Devices and methods of communication
By managing candidate TAGs and optimizing TA/TAT within the terminal device and network device, the challenges of incomplete conditional LTM are addressed, reducing mobility latency and improving LTM efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
The implementation of conditional Layer 1/2 triggered mobility (LTM) is incomplete, with unclear methods for reducing timing advance (TA) and time alignment timer (TAT) management, initiating conditional LTM, and supporting RACH-less conditional LTM recovery.
A terminal device receives information of candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) from a network device, applies timing advance commands based on these groups, and manages candidate TAGs to reduce complexity, while a network device transmits candidate TAG information across DUs for unified management.
This approach reduces mobility latency by optimizing TA and TAT management, enabling efficient conditional LTM and RACH-less recovery, thereby enhancing mobility procedures.
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Figure CN2024121226_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices and methods of communication for mobility management.BACKGROUND
[0002] Layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) is a mobility procedure in which a network device receives a L1 measurement report from a terminal device, and changes the terminal device’s serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) . The LTM procedure may be used to reduce mobility latency. To further reduce mobility latency, it is proposed recently to support conditional LTM. For conditional LTM, a cell switch is not triggered by the MAC CE, but by a condition fulfilled at the terminal device side. However, implementation of conditional LTM is still incomplete and need to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage media of communication for mobility management.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, information of one or more candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) of at least one candidate cell, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance (TA) value; and in accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a center unit (CU) of a network device. The CU comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the CU to: receive, from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU; receive, from a second DU of the network device, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU; and transmit, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: in accordance with a determination that a L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, determine that a LTM cell switch procedure is triggered; and indicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection, perform an operation comprising: indicating, from a radio resource control (RRC) layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the terminal device to: in accordance with a determination that a first LTM cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, apply a configuration associated with the source cell; and in accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, perform a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, information of one or more TAGs of at least one candidate cell, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value; and in accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, applying the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a CU of a network device and from a first DU of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU; receiving, from a second DU of the network device, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU; and transmitting, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: in accordance with a determination that a L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, determining, at a terminal device, that a LTM cell switch procedure is triggered; and indicating, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection, performing, at a terminal device, an operation comprising: indicating, from a RRC layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a method of communication. The method comprises: in accordance with a determination that a first LTM cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, applying, at a terminal device, a configuration associated with the source cell; and in accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, performing a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the sixth to tenth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for candidate TAG management according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication for candidate TAG management according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication for conditional LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication for conditional LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process of communication for LTM recovery according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method of communication implemented at a CU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of another example method of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0028] FIG. 12 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0032] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of things (IoT) devices, ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for integrated access and backhaul (IAB) , small data transmission (SDT) , mobility, multicast and broadcast services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , space borne vehicles or air borne vehicles in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and high altitude platforms (HAPs) encompassing unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) , extended reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple subscriber identity module (SIM) as known as multi-SIM. The term ‘terminal device’ can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0033] The term ‘network device’ refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , network-controlled repeaters, and the like.
[0034] The terminal device or the network device may have artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0035] The terminal or network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz to 7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connections with the network devices under multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0036] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0037] In one embodiment, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In one embodiment, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In one embodiment, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In one embodiment, information A may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and information B may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In one embodiment, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0038] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. For example, A and / or B may indicate cases includes ‘only A’ , ‘both A and B’ , and ‘only B’ . The term ‘at least one of the following items’ or a similar expression thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, ‘at least one of A, B, or C’ may represent A, B, C, ‘A and B’ , ‘A and C’ , ‘B and C’ , or ‘A, B and C’ . A / B may refer to A or B. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0039] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0040] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘a cell switch’ may be interchangeably used with ‘reconfiguration with sync for secondary cell group (SCG) or master cell group (MCG) ’ or ‘a cell change’ . The term ‘primary secondary cell (PSCell) ’ refers to a special cell (SpCell) of a SCG, the term ‘primary cell (PCell) ’ refers to a SpCell of a MCG, and the term ‘SpCell’ refers to a primary cell of a SCG or MCG. The term ‘secondary cell (SCell) ’ refers to a secondary cell. The term ‘lower-layer signaling’ may be interchangeably used with ‘L1 / L2 signaling’ . The term ‘RRC reconfiguration’ may be interchangeably used with ‘RRC reconfiguration message’ . The term ‘L1 measurement’ may be interchangeably used with ‘physical layer measurement’ . The term ‘target candidate cell’ herein may be interchangeably used with ‘target cell’ , ‘candidate target cell’ . The term ‘candidate cell’ herein may refer to ‘LTM candidate cell’ or ‘conditional handover (CHO) candidate cell’ . The term ‘reference signal’ herein may refer to ‘beam’ . A reference signal may be a synchronization signals / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH, or SSB) or channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) . The term “LTM cell switch without a random access procedure” may be referred to as ‘RACH-less LTM cell switch’ . The term ‘identity’ can be interchangeably used with ‘index’ or ‘ID’ . The term ‘associated with’ may be interchangeably used with ‘for’ .
[0041] In the context of the present disclosure, the term ‘TA value’ may be interchangeably used by ‘value of TA’ , or ‘TA between downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) ’ or ‘NTA’ . The term ‘TAG’ may refer to a group of serving cells that is configured by RRC and that, for the cells with a UL configured, using the same timing reference cell and the same TA value. A TAG containing the SpCell of a MAC entity is referred to as primary timing advance group (PTAG) , whereas the term ‘secondary timing advance group (STAG) ’ refers to other TAGs. The term ‘time alignment timer (TAT) ’ (per TAG) may refer to a timer which controls how long the MAC entity considers the serving cells associated to the TAG to be uplink time aligned for the TAG. The term ‘candidate TAG’ may refer to a group of candidate cells that is configured by RRC and that, using the same timing reference cell and the same TA value. The term ‘candidate TAT’ (per candidate TAG) may refer to a timer which controls how long the MAC entity considers the candidate cells associated to the candidate TAG to be uplink time aligned for the candidate TAG. That is, a candidate time alignment timer controls a time period in which a group of candidate cells of a candidate TAG are uplink timing aligned.
[0042] As mentioned above, LTM is a procedure in which a network device (e.g., gNB) receives L1 measurement report (s) from a terminal device (e.g., UE) , and on their basis the network device changes the terminal device’s serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a MAC CE. The cell switch command indicates an LTM candidate cell configuration that the network device previously prepared and provided to the terminal device through an RRC signaling. Then the terminal device switches to a target cell according to the cell switch command.
[0043] The network device indicates in the cell switch command whether the terminal device accesses the target cell with a random access (RA) procedure if a TA value is not provided or with a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission using an indicated TA value. For random access channel (RACH) -less LTM, the terminal device may access the target cell via a configured grant (CG) provided in the RRC signaling and selects a CG occasion associated with a beam indicated in the cell switch command. If the terminal device does not receive the CG in the RRC signaling, the terminal device may monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for dynamic scheduling from the target cell upon LTM cell switch.
[0044] To further reduce mobility latency, conditional LTM is proposed. For conditional LTM, a cell switch is not triggered by an MAC CE, but by a condition fulfilled at a terminal device side. However, implementation of conditional LTM is still incomplete. For example, it is unclear how to reduce TA and TAT maintained at a terminal device side for candidate cells. It is also unclear how to initiate conditional LTM. Further, it is unclear how to trigger LTM recovery and how to support RACH-less conditional LTM recovery.
[0045] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for mobility management so as to overcome the above and other potential issues.
[0046] In one aspect, a network device may transmit, to a terminal device, information of one or more candidate TAGs of at least one candidate cell. Each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value. In accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, the terminal device may apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command. In this way, TA adjustment of candidate cells based on a candidate TAG for candidate cells may be carried out.
[0047] In another aspect, a first DU of a network device may transmit, to a CU of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU. A second DU of the network device may transmit, to the CU, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU. The CU may transmit, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU. Each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value. In this way, management of a candidate TAG for candidate cells on F1 interface may be achieved.
[0048] In another aspect, in accordance with a determination that a L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, a terminal device may determine that a LTM cell switch procedure is triggered. Upon determination that the LTM cell switch procedure is triggered, the terminal device may indicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event. In this way, initiation of conditional LTM may be carried out.
[0049] In another aspect, in accordance with a determination that a terminal device initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection, the terminal device may perform an operation comprising: indicating, from a RRC layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure. In this way, RACH-less conditional LTM recovery may be carried out.
[0050] In another aspect, in accordance with a determination that a first LTM cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, a terminal device may apply a configuration associated with the source cell. In accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, the terminal device may perform a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell. In this way, LTM recovery may be well performed.
[0051] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0052] EXAMPLE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK
[0053] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 and network devices 120 and 130. The network device 120 may provide one or more cells (cells 122-1, 122-2, 123-1, and 123-2 as shown) to serve one or more terminal devices. The network device 130 may also provide one or more cells (not shown) to serve one or more terminal devices.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 1, the network device 120 may comprise a CU 121 and DUs 122 and 123. The CU 121 may communicate with the DUs 122 and 123. It is to be understood that the two DUs 122 and 123 are shown only for illustration, and more or less DUs may also be provided for implementation of embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0055] As shown in FIG. 1, the DU 122 provides the cells 122-1 and 122-2 and the DU 123 provides the cells 123-1 and 123-2. It is to be understood that this is merely an example, and any of the DUs 122 and 123 may provide more or less cells. The terminal device 110 may communicate with any of these cells. In this example, the terminal device 110 is located in the cell 123-1 and served by the network device 120.
[0056] Although not shown, the network device 130 may comprise a CU and one or more DUs as described in connection with the network device 120. Alternatively, the network device 130 may not be implemented in a CU-DU architecture, and may be implemented in an integrated architecture as shown.
[0057] The CU 121 may communicate with the network device 130. In some embodiments where the network device 130 comprises a CU and one or more DUs, the CU 121 may communicate with the CU of the network device 130.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may further include a core network (CN) 135. The terminal device 110 may communicate with the CN 135 via the network device 120 and / or the network device 130. In this example, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the CU 121 via the DU 123 and the CU 121 may further communicate with the CN 135.
[0059] It is to be understood that the number of devices or cells or CUs or DUs in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and / or terminal devices and / or cells and / or CUs and / or DUs adapted for implementing implementations of the present disclosure.
[0060] The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-evolution, LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , new radio (NR) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE radio access network (GERAN) , machine type communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0061] Communication in a direction from the terminal device 110 towards the network device 120 is referred to as UL communication, while communication in a reverse direction from the network device 120 towards the terminal device 110 is referred to as DL communication. The terminal device 110 may move amongst the cells of the network devices 120 and 130 and possibly other network devices. In UL communication, the terminal device 110 may transmit UL data and control information to the network device 120 or 130 via a UL channel. In DL communication, the network device 120 or 130 may transmit DL data and control information to the terminal device 110 via a DL channel.
[0062] With reference to FIG. 1, a CU (e.g., the CU 121) may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of RRC, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entities, and a DU (e.g., the DU 122 or 123 may be responsible for accomplishing functionalities of the RLC entity, the MAC entity and the PHY entity. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, a CU and a DU may be implemented in the same device. In some embodiments, different DUs may be implemented in separate devices. In some embodiments, different CUs are implemented in separate devices.
[0063] In the context of the present disclosure, a CU (also referred to as a gNB-CU herein) is a logic node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of a gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of an en-gNB that controls operation of one or more DUs (also referred to as gNB-DUs herein) . The gNB-CU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. A DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates a F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0064] Continuing to refer to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be located within the coverage of the cell 123-1, and the terminal device 110 may communicate with the DU 123 of the network device 120 based on a network configuration. In this case, the cell 123-1 may be referred to as a serving cell of the terminal device 110. Other cells such as the cells 122-1, 122-2 and 123-2 may be referred to as candidate cells of the terminal device 110.
[0065] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may establish a dual connection (i.e., simultaneous connection) with the network device 120 and the network device 130. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a master node (MN) . In these embodiments, the terminal device 110 may communicate with the network device 120 via a set of serving cells. The set of serving cells form a MCG, and a primary cell in the MCG is called as PCell. In some scenarios, the PCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131 when an execution condition of the cell 131 for PCell change is fulfilled. This is called as a conditional handover (CHO) .
[0066] In some embodiments, the network device 120 may serve as a secondary node (SN) . In these embodiments, the set of serving cells provided by the network device 120 form an SCG, and a primary cell in the SCG is called as PSCell. In some scenarios, the PSCell may be changed from the cell 123-1 to the cell 131. This is called as a PSCell change.
[0067] In some scenarios, the network device 120 may receive L1 measurement reports from the terminal device 110. Based on the L1 measurement reports, the network device 120 may change a serving cell of the terminal device 110 through a MAC CE. This procedure is called as LTM. The network device 120 may prepare one or multiple candidate cells and provides candidate cell configurations to the terminal device 110 through an RRC message. Then an LTM cell switch is triggered by selecting one of the candidate cell configurations as a target configuration for the LTM by the network device 120.
[0068] In some scenarios, the terminal device 110 may perform an evaluation for a set of candidate cells allowing LTM by L1 measurements on the set of candidate cells. If an execution condition of a cell switch to a candidate cell is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may change a serving cell (e.g., PCell or PSCell) of the terminal device 110 to the candidate cell. This procedure is called as conditional LTM herein.
[0069] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of communication for mobility management so as to enhance implementation of a mobility procedure. More details will be described with reference to FIGs. 2 to 3 below.
[0070] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF CANDIDATE TAG MANAGEMENT
[0071] Currently, at most 4 timing advance groups can be configured for a terminal device in one cell group. For LTM, at most 8 candidate cells can be configured. If for each of the LTM candidate cells, a terminal device maintains one TA and one time alignment timer, even if the LTM candidate cells are from the same TRP and the same DU, complexity at a terminal device side will be increased significantly.
[0072] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure introduce a candidate TAG for candidate cells, such that a terminal device only needs to maintain one TA and one TAT for the candidate cells in the candidate TAG. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of management of the candidate TAG. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 2 below.
[0073] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication for candidate TAG management according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 and also provides one or more candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 210, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, information of one or more candidate TAGs of at least one candidate cell. In some embodiments, the at least one candidate cell may be one or more LTM candidate cells. In some embodiments, the at least one candidate cell may be one or more CHO candidate cells.
[0075] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may be comprised in a RRC reconfiguration message from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may be comprised in a LTM configuration (e.g., an information element (IE) ‘LTM-config’ ) of the RRC reconfiguration message. It is to be noted that the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may also be transmitted in any other suitable ways.
[0076] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise a configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs. In some embodiments, the configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information of an association between a TAG of a serving cell and a candidate TAG. For example, the configuration may comprise an ID of the TAG which is associated with one candidate TAG.
[0077] In some embodiments, the configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information of a set of candidate TAGs to be added or modified. In some embodiments, the information of the set of candidate TAGs to be added or modified may comprise an ID (also referred to as candidate TAG ID herein) of each candidate TAG to be added or modified. In some embodiments, a value of the candidate TAG ID may be 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. In some embodiments, a value of the candidate cell ID may be 4, 5, 6, 7, etc.
[0078] In some embodiments, the information of the set of candidate TAGs to be added or modified may comprise a value of a candidate TAT for a candidate TAG. In some embodiments, if a candidate TAG is to be added (the candidate TAG is not part of the current configuration of the terminal device 110) , the terminal device 110 may add the candidate TAG, corresponding to the candidate TAG ID, in accordance with the received candidate TAT. If a candidate TAG is to be modified (the candidate TAG is part of the current configuration of the terminal device 110) , the terminal device 110 may reconfigure the candidate TAG, corresponding to the candidate TAG ID, in accordance with the received candidate TAT.
[0079] In some embodiments, the configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information of a set of candidate TAGs to be released. In some embodiments, the information of the set of candidate TAGs to be released may comprise an ID (i.e., candidate TAG ID) of each candidate TAG to be released. In some embodiments, if a candidate TAG to be released is part of the current configuration of the terminal device 110, the terminal device 110 may release the candidate TAG indicated.
[0080] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information (also referred to as first association information herein) of an association between at least one candidate configuration associated with the at least one candidate cell and the one or more candidate TAGs. In some embodiments, the at least one LTM configuration may comprise at least one LTM candidate configuration (e.g., an IE ‘LTM-Candidate’ ) associated with one LTM candidate cell. The first association information may be comprised in the at least one LTM candidate configuration. For example, the at least one LTM candidate configuration may comprise one or two candidate TAG IDs, which are associated with the at least one LTM candidate configuration / cell.
[0081] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information (also referred to as second association information herein) of an association between a set of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states of a candidate configuration (e.g., LTM candidate configuration) and the one or more candidate TAGs. In some embodiments, the candidate configuration may comprise a list of TCI state configurations or UL TCI state configurations, and each (UL) TCI state configuration in the list of (UL) TCI state configurations may comprise the second association information. For example, the TCI state configuration or UL TCI state configuration in the list of TCI state configurations or UL TCI state configurations may comprise one candidate TAG ID, which is associated with the TCI state configuration or the UL TCI state configuration.
[0082] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also receive information of an association between reference signals and TCI states. Based on the information of the association between reference signals and TCI states and the second association information, the terminal device 110 may determine information of an association between the reference signals and candidate TAGs. For example, the terminal device 110 determines that one reference signal is associated with one TCI state, then determines a candidate TAG associated with the TCI state, and therefore determines the reference signal is associated with the candidate TAG.
[0083] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise information (also referred to as third association information herein) of an association between a set of reference signals of a candidate configuration (e.g., LTM candidate configuration) and the one or more candidate TAGs. In some embodiments, the candidate configuration may comprise information of a list of reference signals. For example, the information of the list of reference signals may comprise an ID of a reference signal, and an ID of one candidate TAG associated with the reference signal.
[0084] Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 220, upon reception of a timing advance command, the terminal device may apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.
[0085] In some embodiments, as shown in step 221, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a timing advance command associated with an ID (i.e., candidate TAG ID) of a candidate TAG. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a MAC CE or a random access response (RAR) or a message B (MsgB) containing the timing advance command and the ID (i.e., candidate TAG ID) of the candidate TAG.
[0086] At step 222, upon reception of the timing advance command, i.e., upon determination that the timing advance command is received, the terminal device 110 may apply or store or maintain the timing advance command for the candidate TAG contained in the timing advance command. In some embodiments, the timing advance command may be received from a source cell. In some embodiments, the timing advance command may be received from a LTM candidate cell.
[0087] In some embodiments, upon reception of the MAC CE or RAR or MsgB containing the timing advance command and the ID of the candidate TAG, the terminal device 110 may start or restart a candidate TAT for with the candidate TAG.
[0088] In some embodiments, as shown in step 223, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a timing advance command associated with a TAG of a serving cell. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit, to the terminal device 110, a timing advance command MAC CE or a RAR or a MsgB containing the timing advance command and an ID of the TAG of the serving cell. The TAG of the serving cell is associated with a candidate TAG.
[0089] At step 224, upon reception of the timing advance command for the TAG of the serving cell, the terminal device 110 may apply or store or maintain the timing advance command for the candidate TAG associated with the TAG of the serving cell. In some embodiments, the timing advance command may be received from a source cell. In some embodiments, the timing advance command may be received from a LTM candidate cell.
[0090] In some embodiments, upon reception of the MAC CE or RAR or MsgB containing the timing advance command for the TAG associated with the candidate TAG, the terminal device 110 may start or restart a candidate TAT for the candidate TAG.
[0091] With the process 200, TA adjustment of candidate cells based on a candidate TAG for the candidate cells may be carried out. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 2 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0092] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPACT OF CANDIDATE TAG ON F1 INTERFACE
[0093] Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a solution of candidate TAG management on F1 interface. The solution will be described below in connection with FIG. 3.
[0094] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 300 of communication for candidate TAG management according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 300 may involve the CU 121 and two DUs (e.g., the DU 122 or 123) of the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 and also provides one or more candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 3, at step 310, the DU 122 may transmit, to the CU 121, grouping information (also referred to as first grouping information herein) of one or more candidate cells of the DU 122.
[0096] In some embodiments, the first grouping information may indicate the one or more LTM candidate cells of the DU 122 are in a candidate TAG (i.e., are in the same group for TA) . In some embodiments, the first grouping information may indicate an ID (also referred to as a first ID herein) allocated for the candidate TAG. In some embodiments, the first grouping information may indicate a value of a candidate TAT for the candidate TAG. For example, the first grouping information may be at least one or two DU allocated ID for the candidate TAG of one or more candidate cells, and the value of the candidate TAT. It is to be noted that the first grouping information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0097] In some embodiments, the DU 122 may transmit, the CU 121, a message including the first grouping information. The message may be a UE context setup response message or UE context modification response message. In some embodiments, the first grouping information may be included in a configuration for LTM for one accepted candidate cell (e.g., an IE ‘LTM Configuration’ ) of the message. In some embodiments, the first grouping information may be included in early sync information for the accepted candidate cell (e.g., an IE ‘Early Sync Information’ ) of the message.
[0098] At step 320, the DU 123 may transmit, to the CU 121, grouping information (also referred to as second grouping information herein) of one or more candidate cells of the DU 123.
[0099] In some embodiments, the second grouping information may indicate the one or more LTM candidate cells of the DU 123 are in a candidate TAG (i.e., are in the same group for TA) . In some embodiments, the second grouping information may indicate an ID (also referred to as a second ID herein) allocated for the candidate TAG. In some embodiments, the second grouping information may indicate a value of a candidate TAT for the candidate TAG. For example, the second grouping information may be at least one or two DU allocated ID for the candidate TAG of one or more candidate cells, and the value of the candidate TAT. It is to be noted that the second grouping information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0100] In some embodiments, the DU 123 may transmit, the CU 121, a message including the second grouping information. The message may be a UE context setup response message or UE context modification response message. In some embodiments, the second grouping information may be included in a configuration for LTM for one accepted candidate cell (e.g., an IE ‘LTM Configuration’ ) of the message. In some embodiments, the second grouping information may be included in early sync information for the accepted candidate cell (e.g., an IE ‘Early Sync Information’ ) of the message.
[0101] At step 330, the CU 121 may transmit, to the DU 122, information (also referred to as third grouping information herein) of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the DU 122 and the one or more candidate cells of the DU 123. At step 340, the CU 121 may also transmit, to the DU 123, the information (i.e., the third grouping information) of the one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the DU 122 and the one or more candidate cells of the DU 123. In some embodiments, the third grouping information may indicate mapping between the candidate TAG and candidate cells of the DUs (e.g., DU 122 and DU 123) .
[0102] In some embodiments, the third grouping information may comprise an ID (also referred to as a third ID herein) of each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs. For example, the third grouping information may comprise the third ID of candidate TAG associated with each of candidate cells of the DU 122 and DU 123. In some embodiments, the third grouping information may comprise a value of a candidate TAT for each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs. For example, the third grouping information may be one or two candidate TAG IDs and one or more associated values of candidate TATs for the candidate cells of the DUs. It is to be noted that the third grouping information may comprise any combinations of the above information.
[0103] In some embodiments, the CU 121 may transmit a message including the third grouping information. The message may be a UE context modification request message or a UE context modification confirm message. In some embodiments, the third grouping information may be included in early sync candidate cell information of the message.
[0104] With the process 300, impact of a candidate TAG on F1 interface may be considered and management of a candidate TAG for candidate cells on F1 interface may be achieved. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 3 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0105] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF INITIATION OF CONDITIONAL LTM
[0106] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of initiating condition LTM. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 4 below.
[0107] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 400 of communication for conditional LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 400 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 and also provides one or more candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 4, at step 410, the network device 120 may transmit a LTM configuration to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a set of LTM candidate configurations for a set of candidate cells allowing LTM. Each LTM candidate configuration in the set of LTM candidate configurations may be associated with one LTM candidate cell. In some embodiments, the network device 120 may also transmit a configuration of a L1 measurement based event to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise the configuration of the L1 measurement based event. In some embodiments, one LTM candidate configuration of the set of LTM candidate configurations may comprise the configuration of the L1 measurement based event associated with the LTM candidate configuration.
[0109] At step 420, the terminal device 110 may determine that the L1 measurement based event is fulfilled.
[0110] At step 430, the terminal device 110 may determine that a LTM cell switch procedure associated with one LTM candidate configuration / cell (may be also referred to as SpCell of a LTM target candidate configuration, or target candidate cell) is triggered. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may indicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an ID associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0111] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may receive the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event from the network device 120. In some embodiments, the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event may be included in the LTM configuration or LTM candidate configuration. In some embodiments, the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event may be included in the configuration of the L1 measurement event.
[0112] For example, if a reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) of the LTM candidate cell fulfills a condition associated with the L1 measurement based event, a MAC layer of the terminal device 110 may determine that the L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, and may determine that the LTM cell switch procedure is triggered, and may indicate, to the upper layers (e.g., RRC layer) , that the LTM cell switch procedure is triggered, and the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0113] In some embodiments, the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event may be an ID which identify the LTM candidate configuration. In some embodiments, the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event may be the ID of the LTM candidate cell. In some embodiments, the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event may be an ID which identity the configuration of the L1 measurement based event.
[0114] Continuing to refer to FIG. 4, at step 440, upon indicated by the lower layer, the upper layer (RRC layer) of the terminal device 110 may initiate the LTM cell switch execution procedure, and apply a RRC reconfiguration message in the LTM candidate configuration, wherein the LTM candidate configuration is associated with the ID associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0115] As shown in step 450, after the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure, the MAC layer of the terminal device 110 may determine whether RACH-less LTM cell switch can be performed (i.e., determine whether the LTM cell switch procedure can be performed without a random access procedure) . In some embodiments, if a set of conditions is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that the RACH-less LTM can be performed.
[0116] In some embodiments, the set of conditions may comprise that there is a valid TA. In other words, the TA is valid. In some embodiments, the TA is a TA of the target candidate cell or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be a candidate TAG. In some embodiments, if a TAT for the TA is running, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA is valid.
[0117] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA is valid in the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission. In other words, the set of conditions may further comprise that the TA is valid in the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission.
[0118] In some embodiments, the TA or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event. For example, if the reference signal is associated with a TCI state, and the TCI state is associated with the TA or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with the reference signal.
[0119] In some embodiments, the set of conditions may comprise that there is available or valid configured UL grant (may be also referred to as CG occasion) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the configured UL grant as available or valid by determining that the reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event is associated with the configured UL grant.
[0120] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine that a time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold. In this case, the terminal device 110 may determine that there is available or valid configured UL grant. In other words, the set of conditions comprises that a time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, a value of the threshold may be configured, e.g., in the LTM candidate configuration or the LTM configuration.
[0121] As shown in step 460, if the RACH-less LTM is triggered, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation (also referred to as a first operation herein) for TA adjustment. For example, if the MAC layer determines that the RACH-less LTM is triggered, the MAC layer may perform the first operation.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise setting a TA value of a PTAG to a value of the TA. In other words, the TA value of PTAG is set to / as the value of the TA.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise starting or restarting a TAT for the PTAG. In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise setting the TAT for the PTAG to / as a TAT for TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the TAT for the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be a candidate TAT. In other words, the value of the TAT for the PATG is set as the value of the TAT for the TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise setting the TA value of the PTAG to the value of the TA, and the TA or TAG of the target candidate cell is associated with the reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first operation may comprise indicating, from a MAC layer to a PHY layer of the terminal device 110, a TCI state associated with the reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event.
[0126] In some embodiments, there may be more than one reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event. In this case, the terminal device 110 may select one of the more than one reference signal as the reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a reference signal with highest signal strength as the reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event.
[0127] With the process 400, initiation of conditional LTM may be carried out. It is to be understood that operations or steps described in connection with FIG. 4 may be performed separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0128] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF RACH-LESS CONDITIONAL LTM RECOVERY
[0129] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of RACH-less conditional LTM recovery. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 5 below.
[0130] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example process 500 of communication for conditional LTM according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 500 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 and also provides one or more candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0131] As shown in FIG. 5, at step 510, the network device 120 may transmit a LTM configuration to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a set of LTM candidate configurations for a set of candidate cells allowing LTM. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a configuration of a L1 measurement based event for triggering a LTM cell switch procedure.
[0132] At step 520, the terminal device 110 may determine that the terminal device 110 initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection. For example, a failure happens, and a RRC layer of the terminal device 110 may initiate a LTM cell switch following a cell selection performed while timer T311 was running. In some embodiments, the failure may be a handover failure, or a handover failure or a LTM cell switch failure. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a LTM candidate cell (may be also referred to as target candidate cell, or SpCell of the target LTM candidate configuration, or SpCell of the target LTM configuration) during the cell selection, and initiates the LTM cell switch procedure.
[0133] At step 530, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation (also referred to as a second operation herein) for determining whether to initiate a RACH-less LTM cell switch for the LTM cell switch procedure.
[0134] In some embodiments, the second operation may comprise indicating, from the RRC layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device 110, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure. That is, the RRC layer may indicate to the MAC layer (lower layer) the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure, and the MAC layer (lower layer) may determine whether a RACH-less LTM cell switch can be performed.
[0135] In some embodiments, if the RRC layer determines that the target LTM candidate configuration / candidate cell is associated with a TA or TAG (may be candidate TAG) , the RRC layer may indicate the MAC layer of the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure. In some embodiments, after the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure, the MAC layer may determine whether RACH-less LTM can be performed by determining if a set of conditions can be fulfilled.
[0136] In some embodiments, the set of conditions may comprise that there is a valid TA. In other words, the TA is valid. In some embodiments, the TA isa TA of the target candidate cell or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be a candidate TAG. In some embodiments, if a TAT for the TA is running, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA is valid.
[0137] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA is valid in the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission. In other words, the set of conditions may further comprise that the TA is valid in the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission.
[0138] In some embodiments, the TA or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be associated with a reference signal, wherein the signal strength of the reference signal may be higher than or equal to a threshold. For example, if the reference signal is associated with a TCI state, and the TCI state is associated with the TA or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell, the terminal device 110 may determine that the TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with the reference signal.
[0139] In some embodiments, the signal strength may be represented by reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) ) . In some embodiments, the threshold may be configured, e.g., in a LTM candidate configuration or the LTM configuration.
[0140] In some embodiments, the set of conditions may comprise that there is available or valid configured UL grant (may be also referred to as CG occasion) . In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the configured UL grant as available or valid by determining that the reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to a threshold is associated with the configured UL grant.
[0141] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine that a time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold. In this case, the terminal device 110 may determine that there is available or valid configured UL grant. In other words, the set of conditions may comprise that the time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, a value of the threshold may be configured, e.g., in the LTM candidate configuration.
[0142] At step 540, upon determination that the RACH-less LTM is performed, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation (also referred to as a third operation herein) for initiating the RACH-less LTM for the LTM cell switch procedure.
[0143] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a reference signal which has signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR) higher than or equal to a threshold, and indicate the selected reference signal to lower layers (PHY layer) for PUSCH transmission. The PHY layer of the terminal device 110 may assume that a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) antenna port associated with PDCCH receptions, a DM-RS antenna port associated with PDSCH receptions, and the selected reference signal associated with a PUSCH transmission is quasi co-located with respect to average gain and quasi co-location 'typeA' or 'typeD' properties.
[0144] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise setting a TA value of a PTAG to a value of the TA. In some embodiments, the TAG associated with the target candidate cell may be a candidate TAG. In other words, the TA value of PTAG is set to / as the value of valid TA.
[0145] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise starting or restarting a TAT for the PTAG. In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise setting the TAT for the PTAG to / as a TAT for the TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell. In some embodiments, the TAT for the target candidate cell may be a candidate TAT. In other words, the value TAT for PTAG is set to / as the value of the TAT for the TA or TAG associated with the target candidate cell.
[0146] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise setting the TA value of the PTAG to the value of the TA, wherein TA is associated with the reference signal with signal strength of the reference signal being higher than or equal to a threshold.
[0147] In some embodiments, the third operation may comprise indicating, from the MAC layer to a PHY layer of the terminal device 110, a TCI state associated with the reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to the threshold.
[0148] In some embodiments, there may be more than one reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to the threshold. In this case, the terminal device 110 may select one of the more than one reference signal as the reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to the threshold. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may select a reference signal with highest signal strength as the reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to the threshold.
[0149] With the process 500, RACH-less conditional LTM recovery may be carried out.
[0150] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF LTM RECOVERY
[0151] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of LTM recovery. The solution may be applied to both conditional LTM and non-conditional LTM. The solution will be described in connection with FIG. 6 below.
[0152] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 600 of communication for LTM recovery according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 600 may involve the terminal device 110 and the network device 120 as illustrated in FIG. 1. In this example, the network device 120 provides a serving cell for the terminal device 110 and also provides one or more candidate cells for the terminal device 110. The serving cell may be SpCell, PCell or PSCell of the terminal device 110.
[0153] As shown in FIG. 6, at step 610, the network device 120 may transmit a LTM configuration to the terminal device 110. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a set of LTM candidate configurations for a set of candidate cells allowing LTM. In some embodiments, the LTM configuration may comprise a configuration of a L1 measurement based event for triggering a LTM cell switch procedure.
[0154] At step 620, the terminal device 110 may perform a LTM cell switch procedure (also referred to as a first LTM cell switch procedure herein) from a source cell (i.e., serving cell, e.g., 122-2) to a LTM candidate cell (also referred to as a first LTM candidate cell herein, e.g., 122-1) .
[0155] As shown in step 621, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, a configuration for security key update. In some embodiments, the configuration for security key update may be included in a LTM cell switch command MAC CE or a RRC reconfiguration message from the network device 120. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may store security key update information. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may store the security key update information in a UE variable.
[0156] In some embodiments, the security key update configuration may comprise at least one of a key set change indicator, a value of next hop chaining count (NCC) , or a sk-counter. The key set change indicator may indicate whether a master key is derived from a key for AMF (KAMF key) , or from the current master key or from a next hop (NH) parameter. The sk-counter may refer to a counter used upon initial configuration of secondary key, as well as upon refresh of secondary.
[0157] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may release the stored security key update configuration. In some embodiments, upon initiation of a RRC re-establishment procedure, or before a transmission of RRC re-establishment message is to be initiated, the terminal device 110 may release the stored security key update configuration. In some embodiments, if the terminal device 110 is not configured to perform LTM cell switch if the selected cell is a target candidate cell and it is the first cell selection after the failure (IE ‘attemptLTM-Switch’ ) , or the selected cell is not one LTM candidate cell, the terminal device 110 may release the stored security key update configuration. In some embodiments, upon or during or after the second LTM cell switch procedure, the terminal device 110 may release the stored security key update configuration.
[0158] At step 630, if the first LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the first LTM candidate cell fails, the terminal device 110 may apply a configuration (also referred to as a source cell configuration herein) associated with the source cell. That is, upon a LTM cell switch execution of the first LTM cell switch procedure is failed, the terminal device 110 may revert or fallback to the source cell configuration.
[0159] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a security key (e.g., master key) is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure, or a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, the terminal device 110 may apply (i.e., revert to) the configuration associated with the source cell. For example, the terminal device 110 may revert to a configuration used in a source PCell except for one or more PDCP state variables for one or more signal radio bearers (SRBs) associated to a MCG.
[0160] At step 640, the terminal device 110 may perform a cell selection while a timer (T311) is running during a RRC re-establishment procedure triggered by the failed LTM cell switch procedure.
[0161] At step 650, if a LTM candidate cell (also referred to as a second LTM candidate cell herein, e.g., the cell 123-1) is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may perform a LTM cell switch procedure (also referred to as a second LTM cell switch procedure herein) from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.
[0162] In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise that the value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are different, or a security key (e.g., master key) is updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure; and the value of the identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different.
[0163] In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least of the following: the value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the ID associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, or the security key is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure; the value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are the same; or the value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different, and there is a security key update configuration for the second LTM cell switch procedure (i.e., there is a stored security key update configuration to be used for the second LTM cell switch procedure) .
[0164] In some embodiments, the identity associated with the source cell, the identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell, and the identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell may identify the security cell set for the source cell, the first LTM candidate cell and the second LTM candidate cell, and are used to determine whether the terminal device 110 should perform security key update for the first LTM cell switch and second LTM cell switch.
[0165] With the process 600, a condition for LTM recovery may be enhanced, and thus LTM performance may be improved.
[0166] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS
[0167] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods of communication implemented at a terminal device and at a CU of a network device. These methods will be described below with reference to FIGs. 7 to 11.
[0168] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 700 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 700 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0169] At block 710, the terminal device 110 may receive, from the network device 120, information of one or more candidate TAGs of at least one candidate cell. Each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value.
[0170] At block 720, the terminal device 110 may determine that a timing advance command is received. In other words, the terminal device 110 may receive a timing advance command.
[0171] At block 730, the terminal device 110 may apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command. In other words, in accordance with a determination that the timing advance command is received, or upon reception of the timing advance command, the terminal device 110 may apply the timing advance command for the candidate TAG.
[0172] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise at least one of the following: a configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs; information of an association between at least one candidate configuration associated with the at least one candidate cell and the one or more candidate TAGs; information of an association between a set of TCI states of a candidate configuration and the one or more candidate TAGs; or information of an association between a set of reference signals of a candidate configuration and the one or more candidate TAGs.
[0173] In some embodiments, the configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise at least one of the following: information of an association between a TAG of a serving cell and a candidate TAG; information of a set of candidate TAGs to be added or modified; or information of a set of candidate TAGs to be released.
[0174] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be further caused to: receive a MAC CE or a RAR or a MsgB comprising the timing advance command, the timing advance command being associated with an identity of the candidate TAG; and determine the candidate TAG based on the identity of the candidate TAG.
[0175] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be further caused to: receive a MAC CE or a RAR or a MsgB comprising the timing advance command, the timing advance command being associated with an identity of a TAG of a serving cell; and determine the candidate TAG based on information of an association between the TAG and the candidate TAG.
[0176] With the method 700, TA adjustment of candidate cells based on a candidate TAG for candidate cells may be carried out.
[0177] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800 of communication implemented at a CU of a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 800 may be performed at the CU 121 of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 800 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 800 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0178] At block 810, the CU 121 of the network device 120 may receive, from a first DU (e.g., the DU 122) of the network device 120, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU.
[0179] In some embodiments, the first grouping information may indicate at least one of the following: one or more LTM candidate cells are in a candidate TAG; an identity allocated for the candidate TAG; or a value of a candidate TAT for the candidate TAG.
[0180] At block 820, the CU 121 may receive, from a second DU (e.g., the DU 123) of the network device 120, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU.
[0181] In some embodiments, the second grouping information may indicate at least one of the following: one or more LTM candidate cells are in a candidate TAG; an identity allocated for the candidate TAG; or a value of a candidate TAT for the candidate TAG.
[0182] At block 830, the CU 121 may transmit, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU. Each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value.
[0183] In some embodiments, the information of the one or more candidate TAGs may comprise at least one of the following: an identity of each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs; or a value of a candidate TAT for each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs. The candidate TAT controls a time period in which the group of candidate cells of the candidate TAG are uplink timing aligned.
[0184] With the method 800, management of a candidate TAG for candidate cells on F1 interface may be achieved.
[0185] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 900 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 900 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 900 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 900 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0186] At block 910, the terminal device 110 may determine that a L1 measurement based event is fulfilled.
[0187] At block 920, in accordance with a determination that the L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may determine that a LTM cell switch procedure is triggered.
[0188] At block 930, the terminal device 110 may indicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device 110, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an ID associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0189] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be further caused to: determine that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure based on at least one of the following: a TA of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell is valid in a first available CG occasion for a first PUSCH transmission; the TA of the target candidate cell or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event; or a time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold.
[0190] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may be further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: setting a TA value of a PTAG to a TA value of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell; setting the TA value of the PTAG to the TA value of the target candidate cell or a TAG of the target candidate cell, wherein the TA or TAG of the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event; or indicating, from a MAC layer to a PHY layer of the terminal device, a TCI state associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event.
[0191] With the method 900, initiation of conditional LTM may be carried out.
[0192] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 1000 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1000 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 1000 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1000 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0193] At block 1010, the terminal device 110 may determine that the terminal device initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection.
[0194] At block 1020, in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates the LTM cell switch procedure following the cell selection, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation for determining whether to initiate a RACH-less LTM for the LTM cell switch procedure. The operation comprises: indicating, from a RRC layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device 110, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.
[0195] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without the random access procedure based on at least one of the following: a TA of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell is valid in a first available CG occasion for a first PUSCH transmission; the TA of the target candidate cell or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal, and signal strength of the reference signal being higher than or equal to a threshold; or a time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold.
[0196] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure, the terminal device 110 may perform an operation comprising at least one of the following: setting a TA value of a PTAG to a TA value of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell; setting the TA value of the PTAG to the TA value of the target candidate cell or a TAG of the target candidate cell, wherein the TA or the TAG associated with the target cell is associated with a reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to a threshold; or indicating, from the MAC layer to a PHY layer of the terminal device, a TCI state associated with the reference signal.
[0197] With the method 1000, RACH-less conditional LTM recovery may be carried out.
[0198] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of another example method 1100 of communication implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the method 1100 may be performed at the terminal device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the method 1100 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the method 1100 may include additional blocks not shown and / or may omit some blocks as shown, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0199] At block 1110, the terminal device 110 may determine that a first LTM cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails.
[0200] At block 1120, in accordance with a determination that the first LTM cell switch procedure fails, the terminal device 110 may apply a configuration associated with the source cell. That is, the terminal device 110 may revert to the configuration associated with the source cell.
[0201] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that a security key is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure, or a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, the terminal device 110 may apply the configuration associated with the source cell.
[0202] At block 1130, the terminal device 110 may determine that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled.
[0203] In some embodiments, the first condition may comprise: a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are different, or a security key is updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure, and the value of the identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different.
[0204] In some embodiments, the second condition may comprise at least of the following: a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, or a security key is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure; the value of the identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are the same; or the value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different, and there is a security key update configuration for the second LTM cell switch procedure.
[0205] At block 1140, in accordance with a determination that the second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of the first condition or the second condition is fulfilled, the terminal device 110 may perform a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.
[0206] With the method 1100, LTM recovery may be well performed.
[0207] It is to be understood that the operations of methods 700 to 1100 correspond to that described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 6, and thus other details are not repeated here for conciseness.
[0208] EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVICES
[0209] FIG. 12 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1200 can be considered as a further example implementation of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or a DU or CU of the network device 120 as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120 or a DU or CU of the network device 120.
[0210] As shown, the device 1200 includes a processor 1210, a memory 1220 coupled to the processor 1210, a suitable transceiver 1240 coupled to the processor 1210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1240. The memory 1210 stores at least a part of a program 1230. The transceiver 1240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1240 may include at least one of a transmitter 1242 or a receiver 1244. The transmitter 1242 and the receiver 1244 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0211] The program 1230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1210, enable the device 1200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGs. 1 to 11. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1210 of the device 1200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1210 and memory 1220 may form processing means 1250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0212] The memory 1220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1220 is shown in the device 1200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1200. The processor 1210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0213] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a network device, information of one or more candidate TAGs of at least one candidate cell, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value; and in accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.
[0214] In some embodiments, a CU of a network device comprises a circuitry configured to: receive, from a first DU of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU; receive, from a second DU of the network device, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU; and transmit, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate TAGs for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value.
[0215] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: in accordance with a determination that a L1 measurement based event is fulfilled, determine that a LTM cell switch procedure is triggered; and indicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event.
[0216] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates a LTM cell switch procedure following a cell selection, perform an operation comprising: indicating, from a RRC layer to a MAC layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; and determining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.
[0217] In some embodiments, a terminal device comprises a circuitry configured to: in accordance with a determination that a first LTM cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, apply a configuration associated with the source cell; and in accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, perform a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.
[0218] The term ‘circuitry’ used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0219] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0220] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 11. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0221] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0222] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0223] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0224] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, information of one or more candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) of at least one candidate cell, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value; andin accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, apply the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the information of the one or more candidate TAGs comprises at least one of the following:a configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs;information of an association between at least one candidate configuration associated with the at least one candidate cell and the one or more candidate TAGs;information of an association between a set of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states of a candidate configuration and the one or more candidate TAGs; orinformation of an association between a set of reference signals of a candidate configuration and the one or more candidate TAGs.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the configuration of the one or more candidate TAGs comprises at least one of the following:information of an association between a TAG of a serving cell and a candidate TAG;information of a set of candidate TAGs to be added or modified; orinformation of a set of candidate TAGs to be released.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or a random access response (RAR) or a message B (MsgB) comprising the timing advance command, the timing advance command being associated with an identity of the candidate TAG; anddetermine the candidate TAG based on the identity of the candidate TAG.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or a random access response (RAR) or a message B (MsgB) comprising the timing advance command, the timing advance command being associated with an identity of a TAG of a serving cell; anddetermine the candidate TAG based on information of an association between the TAG and the candidate TAG.A central unit (CU) of a network device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the CU to:receive, from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU;receive, from a second DU of the network device, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU; andtransmit, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance (TA) value.The CU of claim 6, wherein the first or second grouping information indicates at least one of the following:one or more candidate cells are in a candidate TAG;an identity allocated for the candidate TAG; ora value of a candidate time alignment timer (TAT) for the candidate TAG.The CU of claim 6, wherein the information of the one or more candidate TAGs comprises at least one of the following:an identity of each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs; ora value of a candidate time alignment timer (TAT) for each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs, wherein the candidate TAT controls a time period in which the group of candidate cells of the candidate TAG are uplink timing aligned.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:in accordance with a determination that a layer 1 (L1) measurement based event is fulfilled, determine that a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure is triggered; andindicate, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event.The terminal device of claim 9, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure based on at least one of the following:a timing advance (TA) of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell is valid in a first available configured grant (CG) occasion for a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission;the TA of the target candidate cell or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event; ora time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold.The terminal device of claim 9, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:setting a timing advance (TA) value of a primary TAG (PTAG) to a TA value of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell;setting the TA value of the PTAG to the TA value of the target candidate cell or a TAG of the target candidate cell, wherein the TA or TAG of the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event; orindicating, from a medium access control (MAC) layer to a physical (PHY) layer of the terminal device, a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with a reference signal fulfilling the L1 measurement based event.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure following a cell selection, perform an operation comprising:indicating, from a radio resource control (RRC) layer to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; anddetermining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without the random access procedure by:determining that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without the random access procedure based on at least one of the following:a timing advance (TA) of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell is valid in a first available configured grant (CG) occasion for a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission;the TA of the target candidate cell or the TAG associated with the target candidate cell is associated with a reference signal, and signal strength of the reference signal being higher than or equal to a threshold; ora time gap between an initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure and the first available CG occasion for the first PUSCH transmission is smaller than or equal to a threshold.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:setting a timing advance (TA) value of a primary TAG (PTAG) to a TA value of a target candidate cell associated with the LTM cell switch procedure or a TAG associated with the target candidate cell;setting the TA value of the PTAG to the TA value of the target candidate cell or a TAG of the target candidate cell, wherein the TA or the TAG associated with the target cell is associated with a reference signal with signal strength higher than or equal to a threshold; orindicating, from the MAC layer to a physical (PHY) layer of the terminal device, a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with the reference signal.A terminal device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:in accordance with a determination that a first layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, apply a configuration associated with the source cell; andin accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, perform a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the first condition comprises:a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are different, or a security key is updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure, andthe value of the identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the second condition comprises at least of the following:a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, or a security key is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure;the value of the identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are the same; orthe value of the identity associated with the source cell and the value of the identity associated with the second LTM candidate cell are different, and there is a security key update configuration for the second LTM cell switch procedure.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the terminal device is caused to apply the configuration associated with the source cell by:in accordance with a determination that a security key is not updated during the first LTM cell switch procedure, or a value of an identity associated with the source cell and a value of an identity associated with the first LTM candidate cell are the same, applying the configuration associated with the source cell.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, information of one or more candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) of at least one candidate cell, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance value; andin accordance with a determination that a timing advance command is received, applying the timing advance command for a candidate TAG based on the information of the one or more candidate TAGs and the timing advance command.A method of communication, comprising:receiving, at a central unit (CU) of a network device and from a first distributed unit (DU) of the network device, first grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the first DU;receiving, from a second DU of the network device, second grouping information of one or more candidate cells of the second DU; andtransmitting, to the first and second DUs, information of one or more candidate timing advance groups (TAGs) for the one or more candidate cells of the first DU and the one or more candidate cells of the second DU, wherein each candidate TAG in the one or more candidate TAGs is a group of candidate cells that using a same timing reference cell and a same timing advance (TA) value.A method of communication, comprising:in accordance with a determination that a layer 1 (L1) measurement based event is fulfilled, determining, at a terminal device, that a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure is triggered; andindicating, from a lower layer to an upper layer of the terminal device, the triggering of the LTM cell switch procedure and an identity associated with the L1 measurement based event.A method of communication, comprising:in accordance with a determination that the terminal device initiates a layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure following a cell selection, perform, at a terminal device, an operation comprising:indicating, from a radio resource control (RRC) layer to a medium access control (MAC) layer of the terminal device, the initiation of the LTM cell switch procedure; anddetermining, by the MAC layer, whether the LTM cell switch procedure is performed without a random access procedure.A method of communication, comprising:in accordance with a determination that a first layer 1 or layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) cell switch procedure from a source cell to a first LTM candidate cell fails, applying, at a terminal device, a configuration associated with the source cell; andin accordance with a determination that a second LTM candidate cell is selected and at least one of a first condition or a second condition is fulfilled, performing a second LTM cell switch procedure from the source cell to the second LTM candidate cell.