XR use case driven TWT configuration and traffic scheduling for optimized latency and WI-FI power

Abstract

A method for wireless communication at a client device and related apparatus are provided. In the method, the client device transmits information associated with a position of the client device to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods. Subsequently, during a second time period of the set of time periods, the client device receives from the server at least one first frame based on the information. The first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server. The client device then displays the at least one first frame based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period.

Description

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 1XR USE CASE DRIVEN TWT CONFIGURATION AND TRAFFICSCHEDULING FOR OPTIMIZED LATENCY AND WI-FI POWERCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to Indian Provisional Application No. 202421079263, entitled “XR USE CASE DRIVEN TWT CONFIGURATION AND TRAFFIC SCHEDULING FOR OPTIMIZED LATENCY AND WI-FI POWER” and filed on October 18, 2024, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to processing systems and, more particularly, to one or more techniques for traffic scheduling for graphic processing.INTRODUCTION

[0003] Computing devices often perform graphics and / or display processing (e.g., utilizing a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), a display processor, etc.) to render and display visual content. Such computing devices may include, for example, computer workstations, mobile phones such as smartphones, embedded systems, personal computers, tablet computers, and video game consoles. GPUs are configured to execute a graphics processing pipeline that includes one or more processing stages, which operate together to execute graphics processing commands and output a frame. A central processing unit (CPU) may control the operation of the GPU by issuing one or more graphics processing commands to the GPU. Modern day CPUs are typically capable of executing multiple applications concurrently, each of which may need to utilize the GPU during execution. A display processor is configured to convert digital information received from a CPU to analog values and may issue commands to a display panel for displaying the visual content. A device that provides content for visual presentation on a display may utilize a GPU and / or a display processor.

[0004] A GPU of a device may be configured to perform the processes in a graphics processing pipeline. Further, a display processor or display processing unit (DPU)129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 2 may be configured to perform the processes of display processing. However, with the advent of wireless communication and smaller, handheld devices, there has developed an increased need for improved graphics or display processing.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a client device or any apparatus that may perform graphics processing. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor may be configured to transmit, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; receive, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, where the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server; and display, based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period, the at least one first frame.

[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a server or any apparatus that may perform graphics processing. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor may be configured to receive, from a client device during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; render and encode the information associated with the position of the client device to generate at least one first frame; and transmit, to the client device during a second time period of the set of time periods, the at least one first frame, where the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the client device.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 3

[0008] The details of one or more examples of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. l is a block diagram that illustrates an example content generation system.

[0010] FIG. 2 is an example graphics processing unit (GPU).

[0011] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating example communication of content / data in accordance with a split rendering process.

[0012] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0013] FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0014] FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0015] FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0016] FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0017] FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example timeline of a split rendering process.

[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of extended reality (XR) phone and glass split rendering functional split.

[0019] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of optimized pose transmission schemes in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink-first transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink-first transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink and downlink data transmissions in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of early terminations of a target wake time (TWT) service period (SP) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating an example flowchart for early termination indications in the “UL first” scenario.

[0025] FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating another example flowchart for early termination indications in the “DL first” scenario.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 4

[0026] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a split rendering use case for a four- stream application.

[0027] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the integration of the clustering barriers with the TWT in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the integration of the clustering barriers with the TWT in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating examples of traffic scheduling in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 17 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a client device in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a client device in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a server in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a server in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In split rendering applications, content may be rendered on servers and encoded / streamed to headsets over Wi-Fi. Split rendering means the workload may be split between two devices, i.e., the host / server and the client / headset. For example, one use case is a smartphone connected to a headset / glasses. Glasses may not have high processing capabilities, and heat dissipation may be an issue if all the processing is performed on the client / glasses. Accordingly, it is beneficial to split the rendering between the server and the client device. Some aspects of split rendering may utilize a number of different features, such as a target wake time (TWT) and a timing synchronization function (TSF). The TWT feature may allow a modem / radio frequency (RF) to be switched on at a fixed cadence and for a known service period. This TWT feature may be utilized to save power on the server and the client device. While TWT may ensure a power reduction on the modem side, the selection of TWT parameters may influence extended reality (XR) performance, such as the latency and129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 5 frame reuse (i.e., judder). In some instances, the TWT feature may allow UL (pose) data and downlink (rendered + encoded) frame data to be aligned with a TWT service period (On Period), i.e., the transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) on the client device and the server may happen simultaneously. When data is transmitted simultaneously within the same service period, it may provide the modem a chance to sleep for a certain time, which may reduce power and thermal issues. In some Wi-Fi scenarios, each station (STA) may have a timer synchronized with a timing synchronized function (TSF), e.g., associated with a service access point (SAP). Additionally, early termination may allow a service period to be terminated early on detection of inactivity of downlink / uplink data. Early termination processes may include an end of service period (EOSP). For example, the ESOP may terminate a service interval (i.e., transition the service interval from an “on” period to an “off’ period). Wi-Fi TWT may allow a modem to turn on and off at a defined cadence. TWT may also support early termination, such as if data is not present for transmission for a defined time period, the modem may turn off. In some aspects of split rendering, wireless clients / glasses may utilize certain types of designs (e.g., sleek and / or lightweight designs), which may pose battery consumption and thermal dissipation challenges. For example, one of the contributors to power consumption on augmented reality (AR) glasses may be wireless transmission. Power savings may be realized by traffic shaping the uplink and downlink transmissions between the server / phone and the client / glasses, but this may result in higher latency and visual quality issues if scheduling techniques and / or synchronization with real-time XR processing are not performed. Aspects of the present disclosure may utilize scheduling techniques for synchronization at the split rendering framework level, such as for certain types of schemes (e.g., Wi-Fi TWT). Additionally, aspects presented herein may utilize split rendering scheduling techniques for synchronization, including power and thermal optimizations. Aspects presented herein may also utilize improved visual quality close to a display timeline, which may reduce the amount of duplicate displays. Moreover, for split rendering processes, aspects of the present disclosure may utilize scheduling techniques in XR applications to achieve synchronization to work with optimized transmission schemes, e.g., Wi-Fi TWT.

[0036] Various aspects of systems, apparatuses, computer program products, and methods are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 6 be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the systems, apparatuses, computer program products, and methods disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of, or combined with, other aspects of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0037] Although various aspects are described herein, many variations and permutations of these aspects fall within the scope of this disclosure. Although some potential benefits and advantages of aspects of this disclosure are mentioned, the scope of this disclosure is not intended to be limited to particular benefits, uses, or objectives. Rather, aspects of this disclosure are intended to be broadly applicable to different wireless technologies, system configurations, networks, and transmission protocols, some of which are illustrated by way of example in the figures and in the following description. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure rather than limiting, the scope of this disclosure being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

[0038] Several aspects are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, and the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0039] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors (which may also be referred to as processing units). Examples of129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 7 processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), general purpose GPUs (GPGPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems-on-chip (SOC), baseband processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software may be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The term application may refer to software. As described herein, one or more techniques may refer to an application, i.e., software, being configured to perform one or more functions. In such examples, the application may be stored on a memory, e.g., on-chip memory of a processor, system memory, or any other memory. Hardware described herein, such as a processor may be configured to execute the application. For example, the application may be described as including code that, when executed by the hardware, causes the hardware to perform one or more techniques described herein. As an example, the hardware may access the code from a memory and execute the code accessed from the memory to perform one or more techniques described herein. In some examples, components are identified in this disclosure. In such examples, the components may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The components may be separate components or sub-components of a single component.

[0040] Accordingly, in one or more examples described herein, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may comprise a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 8 disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that may be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that may be accessed by a computer.

[0041] In general, this disclosure describes techniques for having a graphics processing pipeline in a single device or multiple devices, improving the rendering of graphical content, and / or reducing the load of a processing unit, i.e., any processing unit configured to perform one or more techniques described herein, such as a GPU. For example, this disclosure describes techniques for graphics processing in any device that utilizes graphics processing. Other example benefits are described throughout this disclosure.

[0042] As used herein, instances of the term “content” may refer to “graphical content,” “image,” and vice versa. This is true regardless of whether the terms are being used as an adjective, noun, or other parts of speech. In some examples, as used herein, the term “graphical content” may refer to a content produced by one or more processes of a graphics processing pipeline. In some examples, as used herein, the term “graphical content” may refer to a content produced by a processing unit configured to perform graphics processing. In some examples, as used herein, the term “graphical content” may refer to a content produced by a graphics processing unit.

[0043] In some examples, as used herein, the term “display content” may refer to content generated by a processing unit configured to perform displaying processing. In some examples, as used herein, the term “display content” may refer to content generated by a display processing unit. Graphical content may be processed to become display content. For example, a graphics processing unit may output graphical content, such as a frame, to a buffer (which may be referred to as a framebuffer). A display processing unit may read the graphical content, such as one or more frames from the buffer, and perform one or more display processing techniques thereon to generate display content. For example, a display processing unit may be configured to perform composition on one or more rendered layers to generate a frame. As another example, a display processing unit may be configured to compose, blend, or otherwise combine two or more layers together into a single frame. A display processing unit may be configured to perform scaling, e.g., upscaling or downscaling, on a frame. In some examples, a frame may refer to a layer. In other examples, a frame may refer to two or more layers that have already been blended together to form the frame, i.e., the129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 9 frame includes two or more layers, and the frame that includes two or more layers may subsequently be blended.

[0044] FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example content generation system 100 configured to implement one or more techniques of this disclosure. The content generation system 100 includes a device 104. The device 104 may include one or more components or circuits for performing various functions described herein. In some examples, one or more components of the device 104 may be components of an SOC. The device 104 may include one or more components configured to perform one or more techniques of this disclosure. In the example shown, the device 104 may include a processing unit 120, a content encoder / decoder 122, and a system memory 124. In some aspects, the device 104 may include a number of optional components, e.g., a communication interface 126, a transceiver 132, a receiver 128, a transmitter 130, a display processor 127, and one or more displays 131. Reference to the display 131 may refer to the one or more displays 131. For example, the display 131 may include a single display or multiple displays. The display 131 may include a first display and a second display. The first display may be a left-eye display and the second display may be a right-eye display. In some examples, the first and second display may receive different frames for presentment thereon. In other examples, the first and second display may receive the same frames for presentment thereon. In further examples, the results of the graphics processing may not be displayed on the device, e.g., the first and second display may not receive any frames for presentment thereon. Instead, the frames or graphics processing results may be transferred to another device. In some aspects, this may be referred to as split-rendering.

[0045] The processing unit 120 may include an internal memory 121. The processing unit 120 may be configured to perform graphics processing, such as in a graphics processing pipeline 107. The content encoder / decoder 122 may include an internal memory 123. In some examples, the device 104 may include a display processor, such as the display processor 127, to perform one or more display processing techniques on one or more frames generated by the processing unit 120 before presentment by the one or more displays 131. The display processor 127 may be configured to perform display processing. For example, the display processor 127 may be configured to perform one or more display processing techniques on one or more frames generated by the processing unit 120. The one or more displays 131 may be configured to display or otherwise present frames processed by the display processor129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 10127. In some examples, the one or more displays 131 may include one or more of: a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a projection display device, an augmented reality display device, a virtual reality display device, a head-mounted display, or any other type of display device.

[0046] Memory external to the processing unit 120 and the content encoder / decoder 122, such as system memory 124, may be accessible to the processing unit 120 and the content encoder / decoder 122. For example, the processing unit 120 and the content encoder / decoder 122 may be configured to read from and / or write to external memory, such as the system memory 124. The processing unit 120 and the content encoder / decoder 122 may be communicatively coupled to the system memory 124 over a bus. In some examples, the processing unit 120 and the content encoder / decoder 122 may be communicatively coupled to each other over the bus or a different connection.

[0047] The content encoder / decoder 122 may be configured to receive graphical content from any source, such as the system memory 124 and / or the communication interface 126. The system memory 124 may be configured to store received encoded or decoded graphical content. The content encoder / decoder 122 may be configured to receive encoded or decoded graphical content, e.g., from the system memory 124 and / or the communication interface 126, in the form of encoded pixel data. The content encoder / decoder 122 may be configured to encode or decode any graphical content.

[0048] The internal memory 121 or the system memory 124 may include one or more volatile or non-volatile memories or storage devices. In some examples, internal memory 121 or the system memory 124 may include RAM, SRAM, DRAM, erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, a magnetic data media or an optical storage media, or any other type of memory.

[0049] The internal memory 121 or the system memory 124 may be a non-transitory storage medium according to some examples. The term “non-transitory” may indicate that the storage medium is not embodied in a carrier wave or a propagated signal. However, the term “non-transitory” should not be interpreted to mean that internal memory 121 or the system memory 124 is non-movable or that its contents are static. As one example, the system memory 124 may be removed from the device 104 and moved129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 11 to another device. As another example, the system memory 124 may not be removable from the device 104.

[0050] The processing unit 120 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a general purpose GPU (GPGPU), or any other processing unit that may be configured to perform graphics processing. In some examples, the processing unit 120 may be integrated into a motherboard of the device 104. In some examples, the processing unit 120 may be present on a graphics card that is installed in a port in a motherboard of the device 104, or may be otherwise incorporated within a peripheral device configured to interoperate with the device 104. The processing unit 120 may include one or more processors, such as one or more microprocessors, GPUs, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware, other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry, or any combinations thereof. If the techniques are implemented partially in software, the processing unit 120 may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, e.g., internal memory 121, and may execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of this disclosure. Any of the foregoing, including hardware, software, a combination of hardware and software, etc., may be considered to be one or more processors.

[0051] The content encoder / decoder 122 may be any processing unit configured to perform content decoding. In some examples, the content encoder / decoder 122 may be integrated into a motherboard of the device 104. The content encoder / decoder 122 may include one or more processors, such as one or more microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), video processors, discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware, other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry, or any combinations thereof. If the techniques are implemented partially in software, the content encoder / decoder 122 may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, e.g., internal memory 123, and may execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of this disclosure. Any of the foregoing, including hardware, software, a combination of hardware and software, etc., may be considered to be one or more processors.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 12

[0052] In some aspects, the content generation system 100 may include an optional communication interface 126. The communication interface 126 may include a receiver 128 and a transmitter 130. The receiver 128 may be configured to perform any receiving function described herein with respect to the device 104. Additionally, the receiver 128 may be configured to receive information, e.g., eye or head position information, rendering commands, or location information, from another device. The transmitter 130 may be configured to perform any transmitting function described herein with respect to the device 104. For example, the transmitter 130 may be configured to transmit information to another device, which may include a request for content. The receiver 128 and the transmitter 130 may be combined into a transceiver 132. In such examples, the transceiver 132 may be configured to perform any receiving function and / or transmitting function described herein with respect to the device 104.

[0053] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the processing unit 120 may include a determination component 198 configured to calculate, prior to a calculation of one or more TWT parameters, at least one of a subsequent vertical synchronization (VSync) time, a decode time period, or a frame downlink (DL) time, where the one or more TWT parameters are calculated based on at least one of the subsequent VSync time, the decode time period, or the frame DL time. The determination component 198 may also be configured to calculate one or more TWT parameters associated with a first time period and a second time period. The determination component 198 may also be configured to initialize a TWT synchronization with a server based on the calculated one or more TWT parameters. The determination component 198 may also be configured to transmit, to a server during a first time period, a plurality of head poses associated with a plurality of positions of the client device, the first time period being associated with a downlink (DL) activation time period for at least one previous frame. The determination component 198 may also be configured to receive, from the server during a second time period after the first time period, at least one first frame including first content based on the plurality of head poses, the first time period and the second time period being synchronized with the server, the at least one first frame occurring after the at least one previous frame. The determination component 198 may also be configured to de-packetize, upon receiving the at least one first frame, the at least one first frame including the first content. The determination component 198 may also be configured to decode, upon de-packetizing the at least one first frame,129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 13 the at least one first frame including the first content, where the at least one first frame is de-packetized and decoded during the second time period. The determination component 198 may also be configured to display, upon receiving the at least one first frame during the second time period, the at least one first frame including the first content.

[0054] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the processing unit 120 may include a determination component 198 configured to identify one or more TWT parameters associated with a first time period and a second time period, where the one or more TWT parameters are identified based on at least one of a subsequent VSync time, a decode time period, or a frame downlink (DL) time. The determination component 198 may also be configured to calculate a rendering wait time for at least one first frame based on one or more of at least one previous frame, a predicted rendering time, or a predicted encoding time, the at least one previous frame occurring prior to the at least one first frame. The determination component 198 may also be configured to initiate a timer for the rendering wait time for the at least one first frame, where the first content of the at least one first frame is rendered upon an expiration of the timer. The determination component 198 may also be configured to receive, from a client device during a first time period, a plurality of head poses associated with a plurality of positions of the client device. The determination component 198 may also be configured to read, upon receiving the plurality of head poses, the first content of the at least one first frame based on the plurality of head poses, where the first content is rendered based on the read first content. The determination component 198 may also be configured to render, upon an expiration of the rendering wait time for the at least one first frame, first content of the at least one first frame based on the plurality of head poses. The determination component 198 may also be configured to calculate a current rendering time of the at least one first frame upon rendering the first content of the at least one first frame. The determination component 198 may also be configured to encode, upon rendering the first content of the at least one first frame, the at least one first frame including the first content. The determination component 198 may also be configured to packetize, upon encoding the at least one first frame, the at least one first frame including the first content, where the at least one first frame is encoded and packetized prior to the beginning of the second time period. The determination component 198 may also be configured to transmit, to the client device at a beginning of a second time period after the first time period, the at least one first129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 14 frame including the first content, the first time period and the second time period being synchronized with the client device. Although the following description may be focused on graphics processing, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar processing techniques.

[0055] As described herein, a device, such as the device 104, may refer to any device, apparatus, or system configured to perform one or more techniques described herein. For example, a device may be a server, a base station, user equipment, a client device, a station, an access point, a computer, e.g., a personal computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a computer workstation, or a mainframe computer, an end product, an apparatus, a phone, a smart phone, a server, a video game platform or console, a handheld device, e.g., a portable video game device or a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable computing device, e.g., a smartwatch, an augmented reality device, or a virtual reality device, a non-wearable device, a display or display device, a television, a television set-top box, an intermediate network device, a digital media player, a video streaming device, a content streaming device, an in-car computer, any mobile device, any device configured to generate graphical content, or any device configured to perform one or more techniques described herein. Processes herein may be described as performed by a particular component (e.g., a GPU), but, in further embodiments, may be performed using other components (e.g., a CPU), consistent with disclosed embodiments.

[0056] GPUs may process multiple types of data or data packets in a GPU pipeline. For instance, in some aspects, a GPU may process two types of data or data packets, e.g., context register packets and draw call data. A context register packet may be a set of global state information, e.g., information regarding a global register, shading program, or constant data, which may regulate how a graphics context will be processed. For example, context register packets may include information regarding a color format. In some aspects of context register packets, there may be a bit that indicates which workload belongs to a context register. Also, there may be multiple functions or programming running at the same time and / or in parallel. For example, functions or programming may describe a certain operation, e.g., the color mode or color format. Accordingly, a context register may define multiple states of a GPU.

[0057] Context states may be utilized to determine how an individual processing unit functions, e.g., a vertex fetcher (VFD), a vertex shader (VS), a shader processor, or a geometry processor, and / or in what mode the processing unit functions. In order to do129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 15 so, GPUs may use context registers and programming data. In some aspects, a GPU may generate a workload, e.g., a vertex or pixel workload, in the pipeline based on the context register definition of a mode or state. Certain processing units, e.g., a VFD, may use these states to determine certain functions, e.g., how a vertex is assembled. As these modes or states may change, GPUs may need to change the corresponding context. Additionally, the workload that corresponds to the mode or state may follow the changing mode or state.

[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates an example GPU 200 in accordance with one or more techniques of this disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, GPU 200 includes command processor (CP) 210, draw call packets 212, VFD 220, VS 222, vertex cache (VPC) 224, triangle setup engine (TSE) 226, rasterizer (RAS) 228, Z process engine (ZPE) 230, pixel interpolator (PI) 232, fragment shader (FS) 234, render backend (RB) 236, level 2 (L2) cache (UCHE) 238, and system memory 240. Although FIG. 2 displays that GPU 200 includes processing units 220-238, GPU 200 may include a number of additional processing units. Additionally, processing units 220-238 are merely an example and any combination or order of processing units may be used by GPUs according to the present disclosure. GPU 200 also includes command buffer 250, context register packets 260, and context states 261.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 2, a GPU may utilize a CP, e.g., CP 210, or hardware accelerator to parse a command buffer into context register packets, e.g., context register packets 260, and / or draw call data packets, e.g., draw call packets 212. The CP 210 may then send the context register packets 260 or draw call data packets 212 through separate paths to the processing units or blocks in the GPU. Further, the command buffer 250 may alternate different states of context registers and draw calls. For example, a command buffer may be structured in the following manner: context register of context N, draw call(s) of context N, context register of context N+l, and draw call(s) of context N+l.

[0060] GPUs may render images in a variety of different ways. In some instances, GPUs may render an image using rendering and / or tiled rendering. In tiled rendering GPUs, an image may be divided or separated into different sections or tiles. After the division of the image, each section or tile may be rendered separately. Tiled rendering GPUs may divide computer graphics images into a grid format, such that each portion of the grid, i.e., a tile, is separately rendered. In some aspects, during a binning pass, an image may be divided into different bins or tiles. In some aspects, during the binning129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 16 pass, a visibility stream may be constructed where visible primitives or draw calls may be identified. In contrast to tiled rendering, direct rendering does not divide the frame into smaller bins or tiles. Rather, in direct rendering, the entire frame is rendered at a single time. Additionally, some types of GPUs may allow for both tiled rendering and direct rendering.

[0061] In some aspects of graphics processing, the rendering of content may be performed in multiple locations and / or on multiple devices, e.g., in order to divide the rendering workload between different devices. For example, the rendering may be split between a server and a client device, which may be referred to as “split rendering.” In some instances, split rendering may be a method for bringing content to client devices, where a portion of the graphics processing may be performed outside of the client device, e.g., at a server. In some aspects, the server may be at least one of a phone, a smart phone, a computer, or a cloud server. Further, the client device may be at least one of a headset, a head mounted display (HMD), display glasses, or smart glasses.

[0062] Split rendering may be performed for a number of different types of applications, e.g., virtual reality (VR) applications, AR applications, and / or XR applications. In VR applications, the content displayed at the client device may correspond to man-made or animated content. In AR or XR content, a portion of the content displayed at the client device may correspond to real-world content, e.g., objects in the real world, and a portion of the content may be man-made or animated content. Also, the man-made or animated content and real-world content may be displayed in an optical see-through or a video see-through device, such that the user may view real -world objects and man-made or animated content simultaneously. In some aspects, man-made or animated content may be referred to as augmented content, or vice versa.

[0063] Split XR or AR systems may also introduce latency when delivering the rendered content to the client display. In some aspects, this latency may be even higher when rendering occurs on a server than compared to client rendering, but it can also enable more complex XR or AR applications. In addition, there may be non-negligible latency between the time a camera pose is computed and the time the content appears on the client display. For instance, a certain amount of latency may be present in split XR or AR systems.

[0064] FIG. 3 illustrates diagram 300 including communication of content / data in accordance with a split rendering process. As shown in FIG. 3, diagram 300 includes server 310 and client device 350 associated with the split rendering process. FIG. 3 shows a129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 17 number of processes that are performed at the server 310 and the client device 350 including an encoding process 320, a packetization process 330, a de-packetization process 370, and a decoding process 380. Server 310 and client device 350 also include a transmission component 340 and a reception component 360, respectively.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 3, on the server 310, data / content associated with images / frames may be encoded during encoding process 320. After encoding process 320, the data / content may then undergo a packetization process 330, e.g., a real-time transport protocol (RTP) packetization process. During the packetization process, the data / content may be converted to one or more frames 342. The frames 342 may then be transmitted from the transmission component 340 of server 310 to the reception component 360 of client device 350. In some instances, the frames may be transmitted via a user datagram protocol (UDP) internet protocol (IP) (UDP / IP) network protocol. On the client device 350, the frames 342 may be received via the reception component 360, e.g., received via a UDP / IP network protocol. The frames 342 may also undergo a de-packetization process 370, e.g., a real-time transport protocol (RTP) depacketization process, which may convert the data packets into data / content. After de- packetization, the data / content may be decoded during decoding process 380. Finally, the decoded data / content may be sent to a display or HMD of client device 350 for display of the data / content.

[0066] As indicated above, aspects of graphics processing may deal with rendering or displaying different types of content, e.g., VR content, XR, or AR content. The content may be rendered or created on a server, e.g., a computer or phone. To display this content, users may utilize different types of headsets or display glasses, which may be referred to as a client device. In some instances, when a user wants to use XR glasses for a long duration in the absence of a charging facility, it is desirable to save power at the server or client device. Also, when the battery of either the client device or the server is getting low (i.e., beyond a threshold percentage decided by the user) it is desirable to save power at the server or client device. Moreover, if a user wants to extent battery life voluntarily, then it is desirable to save power at the server or client device and provide a long battery life to either device.

[0067] In split rendering applications, content may be rendered on servers and encoded / streamed to XR-based HMDs over Wi-Fi. As indicated above, split rendering means the XR workload may be split between two devices, i.e., the host / server and the client / HMD. For example, one use case is a smartphone connected to HMD / AR129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 18 glasses. AR glasses may not have high processing capabilities, and heat dissipation may be an issue if all the processing is performed on the client / glasses. Accordingly, it is beneficial to split the rendering between the server and the client device.

[0068] In one aspect, a pose (e.g., a six degree of freedom (6DOF) pose) may be generated on the client device. The client / HMD may send the 6DOF pose data to the server via an uplink connection. An application or game may then render the content using the transmitted 6DOF pose on the server / phone. Also, the encoding of rendered content may occur on the server / phone. The encoded and compressed bit stream may then be transmitted from the server / phone to the HMD / client via a downlink connection. After this, video decoding and time warp processing may be performed on the HMD / client using the latest 6DOF pose. Finally, the HMD / client may display the re-projected content.

[0069] FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram 400 of an example timeline of a split rendering process. More specifically, FIG. 4 shows a diagram 400 of a timeline of different processing steps at a server (e.g., phone, smart phone, or computer) and a client device (e.g., headset, HMD, or smart glasses). For instance, a client device may transmit a number of poses 410 (e.g., head poses) to the server. The server may then render content for a frame at render process 420, as well as encode the frame at encode process 430. Also, the server may transmit the frame to the client device via downlink (DL) 440. After receiving the frame, the client device may decode the frame at decode process 450. FIG. 4 also shows a vertical synchronization (VSync) 460 that is associated with each of the transmissions.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 4, head pose data may be transmitted from the client device to the server via uplink (UL) at a high rate (e.g., 500 Hz) and / or a low latency. The client device (e.g., HMD / glasses) may be unaware of the rendering start time on the server (e.g., phone). The rendering of the first frame on the server may start at an arbitrary time using the latest pose followed by the rendering of future frames at a preconfigured frames-per-second (fps) rate. A rendering thread may render frames as fast as a GPU allows without any wait time, and in order to limit the fps, the wait time may be added at the end of each rendering. Also, the rendering thread may sleep until the wait time before starting the rendering for the next frame. Further, upon rendering, each rendered frame may be immediately queued for encoding. Once the encoding is completed, encoded frames may be packetized and transmitted (via downlink) at an arbitrary time (e.g., the post-rendering time plus the encode time). In some example,129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 19 a Wi-Fi modem may be always “on” so that the pose and frames may be transmitted with a minimum latency.

[0071] Some aspects of split rendering may utilize a number of different features, such as a TWT and a TSF. The TWT feature may allow a modem / radio frequency (RF) to be switched on at a fixed cadence and for a known service period. This TWT feature may be utilized to save power on the server and the client device. While TWT may ensure a power reduction on the modem side, the selection of TWT parameters may influence XR performance, such as the latency and frame reuse (i.e., judder). In some instances, the TWT feature may allow UL (pose) data and DL (rendered + encoded) frame data to be aligned with a TWT service period (On Period), i.e., the transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) on the client device and the server may happen simultaneously. When data is transmitted simultaneously within the same service period, it may provide the modem a chance to sleep for a certain time, which may reduce power and thermal issues. In some Wi-Fi scenarios, each STA may have a timer synchronized with a timing synchronized function (TSF), e.g., associated with a service access point (SAP). Additionally, early termination may allow a service period to be terminated early on detection of inactivity of DL / UL data. Early termination processes may include an EOSP. For example, the ESOP may terminate a service interval (i.e., transition the service interval from an “on” period to an “off’ period). Wi-Fi TWT may allow a modem to turn on and off at a defined cadence. TWT may also support early termination, such as if data is not present for transmission for a defined time period, the modem may turn off.

[0072] FIGs. 5A, 5B, and 5C illustrate diagrams 500, 550, and 570, respectively, of example timelines of split rendering processes. More specifically, FIG. 5A shows a diagram 500 of a split rendering timeline including DL data 510, UL data 512, EOSP 530, EOSP 532, as well as latency in the service period. FIG. 5A depicts a problem with unsynchronized UL / DL data with an optimized transmission. For instance, FIG. 5A illustrates when UL / DL data is too far ahead with respect to the start of a service period. As shown in FIG. 5 A, the data transmission may start when the service period is opened. Once the data transmission is completed, the TWT window may be early terminated, as indicated by EOSP 530 and EOSP 532. As shown in FIG. 5A, in this case, additional latencies may be added.

[0073] FIG. 5B shows a diagram 550 of a split rendering timeline including DL data 560, UL data 562, EOSP 564, as well as a delay in the service period. FIG. 5B depicts another129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 20 problem with unsynchronized UL / DL data with an optimize transmission. For instance, FIG. 5B illustrates when UL / DL data is too late with respect to the start of a service period. As shown in FIG. 5B, the data transmission may start if the service period is not early terminated. Once data transmission is completed, the TWT window may be early terminated, as indicated by EOSP 564. As shown in FIG. 5B, in this case, power consumption may be increased as a modem may not get a chance to turn off. In cases where the service period is early terminated before queuing the data, the data transmission may start in the next service period, which may add a delay or latency.

[0074] FIG. 5C shows a diagram 570 of a split rendering timeline including DL data 580, UL data 582, DL data 584, UL data 586, EOSP 590, EOSP 592. FIG. 5C depicts synchronized UL / DL data and TWT service periods. Unlike FIGs. 5A and 5B, FIG. 5C does not have any latencies or delays, as the UL / DL data is synchronized at the start of the TWT service period. FIG. 5C illustrates a scenario where UL and DL data are queued at the start of the service period, data transmission is completed, and the service period is terminated. This may provide the modem an opportunity to sleep for a maximum possible time, as well as reduced power and thermal results.

[0075] FIGs. 6A and 6B illustrates diagrams 600 and 650, respectively, of example timelines of a split rendering process. More specifically, FIG. 6A shows a diagram 600 of a split rendering timeline including DL 610, decode process 620, VSync 630, and TWT service period 640 (including a service period (SP) start time and an SP end time). FIG. 6B shows a diagram 650 of a split rendering timeline including DL 660, decode process 670, VSync 680, and TWT service period 690 (including an SP start time and an SP end time). As shown in FIG. 6 A, if a decode out occurs at a time greater than a half VSync time (’A VSync), the decoded frame may not be displayed in the next immediate VSync. As shown in FIG. 6B, if a decode out occurs too early before a half VSync time, this may add a latency.

[0076] In some aspects, in split rendering, content is rendered on a powerful device (e.g., a smartphone), then encoded and streamed to an XR-based HMD over Wi-Fi. The term “split rendering” means the XR workload is split between two devices: the host and the HMD. The use case includes a smartphone connected to an HMD or AR glasses. AR glasses typically do not have high processing capabilities, and heat dissipation may be an issue if all the processing is done on the glasses. FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of XR phone and glass split rendering functional split. In FIG.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 217, content is rendered (e.g., at 712) on an XR phone 702 (e.g., a smartphone), then encoded (e.g., at 714) and streamed to an XR-based HMD 704 over Wi-Fi.

[0077] The problem is on power optimization in split rendering. In some examples, the wireless AR glasses (e.g., 704) need to have a sleek and lightweight form factor, which poses battery consumption and thermal dissipation challenges. One of the key contributors to power consumption on AR glasses (e.g., 704) is wireless transmission. Power saving can be realized by traffic shaping of the uplink and downlink transmissions between the phone (e.g., 702) and the glasses (e.g., 704). However, this approach could result in higher latency and visual quality issues if the synchronization with real-time XR processing is not performed.

[0078] In some aspects, the first concept involves optimized pose transmission schemes with the TWT. FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example of optimized pose transmission schemes in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the pose-to-render latency increases if rendering starts at a time far from the pose reception time, as shown in FIG. 8. In the proposed solution, pose streaming, rendering and encode times will be predicted to align pose transmission for optimized motion-to-render-to-phone (M2R2P) latencies. The following scenarios explain the pose transmission schemes with TWT. As shown in FIG. 8, the first scenario is “Pose at End” (e.g., 810), where pose is received (e.g., at 812) towards the end of TWT SP (e.g., at 814) when the rendering start (e.g., 816) is falling within an OFF TWT SP (e.g., 818). The second scenario is “Pose at Start” (e.g., 820), where pose is received (e.g., at 822) towards the start of TWT SP (e.g., 824), which is applicable in cases of network jitter to avoid any delays or missed pose data in the third scenario, “Pose in Time.” The third scenario is “Pose in Time” (e.g., 830), where pose is received (e.g., at 832) before the predicted rendering start time (e.g., 836), and the rendering start is falling in an ON TWT SP (e.g., 834). The measured latency reduction may be approximately 3 ms.

[0079] In some aspects, the second concept involves the sequence of uplink versus downlink transmissions. Wi-Fi is half-duplex technology. Once an uplink transmission starts, the downlink will not get access to the medium until at least one physical protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission of the uplink is completed, and vice versa. There are certain scenarios where it is beneficial to send uplink first or downlink first for optimized latencies. FIG. 9A is a diagram 900 illustrating an example of an uplink- first transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 22 shown in FIG. 9A, the uplink-first (STA-to-SAP) transmission is suitable when higher priority uplink data (e.g., at 902), compared to downlink data (e.g., at 904), is needed to be transmitted at the start of service interval (SI) (e.g., TST SP ON at 906). FIG. 9B is a diagram 950 illustrating an example of a downlink-first transmission in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9B, the downlink-first (SAP-to-STA) transmission is desired when higher priority downlink data (e.g., at 952), compared to uplink data (e.g., at 954), is needed to be transmitted at the start of SI (e.g., TST SP ON at 956). In some examples, the expected latency reduction may be half of the SP.

[0080] FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating examples of uplink and downlink data transmissions in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10, in some aspects, examples of high-priority data include uplink pose transmissions (e.g., 1002), which may be needed at the start of SI (e.g., TWT SP 1010) or towards the end of the SI (e.g., TWT SP 1010) as per the first concept, and camera frames uplink data transmission (e.g., 1004) for artificial intelligence (Al) processing. In some aspects, the downlink and uplink data can be ordered as per the latency conditions. For example, the position of pose within an uplink transmission can be adjusted to minimize latency, as shown in FIG. 10. In some examples, the expected latency reduction may be 1 - 2 ms for multiple use cases.

[0081] In some aspects, the third concept involves the dynamic determination of closing the TWT SP. An early termination is a scheme in Wi-Fi used with TWT to terminate a window when there is no Wi-Fi activity or data transmission for a certain duration. As Wi-Fi is not fully aware of traffic generated at the split XR framework side, it results in higher timeouts and erroneous terminations of traffic in case of software delays.

[0082] In some examples, a smaller TWT SP may result in incomplete transmissions and frame repeats, while a higher SP will result in increased power consumption. The application triggered early termination helps in improving power savings by terminating the window just in time and improves user experience by avoiding erroneous terminations of traffic and saving power.

[0083] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of early terminations of a TWT SP in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, in the “UL first” scenarios, where the STA transmits to the SAP, on the completion of downlink transmission (e.g., 1102), the SAP may locally send a traffic end indication129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 23(once all transmit queues are empty) to the Wi-Fi for going to a low power state. On the STA side, if the STA is aware of complete downlink data, it will indicate traffic end to the Wi-Fi on reception of complete downlink data (e.g., 1102). Otherwise, the SAP can transmit a specialized packet, which indicates the end of traffic to the STA side. In the “DL first” scenario, where the SAP transmits to the STA, on the completion of uplink transmission (e.g., 1112), the STA may locally send a traffic end indication (once all transmit queues are empty) to the Wi-Fi for going to a low power state. On the SAP side, if the SAP is aware of complete uplink data (e.g., 1112), it will indicate traffic end to the Wi-Fi on reception of complete uplink data. Otherwise, the STA can transmit a specialized packet which indicates the end of traffic to the SAP side.

[0084] FIG. 12A is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example flowchart for early termination indications in the “UL first” scenario. FIG. 12B is a diagram 1250 illustrating another example flowchart for early termination indications in the “DL first” scenario. In some examples, the expected power savings may be a minimum of 10 - 20 milliwatts (mW).

[0085] In some aspects, the forth concept involves a clustering barrier to improve power savings. FIG. 13 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example of a split rendering use case for a four-stream application. The four streams may include the streams corresponding to the left (e.g., 1302), right (e.g., 1304), left depth (e.g., 1306), and right depth (e.g., 1308). As shown in FIG. 13, the start of rendering is controlled by RSync, which makes sure that all four encoded frames (e.g., 1302, 1304, 1306, 1308) are available before the start of the TWT service period. All the audio data which is captured at the current time will be transmitted at the start of the SP. But the completion of the encoding for all four streams are happening at different time intervals. On the completion of the encoding, the data is written to a socket, which writes it to the Wi-Fi firmware. Each write to the Wi-Fi firmware results in peripheral component interconnect express (PCIE) and other subsystems wakeup, which results in higher power consumption.

[0086] In some aspects, software clustering barriers are introduced, which makes sure that no write is happening to Wi-Fi until all four video streams, audio streams, and any other downlink data is received, which is intended to be transferred for a given service period. As all these data will be written at once, it will result in a single PPDU as well as there will not be any intermediate wakeups at the Wi-Fi layer. This helps in129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 24 improving power savings. In some examples, the expected power saving may be a minimum of 10-20 mW.

[0087] In some aspects, the clustering barrier may be integrated with the TWT. In some examples, the Wi-Fi TWT implementation can be modified to avoid all intermediate wakeups when there is data write happening in off periods of TWT. Once SP is started, all these data can be written to the Wi-Fi firmware, resulting in a single PPDU and lowering power consumption. FIG. 14 is a diagram 1400 illustrating an example of the integration of the clustering barriers with the TWT in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 15 is a diagram 1500 illustrating an example of the integration of the clustering barriers with the TWT in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0088] FIG. 16 is a diagram 1600 illustrating examples of traffic scheduling in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0089] The benefits of the concepts may include the followings: In the first concept, an optimized pose transmission scheme will help to reduce the pose-to-render latency, which helps in improving the overall user experience. The second concept reduces latencies for different use cases, and helps to achieve better control of transmission times. For example, this concept complements the first concept by allowing the pose to be transmitted at the desired time for optimized latencies. The ordering further helps in granular level performance improvement. The third concept helps in increased power savings and allows the TWT window to be ON for an optimal amount of time, reduces frame repeats, and improves user experience. The fourth concept helps reducing power consumption by avoiding spurious wakeups in the OFF periods of TWT. As indicated above, aspects herein may utilize various techniques related to aligning target wakeup times (TWTs) for power saving purposes and latency reduction. The techniques include aligning a rendering start / end time with an on / off TWT service period (SP), flexible closing of TWT service periods, and / or clustering TWT SP to avoid all intermediate wakeups when there is data write occurring in off periods of TWT, etc.

[0090] FIG. 17 is a call flow diagram 1700 illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of this present disclosure. Various aspects are described in connection with a client device and a server. For example, the client device may be a UE 1702, and the server may be a base station 1704. The aspects may be performed by the UE 1702 or the base station 1704 in aggregation and / or by one129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 25 or more components of a base station 1704 (e.g., a CU, a DU, and / or an RU). In some examples, the UE 1702 may include or be associated with an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model 1750.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 17, at 1710, the UE 1702 may estimate the start time of the rendering. For example, the UE 1702 may estimate the start time of the rendering using the AI / ML model 1750.

[0092] At 1712, the UE 1702 may determine a transmit time within a first time period based on the start time of the rendering. The UE 1702 may transmit the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 at the transmit time in the first time period (e.g., at 1716).

[0093] In some examples, when determining the transmit time, if the start time of the rendering is located outside of the first time period, the UE 1702 may set the transmit time to be at an end of the first time period. In some examples, if the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period, the UE 1702 may set the transmit time to be at the beginning of the first time period. In some examples, if the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period, the UE 1702 may set the transmit time to be in the first time period preceding the start time.

[0094] In some examples, the first time period may be one time period in a set of time periods, and each time period of the set of time periods may include an uplink period and a downlink period. In that case, at 1714, the UE 1702 may determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods. In some examples, when determining the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period, if the priority of uplink data is higher than the priority of downlink data, the UE 1702 may set the uplink period to precede the downlink period. On the other hand, if the priority of uplink data is lower than or equal to the priority of downlink data, the UE 1702 may set the downlink period to precede the uplink period. In some examples, the UE 1702 may determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period based on the latency condition associated with uplink data or downlink data.

[0095] At 1716, the UE 1702 may transmit the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 to the base station 1704. For example, the UE 1702 may transmit the information to the base station 1704 according to the relative order (e.g., at 1714).

[0096] In some examples, the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 may include a plurality of poses including a set of coordinates corresponding to the129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 26 position of the UE 1702 (e.g., 1740). In some examples, the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 may include camera frame information corresponding to the position of the UE 1702 (e.g., 1742). In some examples, the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 may include tracking information corresponding to the position of the UE 1702 (e.g., 1744).

[0097] At 1718, the base station 1704 may render and encode the information associated with the position of the UE 1702 to generate at least one first frame. In some examples, the at least one first frame may be associated with an XR application.

[0098] In some examples, at 1720, the base station 1704 may transmit the at least one first frame to the UE 1702 during a second time period of the set of time periods. The first time period and the second time period may be synchronized with the UE 1702.

[0099] At 1722, the UE 1702 may display the at least one first frame based on the reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period.

[0100] At 1724, the UE 1702 may terminate at least one time period of the set of time periods at the termination time before the scheduled end of the at least one time period.

[0101] On the server side, in some examples, at 1730, the base station 1704 may cluster additional information associated with the XR application and the at least one frame into clustered data associated with the XR application. In some examples, the additional information may include one or more video streams associated with the XR application. In some examples, the additional information may include an audio stream associated with the application.

[0102] At 1732, the base station 1704 may communicate, using a single physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the clustered data associated with the XR application during the second time period of the set of time periods.

[0103] In some examples, if the delay of the additional information exceeds a time threshold, the base station 1704 may, at 1734, postpone the transmission of the clustered data to a third time period of the set of time periods after the second period.

[0104] FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a client device in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by the client device in coordination with a server. The client device may be a UE, such as UE 1702. The server may be a base station, such as base station 1704, or a component of the base station 1704. Various aspects of the methods performed by the client device and the server in flowchart 1800 may be illustrated by129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 27 the respective operations of the UE 1702 and base station 1704 in call flow diagram 1700.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 18, at 1802, the client device may transmit, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device.

[0106] At 1804, the client device may receive, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, where the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server.

[0107] At 1806, the client device may display the at least one first frame based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period.

[0108] FIG. 19 is a flowchart 1900 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a client device in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by the client device in coordination with a server. The client device may be a UE, such as UE 1702. The server may be a base station, such as base station 1704, or a component of the base station 1704. Various aspects of the methods performed by the client device and the server in flowchart 1900 may be illustrated by the respective operations of the UE 1702 and base station 1704 in call flow diagram 1700.

[0109] As shown in FIG. 19, at 1908, the client device may transmit, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device.

[0110] At 1910, the client device may receive, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, where the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server.[OHl] At 1912, the client device may display the at least one first frame based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period.

[0112] In some aspects, the information associated with the position of the client device includes one or more of a plurality of poses comprising a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

[0113] In some aspects, the at least one first frame is based on the rendering of the information on the server.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 28

[0114] In some aspects, at 1904, the client device may determine, based on a start time of the rendering, a transmit time within the first time period, and the client device may transmit, at the transmit time in the first time period, the information associated with the position of the client device.

[0115] In some aspects, at 1902, the client device may estimate the start time of the rendering using an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model.

[0116] In some aspects, to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the client device may set the transmit time to be at the end of the first time period if the start time of the rendering is located outside of the first time period.

[0117] In some aspects, to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the client device may set the transmit time to be at the beginning of the first time period if the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period.

[0118] In some aspects, to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the client device may set the transmit time to be in the first time period preceding the start time if the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period.

[0119] In some aspects, each time period of the set of time periods may include an uplink period and a downlink period, and the client device may, at 1906, determine a relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods.

[0120] In some aspects, to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the client device may set the uplink period to precede the downlink period if the priority of uplink data is higher than the priority of downlink data.

[0121] In some aspects, to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the client device may set the downlink period to precede the uplink period if the priority of uplink data is lower than or equal to the priority of downlink data.

[0122] In some aspects, to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the client device may determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period based on the latency condition associated with uplink data or downlink data.

[0123] In some aspects, at 1914, the client device may terminate at least one time period of the set of time periods at a termination time before a scheduled end of the at least one time period.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 29

[0124] In some aspects, the uplink period precedes the downlink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the client device may receive an early termination packet indicating a completion of a downlink data transmission; and terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0125] In some aspects, the downlink period precedes the uplink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the client device may transmit, to the server, an early termination packet indicating a completion of an uplink data transmission; and terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0126] FIG. 20 is a flowchart 2000 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a server in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a server in coordination with a client device. The client device may be a UE, such as UE 1702. The server may be a base station, such as base station 1704, or a component of the base station 1704. Various aspects of the methods performed by the client device and the server in flowchart 2000 may be illustrated by the respective operations of the UE 1702 and base station 1704 in call flow diagram 1700.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 20, at 2002, the server may receive, from a client device during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with the position of the client device.

[0128] At 2004, the server may render and encode the information associated with the position of the client device to generate at least one first frame.

[0129] At 2006, the server may transmit, to the client device during a second time period of the set of time periods, the at least one first frame. The first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the client device.

[0130] FIG. 21 is a flowchart 2100 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a server in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a server in coordination with a client device. The client device may be a UE, such as UE 1702. The server may be a base station, such as base station 1704, or a component of the base station 1704. Various aspects of the methods performed by the client device and the server in flowchart 2100 may be illustrated by the respective operations of the UE 1702 and base station 1704 in call flow diagram 1700.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 30

[0131] As shown in FIG. 21, at 2102, the server may receive, from a client device during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with the position of the client device.

[0132] At 2104, the server may render and encode the information associated with the position of the client device to generate at least one first frame.

[0133] At 2106, the server may transmit, to the client device during a second time period of the set of time periods, the at least one first frame. The first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the client device.

[0134] In some aspects, the information associated with the position of the client device includes one or more of a plurality of poses including a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

[0135] In some aspects, the at least one first frame is based on the rendering of the information on the server.

[0136] In some aspects, to receive the information associated with the position of the client device, the server may receive, at the transmit time in the first time period, the information associated with the position of the client device. The transmit time may be based on the start time of the rendering.

[0137] In some aspects, the start time of the rendering is located outside of the first time period, and the transmit time is at the end of the first time period.

[0138] In some aspects, the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period, and the transmit time is at the beginning of the first time period.

[0139] In some aspects, the start time of the rendering is located within the first time period, and the transmit time in the first time period preceding the start time.

[0140] In some aspects, each time period of the set of time periods may include an uplink period and a downlink period, and the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods may be based on the priority of uplink data and the priority of downlink data.

[0141] In some aspects, the server may terminate at least one time period of the set of time periods at the termination time before the scheduled end of the at least one time period.

[0142] In some aspects, the uplink period precedes the downlink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the server may transmit, to the client device, an early129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 31 termination packet indicating a completion of a downlink data transmission; and terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0143] In some aspects, the downlink period precedes the uplink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the server may receive, from the client device, an early termination packet indicating a completion of an uplink data transmission; and terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0144] In some aspects, the at least one first frame may be associated with an XR application, and the server may, at 2108, cluster additional information associated with the XR application and the at least one frame into clustered data associated with the XR application; and, at 2110, communicate, using a single physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the clustered data associated with the XR application during the second time period of the set of time periods.

[0145] In some aspects, the additional information includes one or more of one or more video streams associated with the XR application, or an audio stream associated with the application.

[0146] In some aspects, at 2112, the server may postpone the transmission of the clustered data to a third time period of the set of time periods after the second period if the delay of the additional information has exceeded a time threshold.

[0147] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0148] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,”129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 32 and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 33 known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

[0149] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.

[0150] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0151] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a client device. The method includes transmitting, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; receiving, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, wherein the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server; and displaying, based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period, the at least one first frame.

[0152] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the information associated with the position of the client device comprises one or more of a plurality of poses comprising a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

[0153] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 2, wherein the at least one first frame is based on a rendering of the information on the server.

[0154] Aspect 4 is the method of aspect 3, wherein the method further includes determining, based on a start time of the rendering, a transmit time within the first time period, wherein transmitting the information associated with the position of the client device comprises transmitting, at the transmit time in the first time period, the information associated with the position of the client device.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 34

[0155] Aspect 5 is the method of aspect 4, wherein the method further includes estimating the start time of the rendering using an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model.

[0156] Aspect 6 is the method of aspect 4, wherein determining the transmit time within the first time period comprises setting, in response to the start time of the rendering located outside of the first time period, the transmit time to be at an end of the first time period.

[0157] Aspect 7 is the method of aspect 4, wherein determining the transmit time within the first time period comprises setting, in response to the start time of the rendering located within the first time period, the transmit time to be at a beginning of the first time period.

[0158] Aspect 8 is the method of aspect 4, wherein determining the transmit time within the first time period comprises setting, in response to the start time of the rendering located within the first time period, the transmit time to be in the first time period preceding the start time.

[0159] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein each time period of the set of time periods includes an uplink period and a downlink period, and the method further includes determining a relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods.

[0160] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, wherein determining the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods comprises setting, in response to a priority of uplink data being higher than the priority of downlink data, the uplink period to precede the downlink period.

[0161] Aspect 11 is the method of aspect 9, wherein determining the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods comprises setting, in response to a priority of uplink data being lower than or equal to the priority of downlink data, the downlink period to precede the uplink period.

[0162] Aspect 12 is the method of aspect 9, wherein determining the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods comprises determining, based on a latency condition associated with uplink data or downlink data, the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period.

[0163] Aspect 13 is the method of aspect 9, wherein the method further includes terminating at least one time period of the set of time periods at a termination time before a scheduled end of the at least one time period.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 35

[0164] Aspect 14 is the method of aspect 13, wherein the uplink period precedes the downlink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and wherein terminating the at least one time period of the set of time periods comprises receiving an early termination packet indicating a completion of a downlink data transmission; and terminating, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0165] Aspect 15 is the method of aspect 13, wherein the downlink period precedes the uplink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and wherein terminating the at least one time period of the set of time periods comprises transmitting, to the server, an early termination packet indicating a completion of an uplink data transmission; and terminating, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

[0166] Aspect 16 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a client device, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 1 to 15.

[0167] Aspect 17 is the apparatus for wireless communication at a client device, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 1 to 15.

[0168] Aspect 18 is an apparatus of any of aspects 16 to 17, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 1 to 15.

[0169] Aspect 19 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium) storing computer executable code at a client device, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform the method of any of aspects 1 to 15.

[0170] Aspect 20 is a method of wireless communication at a server. The method includes receiving, from a client device during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; rendering and encoding the information associated with the position of the client device to generate at least one first frame; and transmitting, to the client device during a second time period of the set of time periods, the at least one first frame, wherein the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the client device.

[0171] Aspect 21 is the method of aspect 20, wherein the information associated with the position of the client device comprises one or more of a plurality of poses comprising129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 36 a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

[0172] Aspect 22 is the method of aspect 20, wherein the at least one first frame is associated with an extended reality (XR) application, and the method further includes clustering additional information associated with the XR application and the at least one first frame into clustered data associated with the XR application; and transmitting, using a single physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the clustered data associated with the XR application during the second time period of the set of time periods.

[0173] Aspect 23 is the method of aspect 22, wherein the additional information includes one or more of one or more video streams associated with the XR application, or an audio stream associated with the application.

[0174] Aspect 24 is the method of aspect 22, wherein the method further includes postponing, in response to a delay of the additional information exceeding a time threshold, a transmission of the clustered data to a third time period of the set of time periods after the second period.

[0175] Aspect 25 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a server, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, where the at least one processor is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 20 to 24.

[0176] Aspect 26 is the apparatus for wireless communication at a server, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 20 to 24.

[0177] Aspect 27 is an apparatus of any of aspects 25 to 26, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 20 to 24.

[0178] Aspect 28 is a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium) storing computer executable code at a server, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to perform the method of any of aspects 20 to 24.129025-2501W001

Claims

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 37CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a client device, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to: transmit, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; receive, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, wherein the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server; and display, based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period, the at least one first frame.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to transmit the information associated with the position of the client device, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the information associated with the position of the client device via the transceiver, wherein the information associated with the position of the client device comprises one or more of: a plurality of poses comprising a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one first frame is based on a rendering of the information on the server.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 38 determine, based on a start time of the rendering, a transmit time within the first time period, wherein to transmit the information associated with the position of the client device, the at least one processor is configured to: transmit, at the transmit time in the first time period, the information associated with the position of the client device.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: estimate the start time of the rendering using an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the at least one processor is configured to: set, in response to the start time of the rendering located outside of the first time period, the transmit time to be at an end of the first time period.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the at least one processor is configured to: set, in response to the start time of the rendering located within the first time period, the transmit time to be at a beginning of the first time period.

8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein to determine the transmit time within the first time period, the at least one processor is configured to: set, in response to the start time of the rendering located within the first time period, the transmit time to be in the first time period preceding the start time.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each time period of the set of time periods includes an uplink period and a downlink period, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: determine a relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods.129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 3910. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the at least one processor is configured to: set, in response to a priority of uplink data being higher than the priority of downlink data, the uplink period to precede the downlink period.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the at least one processor is configured to: set, in response to a priority of uplink data being lower than or equal to the priority of downlink data, the downlink period to precede the uplink period.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to determine the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period for each time period of the set of time periods, the at least one processor is configured to: determine, based on a latency condition associated with uplink data or downlink data, the relative order of the uplink period and the downlink period.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: terminate at least one time period of the set of time periods at a termination time before a scheduled end of the at least one time period.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the uplink period precedes the downlink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and wherein to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the at least one processor is configured to: receive an early termination packet indicating a completion of a downlink data transmission; and129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 40 terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the downlink period precedes the uplink period for the at least one time period of the set of time periods, and wherein to terminate the at least one time period of the set of time periods, the at least one processor is configured to: transmit, to the server, an early termination packet indicating a completion of an uplink data transmission; and terminate, based on the early termination packet, the at least one time period of the set of time periods.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a server, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to: receive, from a client device during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; render and encode the information associated with the position of the client device to generate at least one first frame; and transmit, to the client device during a second time period of the set of time periods, the at least one first frame, wherein the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the client device.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to receive the information associated with the position of the client device, the at least one processor is configured to receive the information associated with the position of the client device via the transceiver, wherein the information associated with the position of the client device comprises one or more of: a plurality of poses comprising a set of coordinates corresponding to the position of the client device, camera frame information corresponding to the position of the client device, or129025-2501W001Qualcomm Ref. No. 2408176WO 41 tracking information corresponding to the position of the client device.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one first frame is associated with an extended reality (XR) application, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to: cluster additional information associated with the XR application and the at least one first frame into clustered data associated with the XR application; and communicate, using a single physical protocol data unit (PPDU), the clustered data associated with the XR application during the second time period of the set of time periods.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the additional information includes one or more of one or more video streams associated with the XR application, or an audio stream associated with the XR application.

20. A method of wireless communication at a client device, comprising: transmitting, to a server during a first time period of a set of time periods, information associated with a position of the client device; receiving, from the server during a second time period of the set of time periods, at least one first frame based on the information, wherein the first time period and the second time period are synchronized with the server; and displaying, based on reception of the at least one first frame during the second time period, the at least one first frame.129025-2501W001

Images