Data transmission method,and apparatus, and system thereof

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application disclose a data transmission method, and an apparatus and a system thereof, which are compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, are more conducive to hardware implementation, and can further be applied to future transmission scenarios using multi-wave or multi-subcarrier transmission, for example, 800 Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2 Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16-QAM modulation, 1.6 Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16-QAM modulation, or even higher rate transmission scenarios such as 2.4 T / 3.2 T. The method comprises: sending W data frames, the number of symbols comprised in any one data frame in a polarization direction being 87552, each data frame comprising 12 subframes, and the number of symbols comprised in each subframe being 7296, where W is an even number.

Description

A data transmission method, apparatus and system thereof

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411441526.3, filed on October 14, 2024, entitled "A data transmission method, apparatus and system thereof", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method, apparatus and system thereof. Background Technology

[0003] Driven by 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, high-speed optical transmission networks are developing towards higher capacity, packetization, and intelligence. Coherent optical communication systems utilize the amplitude, phase, polarization, or frequency of light waves to carry information. To combat optical signal distortion caused by dispersion, polarization-related impairments, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and to maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems typically frame the sequence of symbols to be transmitted before sending them. This involves adding some pre-designed symbol sequences to make it easier for the receiver to recover the transmitted symbols.

[0004] Existing framing schemes are mainly used in 400Gbps or 800Gbps single-carrier transmission scenarios, and cannot adapt to future scenarios using multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, such as 800Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, and 1.6Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, and system that can support future scenarios using multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, and is compatible with existing DSP framing schemes for 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, which is more conducive to hardware implementation.

[0006] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, the method comprising: sending W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, each subframe includes 7296 symbols, and W is an even number.

[0007] Secondly, a data transmission method is provided, the method comprising: receiving W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, each subframe includes 7296 symbols, and W is an even number.

[0008] In this implementation, each data frame can correspond to one subcarrier, which can be applied to future scenarios that use multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, such as 800Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, 1.6Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, and even higher speed transmission scenarios such as 2.4T / 3.2T. It is also compatible with existing DSP framing schemes of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, which is more conducive to hardware implementation.

[0009] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in one possible implementation, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe in one polarization direction. PS The number of training symbols N TS The number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW And the number of reserved symbols N RES Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

[0010] This embodiment presents several possible data frame schemes, where the number N of frame synchronization symbols is... FAW All numbers are even, effectively ensuring that the frame synchronization symbols can satisfy DC balance. Furthermore, the relatively long number of frame synchronization symbols allows the receiver to accurately identify the position of the frame synchronization symbols during synchronization processing, making the transmission system more robust and reliable. Moreover, the number N pilot symbols in one polarization direction... PS =114, the number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S The 7296 symbols are all identical to the parameters in existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, providing good compatibility with existing DSP framing schemes for 800ZR and 800ZR+, and facilitating hardware implementation. In other words, the scheme presented in this application supports data transmission at higher rates such as 800G and 1.6T while also being effectively compatible with existing 800ZR and 800ZR+ schemes, making hardware implementation easier.

[0011] Combining the first or second aspect and the aforementioned possible implementations, in one possible implementation, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 26 reserved symbols in one polarization direction. It should be understood that the number N of pilot symbols in each subframe in one polarization direction... PS The number of training symbols N TS The total number of symbols N contained in each subframe SThe number of frame synchronization symbols in each data frame is equal to the parameters used in existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, ensuring good compatibility with existing DSP framing schemes for 800ZR and 800ZR+, and facilitating hardware implementation. In other words, the scheme presented in this application supports data transmission at higher rates such as 800G and 1.6T while also being effectively compatible with existing 800ZR and 800ZR+ schemes, simplifying hardware implementation. The 22 frame synchronization symbols ensure fast synchronization at the receiver, making the scheme more robust and reliable; it also allows for a larger number of reserved symbols, facilitating their use for future applications.

[0012] In conjunction with the first or second aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols in one polarization direction. In this embodiment, the bit data corresponding to the pre-framing symbols comes from data obtained through coding interleaving, meaning the framing scheme adopted is compatible with existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ coding interleaving schemes, which is beneficial for hardware implementation.

[0013] Combining the first or second aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, W=2. Two data frames can be carried on two subcarriers, supporting data transmission rates of 800G, 1.6T, and even future higher rates such as 3.2T.

[0014] In conjunction with the first or second aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, the W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams, and each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames.

[0015] Thirdly, a data transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a transmitting unit; the transmitting unit is used to transmit W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, each subframe includes 7296 symbols, and W is an even number.

[0016] Fourthly, a data transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus including a receiving unit; the receiving unit is used to receive W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, each subframe includes 7296 symbols, and W is an even number.

[0017] In this implementation, each data frame can correspond to one subcarrier, which can be applied to future scenarios that use multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, such as 800Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, 1.6Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, and even higher speed transmission scenarios such as 2.4T / 3.2T. It is also compatible with existing DSP framing schemes of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, which is more conducive to hardware implementation.

[0018] In conjunction with the third or fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe in one polarization direction. PS The number of training symbols N TS The number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW And the number of reserved symbols N RES Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

[0019] This embodiment presents several possible data frame schemes, where the number N of frame synchronization symbols is... FAW All numbers are even, effectively ensuring that the frame synchronization symbols can satisfy DC balance. Furthermore, the relatively long number of frame synchronization symbols allows the receiver to accurately identify the position of the frame synchronization symbols during synchronization processing, making the transmission system more robust and reliable. Moreover, the number N pilot symbols in one polarization direction... PS =114, the number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S The 7296 symbols are all identical to the parameters in existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, providing good compatibility with existing DSP framing schemes for 800ZR and 800ZR+, and facilitating hardware implementation. In other words, the scheme presented in this application supports data transmission at higher rates such as 800G and 1.6T while also being effectively compatible with existing 800ZR and 800ZR+ schemes, making hardware implementation easier.

[0020] Combining the third or fourth aspect and the aforementioned possible implementations, in one possible implementation, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, 22 frame synchronization symbols, and 26 reserved symbols in one polarization direction. It should be understood that the number N of pilot symbols in each subframe in one polarization direction... PS The number of training symbols N TS The total number of symbols N contained in each subframe SThe number of frame synchronization symbols in each data frame is equal to the parameters used in existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, ensuring good compatibility with existing DSP framing schemes for 800ZR and 800ZR+, and facilitating hardware implementation. In other words, the scheme presented in this application supports data transmission at higher rates such as 800G and 1.6T while also being effectively compatible with existing 800ZR and 800ZR+ schemes, simplifying hardware implementation. The 22 frame synchronization symbols ensure fast synchronization at the receiver, making the scheme more robust and reliable; it also allows for a larger number of reserved symbols, facilitating their use for future applications.

[0021] In conjunction with the third or fourth aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols in one polarization direction. In this embodiment, the bit data corresponding to the pre-framing symbols comes from data obtained through coding interleaving, meaning the framing scheme adopted is compatible with existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ coding interleaving schemes, which is beneficial for hardware implementation.

[0022] Combining the third or fourth aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, W=2. Two data frames can be carried on two subcarriers, supporting data transmission rates of 800G, 1.6T, and even future higher rates such as 3.2T.

[0023] In conjunction with the third or fourth aspect and the above possible implementations, in one possible implementation, the W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams, and each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames.

[0024] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip for performing the methods described in any of the first or second aspects.

[0025] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide an optical module, which includes a processor and an interface. The interface is used to transmit and receive signals, and the processor is used to execute the methods described in either the first or second aspect. For example, the interface is used to transmit signals from the processor or to transmit received signals to the processor.

[0026] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a network device. The transmitting device includes a host-side device and an optical module as described in the sixth aspect. For example, the optical module is used to convert electrical signals from the host-side device into optical signals and transmit the optical signals. As another example, the optical module is used to convert received optical signals into electrical signals and transmit the electrical signals to the host-side device.

[0027] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system that includes multiple network devices as described in the seventh aspect, and the multiple network devices are interconnected.

[0028] Ninthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the method described in any of the embodiments of the first or second aspect to be implemented.

[0029] In a tenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product including program instructions that, when executed, implement the method described in any of the embodiments of the first or second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applied in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the DSP processor in this application;

[0032] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the DSP processor in this application;

[0033] Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the DSP processor in this application;

[0034] Figure 2(d) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the DSP processor in this application.

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a superframe structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a subframe structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a constellation diagram in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the superframe in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the subframe in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the data transmission device in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an optical module in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a communication device in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, and system, and presents a framing scheme for multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission. This scheme is beneficial for improving the quality of the recovered signal at the receiving end, and is well compatible with existing framing schemes for 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, which facilitates hardware implementation and can be well applied to various coherent transmission scenarios in the future.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in this application specification, claims, and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, not to limit a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the above terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments described in this application can be implemented in a sequence other than that described in this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applied in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, at the transmitting end, the source provides a data stream to be transmitted. A forward error correction (FEC) encoder receives the data stream and performs FEC encoding on it. The codeword information obtained by combining the parity bits and information bits is sent to the transmitting end digital signal processing (DSP) processor for dual polarization symbol mapping and framing, and then transmitted through the channel to the receiving end. After receiving the distorted signal caused by noise or other impairments in the channel, the receiving end sends it to the receiving end DSP processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery, and other operations. Then, it is decoded by the FEC decoder to recover the original data and send it to the destination. The above-mentioned framing can also be called DSP framing.

[0048] It should be noted that the encoded data is typically distributed to multiple data streams for framing, carried on W subcarriers, and multiplexed to obtain a single signal for transmission. In this case, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. This digital subcarrier (also known as multicarrier) implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation and the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), resulting in lower DSP power consumption. Typically, W is an even number, taking values ​​such as 2, 4, 8, or 16.

[0049] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing in this application. As shown in Figure 2(a), in one possible embodiment, the transmitting DSP processor performs dual-polarization symbol mapping on the received data sequence. Typically, the received data sequence is information and a check sequence obtained through FEC encoding. Dual-polarization symbol mapping includes symbol mapping and polarization distribution. The symbol mapping method is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Typically, QAM modulation (also known as symbol mapping) involves symbol mapping multiple input bits to obtain multiple QAM symbols, and polarization distribution of the multiple QAM symbols to obtain multiple dual-polarization (DP) symbols, i.e., DP-QAM symbols, such as DP-4QAM (also known as dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying, DP-QPSK), DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, and DP-64QAM, etc. It should be understood that the symbol mapping typically employs Gray mapping, mapping multiple bits to one QAM symbol. This symbol mapping is also simply referred to as Gray mapping. For ease of explanation, the two polarization directions will be uniformly denoted as the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction, respectively, where the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. It should be understood that the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction are not two specified polarization directions, but rather any two mutually orthogonal polarization directions. Furthermore, the transmitting DSP processor performs the following framing processing on a certain number of dual-polarization symbols: specifically, it obtains a pre-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence containing multiple dual-polarization symbols; inserts a frame alignment word sequence (FAW sequence) and a training symbol sequence into the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction, respectively; and retains at least one symbol sequence from the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence, resulting in a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The inserted symbol sequence can also be called a preset symbol sequence.

[0050] In this embodiment, the pre-framing dual-polarization symbol is also called the payload symbol, which includes FEC-encoded information and parity bits, and the resulting symbol (called the information symbol and parity symbol) is obtained through symbol mapping. The post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence is called a data frame, or a frame or DSP frame. For ease of introduction, this embodiment of the application uniformly refers to the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence as a data frame. Frame synchronization symbols are used for frame synchronization alignment, training symbols are used for link training, pilot symbols are used for carrier phase recovery, and reserved symbols are used for future use and innovation. The values ​​of reserved symbols can be partially known and unchanging, or they can be randomized; the values ​​of reserved symbols can also be called a pattern.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, the DSP frame comprises multiple subframes, and the DSP frame is called a super-frame. The frame synchronization symbol can also be called a super-frame alignment signal. In other specific embodiments, the DSP frame can also be called a multi-frame, the reserved symbol can also be called fixed stuff (FS), and the frame synchronization symbol can also be called a multi-frame alignment signal (MFAS).

[0052] It should be understood that in a DSP frame (also known as a superframe or multiframe), the symbols remaining after removing the payload symbols (also known as pre-frame symbols), training symbols, pilot symbols, and frame synchronization symbols are called the reserved symbols.

[0053] It should be understood that a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one located in the X-polarization direction and the other in the Y-polarization direction. Each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, a symbol obtained using 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers: ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, and ±3±3j, where ± indicates a positive or negative value, such as ±3 representing 3 or -3. As another example, a symbol obtained using QPSK modulation can be represented by any one of the following four complex numbers: ±1±1j. In some specific applications, the real and imaginary parts are normalized, but the essence remains unchanged.

[0054] In some specific applications, each training symbol and each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, where A is a real number and j represents the imaginary unit. Here, Aj can also be written as A×j. In some scenarios, the imaginary unit may also be represented by other symbols such as i, which is not limited here. In the embodiments of this application, the imaginary unit is uniformly represented by j. Typically, for the above-mentioned 16QAM symbol mapping, A = 3 or -3 is selected to make the sensitivity of the training symbol or pilot symbol better. For the QPSK symbol mapping, the four constellation points (also called symbols) on the constellation diagram take the value {±1±1j}, and A = 1 or -1 is selected.

[0055] In some other specific applications, each training symbol and each pilot symbol takes one of eight complex numbers: -A1 - A1j, -A1 + A1j, A1 - A1j, A1 + A1j, -A2 - A2j, -A2 + A2j, A2 - A2j, A2 + A2j, where A1 and A2 are real numbers not equal to 0, and the absolute value of A1 is less than the absolute value of A2, that is, ∣A1∣ < ∣A2∣, and j represents the imaginary unit. The complex numbers -A1 - A1j, -A1 + A1j, A1 - A1j, A1 + A1j, -A2 - A2j, -A2 + A2j, A2 - A2j, A2 + A2j are the constellation points corresponding to the symbol mapping adopted. It should be noted that -A1 - A1j, -A1 + A1j, A1 - A1j, A1 + A1j can be expressed as (-1 - 1j)×A1, (-1 + 1j)×A1, (1 - 1j)×A1, (1 + 1j)×A1, and -A2 - A2j, -A2 + A2j, A2 - A2j, A2 + A2j can be expressed as (-1 - 1j)×A2, (-1 + 1j)×A2, (1 - 1j)×A2, (1 + 1j)×A2. Considering A1 < A2, it should be understood that the 4 constellation points corresponding to -A1 - A1j, -A1 + A1j, A1 - A1j, A1 + A1j are the points in the inner circle of the constellation diagram, and the 4 constellation points corresponding to -A2 - A2j, -A2 + A2j, A2 - A2j, A2 + A2j are the points in the outer circle of the constellation diagram. For example, taking the 16QAM symbol mapping as an example, there is A2 = 3×A1. The 16 constellation points (also called symbols) on the 16QAM constellation diagram adopted take values {±1 ± 1j, ±1 ± 3j, ±3 ± 1j, ±3 ± 3j}, with A1 = 1 and A2 = 3. At this time, the 4 outermost constellation points on the constellation diagram are the symbols -3 - 3j, -3 + 3j, 3 - 3j, 3 + 3j; the 4 innermost constellation points on the constellation diagram are the symbols -1 - 1j, -1 + 1j, 1 - 1j, 1 + 1j. It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram. Correspondingly, the values of A1 and A2 will also be compressed accordingly. For example, power normalization is performed on the 16 symbols with the same probability on the 16QAM constellation diagram. At this time, the values of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram become have and When using the Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (PCS) processing technology, while keeping the positions of the constellation points unchanged, the probabilities of the constellation point symbols appearing are changed to make them non-uniformly distributed, thereby improving the system transmission performance. At this time, the specific values of A1 and A2 are calculated according to the symbol probability distribution of the constellation, which will not be specifically introduced here.

[0056] It should be noted that the inserted symbol sequences are not exactly the same in the X-polarization and Y-polarization directions. That is, at at least one position, the values ​​of the symbols inserted in the X-polarization and Y-polarization directions are different. This avoids the problem of the receiver being unable to distinguish between the two polarization directions during actual transmission. For example, if the sequence of 8 training symbols in the X-polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, then the sequence of 8 training symbols in the Y-polarization direction cannot be exactly the same; it can be -A+Aj, -A-Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj.

[0057] It should be noted that a sequence with N0 dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length N0, one representing the symbol in the X-polarization direction and the other representing the symbol in the Y-polarization direction. Each complex sequence of length N0 is represented by a sequence of N0 real parts (also called the I-path sequence) and a sequence of N0 imaginary parts (also called the Q-path sequence), where N0 is an integer greater than 1. Therefore, there are four different types of sequences, including the X-polarization I-path (in-phase component) sequence, the X-polarization Q-path (quadrature-phase component) sequence, the Y-polarization I-path sequence, and the Y-polarization Q-path sequence. The X-polarization I-path sequence is also called the X... I The component, the Q-path sequence in the X polarization direction, is also called X. Q The component, the Y-polarization direction I-path sequence, is also called the Y component. I The component, the Q-path sequence in the Y-polarization direction, is also called the Y-axis. Q Quantity.

[0058] It should be noted that after dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing operations, a dual-polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted is obtained. This stream can be represented by two symbol data streams: the first is the symbol data stream in the X-polarization direction, and the second is the symbol data stream in the Y-polarization direction. Alternatively, a dual-polarization symbol data stream can also be represented by four data streams, where the first is the data stream corresponding to the I-path component in the X-polarization direction (referred to as X...). I The second data stream is the data stream of the Q-path component in the X-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as X). Q The third data stream is the data stream of the I-path component in the Y-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as Y). I The fourth data stream is the data stream of the Q-path component in the Y-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as Y).Q (Data flow).

[0059] It should be understood that in the dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing operation shown in Figure 2(a), framing (also known as DSP framing) is performed after dual-polarization symbol mapping, that is, framing is performed on the symbol level. Below are schematic diagrams of several other possible implementations of the originating DSP processor, where framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping, that is, framing is performed on the bit level.

[0060] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the transmitting DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(b), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, a pre-framing bit sequence containing multiple bits is obtained, a preset bit sequence is inserted, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The preset bit sequence is then processed by dual-polarization symbol mapping to obtain a preset symbol sequence, which is also referred to as the bits corresponding to the preset symbol sequence. It should be understood that the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(b) is the same as the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(a).

[0061] Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the transmitting DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(c), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, two pre-framing bit sequences containing multiple bits are obtained respectively. A first preset bit sequence and a second preset bit sequence are inserted into the first and second pre-framing bit sequences respectively, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The first preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain a preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction, and the second preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain a preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. The first preset bit sequence is also called the bit corresponding to the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction, and the second preset bit sequence is also called the bit corresponding to the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. It should be understood that the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by the pre-framing bit sequence using the embodiment shown in Figure 2(c) is the same as the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by the embodiment shown in Figure 2(a).

[0062] Figure 2(d) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the originating DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(d), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, four pre-framing bit sequences containing multiple bits are obtained respectively. A first preset bit sequence, a second preset bit sequence, a third preset bit sequence, and a fourth preset bit sequence are inserted into the first, second, third, and fourth pre-framing bit sequences, respectively, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The first preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the I-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction; the second preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the Q-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction; the third preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the I-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction; and the fourth preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the Q-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. The first preset bit sequence is also called the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction. I The bits corresponding to the components, the second preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence in X Q The bits corresponding to the components, the third preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence, are in Y. I The bits corresponding to the components, the fourth preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence, are in Y. Q The bits corresponding to the components. It should be understood that the framed dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(d) before framing is the same as the framed dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(a).

[0063] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific framing method adopted by the sending DSP processor. In addition to the framing methods described in Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 2(d), other similar framing methods are also applicable to this scheme, and will not be described in detail here.

[0064] In some specific applications, the subframe arranged first in the data frame is a first-type subframe. This first-type subframe includes pre-framing symbols (also called payload symbols), training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and reserved symbols. Typically, in this first-type subframe, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols, and the reserved symbols precede the pre-framing symbols. The data frame includes at least one second-type subframe. This second-type subframe includes pre-framing symbols, training symbols, and pilot symbols. Typically, in this second-type subframe, the training symbols precede the pre-framing symbols. It should be understood that the positions of the first-type and second-type subframes can also be changed; for example, the first-type subframe can be in the middle of the data or at the last position. This application does not limit this.

[0065] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the data transmission method includes the following steps:

[0066] 101. Send W data frames, where W is an integer greater than 1.

[0067] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific implementation of generating a single data frame. For example, the dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing method described in Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), or 2(d) can be used. Of course, other similar dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing methods are also applicable to this scheme, and will not be described in detail here. It should be understood that a data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions. The structure of the data frame is similar in both polarization directions. For example, a data frame includes a symbol sequence in the X polarization direction and a symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction. The structure of a single data frame will be described below using one polarization direction as an example.

[0068] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a superframe structure according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the superframe includes N SF There are N subframes, each subframe comprising N S If there are N symbols, then the superframe includes N F A symbol, N F =N SF ×N S N S and N SF All are integers greater than 1. Subframes within a superframe are divided into two categories, referred to here as Category I subframes and Category II subframes. These two categories of subframes will be described separately below.

[0069] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a subframe structure in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5(a) shows the structure of a first type of subframe, which includes training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, reserved symbols, and payload symbols. Typically, the first type of subframe is the first subframe in the superframe, but it can also be located in other positions within the superframe, such as the last subframe. Subframes in the superframe other than the first type are the second type of subframes, as shown in Figure 5(b). The second type of subframe differs from the first type in that it includes training symbols, pilot symbols, and payload symbols, but does not include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols.

[0070] For both Type I and Type II subframes, each subframe includes training symbols and pilot symbols. Training symbols are used for link training and / or subframe synchronization, while pilot symbols are used for carrier phase recovery. The number of training symbols in a subframe is denoted as N in one polarization direction. TS Let N be the number of pilot symbols in the subframe.PS N TS and N PS All are integers greater than 1. It should be noted that one symbol in the subframe serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol, as indicated by the dashed box in Figure 5. N TS The training symbols include the symbols indicated by the dashed box, N. PS Each pilot symbol also includes the symbol indicated by the dashed box. In some specific applications, N TS +N PS Greater than or equal to 5, and N TS +N PS It is an odd number. Typically, N is... TS N consecutive training symbols are arranged starting from the beginning of the subframe. TS In a series of consecutive training symbols, the symbol at the beginning position is both a training symbol and a pilot symbol. That is, the first symbol of a subframe is the first symbol of both the training symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence. In other words, the first symbol of the training symbol sequence is also the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence, and they have the same value. Of course, the symbol indicated by the dashed box in Figure 5 could also be N. TS This application does not limit the selection to any one of the training symbols.

[0071] For each subframe in a superframe, every N consecutive N... PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. Typically, N PG = 32 or 64 or 128. As shown in Figure 5, N PG The value is 64. It should be understood that, due to each consecutive N... PG The position of the pilot symbols in a given set of symbols is fixed, meaning that there is an equal interval between two consecutive pilot symbols in a subframe. Typically, pilot symbols are located within every N consecutive N symbols. PG The starting position of each symbol, of course, the pilot symbol is located in every consecutive N PG Any position within the symbols, without any restrictions here.

[0072] It should be noted that frame synchronization symbols are used for synchronization between superframes. These symbols can be used together with training symbols for synchronization between superframes, or they can be used together with pilot symbols to achieve synchronization. It should be understood that frame synchronization symbols are arranged consecutively, and can be adjacent to training symbols, as shown in Figure 5. Furthermore, there can be one or more symbol intervals between frame synchronization symbols and training symbols. After multiple frame synchronization symbols, there are usually multiple reserved symbols, which can be reserved for future uses. Reserved symbols should be randomized and do not necessarily have to be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. Of course, in some applications, reserved symbols can also be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. Some reserved symbols can also be fixed for other purposes, such as optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) measurement, end-to-end (E2E) delay measurement, etc. Reserved symbols can also be located in one of multiple second-type subframes, which is not limited in this application. The remaining symbols are pre-frame symbols (i.e., payload symbols) containing information and verification. Pilot symbols and reserved symbols do not overlap, nor do pilot symbols and pre-frame symbols overlap. In other words, there is no symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a pre-framing symbol, nor is there a symbol that is both a pilot symbol and a reserved symbol.

[0073] In some specific applications, 16QAM symbol mapping is used, and the 16 constellation points (also called symbols) on the corresponding 16QAM constellation diagram take values ​​of {±1±1j,±1±3j,±3±1j,±3±3j}. As shown in the example of Figure 6(a), hollow circles are used to represent the four outermost constellation points in the constellation diagram, namely the symbols -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j, and 3+3j, and vertical circle is used to represent the four innermost constellation points in the constellation diagram, namely the symbols -1-1j, -1+1j, 1-1j, and 1+1j. Example 6(b) illustrates a specific symbol mapping method for 16QAM. A 16QAM symbol in the X-polarization direction or the Y-polarization direction is obtained by mapping 4 bits. For example, 0000 is mapped to -3-3j, 0101 is mapped to -1-1j, 0010 is mapped to -3+3j, 0111 is mapped to -1+1j, 1010 is mapped to 3+3j, 1111 is mapped to 1+1j, 1000 is mapped to 3-3j, and 1101 is mapped to 1-1j.

[0074] It should be noted that the W data frames are distributed across W dual-polarization symbol data streams, with each dual-polarization symbol data stream containing one of the W data frames. Each dual-polarization symbol stream is carried on one subcarrier, and the W subcarriers typically employ different wavelengths / frequencies. It can be considered that the W data frames are each carried on one of the W subcarriers, with each subcarrier carrying one of the W data frames. The W subcarriers are multiplexed to obtain a single signal for transmission. This subcarrier multiplexing can also be called Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing (DSCM). In some specific scenarios, a subcarrier is also simply called a carrier; considering that each subcarrier uses a different frequency, the subcarrier multiplexing is also called Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), and the transmission scheme is also called a DSCM scheme or an FDM scheme.

[0075] 102. The receiving end performs signal processing on the received W data frames.

[0076] It should be understood that the receiving end demultiplexes the received signal to obtain W received sub-signals, each corresponding to one of W subcarriers. Each of the W subcarriers contains multiple received data frames. The data frames received by the receiving end are those transmitted through the channel, which can be understood as distorted signals affected by noise or other impairments in the channel. That is, the data frames received by the receiving end are different from those sent by the transmitting end; for example, the data frames received by the receiving end and those sent by the transmitting end are not aligned. Moreover, one data frame corresponding to one subcarrier among the W subcarriers is not aligned with another data frame corresponding to another subcarrier. The receiving end needs to perform frame synchronization based on frame synchronization symbols or training symbols and perform deskew processing on the data between subcarriers to obtain the corresponding W transmitted data frames. The specific operations after the receiving end receives the data frames will not be described in detail in this application. For details, please refer to the system structure diagram shown in Figure 1. For example, the receiving end DSP processor performs signal processing on the received data frames, including dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery.

[0077] The following describes some specific examples of data frames (also known as superframes, multiframes, or DSP frames) provided based on embodiments of this application.

[0078] Firstly, consider W=2. In this case, in one polarization direction, consider the payload symbols (pre-framing symbols) in each data frame as N. CW=172032 / 2 = 86016 symbols. In some specific applications, the 86016 payload symbols are obtained through 16QAM modulation, i.e., 16QAM symbols. In some specific applications, the 86016 payload symbols are obtained through QPSK modulation, i.e., QPSK symbols. Consider W = 2 data frames, where one data frame comes from one subcarrier and the other data frame comes from another subcarrier. The two data frames contain a total of 172032 payload symbols, which is equal to the number of payload symbols in existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ schemes. It should be understood that the bit data corresponding to the payload symbols comes from data obtained through coding interleaving, that is, the framing scheme adopted is compatible with existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ coding interleaving schemes, which is beneficial for hardware implementation.

[0079] Each of the two data frames contains N. SF = 12 subframes, and the total number of symbols N in one polarization direction F =87552. The number of pilot symbols N in each subframe along one polarization direction. PS =114, per N PG =The first symbol in the 64 symbols is the pilot symbol, and the number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S = 7296 symbols. Table 1 gives some parameter combinations of the data frames (both data frames satisfy the conditions given in Table 1), including the number N of frame synchronization symbols in a data frame in one polarization direction. FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES Here, in a data frame, the symbols remaining after removing the payload symbols, training symbols, pilot symbols, and frame synchronization symbols are called reserved symbols.

[0080] Table 1

[0081] It should be understood that Table 1 above provides a variety of possible data frame schemes, where the number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW All numbers are even, effectively ensuring that the frame synchronization symbols can satisfy DC balance. Moreover, the relatively long number of frame synchronization symbols allows the receiving end to identify the position of the frame synchronization symbols more effectively and accurately during synchronization processing, making the transmission system more robust and reliable.

[0082] It should be noted that the number of symbols in this application can be understood as the number of dual-polarization symbols or the number of symbols in one polarization direction; moreover, the number of different symbols in both polarization directions is the same. For example, if there are 11 training symbols in one polarization direction, there are also 11 training symbols in the other polarization direction, resulting in 11 dual-polarization training symbols overall. Furthermore, the serial numbers in Table 1 are only used to distinguish different parameter combinations and do not constitute any other limitation. The following tables can be interpreted in the same way based on the above explanation, and this application will not repeat them further.

[0083] It should be understood that for a data frame using the parameter combinations in Table 1, the number of pilot symbols N PS =114, pilot spacing N PG =64, Number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S = All 7296 symbols are equal to the parameters in the existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, which is compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes of 800ZR and 800ZR+ and facilitates hardware implementation.

[0084] More specifically, in some specific applications, the N TS =The 11 training symbols use the symbol sequences described in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2

[0086] In some specific applications, the N PS =The 114 pilot symbols are determined based on the generator polynomial and its corresponding seed. The generator polynomial is x 10 +x 7 +x 3 +x+1, corresponding to hexadecimal seeds 0x34E and 0x084 in the two polarization directions. The N... PS The specific values ​​of the 114 pilot symbols are shown in Table 3.

[0087] Table 3

[0088] In some specific applications, consider N FAW =22, there are N RES =26. The N mentioned FAW =The sequence of 22 frame synchronization symbols adopts the symbol sequence described in Table 4.

[0089] Table 4

[0090] It should be understood that when the data frame uses the parameter combination of serial number 7 in Table 1, the number of pilot symbols N PS =114, pilot spacing N PG =64, Number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S = 7296 symbols, number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22 are all equal to the parameters in the existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, which is more compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes of 800ZR and 800ZR+ and is more conducive to hardware implementation.

[0091] Secondly, consider W=2. Based on the first aspect, consider N. PG =128. At this point, in one polarization direction, consider the payload symbols (pre-framing symbols) in each data frame as N. CW =172032 / 2 = 86016 symbols. In some specific applications, the 86016 payload symbols are obtained through 16QAM modulation, i.e., 16QAM symbols. In some specific applications, the 86016 payload symbols are obtained through QPSK modulation, i.e., QPSK symbols. Consider W = 2 data frames, where one data frame comes from one subcarrier and the other data frame comes from another subcarrier. The two data frames contain a total of 172032 payload symbols, which is equal to the number of payload symbols in existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ schemes. It should be understood that the bit data corresponding to the payload symbols comes from data obtained through coding interleaving, that is, the framing scheme adopted is compatible with existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ coding interleaving schemes, which is beneficial for hardware implementation.

[0092] Each of the two data frames contains N. SF The number of subframes and the total number of symbols N in one polarization direction. F =86784. Each subframe has N pilot symbols in one polarization direction. PS , per N PG =The first symbol in the 128 symbols is the pilot symbol, and the number of training symbols is N. TS Each subframe contains a total of N S The table lists some parameter combinations for the data frames (both data frames satisfying the conditions in Table 5), including the number N of frame synchronization symbols in a data frame in one polarization direction. FAW and the number of reserved symbols N RES Here, in a data frame, the symbols remaining after removing the payload symbols, training symbols, pilot symbols, and frame synchronization symbols are called reserved symbols.

[0093] Table 5

[0094] It should be understood that there are many data frame schemes that meet the transmission performance of 1.6Tbps or 3.2Tbps. Table 5 above shows several possible data frame schemes, which reduce DSP framing redundancy and minimize the number of frame synchronization symbols N. FAW All numbers are even, effectively ensuring that the frame synchronization symbols can satisfy DC balance. Moreover, the relatively long number of frame synchronization symbols allows the receiving end to identify the position of the frame synchronization symbols more effectively and accurately during synchronization processing, making the transmission system more robust and reliable.

[0095] Example 1:

[0096] As shown in Figure 7, consider W = 2 subcarriers. Each subcarrier contains multiple data frames (superframes or multiframes), and each data frame uses the same frame format, i.e., the same parameter combination. This embodiment takes the parameter combination of number 7 in Table 1 as an example. The specific structure of subframe 0 in the data frame is shown in Figure 8(a), and the specific structures of subframes 1-11 are shown in Figure 8(b). As shown in Figure 8, the total number of symbols N in the data frame is... F =87552, the number of symbols N before framing. CW =86016, Number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22, retain the number of signs N RES =26, number of subframes N SF =12; each subframe contains a total of N S = 7296 symbols, number of pilot symbols N PS =114, pilot spacing N PG =64, Number of training symbols N TS =11.

[0097] The N TS = 11 training symbols are used, employing the symbol sequences described in Table 2. The N... PS =The 114 pilot symbols are determined based on the generator polynomial and its corresponding seed. The generator polynomial is x 10 +x 7 +x 3 +x+1, corresponding to hexadecimal seeds 0x34E and 0x084 in the two polarization directions. The N... PS The specific values ​​of the 114 pilot symbols are shown in Table 3. The N... FAW =The sequence of 22 frame synchronization symbols adopts the symbol sequence described in Table 4.

[0098] It should be understood that the number of pilot symbols N PS =114, pilot spacing NPG =64, Number of training symbols N TS =11, each subframe contains a total of N S = 7296 symbols, number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22 are all equal to the parameters in the existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, which is more compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes of 800ZR and 800ZR+, and is more conducive to hardware implementation. Moreover, the N TS =The specific symbol sequence of the 11 training symbols is the same as the existing training symbol sequences of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, where N PS =The specific symbol sequence of the 114 pilot symbols is the same as the existing pilot symbol sequences of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, and the N FAW The specific symbol sequence of the 22 frame synchronization symbols is the same as that of the existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ frame synchronization symbol sequences, which is more compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ and is more conducive to hardware implementation. The solution provided in this implementation can be applied to future scenarios that use multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, such as 800Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, 1.6Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, and even higher speed transmission scenarios such as 2.4T / 3.2T.

[0099] Example 2:

[0100] Consider W = 2 subcarriers. Each subcarrier contains multiple data frames (superframes or multiframes), and each data frame uses the same frame format, i.e., the same parameter combination. This embodiment uses the parameter combination of number 7 in Table 5. The total number of symbols N in the data frame is... F =86784, N is the number of symbols before framing. CW =86016, Number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22, retain the number of signs N RES =8, number of subframes N SF =6; each subframe contains a total of N S = 14464 symbols, number of pilot symbols N PS =113, pilot spacing N PG =128, Number of training symbols N TS =11. The N TS = 11 training symbols are used, employing the symbol sequences described in Table 2. The N... PS =114 pilot symbols are determined based on the generator polynomial and the corresponding seed. The N... FAW=The sequence of 22 frame synchronization symbols adopts the symbol sequence described in Table 4.

[0101] It should be understood that the number of training symbols N TS =11, Number of frame synchronization symbols N FAW =22 are all equal to the parameters in the existing 800ZR / 800ZR+ framing, and the N TS =The specific symbol sequence of the 11 training symbols is the same as the existing training symbol sequences of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+, where N FAW =The specific symbol sequence of the 22 frame synchronization symbols is the same as that of the existing 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ frame synchronization symbol sequences, which is more compatible with the existing DSP framing schemes of 400ZR+, 800ZR, and 800ZR+ and is more conducive to hardware implementation.

[0102] The solution provided in this implementation can be applied to future scenarios that use multi-wavelength or multi-subcarrier transmission, such as 800Gbps multi-subcarrier transmission using QPSK modulation, 1.2Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, 1.6Tbps multi-subcarrier transmission using 16QAM modulation, and even higher speed transmission scenarios such as 2.4T / 3.2T.

[0103] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application. This data transmission device is applied at the transmitting end. As shown in Figure 9, the data transmission device includes: a transmitting unit 202, used to transmit W data frames as described in the above embodiments, wherein the data frames satisfy the conditions described in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here. The transmission device may further include a processing unit 201, used to perform processing actions to obtain the W data frames.

[0104] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the data transmission device in an embodiment of this application. This data transmission device is applied at the receiving end. As shown in Figure 10, the data transmission device includes a receiving unit 302, which is used to receive W data frames sent from the receiver. Optionally, the data transmission device further includes a processing unit 301, which is used to perform receiving-end signal processing on the W data frames, recover the original data frames sent from the receiver, and obtain the bit information corresponding to the payload symbols in the data frames, sending it to a decoder for decoding.

[0105] It should be understood that the data transmission devices provided in Figures 9 and 10 can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above devices is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or they can be independent physical units, or two or more functional units can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0106] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an optical module structure according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11, the optical module includes a processor 401 and an interface 402. The interface 402 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and is used to receive signals from other devices and transmit them to the processor 401 or to send signals from the processor 401 to other devices. Optionally, the optical module may also include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0107] In one possible scenario, the optical module is used at the transmitting end, and the processor 401 is used to perform the operation of step 101 in the above embodiments. For example, the processor 401 includes the processing unit 201 shown in FIG9. As an example, the processor 401 is used to generate W data frames as described in the above embodiments and send the data frames through interface 402. In this example, interface 402 can specifically refer to an electrical interface. As another example, the processor 401 is used to generate W data frames as described in the above embodiments. The modulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as electro-optic conversion according to the data frames to obtain optical signals, and then sends the optical signals through interface 402. In this example, interface 402 can specifically refer to an optical interface.

[0108] In another possible scenario, the optical module is used at the receiving end, and the processor 401 is used to perform receiving signal processing operations on the received data frames. For example, the processor 401 includes the processing unit 301 shown in FIG. 10. As an example, the interface receives optical signals transmitted through the channel, the demodulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as photoelectric conversion on the optical signals to obtain data frames, and the processor 401 performs receiving signal processing on the received data frames. In this example, the interface 402 can specifically refer to an optical interface. As another example, the demodulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as photoelectric conversion on the received optical signals to obtain data frames, and transmits the data frames to the processor 401 through the interface 402. The processor 401 performs receiving signal processing on the received data frames. In this example, the interface 402 can specifically refer to an electrical interface.

[0109] Typically, an optical module consists of optoelectronic devices, a processor, and an interface. The optoelectronic devices include transmitting and receiving devices. The transmitting end of the optical module converts electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them through optical fibers. The receiving end of the optical module receives the optical signals and converts them back into electrical signals.

[0110] It should be noted that the types of optical modules in this application embodiment include, but are not limited to, normal optical modules, near package optics (NPO) modules, and co-packaged optics (CPO) modules. Normal optical modules can perform functions including, but not limited to, digital signal processing (DSP) and clock data recovery (CDR). For example, a normal optical module converts analog signals to digital signals, performs DSP on the digital signals, and then converts them back to analog signals before sending them to the host device. Because DSP requires retiming, a normal optical module can also be called a retimed module. Normal optical modules are connected to the host device via an attachment unit interface (AUI). NPO and CPO modules do not have pluggable physical packaging and are closer to the host device. NPO and CPO modules can also be called optical engines. NPO or CPO technology is a technology that "packages" the host device (or host chip) and the optical engine. When NPO (Non-Protected Device) technology is used to encapsulate the host-side device and the optical engine, the optical engine can be called an NPO module. When CPO (Content-Protected Device) technology is used to encapsulate the host-side device and the optical engine, the optical engine can be called a CPO module.

[0111] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the communication device includes a host-side device 501 and an optical module 502. The host-side device 501 is used to send data to the optical module 502, and the optical module 502 generates an optical signal based on the data sent by the host-side device 501 and transmits the optical signal through the channel. For example, the host-side device may specifically be a router, switch, server, or optical transport network (OTN) device, etc. This communication device can be a communication device including a host-side device 501 and an optical module 502.

[0112] OTN equipment includes line-side equipment and client-side equipment. In some scenarios, client-side equipment may also be referred to as tributary-side equipment. Both client-side and line-side equipment can include a processor and an interface. The processor is used to execute the data processing methods described in the above embodiments. The interface can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, used to receive signals from other devices outside the line-side equipment and transmit them to the processor, or to send signals from the processor to other devices outside the line-side equipment.

[0113] This application also provides a chip. The chip integrates circuitry for implementing the functions of the processor 401 described above, and one or more interfaces. As an example, the chip integrates a memory. As another example, when the chip does not integrate a memory, it can be connected to an external memory via the interface. The chip can perform the method steps of any one or more of the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the chip can implement the actions performed by the processing and transmission device in the foregoing embodiments based on program code stored in the memory.

[0114] As an example, the chip in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0115] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium including a program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the method performed as described in the above method embodiments to be implemented.

[0116] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in memory. The memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor, or the memory can be integrated with the processor.

[0117] As an example, the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0118] In embodiments of this application, the memory may be random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC may reside in a network device or a terminal device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may exist as discrete components in the network device or terminal device.

[0119] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented entirely or partially by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.

[0120] When implemented in hardware, the data transmission method provided in this application embodiment may be implemented without reading software code or instructions. For example, it may be implemented by CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0121] When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions of the embodiments of this application are performed. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a terminal device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access, or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD); or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state disk (SSD).

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, include: W data frames are sent, wherein in one polarization direction, any data frame contains 87552 symbols, each data frame contains 12 subframes, and each subframe contains 7296 symbols, where W is an even number.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe PS The number of training symbols N TS The number N of frame synchronization symbols included in each data frame FAW Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, and each data frame includes 22 frame synchronization symbols.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number of remaining symbols in the data frame, excluding the pre-framing symbols, the pilot symbols, the training symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols, is 26.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams. Each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames. Each dual-polarization symbol stream is carried on one subcarrier, and each subcarrier carries one of the W dual-polarization symbol streams.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The W data frames are carried on W subcarriers, and each subcarrier carries one of the W data frames.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Sending W data frames specifically includes: Multiplexing W subcarriers yields one output signal. Send the output signal.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The W subcarriers have different wavelengths or different frequencies.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, W＝2。 11. A data transmission method, characterized in that, include: W data frames are received, wherein in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, and each subframe includes 7296 symbols, where W is an even number.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe PS The number of training symbols N TS The number N of frame synchronization symbols included in each data frame FAW Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, and each data frame includes 22 frame synchronization symbols.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number of remaining symbols in the data frame, excluding the pre-framing symbols, the pilot symbols, the training symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols, is 26.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols.

16. The method according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that, The W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams. Each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames. Each dual-polarization symbol stream is carried on one subcarrier, and each subcarrier carries one of the W dual-polarization symbol streams.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that, The W data frames are carried on W subcarriers, and each subcarrier carries one of the W data frames.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The receiving of W data frames specifically includes: Receive a first signal, wherein the first signal is obtained by multiplexing W subcarriers.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16-18, characterized in that, The W subcarriers have different wavelengths or different frequencies.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11-19, characterized in that, W＝2。 21. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Includes a sending unit; The transmitting unit is used to: transmit W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, each subframe includes 7296 symbols, and W is an even number.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe PS The number of training symbols N TS The number N of frame synchronization symbols included in each data frame FAW Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

23. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, and each data frame includes 22 frame synchronization symbols.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number of remaining symbols in the data frame, excluding the pre-framing symbols, the pilot symbols, the training symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols, is 26.

25. The apparatus according to any one of claims 21-24, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols.

26. The apparatus according to any one of claims 21-25, characterized in that, The W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams. Each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames. Each dual-polarization symbol stream is carried on one subcarrier, and each subcarrier carries one of the W dual-polarization symbol streams.

27. The apparatus according to any one of claims 21-25, characterized in that, The W data frames are carried on W subcarriers, and each subcarrier carries one of the W data frames.

28. The apparatus according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, The transmitting unit is specifically used for: Multiplexing W subcarriers yields one output signal. Send the output signal.

29. The apparatus according to any one of claims 26-28, characterized in that, The W subcarriers have different wavelengths or different frequencies.

30. The apparatus according to any one of claims 21-29, characterized in that, W＝2。 31. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Includes a receiving unit; The receiving unit is configured to: receive W data frames, wherein, in one polarization direction, any data frame includes 87552 symbols, each data frame includes 12 subframes, and each subframe includes 7296 symbols, wherein W is an even number.

32. The apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number N of pilot symbols included in each subframe PS The number of training symbols N TS The number N of frame synchronization symbols included in each data frame FAW Satisfy one of the conditions shown in the table below:

33. The apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, each subframe includes 114 pilot symbols, 11 training symbols, and each data frame includes 22 frame synchronization symbols.

34. The apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number of remaining symbols in the data frame, excluding the pre-framing symbols, the pilot symbols, the training symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols, is 26.

35. The apparatus according to any one of claims 31-34, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the data frame includes 86,016 pre-framing symbols.

36. The apparatus according to any one of claims 31-35, characterized in that, The W data frames are distributed in W dual-polarization symbol data streams. Each dual-polarization symbol data stream contains one of the W data frames. Each dual-polarization symbol stream is carried on one subcarrier, and each subcarrier carries one of the W dual-polarization symbol streams.

37. The apparatus according to any one of claims 31-35, characterized in that, The W data frames are carried on W subcarriers, and each subcarrier carries one of the W data frames.

38. The apparatus according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that, The receiving unit is specifically used for: Receive a first signal, wherein the first signal is obtained by multiplexing W subcarriers.

39. The apparatus according to any one of claims 36-38, characterized in that, The W subcarriers have different wavelengths or different frequencies.

40. The apparatus according to any one of claims 31-39, characterized in that, W＝2。 41. A chip, characterized in that, The chip is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

42. An optical module, characterized in that, The optical module includes a processor and an interface, the interface being used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor being used for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 20.

43. A network device, characterized in that, The network device includes a host-side device and an optical module as described in claim 42; the optical module is used to convert electrical signals from the host-side device into optical signals and transmit the optical signals, or the optical module is used to convert received optical signals into electrical signals and transmit the electrical signals to the host-side device.

44. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of network devices as described in claim 43, and the plurality of network devices are interconnected.

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