Chemically modified peptides and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to chemically modified peptides and uses thereof in treating certain diseases or disorders.

Description

CHEMICALLY MODIFIED PEPTIDES AND USE THEREOF RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 697,416,filed on September 20, 2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.SEQUENCE LISTING

[0002] This application contains a computer-readable Sequence Listing which has been submitted in XML file format with this application, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The Sequence Listing XML file submitted with this application is entitled “14794-013-228_SEQ_LISTING.xml”, was created on September 18, 2025 and is 304,905 bytes in size. 1. FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to chemically modified peptides and uses thereof in treating certain diseases or disorders. 2. BACKGROUND

[0004] The urocortins (UCNs), UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3 are endogenous peptides that interact with corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 (CRFR1 and CRFR2). CRFR1 and CRFR2 are activated non-selectively by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and UCN1, whereas UCN2 and UCN3 are CRFR2-selective agonists. UCN2 selectively activates CRFR2, including the known isoforms CRFR2-alpha (a), -beta (b) and -gamma (g).

[0005] CRFR2 agonists have demonstrated an effect preclinically in cardiovascular function via the reduction of vascular resistance, and improved kidney function. In clinical studies, UCN2 and UCN3 have been shown to have direct vasorelaxant actions in healthy volunteers and in patients with heart failure. Further, UCN2 has also been shown to increase cardiac output and reduce vascular resistance in patients with heart failure. However, the extremely short half-life of urocortins remains a major limitation to their therapeutic use, for example in the management of patients that require treatment suitable for long-standing and home self-administration. 3. SUMMARY

[0006] In one aspect, provided herein are chemically modified peptides. In a furtheraspect, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:64): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I’), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)- (CH2)p-X, or-((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); i, n, v, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and u are each independently 14-20; s is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; k is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; r is 1, 2, 3, or 4; a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; h is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In a further aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ofa peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:64).

[0007] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii’) (SEQ ID NO:65): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ii’), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;p is 14-20; s is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; h is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:65).

[0008] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’) (SEQ ID NO:66). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’):RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia’), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus; and with the proviso that one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’) (SEQ ID NO:66).

[0009] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’) (SEQ ID NO:67). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’): RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1’), wherein:R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’) (SEQ ID NO:67).

[0010] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’) (SEQ ID NO:68). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-2’), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c;R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’) (SEQ ID NO:68).

[0011] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’) (SEQ ID NO:69). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-3’), wherein: R2is selected from Gly, and Pro; R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’) (SEQ ID NO:69).

[0012] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’) (SEQ ID NO:70). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-R23-R24- R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ib’), wherein: R3is selected from dK*, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, Ac4c, and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein:;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if R3is dK*, K* is not present; with further proviso that if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’) (SEQ ID NO:70).

[0013] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’) (SEQ ID NO:71). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1’), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I;R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein:Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib -1’) (SEQ IDNO:71).

[0014] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’) (SEQ ID NO:72). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2’), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg;R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; dRzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib -2’) (SEQ IDNO:72).

[0015] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I) (SEQ ID NO:56): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent;R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X or -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or-((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; i, n, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and u are each independently 14-20; k is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; r is 1, 2, 3, or 4; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In a further aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ofa peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I) (SEQ ID NO:56).

[0016] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii) (SEQ ID NO:73): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ii), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*;R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; andwith the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii) (SEQ ID NO:73).

[0017] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia) (SEQ ID NO:57). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus; and with the proviso that one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia) (SEQ ID NO:57).

[0018] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1) (SEQ ID NO:58). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1):RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1) (SEQ ID NO:58).

[0019] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2) (SEQ ID NO:59). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-2), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c;R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2) (SEQ ID NO:59).

[0020] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3) (SEQ ID NO:60). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-3), wherein: R2is selected from Gly, and Pro; R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3) (SEQ ID NO:60).

[0021] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib) (SEQ ID NO:61). In certain embodiments, provided herein is apeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-R23-R24- R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ib), wherein: R3is selected from dK*, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, Ac4c, and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: dK* isRzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2-16; optionally 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if R3is dK*, K* is not present; with further proviso that if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*. In certain embodiments, provided herein, is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib) (SEQ ID NO:61).

[0022] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1) (SEQ ID NO:62). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein:mino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or - H)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His;(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib -1) (SEQ IDNO:62).

[0023] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2) (SEQ ID NO:63). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R is selected from Ile, and Val; dK* is;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib -2) (SEQ IDNO:63).

[0024] In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certainembodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent.

[0025] In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 0, p is 16.

[0026] In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n- ((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16.In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0,v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20.

[0027] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)-gGlu- (CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu2-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu3-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2- (2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20- P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu- (CO)-(CH2)20-S(O)2NH2In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(CO)-CH2-(PEG)11-NH-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-CO2H.

[0028] In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 2, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 1, c is 1, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 0, c is 1, d is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 1, d is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 1, c is 1, d is 1.

[0029] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(eLys)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2 and c is 1 or 2.

[0030] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)- (CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H.

[0031] In certain embodiments, Rzis –(CO)-(PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g- CO2H. In certain embodiments, e is 1 or 2 and g is 16 or 18.

[0032] In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, or SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, or SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55.

[0033] In another aspect, provided herein is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ IDNO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In yet another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55.

[0034] In yet another aspect, provided herein is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In yet another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ IDNO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55.

[0035] In yet another aspect, provided herein are compounds comprising the peptide provided herein. In yet another aspect, provided herein are formulations comprising thepeptide provided herein. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a formulationcomprising a peptide provided herein, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In yet another aspect, provided herein are formulations comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide provided herein. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a formulation comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptideprovided herein, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

[0036] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder. In certain aspects, provided herein is a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide provided herein, a compound comprising the peptide provided herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide provided herein, or the formulation provided herein. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from: (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia (including related to chronic kidney disease), gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity-induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age- related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure (for example, HFpEF), hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) rare genetic causes of obesity such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) muscular dystrophies in autoinflammatory and genetic diseases such as Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy from, for example,ICU / hospitalization; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder.

[0037] In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia (including related to chronic kidney disease), gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity- induced sleep apnea. In certain embodiments, the treatment results in the combination of weight loss and the preservation or building of muscle mass. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is age-related muscle loss. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is muscle wasting during cancer cachexia. In certain embodiments, disease or disorder is a cardiovascular disease selected from heart failure (for example, HFpEF), hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. In certain embodiments, disease or disorder is selected from chronic kidney disease, myalgic encephalomyelitis, and addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is acute pancreatitis. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is Prader-Willi syndrome. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is rare genetic causes of obesity such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). In certainembodiments, the disease or disorder is muscular dystrophies in autoinflammato ry andgenetic diseases such as Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from anxiety, depression, or stress. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is chronic fatigue syndrome. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is muscle atrophy from, for example, ICU / hospitalization. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is alcohol use disorder.

[0038] In another aspect, provided herein are methods of reducing body weight and / or of increasing weight loss. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing body weight and / or of increasing weight loss in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide provided herein, the compoundcomprising the peptide provided herein, or the formulation provided herein. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises preserving or building of muscle mass in the subject.

[0039] In another aspect, provided herein are peptides, compounds, or formulations for use in treating a disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide, a compound, or a formulation for use in treating a disease or disorder selected from (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia (including related to chronic kidney disease), gallbladder disease, andsleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity -linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity-induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age-related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure (for example, HFpEF), hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) rare genetic causes of obesity such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) muscular dystrophies in autoinflammatory and genetic diseases such as Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy from, for example, ICU / hospitalization; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder..

[0040] In another aspect, provided herein are peptides, compounds, or formulations for use in reducing body weight and / or increasing weight loss in a subject. In certain embodiments, peptides, compounds, or formulations are also for use in preserving or building of muscle mass in the subject.

[0041] In another aspect, provided herein are uses of a peptide, a compound, or a formulation in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder. Incertain embodiments, provided herein is the use of a peptide provided herein, a compoun dprovided herein, or a formulation provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder selected from (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acuteinflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia (including related to chronic kidney disease), gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity-induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age-related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure (for example, HFpEF), hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) rare genetic causes of obesity such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) muscular dystrophies in autoinflammatory and genetic diseases such as Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy from, for example, ICU / hospitalization; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder.

[0042] In another aspect, provided herein are uses of a peptide, a compound, or a formulation in the manufacture of a medicament for reducing body weight and / or increasing weight loss in a subject. In certain embodiments, the medicament is also for preserving or building of muscle mass in the subject. 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG. 1 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:7.

[0044] FIG. 2 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:11.

[0045] FIG. 3 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:19.

[0046] FIG. 4 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:30.

[0047] FIG. 5 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:40.

[0048] FIG. 6 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:43.

[0049] FIG. 7 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:44.

[0050] FIG. 8 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:45.

[0051] FIG. 9 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:46.

[0052] FIG. 10 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:47.

[0053] FIG. 11 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:48.

[0054] FIG. 12 depicts the structure of exemplary peptide of SEQ ID NO:50.5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Provided herein are corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) agonist chemically modified peptides and related methods of treatments. In one aspect, provided herein are chemically modified peptides (e.g., the peptides as described in Section 5.2). In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein comprises a fatty acid component (e.g., a fatty acid component as described in Section 5.2.3). In another aspect, provided herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., methods as described in Section 5.4.1). In yet another aspect, provided herein are peptides for use in treating a disease or disorder (e.g., the peptides for use in treating a disease or disorder as described in Section 5.4.2). In yet another aspect, provided herein is use of a peptide provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder (e.g., the use as described in Section 5.4.3). In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical combinations (e.g., the pharmaceutical combinations as described in Section 5.5). In yet another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions (e.g., the pharmaceutical compositions as described in Section 5.6). In yet another aspect, provided herein are processes for making a peptide as provided herein (e.g., the processes as described in Section 5.7).

[0056] Urocortins (UCNs), UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3 are endogenous peptides that interact with corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 (CRFR1 and CRFR2).

[0057] Studies in mice have demonstrated that UCN2 and / or UCN3 gene transfer in mice improves not only cardiac function but also glucose disposal. In addition, subcutaneous delivery of pegylated UCN2 has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle while reducing body weight. These findings demonstrate that urocortins can be useful not only in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases but also in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

[0058] The extremely short half-life of urocortins remains a major limitation to their therapeutic use. Specifically, treatment with urocortins cannot be sustained without continuous intravenous infusion. However, the management of chronic diabetic or heart failure patients requires treatment suitable for long-standing and home self-administration.

[0059] To overcome these limitations, there remains a need for improved CRFR2 agonists which are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment and prevention of diseases. There is a need for selective CRFR2 agonists having desirable efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., improved half-life) and / or physicochemical properties (e.g., improved stability and / or solubility), for the treatment of disease or disorders selected from, but notlimited to, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, sarcopenia, kidney disease, cachexia, heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Provided herein are CRFR2 agonist peptides, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such peptides, and methods of using such peptides that meet such needs.

[0060] The peptides provided herein have a particular fatty acid component linked to the peptide chain at a particular amino acid position. The peptides provided herein have shown superior properties / results as compared to other CRFR2 agonist peptides in the art, for example, superior properties / results relative to reference peptides, such as the reference peptide of SEQ ID NO:26. Such superior properties / results include but are not limited to, those described in Section 7 (Examples) below, including superior in vitro activities in CRFR2 expressing cells, superior in vivo pharmacokinetics properties (e.g., higher AUC level and / or longer half-life), superior in vivo activity and / or efficacy (e.g. increased food intake inhibition, body weight reduction, fat mass reduction and muscle mass retention), superior target selectivity (e.g., very low or no CRFR1 agonist activity and potent CRFR2 agonist activity), superior solubility, superior properties for formulation, as well as the combination of one or two superior properties / results. Exemplary assays and results for demonstrating such superior properties are provided in Section 7 (Examples). In certain embodiments, the superior properties / results can lead to superior therapeutic activities and / or safety profile. In certain embodiments, the superior therapeutic activities or safety profile may be demonstrated in animal models or clinical studies, such as the ones provided in Section 7. In certain embodiments, without being bound by the theory, the amino-acid-sequence features of the peptides provided herein lead to superior results in comparison to known reference peptides. Such features include but are not limited to the fatty acid at RL, Glu at R32, Thr at R40and Ile at R41, provided herein, such as the features in SEQ ID NO:11. 5.1 Definitions

[0061] The nomenclature of Schroder & Lubke, “The Peptides”, Academic Press (1965) is used to define the peptides provided herein, wherein, in accordance with conventional representation, the amino terminal group appears to the left and the carboxyl terminal group to the right. The standard 1-letter or 3-letter abbreviations are used to identify the alpha- amino acid residues, and where the amino acid residue has isomeric forms, it is the L-form of the amino acid that is represented unless otherwise expressly indicated, e.g., Ser=L-serine, Orn=L-ornithine, Aad=L-2-aminoadipic acid, Nle=L-norleucine, etc. It is understood that, if an amino acid residue (naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring) is shown in asequence, the individual amino acid residues are all connected via peptide bonds and are shown in amino-terminal-to-carboxyl-terminal direction starting from the left.

[0062] Table 1 provides terms and structures used herein for exemplary moieties or compounds. Table 1: Exemplary terms and corresponding structures1.The three-dimensional spatial orientation and / or directionality of each moiety shown in Table 1 is readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to be dependent on the substituent(s) to which it is attached, and therefore is not limited to only the exemplary depictions provided in the instant table.

[0063] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “CRF Receptor (CRFR)” means a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor or corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor belonging to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Two CRF receptor subtypes have been identified, CRFR1 (or CRF1R or CRF1 receptor, also known as corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 receptor (CRH1R or CRHR1)) and CRFR2 (or CRF2R orCRF2 receptor, also known as corticotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor (CRH2R or CRHR2)). CRFR1 receptors are widely distributed throughout neocortical, limbic and brainstem regions of the central nervous system while CRFR2 receptors are limited to discrete brain regions. CRFR2 has three major functional isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. In humans, CRFR2-beta is primarily expressed in the brain, while CRFR2-alpha is more broadly expressed in the brain and found in additional peripheral tissues.

[0064] As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refer to an amount of a therapeutic (e.g., a composition provided herein) which is sufficient to treat, prevent, delay the onset of, reduce and / or ameliorate the severity and / or duration of a given condition, disorder or disease and / or a symptom related thereto. These terms also encompass an amount necessary for the reduction, slowing, or amelioration of the advancement or progression of a given disease, reduction, slowing, or amelioration of the recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, and / or to improve or enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy or to serve as a bridge to another therapy. In some embodiments, “effective amount” as used herein also refers to the amount of a composition described herein to achieve a specified result. As used herein, the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably.

[0065] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” encompasses non-toxic acid and base addition salts of the peptide to which the term refers. Acceptable non-toxic acid addition salts include those derived from organic and inorganic acids or bases know in the art, which include, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, sorbic acid, aconitic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, embolic acid, enanthic acid, and the like. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is free base, sodium, potassium, or other cationic salts. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutically accepted salt is a salt as described in Gupta et al., Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations. Molecules.2018 Jul; 23(7): 1719, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutically accepted salt is a salt as described in Bharate, S.S., Modulation of biopharmaceutical properties of acidic drugs using cationic counterions: A critical analysis of FDA-approved pharmaceutical salts. International Journal of Pharmaceutics Volume 607, 25 September 2021, 120993, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0066] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “about” or “approximately” means an acceptable error for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured or determined. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 1, 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 50%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.05% of a given value or range. If there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a writtendescription, the written description is to be accorded more weight.5.2 Peptides

[0067] In one aspect, provided herein are corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) agonist peptides that are chemically modified. In another aspect, provided herein are salt forms of CRFR2 agonist peptides that are chemically modified. In a further aspect, the salt forms are selected from sodium, hydrochloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium, acetate, trifluoroacetate, and formic acid. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein are capable of activating corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2). In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein are capable of activating corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) selectively over corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1). In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein have no detectable agonist activity towards CRFR1. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein can be used in the methods and uses provided in Section 5.4. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein can be used in the pharmaceutical combinations provided in Section 5.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein can be comprised by the pharmaceutical compositions provided in Section 5.6. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein can be made by the processes provided in Section 5.7. In certain embodiments, the peptides provided herein can be made or tested using the methods provided in Section 7. 5.2.1 Formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), and sub-formulae thereof (i) Formulae (I), (Ia), and (Ib)

[0068] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I) (SEQ ID NO:56): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I).In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I) (SEQ ID NO:56). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is RL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA). In certain embodiments, R3is tranexamic acid (TXA). In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP). In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I). In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c). In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)- (CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u- X. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certainembodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments, dK* is. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certainembodiments, i, n, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, pand u are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, k is 2-16. In certain embodiments, k is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, r is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, when dK* is present, RLis not present and R3is dK*; and when RLis present, dK* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, when K* is present, RLis not present and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; and when RLis present, K* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0069] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii) (SEQ ID NO:63): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ii). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii) (SEQ ID NO:63). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2isRL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA). In certain embodiments, R3is tranexamic acid (TXA). In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP). In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I). In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c). In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of theN-terminus. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)- (CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is - P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, h is 2- 16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, when dK* is present, RLis not present and R3is dK*; and when RLis present, dK* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, when K* is present, RLis not present and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; and when RLis present, K* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia) (SEQ ID NO:57). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia) (SEQ ID NO:57). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is RL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3isGly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N- Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib) (SEQ ID NO:61). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib): R(Ib). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib) (SEQ ID NO:61). In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certainembodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments, K* is . In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis - ((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is - CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently14-20. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, if R3is dK*, K* is not present. In certain embodiments, if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*. (ii) Sub-formulae of Formulae (I), (Ia), and (Ib)

[0072] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1) (SEQ ID NO:58). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1): RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1) (SEQ ID NO:58). In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis - (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14- 20. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2) (SEQ ID NO:59). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-2). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2) (SEQ ID NO:59). In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0074] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3) (SEQ ID NO:60). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-3). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3) (SEQ ID NO:60). In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N- Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40isSer. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1) (SEQ ID NO:62). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1) (SEQ ID NO:62). In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His.In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certainembodiments, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, qand g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0076] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2) (SEQ ID NO:63). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2) (SEQ ID NO:63). In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments, dK* is. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f- (gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certainembodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. 5.2.2 Formulae (I’), (Ia’), (Ib’), and sub-formulae thereof (i) Formulae (I’), (Ia’), and (Ib’)

[0077] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:64): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:64). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is RL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA). In certain embodiments, R3is tranexamic acid (TXA). In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP). In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I). In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36isArg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c). In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)- (CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n- ((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis - ((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments,certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)- (CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g- X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is - P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, i, n, v, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p and u are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, k is 2-16. In certain embodiments, k is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, r is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, a, b, y, c, d, and e are eachindependently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14 -20.In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, when dK* is present, RLis not present and R3is dK*; and when RLis present, dK* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, when K* is present, RLis not present and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; and when RLis present, K* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0078] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii’) (SEQ ID NO:65): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ii’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii’) (SEQ ID NO:65). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is RL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA). In certain embodiments, R3is tranexamic acid (TXA). In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP). In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I). In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16isArg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c). In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis –(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s- NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments, K* is. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, when dK* is present, RLis not present and R3is dK*; and when RLis present, dK* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL. In certain embodiments, when K* is present, RLis not present and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; and when RLis present, K* is not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0079] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’) (SEQ ID NO:66). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’) (SEQ ID NO:66). In certain embodiments, RNis RL. In certain embodiments, RNis absent. In certain embodiments, R2is RL.In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R2is absent. In certain embodiments, R3is RL. In certain embodiments, R3isGly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N- Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certainembodiments, n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus. In certain embodiments, one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’) (SEQ ID NO:70). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-R23-R24- R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ib’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’) (SEQ ID NO:70). In certain embodiments, R3is dK*. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4isN-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R13is Gly. In certain embodiments, R13is K*. In certain embodiments, R14is Leu. In certain embodiments, R14is K*. In certain embodiments, R15is Gln. In certain embodiments, R15is K*. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R16is K*. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R20is K*. In certain embodiments, R23is Arg. In certain embodiments, R23is K*. In certain embodiments, R24is Ala. In certain embodiments, R24is K*. In certain embodiments, R25is Arg. In certain embodiments, R25is K*. In certain embodiments, R28is Arg. In certain embodiments, R28is K*. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R32is K*. In certain embodiments, R33is Thr. In certain embodiments, R33is K*. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R36is K*. In certain embodiments, R37is Ile. In certain embodiments, R37is K*. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is K*. In certain embodiments, R39is Glu. In certain embodiments, R39is K*. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R40is K*. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, R42is K*. In certain embodiments, R42is absent. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments,certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g- X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is - P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H- tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, if R3is dK*, K* is not present. In certain embodiments, if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*. (ii) Sub-formulae of Formulae (I’), (Ia’), and (Ib’)

[0081] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’) (SEQ ID NO:67). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’): RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’) (SEQ ID NO:67). In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40isThr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis - (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v- (gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H- tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments,s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’) (SEQ ID NO:68). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-2’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’) (SEQ ID NO:68). In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2- (PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certainembodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’) (SEQ ID NO:60). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-3’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’) (SEQ ID NO:69). In certain embodiments, R2is Gly. In certain embodiments, R2is Pro. In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N- Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certainembodiments, n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is14-20. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

[0084] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’) (SEQ ID NO:71). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’):R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’) (SEQ ID NO:71). In certain embodiments, R3is Gly. In certain embodiments, R3is EACA. In certain embodiments, R3is TXA. In certain embodiments, R3is Gln. In certain embodiments, R3is DAP. In certain embodiments, R3is gGlu. In certain embodiments, R3is d(Lys). In certain embodiments, R3is Lys. In certain embodiments, R3is Glu. In certain embodiments, R3is absent. In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments,. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f- (gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0085] In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’) (SEQ ID NO:72). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2’). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’) (SEQ ID NO:72). In certain embodiments, R4is Ile. In certain embodiments, R4is N-Me-I. In certain embodiments, R16is Gln. In certain embodiments, R16is Arg. In certain embodiments, R20is Glu. In certain embodiments, R20is Gln. In certain embodiments, R32is Glu. In certain embodiments, R32is Thr. In certain embodiments, R36is Glu. In certain embodiments, R36is Gln. In certain embodiments, R36is Arg. In certain embodiments, R38is Nle. In certain embodiments, R38is Leu. In certain embodiments, R38is Phe. In certain embodiments, R40is Glu. In certain embodiments, R40is Thr. In certain embodiments, R40is Ser. In certain embodiments, R40is Ac4c. In certain embodiments, R41is Ile. In certain embodiments, R41is Val. In certain embodiments,when at N-terminus. In certain embodiments, dK* is. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certainembodiments, a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, q and g are each independently 14-20. In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.5.2.3 Fatty Acid Component

[0086] In one aspect, the peptide provided herein comprises a fatty acid component. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is linked to the N-terminus of the peptide provided herein. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is linked to an amino acid residue that is not at the N-terminus of the peptide. (i) Fatty acid component RL

[0087] In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is linked to the N-terminus of the peptide provided herein. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is linked to the N-terminus of the peptide via the alpha amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is RLas provided herein. In certain embodiments, the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus of a peptide (i.e., the alpha amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue) provided herein.

[0088] In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n- (gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, when i is 2 or 3, each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certainembodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z iseLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D-gGlu. In other embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is - CO2H. In certain embodiments, “-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H” is collectively referred to as a diacid. In certain embodiments, the diacid is a C16, C18, C20, or C22 diacid. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, i, v, n, m, and j are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, j is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 2, j is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 1, j is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 1, j is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, j is 1. In certain embodiments, i is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2 and m is 1 or 2. In certainembodiments, n is 1, m is 1, j is 1. In certain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certainembodiments, p is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, p is 15, 17, or 19. In certainembodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, RLis -(eLys)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)- (CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X.

[0089] In certain embodiments, RLcomprises one or more PEG units, i.e., -CH2-CH2-O- or -O-CH2-CH2- as shown in Table 1. In certain embodiments, the PEG units in RLare linked to each other via a linker. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(linker-(PEG)s-linker)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis -(linker-(PEG)k-linker)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X. In certain embodiments, the PEG units in RLare linked to each other directly. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((PEG)s)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis –((PEG)k)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X. In certain embodiments, the PEG unit is linked to the rest of the RLmoiety directly. In certain embodiments, the PEG units are linked to the rest of the RLmoiety via a linker. In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(linker-(PEG)s)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, - (Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((PEG)s-linker)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p- X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-linker-((PEG)s-linker)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j- (CO)-(CH2)p-X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-linker-((PEG)s)v-(gGlu)m- (Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(linker-(PEG)s)v-linker- (gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((PEG)s)v- linker-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, or -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n- linker-((PEG)s)v-linker-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, RLis - (linker-(PEG)k)r-linker-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X, -linker-((PEG)k-linker)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)- (CH2)u-X, -linker-((PEG)k)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X, or -((PEG)k)r-linker-(gGlu)t-(CO)- (CH2)u-X. In certain embodiments, the linker is a peptide bond (i.e., an amide group). In certain embodiments, the linker is an alkyl group. In certain embodiments, RLis prepared using one or more PEG linkers known in the art. In certain embodiments, RLis preparedusing one or more PEG linkers such as alkyne PEG, amino PEG, aminooxy PEG, 3 -arylpropiolonitrile (APN) PEG, bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)-PEG, benzyl-PEG, biotin PEG, bis-PEG-acid (PEG di(carboxylic acid)), bis-PEG-NHS, Boc-PEG (Boc-protected PEG linkers), branched PEG, bromo PEG, a cleavable linker (e.g., a disulfide linker, aenzymatically cleavable linker, a photocleavable linker, a photoreactive linker, a diazo linker), dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) PEG, diketone linker, 2,4-Dinitrophenol PEG (DNP- PEG), DOTA reagent (e.g., DOTA-PEG-amine, DOTA-PEG-azide, DOTA-(t-Butyl)3-PEG- azide, DOTA-PEG-DBCO, bromoacetamido-PEG-DOTA, DOTA(OtBu)3, fluorescein- triazole-PEG-DOTA, and DOTA-PEG-DSPE), a fluorescent reagent (e.g., Cy3-PEG-azide, Cy3-PEG-alkyne, Cy5-PEG-acid, Cy5-PEG-NHS ester, Cy5-PEG-alkyne, Cy5-PEG-amine, Cy5-PEG-azide, Cy5-PEG-biotin, Cy5-PEG-DBCO, Cy5-PEG-hydroxyl, Cy5-PEG- Maleimide, Cy7-PEG-azide, fluorescein-PEG, carboxyfluorescein-PEG, BDP FL-PEG, rhodamine-PEG, and pyrene-PEG), fluorine PEG, Fmoc PEG (e.g., Fmoc-NH-PEG8- CH2COOH), hybrid linker (bromoacetamido-PEG-aliphatic-acid, bromoacetamido-PEG- aliphatic-t-butyl ester, amine-PEG-aliphatic-t-butyl ester, azide-PEG-aliphatic-t-butyl ester, C18-PEG-acid, C18-PEG-azide, Palmitic acid-PEG-acid, palmitic acid-PEG-NHS ester, palmitamide-PEG-amine, and diethylene glycol monopentyl ether), hydroxy PEG ((PEG alcohols), Iodo PEG, lipid PEG, m-PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether), a maleimide linker, methylamino-PEG, non-PEG linker, NOTA reagent, PEG acid, PEG aldehyde, PEG azide, PEG hydrazide, PEG NHS ester, PEG PFP ester, PEG phosphonate, PEG PNP carbonate, PEG silane, PEG sulfonic acid, PEG tosylate, PEG-X-PEG (e.g., PEG- NH-PEG, PEG-Boc-PEG, PEG-Mal-PEG, PEG-N-Me-PEG, PEG-N-OH-PEG, PEG- Fluorescein-PEG, PEG-Biotin-PEG, PEG-DBCO-PEG, PEG-Methyltetrazine-PEG, PEG- TCO-PEG, PEG-N-Benzyl-PEG, PEG-S-PEG, PEG-SO2-PEG), poly PEG (PEG polymer), propargyl PEG, a PROTAC linker, SPDP PEG, sugar PEG, TCO-PEG, tetrazine-PEG, and thiol PEG.

[0090] In certain embodiments, k is 2-16. In certain embodiments, k is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, r is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D- gGlu. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is - P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis –(CO)- (PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-CO2H. In certain embodiments, t is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, u is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, u is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, t is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, u is 16 or 18.

[0091] In certain embodiments, RLis -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u- X. In certain embodiments, k is 2-16. In certain embodiments, k is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, r is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D-gGlu. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis –(CO)-(PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-CO2H. In certain embodiments, t is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, u is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, u is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, t is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, u is 16 or 18.

[0092] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, n is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain embodiments, n is 3. In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain embodiments, v is 1. In certain embodiments, v is 2. In certain embodiments, v is 3. In certain embodiments, v is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1. In certainembodiments, m is 2. In certain embodiments, m is 3. In certain embodiments, m is 0. Incertain embodiments, p is 14-20. In certain embodiments, p is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, p is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, p is 16. In certain embodiments, p is 18. In certain embodiments, s is 1-36. In certain embodiments, s is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36. In certain embodiments, s is 12. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 1, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 2, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 3, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 1, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 2, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 0, m is 3, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 1, m is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 2, m is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, n is 3, m is 0, p is 16.

[0093] In certain embodiments, RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n- ((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certainembodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 0, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 0, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, jis 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 0, v is 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 1, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 2, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20. In certain embodiments, i is 0, n is 3, v is 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20.

[0094] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)-gGlu- (CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)2-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)3-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certainembodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-CO2H. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20- P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu- (CO)-(CH2)20-S(O)2NH2In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(CO)-CH2-(PEG)11-NH-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-CO2H.

[0095] In certain embodiments, RLis the corresponding moiety as shown in FIG.1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, RLis the fatty acid component in the peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, or SEQ ID NO:31. In certain embodiments, RLis the fatty acid component a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, or SEQ ID NO:31.

[0096] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H, wherein n is 1, m is 1, and p is 18. In certain embodiments, RLis.

[0097] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H, wherein n is 2, m is 1, and p is 18. In certain embodiments, RLisin an alternative representation,.

[0098] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H, wherein n is 2, m is 1, and p is 20. In certain embodiments, RLis.

[0099] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-P(O)(OH)2, wherein n is 2, m is 1, and p is 20. In certain embodiments, RLis.

[0100] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-S(O)2NH2, wherein n is 2, m is 1, and p is 20. In certain embodiments, RLis.

[0101] In certain embodiments, RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m- (CO)-(CH2)p-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl), wherein n is 2, m is 1, and p is 20. In certain embodiments, RLis

[0105] In certain embodiments, RLis -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u- X, wherein k=12, r=1, t=1, u=16, and X is -P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, RLis

[0107] In certain embodiments, RLis as provided in Table 2A below. Table 2A: Exemplary RLin the fatty acid component(ii) Fatty acid component K* In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is connected to the peptide via a side chain of an amino acid residue. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is connected to the peptide via the side chain of lysine. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid component is connected to the peptide via the epsilon amino group of lysine. In certain embodiments, the connection of the fatty acid component to the peptide through the side chain of a lysine residue is represented by K* that is of the structure. In certain embodiments, the connection of the fatty acid component to the peptide through the side chain of a lysine residue is represented by dK* that is of the structure owhenat N-terminus.

[0104] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, when a is 2 or 3, each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His. In certain embodiments, Z is Gly. In certain embodiments, Z is Glu. In certain embodiments, Z is gGlu. In certain embodiments, Z is Lys. In certain embodiments, Z is eLys. In certain embodiments, Z is Ala. In certain embodiments, Z is Gln. In certain embodiments, Z is His. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D-gGlu. In other embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is - CO2H. In certain embodiments, “-(CO)-(CH2)q-CO2H” is collectively referred to as a diacid. In certain embodiments, the diacid is a C16, C18, C20, or C22 diacid. In certain embodiments, X is -S(O)2NH2. In certain embodiments, X is -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl). In certain embodiments, a, b, c, and d, are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, b is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 2. In certain embodiments, b is 3. In certain embodiments, b is 0. In certain embodiments, y is 1. In certain embodiments, y is 2. In certain embodiments, y is 3. In certain embodiments, y is 0. In certain embodiments, c is 1. In certain embodiments, c is 2. In certain embodiments, c is 3. In certain embodiments, c is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 2, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 1, c is 1, d is 0. In certain embodiments, b is 0, c is 1, d is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 2, c is 1, d is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2 and c is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, b is 1, c is 1, d is 1. In certain embodiments, q is 14-20. In certain embodiments, q is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, q is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, w is 1-36. In certain embodiments, w is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, or 36.

[0105] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(eLys)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino- ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)2-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H.

[0106] In certain embodiments, Rzcomprises one or more PEG units, i.e., -(CH2-CH2-O)- or -(O-CH2-CH2)-, as shown in Table 1. In certain embodiments, the PEG units in Rzare linked to each other via a linker. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(linker-(PEG)w-linker)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(linker-(PEG)h-linker)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, the PEG units in Rzare linked to each other directly. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis –((PEG)h)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, the PEG unit is linked to the rest of the Rzmoiety directly. In certain embodiments, the PEG units are linked to the rest of the Rzmoiety via a linker. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(linker-(PEG)w)y-(gGlu)c- (Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((PEG)w-linker)y- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-linker- ((PEG)w-linker)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)b-linker-((PEG)w)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(linker-(PEG)w)y-linker-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(PEG)w)y-linker-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -(Z)a-(2- [2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-linker-(PEG)w)y-linker-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, Rzis -(linker-(PEG)h)f-linker-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X, -linker- ((PEG)h-linker)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X, -linker-((PEG)h)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X, or - ((PEG)h)f-linker-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X. In certain embodiments, the linker is a peptide bond (i.e., an amide group). In certain embodiments, the linker is an alkyl group. In certain embodiments, Rzis prepared using one or more PEG linkers known in the art. In certain embodiments, Rzis prepared using one or more PEG linkers such as alkyne PEG, amino PEG, aminooxy PEG, 3-arylpropiolonitrile (APN) PEG, bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)-PEG, benzyl-PEG, biotin PEG, bis-PEG-acid (PEG di(carboxylic acid)), bis-PEG-NHS, Boc-PEG (Boc-protected PEG linkers), branched PEG, bromo PEG, a cleavable linker (e.g., a disulfidelinker, a enzymatically cleavable linker, a photocleavable linker, a pho toreactive linker, adiazo linker), dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) PEG, diketone linker, 2,4-Dinitrophenol PEG (DNP-PEG), DOTA reagent (e.g., DOTA-PEG-amine, DOTA-PEG-azide, DOTA-(t-Butyl)3- PEG-azide, DOTA-PEG-DBCO, bromoacetamido-PEG-DOTA, DOTA(OtBu)3, fluorescein- triazole-PEG-DOTA, and DOTA-PEG-DSPE), a fluorescent reagent (e.g., Cy3-PEG-azide, Cy3-PEG-alkyne, Cy5-PEG-acid, Cy5-PEG-NHS ester, Cy5-PEG-alkyne, Cy5-PEG-amine,Cy5-PEG-azide, Cy5-PEG-biotin, Cy5-PEG-DBCO, Cy5-PEG-hydroxyl, Cy5-PEG- Maleimide, Cy7-PEG-azide, fluorescein-PEG, carboxyfluorescein-PEG, BDP FL-PEG, rhodamine-PEG, and pyrene-PEG), fluorine PEG, Fmoc PEG (e.g., Fmoc-NH-PEG8- CH2COOH), hybrid linker (bromoacetamido-PEG-aliphatic-acid, bromoacetamido-PEG- aliphatic-t-butyl ester, amine-PEG-aliphatic-t-butyl ester, azide-PEG-aliphatic-t-butyl ester, C18-PEG-acid, C18-PEG-azide, Palmitic acid-PEG-acid, palmitic acid-PEG-NHS ester, palmitamide-PEG-amine, and diethylene glycol monopentyl ether), hydroxy PEG ((PEG alcohols), Iodo PEG, lipid PEG, m-PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether), a maleimide linker, methylamino-PEG, non-PEG linker, NOTA reagent, PEG acid, PEG aldehyde, PEG azide, PEG hydrazide, PEG NHS ester, PEG PFP ester, PEG phosphonate, PEG PNP carbonate, PEG silane, PEG sulfonic acid, PEG tosylate, PEG-X-PEG (e.g., PEG- NH-PEG, PEG-Boc-PEG, PEG-Mal-PEG, PEG-N-Me-PEG, PEG-N-OH-PEG, PEG- Fluorescein-PEG, PEG-Biotin-PEG, PEG-DBCO-PEG, PEG-Methyltetrazine-PEG, PEG- TCO-PEG, PEG-N-Benzyl-PEG, PEG-S-PEG, PEG-SO2-PEG), poly PEG (PEG polymer), propargyl PEG, a PROTAC linker, SPDP PEG, sugar PEG, TCO-PEG, tetrazine-PEG, and thiol PEG.

[0107] In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D- gGlu. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is - P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis –(CO)- (PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-CO2H. In certain embodiments, e is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, g is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, g is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, e is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, g is 16 or 18.

[0108] In certain embodiments, Rzis -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g- X. In certain embodiments, h is 2-16. In certain embodiments, h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16. In certain embodiments, f is 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is D-gGlu. In certain embodiments, the gGlu is L-gGlu. In certain embodiments, X is -P(O)(OH)2. In other embodiments, X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis –(CO)-(PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH- (gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-CO2H. In certain embodiments, e is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, g is 14, 16, 18, or 20. In certain embodiments, g is 15, 17, or 19. In certain embodiments, e is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, g is 16 or 18.

[0108] In certain embodiments, Rzis the corresponding moiety as shown in any one of FIGs.4-12. In certain embodiments, Rzis the fatty acid component in the peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16,SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:29. In certain embodiments, Rzis the fatty acid component in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:29.

[0109] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- ((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20.In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 0, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 0, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 18. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 16. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3,y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 2, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 0, y is 1, c is 3, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 1, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 2, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20. In certain embodiments, a is 0, b is 3, y is 1, c is 0, d is 0, q is 20.

[0110] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18, and X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis inan alternative representation,.

[0111] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16, and X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis inan alternative representation,.

[0112] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 1, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18, and X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis.

[0113] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein Z is eLys, a=2, b=0, c=1, d=1, q=18, and X is - CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis, or, in an alternative representation,.

[0114] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 2, c is 2, d is 0, q is 18, and X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzis, or, in an alternative representation,.

[0115] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0, q is 18, and X is - P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, Rzis, or, in an alternative representation,.

[0116] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a is 0, b is 2, c is 1, d is 0, q is 16, and X is - P(O)(OH)2. In certain embodiments, Rzis, or, in an alternative representation,.

[0117] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b- (gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, wherein a=0, b=2, c=1, d=1, q=18, and X is -CO2H. In certain embodiments, Rzisor, in an alternative representation,.

[0118] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c- (CO)-(CH2)q-CO2H, wherein b is 2, c is 1, and q is 20. In certain embodiments, Rzis.

[0119] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c- (CO)-(CH2)q-P(O)(OH)2, wherein b is 2, c is 1, and q is 20. In certain embodiments, Rzis.

[0120] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c- (CO)-(CH2)q-S(O)2NH2, wherein b is 2, c is 1, and q is 20. In certain embodiments, Rzis.

[0121] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c- (CO)-(CH2)q-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl), wherein b is 2, c is 1, and q is 20. In certain embodiments, R.

[0122] In certain embodiments, Rzis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)- CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(CO)-(CH2)q-CO2H, wherein b is 2, w is 12, y is 1, c is 1, and q is 20. In certain embodiments, Rzis.

[0127] In certain embodiments, Rzis as provided in Table 2B below. Table 2B: Exemplary Rin the fatty acid component5.2.4 Exemplary Peptides

[0128] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide of Formula (I), (Ii), (Ia) or (b) or Sub-formulae thereof Formula (Ia-1), (Ia-2), (Ia-3), (Ib-1) or (Ib-2). In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide of Formula (I’), (Ii’), (Ia’) or (Ib’) or Sub- formulae thereof Formula (Ia-1’), (Ia-2’), (Ia-3’), (Ib-1’) or (Ib-2’). Depending on the pH ofthe composition, a peptide provided herein can be present as free base or as free acid . Incertain embodiments, the peptide provided herein is in a free base form. In certain embodiments, the peptide provided herein is in a free acid form. In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a free base form of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ IDNO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a free acid form of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, the peptide consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ IDNO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a free base form of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a free acid form of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55.

[0129] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide of Formula (I), (Ia), (I’) or (Ia’). In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ IDNO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, or SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, or SEQ ID NO:25.

[0130] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide of Formula (I), (Ib), (I’), or (Ib’). In certain embodiments, the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence as depicted in FIGs. 1-12.

[0131] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Gly-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile- Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:1 as illustrated below:.

[0132] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:2 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-EACA-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln- Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:2 as illustrated below:.

[0133] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of apeptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 is an acetatesalt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-TXA-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln- Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:3 as illustrated below:.

[0134] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:4 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Gln-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile- Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:4 as illustrated below:.

[0135] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:5 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-DAP-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln- Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:5 as illustrated below:.

[0136] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:6 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-gGlu-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln- Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:6 as illustrated below:.

[0137] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of apeptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile- Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 1. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 1.

[0138] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-d(Lys)-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln- Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:8 as illustrated below:.

[0139] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile- Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile- Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:9 as illustrated below:.

[0140] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:10. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-d(Lys)-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile- Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr- Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:10 as illustrated below:.

[0141] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:11. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG.2. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG.2.

[0142] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:12. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Arg-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:12 as illustrated below:.

[0143] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:13. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Gln-Ile-Leu-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:13 as illustrated below:.

[0144] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:14. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Arg-Ile-Leu-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:14 as illustrated below:.

[0145] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:15. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Ser-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:15 as illustrated below:.

[0146] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:16. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Arg-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Ser-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:16 as illustrated below:.

[0147] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:17 as illustrated below:.

[0148] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:18. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:18 as illustrated below:.

[0149] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:19. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG.3. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG.3.

[0150] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:20. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprisesor consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Lys-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:20 as illustrated below:. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:21. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2- gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:21 as illustrated below:. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:22. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2- (gGlu)2-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:22 as illustrated below:. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:23. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2- (gGlu)3-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:23 as illustrated below:. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:24. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Gly-Gly-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr- Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:24 as illustrated below:. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is apharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:25. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of RL-Pro-Gly-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile- Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]- acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:25 as illustrated below:.

[0151] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:27. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of dK*-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein d-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:27 as illustrated below:.

[0152] Icertain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:28. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:28 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of dK*-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr- Asn-Ala-Glu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Ser-Val-NH2; wherein damino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:28 as illustrated below:.

[0153] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:29. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 is an HCl salt. In certainembodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-K*-Leu-Gln- Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala- Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; whereinethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:29 as illustrated below:.

[0154] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:30. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-K*-Leu-Gln- Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala- Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2;-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 4. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 4.

[0155] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:31. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-K*-Gln- Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala- Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:31 as illustrated below:.

[0156] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:32. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 is an HCl salt. In certainembodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-K*- Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn-Ala- Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; whereinethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:32 as illustrated below:.

[0157] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:33. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:33. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-K*-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:33 as illustrated below:.

[0158] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-K*-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:34 as illustrated below:.

[0159] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:35. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2;wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:35 as illustrated below:.

[0160] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:36. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprisesor consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-K*-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:36 as illustrated below:.

[0161] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:37. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:37 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-K*-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; whereinamino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:37 as illustrated below:.

[0162] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:38. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:38 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-K*-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:38 as illustrated below:.

[0163] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:39. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists ofthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:39 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:39 as illustrated below:.

[0164] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:40. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide thatcomprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu- wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 5. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 5.

[0165] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:41. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Glu-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- L *wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:41 as illustrated below:.

[0166] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:42. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:42 as illustrated below:.

[0167] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:43. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:43 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Ser-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 6. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 6.

[0168] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:44. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Nle-Glu-Thr-Ile-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 7. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 7.

[0169] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:45. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Phe-Glu-Ser-Val-NH2;wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:45 as illustrated below.

[0170] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:46. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of N-Me-I-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr- Asn-Ala- wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG. 9.In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 9.

[0171] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:47. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of N-Me-I-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly- L *wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG.10. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 10.

[0172] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:48. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-AlAla-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2;-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG.11. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 11.

[0173] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:49. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-K*-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2;-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:49 as illustrated below:.

[0174] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:50. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:50 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Thr-Thr-Asn- Ala-K*-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)16-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide as depicted in FIG.12. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide as depicted in FIG. 12.

[0175] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:51. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-K*-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:51 as illustrated below:.

[0176] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:52. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:52 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-K*-Glu-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:52 as illustrated below:.

[0177] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:53. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-K*-Glu-Val-NH2; wherein-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:53 as illustrated below:.

[0178] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:54. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is an HCl salt. In certainembodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-K*-Val-NH2; whereinethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:54 as illustrated below:.

[0179] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that isa pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 is an HCl salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 is a sodium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 is a potassium salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 is a TFA salt. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 is an acetate salt. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of Ile-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu- Gln-Gln-Ile-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Glu-Thr-Asn- Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-K*-NH2;-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)18-CO2H. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a peptide that comprises or consists of the structure of SEQ ID NO:55 as illustrated below:. 5.3 Characteristics of the Peptides

[0180] The peptides described in the present disclosure have characteristics that are beneficial for treating diseases and disorders in a subject, or for alleviating one or more symptoms or conditions, such as for reducing body fat, reducing body weight, and / or increasing weight loss in a subject; and / or have characteristics that are beneficial for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptides of the present disclosure,such as for producing a pharmaceutical composition or formulation with high so lubilityand / or high physical and / or chemical stability. Such characteristics include, but are not limited to, superior solubility, superior physical stability, superior chemical stability, superior relative activity profile against the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) and / or the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2), and / or superior pharmacokinetic profiles such as superior long in vivo half-life, high bioavailability, and / or high exposure, as compared to, for example, one or more reference peptides (e.g., peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:26). In certain embodiments, the provided peptides are demonstrated to result in superior biological effects in vivo (e.g., reduction of body weight, food intake and / or loss of fat mass) when administered to a subject, as compared to, for example, one or more reference peptides (e.g., peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:26).

[0181] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein exhibit superior solubility. In certain embodiments, such superior solubility of the peptides described herein are advantageous for the generation of pharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising the peptides, particularly if high concentrations of the peptides are needed.

[0182] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 1 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 2 to about 50 mg / mL (e.g., about 2 to about 50 mg / mL, about 2 to about 49 mg / mL, about 2 to about 48 mg / mL, about 2 to about 47 mg / mL, about 2 to about 46 mg / mL, about 2 to about 45 mg / mL, about 2 to about 44 mg / mL, about 2 to about 43 mg / mL, about 2 to about 42 mg / mL, about 2 to about 41 mg / mL, about 2 to about 40 mg / mL, about 2 to about 39 mg / mL, about 2 to about 38 mg / mL, about 2 to about 37 mg / mL, about 2 to about 36 mg / mL, about 2 to about 35 mg / mL, about 2 to about 34 mg / mL, about 2 to about 33 mg / mL, about 2 to about 32 mg / mL, about 2 to about 31 mg / mL, about 2 to about 30 mg / mL, about 2 to about 29 mg / mL, about 2 to about 28 mg / mL, about 2 to about 27 mg / mL, about 2 to about 26 mg / mL, about 2 to about 25 mg / mL, about 2 to about 24 mg / mL, about 2 to about 23 mg / mL, about 2 to about 22 mg / mL, about 2 to about 21 mg / mL, about 2 to about 20 mg / mL, about 2 to about 19 mg / mL, about 2 to about 18 mg / mL, about 2 to about 17 mg / mL, about 2 to about 16 mg / mL, about 2 to about 15 mg / mL, about 2 to about 14 mg / mL, about 2 to about 13 mg / mL, about 2 to about 12 mg / mL, about 2 to about 11 mg / mL,about 2 to about 10 mg / mL, about 2 to about 9 mg / mL, about 2 to about 8 mg / mL, about 2 to about 7 mg / mL, about 2 to about 6 mg / mL, about 2 to about 5 mg / mL, about 2 to about 4 mg / mL, about 2 to about 3 mg / mL, about 2 to about 50 mg / mL, about 3 to about 50 mg / mL, about 4 to about 50 mg / mL, about 5 to about 50 mg / mL, about 6 to about 50 mg / mL, about 7 to about 50 mg / mL, about 8 to about 50 mg / mL, about 9 to about 50 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 11 to about 50 mg / mL, about 12 to about 50 mg / mL, about 13 to about 50 mg / mL, about 14 to about 50 mg / mL, about 15 to about 50 mg / mL, about 16 to about 50 mg / mL, about 17 to about 50 mg / mL, about 18 to about 50 mg / mL, about 19 toabout 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, about 21 to about 50 mg / mL, about 22 toabout 50 mg / mL, about 23 to about 50 mg / mL, about 24 to about 50 mg / mL, about 25 to about 50 mg / mL, about 26 to about 50 mg / mL, about 27 to about 50 mg / mL, about 28 toabout 50 mg / mL, about 29 to about 50 mg / mL, about 30 to about 50 mg / mL, about 31 toabout 50 mg / mL, about 32 to about 50 mg / mL, about 33 to about 50 mg / mL, about 34 to about 50 mg / mL, about 35 to about 50 mg / mL, about 36 to about 50 mg / mL, about 37 to about 50 mg / mL, about 38 to about 50 mg / mL, about 39 to about 50 mg / mL, about 40 to about 50 mg / mL, about 41 to about 50 mg / mL, about 42 to about 50 mg / mL, about 43 to about 50 mg / mL, about 44 to about 50 mg / mL, about 45 to about 50 mg / mL, about 46 to about 50 mg / mL, about 47 to about 50 mg / mL, about 48 to about 50 mg / mL, or about 49 to about 50 mg / mL). In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 1 mg / mL, about 2 mg / mL, about 3 mg / mL, about 4 mg / mL, about 5 mg / mL, about 6 mg / mL, about 7 mg / mL, about 8 mg / mL, about 9 mg / mL, about 10 mg / mL, about 11 mg / mL, about 12 mg / mL, about 13 mg / mL, about 14 mg / mL, about 15 mg / mL, about 16 mg / mL, about 17 mg / mL, about 18 mg / mL, about 19 mg / mL, about 20 mg / mL, about 21 mg / mL, about 22 mg / mL, about 23 mg / mL, about 24 mg / mL, about 25 mg / mL, about 26 mg / mL, about 27 mg / mL, about 28 mg / mL, about 29 mg / mL, about 30 mg / mL, about 31 mg / mL, about 32 mg / mL, about 33 mg / mL, about 34 mg / mL, about 35 mg / mL, about 36 mg / mL, about 37 mg / mL, about 38 mg / mL, about 39 mg / mL, about 40 mg / mL, about 41 mg / mL, about 42 mg / mL, about 43 mg / mL, about 44 mg / mL, about 45 mg / mL, about 46 mg / mL, about 47 mg / mL, about 48 mg / mL, about 49 mg / mL, or about 50 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of at least about 2 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of at least about 5 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of atleast about 10 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of at least about 20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 20 mg / mL. In certain embodiments, the solubility is determined by the assay described in the Example section.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the solubility of the peptides described herein is determined under certain pH conditions, such as at a pH between about 6.5 and about 8, suchas at about pH 7.0 or about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described hereinhave a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 2 mg / mL. In certainembodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 2 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0 or about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 10 mg / mL. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 10 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0 or about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 10 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of at least 10 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 20 mg / mL. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 20 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0 or about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 20 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a solubility of about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, or at least 20 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5.

[0184] In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55, have a solubility of about 1 to about 100 mg / mL, about 2 to about 50 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL (e.g., about 2 to about 50 mg / mL, about 2 to about 49 mg / mL, about 2 to about 48 mg / mL, about 2 to about 47 mg / mL, about 2 to about 46 mg / mL, about 2 to about 45 mg / mL, about 2 to about 44 mg / mL, about 2 to about 43 mg / mL, about 2 to about 42 mg / mL, about 2 to about 41 mg / mL, about 2 to about 40 mg / mL, about 2 to about 39 mg / mL, about 2 to about 38 mg / mL, about 2 to about 37 mg / mL, about 2 to about 36 mg / mL, about 2 to about 35 mg / mL, about 2 to about 34 mg / mL, about 2 to about 33 mg / mL, about 2 to about 32 mg / mL, about 2 to about 31 mg / mL, about 2 to about 30 mg / mL, about 2 to about 29 mg / mL, about 2 to about 28 mg / mL, about 2 to about 27 mg / mL, about 2 to about 26 mg / mL, about 2 to about 25 mg / mL, about 2 to about 24 mg / mL, about 2 to about 23 mg / mL, about 2 to about 22 mg / mL, about 2 to about 21 mg / mL, about 2 to about 20 mg / mL, about 2 to about 19 mg / mL, about 2 to about 18 mg / mL, about 2 to about 17 mg / mL, about 2 to about 16 mg / mL, about 2 to about 15 mg / mL, about 2 to about 14 mg / mL, about 2 to about 13 mg / mL, about 2 to about 12 mg / mL, about 2 to about 11 mg / mL, about 2 to about 10 mg / mL, about 2 to about 9 mg / mL, about 2 to about 8 mg / mL, about 2 to about 7 mg / mL, about 2 to about 6 mg / mL, about 2 to about 5 mg / mL, about 2 to about 4 mg / mL, about 2 to about 3 mg / mL, about 2 to about 50 mg / mL, about 3 to about 50 mg / mL, about 4 to about 50 mg / mL, about 5 to about 50 mg / mL, about 6 to about 50 mg / mL, about 7 to about 50 mg / mL, about 8 to about 50 mg / mL, about 9 to about 50 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 11 to about 50 mg / mL, about 12 to about 50 mg / mL, about 13 to about 50 mg / mL, about 14 to about 50 mg / mL, about 15 to about 50 mg / mL, about 16 to about 50 mg / mL, about 17 to about 50 mg / mL, about 18 to about 50 mg / mL, about 19 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, about 21 to about 50 mg / mL, about 22 to about 50 mg / mL, about 23 to about 50 mg / mL, about 24 to about 50 mg / mL, about 25 to about 50 mg / mL, about 26 to about 50 mg / mL, about 27 to about 50 mg / mL, about 28 to about 50 mg / mL, about 29 to about 50 mg / mL, about 30 to about 50 mg / mL, about 31 to about 50 mg / mL, about 32 to about 50 mg / mL, about 33 to about 50 mg / mL, about 34 to about 50 mg / mL, about 35 to about 50 mg / mL, about 36 to about 50 mg / mL, about 37 to about 50 mg / mL, about 38 to about 50 mg / mL, about 39 to about 50 mg / mL, about 40 to about 50 mg / mL, about 41 to about 50 mg / mL, about 42 to about 50 mg / mL, about 43 to about 50 mg / mL, about 44 to about 50 mg / mL, about 45 to about 50 mg / mL, about 46 to about 50 mg / mL, about 47 toabout 50 mg / mL, about 48 to about 50 mg / mL, or about 49 to about 50 mg / mL). In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55, have a solubility of about 1 mg / mL, about 2 mg / mL, about 3 mg / mL, about 4 mg / mL, about 5 mg / mL, about 6 mg / mL, about 7 mg / mL, about 8 mg / mL, about 9 mg / mL, about 10 mg / mL, about 11 mg / mL, about 12 mg / mL, about 13 mg / mL, about 14 mg / mL, about 15 mg / mL, about 16 mg / mL, about 17 mg / mL, about 18 mg / mL, about 19 mg / mL, about 20 mg / mL, about 21 mg / mL, about 22 mg / mL, about 23 mg / mL, about 24 mg / mL, about 25 mg / mL, about 26 mg / mL, about 27 mg / mL, about 28 mg / mL, about 29 mg / mL, about 30 mg / mL, about 31 mg / mL, about 32 mg / mL, about 33 mg / mL, about 34 mg / mL, about 35 mg / mL, about 36 mg / mL, about 37 mg / mL, about 38 mg / mL, about 39 mg / mL, about 40 mg / mL, about 41 mg / mL, about 42 mg / mL, about 43 mg / mL, about 44 mg / mL, about 45 mg / mL, about 46 mg / mL, about 47 mg / mL, about 48 mg / mL, about 49 mg / mL, or about 50 mg / mL. In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51, 52, and 55, have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0 or at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:17, 18, 19, and 20, have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51, 52, and 55, have a solubility of about 10 to about 100 mg / mL, about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, about 20 to about 100 mg / mL, or about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5.

[0185] In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:1 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:2 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:3 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:4 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:5 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:6 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:7 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:8 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:9 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:10 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:12 has asolubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, th epeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:16 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:17 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:18 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:19 has asolubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments , thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:20 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.0. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:21 has asolubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodimen ts, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:22 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:23 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:24 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:25 has asolubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embod iments, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:26 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:28 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:29 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:30 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:31 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:32 has asolubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:33 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, atabout pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:34 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:35 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, a tabout pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:36 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, thepeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:37 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, atabout pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:38 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:39 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:40 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:41 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:42 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:48 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:49 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:51 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:52 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:55 has a solubility of about 20 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5.

[0186] In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:11, 13, 14, 15, and 27, have a solubility of about 10 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5. In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:43 and 50, have a solubility of about 5 to about 50 mg / mL, at about pH 7.5.

[0187] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein exhibit high physical stability, including a high level of physical stability even after storage for an extended time.In certain embodiments, such superior physical stability of the peptides described herein areadvantageous for storing pharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising the peptides, particularly if long-term storage or storage at particular conditions is needed.

[0188] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein exhibit high physical stability as shown by low or undetectable aggregate formation, for example, as observed based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of a solution comprising the providedpeptides. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a % aggregation (as indicated by the area under the curve of peaks with estimated molecular weight of greater than 150,000 Da on SEC) of undetectable (about 0%, indicating high physical stability over time) to about 50% (e.g., about 0% to about 50%, about 0.5% to about 50%, about 1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, about 20% to about 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 40% to about 50%, about 0% to about 40%, about 0% to about 30%, about 0% to about 20%, about 0% to about 10%, about 0% to about 5%, about 0% to about 1%, about 0% to about 0.5%, or about 0% to about 0.1%). In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a % aggregation of about 0%, about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, or about 50%. In certain embodiments, the % aggregation of the peptides described herein is determined after storage of a solution comprising the peptides for a period of time, such as about 3 days, about 5 days, about 7 days, about 14 days, about 28 days, about 30 days, about60 days, or about 90 days, for example, about 7 days or about 30 days.

[0189] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have % aggregation of less than about 0.1%, such as about 0%, after storage for about 7 days. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have % aggregation of about 0% to about 50% (e.g., about 0% to about 50%, about 0.5% to about 50%, about 1% to about 50%, about 5% to about 50%, about 10% to about 50%, about 20% to about 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 40% to about 50%, about 0% to about 40%, about 0% to about 30%, about 0% to about 20%, about 0% to about 10%, about 0% to about 5%, about 0% to about 1%, about 0% to about 0.5%, or about 0% to about 0.1%), after storage for about 30 days. In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 30, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45, have a % aggregation of about 0%, after about 7 days. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:11 has a % aggregation of about 0%, after about 7 days. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:42 has a % aggregation of about 0%, after about 7 days.

[0190] In certain embodiments, the peptides represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs:9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 26, 40, 41, 42, 43, and 44, have a % aggregation of about 0%, after about 30 days. In certain embodiments, the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO:42 has a % aggregation of about 0%, after about 30 days.

[0191] In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein exhibit high chemical stability, including a high level of chemical stability even after storage for an extended time, at a higher temperature compared to typical storage conditions. In certain embodiments, suchsuperior chemical stability of the peptides described herein are advantageous for storing pharmaceutical compositions or formulations comprising the peptides, particularly if long-term storage or storage at particular conditions such as high temperature is needed.

[0192] In certain embodiments, the chemical stability of the peptides described herein are advantageous for maintaining stability and bioavailability of the peptides over time when administered to a subject. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein exhibit high chemical stability as shown by low or undetectable aggregate formation, for example, as observed based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)- ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy of a solution comprising the provided peptides. In certain embodiments, the peptides described herein have a % purity loss (as indicated by the difference in the area under the...

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED:

1. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) (SEQ ID NO:64): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I’), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- ( -each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); i, n, v, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and u are each independently 14-20; s is 1-36; k is 2-16; r is 1, 2, 3, or 4; a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The peptide of claim 1 comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii’) (SEQ ID NO:65): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2’ wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3;p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

3. The peptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia’) (SEQ ID NO:66): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia’), wherein:RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus; and with the proviso that one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

4. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1’) (SEQ ID NO:67): RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1’), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe;R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

5. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2’) (SEQ ID NO:68): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-2’), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

6. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3’) (SEQ ID NO:69): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-wherein: R2is selected from Gly, and Pro; R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H or -(2-[2-(2- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-O-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-X; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); n, v, and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; s is 1-36; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

7. The peptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib’) (SEQ ID NO:70): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-R23-R24- R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ib’), wherein: R3is selected from dK*, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I;R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, Ac4c, and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein:Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl);a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if R3is dK*, K* is not present; with further proviso that if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*.

8. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, or 7, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1’) (SEQ ID NO:71): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1’), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: K*Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X, -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)w-NH)y-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d- (CO)-(CH2)q-X, or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His;X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

9. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, or 7, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I’) or (Ii’) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2’) (SEQ ID NO:72): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2’), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; - ( -each Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H, -P(O)(OH)2, -S(O)2NH2, or -(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); a, b, y, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20;w is 1-36; h is 2-16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

10. A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (I) (SEQ ID NO:56): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein:RLis -(Z)i-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)-(CH2)p-X or -((CO)-(PEG)k-(CH2)2-NH)r-(gGlu)t-(CO)-(CH2)u-X; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; i, n, m, j, and t are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and u are each independently 14-20; k is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; r is 1, 2, 3, or 4; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN,R2 and R3 is RL; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof .

11. The peptide of claim 10 comprising an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ii) (SEQ ID NO:73): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- R23-R24-R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(I),wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, dK*, Gly, 6-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), Gln, L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (DAP), gGlu, Glu, d(Lys), and Lys, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-methyl Ile (N-Me-I); R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, (1-amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac4c), and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; R42is K* or absent; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus;Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if dK* or K* is present, RLis not present and (i) R3is dK* or (ii) only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*; with the further proviso that if RLis present, dK* and K* are not present and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

12. The peptide of claim 10 or 11, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia) (SEQ ID NO:57): RN-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia), wherein: RNis RLor absent; R2is selected from RL, Gly, and Pro, or absent; R3is selected from RL, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln;R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus; and with the proviso that one and only one of RN, R2and R3is RL.

13. The peptide of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-1) (SEQ ID NO:58): RL-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-1), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

14. The peptide of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-2) (SEQ ID NO:59): RL-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg-wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

15. The peptide of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ia-3) (SEQ ID NO:60): RL-R2-R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala- Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ia-3), wherein: R2is selected from Gly, and Pro; R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe;R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein: RLis -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-(gGlu)m-(CO)-(CH2)p-CO2H; n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; p is 14-20; wherein the linkage to RLis via the nitrogen of the N-terminus.

16. The peptide of claim 10 or 11, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib) (SEQ ID NO:61): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-R13-R14-R15-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-R23-R24- R25-Ala-Ala-R28-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-R33-Asn-Ala-R36-R37-R38-R39-R40-R41-R42-NH2(Ib), wherein: R3is selected from dK*, Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R13is selected from Gly, and K*; R14is selected from Leu, and K*; R15is selected from Gln, and K*; R16is selected from Gln, Arg, and K*; R20is selected from Glu, Gln, and K*; R23is selected from Arg, and K*; R24is selected from Ala, and K*; R25is selected from Arg, and K*; R28is selected from Arg, and K*; R32is selected from Glu, Thr, and K*; R33is selected from Thr, and K*; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, Arg, and K*; R37is selected from Ile, and K*; R38is selected from Leu, Phe, Nle, and K*; R39is selected from Glu, and K*; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, Ac4c, and K*; R41is selected from Ile, and Val;R42is K* or absent; and wherein: d-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and with the proviso that if R3is dK*, K* is not present; with further proviso that if dK* is not present, one and only one of R13,R14,R15,R16,R20,R23,R24,R25,R28,R32,R33,R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, and R42is K*.

17. The peptide of any one of claims 10, 11, or 16, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-1) (SEQ ID NO:62): R3-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-K*-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-1), wherein: R3is selected from Gly, EACA, TXA, Gln, DAP, gGlu, d(Lys), Lys, and Glu, or absent; R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg;R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val; and wherein:Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

18. The peptide of any one of claims 10, 11, or 16, wherein the amino acid sequence of Formula (I) or (Ii) is an amino acid sequence of Formula (Ib-2) (SEQ ID NO:63): dK*-R4-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gln-R16-Ile-Leu-Leu-R20-Gln-Ala-Arg- Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-R32-Thr-Asn-Ala-R36-Ile-R38-Glu-R40-R41-NH2(Ib-2), wherein: R4is selected from Ile, and N-Me-I; R16is selected from Gln, and Arg; R20is selected from Glu, and Gln; R32is selected from Glu, and Thr; R36is selected from Glu, Gln, and Arg; R38is selected from Nle, Leu, and Phe; R40is selected from Glu, Thr, Ser, and Ac4c; R41is selected from Ile, and Val;dK* is; Rzis -(Z)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(Trx)d-(CO)-(CH2)q-X or -((CO)-(PEG)h-(CH2)2-NH)f-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-X; Z is independently Gly, Glu, gGlu, Lys, eLys, Ala, Gln, or His; X is -CO2H or -P(O)(OH)2; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; q and g are each independently 14-20; h is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16; f is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

19. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3 and 10 to 12, wherein RNis absent.

20. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 10 to 12, 15, and 19, wherein R2is Gly.

21. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, 6, 10 to 12, 15, and 19, wherein R2is Pro.

22. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3, 10 to 12, and 19, wherein R2is absent.

23. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is Gly.

24. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is EACA.

25. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is TXA.

26. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is Gln.

27. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is DAP.

28. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is gGlu.

29. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is Glu.

30. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is d(Lys).

31. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is Lys.

32. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 10 to 13, 15 to 17, and 19 to 22, wherein R3is absent.

33. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein R4is Ile.

34. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein R4is N-Me-I.

35. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, and 19 to 34, wherein R13is Gly.

36. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, and 19 to 34, wherein R13is K*.

37. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, and 19 to 35, wherein R14is Leu.

38. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, and 19 to 35, wherein R14is K*.

39. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, and 37, wherein R15is Gln.

40. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, and 37, wherein R15isK*.

41. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein R16is Gln.

42. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein R16is Arg.

43. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, and 39, wherein R16is K*.

44. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein R20is Glu.

45. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein R20is Gln.

46. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, and 42, wherein R20is K*.

47. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, and 45, wherein R23is Arg.

48. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, and 45, wherein R23is K*. 4 The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, and 47, wherein R24is Ala.

50. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, and 47, wherein R24is K*.

51. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, and 49, wherein R25is Arg.

52. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, and 49, wherein R25is K*.

53. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, and 51, wherein R28is Arg.

54. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, and 51, wherein R28is K*.

55. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein R32is Glu.

56. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein R32is Thr.

57. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53, wherein R32is K*.

58. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, and 56, wherein R33is Thr.

59. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, and 56, wherein R33is K*.

60. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein R36is Glu.

61. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein R36is Gln.

62. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein R36is Arg.

63. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, and 58, wherein R36is K*.

64. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, and 60 to 62, wherein R37is Ile.

65. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, and 60 to 62, wherein R37is K*.

66. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 65, wherein R38is Leu.

67. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 65, wherein R38is Phe.

68. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 65, wherein R38is NIe.

69. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, and 64, wherein R38is K*.

70. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, and 66 to 68 , wherein R39 is Glu.

71. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, and 66 to 68 , wherein R39 is K*.

72. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein R40is Glu.

73. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein R40is Thr.

74. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein R40is Ser.

75. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein R40is Ac4c.

76. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, and 70 , wherein R40 is K*.

77. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 76, wherein R41is Ile.

78. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 76, wherein R41is Val.

79. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, 70, 72 to 75, 77, and 78 , wherein R42 is K*.

80. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, 16, 19 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, 70, 72 to 75, 77, and 78 , wherein R42 isabsent.

81. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 6, 10 to 15, 19 to 31, 33 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42,44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, 70, 72 to 75, 77, 78, and 80 , wherein:(i) n is 1, m is 1, p is 18; (ii) n is 2, m is 1, p is 18; (iii) n is 3, m is 1, p is 18; (iv) n is 0, m is 1, p is 18; (v) n is 1, m is 2, p is 18; (vi) n is 2, m is 2, p is 18; (vii) n is 3, m is 2, p is 18; (viii) n is 0, m is 2, p is 18; (ix) n is 1, m is 3, p is 18; (x) n is 2, m is 3, p is 18; (xi) n is 3, m is 3, p is 18; (xii) n is 0, m is 3, p is 18; (xiii) n is 1, m is 0, p is 18; (xiv) n is 2, m is 0, p is 18; (xv) n is 3, m is 0, p is 18; (xvi) n is 1, m is 1, p is 16; (xvii) n is 2, m is 1, p is 16; (xviii) n is 3, m is 1, p is 16; (xix) n is 0, m is 1, p is 16; (xx) n is 1, m is 2, p is 16; (xxi) n is 2, m is 2, p is 16; (xxii) n is 3, m is 2, p is 16; (xxiii) n is 0, m is 2, p is 16; (xxiv) n is 1, m is 3, p is 16; (xxv) n is 2, m is 3, p is 16; (xxvi) n is 3, m is 3, p is 16; (xxvii) n is 0, m is 3, p is 16; (xxviii)n is 1, m is 0, p is 16; (xxix) n is 2, m is 0, p is 16; or(xxx) n is 3, m is 0, p is 16.

82. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 6, 19 to 31, 33 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, 70, 72 to 75, 77, 78, and 80, wherein RLis -(Z)i- (2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)n-((CO)-CH2-(PEG)s-NH)v-(gGlu)m-(Trx)j-(CO)- (CH2)p-X, and wherein: (i) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18; (ii) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18; (iii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18; (iv) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 18; (v) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18; (vi) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18; (vii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18; (viii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 18; (ix) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18; (x) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18; (xi) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18; (xii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 18; (xiii) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18; (xiv) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18; (xv) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 18; (xvi) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16; (xvii) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16; (xviii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16; (xix) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 16; (xx) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16; (xxi) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16; (xxii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16; (xxiii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 16; (xxiv) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16; (xxv) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16; (xxvi) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16; (xxvii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 16; (xxviii) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16;(xxix) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16; (xxx) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 16; (xxxi) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxii) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxiii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxiv) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 1, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxv) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxvi) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxvii) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxviii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 2, j is 0, p is 20; (xxxix) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20; (xl) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20; (xli) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20; (xlii) i is 0, n is 0, v is 0 or 1, m is 3, j is 0, p is 20; (xliii) i is 0, n is 1, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20; (xliv) i is 0, n is 2, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20; or (xlv) i is 0, n is 3, v is 0 or 1, m is 0, j is 0, p is 20.

83. The peptide of any one of claims 10 to 15, 19 to 31, 33 to 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45,47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 to 62, 64, 66 to 68, 70, 72 to 75, 77, 78, and 80 , wherein RL is(i) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H; (ii) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H; (iii) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu2-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H; (iv) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu3-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H; (v) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H; (vi) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-CO2H; (vii) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-P(O)(OH)2; (viii) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-S(O)2NH2;(ix) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-gGlu-(CO)-(CH2)20-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl); or (x) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(CO)-CH2-(PEG)11-NH-gGlu-(CO)- (CH2)20-CO2H.

84. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 17 to 80, wherein: (i) b is 2, c is 1, d is 0;(ii) b is 2, c is 2, d is 0; (iii) b is 1, c is 1, d is 0; (iv) b is 0, c is 1, d is 1; (v) b is 2, c is 1, d is 1; or (vi) b is 1, c is 1, d is 1.

85. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 17 to 80, wherein Rzis - (eLys)a-(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)b-(gGlu)c-(CO)-(CH2)q-X.

86. The peptide of claim 85, wherein a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2 and c is 1 or 2.

87. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 17 to 80, wherein Rzis (i) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)-(CH2)16-CO2H; or (ii) -(2-[2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetyl)2-(gGlu)-(CO)-(CH2)18-CO2H.

88. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 17 to 80, wherein Rzis – (CO)-(PEG)12-(CH2)2-NH-(gGlu)e-(CO)-(CH2)g-CO2H.

89. The peptide of claim 88, wherein e is 1 or 2 and g is 16 or 18.

90. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 3 and 10 to 12, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, or SEQ ID NO:

25.

91. The peptide of any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 10, 11, and 16, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:55.

92. A peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:

55.

93. A peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, or SEQ ID NO:

55.

94. A compound comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93.

95. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the peptide of any one of claims 2 to 93 or thecompound of claim 94.

96. A formulation comprising the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

97. A formulation comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, inadmixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

98. A method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97.

99. The method of claim 98, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from: (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia, gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity- induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age-related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder.

100. The method of claim 98 or 99, wherein the treatment results in the combination of weight loss and the preservation or building of muscle mass.

101. A method of reducing body weight, increasing weight loss, reducing body weight without loss of muscle mass, reducing body weight while preserving or building muscle mass, and / or preserving or building muscle mass in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97.

102. A method of reducing food intake and / or inducing satiety in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97.

103. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 for use intreating a disease or disorder.

104. The peptide, the compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or the formulation for use of claim 103, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from: (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia, gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity-induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age-related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder.

105. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 for use inreducing body weight, increasing weight loss, reducing body weight without loss of muscle mass, reducing body weight while preserving or building muscle mass, and / or preserving or building muscle mass in a subject.

106. The peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 for use inreducing food intake and / or inducing satiety in a subject.

107. Use of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 in themanufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder.

108. The use of claim 107, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from: (i) type 2 diabetes, type-2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance, rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders, skin inflammation, acute inflammatory response due to gram-negative bacteria in the colon, sarcopenia, gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea; (ii) a disease associated with excess body weight selected from obesity, obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, obesity-linked inflammation, obesity-linked sarcopenia, obesity-linked gallbladder disease, and obesity- induced sleep apnea; (iii) a skeletal muscle wasting disease or age-related muscle loss; (iv) muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; (v) a cardiovascular disease wherein the cardiovascular disease is selected from heart failure, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke; (vi) chronic kidney disease and / or diabetic kidney disease; (vii) myalgic encephalomyelitis; (viii) addiction / nicotine withdrawal syndrome; (ix) acute pancreatitis; (x) Prader-Willi syndrome; (xi) Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS); (xii) Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) or Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); (xiii) anxiety, depression, or stress; (xiv) chronic fatigue syndrome; (xv) muscle atrophy; (xvi) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); and (xvii) alcohol use disorder.

109. The use of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, thepharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 in themanufacture of a medicament for reducing body weight, increasing weight loss, reducing body weight without loss of muscle mass, reducing body weight while preserving or building muscle mass, and / or preserving or building muscle mass in a subject.

110. The use of the peptide of any one of claims 1 to 93, the compound of claim 94, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of claim 95, or the formulation of claim 96 or 97 in the manufacture of a medicament for reducing food intake and / or inducing satiety in a subject.

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