Novel compounds as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and uses thereof
Novel compounds are developed to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, addressing aberrant activation in inflammatory disorders and providing therapeutic benefits by modulating its activity and reducing body weight.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
There is a need to identify inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is aberrantly activated in various inflammatory disorders such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death.
Development of novel compounds, including those of Formula (A) and (B), or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers, which act as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, and are used in pharmaceutical compositions to modulate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
These compounds effectively inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, potentially treating or preventing associated diseases and disorders, including auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases, and reducing body weight.
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Figure PCTCN2025123629-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2025123629-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
NOVEL COMPOUNDS AS NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOFFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure relates to novel compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor. The present disclosure further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient, and use of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the treatment of diseases or disorders.BACKGROUND
[0002] NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular sensor that detects a broad range of microbial motifs, endogenous danger signals and environmental irritants, resulting in the formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as to gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. Studies have revealed new regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including new interacting or regulatory proteins, metabolic pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub. The aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked with several inflammatory disorders, which include cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
[0003] Based on the foregoing, there is a need to identify inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome.SUMMARY
[0004] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, as disclosed herein.
[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (A-1) or (B-1) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, as disclosed herein.
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula (A-1) or (B-1) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, as disclosed herein.
[0007] Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A-1) , (B-1) , (A-2) or (B-2) or a compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0008] Also disclosed herein is a method of modulating (e.g., inhibiting) NLRP3 inflammasome in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A-1) , (B-1) , (A-2) or (B-2) or a compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
[0009] Also disclosed herein is use of the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A-1) , (B-1) , (A-2) or (B-2) or a compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating (e.g., inhibiting) NLRP3 inflammasome in a subject.
[0010] Also disclosed herein is use of the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A-1) , (B-1) , (A-2) or (B-2) or a compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is a NLRP3 inflammasome associated disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an auto-immune or auto-inflammatory disease. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is obesity.
[0011] Also disclosed herein is a method of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject the compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A-1) , (B-1) , (A-2) or (B-2) or a compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0012] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0013] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
[0014] Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0015] The terms below, as used herein, have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise.
[0016] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, 2nd Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2006; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2007; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 3rd Edition, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 2018; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0017] At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups which may connect to two or more other groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group. For example, the term “alkyl” may connect to one, two or three other group (s) , as required by Markush structures.
[0018] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0019] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0020] As used herein, the term “Ci-Cj” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e. i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-C6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
[0021] “Oxo” refers to =O.
[0022] “Amino” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to the group -NRaRb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently selected from groups consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or other suitable organic groups and each of which may be optionally substituted.
[0023] “Hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to -OH.
[0024] “Alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon radical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-10alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-4alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0025] “Alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. The group may be in either the cis or trans configuration, or alternatively, E or Z conformation about the double bond (s) , and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenyl (-CH=CH2) , 1-propenyl (-CH2CH=CH2) , isopropenyl [-C (CH3) =CH2] , butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkenyl” or “C2-6alkenyl” , means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkenyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0026] “Alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1, 3-butadiynyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6alkynyl” or “C2-6alkynyl” , means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0027] “Alkoxy” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical of the formula -ORa where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined herein. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkoxy” or “C1-6alkoxy” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkoxy” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-10alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-6alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-5alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is a C1-4alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxyl is a C1-3alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxyl is a C1-2alkoxy. In some embodiments, the alkoxyl is methoxy. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0028] “Aryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, an aromatic ring fused with a cycloalkyl ring) , bridged (for example, an aromatic ring fused with a bridged cycloalkyl ring) or spiro (for example, an aromatic ring fused with a spiro cycloalkyl ring) ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-to 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl) . Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0029] As used herein, the term “fused” with respect to a polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) system, refers to two rings sharing two adjacent ring atoms. Examples including but not limited to and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical term such as “5-6 fused” , means that the fused group consists of a 5-membered ring and a 6 membered ring which are fused with each other, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “fused” where no numerical term is designated. For example, is a 5-5 fused group, and is a 5-6 fused group.
[0030] As used herein, the term “spiro” with respect to a polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) system, refers to two rings sharing one ring atom. Examples including but not limited to and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical term such as “5-6 spiro” , means that the spiro group consists of a 5-membered ring and a 6 membered ring which are spiro with each other, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “spiro” where no numerical term is designated. For example, is a 3-6 spiro group.
[0031] As used herein, the term “bridged” with respect to a polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) system, refers to two rings sharing two non-adjacent ring atoms and one or more ring atoms between them. Examples including but not limited to and the like.
[0032] In some embodiments, a polycyclic system with three or more rings (e.g., tricyclic system) may comprise a first ring fused with a second ring and a third ring fused with the first ring, which refers to “fused-fused” group herein. Examples including but not limited to and the like. In other embodiments, a polycyclic system with three or more rings (e.g., tricyclic system) may comprise a first ring fused with a second ring and a third ring spiro with the first ring, which refers to “fused-spiro” group herein. Examples including but not limited to and the like. In still other embodiments, a polycyclic system with three or more rings (e.g., tricyclic system) may comprise a first ring spiro with a second ring and a third ring spiro with the first ring, which refers to “spiro-spiro” group herein. Examples including but not limited to and the like.
[0033] “Cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (for example, fused with another cycloalkyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is partially saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0034] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro.
[0035] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0036] “Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more hydroxy radicals, as defined above, e.g., hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and the like.
[0037] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more amino radicals, as defined above, e.g., aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 1-aminopropyl, 2-aminopropyl, 3-aminopropyl, and the like.
[0038] “Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is a C1-C6 heteroalkyl wherein the heteroalkyl is comprised of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g. -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. Examples of such heteroalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, -CH (CH3) OCH3, -CH2NHCH3, -CH2N (CH3) 2, -CH2CH2NHCH3, or -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0039] “Heteroaryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a 5-to 14-membered ring system radical comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one nitrogen. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (such as, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, a heteroaryl ring fused with a cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl ring, or an aryl ring fused with a heterocyclyl ring) , bridged (for example, an aryl or heteroaryl ring fused with a bridged cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring) or spiro (for example, an aryl ring fused with a spiro heterocyclyl ring, or an heteroaryl ring fused with a spiro cycloalkyl or spiro heterocyclyl ring) ring systems. The nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quarternized. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, furyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyridyl 1-oxide, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with one or more substituents, such as halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0040] “Heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from 1 to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl comprises one nitrogen and one oxygen. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocyclyl radical may be a monocyclic or polycyclic (including but not limited to, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic) ring system. The polycyclic ring system may include fused (for example, a heterocyclyl ring fused with a cycloalkyl or another heterocyclyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. The nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quarternized. Representative heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, heterocyclyls having from two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 heterocyclyl) , from two to ten carbon atoms (C2-C10 heterocyclyl) , from two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 heterocyclyl) , from two to seven carbon atoms (C2-C7 heterocyclyl) , from two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 heterocyclyl) , from two to five carbon atoms (C2-C5 heterocyclyl) , or two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 heterocyclyl) . Examples of such heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, dihydrofuryl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. The term heterocyclyl also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides, and the oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, heterocyclyls have from 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocyclyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocyclyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocyclyl ring) . In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 8-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 7-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 4-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocyclyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclyl may be optionally substituted as described below, for example, with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, amino, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0041] “Spiro heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a heterocyclyl radical, as defined above, that is a spiro polycyclic system.
[0042] “Bridged heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a heterocyclyl radical, as defined above, that is a bridged polycyclic system.
[0043] “Fused heterocyclyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a heterocyclyl radical, as defined above, that is a fused polycyclic system.
[0044] The term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond and is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
[0045] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined above. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH3) , fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3) , mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CFHCHF2, etc. ) . It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and / or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons.
[0046] The term “one or more” when referring to an optional substituent means that the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three, four substituents, or more substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, three, or four substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with one substituent. In some embodiments, the subject group is optionally substituted with two substituents.
[0047] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound administered to a mammalian subject, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0048] The terms “treat, ” “treating” or “treatment, ” as used herein, include alleviating, abating, or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition. Compounds
[0049] Described herein are compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or stereoisomer thereof useful as NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitors and in the treatment of diseases or disorders.
[0050] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: X is -N (RX) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, or -S (O) 2-; RX is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more R; L is a bond or -N (RL) -; RL is hydrogen, alkyl, or haloalkyl; or RL and RX in Formula (A) taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R; or RL and one of R1a and R1b in Formula (B) taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R; each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl; or R1a and R1b taken together form an oxo; or R1a and R1b taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11; each R11 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; each R2 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -SF5, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, - S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more R; or two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form an aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21; each R21 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; R3 is a spiro heterocyclyl, a bridged heterocyclyl, a fused heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R31; each R31 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, - OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, SF5, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) (=NRb) Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) RcRd, -P (=O) RcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein he alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more R; each Ra is independently alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R; each Rb is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more R; each of Rc and Rd is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R; or Rc and Rd taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R; and each R is independently halogen, oxo, -CN, -OH, -NO2, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, - S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; and n is any integer of 0-6, provided that the compound is not
[0051] In some embodiments, X is -S-.
[0052] In some embodiments, L is -N (RL) -. In some embodiments, RL is hydrogen. In some embodiments, L is -NH-. In some embodiments, L is a bond.
[0053] In some embodiments, R1a and R1b taken together form an oxo. In some embodiments, R1a and R1b taken together form an oxo and X is not -N (CH3) -.
[0054] In some embodiments, each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen or alkyl. In some embodiments, each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) . In some embodiments, each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen or -CH3. In some embodiments, both of R1a and R1b are hydrogen. In some embodiments, both of R1a and R1b are -CH3. In some embodiments, one of R1a and R1b is hydrogen, and the other is -CH3.
[0055] In some embodiments, is and each of R2A, R2B, R2C and R2D is independently hydrogen or R2. In some embodiments, R2A and R2B taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an C6-12 aryl (e.g., C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, C6-8 aryl or C6-7 aryl, such as C12 aryl, C11 aryl, C10 aryl, C9 aryl, C8 aryl, C7 aryl or C6 aryl) , 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl (e.g., 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, such as 12-membered heteroaryl, 11-membered heteroaryl, 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , C3-12 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C4-9 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C4-5 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, such asC3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C9 cycloalkyl, C10 cycloalkyl, C11 cycloalkyl or C12 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, such as 12-membered heterocyclyl, 11-membered heterocyclyl, 10-membered heterocyclyl, 9-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, R2B and R2C taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an C6-12 aryl (e.g., C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, C6-8 aryl or C6-7 aryl, such as C12 aryl, C11 aryl, C10 aryl, C9 aryl, C8 aryl, C7 aryl or C6 aryl) , 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl (e.g., 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, such as 12-membered heteroaryl, 11-membered heteroaryl, 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , C3-12 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C4-9 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C4-5 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, such asC3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C9 cycloalkyl, C10 cycloalkyl, C11 cycloalkyl or C12 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, such as 12-membered heterocyclyl, 11-membered heterocyclyl, 10-membered heterocyclyl, 9-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, R2C and R2D taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an C6-12 aryl (e.g., C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, C6-8 aryl or C6-7 aryl, such as C12 aryl, C11 aryl, C10 aryl, C9 aryl, C8 aryl, C7 aryl or C6 aryl) , 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl (e.g., 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, such as 12-membered heteroaryl, 11-membered heteroaryl, 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , C3-12 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C4-9 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C4-5 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, such asC3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C9 cycloalkyl, C10 cycloalkyl, C11 cycloalkyl or C12 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, such as 12-membered heterocyclyl, 11-membered heterocyclyl, 10-membered heterocyclyl, 9-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, R2D and R2E taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an C6-12 aryl (e.g., C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, C6-8 aryl or C6-7 aryl, such as C12 aryl, C11 aryl, C10 aryl, C9 aryl, C8 aryl, C7 aryl or C6 aryl) , 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl (e.g., 5-to 11-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, such as 12-membered heteroaryl, 11-membered heteroaryl, 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , C3-12 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C4-9 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C4-5 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, such asC3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C9 cycloalkyl, C10 cycloalkyl, C11 cycloalkyl or C12 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, such as 12-membered heterocyclyl, 11-membered heterocyclyl, 10-membered heterocyclyl, 9-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21.
[0056] In some embodiments, each R2 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl, or two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a C3-12 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-11 cycloalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, C3-4 cycloalkyl, C4-9 cycloalkyl, C4-8 cycloalkyl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C4-5 cycloalkyl, C5-7 cycloalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, such asC3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C8 cycloalkyl, C9 cycloalkyl, C10 cycloalkyl, C11 cycloalkyl or C12 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 7-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, such as 12-membered heterocyclyl, 11-membered heterocyclyl, 10-membered heterocyclyl, 9-membered heterocyclyl, 8-membered heterocyclyl, 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each optionally substituted with one or more R21.
[0057] In some embodiments, each R2 is independently halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl) , -CN, -OH, -ORa, C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., C1-5haloalkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkyl or C1-2haloalkyl, such as C6haloalkyl, C5haloalkyl, C4haloalkyl, C3haloalkyl, C2haloalkyl or C1haloalkyl) or C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) , or two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, such as 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, each Ra is independently alkyl. In some embodiments, each Ra is independently C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) .
[0058] In some embodiments, one or more R2 is independently halogen (e.g., -F, -Cl) , -CN, -OH, -ORa, C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., C1-5haloalkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkyl or C1-2haloalkyl, such as C6haloalkyl, C5haloalkyl, C4haloalkyl, C3haloalkyl, C2haloalkyl or C1haloalkyl) or C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) , and two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) or 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 3-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, 3-to 4-membered heterocyclyl, such as 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 4-membered heterocyclyl or 3-membered heterocyclyl) , each optionally substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, each Ra is independently alkyl. In some embodiments, each Ra is independently C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) .
[0059] In some embodiments, one or more R2 is independently -F, -Cl, -CN, -OH, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH (CH3) 2, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -OCH3, -OCF3, -OCH2F, -OCHF2 or cyclopropyl.
[0060] In some embodiments, two of R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, tetrahydrofuryl or dihydrofuryl.
[0061] In some embodiments, one or more R2 is independently -F, -Cl, -CN, -OH, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH (CH3) 2, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -OCH3, -OCF3, -OCH2F, -OCHF2 or cyclopropyl, and two of R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, tetrahydrofuryl or dihydrofuryl.
[0062] In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, n is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4.
[0063] In some embodiments, is
[0064] In some embodiments, R3 is
[0065] In some embodiments, R3 is a spiro heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic spiro heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic spiro 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 5-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 6-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 7-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 8-to 10-membered heterocyclyl or bicyclic spiro 8-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic spiro 5-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 6-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 7-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 8-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 9-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic spiro 11-membered heterocyclyl or bicyclic spiro 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a 4-4 spiro heterocyclyl, 4-5 spiro heterocyclyl or 5-5 spiro heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31.
[0066] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (A) or (B) has Formula (A-1) or (B-1) : wherein Ring A is a C4-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl; Ring B is a C3-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl; each of R3A or R3B is independently R31; p is any integer of 0-3; and q is any integer of 0-3.
[0067] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (A) or (B) has Formula (A-2) or (B-2) : wherein Ring A is a C4-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl; Ring B is a C3-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl; each of R3A or R3B is independently R31; p is any integer of 0-3; and q is any integer of 0-3.
[0068] In some embodiments, Ring A is a C4-7 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, or C4-5 cycloalkyl, such as C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl or C4 cycloalkyl.
[0069] In some embodiments, Ring A is a 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, such as 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl or 4-membered heterocyclyl.
[0070] In some embodiments, Ring B is a C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl.
[0071] In some embodiments, Ring B is a 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl, such as 7-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl or 4-membered heterocyclyl.
[0072] In some embodiments, Ring A is a C4-7 cycloalkyl (e.g., C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, or C7 cycloalkyl) , and Ring B is a 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, or 7-membered heterocyclyl) . In some embodiments, Ring A is a C4-5 cycloalkyl (e.g., C4 cycloalkyl or C5 cycloalkyl) , and Ring B is a 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 4-membered heterocyclyl or 5-membered heterocyclyl) .
[0073] In some embodiments, Ring A is a 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, or 7-membered heterocyclyl) , and Ring B is a 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, 6-membered heterocyclyl, or 7-membered heterocyclyl) .
[0074] In some embodiments, Ring A is a C4 cycloalkyl or 4-membered heterocyclyl, and Ring B is a C5 cycloalkyl or 5-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is a C4 cycloalkyl, and Ring B is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 4-membered heterocyclyl, and Ring B is a 5-membered heterocyclyl.
[0075] In some embodiments, each R31 is independently oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R31 is independently oxo, C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkyl, C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, such as C6alkyl, C5alkyl, C4alkyl, C3alkyl, C2alkyl or C1alkyl) , C1-6 haloalkyl (e.g., C1-5haloalkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, C1-3haloalkyl or C1-2haloalkyl, such as C6haloalkyl, C5haloalkyl, C4haloalkyl, C3haloalkyl, C2haloalkyl or C1haloalkyl) or C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, such as C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) .
[0076] In some embodiments, each R31 is independently oxo, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2 or In some embodiments, -CH3 is -CD3. In some embodiments, -CH2CH3 is -CD2CD3. In some embodiments, -CH (CH3) 2 is -CD (CH3) 2. In some embodiments, each R31 is independently oxo, -CD3, -CD2CD3, -CD (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2 or
[0077] In some embodiments, R3 is
[0078] In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, is In some embodiments, R3 is
[0079] In some embodiments, R3 is a bridged heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bridged 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 5-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 6-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 7-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 8-to 10-membered heterocyclyl or bridged 8-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bridged 5-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 6-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 7-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 8-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 9-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 10-membered heterocyclyl, bridged 11-membered heterocyclyl or bridged 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a [3.3.1] bridged heterocyclyl, [3.2.1] bridged heterocyclyl or [3.1.1] bridged heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31.
[0080] In some embodiments, R3 is
[0081] In some embodiments, R3 is a fused heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic fused heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic fused 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 5-to 11-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 6-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 7-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 8-to 10-membered heterocyclyl or bicyclic fused 8-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a bicyclic fused 5-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 6-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 7-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 8-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 9-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 10-membered heterocyclyl, bicyclic fused 11-membered heterocyclyl or bicyclic fused 12-membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31. In some embodiments, R3 is a 4-5 fused heterocyclyl, 4-6 fused heterocyclyl, 5-5 fused heterocyclyl or 5-6 fused heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R31.
[0082] In some embodiments, R3 is
[0083] Provided herein are also compounds set forth in Table 1 or Table 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. TABLE 1 Exemplary Compounds TABLE 2 Exemplary Compounds Further Forms of Compounds Disclosed Herein Isomers / Stereoisomers
[0084] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E) , and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more chiral centers and each center exists in the R configuration, or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereoisomers, resulting from a single preparative step, combination, or interconversion are useful for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, the diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc. ) and are separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. In some embodiments, the diastereomers are separated by chiral chromatography, or preferably, by separation / resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In some embodiments, the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization. Tautomers
[0085] In some situations, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In bonding arrangements where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are contemplated. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Isotopic form
[0086] Unless otherwise stated, compounds described herein may exhibit their natural isotopic abundance, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H (protium) , 2H (deuterium) , and 3H (tritium) . Protium is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford some therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and / or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism.
[0087] For example, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more particular isotopes. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes that are not predominantly found in nature. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from deuterium (2H) , tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) . In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from 2H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 12N, 13N, 15N, 16N, 16O, 17O, 14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 131I, and 125I. In some embodiments, the abundance of the enriched isotopes is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0088] In some embodiments, the compound is deuterated in at least one position. In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have some or all of the 1H atoms replaced with 2H atoms. In some embodiments, each hydrogen atom of the compounds disclosed herein is independently 1H, 2H (D) or 3H (T) . In some embodiments, one or more hydrogen atom of the compounds disclosed herein is 2H (deuterium, or D) .
[0089] The methods of synthesis for deuterium-containing compounds are known in the art and include, by way of non-limiting example only, the procedure described in U. S. Patent Nos. 5, 846, 514 and 6,334, 997, and the following synthetic methods. For example, deuterium substituted compounds may be synthesized using various methods such as described in: Dean, Dennis C. ; Editor. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Radiolabeled Compounds for Drug Discovery and Development. [In: Curr., Pharm. Des., 2000; 6 (10) ] 2000, 110 pp; George W. ; Varma, Rajender S. The Synthesis of Radiolabeled Compounds via Organometallic Intermediates, Tetrahedron, 1989, 45 (21) , 6601-21; and Evans, E. Anthony. Synthesis of radiolabeled compounds, J. Radioanal. Chem., 1981, 64 (1-2) , 9-32.
[0090] Deuterated starting materials are readily available and are subjected to the synthetic methods described herein to provide for the synthesis of deuterium-containing compounds. Large numbers of deuterium-containing reagents and building blocks are available commercially from chemical vendors, such as Aldrich Chemical Co. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts
[0091] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0092] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess acidic or basic groups and therefore react with any of several inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In some embodiments, these salts are prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free form with a suitable acid or base, and isolating the salt thus formed.
[0093] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral, organic acid or inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1, 4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caproate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate, metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and xylenesulfonate.
[0094] Further, the compounds described herein can be prepared as pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including, but not limited to, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo- [2.2.2] oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4, 4’ -methylenebis- (3-hydroxy-2-ene-1 -carboxylic acid) , 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, are employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds disclosed herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
[0095] In some embodiments, those compounds described herein which comprise a free acid group react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. Representative salts include the alkali or alkaline earth salts, like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4, and the like.
[0096] Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they contain. In some embodiments, water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are obtained by such quaternization. Method of Treatment
[0097] Disclosed herein are methods of modulating NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, disclosed herein.
[0098] Disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, disclosed herein.
[0099] Disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the NLRP3 signaling contributes to the pathology, symptoms, and / or progression of the disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an auto-immune or auto-inflammatory disease or condition. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is obesity.
[0100] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is inflammasome-related diseases / disorders, immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, auto-immune diseases, or auto-inflammatory diseases, for example, autoinflammatory fever syndromes (e.g., cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome) , liver related diseases / disorders (e.g. chronic liver disease, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease) , inflammatory arthritis related disorders (e.g. gout, pseudogout (chondrocalcinosis) , osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthropathy e.g., acute, chronic) , kidney related diseases (e.g. hyperoxaluria, lupus nephritis, Type I / Type II diabetes and related complications (e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy) , hypertensive nephropathy, hemodialysis related inflammation) , neuroinflammation-related diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis, brain infection, acute injury, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease) , cardiovascular / metabolic diseases / disorders (e.g. cardiovascular risk reduction (CvRR) , hypertension, atherosclerosis, type I and type II diabetes and related complications, peripheral artery disease (PAD) , acute heart failure) , inflammatory skin diseases (e.g. hidradenitis suppurativa, acne) , wound healing and scar formation, asthma, sarcoidosis, age-related macular degeneration, and cancer related diseases / disorders (e.g. colon cancer, lung cancer, myeloproliferative neoplasms, leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) , myelofibrosis) .
[0101] Also disclosed herein are methods of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically affective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, disclosed herein.
[0102] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating NLRP3 inflammasome, in a subject in need thereof.
[0103] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, in a subject in need thereof.
[0104] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder, in a subject in need thereof.
[0105] Also disclosed herein is use of a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or disorder in which the NLRP3 signaling contributes to the pathology, symptoms, and / or progression of the disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is an auto-immune or auto-inflammatory disease. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is obesity. Dosing
[0106] In some embodiments, the compositions containing the compound (s) described herein are administered for therapeutic treatments. In certain therapeutic applications, the compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease or condition, in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest at least one of the symptoms of the disease or condition. Amounts effective for this use depend on the severity and course of the disease or condition, previous therapy, the patient’s health status, weight, and response to the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. Therapeutically effective amounts are optionally determined by methods including, but not limited to, a dose escalation and / or dose ranging clinical trial.
[0107] In some embodiments wherein the patient’s condition does not improve, upon the doctor’s discretion the administration of the compounds are administered chronically, that is, for an extended period of time, including throughout the duration of the patient’s life in order to ameliorate or otherwise control or limit the symptoms of the patient’s disease or condition. Routes of Administration
[0108] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections. Pharmaceutical Compositions / Formulations
[0109] The compounds described herein are administered to a subject in need thereof, either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered to animals.
[0110] In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. A summary of pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995) ; Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H.A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins1999) , herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure. Examples
[0111] For the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. The Examples provided herein describe the synthesis of compounds disclosed herein as well as intermediates used to prepare the compounds. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the present disclosure may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents and building blocks known in the art other than those described, and / or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Besides, persons skilled in the art will also understand that individual steps described herein or in the separate batches of a compound may be combined. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but rather is specified by the claims appended hereto. Abbreviations: Example INT1
[0112] To a solution of intermediate 4-1 (990.0 mg, 4.65 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) were added tributyl (1-ethoxyvinyl) stannane (3356.0 mg, 9.29 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (107.0 mg, 0.093 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 120 ℃ for 16 h under Ar. To the cooled reaction was added HCl (10 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (30 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 4-2 (500.0 mg, 61.0 %yield) as yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 12.20 (s, 1 H) , 6.53 (s, 1 H) , 3.26 -3.13 (m, 2 H) , 3.12 -3.02 (m, 2 H) , 2.63 (s, 3 H) , 2.57 (s, 3 H) .
[0113] To a solution of intermediate 4-2 (528.0 mg, 3.00 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) were added iodomethane (851 mg, 5.99 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.24 g, 8.99 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 4-3 (340.0 mg, 59.7 %yield) as yellow solid.
[0114] To a solution of intermediate 4-3 (300 mg, 1.58 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added Pyrrolidone hydrotribromide (860 mg, 1.74 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 4 h. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by Prep-TLC to give intermediate 4-4 (273 mg, 64 %yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ= 6.57 (s, 1 H) , 4.34 (s, 2 H) , 3.92 (s, 3 H) , 3.44 -3.33 (m, 2 H) , 3.22 -3.11 (m, 2 H) , 2.23 (s, 3 H) .
[0115] The skilled in the art would appreciate that Compound 4 was synthesized with intermediate 4-4 by corresponding methods shown below, and other exemplary compounds were synthesized with corresponding intermediates. Example INT2
[0116] To a solution of 2- (2, 6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) ethan-1-ol (5.00 g, 25.48 mmol, which was prepared according to the reference: JACS, 2004, 126, 11966-11983. ) in DCM (100 mL) was added BBr3 (5.40 mL, 56.07 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched by adding MeOH (15 mL) at 0 ℃ and the volatiles were removed in vacuo to give a residue. H2O (20 mL) was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the intermediate 5-1 (5.0 g, crude) as brown oil.
[0117] To a solution of intermediate 5-1 (5.0 g, crude) in acetone (400 mL) was added K2CO3 (15.00 g, 108.54 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 5-2 (2.74 g, 84%purity, 60.2%yield over 2 steps) as white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z: 151.1 (M+H) +.
[0118] To a solution of intermediate 5-2 (2.74 g, 18.24 mmol) in DCM (50.0 mL) were added acetic anhydride (5.64 mL, 60.20 mmol) and a solution of TiCl4 (13.00 mL, 118.58 mmol) in DCM (25.0 mL) at 0 ℃ in sequence. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hour and at 25 ℃ for another 5 hours. The mixture was quenched with H2O (20 mL) at 0 ℃, diluted with DCM (90 mL) and washed with H2O (30 mL x 2) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 5-3 (2.22 g, 63.3%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z: 193.1 (M+H) +.
[0119] To a solution of intermediate 5-3 (1200 mg, 6.24 mmol) and TEA (632 mg, 6.24 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (153 mg, 1.25 mmol) and benzoyl chloride (1141 mg, 8.12 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 5-4 (1561 mg, 84.4%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.21 -8.12 (m, 2 H) , 7.72 -7.64 (m, 1 H) , 7.58 -7.48 (m, 2 H) , 6.59 (s, 1 H) , 4.62 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.08 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.41 (s, 3 H) , 2.31 (s, 3 H) .
[0120] To a solution of intermediate 5-4 (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) and DCE (3 mL) was added CuBr2 (490 mg, 2.19 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 5-5 (500 mg, 79.0%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.20 -8.08 (m, 2 H) , 7.71 -7.61 (m, 1 H) , 7.61 -7.47 (m, 2 H) , 6.63 (s, 1 H) , 4.64 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 4.23 (s, 2 H) , 3.09 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.33 (s, 3 H) . Example INT3
[0121] To a solution of compound 6-1 (10.00 g, 36.35 mmol) in Dioxane / Water (150 mL / 30 mL) were added potassium trifluoro (vinyl) borate (6.30 g, 47.03 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (2.70 g, 3.69 mmol) and K2CO3 (12.6 g, 91.17 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 16 h. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 6-2 (7.70 g, 95.3%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.25 (s, 2 H) , 7.01 -6.93 (m, 1 H) , 6.18 (dd, J = 18.0, 2.8 Hz, 1 H) , 5.55 (dd, J = 12.4, 2.8 Hz, 1 H) , 3.92 (s, 3 H) , 3.90 (s, 6 H) .
[0122] To a solution of intermediate 6-2 (8.10 g, 36.45 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added 9-BBN (146 mL, 0.5M in THF, 73.00 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h, the reaction was diluted with THF / Water (50 mL / 50 mL) . To the mixture was added sodium perborate tetrahydrate (33.60 g, 218.38 mmol) and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 1 h. The suspension was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (50 mL) and filtered. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic phases were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-3 (8.60 g, 98.2%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.25 (s, 2 H) , 3.92 (s, 3 H) , 3.88 (s, 6 H) , 3.78 -3.72 (m, 2 H) , 3.01 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H) .
[0123] A solution of intermediate 6-3 (6.60 g, 27.47 mmol) in HOAc (35 mL) and HBr (48 wt%in water, 35 mL) was stirred at 120 ℃ for 16 h. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (50 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-4 (3.20 g, 64.7%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 181.1 (M+H) +.
[0124] To a solution of intermediate 6-4 (1.00 g, 5.55 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added sulfurous dichloride (2 mL) at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 65 ℃ for 6 h. The solvent was evaporated to give the residue. The residue was dissolved in saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-5 (0.37 g, 34.3%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.92 (s, 1 H) , 6.98 (s, 1 H) , 6.76 (s, 1 H) , 4.56 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H) , 3.09 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) .
[0125] To a solution of intermediate 6-5 (680.0 mg, 3.50 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added LiAlH4 (292.0 mg, 7.69 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with DCM (10 mL) , added water (0.5 mL) , 15%NaOH (0.5 mL) and water (1 mL) in sequence at 0 ℃. Na2SO4 was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred at rt for 10 min. The suspension was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-6 (494.0 mg, 84.9%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.33 (s, 1 H) , 6.28 (s, 1 H) , 6.18 (s, 1 H) , 5.03 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H) , 4.47 (t, J =8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 4.32 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2 H) , 2.99 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) .
[0126] To a solution of intermediate 6-6 (0.60 g, 3.61 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added PDC (2.70 g, 7.18 mmol) in portions while maintaining the inner temperature at 0 ℃. After the addition, the reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-7 (0.21 g, 35.4%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 9.83 (s, 1 H) , 6.90 -6.87 (m, 2 H) , 5.12 (s, 1 H) , 4.68 (t, J =8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.23 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) .
[0127] To a solution of intermediate 6-7 (0.26 g, 1.58 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added BAST (0.80 mL, 4.34 mmol) under N2 at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) , saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution (5 mL) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-8 (0.23 g, 78.2%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.64 -6.36 (m, 3 H) , 4.94 (br. s, 1 H) , 4.65 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 3.18 (t, J =8.8 Hz, 2 H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ = -110.16.
[0128] To a solution of intermediate 6-8 (230 mg, 1.23 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added NBS (0.22 g, 1.24 mmol) at -40 ℃. The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and the mixture was adjusted to pH = 4 with HCl (2N) and then extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-9 (0.28 g, 85.2%yield) as white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 263.0 (M-H) -.
[0129] To a solution of intermediate 6-9 (0.28 g, 1.06 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) were added tributyl (1-ethoxyvinyl) stannane (459.0 mg, 1.27 mmol) and Pd (PPh3) 4 (23.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) under Ar. After the addition, the reaction was stirred at 120 ℃ for 16 h. To the cooled reaction was added 4M HCl (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at rt for another 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-10 (0.16 g, 66.1%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 12.87 (s, 1 H) , 7.06 (t, J = 54.8 Hz, 1 H) , 6.76 (s, 1 H) , 4.74 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.22 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.66 (s, 3 H) .
[0130] To a solution of intermediate 6-10 (155.0 mg, 0.68 mmol) and TEA (69.0 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added DMAP (17.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) and benzoyl chloride (124.0 mg, 0.88 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 6-11 (220.0 mg, 97.4%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.25 -8.12 (m, 2 H) , 7.71 -7.65 (m, 1 H) , 7.57 -7.50 (m, 2 H) , 7.05 -6.75 (m, 2 H) , 4.70 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 3.16 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 2.46 (s, 3 H) .
[0131] To a solution of intermediate 6-11 (40.0 mg, 0.12 mmol) in EtOAc / DCE (1 mL / 1 mL) was added copper (II) bromide (36.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by Pre-TLC to give the crude intermediate 6-12 (49.0 mg) as white solid, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. Example INT4
[0132] To a solution of intermediate 2-8 (650 mg, 3.27 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (300 mg, 0.33 mmol) , tripotassium phosphate (2.0 g, 9.82 mmol) , cyclopropylboronic acid (1.1 g, 13.09 mmol) and tricyclohexyl phosphine (92 mg, 0.33 mmol) at rt under Ar. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 16 h under N2. The cooled reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 14-1 (650 mg, 97%yield) as yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.50 -6.45 (m, 2 H) , 3.80 (s, 3 H) , 2.46 (s, 3 H) , 2.20 (s, 3 H) , 1.88 -1.81 (m, 1 H) , 0.99 -0.94 (m, 2 H) , 0.72 -0.68 (m, 2 H) .
[0133] To a solution of intermediate 14-1 (650 mg, 3.18 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added Pyrrolidone hydrotribromide (1.5 g, 3.18 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 14-2 (680 mg, 75%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 282.9 (M+H) +. Example INT5
[0134] To a solution of intermediate 15-1 (600 mg, 2.58 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (667.4 mg, 3.88 mmol) and NBS (689.9 mg, 3.88 mmol) . The resulting solution was stirred at 40 ℃ for 30 min under microwave condition. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 15-2 (600 mg, 0.95 mmol, 49%purity, 36.8%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 311.0 (M+H) +. Example 1
[0135] To a mixture of intermediate 1-10 (200 mg, 1.17 mmol, prepared according to patent WO2021160602) and molecular sieves (20 mg) in toluene (3 mL) were added DPPA (484 mg, 1.76 mmol) and TEA (474 mg, 4.68 mmol) . After stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 h, to the mixture was added 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethan-1-ol (553 mg, 4.68 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 h. The cooled mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-11 (210 mg, 62%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 287.0 (M+H) +.
[0136] To a solution of intermediate 1-11 (150 mg, 0.52 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was added HCl (10 M in EtOH, 3 mL) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 1-8 (70 mg, crude) as yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 143.1 (M+H) +.
[0137] The mixture of intermediate 1-1 (1.0 g, 3.54 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (159 mg, 0.71 mmol) , tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (702 mg, 5.31 mmol) and K2CO3 (978 mg, 7.08 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 90 ℃ for 16 h under CO balloon. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-2 (790 mg, 71%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.80 (br. s, 1 H) , 8.96 (br. s, 1 H) , 6.97 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.92 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H) , 3.75 (s, 3 H) , 2.29 (s, 3 H) , 1.42 (s, 9 H) .
[0138] The solution of intermediate 1-2 (790 mg, 2.51 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (1.0 g, 2.47 mmol) in Dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-3 (300 mg, 36%yield) as yellow oil. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 9.48 (br. s, 1 H) , 8.82 (br. s, 1 H) , 6.84 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H) , 6.76 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1 H) , 3.79 (s, 3 H) , 2.31 (s, 3 H) , 1.52 (s, 9 H) .
[0139] To a solution of intermediate 1-3 (300 mg, 0.91 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) were added methyl 2-bromoacetate (153 mg, 1.00 mmol) and TEA (110 mg, 1.09 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 65 ℃ for 3 hr. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-4 (306 mg, 84%yield) as white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 402.9 (M+H) +. To a solution of intermediate 1-4 (366 mg, 0.91 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. To the residue was added water (15 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 1-5 (246 mg, crude) as yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 271.0 (M+H) +.
[0140] To a solution of intermediate 1-5 (246 mg, crude) in Dioxane (5 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (388 mg, 0.96 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 65 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-6 (260 mg, 99%yield over 2 steps) as green oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 287.0 (M+H) +.
[0141] To a solution of intermediate 1-6 (260 mg, 0.91 mmol) in THF (3 mL) and Water (1.5 mL) were added K2CO3 (315 mg, 2.28 mmol) and CH3I (336 mg, 2.37 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 1-7 (190 mg, 69%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 301.0 (M+H) +.
[0142] To a solution of intermediate 1-7 (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) and intermediate 1-8 (71 mg, 0.50 mmol) in Ethanol (1.5 mL) was added HCl (10 M in EtOH, 0.3 mL) , then stirred at rt for 10 min. TEA (167 mg, 1.65 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 16 h. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by pre-TLC to give intermediate 1-9 (55 mg, 42%yield) as white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 395.2 (M+H) +.
[0143] To a solution of intermediate 1-9 (10 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added BBr3 (0.6 mL, 0.60 mmol, 1 M in DCM) at -40 ℃. The reaction was stirred at -40 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with DCM, quenched with MeOH (1 mL) at -40 ℃ and concentrated to give a residue which was purified by prep-HPLC to give the mixture of cis-and trans-isomers. The mixture was purified by chiral SFC (System: Waters SFC 150, Method: Column: Column size: 250*25 mm 10 μm;Injection: 1.8 mL; Mobile phase A: Supercritical CO2; Mobile phase B: MeOH (+0.1%7.0mol / L Ammonia in MeOH) ; Flow rate: 120 mL / min; Wave length: 214 nm; Temperature: RT) to give Compound 1 (Rt = 2.774 min, first peak) . LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 380.9 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 8.08 (s, 0.3 H from HCOOH) , 6.88 -6.78 (m, 2 H) , 6.22 (br. s, 0.9 H) , 4.41 (s, 2 H) , 4.20 -4.06 (m, 1 H) , 3.16 (s, 2 H) , 2.79 -2.69 (m, 2 H) , 2.44 (s, 3 H) , 2.38 -2.30 (m, 2 H) . Example 2
[0144] To a solution of intermediate 2-8 (270 mg, 1.36 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added pyrrolidone hydrotribromide (443 mg, 1.36 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-TLC to give intermediate 2-6 (250 mg, 66%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.86 (s, 1 H) , 6.78 (s, 1 H) , 4.32 (s, 2 H) , 3.84 (s, 3 H) , 2.26 (s, 3 H) .
[0145] To a solution of intermediate 2-1 (1.0 g, 5.91 mmol, prepared according to patent WO2021160602) and molecular sieves (200 mg) in Toluene (15 mL) were added DPPA (2.44 g, 8.87 mmol) and TEA (2.39 g, 23.64 mmol) . After stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 h, BnOH (2.45 mL, 23.64 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 2-2 (750 mg, 46%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.38 -7.30 (m, 5 H) , 6.47 (br. s, 1 H) , 5.08 (s, 2 H) , 5.06 -5.00 (m, 1 H) , 3.98 -3.92 (m, 1 H) , 2.60 -2.56 (m, 2 H) , 2.40 -2.30 (m, 2 H) , 2.20 -2.11 (m, 4 H) .
[0146] To a solution of intermediate 2-2 (750 mg, 2.73 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added Pd / C (150 mg) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h under H2 balloon. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 2-3 (383 mg, 100%yield) as colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.05 (s, 1 H) , 3.33 -3.26 (m, 1 H) , 2.52 -2.47 (m, 2 H) , 2.36 -2.32 (m, 2 H) , 2.15 -2.11 (m, 2 H) , 1.92 -1.87 (m, 2 H) .
[0147] To a mixture of intermediate 2-3 (190 mg, 1.35 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) and water (2.5 mL) were added CaCO3 (271 mg, 2.71 mmol) and thiophosgene (0.31 mL, 4.07 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 2-4 (160 mg, 65%yield) as yellow solid, which was used for next step directly. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 183.0 (M+H) +.
[0148] To a solution of hydrazine hydrate (62 mg, 1.05 mmol, 85wt%) in MeOH (5 mL) was added the solution of intermediate 2-4 (160 mg, 0.88 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 2-5 (170 mg, 0.79 mmol, 90%yield) as yellow solid, which was used for next step directly. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 215.0 (M+H) +.
[0149] To a solution of intermediate 2-6 (140 mg, 0.50 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was added intermediate 2-5 (76 mg, 0.35 mmol) and AcOH (0.04 mL, 0.71 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt for 10 minutes and then stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-TLC to give intermediate 2-7 (100 mg, 72%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 391.0 (M-H) -.
[0150] To a solution of intermediate 2-7 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added BBr3 (2.55 mL, 2.55 mmol, 1M in DCM) at -40 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -40 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH (3 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give Compound 2. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 379.0 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 8.03 (s, 2.4 H from HCOOH) , 6.92 -6.84 (m, 2 H) , 6.58 (br. s, 0.8 H) , 4.13 -3.98 (m, 1 H) , 3.72 (s, 2 H) , 2.72 -2.62 (m, 2 H) , 2.47 -2.40 (m, 2 H) , 2.28 (s, 3H) , 2.27 -2.16 (m, 4 H) . Example 3
[0151] To a solution of 2- (2, 6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) ethan-1-ol (5.00 g, 25.48 mmol, which was prepared according to the reference: JACS, 2004, 126, 11966-11983. ) in DCM (100 mL) was added BBr3 (5.40 mL, 56.07 mmol) dropwise at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched by adding MeOH (15 mL) at 0 ℃ and the volatiles were removed in vacuo to give a residue. H2O (20 mL) was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the intermediate 9-8 (5.0 g, crude) as brown oil.
[0152] To a solution of intermediate 9-8 (5.0 g, crude) in acetone (400 mL) was added K2CO3 (15.00 g, 108.54 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 9-9 (2.74 g, 84%purity, 60.2%yield over 2 steps) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z: 151.1 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.25 (br. s, 1 H) 6.10 (s, 1 H) 6.05 (s, 1 H) 4.44 (t, J = 8.80 Hz, 2 H) 2.96 (t, J = 8.80 Hz, 2 H) 2.13 (s, 3 H) .
[0153] To a solution of intermediate 9-9 (2.74 g, 18.24 mmol) in DCM (50.0 mL) were added acetic anhydride (5.64 mL, 60.200 mmol) and a solution of TiCl4 (13.00 mL, 118.58 mmol) in DCM (25.0 mL) at 0 ℃ in sequence. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hour and at 25 ℃ for 5 hours. The mixture was quenched with H2O (20 mL) at 0 ℃, and diluted with DCM (90 mL) . After extraction, the organic layer was washed with H2O (30 mL x 2) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 9-10 (2.22 g, 63.3%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z: 193.1 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 10.77 (br. s, 1 H) 6.21 (s, 1 H) 4.54 (t, J = 8.80 Hz, 2 H) 3.06 (t, J = 8.80 Hz, 2 H) 2.47 (s, 3 H) 2.22 (s, 3H) .
[0154] To a solution of intermediate 9-10 (1200 mg, 6.24 mmol) and TEA (632 mg, 6.24 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (153 mg, 1.25 mmol) and benzoyl chloride (1141 mg, 8.12 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 9-11 (1561 mg, 84.4%yield) as white solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.21 -8.12 (m, 2 H) , 7.72 -7.64 (m, 1 H) , 7.58 -7.48 (m, 2 H) , 6.59 (s, 1 H) , 4.62 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 3.08 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.41 (s, 3 H) , 2.31 (s, 3 H) .
[0155] To a solution of intermediate 9-11 (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) and DCE (3 mL) was added CuBr2 (490 mg, 2.19 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the intermediate 9-6 (500 mg, 79.0%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.20 -8.08 (m, 2 H) , 7.71 -7.61 (m, 1 H) , 7.61 -7.47 (m, 2 H) , 6.63 (s, 1 H) , 4.64 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H) , 4.23 (s, 2 H) , 3.09 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.33 (s, 3 H) .
[0156] To a solution of intermediate 9-1 (2.1 g, 12.27 mmol, prepared according to patent WO2021160602) in toluene (50 mL) were added TEA (5.0 g, 49.10 mmol) , MS (300 mg) and DPPA (5.0 g, 18.40 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 h. To the mixture was added benzyl alcohol (5.3 g, 49.10 mmol) and then stirred at 85 ℃ for another 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 9-2 (710 mg, 21%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 277.0 (M+H) +.
[0157] To a solution of intermediate 9-2 (920 mg, 3.33 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added Pd / C (180 mg) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 h under H2 balloon. The cooled mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 9-3 (470 mg, 99%yield) as colorless oil, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 143.1 (M+H) +
[0158] To a mixture of CaCO3 (380 mg, 3.80 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) and Water (2 mL) were added intermediate 9-3 (180 mg, 1.27 mmol) and thiophosgene (233 mg, 2.03 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 9-4 (160 mg, crude) as yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.19 (br. s, 1 H) , 4.35 (s, 2 H) , 3.92 -3.88 (m, 1 H) , 2.82 -2.77 (m, 2 H) , 2.68 -2.62 (m, 2 H) .
[0159] A solution of intermediate 9-4 (160 mg, crude) in MeOH (3 mL) was added dropwise into a solution of hydrazine hydrate (61.4 mg, 1.04 mmol, 85wt%) in MeOH (2 mL) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 9-5 (170 mg, 62%yield over 2 steps) as yellow solid, which was used for next step directly. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 217.0 (M+H) +.
[0160] To a mixture of intermediate 9-6 (105 mg, 0.28 mmol) and intermediate 9-5 (50 mg, 0.23 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) was added HBr (48wt%in water) (58 mg, 0.35 mmol) . After the addition, the reaction was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 h. The cooled mixture was added NH4OH until pH = 10 at 0 ℃. To the mixture was added H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by Pre-TLC to give intermediate 9-7 (50 mg, 43%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 493.2 (M+H) +.
[0161] To a solution of intermediate 9-7 (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added K2CO3 (69 mg, 0.50 mmol) . After the addition, the reaction was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. The cooled mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Waters 3767, Column: Pursuit Xrs C18, 21.2*250mm, 10 μm; Mobile Phase A: 0.1%FA / H2O, B: ACN; flow rate: 20mL / min; gradient: 13 -23%; Retention Time: 7.3 -8.6 of 17 min) to give Compound 9. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 389.0 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 8.06 (s, 0.2 H from HCOOH) , 6.26 (s, 1 H) , 6.19 (br. s, 0.8 H) , 4.58 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 4.38 (s, 2 H) , 4.19 -4.09 (m, 1 H) , 3.54 (s, 2 H) , 3.09 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H) , 2.73 -2.66 (m, 2 H) , 2.39 -2.31 (m, 5 H) .
[0162] The compounds below were prepared according to similar procedures as Compound 1, Compound 2 or Compound 9 by using appropriate starting materials, reagents and intermediates with modified reaction conditions. Example 4
[0163] To a solution of intermediate 18-1 (5.05 g, 23.24 mmol, prepared according to patent US2015 / 158879) and TEA (4.7 g, 46.45 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added benzoyl chloride (3.9 g, 27.74 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 18-2 (6.43 g, 86%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 322.1 (M+H) +.
[0164] To a solution of intermediate 18-2 (6.43 g, 20.01 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added TFA (6 mL) . After the addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added water (20 mL) and the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH =7 with saturated NaHCO3 solution at 0 ℃. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 18-3 (4.0 g, 90%yield) as yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 222.0 (M+H) +.
[0165] To a solution of intermediate 18-3 (2 g, 9.04 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added di (1H-imidazol-1-yl) methanethione (1.8 g, 10.10 mmol) in portions at 0 ℃. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 18-4 (2.2 g, crude) as yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 331.9 (M+H) +.
[0166] To a solution of intermediate 18-4 (2.2 g, crude) in acetonitrile (30 mL) were added tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (1.7 g, 12.86 mmol) and TEA (1.7 g, 16.80 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 18-5 (370 mg, 0.94 mmol, 10%yield over 2 steps, single isomer) as white solid. Two isomers were separated during column chromatography. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 396.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.10 (br. s, 1 H) , 8.72 (br. s, 1 H) , 8.10 -8.00 (m, 3 H) , 7.72 -7.63 (m, 1 H) , 7.58 -7.50 (m, 2 H) , 5.41 (s, 1 H) , 4.48 -4.40 (m, 1 H) , 4.21 (s, 2 H) , 2.56 -2.50 (m, 2 H) , 2.27 -2.15 (m, 2 H) , 1.42 (s, 9 H) .
[0167] To a solution of intermediate 18-5 (350 mg, 0.89 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . After the addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. Then the mixture was concentrated. To the residue was added water (10 mL) and the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH =7 with saturated NaHCO3 at 0 ℃ and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 18-6 (260 mg, 99%yield) as yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 296.2 (M+H) +.
[0168] To a solution of intermediate 4-4 (60 mg, 0.22 mmol) and intermediate 18-6 (65 mg, 0.22 mmol) in EtOH (6 mL) was added AcOH (26 mg, 0.43 mmol) . After the addition, the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 h. To the cooled reaction mixture was added water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by pre-TLC to give intermediate 18-7 (60 mg, 59 %yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 466.4 (M+H) +
[0169] To a solution of intermediate 18-7 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added BBr3 (1.3 mL, 2.60 mmol, 2M in DCM) at -40 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -40 ℃ for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with DCM, and quenched with water (3 mL) at -40 ℃. Saturated NaHCO3 solution was added until the pH was 8-9. To the mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 18-8 (50 mg, 85 %yield) as yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 452.2 (M+H) +.
[0170] To a solution of intermediate 18-8 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added K2CO3 (76 mg, 0.55 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Waters 3767 / QDA) Column: SunFire C18, 19*250mm, 10 μm; Mobile Phase A: 0.1%FA / H2O, B: ACN; flow rate: 20mL / min; gradient: 13-23%Retention Time: 5.9-6.7 of 17 min) to give Compound 18. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 348.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 8.12 (s, 0.6 H from HCOOH) , 6.58 (s, 1 H) , 4.06 -3.95 (m, 1 H) , 3.51 (s, 2 H) , 3.46 (s, 2 H) , 3.15 -3.06 (m, 4 H) , 2.63 -2.54 (m, 2 H) , 2.32 (s, 3 H) , 2.07 -1.98 (m, 2 H) . Example 5
[0171] To a solution of NaH (148 mg, 3.70 mmol, 60%dispersion in mineral oil) in DMF (10 mL) was added a solution of intermediate 23-1 (700 mg, 3.08 mmol, prepared according to patent WO2021160602) in DMF (5 mL) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 minutes. After warmed to rt and stirred for 30 minutes, iodomethane (525 mg, 3.70 mmol) was added at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (25 mL) and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL x3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 23-2 (530 mg, 71 %yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 242.0 (M+H) +.
[0172] To a solution of intermediate 23-2 (580 mg, 2.40 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (10 mL) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 23-3 (450 mg, crude) as yellow solid, which was used in next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 186.0 (M+H) +.
[0173] To a solution of intermediate 23-3 (420 mg, 2.27 mmol) in Toluene (10 mL) were added MS (50 mg) , DPPA (936 mg, 3.40 mmol) and TEA (918 mg, 9.07 mmol) at rt. After stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 h, benzyl alcohol (981 mg, 9.07 mmol) was added at 45 ℃ and warmed to 85 ℃, the mixture was stirred for another 16 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 23-4 (350 mg, 53%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 291.0. (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.45 -7.30 (m, 5 H) , 5.09 (s, 2 H) , 5.00 (br. s, 1 H) , 4.29 (s, 2 H) , 3.95 -3.85 (m, 1 H) , 2.90 (s, 3 H) , 2.55 -2.38 (m, 4 H) .
[0174] To a solution of intermediate 23-4 (180 mg, 0.62 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added Pd / C (50 mg) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 3 hours under H2 balloon. The cooled mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 23-5 (90 mg, 93%yield) as white solid, which was used in next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 157.0 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 4.26 (s, 2 H) , 3.35 -3.23 (m, 1 H) , 2.87 (s, 3 H) , 2.41 -2.31 (m, 2 H) , 2.20 -2.13 (m, 2 H) .
[0175] To a solution of intermediate 23-5 (90 mg, 0.57 mmol) in Water (2 mL) and DCM (4 mL) were added CaCO3 (115 mg, 1.15 mmol) and thiophosgene (199 mg, 1.73 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at rt for 3 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 23-6 (100 mg, 88%yield) as yellow solid, which was used in next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 198.9 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 4.27 (s, 2 H) , 4.01 -3.94 (m, 1 H) , 2.94 (s, 3 H) , 2.76 -2.71 (m, 2 H) , 2.60 -2.55 (m, 2 H) .
[0176] To a solution of intermediate 23-6 (100 mg, 0.50 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added dropwise a solution of hydrazine hydrate (30 mg, 0.59 mmol, 98wt%) in MeOH (1 mL) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 23-7 (110 mg, 95%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 231.0. (M+H) +.
[0177] To a solution of intermediate 23-7 (90 mg, 0.39 mmol) in NMP (3 mL) were added intermediate 5-5 (176 mg, 0.47 mmol) and HBr (48%Wt in water, 0.07 mL, 0.58 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 h. To the cooled mixture was added NH4OH until pH ~ 10 at 0 ℃. To the mixture was added water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-TLC to give intermediate 23-8 (50 mg, 25%yield) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 507.1 (M+H) +.
[0178] To a solution of intermediate 23-8 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added K2CO3 (20 mg, 0.15 mmol) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Waters 3767 / QDA, Column: SunFire C18, 19*250mm, 10 um; Mobile Phase A: H2O (containing 0.1%FA) , B: ACN, flow rate: 20mL / min; gradient: 13-23%, Retention Time: 7.6 -9 of 17 min) to give compound 23. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 403.2 (M+H) +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ = 8.08 (s, 0.22 H from HCOOH) , 6.29 (s, 1 H) , 4.61 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 4.37 (s, 2 H) , 4.31 -4.20 (m, 1 H) , 3.59 (s, 2 H) , 3.13 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2 H) , 2.87 (s, 3 H) , 2.63 -2.46 (m, 4 H) , 2.35 (s, 3 H) . Example 5.1
[0179] To a solution of intermediate 19-1 (3.0 g, 16.20 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) were added ammonium acetate (10.0 g, 129.73 mmol) and NaCN (953 mg, 19.45 mmol) . After the addition, the reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. To the reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 19-2 (3.4 g, 99%yield) as white solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 212.1 (M+H) +.
[0180] To a solution of intermediate 19-2 (500 mg, 2.37 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added platinum (IV) oxide (54 mg, 0.24 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 6 h under H2 balloon. The cooled reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 19-3 (330 mg, crude) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 216.1 (M+H) +.
[0181] To a solution of intermediate 19-3 (280 mg, 1.30 mmol) in THF (2 mL) were added TEA (263 mg, 2.60 mmol) and a solution of triphosgene (136 mg, 0.46 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) dropwise at -10 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. To the reaction mixture was added saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 19-4 (130 mg, 41%yield) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 242.2 (M+H) +.
[0182] A solution of intermediate 19-4 (130 mg, 0.54 mmol) in HCl / dioxane (4M, 2 mL) was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 19-5 (90 mg, crude) as yellow solid, which was used for synthesis of Compound 19. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 142.1 (M+H) +. Example 5.2
[0183] To a mixture of CaCO3 (1.0 g, 9.99 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and Water (5 mL) were added intermediate 20-1 (450 mg, 3.43 mmol) and thiophosgene (789 mg, 6.86 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 20-2 (560 mg, 94%yield) as yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 4.34 -4.27 (m, 1 H) , 4.14 -4.06 (m, 1 H) , 3.93 -3.80 (m, 1 H) , 3.69 -3.56 (m, 2 H) , 1.47 (s, 3 H) , 1.37 (s, 3 H) .
[0184] A solution of intermediate 20-2 (560 mg, 3.23 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added dropwise a solution of hydrazine hydrate (85wt%) (229 mg, 3.89 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 20-3 (660 mg, crude) as yellow solid, which was used for synthesis of Compound 20. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 206.1 (M+H) +. Example 5.3
[0185] To a solution of intermediate 22-1 (0.6 g, 3.55 mmol, prepared according to patent WO2021160602) and 200 mg molecular sieves in Toluene (15 mL) were added DPPA (1.46 g, 5.31 mmol) and TEA (2 mL, 14.19 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 h. To the mixture was added phenylmethanol (1.53 g, 14.15 mmol) and mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 22-2 (0.6 g, 61%yield) as yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ =7.51 -7.28 (m, 5 H) , 6.24 (br. s, 1 H) , 5.09 (s, 2 H) , 4.95 (br. s, 1 H) , 4.19 -4.08 (m, 1 H) , 2.64 -2.55 (m, 2 H) , 2.38 -2.30 (m, 2 H) , 2.22 -2.11 (m, 4 H) .
[0186] To the solution of intermediate 22-2 (0.6 g, 2.19 mmol) in MeOH (15mL) was added Pd / C (0.12 g) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h under H2 balloon. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 22-3 (0.3 g, 98%yield) as yellow oil, which was used for synthesis of Compound 22. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 141.2 (M+H) +. Example 5.4
[0187] To a solution of intermediate 26-1 (2.2 g, 10.37 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added LiAlH4 (2.0 g, 51.80 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h under N2. The reaction mixture was worked up by adding water (5 mL) , followed by NaOH aqueous solution (10wt%) (5 mL) and water (5 mL) . After stirring the suspension for 30 min at 20 ℃ and dried over Na2SO4, the mixture was filtered through Celite and washed with THF. The solvents were evaporated to give intermediate 26-2 (1.4 g, crude) as yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 217.0 (M+H) +.
[0188] To a solution of intermediate 26-2 (1.5 g, 6.94 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TEA (1.4 g, 13.87 mmol) . To the mixture was added a solution of triphosgene (0.7 g, 2.36 mmol) in THF (30 mL) dropwise at -10 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 26-3 (1.05 g, crude) as yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 187.0 (M+H-56) +.
[0189] To a solution of intermediate 26-3 (1.05 g, crude) in MeOH (5 mL) was added HCl (10 mL, 4N in dioxane) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 26-4 (770 mg, crude) as black solid, which was used for synthesis of Compound 26. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 143.0 (M+H) +. Example 5.5
[0190] To a solution of intermediate 30-1 (900 mg, 3.99 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added m-CPBA (1.2 g, 85wt%, 5.99 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at rt for 16 h. To the mixture was added water (20 mL) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (40 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution (40 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 30-2 (900 mg, 93%yield) as yellow solid, which was used for synthesis of Compounds 30a and 30b. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 186.1 (M+H-56) +. Example 5.6
[0191] To a solution of intermediate 30-2 (200 mg, 0.83 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added lithium aluminum hydride (63 mg, 1.66 mmol) under N2 at 0 ℃. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added 10wt%NaOH aqueous solution (0.5 mL) slowly at 0 ℃ and the resulting mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 35-1 (180 mg, 89%yield) as yellow oil, which was used for next step directly. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 246.2 (M+H) +.
[0192] To a solution of intermediate 35-1 (180 mg, 0.73 mmol) in Toluene (10 mL) was added 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (759 mg, 4.38 mmol) at rt. After the addition, the reaction was stirred at 130 ℃ for 16 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 35-2 (160 mg, crude) as yellow oil, which was used for synthesis of Compound 35. LC-MS (ESI+) : m / z 128.2 (M+H) +. Example 5.7
[0193] The compounds below were prepared according to similar procedures as Compound 23 by using appropriate starting materials, reagents and intermediates with modified reaction conditions. Example B-1: NLRP3 Enzymatic Activity ADP-Glo Assay
[0194] NLRP3 activity test experiment, measuring the hydrolysis of NLRP3 on the substrate ATP using the ADP-Glo assay. First, after adding a solution of test compounds at a desired concentration containing 0.5%DMSO to each well with Echo Acoustic Liquid Handler, add 5 μL of NLRP3 (ICE, YM2306T-H06MHS) enzyme solution to each well, centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1 min at room temperature and react for 10 min. Then add 5 μL of ATP (Promega, V915A) substrate solution to each well for 90 min at room temperature; NLRP3 and ATP were prepared in 50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.01%Brij-35, 1 mM EGTA, and 2 mM DTT buffers at final concentrations of 15 nM and 1 μM, respectively. Subsequently, 10μL ADP-Glo reagent solution (Promega, V9102) was added into each assay well, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min, and then incubated at room temperature for 45 min. Finally, 20uL ADP-Glo detection solution (Promega, V9102) is added to each well, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min and reacted for 45 min at room temperature. The luminescence signal values were read using a BMG instrument and the IC50 values were determined by fitting the data to an S-shaped dose-response curve using nonlinear regression. The Enzymatic ADP-Glo Assay data for exemplary compounds are shown in Table 3. Example B-2: Inhibition of IL-1β release in THP-1
[0195] THP-1 (Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells, ATCC) were cultured in complete medium (RPMI 1640 medium containing 10%FBS, 55μM β-Mercaptoethanol and 1%Penicillin / Streptomycin) . The cells were harvested and resuspended with complete medium containing 50ng / mL of PMA (Sigma, P1585) , and then plated into 96-well plate that has been pre-treated with Poly-L-Lysine at a concentration of 5×104 cells / well. After 24 hours incubation, serum-free medium containing LPS (Sigma, L6529) were used to replace the complete medium and incubated for 3 hours. The test compounds were sequentially diluted by DMSO and serum-free medium and were added into cells that have been stimulated with LPS for 3 hours at multiple concentrations (Starting at 1 μM, 3-fold dilution, 9 doses) with a final DMSO concentration of 0.1%and incubated at 37℃ in 5%CO2 for 30 minutes. After that, nigericin (MCE, HY-127019) were added into cells at a final concentration of 5μg / mL and incubated for 1 hour. The concentration of secreted IL-1β in the cell supernatant were detected by ELISA (4A BIOTECH, CHE0001) . The THP-1 IL-1β IC50 data for exemplary compounds are shown in Table 3. TABLE 3. Biological Activity ADP-Glo Assay IC50 (nM) : 0<A≤20; 20<B≤100; 100<C≤1000; 1000<D. THP-1 IL-1β IC50 (nM) : 0<A≤10; 10<B≤100; 100<C≤1000; 1000<D.
[0196] Other compounds disclosed herein also show NLRP3 inhibitory activity and / or IL-1β release inhibitory activity. Example B-3: Pharmacokinetics in SD rats
[0197] Male SD rats received either a single intravenous injection or single oral administration of the compound in a cocktail preparation. Doses of 1 mg / kg (per compound, intravenous administration) and 5 mg / kg (per compound, orally) were given as solutions in different formulations as needed, e.g., 5%DMSO+95% (10%HP-β-CD in saline) . Consecutive blood samples were taken via a submandibular vein or other suitable veins from n = 3 animals per route of administration after 0.083 (iv only) , 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h and were further processed to obtain plasma.
[0198] Compounds disclosed herein displayed proper pharmacokinetic performance.
[0199] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof,wherein:X is -N (RX) -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, or -S (O) 2-;RX is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more R;L is a bond or -N (RL) -;RL is hydrogen, alkyl, or haloalkyl;or RL and RX in Formula (A) taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R;or RL and one of R1a and R1b in Formula (B) taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, wherein the heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R;each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl;or R1a and R1b taken together form an oxo;or R1a and R1b taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R11;each R11 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;each R2 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -SH, -SRa, -SF5, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more R;or two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form an aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R21;each R21 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;R3 is a spiro heterocyclyl, a bridged heterocyclyl, a fused heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R31;each R31 is independently halogen, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, SF5, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) (=NRb) Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -N=S (=O) RcRd, -P (=O) RcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, wherein he alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, aminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more R;each Ra is independently alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R;each Rb is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more R;each of Rc and Rd is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more R;or Rc and Rd taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R; andeach R is independently halogen, oxo, -CN, -OH, -NO2, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heteroalkyl, or cycloalkyl; andn is any integer of 0-6,provided that the compound is not2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein X is -S-.3.The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein L is -N (RL) -.4.The compound of claim 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein RL is hydrogen.5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen or alkyl.6.The compound of claim 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each of R1a and R1b is independently hydrogen or -CH3.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R2 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl, or two R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more R21.8.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each Ra is independently alkyl.9.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein one or more R2 is independently -F, -Cl, -CN, -OH, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH(CH3) 2, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -OCH3, -OCF3, -OCH2F, -OCHF2 or cyclopropyl.10.The compound of claim 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein two of R2 taken together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, tetrahydrofuryl or dihydrofuryl.11.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is 12.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is a spiro heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31.13.The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound has Formula (A-1) or (B-1) : whereinRing A is a C4-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl;Ring B is a C3-7 cycloalkyl or 4-to 7-membered heterocyclyl;each of R3A or R3B is independently R31;p is any integer of 0-3; andq is any integer of 0-3.14.The compound of claim 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring A is a C4-5 cycloalkyl, and Ring B is a 4-to 5-membered heterocyclyl.15.The compound of claim 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring A is a C4 cycloalkyl or 4-membered heterocyclyl, and Ring B is a C5 cycloalkyl or 5-membered heterocyclyl.16.The compound of claim 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Ring A is a C4 cycloalkyl, and Ring B is a 5-membered heterocyclyl.17.The compound of any one of claims 12-16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R31 is independently oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl.18.The compound of claims 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R31 is independently oxo, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2 or 19.The compound of claims 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein each R31 is independently oxo, -CD3, -CD2CD3, -CD (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2 or 20.The compound of any one of claims 12-19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is 21.The compound of any one of claims 20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is 22.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is a bridged heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31.23.The compound of any one of claims 1-10 and 22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is 24.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is a fused heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R31.25.The compound of any one of claims 1-10 and 24 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R3 is 26.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the compound is selected from any compound set forth in Table 1 or Table 2.27.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.28.A method of modulating or inhibiting NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 27.29.A method of treating a disease or disorder in which the NLRP3 signaling contributes to the pathology, symptoms, and / or progression of the disease or disorder, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 27.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the disease or disorder is an auto-immune or auto-inflammatory disease, or wherein the disease or disorder is obesity.31.A method of reducing body weight in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-26, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 27.