Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives information indicating a DL transmission configuration indication (TCI) state associated with a pathloss reference signal (PL-RS) of a UL TCI state; and a control unit that uses a quasi-co-location (QCL) source RS of a designated DL TCI state as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and applies a PL offset. With said aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately control UL transmission power.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, for example, to expand UL coverage, a high-density UL (Ultraviolet) configuration is being considered, which includes UL receiving points in addition to DL (Digital Download) transmission points, primarily for UL reception. Furthermore, heterogeneous networks (HetNet) using macro Base Stations (BS) and micro BSs are also being considered. If these are implemented, there is a possibility that PL RS (Phone Line Reception Signal) may not be transmitted from the UL receiving point / micro BS, which is the UL transmission destination.

[0006] Therefore, the use of path loss (PL) offset in calculating the transmission power of UL channels / signals is being considered.

[0007] However, there are cases where settings / instructions related to such PL offsets have not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, the UL transmit power may not be properly controlled, potentially suppressing improvements in communication throughput.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately control UL transmission power.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a receiving unit that receives information indicating the DL TCI state corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state; and a control unit that uses the instructed DL TCI state Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and applies a PL offset.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the UL transmission power can be appropriately controlled.

[0011] Figure 1A shows an example of a typical transmission / reception point arrangement. Figure 1B shows an example of a UL high-density arrangement. Figure 2 shows an example of DL / UL coverage for a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). Figure 3 shows an example of PL calculation in a UL high-density arrangement. Figure 4 shows an example of setting / updating the PL offset according to the 0th example. Figure 5 shows an example of power control (PC) parameters for the TCI state. Figure 6 shows an example of power control-related settings for the UL TCI state in the first embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of setting the TCI state in a variation of the first embodiment. Figure 8 shows the setting of the PL offset in the second embodiment. Figure 9 shows a first example of MAC CE for option 2-2. Figure 10 shows a second example of MAC CE for option 2-2. Figure 11 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 12 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 13 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 14 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 15 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (Unified / Common TCI Framework) The Unified TCI Framework allows multiple types of channels / RS (UL / DL) to be controlled by a common framework. Rather than defining TCI states or spatial relationships for each channel as in Rel. 15, the Unified TCI Framework may specify a common beam (common TCI state) and apply it to all UL and DL channels, or a common beam for UL may be applied to all UL channels, and a common beam for DL ​​may be applied to all DL channels.

[0013] One common beam for both DL and UL, or a common beam for DL ​​and a common beam for UL (two common beams in total) are being considered.

[0014] UE may assume the same TCI state (joint TCI state, joint TCI pool, joint common TCI pool, joint TCI state set) for UL and DL. Alternatively, UE may assume different TCI states for UL and DL respectively (separate TCI state, separate TCI pool, UL separate TCI pool and DL separate TCI pool, separate common TCI pool, UL common TCI pool and DL common TCI pool).

[0015] The default beams for UL and DL may be aligned by beam management based on MAC CE (MAC CE level beam instruction). Alternatively, the default TCI status of PDSCH may be updated to match the default UL beam (spatial relationship).

[0016] DCI-based beam management (DCI level beam indication) may indicate a common beam / unified TCI state from the same TCI pool (joint common TCI pool, joint TCI pool, set) for both UL and DL. X (>1) TCI states may be activated by MAC CE. UL / DL DCI may select one from the X active TCI states. The selected TCI state may be applied to both UL and DL channels / RS.

[0017] A TCI pool (set) may be a set of multiple TCI states configured by the RRC parameter, or it may be a set of multiple TCI states (active TCI states, active TCI pool, set) activated by MAC CE from among the multiple TCI states configured by the RRC parameter. Each TCI state may be a QCL type A / D RS. SSB, CSI-RS, or SRS may be set as the QCL type A / D RS.

[0018] The number of TCI states corresponding to each of the one or more TRPs may be defined. For example, the number of TCI states applied to the UL channel / RS (UL TCI states) N (≧1) and the number of TCI states applied to the DL channel / RS (DL TCI states) M (≧1) may be defined. At least one of N and M may be notified / set / instructed to the UE via upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0019] In this disclosure, when N = M = X (where X is any integer), it may mean that the UE is notified / set / instructed to have a common TCI state (joint TCI state) for X ULs and DLs (corresponding to X TRPs). Also, when N = X (where X is any integer) and M = Y (where Y is any integer, Y may also be X), it may mean that the UE is notified / set / instructed to have X UL TCI states (corresponding to X TRPs) and Y DL TCI states (i.e., separate TCI states) (corresponding to Y TRPs), respectively.

[0020] For example, if N=M=1 is specified, it may mean that the UE is notified / set / instructed to have a common TCI state for a single TRP and a single UL and DL (joint TCI state for a single TRP).

[0021] Furthermore, if, for example, N=1 and M=1 are specified, it may mean that the UE is separately notified / configured / instructed to have one UL TCI state and one DL TCI state for a single TRP (separate TCI states for a single TRP).

[0022] Furthermore, for example, if N=M=2 is written, it may mean that the UE is notified / set / instructed to have a common TCI state for multiple (two) TRPs and multiple (two) ULs and DLs (a joint TCI state for multiple TRPs).

[0023] Furthermore, if, for example, N=2 and M=2 are specified, it may mean that the UE is notified / configured / instructed to have multiple (two) UL TCI states and multiple (two) DL TCI states for multiple (two) TRPs (separate TCI states for multiple TRPs).

[0024] In the above example, we described the case where the values ​​of N and M are 1 or 2, but the values ​​of N and M may be 3 or greater, and N and M may be different.

[0025] Support for N=M=1 is being considered in Rel. 17. For example, it may be supported to designate a single common beam (e.g., common beam) using RRC / MAC CE / DCI, and this single common beam may be applied to the channel / reference signals of multiple DL / ULs. Other cases may also be supported in Rel. 18 and beyond.

[0026] In a Joint DL / UL TCI state (for example, a Joint DL / UL TCI state), the RRC parameter (information element) sets up multiple TCI states for both DL and UL. MAC CE may activate multiple TCI states from among the set up TCI states. DCI may indicate one of the activated TCI states.

[0027] The DCI may be a UL DCI (e.g., a DCI used for scheduling PUSCH) or a DL DCI (e.g., a DCI used for scheduling PDSCH). The indicated TCI state may be applied to at least one (or all) of the UL / DL channels / RS. A single DCI may indicate both a UL TCI and a DL TCI.

[0028] The specified TCI state ID may be a single TCI state that applies to both UL and DL, or it may be two TCI states that apply to UL and DL respectively.

[0029] At least one of the multiple TCI states set by the RRC parameters and the multiple TCI states activated by MAC CE may be called a TCI pool (common TCI pool, joint TCI pool, TCI state pool). The multiple TCI states activated by MAC CE may be called an active TCI pool (active common TCI pool).

[0030] In this disclosure, the higher-layer parameters (RRC parameters) that set up multiple TCI states may also be referred to as setting information that sets up multiple TCI states, or simply as "setting information." Furthermore, in this disclosure, being instructed to select one of multiple TCI states using DCI may mean receiving instruction information that instructs one of the multiple TCI states included in DCI, or simply receiving "instruction information."

[0031] In a separate TCI state (e.g., Separate TCI (DL TCI state and UL TCI state)), the RRC parameter sets up multiple TCI states (joint common TCI pool) for both DL and UL. MAC CE may activate multiple TCI states (active TCI pool) from the set up multiple TCI states. Separate active TCI pools for UL and DL may be set up / activated.

[0032] A DL DCI, or a new DCI format, may select (instruct) one or more (e.g., one) TCI states. The selected TCI state may be applied to one or more (or all) DL channels / RSs. DL channels may be PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS. The UE may determine the TCI state of each DL channel / RS using the TCI state behavior (TCI framework) of Rel. 16. A UL DCI, or a new DCI format, may select (instruct) one or more (e.g., one) TCI states. The selected TCI state may be applied to one or more (or all) UL channels / RSs. UL channels may be PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH. Thus, different DCIs may instruct UL TCI and DL DCI separately.

[0033] From Rel. 17 NR onward, MAC CE / DCI is expected to support beam activation / instruction to TCI states associated with different physical cell identifiers (PCIs). Furthermore, from Rel. 18 NR onward, MAC CE / DCI is expected to support instruction to change serving cells to cells with different PCIs.

[0034] The joint TCI state and the separate (DL / UL) TCI state may be switched between and applied. Whether the joint TCI state or the separate TCI state is applied may be set from the base station to the UE by higher-layer parameters, or it may be switched by the TCI field (TCI state ID) in the DCI.

[0035] The unified TCI framework supports the following modes 1 to 3. <<Mode 1>> MAC CE-based TCI state indication <<Mode 2>> DCI-based TCI state indication with DL assignment by DCI format 1_1 / 1_2 <<Mode 3>> DCI-based TCI state indication without DL assignment by DCI format 1_1 / 1_2

[0036] Note that the DCI in the above Mode 2 / Mode 3 may be referred to as beam indication DCI.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the TCI state indicated by DCI, the Indicated TCI state, the indicated TCI state, the unified TCI state, the TCI state applied to multiple types of channels / signals, the joint TCI state (for DL and UL), the DL TCI state, the UL TCI state, the Rel. 17 TCI state, the common TCI state, the set single unified TCI state, the activated single unified TCI state, may be read as each other.

[0038] In the present disclosure, the TCI state set by RRC parameters, the configured TCI state, the set TCI state, the TCI state not conforming to the unified TCI state, the TCI state other than the unified TCI state, the TCI state / space relationship set for a specific channel / signal, the individual TCI state, may be read as each other.

[0039] The unified / common TCI state may mean the indicated TCI state indicated by DCI / MAC CE / RRC (of Rel. 17).

[0040] The indicated TCI state may be shared with at least one of the UE-specific reception in PDSCH / PDCCH (updated using Rel-17 DCI / MAC CE / RRC), the PUSCH of dynamic grant (DCI) / configured grant, and a plurality of (e.g., all) dedicated PUCCH resources. The TCI state indicated by DCI / MAC CE / RRC may be referred to as the indicated TCI state.

[0041] When the indicated TCI state is supported (in Rel-17), the TCI state other than the unified TCI state may mean the TCI state (configured TCI state) set using MAC CE / RRC (of Rel-17).

[0042] The configured TCI state may not be shared with at least one of the UE-specific reception in PDSCH / PDCCH (updated using Rel-17 DCI / MAC CE / RRC), the PUSCH of dynamic grant (DCI) / configured grant, and a plurality of (e.g., all) dedicated PUCCH resources. The configured TCI state is set by RRC / MAC CE for each CORESET / resource / resource set, and may be configured such that the configured TCI state is not updated even if the above-mentioned indicated TCI state is updated.

[0043] It is considered that the indicated TCI state is applied to the UE-specific channel / signal (RS). Also, it is considered to notify the UE using upper layer signaling (RRC signaling) about whether to apply either the indicated TCI state or the configured TCI state to the non-UE-specific channel / signal.

[0044] The RRC parameters related to the configured TCI state (TCI state ID) are being considered to have the same configuration as the RRC parameters for the TCI state in Rel. 15 / 16. The configured TCI state is being considered to be set / instructed for each CORESET / resource / resource set using RRC / MAC CE. Furthermore, it is being considered that the UE will make decisions regarding this setting / instruction based on specific parameters.

[0045] It is being considered that the update of the instruction TCI state and the update of the configured TCI state be performed separately for the UE. For example, if the unified TCI state for the instruction TCI state is updated for the UE, the configured TCI state does not need to be updated. Furthermore, it is being considered that the UE will make decisions regarding such updates based on specific parameters.

[0046] Furthermore, regarding PDCCH / PDSCH, it is being considered to use higher-layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) to switch between whether the instructed TCI state is applied or not (i.e., the configured TCI state is applied, or a TCI state configured separately from the instructed TCI state is applied).

[0047] Furthermore, regarding beam indication (indication of TCI state) within the cell (intra-cell), it is being considered that indication TCI state will be supported for UE-specific CORESETs and PDSCHs associated with said CORESETs, and for non-UE-specific CORESETs and PDSCHs associated with said CORESETs.

[0048] Furthermore, regarding inter-cell beam indication (e.g., L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility), it is being considered that indication TCI states will be supported for UE-specific CORESETs and PDSCHs associated with said CORESETs.

[0049] In Rel. 15, whether or not to instruct a TCI state for CORESET#0 depended on the base station implementation. In Rel. 15, for CORESET#0 that is instructed to have a TCI state, that instructed TCI state is applied. For CORESET#0 that is not instructed to have a TCI state, the SSB and QCL selected during the most recent PRACH transmission are applied.

[0050] In the Unified TCI State Framework from Rel. 17 onwards, the TCI state related to CORESET#0 has been examined.

[0051] For example, in the unified TCI state framework of Rel. 17 and later, whether or not to apply the indicated Rel-17 TCI state associated with the serving cell for the TCI state indication of CORESET #0 (Rel. 17) is set by the RRC for each CORESET, and if it is not applied, the existing MAC CE / RACH signaling mechanism (legacy MAC CE / RACH signaling mechanism) may be used.

[0052] In addition, in Rel. 17, the CSI-RS related to the TCI state applied to CORESET#0 may be QCL with the SSB related to the serving cell PCI (physical cell ID) (same as in Rel. 15).

[0053] For CORESET #0, a CORESET with a common search space (CSS), and a CORESET with both CSS and a UE-specific search space (USS), the RRC parameter may be used to determine whether or not to follow the indicated TCI state for each CORESET. If the setting to follow the indicated TCI state is not selected for a particular CORESET, the selected TCI state may be applied to that CORESET.

[0054] For non-UE-dedicated channels / RSs (excluding CORESETs), the RRC parameter may be set for each channel / resource / resource set to determine whether or not to follow the indicative TCI state. If the channel / resource / resource set is not set to follow the indicative TCI state, the set TCI state may be applied to that channel / resource / resource set.

[0055] (Scenario 1: UL high-density configuration (UL only TRP)) In Rel. 15 NR, the coverage (range) of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH is not uniform. PUSCH coverage is particularly limited at high frequencies. Future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18, Rel. 19, or later) are being considered to improve at least one of UL coverage and UL throughput.

[0056] To expand UL coverage, the addition of UL receiving points in addition to general transmitting and receiving points is being considered. Therefore, examples of general transmitting and receiving point arrangements and arrangements with UL receiving points (UL dense deployment) will be described.

[0057] Figure 1A shows an example of a typical transmission and reception point arrangement. In Figure 1A, the UE receives a DL signal from the transmission / reception point (TRP) and transmits a UL signal to the TRP. For example, if the UE and TRP are far apart, path loss may be large, potentially degrading communication quality.

[0058] Figure 1B shows an example of a high-density UL (ultraluminescence) arrangement. To expand UL coverage, it is being considered to provide UL receiving points, as shown in Figure 1B, in addition to DL (downlink) transmission points. In Figure 1B, the UE (User Equipment) receives DL signals from DL transmission points (TRP / central TRP / DL TRP / macro TRP) corresponding to macrocells and transmits UL signals to UL receiving points (e.g., receiving points with lower path loss / received power). However, the UE may also be capable of performing UL transmission to DL transmission points.

[0059] By using a high-density UL configuration as shown in Figure 1B, compared to a general configuration as shown in Figure 1A, both coverage and UL data rate can be improved by reducing path loss, improving UL signaling quality, and achieving a higher coding rate. Furthermore, since UL receiving points primarily perform reception, they require fewer functions (such as power amplifiers) compared to transmitting and receiving points corresponding to typical small cells, resulting in lower costs and significantly easier deployment management.

[0060] In Scenario 1, UL transmission of multi-TRP is not required. For example, even if there are two TCIs to be indicated, UL TCI (UL Single TRP) may always be indicated to one UE.

[0061] Alternatively, in Scenario 1, multi-TRP UL transmission (e.g., TDM / FDM repetition, SDM / SFN multi-panel simultaneous transmission, or all of them) may be supported. It may be specified that one of the two UL TRPs must be a DL TRP, or one of the two UL TRPs may be a DL TRP.

[0062] (Scenario 2: Decoupling of DL TRP and UL TRP in HetNet) In this disclosure, a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) using macro Base Stations (BS) (DL TRP) and micro BS (UL TRP) may be applied (Figure 2). In a typical HetNet, the transmit power of the macro BS and micro BS are different. Also, the optimal DL coverage and the optimal UL coverage are different. For example, DL coverage is determined by RSRP, and UL coverage is determined by path loss (PL).

[0063] In the example in Figure 2, the UE is included in the optimal DL coverage of the macro BS and the optimal UL coverage of the micro BS. In this case, the UE can receive DL from the macro BS and transmit UL to the micro BS. However, the UE may transmit some reference signals / channels (e.g., SRS with usage Antenna switching (AS) used for acquiring DL CSI) to the macro BS. Therefore, the UE may require two Timing Advances (TA) in this scenario. Note that the SRS with AS is transmitted to the macro BS because it is used to enable the base station (macro BS) to perform DL CSI measurement (e.g., determine the MIMO precoder of the DL) based on the reception of the SRS using the channel reciprocity. On the other hand, the SRS with usage Codebook / Non-codebook is transmitted to the micro BS because it is used for PUSCH precoder / beam determination.

[0064] In HetNet, even if a microBS has DL transmission capabilities, turning off the DL function most of the time can conserve energy on the microBS. In this case, the microBS functions similarly to a UL-only TRP (UL receiving point).

[0065] (Reception of Path Loss (PL)) The UE may receive path loss (PL) values ​​used for transmission power control (TPC) estimated and notified (transmitted) by the network via DL signaling. This DL signaling may be at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC CE) or physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0066] UE receives the path loss (PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ ) (index q ｄ The UL signal transmission power for a receiving point that does not transmit downlink data (e.g., the transmission power of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH) may be calculated using the active UL BWP path loss of the carrier f of serving cell c.

[0067] The PL offset value [dB] for each RS index may be notified (transmitted) from the network to the UE. The UE may use the path loss value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the received PL offset value to the conventional path loss value estimated based on the DL RS transmitted from the DL transmission point / macro BS, in calculating the UL transmission power to the UL reception point / micro BS.

[0068] The PL offset value is q ｄ Notifications / settings may be made for each index of / SSB / CSI-RS / SRS Resource / SRS Resource Set. DL signaling may also be used to notify one or more RS indexes and the corresponding PL offset values ​​for each RS index.

[0069] Figure 3 shows an example of PL calculation in a high-density UL (Ultraviolet) configuration. When both the DL (Downloadable) transmission point (macro TRP / gNB) and the UL (Ultraviolet) reception point measure the same resource, the DL transmission point can recognize the difference between the PL between the DL transmission point and the UE (Ultraviolet) and the PL between the UL reception point and the UE. In this case, the DL transmission point may notify the UE of this difference (PL offset).

[0070] As described above, even if the DL RS (RS index) used for path loss estimation is notified from the UL receiving point / microBS, the UE can calculate the transmit power using the notified PL value / PL offset value.

[0071] (Setting UL Power Control Parameters for TCI State) The cases in which UL power control parameters are set (or not set) for the UL TCI state or joint TCI state of the serving cell are described below. The UE may receive a setting of a first path loss value or a PL offset value (the difference between the first path loss value and a second path loss value corresponding to a DL transmit point) for the UL receive point (UL TRP), and calculate the transmit power of the UL signal to be transmitted to the UL receive point based on the first path loss value or PL offset value.

[0072] Whether or not a PL value or PL offset value is set is determined / set for each TCI state ID. Furthermore, the PL value or PL offset value may be determined / set for each TCI state ID. Hereinafter, UL TCI state / joint TCI state may be simply referred to as TCI state.

[0073] In the unified TCI state of Rel. 17, an RRC parameter (Uplink-powerControlId-r17) indicating UL power control is set in the UE for each TCI state or UL TCI state to indicate the TPC parameters (excluding PL RS). The UE may also have additional information indicating the PL value or PL offset value set as an optional field in the TCI state (or UL TCI state) or Uplink-powerControlId-r17.

[0074] If no additional information indicating a PL value or PL offset value is set for a TCI state or UL TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-State or RRC parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), the UE may determine that the TCI state is associated with a macro TRP (DL transmission point).

[0075] If additional information indicating a PL value or PL offset value is set for a TCI state or UL TCI state (parameter TCI-State or parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), the UE may determine that the TCI state is associated with a UL receiving point.

[0076] The TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-State), the UL TCI state (RRC parameter TCI-UL-State-r17), and the RRC parameter indicating UL power control related to the TCI state (Uplink-powerControlId-r17) may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0077] (Asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP) When PL-RS is sent from DL sTRP to UE, a PL offset may be set for PL calculation to UL TRP(s).

[0078] The channels / RS that support PL offset may be all UL channels / RS after RRC connection setup. For example, SRS, PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH (PDCCH order to UL TRP; PRACH may be used when applying two TAs).

[0079] In asymmetric DL single TRP (sTRP) / UL multi-TRP (mTRP) configuration scenarios, it may be supported to associate the UL TCI state with the PL offset. When the UL TCI state associated with the PL offset is applied to a PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS transmission, the UE calculates the PL and Tx power for the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS based on the DL PL RS and PL offset associated with this UL TCI state. Existing UL power control schemes can be repurposed by replacing the existing PL with the UL PL obtained from the DL PL RS and PL offset.

[0080] For PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, a PL offset value may be set for each UL TCI state. If a PL offset is set for each UL TCI state, the UE may use the PL offset value to calculate the PL.

[0081] For PRACH, a set of PL offset values ​​may be configured in the PRACH setting (PRACH-Config in RRC). PDCCH may specify one of the PL offset values ​​for the PDCCH order PRACH.

[0082] (Updating PL Offsets) <Example 0> Example 0 concerns the procedure for updating PL offsets.

[0083] The UE may set the PL offset value for each joint / UL TCI state using RRC signaling (step 0-1).

[0084] The setting of the PL offset value may be performed using information obtained by quantizing the first value range (for example, from X1 to X2) with x bits.

[0085] The PL offset value may be expressed as an absolute value, for example.

[0086] The UE may use MAC CE to update / overwrite the PL offset values ​​for each joint / UL TCI state (step 0-2).

[0087] One MAC CE may update one PL offset value. In this case, one MAC CE may correspond to one joint / UL TCI state.

[0088] A single MAC CE may update multiple PL offset values. In this case, a single MAC CE may correspond to multiple joint / UL TCI states.

[0089] UE may receive one or more such MAC CEs.

[0090] The update of the PL offset value may be performed using information obtained by quantizing a second value range (for example, Y1 to Y2) with y bits.

[0091] The PL offset value may be expressed as an absolute value, or as a relative value (e.g., a difference value).

[0092] For example, the difference value may be the difference value relative to the PL offset value before the update. The PL offset value before the update may be, for example, the PL offset value set using RRC signaling, or the latest PL offset value set / updated using RRC / MAC CE.

[0093] Figure 4 shows an example of setting / updating PL offsets in the first example. In the example shown in Figure 4, the UE first sets PL offset values ​​corresponding to each TCI state using RRC signaling. Next, the UE is instructed to update one or more PL offset values ​​using MAC CE. Based on this instruction, the UE updates one or more PL offsets.

[0094] <Example 1> Example 1 concerns MAC CE for updating PL offset.

[0095] One MAC CE may correspond to one joint / UL TCI state. In this case, the UE may receive multiple MAC CEs for updating multiple PL offsets.

[0096] A single MAC CE may correspond to multiple joint / UL TCI states. In this case, the UE may receive a single MAC CE for updating multiple PL offsets.

[0097] In MAC CE for updating PL offsets, the PL offset value may be expressed as an absolute value or as a relative value (e.g., a difference value).

[0098] For example, the difference value may be the difference value relative to the PL offset value before the update. The PL offset value before the update may be, for example, the PL offset value set using RRC signaling, or the latest PL offset value set / updated using RRC / MAC CE.

[0099] The update of the PL offset value indicated by MAC CE may be applied to a single PL offset / TCI state or to multiple PL offset / TCI states (a set of PL offset / TCI states).

[0100] According to the first example above, the PL offset can be appropriately updated for each joint / UL TCI state.

[0101] <Second Example> <<Issues>> When applying the above-mentioned 0th / 1st examples, if the base station / NW sets different PL offset values ​​for different joint / UL TCI states (for example, in existing specifications, up to 128 joint TCI states or up to 64 UL TCI states), it is expected that the MAC CE overhead will be enormous in order to update the PL offsets for up to 128 / 64 joint / UL TCI states. For example, (simultaneous) updating of the PL offsets for 128 joint TCI states may require up to 128 MAC CEs.

[0102] <<Example 2-1>> Groups of TCI statuses may be defined / introduced. The UE may update the PL offset for each such group.

[0103] The group may include one or more TCI conditions.

[0104] <<Example 2-2>> Groups of PL offsets may be defined / introduced. The UE may update the PL offsets for each such group.

[0105] The group may include one or more PL offsets (values).

[0106] <<Example 2-3>> The TCI state (or the number of TCI states) in which the PL offset is updated / instructed may be restricted.

[0107] For example, the TCI state in which the PL offset is updated / instructed may be limited to the active TCI state (the TCI state that is activated). The UE may assume that the TCI state in which the PL offset is updated / instructed is the active TCI state.

[0108] (PL Offset for Unified TCI State) In nR18 Unified TCI, up to eight DL TCI states and up to eight UL TCI states can be activated. Different UL TCI states can be associated with different PL-RS, PL offsets, and TPC parameters (Figure 5). MAC CE or DCI can indicate one of the activated TCI states.

[0109] In DL TCI states, different TCI states can be associated with different QCL source RSs.

[0110] In FR1, if the gNB does not set multiple QCL-D RSs, there is no incentive to activate multiple DL TCI states. However, with UL TCI states, different TCI states can be associated with different TPC parameters, PL-RSs, and PL offsets, and a maximum of eight UL active TCI states may be insufficient.

[0111] (Analysis) As mentioned above, in future wireless communication systems, for example, to expand UL coverage, a high-density UL configuration is being considered, which includes UL receiving points that primarily perform UL reception in addition to DL transmission points. Furthermore, a heterogeneous network (HetNet) using macro Base Stations (BS) and micro BSs is also being considered. If these are applied, there is a possibility that PL RS will not be transmitted from the UL receiving point / micro BS that is the UL transmission destination.

[0112] Therefore, the use of path loss (PL) offset in calculating the transmission power of UL channels / signals is being considered.

[0113] However, there are cases where settings / instructions related to such PL offsets have not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, the UL transmit power may not be properly controlled, potentially suppressing improvements in communication throughput.

[0114] For example, the path loss reference signal (PL-RS) associated with the UL TCI state for a UL receiving point (UL OnlyTRP) is an RRC setting. Therefore, if the UE changes the SSB / TRS / DL TCI state for, for example, a DL transmitting point (anchor TRP), updating the PL-RS in the UL TCI state setting requires RRC signaling with each update. In this case, signaling overhead and delay may increase.

[0115] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a method to appropriately control the UL transmission power.

[0116] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0117] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0118] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0119] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0120] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0121] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0122] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0123] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0124] In this disclosure, TCI, TCI status, TCI status ID, TCI status list / set / pool / group, and TCI status list / set / pool / group ID may be interpreted as interchangeable. TCI and UL / joint TCI may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0125] In this disclosure, TCI state, DCI-indicated TCI state, indicated TCI state, unified TCI state, TCI state applicable to multiple types of channels / signals, joint TCI state (for DL ​​and UL), DL TCI state, UL TCI state, Rel. 17 TCI state, common TCI state, single unified TCI state to be set, and single unified TCI state to be activated may be interpreted as one another.

[0126] The UL receiving point may be connected to a TRP (e.g., a base station) or core network via wired or wireless connection. The UL receiving point may be treated as a network (NW) or base station. The UL receiving point may be capable of transmitting downlink (DL) signals (e.g., PL values) and may be applied to base stations forming a macrocell. For example, the UL receiving point may not transmit downlink data but transmit control signals / channels.

[0127] In this disclosure, base station, TRP, UL receiving point, UL TRP, UL only TRP, microcell, microBS, microTRP, and equipment that does not transmit PLRS (TRP / base station) may be interpreted interchangeably. A UL receiving point primarily performs UL receiving. A UL receiving point may perform UL receiving only, or it may perform UL receiving and DL transmission.

[0128] In this disclosure, base stations, TRPs, anchor TRPs, DL transmission points, DL TRPs, DL-only TRPs, UL / DL TRPs, macrocells, macro BSs, macro TRPs, central TRPs, and devices transmitting PL RS (TRP / base station) may be interpreted interchangeably. DL transmission points primarily perform DL transmissions. DL transmission points may perform DL transmissions only, or they may perform UL reception and DL transmissions.

[0129] In the present disclosure, UL high-density arrangement, distributed TRP mode, separated location mode of transmission / reception points, distributed transmission / reception mode, separated TRP mode, TRP type 1, TRP type 2, TRP type A, and TRP type B may be read as each other.

[0130] In the present disclosure, absolute PL, path loss (PL), PL value, PL parameter, PL RS, and PL RSID may be read as each other. In the present disclosure, relative PL, delta PL, PL offset, offset of P Ｏ offset, offset of α, offset of power / power density [x dBm], path loss (PL), PL value, PL offset value, PL parameter, PLoffset b,f,c , PLoffset b,f,c (q d ) may be read as each other.

[0131] In the present disclosure, using / applying the PL offset may mean using, for the calculation of the transmission power of a UL signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS) transmitted to a UL reception point / UL TRP, the PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the PL offset to the PL value estimated / calculated based on the DL RS transmitted from the DL transmission point / DL TRP or the received PL value.

[0132] The gNB (base station) in the present disclosure may be a DL transmission point or a UL reception point, or may be a base station higher than the DL transmission point or the UL reception point (capable of communicating with the DL transmission point / UL reception point).

[0133] In the present disclosure, UL channels, UL signals, UL transmissions, etc. may be read as each other. In the present disclosure, the UL channel / signal may be any UL channel / signal (e.g., PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PARCH).

[0134] In the present disclosure, the measured RS may be the QCL source RS of the active TCI state / indicated TCI state.

[0135] (Wireless communication method) <First embodiment> The UE may receive information (e.g., a flag) indicating the DL TCI state (e.g., an indicated TCI state among the DL TCI states) corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL TCI state. In this case, the UE may use the QCL source RS of the indicated DL TCI state (e.g., a QCL type D source RS) as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and apply a PL offset.

[0136] The UE may use the PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) a PL offset to the PL value estimated / calculated based on the QCL source RS in the indicated DL TCI state to calculate the transmit power of the UL signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS) to be transmitted to the UL receiving point / UL TRP.

[0137] If the information indicating the DL TCI status is a flag, the UE may use the RS of the QCL source D corresponding to the DL TCI status that is pre-configured for the UL TCI status.

[0138] Figure 6 shows an example of power control-related settings for the UL TCI state in the first embodiment. In the example in Figure 6, a flag is set for the PL-RS of UL TCI state #2-0. In this case, the UE may use the RS of the QCL source of the indicated DL TCI state (for example, the source RS of QCL type D) as the PL-RS of UL TCI state #2-0.

[0139] The TCI state in this disclosure may be a UL / DL TCI state (e.g., a unified TCI state). The PL-RS of the specified UL TCI state may be the QCL source RS of the specified DL TCI state (the source RS of QCL type A / D). If the source RS of QCL type A and the source RS of QCL type D are different, either one may be applied. Which one to use may be specified in the specification or determined by higher-layer signaling.

[0140] The TCI state in this disclosure may also be a joint TCI state. In this case, in the unified TCI for single DCI of Rel. 18, if the PL-RS of either the first or second specified TCI state is set and the other is not set (or a specific flag is set), the PL-RS of the first or second specified TCI state that is not set may be the PL-RS / QCL source RS of the set second or first specified TCI state.

[0141] The UL / joint TCI state in which PL-RS is set may be notified of a large number of PL-RS and PL offset combinations. Therefore, the TCI state of this disclosure may be limited to the UL / joint TCI state in which PL-RS is set. Furthermore, this embodiment may be applied when the UE receives a specific setting through upper-layer signaling.

[0142] This embodiment may be applied to a UL / joint TCI state in which the DL TCI state (flag) is set as the PL-RS. Otherwise (for example, if the SSB / CSI-RS ID is set as the PL-RS), the UE may use the normally set SSB / CSI-RS as the PL-RS.

[0143] <<Switching Delay>> In this embodiment, when the instructed DL TCI state switches, the PL-RS of the UL TCI state switches. Since the UE needs to repeat the PL measurement when the PL-RS changes, a PL-RS switching delay is defined. For example, the switching delay is added to the time between receiving a PDSCH including MAC CE and the UE performing a UL transmission.

[0144] In the current specifications, when the UL / joint TCI state switches, NM*(T) is calculated considering the PL-RS switching delay. ｆｉｒｓｔ＿ｔａｒｇｅｔ－ＰＬ－ＲＳ +4*T ｔａｒｇｅｔ＿ＰＬ－ＲＳ A switching delay of +2ms / NR slot length is added.

[0145] In this embodiment, when the DL TCI state is updated, a switching delay may be defined for applying the updated UL TCI state. For example, when the DL TCI state is updated, NM* (T ｆｉｒｓｔ＿ｔａｒｇｅｔ－ＰＬ－ＲＳ +4*T ｔａｒｇｅｔ＿ＰＬ－ＲＳ A switching delay of +2ms) / NR slot length may be specified. The UE may apply this switching delay (added to the time until UL transmission) when the DL TCI state is updated.

[0146] Furthermore, the switching delay required to apply the UL TCI state when the DL TCI state is updated may be the same as, or different from, the switching delay when the UL / joint TCI state switches.

[0147] If this embodiment is not applied, even if the DL TCI state is updated, the switching delay for applying the UL TCI state does not need to be applied (according to existing specifications).

[0148] <<Variations>> Some of the information in the RRC settings for the UL TCI state may be communicated in the RRC settings for the DL TCI state. For example, the PL-RS / PL offset for the UL TCI state may be communicated in the RRC settings for the DL TCI state. This can resolve the shortage of the number of indicable values ​​for the UL TCI state.

[0149] Figure 7 shows an example of setting the TCI state in a variation of the first embodiment. In Figure 7, the DL TCI state (for example, the field of DL TCI ID) is set with a PL offset corresponding to the UL TCI state. In this case, the PL offset does not need to be set within the setting of the UL TCI state. The UE may use the PL offset included in the setting of the corresponding DL TCI state as the PL offset for the UL TCI state.

[0150] This variation may be applied only to specific frequency ranges (e.g., FR1), because in this case, the number of required DL TCI states may be small (e.g., fewer than 8).

[0151] According to the first embodiment, by using the setting of the corresponding DL TCI state, the setting of the PL-RS / PL offset can be omitted in the setting of the UL TCI state (e.g., RRC information element), thereby suppressing signaling overhead.

[0152] <Second Embodiment> The UE may receive settings for multiple path loss (PL) offsets and a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) indicating at least one of the multiple PL offsets. The UE may update at least one PL offset based on the MAC CE. Multiple values ​​may be used as the step size for setting the PL offset (e.g., 2 dB, 3 dB, 4 dB).

[0153] For example, notification of multiple patterns (sets) of PL offsets may be specified. For example, the UE may be notified of one of the following parameters: Set 1 indicates a 4 dB step size, and Set 2 indicates a 2 dB step size. PL Offset Set 1 = (-12, -8, -4, 0, 4, 8, ..., 60) dB. PL Offset Set 2 = (-12, -10, -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, ..., 60) dB.

[0154] Figure 8 shows the setting of the PL offset in the second embodiment. For example, an RRC information element that notifies the code point of PL offset set 1 / set 2 in Figure 8 may be set. In the case of set 1, 5 bits are required for the PL offset, and in the case of set 2, 6 bits are required. In other words, when setting / updating the PL offset using MAC CE / DCI, the number of bits required for setting / updating differs depending on the step size (e.g., 4 or 2).

[0155] When multiple step sizes of PL offsets can be notified / configured in this way, either option 2-1 or 2-2 may be applied.

[0156] <<Option 2-1>> Regardless of which step size (set) is notified / set for the PL offset, the MAC CE configuration does not need to change. In other words, the MAC CE may notify the number of PL offsets required for the maximum number of PL offsets specified in the specifications. This allows the MAC CE configuration to be fixed, thereby reducing the processing load on the UE.

[0157] For example, if a set 1 / set 2 (requiring 5 bits / 6 bits) as shown in Figure 8 is notified, a MAC CE capable of always setting a 6-bit PL offset may be used (for example, a MAC CE similar to that shown in Figure 10 below). For example, if set 1 is used, only the first 5 bits (the first 19 rows in Figure 8) are used, and the UE does not need to assume that the other rows will be notified.

[0158] <<Option 2-2>> Depending on the notified / configured step size (set) for the PL offset, the MAC CE configuration may differ. This can reduce MAC CE overhead.

[0159] Figure 9 shows a first example of MAC CE for option 2-2. When the above PL offset set 1 (requiring 5 bits) is applied, the UE may receive MAC CE containing the 5-bit PL offset value and update the PL offset, as shown in Figure 9.

[0160] Figure 10 shows a second example of the MAC CE for option 2-2. For example, if the PL offset set 2 (requiring 6 bits) is applied, the UE may receive a MAC CE containing the 6-bit PL offset value shown in Figure 10 and update the PL offset.

[0161] In the second embodiment, an example was shown in which two step sizes are set / notified, but three or more step sizes may be set / notified. Also, although examples of PL offsets requiring 5 bits / 6 bits were shown, the invention is not limited to these examples.

[0162] In the second embodiment, even when multiple PL offset step sizes are set / notified, MAC CE can appropriately update the PL offset.

[0163] <<Variations>> MAC CE in this disclosure may be used to update the PL offset corresponding to the TCI state of an L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) candidate cell. In this case, the Serving cell ID in Figures 9 and 10 may be read as Candidate Cell ID. UE may update only the PL offset corresponding to the TCI state / UL TCI state indicated in the LTM cell switch command MAC CE.

[0164] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0165] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0166] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0167] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0168] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0169] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0170] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0171] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0172] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0173] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0174] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0175] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0176] The above-mentioned specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; • Supporting Scenario 1 (UL high density arrangement); • Supporting Scenario 2 (HetNet); • Supporting MAC CE-based PL offset updates; • Number of updatable PL offset / TCI states; • Supporting UL transmission to UL receiving points (SRS / PUSCH / PUCCH / PRACH); • Number of supported UL receiving points (UL TRP) / DL transmitting points (DL TRP).

[0177] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0178] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0179] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0180] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0181] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives information indicating a DL TCI state corresponding to a Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of a UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state; and a control unit that uses a Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS of an instructed DL TCI state as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and applies a PL offset. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit applies a switching delay to apply the updated UL TCI state when the DL TCI state is updated. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit uses a PL offset included in the setting of the corresponding DL TCI state as the PL offset of the UL TCI state. [Note 4] The receiving unit receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) that indicates the PL offset, and the MAC CE is a terminal described in any of Notes 1 to 3, with a different configuration depending on the step size of the PL offset.

[0182] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0183] Figure 11 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0184] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0185] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0186] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0187] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0188] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0189] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0190] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0191] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0192] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0193] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0194] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0195] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0196] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0197] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0198] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0199] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0200] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0201] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0202] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0203] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0204] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0205] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0206] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0207] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0208] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0209] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0210] (Base Station) Figure 12 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0211] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0212] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0213] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0214] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0216] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0217] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0220] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0222] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0225] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0226] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0227] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0228] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0229] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also transmit information indicating the DL TCI status corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status.

[0230] The control unit 110 may assume / set / instruct the terminal to use the instructed DL TCI state Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS as a PL-RS in the UL TCI state and apply the PL offset.

[0231] (User Terminal) Figure 13 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0232] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0233] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0234] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0235] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0236] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0237] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0239] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0242] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0244] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0247] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0248] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0249] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0250] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0251] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0252] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0253] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 14 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0254] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0255] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0256] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0257] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0258] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0259] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0260] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0261] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0262] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0263] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0264] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0265] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0266] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0267] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0268] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0269] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0270] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0271] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0272] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0273] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0274] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0275] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0276] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0277] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0278] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0279] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0280] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0281] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0282] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0283] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0284] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0285] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0286] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0287] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0288] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0289] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0290] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0291] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0292] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0293] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0294] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0295] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0296] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0297] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0298] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0299] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0300] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0301] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0302] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0303] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0304] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0305] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0306] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0307] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0308] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0309] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0310] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0311] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0312] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0313] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0314] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0315] Figure 15 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0316] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0317] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0318] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0319] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0320] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0321] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0322] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0323] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0324] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0325] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0326] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0327] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0328] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0329] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0330] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0331] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0332] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0333] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0334] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0335] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0336] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0337] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0338] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0339] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0340] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0341] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0342] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0343] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0344] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0345] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0346] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0347] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0348] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0349] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0350] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-180357, filed on October 15, 2024. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives information indicating the DL TCI state corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state; and a control unit that uses the instructed DL TCI state Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and applies a PL offset.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit applies a switching delay to apply the updated UL TCI state when the DL TCI state is updated.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit uses the PL offset included in the setting of the corresponding DL TCI state as the PL offset of the UL TCI state.

4. The receiving unit receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) indicating a PL offset, and the MAC CE has a configuration that differs according to the step size of the PL offset, as described in claim 1.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising: receiving information indicating the DL TCI state corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state; and using the instructed DL TCI state Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and applying a PL offset.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits information indicating the DL TCI state corresponding to the Pathloss Reference Signal (PL-RS) of the UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state; and a control unit that assumes that a terminal will use the instructed DL TCI state Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) source RS as the PL-RS of the UL TCI state and apply a PL offset.

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