Internal combustion engine, electromechanical motor and transmission

Abstract

1. Chakra – Unique single stroke Linear displacement High efficiency Hydraulic Fluid driven reciprocating piston ICE 2. VaayuVisai – High pressure Multi-Fuel dispenser for ICE 3. MinVisai Chakra – Unique single stroke Linear displacement -AC-DC Electro Mechanical motor / Engine. 4. Chakra-MinVisai Chakra-Hybrid – Multi piston – ICE version two- Multiple piston heavy duty 5. DwiChakra – Twin Engine configuration of high Torque and high speed for heavy duty 6. Meru – Multiple discrete Gear combo frictionless CVT. 7. Lahima – Single Disc Progressive gear combo frictionless CVT.

Description

[0001] TITLE OF INVENTION - CHAKRA

[0002] Package of Advanced, Novel - Internal combustion engine (ICE), Electro Mechanical motor and Common Variable Transmission Gears (CVT) for Automobiles and Industries.

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD: Automobile, Electrical and Industry machinery.

[0004] BACKGROUND ART: Current internal combustion engines are less efficient due to losses in energy and deficiencies in design.

[0005] Electrical motors - working principle demands large number of metal coils leading to heating and power losses and proportionately more current draw from EV batteries.

[0006] Current CVTs are based on friction oriented operations.

[0007] All above factors lead to considerable loss in fuel, power and performance with increased maintenance costs on long run.

[0008] CHAKRA package addresses all the above existing concerns.

[0009] SUMMARY:

[0010] Below is a comprehensive explanation of difference between current and proposed model of Chakra package.

[0011] § Non

[0012] § pist

[0013] § Pistons are joined to cranks which are § Linear relay of energy from piston to

[0014] § rotated in angled fashion from piston § rotor of engine shaft on high torque,

[0015] § to crank and crank to shaft. § most efficient energy conversion.

[0016] § Mandated piston pumping- § Isolated piston from rotating

[0017] § Piston is connected with angled crank § shaft-

[0018] § shaft to engine shift, mandating the

[0019] § continuous pumping of piston § Isolated rotary motion of shaft

[0020] § incurring unnecessary fuel spend and § without connecting crank, piston

[0021] § non-flexibility of rotary motion on the § pumping can be limited while engine

[0022] § run time of the load. § shaft is rotating as required. Electrical motor limitation (EV)- § New model Electro Mechanical

[0023] § motor-

[0024] Current electrical motor demands higher number of coils , leading to § New model Electro mechanical motor heating, power losses, higher power § has much reduced coil for same power draw from battery leading to battery § output, reduced heat and power heating, Need of conversion from DC § losses. to AC in most cases or if DC motor § Can work on both AC and DC without demands permanent magnet for § any change in design or accessories. performance. § An Equivalent motor to torque of current model consumes lesser power.

[0025] Frictional losses in vital § Lesser accessories- accessories-

[0026] § No drive trains. PCT, gears or friction

[0027] Drive trains, DCTs, gears, Friction § CVTs. Increased performance, CVTs, cause substantial power loss § maintainability and much limited wear and eventually increases § and tear. maintainability and replacement costs

[0028] Constriction in Speed to Torque § Unique combination engines and delivery§ principle- in existing models when there is a § Provides option of twin engines, which sudden increase in load, engine § can deliver high torque and high chokes and stammers. § speed individually at same time.

[0029] Added features in Invention:

[0030] 1. Enables continuous trickle charging of EV battery along with providing an option of Variable Regenerative braking.

[0031] 2. Eliminates requirement of Planetary gears.

[0032] 3. Gives provision for Multiple discrete CVT as well Progressive CVT both are unique non-friction CVTs.

[0033] 4. Provides flexibility to choose the following on run time-

[0034] • Number of Engines

[0035] • Number of Pistons

[0036] • Progressive set of Gear ratios

[0037] • Amount, Type of fuel to be sent to each piston. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] 1. Chakra - Unique single stroke Linear displacement High efficiency

[0039] Hydraulic Fluid driven reciprocating piston ICE

[0040] Holistic side view of complete engine - page

[0041] 1.1 - Cross section view of a section of Runner casing cavity with runner heads

[0042] And runner spokes and casing runner groove

[0043] 1.2 - Cross section view of Engine Runner casing with cross section of runner head, runner spoke, Runner casing grooves, Ball bearings

[0044] 1.3 Cross section of piston head, piston and conjecture into runner casing cavity.

[0045] 2. VaayuVisai - High pressure Multi-Fuel dispenser for ICE

[0046] 2.1 - Cross section of Fuel compartment valves on Venturi tube

[0047] 2.2 - Sleeve on Engine piston connected from other end of Venturi tube.

[0048] 3. MinVisai Chakra - Unique single stroke Linear displacement AC-DC Electro Mechanical motor

[0049] 3.1 Electrical piston - PLR controlled cross section of piston of Electro-mechanical motor / Engine.

[0050] 4. Chakra-MinVisai Chakra-Hybrid - Multi piston - ICE version two

[0051] 5. DwiChakra - Twin Engine configuration of high Torque and high speed for heavy duty - perpendicular to base - Version 1

[0052] 5.1 Dwichakra - version 2 - Counter spinning Twin engine configured parallel to base.

[0053] 6. Meru - Multiple Gear combo discrete frictionless CVT.

[0054] 7. Lahima - Single Disc Progressive combo gear frictionless CVT.

[0055] 8. Derived utility -

[0056] 8.1 - Runner head specification in ICE engine - Wedge shaped at one side and concave on the other.

[0057] 8.2 - CVT runner head bidirectional- both side concave

[0058] 8.3 - Forward gear

[0059] 8.4 - Reverse gear

[0060] 8.5 - Differential gear arrangement with direction adaptor.

[0061] 8.6 - Multipurpose Direction adaptor

[0062] 8.7 - Holistic view of Differential gear model replacing traditional planetary gear model. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

[0063] 1. CHAKRA - SINGLE STROKE, LINEAR DISPLACEMENT, HYDRAULICALLY DRIVEN, RECIPROCATING ENGINE

[0064] The Engine is of Stator and Rotor configuration.

[0065] Stator houses the rotor and covers the engine while mounted on engine shaft.

[0066] The perimeter in the casing is shaped to have a cavity at the circumference, providing space to place the runner head of the rotor, in such a way that, rotor is free to rotate on the inner base of the Stator cavity, where rotor wheel rests on the stator casing base. Rotor spokes are fixed on to engine shaft.

[0067] Rotor / Runner heads protrude out of the runner spokes and will be placed in Runner casing cavity, these heads have a provision to be retracted into the spokes at certain points while rotating.

[0068] The cavity is filled with incompressible, heat-resistant, low viscous hydraulic fluid with volume that enables one piston is in compressed state while other in bottom dead position of power stroke.

[0069] Refer Page 21 Fig 1

[0070] The Chakra engine view from outside, where only casing is seen.

[0071] Refer Page 21 Fig 1.2, Fig 1.3

[0072] Shows the casing cavity and base of cavity with a provision to house the Runner wheel firmly when the casing is fit onto Rotor and vice versa. The runner casing cavity houses the runner wheel at inner edge of cavity forming the base of cavity and runner head is placed in the cavity.

[0073] The Spokes are fit with knobs which when pulled back externally retracts the runner head into spokes, the runner heads are put back in place by spring inside the spokes cavity when knobs are released during rotation. The stator casing contains the groove to interact with spoke knobs to retract the runner heads.

[0074] The cylindrical pistons are placed inside piston heads where the top end of piston heads shall contain a sleeve / slot of opening for fuel inlet. The piston head, piston size are designed to house a compression stroke, fuel inlet and exhaust outlet which would be a similar slot / sleeve at bottom end.

[0075] Working principle:

[0076] The runner casing is completely filled with hydraulic fluid which is with traits like incompressible, heat-resistant. Low viscous. The Volume of fluid is such a way that it fills the cavity airtight with Runners in it and filled to brim into piston head with one piston at compression top end while other is at bottom end.

[0077] The exhaust slot in the piston head is connected to an electric motor and continuously sucks out exhaust gas out of piston after power stroke.

[0078] When Piston 1 is at compressed stage, piston two shall be at bottom end.

[0079] 1. Piston 1 is fired, piston 1 pushes down in the piston head onto the hydraulic fluid filled to brim into piston head's bottom end of piston. As the piston head is angled the fluid is flushed down into the cavity and runners in the cavity, stator- rotor alignments creates a rotatory motion in the engine shaft.

[0080] 2. When piston 1 is fired, the piston reaches dead end and exhaust slot is exposed to the exhaust gases, which is continuously sucked by electric motor, while inlet sleeve provides atmospheric air enabling flushing of burnt gas completely out of piston.

[0081] 3. The Volume of hydraulic fluid pushed into circular casing rotates the runner and need to find space to compensate the loss of space in Piston 1 firing. This naturally rushes into piston 2 and pushes the piston from bottom end to top end, which is the piston's compression stroke.

[0082] 4. When piston 2 raises in piston head, the exhaust sleeve gets closed, the fuel inlet sleeve which was supplying atmospheric air, now adds fuel into supply, piston head. The piston compresses the fuel mixed air, when the pressure in piston head equals the pressure in fuel dispenser, the Fuel inlet valve is shut on piston head. When Piston reaches top end, fuel is fired and piston is shot into piston head pushing the fluid back into the runner casing cavity causing rotation of rotor and engine shaft and as well causing compression in the paired piston.

[0083] 5. The piston head is designed to have safety valves which are magnetic to prevent the piston head from accidental rebound or run through, though the Hydraulic fluid volume doesn't allow this to happen in first place, by enabling apt movement in fluid into cavity. Even in case the rotor is stuck with heavy load, the pushed fluid would squeeze through the space in cavity to compression stroke of reciprocating piston.

[0084] 6. The whole system works on volume and displacement of hydraulic fluid in between the reciprocating pistons, through runner casing cavity. Thus enabling a liner displacement, minimum friction rotatory function with only single stroke for each piston.

[0085] 7. As rotor rotates in stator the stator casing runner head groove locks in with piston runner head knob, enabling retraction of piston heads into rotor spokes, enabling aversion of accidental firing of pistons when the runner head is at middle of piston conduit conjunction to runner casing cavity, which might distort power supply to rotor. This engine needs reciprocating pair like 1 : 1, 2:2, 3:3 and so on. 2. VAAYUVISAI - MULTI FUEL DISPENSER FOR CHAKRA ENGINES

[0086] The Chakra being single stroke engine, Quick delivery of fuel mixed air, Quick exhaust of burnt gases are imperative.

[0087] The Engine comes with inlet and exhaust in sleeve or slot shape enabling supply and exhaust across the larger sector of circumference of the piston, which enhances quick and pressurized supply and exhaust reducing the overall time required, for the open sleeves or slots cover larger circumference in piston head.

[0088] Refer page 22 - Fig 2.1, 2.2.

[0089] It contains a high pressure compressed air storage tank, with a Venturi tube at outlet which leads to piston head fuel inlet sleeve, While Venturi tube has the multiple sized fuel storage compartments mounted on it. These compartments have three valves, one from fuel dispenser at one side, two and three on sides on the hoses running from high pressure tank to side of the compartment, while third one is on hose leading up to Venturi.

[0090] Working principle:

[0091] 1. The high pressure tank is pumped with atmospheric air and compressed to high pressure.

[0092] 2. The valves are electronically controlled and works in tandem to each other.

[0093] 3. During compression stroke of the piston when piston reaches bottom end, the exhausts are sucked by motor at high rate, simultaneously the compressed tank supplies compressed air to inlet of the piston enabling flushing of the exhaust gases.

[0094] 4. Based on requirement of the piston compression power, the corresponding compartment on Venturi tube is filled with appropriate amount of fuel from fuel dispenser through Fuel tube valve, then fuel tube valve is closed.

[0095] 5. When the piston is pushed back in compression stroke then the Compressor fuel compartment valves are opened simultaneously, enabling pressurized air from high pressure tank, gushing and flushing the fuel into Venturi efficiently, which is then pushed to piston head in quick span.

[0096] 6. As high pressure head tank is supplying high inflow of pressurized atmospheric air to piston, along with fuel, pressure builds up in piston as compression increases, the supply is continued up till the pressure is equated inside piston head against the pressure of high pressure compressed air in the tank.

[0097] 7. At the moment when pressure is at par, the fuel inlet valve is closed to enable the fuel combustion. The cycle repeats with appropriate fuel compartment filled for next stroke. The model could handle regular fuel with Hydrogen fuel for the ICE, efficiently, provides a choice to reduce the fuel as required in runtime.

[0098] 3. MINVISAI CHAKRA - SINGLE STROKE, LINEAR DISPLACEMENT ELECTRO MECHANICAL MOTOR / AC-DC ELECTRIC MOTOR - RECIPROCATING ENGINE

[0099] The Engine is of Stator and Rotor configuration.

[0100] Stator houses the rotor and covers the engine while is mounted on engine shaft.

[0101] The perimeter in the casing is shaped to have a cavity at the circumference, providing space to place the runner head of the rotor, in such a way that, rotor is free to rotate on the inner base of the Stator cavity, where rotor wheel rests on the stator casing base. Rotor spokes are fixed on to engine shaft.

[0102] Rotor / Runner heads protrude out of the runner spokes and will be placed in Runner casing cavity, these heads have a provision to be retracted into the spokes at certain points while rotating in engine shaft.

[0103] The cavity is filled with incompressible, heat-resistant, low viscous hydraulic fluid with volume that enables one piston is in Top-end while other in bottom dead position of power stroke.

[0104] Refer Page 23 Fig 3, 3.1

[0105] The Chakra engine view from outside, where only casing is seen.

[0106] Shows the casing cavity and base of cavity with a provision to house the Runner wheel firmly when the casing is fit onto Rotor and vice versa. The runner casing cavity houses the runner wheel at be inner edge of cavity forming the base and runner head is placed in cavity.

[0107] The Spokes are fit with knobs which when pulled back externally retracts the runner head into spokes, the runner heads are put back in place by spring inside the spokes cavity, when knobs are released during rotation.

[0108] Working principle:

[0109] The runner casing is completely filled with hydraulic fluid which is incompressible, heat-resistant, low viscous. The Volume of fluid is such a way that it fills the cavity airtight with Runners in it and filled to brim into piston head with one piston at top end while other is at bottom end.

[0110] The piston works on the principle of Magnetic repulsion.

[0111] The piston head and the piston is embedded with cylindrical core metal surrounded by coil, turning in same direction around the core, while the power supply to the coil shall be in opposite directions and managed by a PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC RELAY (PLR) available in market.

[0112] The piston coil is set on a metallic core supplied with current by PLR, such that supply to head coil is in reverse to supply in piston coil, the piston movements are recognized by switches place on top of Head and Top of piston coil, bottom of piston coil to dead end marker switches in piston head, which creates contact on piston movement enabling binary interpretation and functioning of PLR.. Thus when Piston switch slot contacts at top end or bottom end, along with the PLR contact pins, it acts as a logical gate.

[0113] The Electric piston is mounted into the piston head over the sides grooves which are connected to PLR, which is programmed in a such way that the piston is supplied with electricity when it reaches the top-end, as the coils are in same direction and current is in reverse to the piston head and piston coil, it creates a strong like poles in vicinity and forces a repulsion thrust force where the electric piston pushes the fluid into the circular cavity enable runner to spin the engine shaft, the power supply is maintained by PLR until piston reaches bottom end, which causes bottom end switch contacts and power is cut by PLR.

[0114] When the opposite, pair piston is repelled to bottom it pushes hydraulic fluid causing the rotation of runner along with pushing back piston one into top end, Again PLR supplies power to piston enabling magnetic repulsion leading to push down of fluid into runner cavity. Thus Electro mechanical motor works as EV engine / Motor.

[0115] This engine needs reciprocating pair 1 : 1, 2:2, 3:3 and so on.

[0116] PLR Switch operation and corresponding operation :-

[0117] 4. CHAKRA / MINVISAI CHAKRA / HYBRID - ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED MULTI PISTON ENGINE - CHAKRA VERSION 2

[0118] The Engine works on same principle as that of reciprocating hydraulic engine CHAKRA 1. However the reciprocating engine has a limitation of need of a reciprocating pair and they need to work in tandem.

[0119] In larger engines, we have more pistons and for efficient working we need to have flexibility to allow selective number and selected pistons to function when required.

[0120] Working principle:

[0121] The multi piston engine have all ICE or all Electro-mechanical motor or Hybrid pistons, thus enabling hybrid operation for EB and Industries as required.

[0122] This engine has additional accessory of Hydraulic fluid reservoirs capable of supply to engine cavity or take back hydraulic fluid into them as required on runtime.

[0123] The piston heads have additional accessory of Electromagnetic locks which when activated holds piston in place, inside the piston heads thus inactivating them in reciprocation. By alternate locks and release of pistons, the reciprocating pair of piston can be changed in run time. Refer page 24, Fig 4

[0124] 1. For example - When we have five pistons in the engine, we want all of them to go in sequence then: 2. Piston 1 is in top end, all other 4 pistons are in bottom end, casing cavity is filled with hydraulic fluid.

[0125] 3. All piston are locked with electromagnet in the position.

[0126] 4. If we need 1 and 3 to be reciprocating then EM lock on third piston in cut, so when piston 1 reached bottom end, piston 3 goes for compression and vice versa.

[0127] 5. But if we want 1,3,5 piston to be reciprocating in cyclical order, a. The electromagnetic locks should be 'made' and 'released' in the same pattern.

[0128] That is when piston 1 fires, 3 should be unlocked while 5 is locked, when 3 fires 1 is locked , piston 5 is unlocked, when piston 5 fires , 1 is unlocked and 3 is locked. b. If we start with 2:2 reciprocating pistons and post acquiring speed need to restrict to 1 : 1, then on runtime when First pair goes into power stoke it should be locked into dead end, with remaining two reciprocating pistons both in compressed state, when piston 1 fires, the hydraulic reservoir must open the valve and take back the excessive fluid in the engine, all other pistons should be locked at dead end. c. When piston 2 in reciprocating pair pumps, piston 1 shall be pushed back and due to correct amount of fluid in system they behave as reciprocating pairs on firing. d. When we need to increase the number of piston in the runtime, loosen up the locks on desired pistons and at the moment of compression the hydraulic reservoirs should supply correct preset volume of fluid into system matching the volume of piston in action.

[0129] Thus on run time the total number of pistons in action, along with preferred piston firing pattern can be achieved for optimal performance, fuel efficiency.

[0130] 5. DWICHAKRA - HIGH TORQUE, HIGH SPEED COMBINATION TWIN ENGINE FOR HEAVY OPERATIONS

[0131] Refer page 25, 26

[0132] This model is for heavy vehicles and Industry operations.

[0133] Engine of different sizes are mounted onto a single Engine shaft in the center.

[0134] WORKING PRINCIPLE-

[0135] One of the engine is designed for speed while other is for higher torque, when the engine size increases it increases the spoke length which now acts as gear, so larger the engine it provides higher torque to shaft.

[0136] When the heavy load is to be moved on the vehicle or in Industrial application,

[0137] 1. High Torque engine is engaged initially and supplied with fuel to initiate shaft rotation. When the engine 1 rotates it supplies energy to rotate engine 2 and as well takes the load of vehicle / activity. Engine 2 is simply rotated in same RPM at the shaft, while Runner heads are at different speeds due to their size, while they remain same at shaft. When the Vehicle / Load attains good momentum, then, engine 1 shall be shut down and engine two is engaged with fuel supply. This is low torque high speed engine and as the vehicle / Load already achieved good momentum, engine 2 can proceed from there on to improve speed. While it supplies energy to run the load it also continuously rotates engine 1, which is shut. If the load suddenly increases in between, when only High speed engine is working, per se if the vehicle ascends on to a gradient, now in traditional heavy vehicles the driver might need to slow down , change gears and raise the RPM with high torque, while in DWICHAKRA the driver only needs to additionally engage the High torque engine.

[0138] As both engines are at same RPM in the shaft, engaging and disengaging the additional engines as per requirement can be done seamlessly and smoothly.

[0139] When High torque engine fires appropriately along with High speed engine then the Heavy load can ascend over the gradient smoothly, as both engines work on higher torque for load and higher speed for load, simultaneously, at the same time.

[0140] Once load is addressed and if reduced again in run time (vehicle descends), engine 1 can be again shutdown, engine 2 runs the load, and it will continue rotating at same RPM at shaft with the engine 2.

[0141] This is unique trait of twin engine enabling smooth operations of heavy loads.

[0142] Version 1

[0143] Refer page 25, Fig 5

[0144] When the engine is powering hydraulic fluid in higher RPM, the fluid would start sustaining the momentum and speed and cause centripetal force on the vehicle.

[0145] Hence it is necessary to place the DWICHAKRA Combination Twin engines perpendicular to vehicle floor and direction on engine rotation must be in same direction to the vehicles forward movement, enabling smooth and steady operation at higher RPMs.

[0146] Version 2

[0147] Refer page 26, Fig 5.1

[0148] When very big engines are deployed, they will go parallel on the floor of the vehicle, then the higher RPMs would generate enormous force on to sides of vehicles, which would destabilize the vehicle.

[0149] Hence in bigger engines a turning adapter is engaged in the central engine shaft to invert the direction of rotation, with this setup Engine 1 and Engine 2 rotates in opposite direction, while still the Engine shaft rotates in one direction.

[0150] The counter spin of engines and their powered hydraulic fluids should be balanced with adding counter weights to Engine 1 and Engine 2 appropriately. Thus enabling the stability of the vehicle.

[0151] 6. MERU - MULTIPLE DISCRETE COMBO GEAR FRICTIONLESS CVT

[0152] Refer page 27, Fig - 6

[0153] This CVT is a frictionless gear system unlike traditional CVTs. It contains a set of Gears mounted on one single shaft concentrically one below other, with their individual casing separating each gear from other, imitating the Chakra model engine, while they are actually powered by engine rotating the central shaft. The Gears have individual stator, rotor, where Rotor plays the role of gear. Each rotor / gear wheel is enclosed in stator where the runner / rotor's base is placed in the perimeter cavity of stator. This Runner casing cavity shall be filled air tight with Hydraulic fluid of traits - incompressible, heat resistant, low viscosity.

[0154] Each gear has a specific inlet and outlet hose to casing cavity in such a way that the conjoining point of hose to casing cavity is separated by runner gear stack.

[0155] WORKING PRINCIPLE-

[0156] 1. The central shaft to be mounted on engine shaft, thus when engine rotates all the gears in the CVT are rotated as same speed at the shaft center while the perimeter where the casing contains the gear head experiences corresponding torque and speed, which is bound to vary from gear to gear.

[0157] 2. Each gear has inlet and outlet hose and running casing filled with brim with hydraulic fluid air tight. The inlet and outlet hoses conjunction to runner casing is separated by gear stack to enable proper accentuation of rotating of gear and proper transfer of the force on the hydraulic fluid, through inlet and outlet hoses.

[0158] 3. To further accentuate the energy transfer the runner heads shall be retracted when they reach the gear stack on rotation. Gear stack diverts the powered fluid to outlet hose which then be connected to other CVT gear set, mounted on the load wheels.

[0159] 4. Whenever the engine rotates the gear of CVT, all the wheels / gears rotate at same speed at center, while the fluid is only in casing and shall be rotated by rotor. Thus a Driving and Driven gear CVT combo is made where the inlet and outlet hoses of Driving and Driven gears are connected to each other with Hydraulic valve regulator which efficiently connects a particular gear wheel from Rotating / Driving gear CVT to Rotated / Driven load gear CVT. 5. Assuming we have 6:6 Driving - Driven gear combo CVT in action and if we need to engage 4thDriving to 1 Driven gear, which would have appropriate torque and speed on the vehicle wheels, all that needs to be done is - the hoses of the gear 4 in driving CVT and gear 1 of driven CVT are connected by opening and connecting the inlet and outlet valves of those gear in the CVT through the Hydraulic valve regulator.

[0160] 6. Once the torque requirement is reduced and speed needs to be increased then the hydraulic valve regulators shuts the connection between 4: 1 hose connection and jumps to connection of 1 : 1 by opening and connecting corresponding valves, while along with load on CVT the rest of the gears to are simply rotated, to enable all gears are set in motion in same speed all the time, which helps the gear shift from one to other in Driven or Driving gear smoothly on runtime without shocks, friction and stammering in the CVT gears.

[0161] Thus the CVT is efficient, easily operable and totally friction less on shifting thus saving the fuel efficiency as well work smoothly with minimal wear and tear.

[0162] 7. LAHIMA - COMPACT SINGLE DISC PROGRESSIVE GEAR FRICTIONLESS CVT

[0163] The progressive gear CVT has stator rotor configuration. Both stator and rotor are made of telescopic elements which can be retracted into the base in hard stack cavity at stator and rotor respectively.

[0164] The stator has telescopic spokes from center. The Hydraulic chamber is installed in the center, conjoined to the hydraulic hoses of both top and bottom stator to push equivalent volumes of fluids into the hard stack which contains the cavity to house the retractable parts. The stator hard stacks have expansion hoses and compression hoses in such a way that base of stack valve leads to the cavity of the stator runner cavity and spokes, to make the stator grow in size proportionally in circular shape as the telescopic stator runner and stator spokes grows / expands. This is CVT expansion stroke where the supply is given to base of telescopic stator elements, likewise the same parts have a hose opening in the top of telescopic stator element which enables hydraulic fluid to enter top and push the telescopic parts back into the cavity of hard stack base parts, which is shrinking stroke. The hard stack has cavity filled with hydraulic fluid, which must be sucked back to the expansion hydraulic chambers to enable shrinking of the stator. Refer Page 28, Fig 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

[0165] Likewise - Rotor has telescopic spokes with Runner head and telescopic runner wheel attached to the telescopic runner spokes. The hydraulic fluid is run through hoses from chamber to the base of telescopic parts of rotor alongside the rotor spokes which will enable expansion of rotor appropriately along with stator, while other set of hoses run to the top of the telescopic parts which has single fragment which is designed to slide to the bottom of telescopic part and then to stack which is already filled with hydraulic fluid and the expansion hydraulic chambers must proportionally suck back the hydraulic fluid to enable, safe, steady and sturdy shrinking of the rotor, where in the whole gear in runtime, without compromising on structural integrity or operation.

[0166] WORKING PRINCIPLE -

[0167] 1. Both stator and rotor of the progressive CVT are constructed of with telescopic parts with hard stacks at base with cavity enabling the shrinking parts to be housed and hydraulically pushed back to grow when required. Likewise the top end of each and every telescopic part is made of single fragment which when pushed with hydraulic fluid pushes back the single fragment back into telescopic cavity thus shrinking the size of CVT.

[0168] 2. The Hydraulic chambers on the CVT has pistons for expansion stroke and compression stroke, both compression and expansion chambers work in tandem complimenting each other proportionally in such a way that expansion stroke enters the base end pushes the telescopic parts to grow in size, while the compression strokes pushes the top fragment back to cavity which needs to supported by the sucking back of the fluid from cavities by the reversing piston in the expansion hydraulic chambers.

[0169] 3. The size of the gear and corresponding compression and expansion piston movements and hydraulic fluid volume inside the telescopic part and hard stack part cavities from base and on top is measured and achieved by same preset volume of hydraulic fluid flush when required.

[0170] 4. The stator wheel is supported by curved telescopic support rims to make a circle with stator.

[0171] 5. The rotor is made of telescopic spokes and runner base. The spokes connect to the runner wheel in Runner stacks which contain the cavity for runner wheel to compress or pushed back. The rotor wheel sector in between two consecutive spokes also has a top end fragment in the runner base which could enable compression when pushed back into cavity, while the fluid in cavity is sucked back proportionally.

[0172] 6. The stator and rotor spokes, hard stacks, cavities are designed to have smooth, seamless surface that is exposed to runner casing cavity.

[0173] 7. When stator is expanded or shrunk it happens from the hard stacks which is mount on base tracks which are in line with stator spokes enabling a smooth steady and sturdy resizing stator frame work.

[0174] 8. The rotor is seated on the inner perimeter of the runner casing cavity with runner heads placed in the cavity, the rotor or runner base too has telescopic parts with their smooth seamless side placed on the stator base, the runner spokes leads from shaft to runner wheel hard stacks which contains the cavity for shrinking and expansion of runner wheel.

[0175] 9. The runner casing cavity is filled with incompressible, heat resistant, low viscous hydraulic fluid with valves for Hydraulic inlet and outlet hose separated by a hard stack of stator. 10. Whenever the gear needs to be changed there will be preset position of compression piston, expansion piston, for both stator and rotor for each size precisely. There is an expansion hydraulic chamber and shrinking hydraulic which supplies to the telescopic parts of stator and rotor each. There is a separate chamber which supplies to the runner casing cavity separately which pumps in fluid to cavity when size increases and sucks back the fluid when CVT shrinks.

[0176] Thus the Lahima offers instantaneous single disc progressive CVT which can grow or sink in size in run time without friction and allow variable power output accordingly, through hydraulic fluid. The Size is controlled by appropriate piston movements and hydraulic fluid volume to base and top fragment of telescopic parts appropriately, likewise the runner cavity is supplied by separate hydraulic chamber which too supplies and sucks back the volume of fluid appropriately for each gear size.

[0177] 8. Additional Utilities -

[0178] The CVTs efficiently replace traditional planetary gears.

[0179] The progressive CVT can be mounted on wheels directly and can be looped with 'Zero loop' in parallel through a differential adaptor.

[0180] Refer page 29, Fig 8.7, 8.5. When a vehicle is turning CVTs of each wheel can be electronically controlled to a correct size which impacts the RPM of the wheel appropriately enabling the inner wheel in turning radii to rotate lesser. As well when there is sharp turns , instead of controlling CVT size, the supply could be cut by a differential adapter which ideally closes valves to CVT and opens valve to 'Zero loop', which enables drag rotation of that particular inner vehicle , while 'Zero loop' returns the powered fluid back to Driving CVT without energy expense thus conserving the energy.

[0181] Continuous Trickle charge and progressive Degenerative braking.

[0182] When in an EV, the brake system can be coupled to a generator through a CVT, then generator can be continuously engaged with high torque larger gear which Would take minimum RPM without much compromise on power generative resistance leading to continuous trickle charging.

[0183] While when actually braking the corresponding gear in CVT can be engaged progressively as per braking requirement providing progressive degenerative braking.

[0184] Reversing with a minimum machinery

[0185] When the vehicle need to reverse simply invert the flow of powered fluid into CVT using a direction adaptor. Refer Page 29, Fig 8.3, 8.4, 8.6

[0186] Note the difference in bidirectional CVT gear runner heads which are both side concave to unidirectional engine runner which are wedge shaped on driven side to concave on driving side. Refer Page 29, Fig 8.1, 8.2

Claims

CLAIMSCLAIM 1 - Chakra - Unique single stroke Linear displacement High efficiency Hydraulic Fluid driven reciprocating piston ICEThe ICE consists of Stator, Rotor configuration. The Stator houses the Rotor inside of it and provides structural integrity. The Circular Stator is shaped to contain a conduit like circular cavity in the perimeter, while outer edge of the casing is fit into each other, the inner perimeter holds the Rotor wheel base in grooves in such a way the rotor heads are placed in Runner casing cavity and circular Rotor's runner base is sandwiched between stator casing and is able to rotate freely on the stator runner casing inner perimeter base. The Pistons are mounted on Stator outer perimeter such that the bottom of piston heads converges to outer perimeter of casing. The Runner casing cavity is filled with incompressible, low viscous, heat resistant Hydraulic fluid. The Fluid is filled to brim in the runner casing cavity with such a volume that it permits one piston is compressed state and other piston in bottom end. The ICE can have piston in equal proportion and is designed to work in reciprocating fashion, so the number of reciprocating pistons pairs are same- 1 : 1, 2:2 and likewise.CLAIM 2 - VaayuVisai - High pressure Multi-Fuel dispenser for ICEThe Dispenser contains a pressure tank which contains pressurized atmospheric air in it, which has an outlet through Venturi tube whose outlet leads to a semicircle sleeve which shall be attached onto inlet of piston with gate valve to control fuel and gas flow.The gas compartments of different size are mounted on the venturi tube tapered portion. These compartments have three valves each, one from hose on fuel dispenser, one from hose pressure tank at inlet, other on outlet to the Venturi tube. The amount of fuel can be controlled for each stroke by deciding which compartment be supplied with fuel. When the piston is bottom dead end, the pressurized air is released into piston head and sucked back out of piston through exhaust sleeve, enabling the removal of exhaust gas in short time. When piston is pushed back to compression, the compartment inlet and outlet valves shall be opened to flush the fuel into venture tube then into piston, as the piston compresses the gas, the fuel inlet valve of piston is closed when piston head pressure tips over preset value.CLAIM 3 - MinVisai Chakra - Unique single stroke Linear displacement AC-DC Electro Mechanical motorThis is unique Electro Mechanical motor, which has Stator, Rotor configuration. The Stator houses the Rotor inside of it and provides structural integrity. The Circular Stator is shaped to contain a conduit like circular cavity in the perimeter, while outer edge of the casing is fit into each other, the inner perimeter holds the Rotor wheel base in grooves in such a way the rotor heads are placed in Runner casing cavity and circular Rotor's runner base issandwiched between stator casing and is able to rotate freely on the stator runner casing inner perimeter base. The ICE Pistons are mounted on Stator outer perimeter such that the bottom of piston converges to outer perimeter of casing. The Runner casing cavity is filled with incompressible, low viscous, heat resistant Hydraulic fluid. The Fluid is filled to brim in the runner casing cavity with such a volume that it permits one piston in compressed state and other piston in bottom end. The ICE can have piston in equal proportion and is designed to work in reciprocating fashion, so the number reciprocating pistons are same like 1 : 1, 2:2 and likewise.The pistons are operated electrically, which contains a stator part of piston while the bottom half is movable. Both the piston parts shall contain unidirectional coil on their cores in middle which shall be powered by PLR, which supplies power to the coil in reverse direction to each other, which are electro magnetized, creates a like poles in vicinity and repelled into bottom end pushing the hydraulic fluid to the runner casing cavity rotating the shaft. Power supply is cut when piston hits bottom end, power is off until the piston is pushed back to the top end by the hydraulic fluid, this controlled run by PLR emulates the power, compression stroke of ICE piston thus enabling Electrical to mechanical conversion of energy.CLAIM 4 - Chakra / Minvisai Chakra / Hybrid - Electronically Controlled Multi Piston Engine - CHAKRA VERSION 2The ICE consists of Stator, Rotor configuration. The Stator houses the Rotor inside of it and provides structural integrity. The Circular Stator is shaped to contain a conduit like circular cavity in the perimeter, while outer edge of the casing is fit into each other, the inner perimeter holds the Rotor wheel base in grooves in such a way the rotor heads are placed in Runner casing cavity and circular Rotor's runner base is sandwiched between stator casing and is able to rotate freely on the stator runner casing inner perimeter base. The Pistons are mounted on Stator outer perimeter such that the bottom of piston converges to outer perimeter of casing. The Runner casing cavity is filled with incompressible, low viscous, heat resistant Hydraulic fluid. The Fluid is filled to brim in the runner casing cavity with such a volume that it permits one piston is compressed state and other piston in bottom end.This engine works on reciprocating pistons, however the piston heads are mounted with Electromagnets to hold the piston in piston head. When the engine is running when one piston is fired, the other reciprocating piston is decided by letting that piston free of electromagnetic lock. Thus preset design of lock and release of pistons, along with a mounted Hydraulic reservoir enables number of pistons, order of pistons that needs to be fired as per desire on run time. It also can have ICE piston, Electro mechanical piston or both in desired placements, number of pistons to be involved in action can also be altered at run time.CLAIM 5 - Dwichakra - High Torque, High speed - Twin EngineTwo Chakra engines - one of high toque and other of high speed (variance in size accordingly) is mounted on same Engine shaft centrally. Whenever one engine works it rotates the rotor of secondary engine in addition to actual load. Thus bigger high torque engine is run first to initiate the rotation under heavy load and once momentum is reached, it can be shut while starting the already rotating smaller engine to increase the speed, and the shutdown high torque engine will still rotate along with smaller engine.In Runtime- if the load would increase, simply fire the high torque engine appropriately to enable vehicle jump the bottle neck of torque deficiency to maintain speed and drive quality. In traditional vehicles this would demand slowing down and starting back from smaller gear, while in Dwichakra the hurdle is handled effortlessly.Thus the twin engine involves Hydraulic fluid rotated at high speeds which could impact the vehicle stability, so the Twin engine installation should be perpendicular to the base as in Version 1.Version 2- for larger Engines when placed parallel to base, then they need to be counter rotated with appropriate balance weights to create counter momentum and cancel forces caused by their rotation, on the vehicle.CLAIM 6 - Meru - Multiple discrete stacked gear combo frictionless CVTThis CVT is of stator - rotor configuration. Multiple gears are stacked up with individual stator casing and centrally connected to one shaft, thus all gears rotate at same rpm at their center. Each Gear set contains one inlet and outlet of Hydraulic hose, to flow between Driving and Driven gear.This gear is engaged to the rotary gear with Hydraulic hose controlled by gate valves.By opening a particular gate valve particular gear is engaged in action.This gear can be used as combination gear, where both Driven and Driving Meru shall be engaged, gear to gear through gate valves.Each gears, inlet valves enter and exit around the hard stack of gear, this hard stack creates an efficient diversion of hydraulic fluid to inlet and outlet of hydraulic hoses facilitating fluid flow into driven gear and back to driving gear.CLAIM 7 - Lahima - Single disc Progressive gear combo frictionless CVTThis CVT is of stator - rotor configuration, where stator rotor are made of retractable, expandable telescopic parts. The stator is to be mounted on tracked platform to number of hard stacks on the stator, thus enabling the stator to grow in Size or shrink, in place while holding the telescopic rotor. The hard stacks on stator houses the cavity for stator telescopic parts. It expands or shrink - when pushed by hydraulic fluid to grow from bottom or shrinks into the bottom cavity, while when fluid is pushed through top end single fragment cavity in telescopic part. This demands counter suction stroke from expansion piston in tandem, it enables the stator to shrink.Likewise rotor to have retractable, expandable telescopic parts with hard stacks for cavity to house the telescopic parts. The hydraulic hoses are run through rotor spokes to bottom end and top end of the rotors telescopic arms and rotorwheel. When hydraulic fluid is pushed through bottom the size of rotor grows and when pushed through top fragment in telescopic parts it shrinks.Thus Stator arms, stator body, rotor arm, rotor body all are supplied with Hydraulic fluid in proportion through cavity to enlarge, shrink proportionally when expansion piston pulls back in tandem with shrink piston. The Hydraulic fluid in cavity under pressure from Hydraulic reservoir enables structural integrity. Thus enabling gear change progressively with single disc of CVT. The runner casing cavity is connected to Hydraulic reservoir chamber to supply or withdraw correct proportional volume of fluid to size of gear, similarly both expansion piston and shrinking piston, too contains preset amount of fluid either pumped in or sucked back in tandem to enable CVT to grow and shrink respectively.The runner casing cavity is at the perimeter of stator where outer perimeter provides provision for inlet and outlet hydraulic hoses which reach into runner casing cavity around non alterable hard stack to enable flushing of hydraulic fluid into outlet and inlet hose effectively. The inner perimeter of the stator casing cavity houses the retractable rotor sandwiched between stator casings to enable smooth rotation of rotor.Thus the CVT is grown in progressive proportion while stator and rotor are expanded with preset piston position of expansion and compression chambers of stator and rotor. Accordingly runner casing cavity is supplied with more hydraulic fluid which is proportional and from preset value.Thus for each gear size in progressive combination proportional hydraulic chambers their pistons pump in fluid to base telescopic parts to grow their size and supply fluid with runner casing cavityWhen CVT shrinks again the same principle of proportional amount of fluid is flushed to top fragment of telescopic part and corresponding expansion piston sucks back appropriate amount of fluid from telescopic part cavities enabling reduction in size, while runner casing cavity fluid volume too is controlled by separate chamber with preset values.

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