Time domain window of uplink transmissions

Abstract

A user device may determine at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of a time non-overlapping uplink transmission, a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells, or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells. The user device may determine, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node. The user device may perform the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

Description

TIME DOMAIN WINDOW OF UPLINK TRANSMISSIONS TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This description relates to wireless communications. BACKGROUND

[0002] A communication system may be a facility that enables communication between two or more nodes or devices, such as fixed or mobile communication devices. Signals can be carried on wired or wireless carriers.

[0003] An example of a cellular communication system is an architecture that is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). A recent development in this field is often referred to as the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology. EUTRA (evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) is the air interface of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. In LTE, base stations or access points (APs), which are referred to as enhanced Node AP (eNBs), provide wireless access within a coverage area or cell. In LTE, mobile devices, or mobile stations are referred to as user equipments (UE). LTE has included a number of improvements or developments. Aspects of LTE are also continuing to improve.

[0004] 5G New Radio (NR) development is part of a continued mobile broadband evolution process to meet the requirements of 5G, similar to earlier evolution of 3G and 4G wireless networks. In addition, 5G is also targeted at the new emerging use cases in addition to mobile broadband. A goal of 5G is to provide significant improvement in wireless performance, which may include new levels of data rate, latency, reliability, and security. 5G NR may also scale to efficiently connect the massive Internet of Things (IoT) and may offer new types of mission-critical services. For example, ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) devices may require high reliability and very low latency.6G and other networks are also being developed. SUMMARY

[0005] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplinktransmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0007] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: determining by a user device, at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0008] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: determining by a network node, at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0009] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; means for determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and means for performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0010] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; means for receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0011] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0012] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0013] Other example embodiments are provided or described for each of the example methods, including: means for performing any of the example methods; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform any of the example methods; and an apparatus including at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform any of the example methods.

[0014] The details of one or more examples of embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG.1 is a block diagram of a wireless network 130.

[0016] FIG.2 is a diagram illustrating deployment of carrier aggregation with dual connectivity.

[0017] FIG.3 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment.

[0018] FIG.4 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or user device, or other apparatus) according to an example embodiment.

[0019] FIG.5 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus) according to an example embodiment.

[0020] FIG.6 is a block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., UE, user device, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node) 1300 according to an example embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It shall be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,”…, etc., in front of noun(s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun(s). For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0022] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.

[0023] FIG.1 is a block diagram of a wireless network 130. In the wireless network 130 of FIG.1, user devices 131, 132, 133 and 135, which may also be referred to as mobile stations (MSs) or user equipment (UEs), may be connected (and in communication) with a base station (BS) 134, which may also be referred to as an access point (AP), an enhanced Node B (eNB), a gNB or a network node. The terms user device and user equipment (UE) may be used interchangeably. A BS may also include or may be referred to as a RAN (radio access network) node, and may include a portion of a BS or a portion of a RAN node, such as e.g., such as a centralized unit (CU) and / or a distributed unit (DU) in the case of a split BS or split gNB. At least part of the functionalities of a BS (e.g., access point (AP), base station (BS) or (e)Node B (eNB), gNB, RAN node) may also be carried out by any node,server or host which may be operably coupled to a transceiver, such as a remote radio head. BS (or AP) 134 provides wireless coverage within a cell 136, including to user devices (or UEs) 131, 132, 133 and 135. Although only four user devices (or UEs) are shown as being connected or attached to BS 134, any number of user devices may be provided. BS 134 is also connected to a core network 150 via a S1 interface 151. This is merely one simple example of a wireless network, and others may be used.

[0024] A base station (e.g., such as BS 134) is an example of a radio access network (RAN) node within a wireless network. A BS (or a RAN node) may be or may include (or may alternatively be referred to as), e.g., an access point (AP), a gNB, an eNB, or portion thereof (such as a centralized unit (CU) and / or a distributed unit (DU) in the case of a split BS or split gNB), or other network node.

[0025] Some functionalities of the communication network may be carried out, at least partly, in a central / centralized unit, CU, (e.g., server, host or node) operationally coupled to distributed unit, DU, (e.g., a radio head / node). Thus, 5G networks architecture may be based on a so-called CU-DU split. The gNB-CU (central node) may control a plurality of spatially separated gNB-DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In some embodiments, however, the gNB-DUs (also called DU) may comprise e.g., a radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the gNB-CU (also called a CU) may comprise the layers above RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) and an internet protocol (IP) layer. Other functional splits are possible too.

[0026] According to an illustrative example, a BS node (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU, …) or a radio access network (RAN) may be part of a mobile telecommunication system. A RAN (radio access network) may include one or more BSs or RAN nodes that implement a radio access technology, e.g., to allow one or more UEs to have access to a network or core network (CN). Thus, for example, the RAN (RAN nodes, such as BSs or gNBs) may reside between one or more user devices or UEs and a core network. According to an example embodiment, each RAN node (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU, …) or BS may provide one or more wireless communication services for one or more UEs or user devices, e.g., to allow the UEs to have wireless access to a network, via the RAN node. Each RAN node or BS may perform or provide wireless communication services, e.g., such as allowing UEs or user devices to establish a wireless connection to the RAN node, and sending data to and / or receiving data from one or more of the UEs. For example, after establishing a connection to a UE, a RAN node or network node (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU, …) mayforward data to the UE that is received from a network or the core network, and / or forward data received from the UE to the network or core network. RAN nodes or network nodes (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU, …) may perform a wide variety of other wireless functions or services, e.g., such as broadcasting control information (e.g., such as system information or on-demand system information) to UEs, paging UEs when there is data to be delivered to the UE, assisting in handover of a UE between cells, scheduling of resources for uplink data transmission from the UE(s) and downlink data transmission to UE(s), sending control information to configure one or more UEs, and the like. These are a few examples of one or more functions that a RAN node or BS may perform.

[0027] A user device or user node (user terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile terminal, handheld wireless device, etc.) may refer to a portable computing device that includes wireless mobile communication devices operating either with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM), including, but not limited to, the following types of devices: a mobile station (MS), a mobile phone, a cell phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handset, a device using a wireless modem (alarm or measurement device, etc.), a laptop and / or touch screen computer, a tablet, a phablet, a game console, a notebook, a vehicle, a sensor, and a multimedia device, as examples, or any other wireless device. It should be appreciated that a user device may also be (or may include) a nearly exclusive uplink only device, of which an example is a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network. Also, a user node may include a user equipment (UE), a user device, a user terminal, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a mobile node, a subscriber device, a subscriber node, a subscriber terminal, or other user node. For example, a user node may be used for wireless communications with one or more network nodes (e.g., gNB, eNB, BS, AP, CU, DU, CU / DU) and / or with one or more other user nodes, regardless of the technology or radio access technology (RAT). In LTE (as an illustrative example), core network 150 may be referred to as Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which may include a mobility management entity (MME) which may handle or assist with mobility / handover of user devices between BSs, one or more gateways that may forward data and control signals between the BSs and packet data networks or the Internet, and other control functions or blocks. Other types of wireless networks, such as 5G (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR)) may also include a core network.

[0028] In addition, the techniques described herein may be applied to various types of user devices or data service types, or may apply to user devices that may have multiple applications running thereon that may be of different data service types. New Radio (5G)development may support a number of different applications or a number of different data service types, such as for example: machine type communications (MTC), enhanced machine type communication (eMTC), Internet of Things (IoT), and / or narrowband IoT user devices, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). Many of these new 5G (NR) – related applications may require generally higher performance than previous wireless networks.

[0029] IoT may refer to an ever-growing group of objects that may have Internet or network connectivity, so that these objects may send information to and receive information from other network devices. For example, many sensor type applications or devices may monitor a physical condition or a status and may send a report to a server or other network device, e.g., when an event occurs. Machine Type Communications (MTC, or Machine to Machine communications) may, for example, be characterized by fully automatic data generation, exchange, processing and actuation among intelligent machines, with or without intervention of humans. Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) may support much higher data rates than currently available in LTE.

[0030] Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) is a new data service type, or new usage scenario, which may be supported for New Radio (5G) systems. This enables emerging new applications and services, such as industrial automations, autonomous driving, vehicular safety, e-health services, and so on.3GPP targets in providing connectivity with reliability corresponding to block error rate (BLER) of 10-5 and up to 1 ms U-Plane (user / data plane) latency, by way of illustrative example. Thus, for example, URLLC user devices / UEs may require a significantly lower block error rate than other types of user devices / UEs as well as low latency (with or without requirement for simultaneous high reliability). Thus, for example, a URLLC UE (or URLLC application on a UE) may require much shorter latency, as compared to an eMBB UE (or an eMBB application running on a UE).

[0031] The techniques described herein may be applied to a wide variety of wireless technologies or wireless networks, such as 5G (New Radio (NR)), cmWave, and / or mmWave band networks, IoT, MTC, eMTC, eMBB, URLLC, 6G, etc., or any other wireless network or wireless technology. These example networks, technologies or data service types are provided only as illustrative examples.

[0032] A user device (or UE) may measure various signals and may transmit one or more measurement reports to the network. For example, a UE may measure reference signals received from one or more network nodes (e.g., gNBs or DUs), including channel stateinformation-reference signals (CSI-RSs) and / or synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signals, demodulation references signals, and / or other reference signals. Based on received reference signals, the UE may measure various signal parameters, e.g., such as reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or other signal parameter.

[0033] The PHY (physical) layer may refer to layer 1 (L1) and MAC (media access control) may refer to layer 2 (L2). RSRP, RSRQ, SINR and RSSI are signal quantities measured at layer 1 (L1). The UE may send L1 measurement reports (e.g., CSI-RS reports, which include measurements of one or more signal parameters for one or more cells) to a gNB, source DU or serving cell. These L1 measurement reports may be sent periodically, for example, or aperiodically. L1 / L2 measurement reports may include no averaging or filtering of measurement values or may include less averaging or filtering than what is performed for L3 measurement reports. L1 (or L1 / L2) measurement reports may be transmitted by a UE to a serving network node or source DU and may cause the network node to trigger or initiate a L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) handover of the UE to another cell. L1 measurements (e.g., RSRP RSRQ, RSSI) may be provided or reported periodically to the DU (MAC / PHY).

[0034] In an example, an uplink transmit / transmission switching, e.g., uplink Tx switching or UL Tx switching may be a mechanism that improves uplink capacity and coverage by allowing a UE to switch its transmitting antenna frequency band. In other words, the transmitter of the UE may be able to transmit via carriers operating at different frequencies.

[0035] FIG.2 is a diagram illustrating deployment of carrier aggregation with dual connectivity. In an example, in uplink carrier aggregation (CA) or in supplementary uplink (SUL), a UE may be configured with uplink transmit switching. In an example, when configured with uplink transmit switching, the UE may be able to have a transmitter dynamically switched between two links, e.g., from one uplink carrier to another uplink carrier. In an example, the uplink transmit switching may include a method for a UE to perform carrier aggregation through a first carrier and a second carrier based on switching of a UE transmission chain.

[0036] In an example, the UE may be configured with a dual connectivity via evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) and new radio (NR) such as E-UTRA - NR dual connectivity (EN-DC).

[0037] In dual connectivity, a UE may be connected to two cells, or in general, two cell groups. The two cell groups may include a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). In an example, the two cell groups may be handled by different gNBs.

[0038] In an example, carrier aggregation (CA) is a technique that allows mobile operators to combine different spectrum bands to increase capacity and provide faster data rates in their networks. Carrier aggregation may be employed / implemented by configuring a UE to connect simultaneously to multiple cells of a base station (gNB), allowing the UE to operate at multiple frequencies at the same time. In an example, the configuration of carrier aggregation may be done by assigning frequency blocks, called component carriers (CCs), to the UE. For example, LTE-Advanced may allow a UE to transmit and receive on up to five CCs simultaneously, each with a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz.

[0039] In an example as depicted in FIG.2, carrier aggregation may be combined with dual connectivity. In an example, in addition to primary cells (PCells) and secondary cells (SCells) in the master cell group, there may be one primary cell in the secondary cell group, referred to as a primary cell of the secondary cell group (PSCell). For example, the PSCell may be used for initial access when establishing a connection with the secondary cell group. The secondary cell group may also include one or more SCells. In an example implementation, signaling messages in each of the cell groups may occur at the PCell and the PSCell.

[0040] In an example, a power amplifier (PA) of the user device or the UE may include a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier. For example, the PA (or the RF power amplifier) may include an electronic amplifier that converts a low power RF signal into a higher power RF signal. In an example, a configuration parameter of the PA may determine a gain of the PA, an output power of the PA, and / or the like. For example, the gain may include a power gain wherein the power gain is based on a ratio of the output power to the input power of the PA. In another example, the gain may include a voltage gain wherein the voltage gain is based on a ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage of the PA. In another example, the gain may include a current gain wherein the current gain is based on a ratio of the output current to the input current of the PA. In an example, the PA or the RF power amplifier may be employed in a final stage of a radio transmitter, wherein the output of the PA may drive the antenna.

[0041] In an example embodiment, a maximum output power reduction (MPR) may be employed. In an example, the MPR may be implemented in the base station (eNodeB, gNB, and / or the like) or mobile device, user device (or a UE). In an example, when a UE establishes a connection with the network, the gNB may configure the maximum transmitpower based on e.g., regulatory guidelines. In an example, the gNB may configure some parameters related to UL transmit power, but UE may determine its maximum transmit power based on the configured parameters and UE implementation (e.g., PA, where UE applied PA output backoff may be less than or equal to MPR while meeting regulatory and standardized signal quality requirements.

[0042] In an example, the UE may be allowed to reduce the maximum output power due to higher order modulations and transmit bandwidth configurations, and / or the like. For UE power class 2 and 3 and UE power class 1, the allowed maximum power reduction (MPR) may be defined in Table 2, Table 1, Table 4 and Table 5, respectively for channel bandwidths ≤ 100 MHz.

[0043] In an example, if the relative channel bandwidth ≤ 4% for TDD bands or ≤ 3% for FDD band, the ∆MPR may be set to zero.

[0044] If the relative channel bandwidth > 4% for TDD bands or > 3% for FDD bands, the ∆MPR is defined in Table 3.

[0045] In an example, the relative channel bandwidth = 2*BWChannel / (FUL_low + FUL_high).

[0046] In an example, the allowed MPR for SRS, PUCCH formats 0, 1, 3 and 4, and PRACH may be as specified for QPSK modulated DFT-s-OFDM of equivalent RB allocation. The allowed MPR for PUCCH format 2 may be as specified for QPSK modulated CP-OFDM of equivalent RB allocation.Table 1: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 3 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK ≤ 3.51≤ 1.21≤ 0.21OFDM ≤ 0.52,3≤ 0.5202,4Pi / 2 BPSK w ≤ 0.52,30202,4Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK ≤ 1 0516 QAM ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 2.5 256 QAM ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 QAM ≤ 6.5 NOTE 1: Applicable for UE operating in TDD mode with Pi / 2 BPSK modulation and UE indicates support for UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and if the IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1 and 40 % or less slots in radio frame are used for UL transmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79. The reference power of 0 dB MPR is 26 dBm. NOTE 2: Applicable for conditions where note 1 does not apply. NOTE 3: For 3 MHz channel bandwidth the Pi / 2 BPSK edge allocation MPR is 1 dB NOTE 4: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 5: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass]Table 2: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB allocations allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 0.5 01OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 1 0216 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5 256 ≤ 4.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 ≤ 6.5 QAM NOTE 1: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 2: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost- ΔPPowerClass] Table 3: ∆MPR NR Band Power class Channel bandwidth ∆MPR (dB) n28 and n83 Power class 3 30 MHz 0.5 n40 and n97 Power class 3 and power class 2 100 MHz 1 n71 Power class 3 25 MHz Power class 2 30 MHz 0.5 35 MHzTable 4: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 1 for bands other than Band n14 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK (NOTE 1) ≤ 0.5 0 OFDM Pi / 2 BPSK w (NOTE 1) 0 0 Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK (NOTE 1) ≤ 1 0 16 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 2.5 256 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK (NOTE 1) ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 3.5 256 QAM (NOTE 1) ≤ 6.5 NOTE 1: MPR for all modulations for Edge RB allocation is defined as following for two distinguished channel bandwidths groups as: Within the <50MHz channel bandwidth group: ^^^ = ^^^^(7.2 ^^ − 6 ^^ ∙ ^^^100 ^^^ , 0.5 ^^)Within the ≥50MHz channel bandwidth group: ^^^^^^ = ^^^^ ^5.35 ^^ + 3.15 ^^ ∙100 ^^^ , 0.5 ^^^where CEIL(x,0.5 dB) means rounding x upwards to the closest multiple of 0.5 dB.Table 5: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 1 for Band n14 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5 0 OFDM Pi / 2 BPSK w ≤ 0.5 0 0 Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK ≤ 1 0 16 QAM ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 2.5 256 QAM ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 QAM ≤ 6.5

[0047] In an example, the following parameters may be defined to specify valid RB allocation ranges for outer and inner RB allocations:

[0048] In an example, NRBmay be the maximum number of RBs for a given channel bandwidth and sub-carrier spacing RBStart,Low = max(1, floor(LCRB / 2)), where max() indicates the largest value of all arguments and floor(x) is the greatest integer less than or equal to x. RBStart,High= NRB– RBStart,Low– LCRB

[0049] In an example, the RB allocation may be an inner RB allocation if the following conditions are met: RBStart,Low ≤ RBStart ≤ RBStart,High, and LCRB ≤ ceil(NRB / 2) where ceil(x) is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

[0050] In an example, an edge RB allocation may be the one for which the RB(s) is (are) allocated at the lowermost or uppermost edge of the channel LCRB ≤ 2 RBs. In an example, for PC1 UE supporting other bands than n14 RB allocation may be an Edge RB allocation if ^^ ! ≤ ^^ !,#$%# AND ( ^^&'()' ≤ ^^&'()',#$%# OR ^^&'()' ≥ + ! − ^^&'()',#$%# −

[0051] In an example, for ^^^ ≥ 70 ^^^ with DFT-S-OFDM waveform and pi / 2-BPSK, QPSK, or 16-QAM modulation, ^^&'()',#$%# = 1. Otherwise, ^^&'()',#$%# = 0.

[0052] In an example, the RB allocation may be an outer RB allocation for all other allocations which are not an inner RB allocation or edge RB allocation.

[0053] In an example, when ΔPPowerBoost is a positive value and the UE supports [powerBoostRel18], an enhanced power inner allocation region within the inner region may be defined so any waveform it contains satisfies the following condition: RBStart,Low + P1 ≤ RBStart ≤ RBStart,High - P1, Where P1 = MIN{12,CEIL(2+NRB / 25)}.

[0054] In an example, when a UE that supports [powerBoostRel18] but does not support [powerBoostTSRel18], an RB allocation that belongs to the inner region but is outside the enhanced power inner region, the applicable MPR may be increased by the value of ΔPPowerBoost.

[0055] The following tables may include examples of MPR tables for general case (e.g., single carrier or UL transmission):Table 6: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 3 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB allocations Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK ≤ 3.51≤ 1.21≤ 0.21OFDM ≤ 0.52,3≤ 0.52 02,4Pi / 2 BPSK w ≤ 0.52,3 0202,4Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK ≤ 10516 QAM≤ 2 ≤ 164 QAM≤ 2.5256 QAM ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM≤ 3 ≤ 264 QAM≤ 3.5256 QAM ≤ 6.5 NOTE 1: Applicable for UE operating in TDD mode with Pi / 2 BPSK modulation and UE indicates support for UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and if the IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1 and 40 % or less slots in radio frame are used for UL transmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79. The reference power of 0 dB MPR is 26 dBm. NOTE 2: Applicable for conditions where note 1 does not apply. NOTE 3: For 3 MHz channel bandwidth the Pi / 2 BPSK edge allocation MPR is 1 dB NOTE 4: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 5: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass]Table 7: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB allocations allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 0.501OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 10216 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5256 ≤ 4.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM≤ 3.5256 ≤ 6.5 QAM NOTE 1: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost- ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 2: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost- ΔPPowerClass]

[0056] In an example, the UE maximum output power reduction for Intra-band contiguous CA may include the following. For intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power with contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 7 for UE power class 3 CA bandwidth classes B and C. The MPR with contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 8 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when the signalling is absent for dualPA-Architecture IE, and for power class 2 CA bandwidth class C when the signalling is indicated for dualPA-Architecture IE. The MPR with contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 9 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C with TxD supported.

[0057] In case the modulation format or waveform type is different on different component carriers then the requirement is set by rules applied to the waveform type (DFT-s- OFDM or CP-OFDM) and modulation order used in the configuration with the largest MPR. Unless otherwise specified, pi / 2 BPSK in following MPR tables refers to both variants of pi / 2 BPSK.Table 7: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 3 Modulation MPR for bandwidth class MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) C(dB) inner outer inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 1.0 3.5 2.5 7 OFDM BPSK QPSK 1.0 3.5 2.5 7 16QAM 1.5 3.5 2.5 7 64QAM 3.0 4.0 5 7 256QAM 5.5 6.0 7 7.5 CP- QPSK 2.0 4.0 3.5 8 OFDM 16QAM 2.5 4.0 3.5 8 64QAM 3.5 4.0 5 8 256QAM 6.5 6.5 7 8 Table 8: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer1inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 2.0 4.012.5 7 OFDM BPSK QPSK 2.0 4.012.5 7 16QAM 2.5 4.012.5 7 64QAM 3.0 4.515 7 256QAM 5.5 6.0 7 7.5 CP- QPSK 2.5 5.013.5 8 OFDM 16QAM 3.0 5.013.5 8 64QAM 3.5 5.015 8 256QAM 6.5 6.5 7 8 NOTE 1: When 1 RB or 2 RB are allocated at the lower edge of lowest CC or upper edge of upper CC, MPR for outer is 5.5 dB.Table 9: Contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 with dual Tx2 Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer1inner outer DFT-s- Pi / 2 3.0 5.013.5 8 OFDM BPSK QPSK 3.0 5.013.5 8 16QAM 3.5 5.013.5 8 64QAM 4.0 5.516 8 256QAM 6.5 7.0 8 8.5 CP- QPSK 3.0 5.514.0 8.5 OFDM 16QAM 3.5 5.514.0 8.5 64QAM 4.0 5.515.5 8.5 256QAM 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.5 NOTE 1: When 1 RB or 2 RB are allocated at the lower edge of lowest CC or upper edge of upper CC, MPR for outer is 5.5 dB. NOTE 2: UE indicating TxD supported

[0058] In an example, for intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 10 for UE power class 3 CA bandwidth classes B and C. The MPR with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 11 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when the signalling is absent for dualPA-Architecture IE, and for power class 2 CA bandwidth class C when the signalling is indicated for dualPA-Architecture IE. The MPR with non-contiguous RB allocation is specified in Table 12 for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C with TxD supported.Table 10: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 3 Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer11Outer22inner Outer11Outer22DFT-s- Pi / 2 2 5.5 11.5 2.5 6 13 OFDM BPSK QPSK 2 5.5 2.5 6 16QAM 2.5 5.5 3 6 64QAM 4.5 6 5 6 256QAM 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 CP- QPSK 2.5 6.5 12 3.5 7 14 OFDM 16QAM 3 7 3.5 7 64QAM 5 7 5 7 256QAM 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 NOTE 1: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 2: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz Table 11: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer12Outer23Inner Outer12Outer23DFT-s- Pi / 2 316.5 13 317.5 13.5 OFDM BPSK QPSK 316.5 317.5 16QAM 316.5 317.5 64QAM 5 6.5 5 7.5 256QAM 6.5 7 6.5 7.5 CP- QPSK 3.517 14 3.518 14.5 OFDM 16QAM 3.517 3.518 64QAM 5 7 5 8 256QAM 7.5 7.5 7.5 8 NOTE 1: The allowed MPR is [4]dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth < [2MHz]. NOTE 2: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 3: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHzTable 12: non-contiguous RB allocation for Power Class 2 with dual Tx Modulation MPR for bandwidth class B(dB) MPR for bandwidth class C(dB) inner Outer12Outer23Inner Outer12Outer23DFT-s- Pi / 2 417.5 14 418.5 14.5 OFDM BPSK QPSK 417.5 418.5 16QAM 417.5 418.5 64QAM 6 7.5 6 8.5 256QAM 7.5 8 7.5 8.5 CP- QPSK 4.518 15 4.519 15.5 OFDM 16QAM 4.518 4.519 64QAM 6 8 6 9 256QAM 8.5 8.5 8.5 9 NOTE 1: the allowed MPR is [4]dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth < [2MHz]. NOTE 2: Outer 1 MPR for Pi / 2 BPSK and QPSK is reduced by 2dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 3: Outer 2 MPR is reduced by 4.5dB for aggregated allocation bandwidth > 10MHz NOTE 4: UE indicating TxD supported

[0059] In an example, for intra-band non-contiguous CA, the allowed Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) for the maximum output power may be specified into 2 types: MPR to meet -30dBm / MHz and -13dBm / MHz.

[0060] In an example, for inter-band carrier aggregation with two uplink contiguous carrier assigned to one NR band, the maximum output power reduction requirements for intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation may apply for that band. For inter-band carrier aggregation with two uplink non-contiguous carrier assigned to one NR band, the maximum output power reduction requirements for intra-band non-contiguous carrier aggregation may apply for that band. For combinations of intra-band and inter-band carrier aggregation with three uplink component carriers (up to two contiguously aggregated carriers per operating band), the maximum output power reduction requirements may apply for the NR band supporting one component carrier, and for the NR band supporting two contiguous component carriers.

[0061] For inter-band NR-DC with one uplink assigned per band, the requirements stated above (also in clause 6.2.2 or 6.2F.2 of 3GPP specification TS 38.101-1) when the uplink belongs to a spectrum sharing defined band apply for each uplink component carrier. When inter-band NR-DC is configured with intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation in one of thecell groups or both, the requirements in clause 6.2A.2 of TS 38.101-1 apply for each cell group configured with uplink contiguous carrier aggregation.

[0062] In an example, a communication system may support various (and different) features that may impact an operation of a UE, e.g., when the UE is not expected to perform an uplink (UL) transmission for a physical channel or transmit signaling / data to a specific active serving cell. For example, the UE may be configured with multiple active cells, carrier(s) or component carrier(s) (CCs). For example, the UE may be configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels. In an example, the UE may be configured with a carrier aggregation (CA), and / or a dual connectivity (DC). Therefore, the UE may have time overlapping transmissions and / or time non-overlapping transmissions, e.g., the overlapping may occur among (UL) transmission(s) on the two or more CCs, carriers of a cell of a MCG and a cell of a SCG, carriers of a PCell and a SCell, and / or the like.

[0063] In an example, in some network implementations, e.g., DC, coordination and signaling among cells may not be efficient due to slow coordination and signaling overhead.

[0064] In existing technologies, a large MPR difference between single carrier and CA MPR may exist. For example, for the case of CA and / or DC, the MPR may be defined based on the configuration of band combination(s). As a result, available transmission power (capability) for UL CA or DC may not be fully utilized compared to the single CC transmission and thus the coverage may be significantly reduced, and UL transmission disruptions / droppings may occur.

[0065] Thus, it is beneficial to enhance (or optimize) the UE behaviour in power control and power sharing / management (procedures) for CA / DC. In an example, the enhancements may further minimize MPR (or power management MPR (P-MPR)) impact on UL transmission power, and / or the like. For example, the enhancement of the UE behaviour may be based on a determination of a time-overlapping (UL) transmission period (or time domain window) and time non-overlapping (UL) transmission period (or time domain window).

[0066] In an example embodiment, a time domain window (TDW) may include a time period. For example, at least one TDW may include at least one time period.

[0067] Therefore, example embodiments are directed to determining time periods (e.g., time domain windows (TDWs)) during which an uplink transmission does not overlap in time or overlap with a subset of active cells, wherein the UE may change (e.g., increase or decrease) a maximum output power of a transmitter.

[0068] In an example embodiment, a UE may determine, at least one time domain window (TDW) indicative of at least one of a time non-overlapping uplink transmission, a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells (or a subset of cells), a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells, and / or the like. In an example, the UE may determine an uplink transmission power (or uplink maximum transmission power) for at least one uplink transmission to a network node. In an example, the uplink transmission power may be determined based on the at least one time domain window. In an example, the UE may perform the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0069] Therefore, according to an example embodiment, when a UE may perform uplink transmissions on multiple carriers due to a dual connectivity or a carrier aggregation, the uplink transmissions may overlap in time. Therefore, the UE may adapt / adjust its UL (maximum) transmission power to overcome an impact of interference based on (non)- overlapping uplink transmissions (in time). For example, the UE may maximize its UL (maximum) transmission power to enhance CA / DC performance and coverage.

[0070] In addition, when example embodiments are implemented, the UE may be able to determine TDWs for dynamic MPR adjustment and assist the network (or network node) for optimal UL performance and / or better load balancing. For example, the network node may activate or deactivate a SCell or may update SCell or bandwidth part (BWP) dormancy status based on the determined TDW, or based on the determined (maximum) UL power for the at least one (determined) TDW. Furthermore, example embodiments may enable the UE to dynamically optimize a CA UL transmission power based on time non-overlapping UL transmission(s). Finally, implementation of example embodiments may enhance coverage and / or capacity for CA with multiple active CCs, improve load balancing, and potentially reduce latency due to less hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) re- transmission / repetitions with UE power boost in time non-overlapping UL, in time non- overlapping UL and / or time-overlapping UL among a subset of active cells (the one or more active cells). In an example embodiment, the determining the uplink transmission power may include determining a maximum power reduction of a transmitter, wherein the maximum power reduction may indicate a reduction of a maximum output power of a power amplifier of the transmitter. In an example, the determining the uplink transmission power may include determining to increase the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission, or determining to decrease the uplink transmission power for the at least oneuplink transmission. In an example, the UL transmission power may be the (minimum or lower bound of) uplink transmission power. In an example, the UL transmission power may be the UL maximum output power that may include the configured maximum output (Pcmax). For example, the UE may be allowed to set its configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,c for carrier f of serving cell c in each slot. The configured maximum output power PCMAX,f,cmay be set within the following bounds: PCMAX_L,f,c ≤ PCMAX,f,c ≤ PCMAX_H,f,c with PCMAX_L,f,c = MIN {PEMAX,c– ∆TC,c, (PPowerClass – ΔPPowerClass + ΔPPowerBoost) – MAX(MAX(MPRc+∆MPRc, A-MPRc)+ ΔTIB,c + ∆TC,c + ∆TRxSRS, P-MPRc) } PCMAX_H,f,c= MIN {PEMAX,c, PPowerClass– ΔPPowerClass+ ΔPPowerBoost}, where PEMAX,c is the value given by either the p-Max IE or the field additionalPmax of the NR-NS-PmaxList IE, whichever is applicable, and PPowerClassis the maximum UE for shared spectrum access operation, without taking into account the tolerance for shared spectrum access operation.

[0071] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine (or change) the uplink transmission power during the at least one time domain window. For example, the determining (or changing) the uplink transmission power may include at least one of increasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission, or decreasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0072] In an example, the UE may transmit to the network node an indication of the at least one time domain window. For example, the UE may transmit the indication via a radio resource control (RRC) message, and / or lower layer signaling.

[0073] In an example embodiment, the one or more cells may include (or correspond to) at least one of one or more carriers, one or more component carriers, one or more bandwidth parts, and / or the like. In an example, the one or more active cells may include (or correspond to) at least one of one or more active carriers, one or more active component carriers, one or more active bandwidth parts, and / or the like.

[0074] In an example, the UE may be configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels. In an example, the UE may be configured or (may operate) with at least one of a dual connectivity (DC) or a carrier aggregation (CA).

[0075] In an example embodiment, the UE may receive from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window. For example, the information of the at least one time domain window may be information indicative of the at least one time domainwindow. In an example, the information of the at least one time domain window may include a start of the at least one time domain window, a length of the at least one time domain window, an end of the at least one time domain window, and / or the like.

[0076] In an example, the UE (and / or the network node) may determine the at least one time domain window based on at least one of a time division duplexing pattern that may include a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time, a sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells, a monitoring period for a downlink channel, a measurement period, one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions, one or more uplink grants, an energy saving state / mode of a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part, semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions ,a downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell, a pattern of uplink transmission gaps, a gap period, a time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions, a discontinuous reception (DRX) period of a cell, a configured discontinuous transmission (DTX) period of the UE, a deactivation timer of one or more cells, a deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts, an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells, an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts, a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells, a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts, information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells, information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells, information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells, information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, and / or the like. In an example, the ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission may be based on at least one of a radio frequency retuning time, an interruption time due to a carrier switch, and / or the like.

[0077] In an example embodiment, a time domain window may be a nominal TDW or an actual TDW.

[0078] In an example embodiment, the UE may determine a minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions, for the one or more cells. In an example, the UE may transmit to the one or more cells, an indication comprising the minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions. For example, the minimum scheduling offset may be per cell or per active cell, or per one or more (all) active cell(s). In an example, the minimum scheduling offset may be for single slot scheduling, cross slot scheduling single carrier scheduling, cross-carrier scheduling, and / or the like. In an example, the UE maydetermine the at least one time domain window at least based on the minimum scheduling offset. In other words, the UE may transmit its preferred minimum scheduling offset for UL transmission (K2_min_preferred), then the UE may receive from the network node an indication of the minimum scheduling offset (K2_min). In an example, the preferred minimum scheduling offset or the minimum scheduling offset may be used to determine the at least one TDW.

[0079] In an example, the UE may receive a scheduling offset from the network node. In an example, the UE may omit performing the at least one uplink transmission based on receiving from the network node the scheduling offset that is less than the minimum scheduling offset. In an example, the UE may determine the at least one time domain window based on the minimum scheduling offset.

[0080] In other words, the UE may determine and indicate a new parameter for the minimum scheduling offset preference per active serving cell or common for a subset / all active or configured cells. The minimum scheduling offset may correspond to K2_preferredMin offset for an UL transmission which may represent the offset between a downlink (DL) slot where PDCCH (DCI) for UL scheduling is received and the UL slot where the UL data need to be sent on PUSCH. The minimum scheduling offset may be applicable for CA or DC. The minimum scheduling offset may be for single slot / carrier scheduling and cross-slot / carrier scheduling, or single slot / carrier scheduling only. In an example, the minimum scheduling offset may be neglected for active cells associated with cross-carrier scheduling, or one of preferred K2min (e.g., max / min) if it is per active serving cell, or if it is considered with cross-carrier scheduling. In an example, the UE may be configured to omit UL transmission(s) if the UE receives a transmission grant with smaller K2, K2_preferredMin or K2_Min. In an example, the network node may use the preferred K2_ preferredMin to select K2 or K2_min for scheduling UL transmission. The network node may determine and may indicate K2_min to the UE. In an example, the UE may determine or update at least one of the determined TDW(s) based on K2_min. For example, the UE may determine the start or end of a TDW based on the DL slot / symbol position for each active cell where the UE may receive a PDCCH and K2_min (common or not). In an example, UE may determine the earliest possible instant for a dynamic UL transmission for each active cell, and may determine the start / end of at least one TDW.

[0081] In an example, the K2 for an UL transmission may represent the offset between a downlink (DL) slot where PDCCH (DCI) for UL scheduling is received and the UL slot where the UL data need to be sent on PUSCH. In an example, the K2_preferredMin may beindicated by the UE and for an UL transmission may represent the preferred minimum offset between a downlink (DL) slot where PDCCH (DCI) for UL scheduling is received and the UL slot where the UL data need to be sent on PUSCH. In an example, the K2_Min may be indicated to the UE by the network node and for an UL transmission may represent the configured minimum offset between a downlink (DL) slot where PDCCH (DCI) for UL scheduling is received and the UL slot where the UL data need to be sent on PUSCH. In an example, the K2_min may be determined by the network node based on at least one K2_preferredMin (for one or more cells). Then, the K2 may be determined by the network node based on at least one network determined K2_min or at least one UE indicated K2_preferredMin.

[0082] In an example embodiment, the UE may update the at least one time domain window based on at least one of receiving a configured grant physical uplink shared channel type 1, information indicative of update of a dormancy status of the one or more active cells, an indication of a bandwidth part switching, information indicative of a configuration update of a discontinuous transmission or a configuration update of a discontinues reception, expiry of a timer associated with a validity of the at least one time domain window, and / or the like.

[0083] In an example, the UE may transmit to the network node at least one of a capability indication of a power management, or enhanced CA MPR based on the time domain window, a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window, and / or the like. In an example, the capability indication may be a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation MPR based on the time domain window.

[0084] In an example, the UE may receive from the network node an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0085] In an example embodiment, the UE may transmit to the network node, information of the at least one TDW. For example, the information of the at least one TDW may include a start of the at least one time domain window, a length of the at least one time domain window, an end of the at least one time domain window, and / or the like.

[0086] In an example embodiment, the UE may receive from the network node, information of the at least one TDW. In an example, the information of the at least one TDW may include at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window, a length of the at least one time domain window, an end of the at least one time domain window, and / or the like.

[0087] In an example embodiment, the UE may receive from the network node, a threshold value associated with at least one element of the information of the at least one TDW. For example, the determining the uplink transmission power may be based on the threshold value. In other words, based on a time related threshold value, the UE may determine pre-defined action(s), based on the at least one determined TDW, cell(s) with or without (potential) UL transmission(s) during the determined TDW. For example, when the threshold value is associated with a length of the TDW, then the UE may omit UL transmission power update if the TDW < threshold value. In another example, the UE may enter deep sleep state (for UE in a DTX or uDTx) in at least one cell without UL transmission if the TDW>threshold value.

[0088] In an example embodiment, the UE may receive from the network node, a request for information of the at least one TDW.

[0089] In an example, the UE may receive from the network node, assistance information for determining the at least one TDW. For example, the assistance information may include at least one of a dormancy status of the one or more cells, a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells, a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts, a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells, and / or the like.

[0090] In an example, the UE may determine a discontinuous transmission, a discontinuous reception, a dormancy state pattern, a deep sleep pattern or duration, and / or the like, at least in part based on the at least one TDW.

[0091] FIG.3 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment. In an example, the nominal TDW for a time non-overlapping UL transmission may correspond to a period where the UE is expecting to have at most one UL transmission to / on an active cell within a group of active cells (e.g., sharing the same PA). It may also include an actual time non-overlapping UL transmission case or no UL transmission. The nominal TDW may be determined based on static / semi-static configuration or events, or higher layer configuration parameters such as RRC.

[0092] In an example as shown in FIG.3, the actual TDW for a time non-overlapping UL transmission may correspond to a period where UE actually has one UL transmission granted or scheduled (e.g., by semi-persistent scheduling) that is not overlapping with other UL transmission to / on other active cells (or a subset of active cells sharing the same PA). In an example, the real actual UL transmission(s) may be (determined) based on higher and / or lower layer signalling.

[0093] In an example embodiment, as shown in FIG.3, the nominal TDW for a time overlapping UL transmission(s) may correspond to a period where the UE cannot guarantee time non-overlapping UL transmission(s), or the UE is expecting to have one or more UL transmissions to active cells. In an example, nominal TDW for time overlapping UL transmission(s) may include actual time-overlapping UL transmissions, and may also include part of actual time non-overlapping UL transmission(s) or no UL transmission.

[0094] In an example, as shown in FIG.3, the actual TDW for a time overlapping UL transmission may correspond to a period where at least two UL transmissions are overlapped actually in time.

[0095] FIG.4 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or user device, or other apparatus) according to an example embodiment. Operation 410 may include determining by a user device, at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission, a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells. Operation 420 may include determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node. Operation 430 may include performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0096] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: determining a maximum power reduction of a transmitter, wherein the maximum power reduction indicates a reduction of a maximum output power of a power amplifier of the transmitter; determining to increase the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or determining to decrease the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0097] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include determining the uplink transmission power during the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: increasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or decreasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0098] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include transmitting to the network node an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0099] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein: the one or more cells comprises (or corresponds to) at least one of: one or more carriers; oneor more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0100] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein the user device is configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels.

[0101] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0102] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: a time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; a sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; a monitoring period for a downlink channel; a measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; an energy saving state / mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part; semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; a downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; a pattern of uplink transmission gaps; a time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; a discontinuous reception period of a cell; a configured discontinuous transmission period of the user device; a deactivation timer of one or more cells; a deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0103] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein a time domain window is a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0104] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include: determining a minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions, for theone or more cells; and transmitting to the one or more cells, an indication comprising the minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions.

[0105] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein: the minimum scheduling offset is per cell or per active cell; and the minimum scheduling offset is for single carrier scheduling, cross carrier scheduling, single slot scheduling or cross slot scheduling.

[0106] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include: receiving a scheduling offset from the network node; and omitting performing the at least one uplink transmission based on receiving from the network node the scheduling offset that is less than the minimum scheduling offset.

[0107] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein the determining the at least one time domain window is based at least in part on the minimum scheduling offset.

[0108] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include updating the at least one time domain window based on at least one of: receiving a configured grant physical uplink shared channel type 1; information indicative of update of a dormancy status of the one or more active cells; an indication of a bandwidth part switching; information indicative of a configuration update of a discontinuous transmission or a configuration update of a discontinues reception; or expiry of a timer associated with a validity of the at least one time domain window.

[0109] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include transmitting to the network node at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0110] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0111] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include transmitting to the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0112] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0113] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node, a threshold value associated with at least one element of the information of the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power is based on the threshold value.

[0114] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0115] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include receiving from the network node, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0116] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include determining, at least in part based on the at least one time domain window, at least one of: a discontinuous transmission; a discontinuous reception; a dormancy state pattern; or a deep sleep pattern or duration.

[0117] With respect to the method of FIG.4, the method may further include wherein the user device operates with at least one of a dual connectivity or a carrier aggregation.

[0118] FIG.5 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus) according to an example embodiment. Operation 510 may include determining by a network node, at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission, a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells. Operation 520 may include receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0119] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include receiving from the user device an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0120] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include wherein: the one or more cells comprises (or corresponds to) at least one of: one or more carriers;one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0121] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0122] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: a time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; a sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; a monitoring period for a downlink channel; a measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; an energy saving state / mode of at least one cell (or a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part); semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; a downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; a pattern of uplink transmission gaps; a time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; a discontinuous reception period of a cell; a configured discontinuous transmission period of the user device; a deactivation timer of one or more cells; a deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0123] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include receiving from the user device at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window; a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0124] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include transmitting to the user device an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0125] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include receiving from the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0126] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0127] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include transmitting to the user device a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0128] With respect to the method of FIG.5, the method may further include transmitting to the user device, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0129] Some examples will now be described, based on the description and figures provided herein.

[0130] Example 1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0131] Example 2. The apparatus of example 1, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: determining a maximum power reduction of a transmitter, wherein the maximum power reduction indicates a reduction of a maximum output power of a power amplifier of the transmitter; determining to increase the uplinktransmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or determining to decrease the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0132] Example 3. The apparatus of example 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining the uplink transmission power during the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: increasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or decreasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0133] Example 4. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 3, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0134] Example 5. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 4, wherein: the one or more cells comprises at least one of: one or more carriers; one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0135] Example 6. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus is configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels.

[0136] Example 7. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0137] Example 8. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 7, wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: at least one time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; at least one sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; at least one monitoring period for a downlink channel; at least one measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; at least one energy saving state or mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part; semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; at least one downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; at least one pattern of uplink transmission gaps; at least one time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; at least one discontinuous reception period of a cell; at least one configured discontinuous transmission period of the apparatus; at least one deactivation timer of one or more cells; at least one deactivation timer of one or morebandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0138] Example 9. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 8, wherein a time domain window is a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0139] Example 10. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 9, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform: determining a minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions, for the one or more cells; and transmitting to the one or more cells, an indication comprising the minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions.

[0140] Example 11. The apparatus of example 10, wherein: the minimum scheduling offset is per cell or per active cell; and the minimum scheduling offset is for single carrier scheduling, cross carrier scheduling, single slot scheduling or cross slot scheduling.

[0141] Example 12. The apparatus of example 10, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform: receiving a scheduling offset from the network node; and omitting performing the at least one uplink transmission based on receiving from the network node the scheduling offset that is less than the minimum scheduling offset.

[0142] Example 13. The apparatus of example 10, wherein the determining the at least one time domain window is based at least in part on the minimum scheduling offset.

[0143] Example 14. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 13, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform updating the at least one time domain window based on at least one of: receiving a configured grant physical uplink shared channel type 1; information indicative of update of a dormancy status of the one or more active cells; an indication of a bandwidth part switching; information indicative of a configuration update of a discontinuous transmission or a configuration update of a discontinues reception; or expiry of a timer associated with a validity of the at least one time domain window.

[0144] Example 15. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 14, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node at least one of: a capabilityindication of a power management based on a time domain window a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0145] Example 16. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 15, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0146] Example 17. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0147] Example 18. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 17, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0148] Example 19. The apparatus of example 18, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, a threshold value associated with at least one element of the information of the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power is based on the threshold value.

[0149] Example 20. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 19, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0150] Example 21. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 20, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0151] Example 22. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 21, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining, at least in part based on the at least one time domain window, at least one of: a discontinuous transmission; a discontinuous reception; a dormancy state pattern; or a deep sleep pattern or duration.

[0152] Example 23. The apparatus of any of examples 1 to 22, wherein the apparatus operates with at least one of a dual connectivity or a carrier aggregation.

[0153] Example 24. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0154] Example 25. The apparatus of example 24, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the user device an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0155] Example 26. The apparatus of any of examples 24 or 25, wherein: the one or more cells comprises at least one of: one or more carriers; one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0156] Example 27. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 26, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0157] Example 28. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 27, wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: at least one time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; at least one sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; at least one monitoring period for a downlink channel; at least one measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; at least one energy saving state or mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part; semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; at least one downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; at least one pattern of uplink transmission gaps; at least one time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; at least one discontinuous reception period of a cell; at least one configured discontinuous transmission period of the apparatus; at least one deactivation timer of one or more cells; at least one deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation ordeactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0158] Example 29. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 28, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the user device at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window; a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0159] Example 30. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 29, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the user device an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0160] Example 31. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 30, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0161] Example 32. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 31, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0162] Example 33. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 32, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the user device a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0163] Example 34. The apparatus of any of examples 24 to 33, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the user device, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern fordormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0164] Example 35. A method comprising: determining by a user device, at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0165] Example 36. The method of example 35, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: determining a maximum power reduction of a transmitter, wherein the maximum power reduction indicates a reduction of a maximum output power of a power amplifier of the transmitter; determining to increase the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or determining to decrease the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0166] Example 37. The method of example 35 or 36, further comprising determining the uplink transmission power during the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: increasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or decreasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

[0167] Example 38. The method of any of examples 35 to 37, further comprising transmitting to the network node an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0168] Example 39. The method of any of examples 35 to 38, wherein: the one or more cells comprises at least one of: one or more carriers; one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0169] Example 40. The method of any of examples 35 to 39, wherein the user device is configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels.

[0170] Example 41. The method of any of examples 35 to 40, further comprising receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0171] Example 42. The method of any of examples 35 to 41, wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: at least one time divisionduplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; at least one sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; at least one monitoring period for a downlink channel; at least one measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; at least one energy saving state or mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part; semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; at least one downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; at least one pattern of uplink transmission gaps; at least one time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; at least one discontinuous reception period of a cell; at least one configured discontinuous transmission period of the apparatus; at least one deactivation timer of one or more cells; at least one deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0172] Example 43. The method of any of examples 35 to 42, wherein a time domain window is a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0173] Example 44. The method of any of examples 35 to 43, further comprising: determining a minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions, for the one or more cells; and transmitting to the one or more cells, an indication comprising the minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions.

[0174] Example 45. The method of example 44, wherein: the minimum scheduling offset is per cell or per active cell; and the minimum scheduling offset is for single carrier scheduling, cross carrier scheduling, single slot scheduling or cross slot scheduling.

[0175] Example 46. The method of example 44, further comprising: receiving a scheduling offset from the network node; and omitting performing the at least one uplink transmission based on receiving from the network node the scheduling offset that is less than the minimum scheduling offset.

[0176] Example 47. The method of example 44, wherein the determining the at least one time domain window is based at least in part on the minimum scheduling offset.

[0177] Example 48. The method of any of examples 35 to 47, further comprising updating the at least one time domain window based on at least one of: receiving a configured grant physical uplink shared channel type 1; information indicative of update of a dormancy status of the one or more active cells; an indication of a bandwidth part switching; information indicative of a configuration update of a discontinuous transmission or a configuration update of a discontinues reception; or expiry of a timer associated with a validity of the at least one time domain window.

[0178] Example 49. The method of any of examples 35 to 48, further comprising transmitting to the network node at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0179] Example 50. The method of any of examples 35 to 49, further comprising receiving from the network node an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0180] Example 51. The method of any of examples 35 to 50, further comprising transmitting to the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0181] Example 52. The method of any of examples 35 to 51, further comprising receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0182] Example 53. The method of example 52, further comprising receiving from the network node, a threshold value associated with at least one element of the information of the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power is based on the threshold value.

[0183] Example 54. The method of any of examples 35 to 53, further comprising receiving from the network node a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0184] Example 55. The method of any of examples 35 to 54, further comprising receiving from the network node, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0185] Example 56. The method of any of examples 35 to 55, further comprising determining, at least in part based on the at least one time domain window, at least one of: a discontinuous transmission; a discontinuous reception; a dormancy state pattern; or a deep sleep pattern or duration.

[0186] Example 57. The method of any of examples 35 to 56, wherein the user device operates with at least one of a dual connectivity or a carrier aggregation.

[0187] Example 58. A method comprising: determining by a network node, at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0188] Example 59. The method of example 58, further comprising receiving from the user device an indication of the at least one time domain window.

[0189] Example 60. The method of any of examples 58 or 59, wherein: the one or more cells comprises at least one of: one or more carriers; one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

[0190] Example 61. The method of any of examples 58 to 60, further comprising transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window.

[0191] Example 62. The method of any of examples 58 to 61, wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: at least one time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; at least one sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; at least one monitoring period for a downlink channel; at least one measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; at least one energy saving state or mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part;semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions; at least one downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; at least one pattern of uplink transmission gaps; at least one time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; at least one discontinuous reception period of a cell; at least one configured discontinuous transmission period of the apparatus; at least one deactivation timer of one or more cells; at least one deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

[0192] Example 63. The method of any of examples 58 to 62, further comprising receiving from the user device at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window; a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0193] Example 64. The method of any of examples 58 to 63, further comprising transmitting to the user device an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

[0194] Example 65. The method of any of examples 58 to 64, further comprising receiving from the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0195] Example 66. The method of any of examples 58 to 65, further comprising transmitting to the user device, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

[0196] Example 67. The method of any of examples 58 to 66, further comprising transmitting to the user device a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

[0197] Example 68. The method of any of examples 58 to 67, further comprising transmitting to the user device, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

[0198] Example 69. An apparatus comprising: means for determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; means for determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and means for performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0199] Example 70. An apparatus comprising: means for determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; means for receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0200] Example 71. An apparatus comprising means for performing a method of any of examples 35 to 57.

[0201] Example 72. An apparatus comprising means for performing a method of any of examples 58 to 68.

[0202] Example 73. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

[0203] Example 74. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

[0204] Example 75. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform a method of any of examples 35 to 57.

[0205] Example 76. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform a method of any of examples 58 to 68.

[0206] Example 77. A computer program comprising instructions stored thereon for performing a method of any of examples 35 to 57.

[0207] Example 78. A computer program comprising instructions stored thereon for performing a method of any of examples 58 to 68.

[0208] In an example, in case of single CC with activated cell, the following MPR requirements may be applied for PC3 / PC2 intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation. - MPR defined in Table 6.2.2-1 (of TS 38.101-1, as shown below) may apply for UE power class 3 CA bandwidth classes B and C.TS 38.101-1: Table 6.2.2-1 Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 3 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB allocations Outer RB allocations Inner RB allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 BPSK ≤ 3.51≤ 1.21≤ 0.21OFDM ≤ 0.52,3≤ 0.5202,4Pi / 2 BPSK w ≤ 0.52,30202,4Pi / 2 BPSK DMRS QPSK ≤ 1 0516 QAM ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 2.5 256 QAM ≤ 4.5 CP- QPSK ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 QAM ≤ 6.5 NOTE 1: Applicable for UE operating in TDD mode with Pi / 2 BPSK modulation and UE indicates support for UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and if the IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1 and 40 % or less slots in radio frame are used for UL transmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79. The reference power of 0 dB MPR is 26 dBm. NOTE 2: Applicable for conditions where note 1 does not apply. NOTE 3: For 3 MHz channel bandwidth the Pi / 2 BPSK edge allocation MPR is 1 dB NOTE 4: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 5: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostTSRel18] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] - MPR defined in Table 6.2D.2-1 (of TS 38.101-1, as shown below) may apply for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when TxD capability is indicated.TS 38.101-1: Table 6.2D.2-1: Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2 with dual Tx Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB allocations allocations allocations Pi / 2 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 1 01BPSK QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 0.52DFT-s- OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5 ≤ 1.5 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 256 ≤ 5.5 QAM QPSK ≤ 4.0 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 CP- 16 QAM ≤ 4.0 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5 OFDM 64 QAM ≤ 4.5 256 ≤ 8.0 QAM NOTE 1: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by ΔPPowerBoost NOTE 2: For a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1, the reference power is increased by ΔPPowerBoost - MPR defined in Table 6.2.2-2 (of TS 38.101-1, as shown below) may apply for power class 2 CA bandwidth classes B and C when TxD capability is absent.TS 38.101-1: Table 6.2.2-2 Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2 Modulation MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB allocations allocations allocations DFT-s- Pi / 2 ≤ 3.5 ≤ 0.5 01OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 1 0216 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2 ≤ 1 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 2.5 256 ≤ 4.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 1.5 OFDM 16 QAM ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3 ≤ 2 64 QAM ≤ 3.5 256 ≤ 6.5 QAM NOTE 1: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostPi2BPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost - ΔPPowerClass] NOTE 2: Applicable for a UE indicating support for UE capability [powerBoostRel18] or [powerBoostRel18TS] and if the IE [powerBoostQPSKRel18] is set to 1. The reference power is increased by [ΔPPowerBoost- ΔPPowerClass] However, more than 1 cell may be activated and thus the single carrier MPR in Table 6.2.2-1 (of TS 38.101-1, as shown above) and Table 6.2.2-2 (of TS 38.101-1, as shown above) won’t be applied in all possible cases. For example, if 1 Scell is active but dormant, or the UE does not have time-overlapping UL transmission among the activated cells, the UE may also use single carrier MPR based on the aforementioned MPR tables and conditions. So, MPR applicability may be further enhanced by considering the time non-overlapping UL transmission among multiple active cells and extending to the case with more than one active cells.

[0209] In an example, MPR applicability in the cases of more than one active cell with time non-overlapping UL transmission or 1 non-dormant cell may be also considered.

[0210] FIG.6 is a block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., UE, user device, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node) 1300 according to an example embodiment. The wireless station 1300 may include, for example, one or more (e.g., two as shown in FIG.6) RF (radio frequency) or wireless transceivers 1302A, 1302B, where each wireless transceiver includes a transmitter to transmit signals and a receiver to receivesignals. The wireless station also includes a processor or control unit / entity (controller) 1304 to execute instructions or software and control transmission and receptions of signals, and a memory 1306 to store data and / or instructions.

[0211] Processor 1304 may also make decisions or determinations, generate frames, packets or messages for transmission, decode received frames or messages for further processing, and other tasks or functions described herein. Processor 1304, which may be a baseband processor, for example, may generate messages, packets, frames or other signals for transmission via wireless transceiver 1302 (1302A or 1302B). Processor 1304 may control transmission of signals or messages over a wireless network, and may control the reception of signals or messages, etc., via a wireless network (e.g., after being down- converted by wireless transceiver 1302, for example). Processor 1304 may be programmable and capable of executing software or other instructions stored in memory or on other computer media to perform the various tasks and functions described above, such as one or more of the tasks or methods described above. Processor 1304 may be (or may include), for example, hardware, programmable logic, a programmable processor that executes software or firmware, and / or any combination of these. Using other terminology, processor 1304 and transceiver 1302 together may be considered as a wireless transmitter / receiver system, for example.

[0212] In addition, referring to FIG.6, a controller (or processor) 1308 may execute software and instructions, and may provide overall control for the station 1300, and may provide control for other systems not shown in FIG.6, such as controlling input / output devices (e.g., display, keypad), and / or may execute software for one or more applications that may be provided on wireless station 1300, such as, for example, an email program, audio / video applications, a word processor, a Voice over IP application, or other application or software.

[0213] In addition, a storage medium may be provided that includes stored instructions, which when executed by a controller or processor may result in the processor 1304, or other controller or processor, performing one or more of the functions or tasks described above.

[0214] According to another example embodiment, RF or wireless transceiver(s) 1302A / 1302B may receive signals or data and / or transmit or send signals or data. Processor 1304 (and possibly transceivers 1302A / 1302B) may control the RF or wireless transceiver 1302A or 1302B to receive, send, broadcast or transmit signals or data.

[0215] Example embodiments are provided or described for each of the example methods, including: An apparatus (e.g., 1300, FIG.6) including means (e.g., processor 1304,RF transceivers 1302A and / or 1302B, and / or memory 1306, in FIG.6) for carrying out any of the methods; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., memory 1306, FIG.6) comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor (processor 1304, FIG.6), are configured to cause a computing system (e.g., 1300, FIG.6) to perform any of the example methods; and an apparatus (e.g., 1300, FIG.6) including at least one processor (e.g., processor 1304, FIG.6), and at least one memory (e.g., memory 1306, FIG.6) including computer program code, the at least one memory (1306) and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor (1304), cause the apparatus (e.g., 1300) at least to perform any of the example methods.

[0216] Embodiments of the various techniques described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Embodiments may be implemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers. Embodiments may also be provided on a computer readable medium or computer readable storage medium, which may be a non-transitory medium. Embodiments of the various techniques may also include embodiments provided via transitory signals or media, and / or programs and / or software embodiments that are downloadable via the Internet or other network(s), either wired networks and / or wireless networks. In addition, embodiments may be provided via machine type communications (MTC), and also via an Internet of Things (IOT).

[0217] As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ or “circuit” refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of circuits and soft-ware (and / or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s) / software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present. This definition of ‘circuitry’ applies to all uses of this term in this application. As a further example, as used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term ‘circuitry’ would also cover, for example and ifapplicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or another network device.

[0218] The computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some sort of carrier, distribution medium, or computer readable medium, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, photoelectrical and / or electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example. Depending on the processing power needed, the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital computer, or it may be distributed amongst a number of computers.

[0219] Furthermore, embodiments of the various techniques described herein may use a cyber-physical system (CPS) (a system of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities). CPS may enable the embodiment and exploitation of massive amounts of interconnected ICT devices (sensors, actuators, processors microcontrollers, ...) embedded in physical objects at different locations. Mobile cyber physical systems, in which the physical system in question has inherent mobility, are a subcategory of cyber-physical systems. Examples of mobile physical systems include mobile robotics and electronics transported by humans or animals. The rise in popularity of smartphones has increased interest in the area of mobile cyber-physical systems. Therefore, various embodiments of techniques described herein may be provided via one or more of these technologies.

[0220] A computer program, such as the computer program(s) described above, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit or part of it suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

[0221] Method steps may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program or computer program portions to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps also may be performed by, and an apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).

[0222] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer, chip or chipset. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. Elements of a computer may include at least one processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer also may include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magnetooptical disks, or optical disks. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0223] To provide for interaction with a user, embodiments may be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a user interface, such as a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

[0224] Embodiments may be implemented in a computing system that includes a backend component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a frontend component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an embodiment, or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. Components may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), e.g., the Internet.

[0225] While certain features of the described embodiments have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claimsare intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the various embodiments.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: determining a maximum power reduction of a transmitter, wherein the maximum power reduction indicates a reduction of a maximum output power of a power amplifier of the transmitter; determining to increase the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or determining to decrease the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining the uplink transmission power during the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power comprises at least one of: increasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission; or decreasing the uplink transmission power for the at least one uplink transmission.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node an indication of the at least one time domain window.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the one or more cells comprises at least one of: one or more carriers; one or more component carriers; or one or more bandwidth parts; and the one or more active cells comprises at least one of: one or more active carriers; one or more active component carriers; or one or more active bandwidth parts.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus is configured with two or more component carriers or frequency domain multiplexing of uplink physical channels.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one time domain window is determined based on at least one of: at least one time division duplexing pattern comprising a pattern of uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions in time; at least one sub-band full duplex pattern of the one or more active cells; at least one monitoring period for a downlink channel; at least one measurement period; one or more scheduled or configured uplink transmissions; one or more uplink grants; at least one energy saving state or mode of at least one cell, a secondary cell or a carrier or a bandwidth part; semi-persistent uplink transmissions or periodic uplink transmissions;at least one downlink monitoring period of a half-duplex frequency division duplexing cell; at least one pattern of uplink transmission gaps; at least one time division duplexing guard period between uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions; at least one discontinuous reception period of a cell; at least one configured discontinuous transmission period of the apparatus; at least one deactivation timer of one or more cells; at least one deactivation timer of one or more bandwidth parts; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more cells; an activation or deactivation status of the one or more bandwidth parts; a dormancy status of the one or more cells or a secondary cell group of the one or more cells; a dormancy status of the one or more bandwidth parts; information indicative of an uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a minimum uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; information indicative of a real uplink scheduling offset for the one or more active cells; or information indicative of an ability to perform the at least one uplink transmission, wherein the ability is based on at least one of: a radio frequency retuning time; or an interruption time due to a carrier switch.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a time domain window is a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform: determining a minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions, for the one or more cells; and transmitting to the one or more cells, an indication comprising the minimum scheduling offset for the at least one uplink transmissions.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the minimum scheduling offset is per cell or per active cell; and the minimum scheduling offset is for single carrier scheduling, cross carrier scheduling, single slot scheduling or cross slot scheduling.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform: receiving a scheduling offset from the network node; and omitting performing the at least one uplink transmission based on receiving from the network node the scheduling offset that is less than the minimum scheduling offset.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the determining the at least one time domain window is based at least in part on the minimum scheduling offset.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform updating the at least one time domain window based on at least one of: receiving a configured grant physical uplink shared channel type 1; information indicative of update of a dormancy status of the one or more active cells; an indication of a bandwidth part switching; information indicative of a configuration update of a discontinuous transmission or a configuration update of a discontinues reception; or expiry of a timer associated with a validity of the at least one time domain window.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node at least one of: a capability indication of a power management based on a time domain window; a capability indication of enhanced carrier aggregation maximum power reduction based on the time domain window; or a capability indication indicative of a time domain window being a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

16. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node an indication of selecting a nominal time domain window or an actual time domain window.

17. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transmitting to the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

18. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, information of the at least one time domain window comprising at least one of: a start of the at least one time domain window; a length of the at least one time domain window; or an end of the at least one time domain window.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, a threshold value associated with at least one element of the information of the at least one time domain window, wherein the determining the uplink transmission power is based on the threshold value.

20. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node a request for information of the at least one time domain window.

21. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving from the network node, assistance information for determining the at least one time domain window, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: a dormancy status of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of the one or more cells; a time pattern for dormancy of one or more bandwidth parts; or a time pattern for activation or deactivation of the one or more cells.

22. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining, at least in part based on the at least one time domain window, at least one of:a discontinuous transmission; a discontinuous reception; a dormancy state pattern; or a deep sleep pattern or duration.

23. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the apparatus operates with at least one of a dual connectivity or a carrier aggregation.

24. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; receiving at least one uplink transmission from a user device based on an uplink transmission power determined based on the at least one time domain window.

25. A method comprising: determining by a user device, at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

26. An apparatus comprising:means for determining at least one time domain window indicative of at least one of: a time non-overlapping uplink transmission; a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more cells; or a time overlapping uplink transmission among one or more active cells; means for determining, based on the at least one time domain window, an uplink transmission power for at least one uplink transmission to a network node; and means for performing the at least one uplink transmission to the network node based on the determined uplink transmission power.

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