Multi-bullet ammunition round for small arms

Abstract

The invention relates to multi-bullet ammunition rounds for small arms, comprising a bottlenecked case having a primer, a powder charge, and at least two bullets which are arranged one behind the other in the case. The bullets comprise a head portion, a bearing portion, and a base having a recess. The foremost bullet is anchored in the neck of the case, and the head portion of each subsequent bullet is introduced into the recess in the base of the preceding bullet such that the mating surfaces of the bullets are brought into contact. The subsequent bullets are installed in the case such as to be capable of movement limited by the contact of the base of the rearmost bullet with the bottom of the case, and a portion of the powder charge is located in the recess of the base of the rearmost bullet. Between the surface of the head portion of a subsequent bullet and the surface of the base of the preceding bullet, a compartment is formed which is designed to accumulate powder gas upon acceleration of the bullets in the barrel of a small arm when it is fired. The invention provides increased efficiency when shooting at small moving targets in the air as a result of the increased quantity of bullets in the round, and allows for shooting from air into water at underwater targets when supercavitating bullets are used.

Description

[0001] MULTI-BULLET AMMUNITION FOR SMALL ARMS Field of technology

[0002] The invention relates to multi-bullet ammunition for small arms, containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case with a primer, a propellant charge and a set of bullets.

[0003] Prior art

[0004] The widespread interest in hunting and shooting sports necessitates the development of multi-bullet ammunition with a set of bullets that increases the effectiveness of shooting from sporting, hunting, and small arms at small moving targets in the air and enables shooting from the air into water at underwater moving targets.

[0005] A cavitating core (bullet) for firearm ammunition designed for firing from air into water, in water, and in air is known (see patents RU 2722891 C1 dated June 4, 2020, IPC F42B 10 / 42, or US 12,163,769 B2 dated December 10, 2024, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US12163769B2 / en). However, a single cavitating bullet or projectile is used in this type of universal ammunition.

[0006] A projectile device with cavitating projectiles for underwater artillery fire is known (see patent RU 218 157 U1 dated May 12, 2023, IPC F41C 9 / 06, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU218157U1 / ru). However, in this device, the cavitating projectiles are mounted parallel to the firing line, which allows for its use in large-caliber artillery, but does not allow for use in multi-bullet small arms ammunition.

[0007] A known ammunition system consists of a set of bullets in which the tip of the rear bullet is installed in the base recess of the front bullet (see US Patent 926,431 A, dated June 29, 1909, IPC F42B 5 / 03, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US926431A / en). In this ammunition, the bullets have different geometries, masses, and flight trajectories, and the mating of the tip of the rear bullet and the base recess of the front bullet does not provide for separation of the bullets in the event of their deformation during acceleration in the barrel of a small arms firearm.

[0008] The two-bullet 7.62x51mm Duplex "M198" ammunition is known from the literature. It is designed to increase the effectiveness of shooting at a distance of up to 200 m (see G. A. Danilin, V. P. Ogorodnikov, A. B. Zavolotin. Fundamentals of Designing Cartridges for Small Arms. Publisher: St. Petersburg, 2005, ISBN 5-85546-139-4, pp. 67-68). The increased effectiveness of shooting is ensured by increasing the number of bullets and their specific dispersion, expanding the affected area. Each bullet weighs 5.4 g, for a total of 10.8 g (the standard bullet weighs 9.7 g). The front bullet has a base recess, where the warhead of the rear bullet is installed. Due to the partial disruption of the seal of the powder gases in the barrel and their entry into the cavities between the bullets, the front bullet receives a higher initial velocity (850 m / s) than the rear one (790 m / s), and the difference in speeds (60 m / s) leads to a mismatch of the dispersion centers of the bullets.The base plane of the rear bullet is inclined at an angle of 4.5 degrees to the transverse plane, resulting in a wider dispersion of the rear bullets than the front bullets. At a range of 100 meters, the average dispersion radius of the front bullets is 38 mm, while that of the rear bullets is 280 mm.

[0009] However, in the M198 ammunition, the likelihood of bullet separation depends on the bullet bonding force, which is determined by the force with which the rear bullet is pressed into the front bullet, the strength of the bullet material, and the dimensional tolerances of the bullets. Moreover, the stability of these parameters is difficult to ensure and control during the assembly of bullets and ammunition. For example, if the bullet bonding force is weak, the rear bullet may separate from the front bullet during transport or loading, and may not exit the barrel upon firing, or may have a significantly lower velocity than the front bullet.

[0010] With increased force of joining the bullets in the M198 ammunition, the rear bullet will separate from the front bullet when entering the rifling of the barrel bore and being crimped in the rifling of the barrel bore. This is due to the fact that for the bullet to enter the rifling of the barrel bore, a certain pressure of the powder gas (boosting pressure) is required, which in calculations of the internal ballistics of rifle ammunition is specified in the range of po = 300 - 550 bar (see M.E. Serebryakov. Internal Ballistics of Barrel Systems and Powder Rockets. Publisher: Moscow, 1962, pp. 339 - 342). It has been experimentally determined that in modern bullets of caliber 5.45 - 12.7 mm, the boosting pressure po ~ 400 bar, which, taking into account the cross-sectional area of ​​​​a 7.62 mm caliber bullet (0.48 cm 2) corresponds to a force of F ~ 190 kg, which will separate the front bullet from the rear bullet of the M198 ammunition when the rear bullet enters the rifling of the barrel. At the same time, the cavity between the moving front bullet and the rear bullet, temporarily slowed in the rifling, will fill with propellant gas flowing through the gaps between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the rear bullet. Overcoming the forcing force of F ~ 190 kg, the rear bullet will enter the rifling of the barrel and begin to accelerate in the barrel. As the propellant gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear bullet increases, which can reach 4150 bar according to CIP requirements for 7.62x51 mm ammunition, the rear bullet will catch up with the front bullet, compress the cavity between the bullets, where the propellant gas pressure will increase and it will be re-pressed into the front bullet. Moreover, when a shot is fired, the powder gas flows out of the barrel into the cavity between the bullets, and from the cavity between the bullets it flows to the muzzle of the barrel through the gaps between the outer surface of the bullets and the bottom of the rifling of the barrel bore.Therefore, the force required to re-press the rear bullet into the front bullet during acceleration in the barrel depends on the gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear bullet and the gas pressure in the cavity between the bullets, which may vary in each gun. If, after the bullets close in the barrel, the gas pressure in the cavity between the bullets remains higher than the muzzle pressure in the barrel, the front bullet will separate from the rear bullet in the barrel, and the bullets will exit the barrel separately. However, if the gaps between the bottom of the rifling and the outer surface of the front bullet are increased, for example, when firing from a hot or worn barrel, the gas will escape from the cavity between the bullets. If the gas pressure in the cavity between the bullets is low, the bullets may not separate again in the barrel. The fact that the bullets of the M198 ammunition and the two-bullet 5.56x45 Duplex ammunition, which were X-rayed, do not separate is discussed on the forum: https: / / forum.cartndgecollectors.Org / t / 5-56mm-duplex-phase-iii-colt-test-rounds / 36508 / 1 With moderate bullet joining force, bullet separation is possible before the rear bullet enters the barrel rifling. However, the delayed entry of the rear bullet into the barrel rifling creates an enlarged gas cavity between the bullets, which the rear bullet will not have time to compress as it accelerates through the barrel. As a result, the bullets will fail to close during acceleration in the barrel and will exit the barrel with different muzzle velocities, the values ​​of which are specified in the literature cited above.

[0011] The 12.7x108mm dual-bullet ammunition "12.7 1SL" (index 9-A-4012) and "12.7 1SLT" with a rear tracer bullet (index 9-A-4427) are known, designed for firing at ranges up to 1000m, as stated in the article: https: / / topwar.ru / 86396-dvoynoy-udar.html Moreover, in these ammunition, the rear bullet is not pressed into the front bullet, but secured in a bottle-shaped case by sector-crimping the case body to the outer diameter of the bullet, which eliminates the forced retraction of the rear bullet into the barrel rifling when the front bullet enters the barrel. The delayed entry of the rear bullet into the barrel rifling contributes to the formation of an enlarged gas cavity between the bullets, which the rear bullet will not have time to compress as it accelerates in the barrel upon firing. In the "12.7 1SL" and "12.7 1SLT" ammunition, the bullets have the same mass of 31.0 g, the initial velocity of the front bullet is 730 m / s, and the rear bullet is 670 m / s, but this difference in the initial velocities of the front and rear bullets (60 m / s) does not exceed the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets of the "M198" ammunition.

[0012] The closest analogue (prototype) to the claimed invention is the 12.7x55mm multi-bullet subsonic ammunition according to patent RU 2438093 C1 dated 27.12.2011, IPC F42B 5 / 03, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2438093C1 / ru . In this ammunition, the bullets are clamped into a cylindrical case, the tip of the subsequent bullet is installed in the base recess of the previous bullet until their mating surfaces contact, and all bullets except the first have a through hole. When fired, the bullets separate as they enter the rifling of the barrel, creating gas cavities between the bullets. However, the propellant gas from the cavities between the bullets flows through the through holes in the bullets into the barrel bore behind the rear bullet.When the bullets close in the barrel, the mating surfaces of the bullets experience increased compression forces due to the lack of compensating pressure of the powder gas in the cavities between the bullets, which can deform these mating surfaces and increase the dispersion of the bullets along the trajectory, especially at the increased pressure of a supersonic shot. This design of attaching bullets to a cylindrical shell may complicate the design of ammunition with a bottle shell, similar to patent US 9,506,731 B2 of 11 / 29 / 2016: https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US9506731B2 / en, or may worsen the bullet parameters, as in patent application US 2017 / 0276463 A1 of 09 / 28 / 2017: https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US20170276463A1 / en, and may require the development of new shells and weapons similar to the design of the "321 Greener" ammunition: https: / / neveryetmelted.com / 2015 / 07 / 30 / 321-greener-multiball / .

[0013] The essence of the invention

[0014] The objective of this invention is to increase the efficiency of multi-bullet ammunition by ensuring stable separation of bullets and stable ballistic parameters at supersonic and subsonic initial bullet velocities.

[0015] The solution of the stated problem is achieved in that a multi-bullet ammunition of a small arm, comprising a bottle-shaped cartridge case with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge and at least two bullets, including a head part, a leading part with the largest cross-sectional diameter equal to "D" and a base cut with a base recess, wherein the front bullet is fixed in the mouth of the cartridge case, and the head part of each subsequent bullet is installed in the base recess of the previous bullet until their mating surfaces come into contact, according to the invention, subsequent bullets are installed in the cartridge case with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the base cut of the rear bullet with the bottom of the cartridge case, wherein part of the propellant powder charge is placed in the bottom recess of the rear bullet, and between the surface of the head part of each subsequent bullet and the surface of the base recess of the previous bullet a compartment with the largest cross-sectional diameter "do" equal to 0.3 - 0 is formed,7D and designed to accumulate propellant gas during the acceleration of bullets in the barrel of a small arms firearm. The combination of features of the invention, as set forth in the independent claim, increases the effectiveness of the multi-bullet ammunition and has the following differences from the prototype and prior art:

[0016] - the bullets occupy the entire length of the ammunition to the bottom of the cartridge case, which makes it possible to increase the number and / or total mass of bullets in the ammunition;

[0017] - part of the powder charge is placed in the bottom recess of the rear bullet, which ensures stable entry of the set of bullets into the barrel and stable firing parameters;

[0018] - when the bullets close during their acceleration in the barrel, the powder gas accumulates in the compartment of the bottom recess between the bullets, which ensures stable separation of the bullets in the barrel and the exit of the bullets from the barrel at practically the same speed.

[0019] To meet the conditions of the present invention, the largest cross-sectional diameter "d0" of the compartment must be equal to 0.3 - 0.7D. If the diameter is reduced to d0 < 0.3D, the bullets may not separate after they close during their acceleration in the barrel due to a reduction in the area of ​​action of the powder gas accumulated in the compartment on the closed bullets. Increasing the diameter to d0 > 0.7D reduces the thickness of the bullet's sidewall, which may lead to bullet deformation upon firing.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each bullet is provided with a secant nose surface, connected to the surface of the head part along the cavitating edge with a diameter of "d" and intended to form a cavity during high-speed movement of the bullet in water, and in the leading part of each bullet a gliding surface is provided with a cross-sectional diameter equal to "D" and intended to stabilize the bullet in the cavity due to one-sided periodic washing and gliding along the contour of the cavity.

[0021] This embodiment increases the effectiveness of the invention by using cavitating bullets in the ammunition, capable of hitting underwater targets when fired from the air into water and not ricocheting off the water when fired at surface targets. Moreover, the outer surface of the bullet from the cavitating edge with a diameter of "d" to the leading edge of the planing surface with a diameter of "D" is limited by the contour formula of the cavitating core according to patents RU 2722891 C1 dated 04.06.2020, IPC F42B 10 / 42, EP 4024002 B1 dated 12.06.2024 or US 12,163,769 B2 dated 10.12.2024, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US12163769B2 / en, namely, the dependence:

[0022] Dx = d * [1 + (Lx / d) x 2π x sin <ρ / π] N , Where:

[0023] Dx - diameter of the outer surface of the bullet at a length "Lx" from the cavitating edge, mm; d - diameter of the cavitating edge, mm; Lx - length from the cavitating edge, mm;

[0024] Ф = 60°...180° - angle of the tangent to the secant nose surface at the points of its conjugation with the cavitating edge, measured from the side of the bullet's nose; N = 0.25...0.40 - bullet volume coefficient,

[0025] in this case, the diameter "Dx" of the outer surface of the bullet is equal to the diameter of the planing surface "D" at Lx = L, where L is the length from the cavitating edge to the leading edge of the planing surface, and the center of mass of the bullet is located at a length X > 0.3D in front of the leading edge of the planing surface, located at a length "L".

[0026] Exceeding the cavitating core contour reduces the permissible clearances "5" between the bullet's outer surface and the cavity wall, leading to the erosion of the bullet's protruding section, and the loss of cavitation stability in water. Decreasing the cavitating core contour reduces the bullet's weight. Furthermore, bullet design elements, such as threads and annular grooves, can be reduced relative to the cavitating core contour. The nose surface of a cavitating bullet can be designed as a flat end, a cone, or a truncated cone. The tangent angle "φ" to the secant nose surface at its junction with the cavitating edge is selected based on the bullet's dimensions, weight, muzzle velocity, and material.

[0027] A cavitating bullet can have a volume coefficient N = 0.25...0.40. When N > 0.40, the contour of the cavitating bullet approaches the walls of the cavity forming in the water beyond the permissible gaps "b", which leads to a loss of bullet stability in the cavity. When N < 0.25, the gaps "b" between the bullet surfaces and the cavity walls increase, reducing the bullet's mass and degrading its parameters. The center of mass of a cavitating bullet should be located at a length X > 0.3D ahead of the leading edge of the planing surface, located at a length "L". A decrease in the dimension "X" leads to a change in the bullet's trajectory in the cavity.

[0028] In an embodiment of the invention, the mating surfaces of the head part and the bottom recess have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base "di" does not exceed 0.85D, and the diameter of the smaller base is equal to the largest diameter "do" of the cross-section of the compartment.

[0029] This design increases the effectiveness of the invention by ensuring guaranteed contact between the mating surfaces of the nose and base, which reduces their deformation when the bullets close during acceleration in the barrel, promotes stable separation of the bullets after they close in the barrel, and reduces bullet dispersion along the trajectory. With a diameter "di" greater than 0.85D, the bullet's sidewall thickness decreases, which can lead to bullet deformation upon firing.

[0030] Brief description of the drawings

[0031] The invention is explained in more detail using specific implementation examples. These examples do not limit the scope of the claims but are intended merely to enhance the understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art. References to the accompanying drawings are provided in the description of the implementation examples, which depict:

[0032] - Fig. 1 - the first example of the invention in 5.56*45mm ammunition;

[0033] - Fig. 2 - the second example of the invention in 5.45*39mm ammunition;

[0034] - Fig. 3 - the third example of the invention in 5.56x45mm ammunition;

[0035] - Fig. 4 - a quarter example of the invention in 5.56*45mm ammunition;

[0036] - Fig. 5 - the fifth example of the invention in 5.45*39mm ammunition;

[0037] - Fig. 6 - the sixth example of the invention in 5.45*39mm ammunition;

[0038] - Fig. 7 - the seventh example of the invention in 5.45*39mm ammunition;

[0039] - Fig. 8 - the eighth example of implementing the invention in 5.45*39mm ammunition.

[0040] It should be noted that identical reference numerals in the drawings refer to identical components of the ammunition. Moreover, not every component of the ammunition may be depicted in every drawing, which, to better illustrate the essence of this invention, are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0041] Preferred embodiment of the invention Fig. 1 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.56x45mm (223 Rem) multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 1 with a primer, a propellant powder charge 2 and three Bi-Bz bullets, including a head part 3, a leading part 4 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.67mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Bi is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 1, and the head part 3 of each subsequent bullet Vg - Vz is installed in the bottom recess 7 of the previous bullet Bi - Vg until their mating surfaces 5 contact, while the subsequent bullets Vg - Vz are installed in the cartridge case 1 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the bottom cut 6 of the rear bullet Vz with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 1. Part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the bottom recess 7d of the rear bullet Vz, and part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the cartridge case 1 between its inner surface and the outer surface of the bullets.Between the surface of the head part 3 of each subsequent Vg - Vz bullet and the surface of the base recess 7 of the previous Bi - Vz bullet, a compartment 9 is formed with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.46D. The mating surfaces 5 of the head part 3 and the base recess 7 may have the shape of a flat end or an ogive or a conical surface. In Bi - Vz bullets, the mating surfaces 5 of the head part 3 and the base recess 7 have the shape of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.70D, and the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.46D and is equal to the largest cross-sectional diameter of compartment 9. Bi - Vz bullets may have different lengths and weights, but Fig. 1 shows identical Bi - Vz bullets, in which the base recess 7d of the rear Vz bullet is identical to the base recesses 7 of the Bi - Vz bullets, the weight and aerodynamic parameters of the bullets are the same. Bi-Vz bullets are made of LS59-1 brass with a density of p = 8.4 g / cm. 3and a strength of 490 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 2.7 g, and the mass of three bullets is 8.1 g.

[0042] When fired, the primer-igniter's flame force through the ignition hole 10 ignites part of the powder charge 2 in the base recess 7 d of the rear bullet B3, where, due to the small volume, increased powder gas pressure is created, which pushes the set of bullets Bi - B3 from the cartridge case 1, and the front bullet Bi begins to enter the rifling of the barrel bore. For each bullet to enter the rifling of the barrel, a powder gas pressure of po ~ 400 bar is required, as shown in the example of ammunition - an analogue of the "M198". Therefore, taking into account the cross-sectional area of ​​​​the bullet S = 0.25 cm 2With a diameter of D = 5.67 mm, the force of entry of each Bi - Bz bullet into the rifling of the barrel bore is Ф ~ 100 kg. When the Bi - Bz bullets move, the combustion of gunpowder from the base recess 7d spreads to the gunpowder located between the inner surface of the case and the outer surface of the bullets. The bullet Bi is separated from the B2 - Bz bullets by the force Ф ~ 100 kg of entry into the rifling of the barrel bore of the second bullet B2, and the cavity between the moving front bullet Bi and the second bullet Bg temporarily slowed in the rifling is filled with powder gas flowing through the gaps between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the second bullet Bg and from the burning gunpowder in the zone Gi, shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. Similarly, by the force Ф ~ 100 kg of entry into the rifling of the barrel bore of the rear bullet Bz, the bullets Bg and Bz are separated, and a gas cavity is formed between them. With an increase in the pressure of the powder gas in the barrel during firing, which can reach Pmax = 4300 bar according to CIP requirementsFor 223 Rem (5.56 x 45 mm) ammunition, the rear bullet B3 catches up with the preceding Bi-B2 bullets, compressing the cavities between the bullets, in which the pressure of the powder gas increases due to a decrease in their volume. When the bullets close in the barrel, part of the powder gas in the cavities between the bullets accumulates in the compartments 9 of the base recesses 7. The greatest compression force "F" acts on the mating surface 5 of the Vz-Bg bullets and depends on the difference in powder gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear bullet B3 and in the cavity in front of the rear bullet B3 with compartment 9, on the acceleration of the bullet set and on the mass of the front Bi-B2 bullets. According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference of these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces of 5 bullets B3-B2 is F = 140 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation.

[0043] Separating the bullets after they close during acceleration in the barrel requires a certain amount of force, which is provided by the propellant gas trapped in the cavity between the closed bullets. Upon firing, the propellant gas flows from the barrel into the cavity between the bullets, and from the cavity between the bullets, it flows toward the muzzle of the barrel through the gaps between the outer surface of the bullets and the bottom of the rifling. The size of these gaps varies significantly between barrels and increases as the barrel heats up. If propellant gas escapes through these gaps from the cavity between the closed bullets, the bullets may not separate after they close in the barrel, as occurs with ammunition similar to the M198. In this invention, the propellant gas accumulates between the bullets in compartments 9 and, when the bullets close, cannot escape through the gaps between the outer surface of the bullets and the bottom of the rifling.In the muzzle of the barrel, when the pressure of the powder gas behind the rear bullet decreases, the powder gas accumulated in the compartments 9 ensures the separation of the bullets and the exit of the bullets from the barrel at practically the same speed.

[0044] Assembly of ammunition in which the rear bullet contacts the base of the 8-piece cartridge case has a unique feature: after loading the cartridge case with powder and inserting the rear bullet into the case mouth, the case is turned upside down and the remaining bullets are inserted from the bottom up. This allows the bullets to be inserted until the base of the 6-piece rear bullet contacts the base of the 8-piece cartridge case and the front bullet to be secured in the case. In this case, the lengths of the ammunition will vary within the tolerances of bullet manufacturing. Alternatively, the bullets can be inserted without the base of the 6-piece rear bullet contacting the base of the 8-piece cartridge case and the front bullet to be secured in the case, ensuring the exact length of the ammunition. In this case, subsequent bullets can move within the case within the tolerances of the bullet dimensions, and their movement will be limited by the contact of the base of the 6-piece rear bullet with the base of the 8-piece cartridge case. Moreover, such movement of subsequent bullets in the cartridge case does not affect the ballistics of the shot.

[0045] The ballistics of the shot are affected by the design of the ammunition of this invention, which differs from the design of the ammunition according to patent RU 2318 175 C2 dated August 10, 2006: https: / / patents.google.com / patent / RU2318175C2 / ru In the 5.45x39mm ammunition according to patent RU 2318 175 C2, the bullet is seated with its pointed aft end against the bottom of the cartridge case, and upon firing, the primer-igniter flame thrust through the flash holes immediately ignites the entire propellant charge. Increased propellant gas pressure is created in the cartridge case, which inflates the neck of the cartridge case, and some of the propellant gas escapes into the barrel through the annular gap between the outer surface of the bullet and the inner surface of the inflated neck of the cartridge case.As a result, the caliber bullet in this ammunition was equipped with a plastic sabot to obturation the powder gas at the beginning of the shot. This led to a more rapid buildup of powder gas pressure in the case, necessitating a change in the type of powder and a decrease in the muzzle velocity of the bullet, which, when fired underwater, expels 8.6 g of water from a 5.45 mm barrel. The parameters of this 5.45 x 39 mm ammunition are listed in the book: E.V. Solovtsov, Russian Ammunition: Intermediate Cartridges. Publisher: Moscow, 2015, ISBN 978-5-93883-268-8, pp. 40-44.

[0046] The design of the ammunition of the present invention is similar to the design of the telescopic ammunition disclosed in patents US 4,197,801 A of 15.04.1980, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US4197801A / en, also US 4,335,657 A of 22.06.1982, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US4335657A / en and also US 4,604,954 A of 12.08.1986, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US4604954A / en. In the ammunition of this invention, the primer's flame force through the ignition hole ignites a portion of the propellant charge in the base recess 7d of the rear bullet. Due to its small volume, increased propellant gas pressure is created there, forcing the bullet cluster out of the case, and the front bullet begins to engage the rifling. At the same time, the propellant burning in the base recess 7d ignites the propellant charge located between the inner surface of the case and the outer surface of the bullets.Moreover, the reflection of the primer flame force from the surface of the base recess 7d ensures gradual ignition of the powder in layers from the bottom 8 of the cartridge case, which reduces the rate of pressure buildup in the cartridge case compared to a conventional shot, when all the powder is ignited at once by the primer flame force. With this delayed ignition, intense combustion of the powder occurs after the partial discharge of the bullets from the cartridge case at a reduced loading density. This internal ballistic feature allows the use of fast-burning powder with a high initial loading density in the ammunition, but ensures combustion at a low loading density, resulting in increased muzzle velocity for the bullets at an acceptable firing pressure.

[0047] This feature of the shot ballistics allows, when firing Bi-Bz bullets with a total mass of 8.1 g, to obtain an initial velocity of o = 590 - 610 m / s at a shot pressure of Pmax < 4300 bar. In the manufacture of the external geometry of Bi-Bz bullets according to patent RU 2597431 C2 dated 10.09.2016 or patent US 10,386,164 B2 dated 20.08.2019, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US10386164B2 / en, each Bi-Bz bullet weighing 2.7g at a distance of 100m maintains a speed of Vioo = 470-490m / s and energy E o ~ 310 J, and at a distance of 200m maintains a speed of V200 = 380-400m / s and energy E200 ~ 200 J. The dispersion diameter of B1-B3 bullets is 70mm at a distance of 100m, which increases the effectiveness of shooting at small-sized moving targets by increasing the probability of hitting the target with one bullet.

[0048] It should be noted that the Bi-Bz bullets weighing 2.7g are approximately equivalent to the SS196SR and SS197SR bullets of the FN 5.7x28mm ammunition, which have a similar diameter, a weight of 2.6g, and a muzzle velocity of Vo = 549 - 594m / s, and an effective firing range of 150m (see website: FN 5.7*28mm - Wikipedia). Consequently, when firing at moving targets, one shot of 5.56*45mm (223 Rem) ammunition with three Bi-Bz bullets is more effective than three shots of FN 5.7x28mm ammunition.

[0049] The 5.56x45mm (223 Rem) ammunition with three Bi-Vz bullets can be used for silent firing at subsonic muzzle velocity. During subsonic firing, similar to supersonic firing, the Bi-Vz bullets are separated by a force of ~100 kg as they enter the barrel rifling, creating gas pockets between the bullets. When the bullets close in the barrel, the propellant gas accumulated in compartment 9 ensures separate exit of the bullets. With an initial velocity of Vo = 325 m / s, each Bi-Bz bullet weighing 2.7 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a velocity of V100 = 290 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 110 J. The Saiga-MK and Saiga-223 self-loading carbines, created on the basis of the AK-74 assault rifle, are automatically reloaded during a subsonic shot with 223 Rem ammunition (5.56x45 mm) with Bi-Bz bullets with a total mass of 8.1 g, since the recoil impulse of the shot is I = 0.41 kgf x s, which ensures the operation of the weapon's automation and increases the effectiveness of silent shooting at small targets.

[0050] To increase the bullet dispersion along the trajectory, the diameter "D" of the outer surface of the leading part 4 of the bullet must be designed with a non-circular shape. To achieve this, in the plane of the bullet's cross-section, the outer surface of the leading part 4 is made oval, the largest and smallest diameters of which are in mutually perpendicular directions and differ by a selected value from 0.004D to 0.009D. For example, with an ovality of 0.004D (0.02 mm), the largest cross-sectional diameter of Bi-B3 bullets in mutually perpendicular directions will be D = 5.67 mm and D = 5.69 mm, or D = 5.66 mm and D = 5.68 mm, etc. With an ovality of 0.009D (0.05 mm), the largest cross-sectional diameter of Bi-B3 bullets in mutually perpendicular directions will be D = 5.65 mm and D = 5.70 mm or D = 5.63 mm and D = 5.68 mm, etc. In this case, the diameter "D" should be in the range from 5.626 mm to 5.702 mm according to SAAMI requirements for the dimensions of bullets of 223 Rem ammunition (5.56 * 45 mm).Experiments have shown that with a diameter ovality of "D" equal to 0.004D (0.02 mm), bullet dispersion increases by a factor of 1.3, while with a diameter ovality of "D" equal to 0.009D (0.05 mm), bullet dispersion doubles. During bullet production, the specified diameter ovality of "D" is achieved by tooling and can be controlled during bullet production.

[0051] Fig. 2 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.45*39mm multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 11 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and two identical Pi - Pr bullets, including a head part 3, a leading part 4 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.58mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Pi is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 11, and the head part 3 of the rear bullet Pr is installed in the bottom recess 7 of the front bullet Pi until their mating surfaces 5 contact, while the rear bullet Pr is installed in the cartridge case 11 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of its bottom cut 6 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 11. Part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the bottom recess 7 A of the rear bullet Pr, and part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the cartridge case 1 between its inner surface and the outer surface of the bullets.Between the surface of the head section 3 of the rear bullet Pr and the surface of the base recess 7 of the front bullet Pi, a compartment 9 is formed with a largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.45D. The mating surfaces 5 of the head section 3 and the base recess 7 have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.65D, the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.45D and is equal to the largest cross-sectional diameter of the compartment 9, and the base recess 7d of the rear bullet Pr is identical to the base recess 7 of the front bullet Pi. The Pi - Pr bullets are made of BRAZh 9-4 bronze with a density of p = 7.5 g / cm. 3 and a strength of 540 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 3.6 g, and the mass of two bullets is 7.2 g.

[0052] When fired, the primer-igniter's flame force through two ignition holes 20 ignites part of the powder charge 2 in the base recess 7d of the rear bullet Pr, where, due to the small volume, increased pressure of the powder gas is created, which pushes both bullets Pi - Pr out of the cartridge case 11. In this case, the combustion of the powder from the base recess 7d spreads to the powder located between the inner surface of the cartridge case and the outer surface of the bullets. The bullets Pi - Pr are separated by a force F ~ 100 kg of entry into the rifling of the barrel bore of the rear bullet Pr, whereby the cavity between the moving front bullet Pi and the rear bullet Pr temporarily slowed in the rifling is filled with powder gas flowing through the gaps between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the rear bullet Pr and from the burning powder in the zone Gz, shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 2. The ballistics of the shot of the ammunition in Fig. 2 are similar to the ballistics of the shot of the ammunition in Fig. 1. Moreover, the total mass of the bullets Pi - Pr is less than the mass of the bullets Bi - Bz in the ammunition in Fig. 1.Therefore, the Pi - Pr bullets enter the rifling grooves faster than the Bi - Bz bullets, and with the same powder charges 2, the powder gas pressure in the ammunition of Fig. 2 is less than in the ammunition of Fig. 1, which can reach Рмах = 3550 bar according to the CIP requirements for 5.45 * 39 mm ammunition. When the P2 - P1 bullets close in the barrel, part of the powder gas accumulates in the compartment 9 of the bottom recess 7. The compression force "F" acting on the mating surface 5 of the Pr - Pi bullets depends on the difference in powder gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear Pr bullet and in the cavity between the bullets with compartment 9, on the acceleration of both bullets and on the mass of the Pi bullet. According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference of these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces of 5 bullets is F = 105 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation, and the powder gas accumulated in the compartment 9 ensures the separate departure of the bullets from the barrel with practically the same speed Vo = 630 - 650 m / s.

[0053] When manufacturing the external geometry of Pi - Pr bullets in accordance with patent RU 2597431 C2 dated 10.09.2016 or patent US 10,386,164 B2 dated 20.08.2019, https: / / patents.google.com / patent / US10386164B2 / en, each Pi - Pr bullet weighing 3.6 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a speed of V100 = 550 - 570 m / s and an energy of E100 ~ 580 J, and at a distance of 200 m maintains a speed of V200 = 480 - 500 m / s and an energy of E100 ~ 450 J. The dispersion of two Pi - Pr bullets is 60 mm at a distance of 100 m, which increases the efficiency of shooting at small targets. Moreover, at a distance of 200 m, the total energy of two Pi - Pr bullets (900 J) is 1.5 times higher than the total energy of three Bi - Bz bullets (600 J).

[0054] The 5.45*39mm Pi-Pr ammunition can be used for silent firing at subsonic muzzle velocity. Pi-Pr bullets are made of LS59-1 brass with a density of 8.4 g / cm3. 3The mass of the bullet is 4.0 g, and the mass of two bullets is 8.0 g. During a subsonic shot, similar to a supersonic shot, the Pi - P2 bullets separate upon entering the rifling of the barrel bore, and a gas cavity is formed between the bullets. When the bullets close in the barrel, the powder gas accumulated in compartment 9 ensures separate exit of the bullets from the barrel. With an initial velocity of Vo = 325 m / s, each Pi - P2 bullet weighing 4.0 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a velocity of V100 = 300 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 180 J, and at a distance of 200 m maintains a velocity of V200 = 280 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 155 J. Self-loading carbines "Saiga-5.45", created on the basis of the AK-74 assault rifle, are automatically reloaded during a subsonic shot with 5.45 * 39 mm ammunition with two Pi - P2 bullets with a total mass of 8.0 g, since the recoil impulse of the shot I = 0.40 kgf * s ensures the operation of the automatic weapon.

[0055] To increase the bullet's trajectory dispersion, the diameter "D" of the outer surface of the bullet's leading section 4 must be designed to deviate from a circular shape. To achieve this, in the bullet's cross-sectional plane, the outer surface of leading section 4 must be oval, with the largest and smallest diameters located in mutually perpendicular directions and differing by a selected value from 0.004D to 0.009D, as described above in Fig. 1.

[0056] Fig. 3 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.56*45mm (223 Rem) multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 1 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and four Ki - Kd bullets, including a head part 3, a leading part 4 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.67mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Ki is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 1, and the head section 3 of each subsequent bullet K2 - Kd is installed in the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Ki - Kz until their mating surfaces 5 contact, wherein the subsequent bullets Kg - Kd are installed in the cartridge case 1 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the base cut 6 of the rear bullet Kd with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 1, and part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the base recess 7d of the rear bullet Kd. Between the surface of the head section 3 of each subsequent bullet Kg - Kd and the surface of the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Ki - Kz, a compartment 9 with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.440 is formed.The mating surfaces 5 of the head portion 3 and the base recess 7 have the shape of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.70D, and the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.44D and is equal to the largest diameter of the cross-section of the compartment 9. In this case, in the head portion 3 of each subsequent bullet Kg - Kd and in the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Ki - Kz, guide cylindrical surfaces with diameters di = 0.70D and d2 = 0.73D are made, between which a radial gap bo = 0.015D is formed, taking into account the compression of the leading portion 4 in the rifling of the barrel bore. The bullets Ki - Kd can have different lengths and weights, and the head portion of the bullet Ki can have any shape, but Fig. 3 shows identical bullets Ki - Kd, which have a base recess 7. А The rear of the Kd bullet is identical to the base grooves of the 7 Ki-Kz bullets; the mass and aerodynamic parameters of the bullets are the same. The Ki-Kz bullets are made of LS59-1 brass with a density of p = 8.4 g / cm 3and a strength of Ov = 490 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 2.1 g, and the mass of four bullets is 8.4 g. When fired, the flame thrust of the primer-igniter through the ignition hole 10 ignites part of the powder charge 2 in the base recess 7 A of the rear bullet Kd, where, due to the small volume, increased pressure of the powder gas is created, which pushes the set of bullets Ki - Kd from the case 1. Bullets Ki - Kd are separated by a force F ~ 100 kg entering the rifling of the barrel bore of each subsequent bullet, and the cavities formed between the bullets are filled with powder gas and gunpowder burning in zones G3. The ballistics of the shot of ammunition Fig. 3 are similar to the ballistics of the shot of ammunition Fig. 1. When the bullets close in the barrel, the greatest compression force "F" acts on the mating surface of the 5 bullets Kd - Kz and depends on the difference in the pressure of the powder gas in the barrel behind the rear bullet Kd and in the cavity in front of the rear bullet Kd with compartment 9, on the acceleration of all the bullets and on the mass of the front bullets Ki - Kz.According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference of these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces of 5 bullets Kd-Kz is equal to F = 160 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation.

[0057] The cylindrical guide surfaces of mating bullets allow for the experimental determination and selection of the radial gap "5°" between diameters "di" and "dz," which slows the separation of the bullets in the barrel and reduces the difference in their muzzle velocities. This is due to the fact that the leading section 4 is compressed in the rifling of the barrel bore, and the diameter "da" of the base recess 7 is compressed to a certain size. When the bullets close in the barrel, the nose section 3 of the subsequent bullet with diameter "di" is pressed into the compressed diameter "da" of the base recess 7 of the preceding bullet. Therefore, separation of the bullets requires an increased pressure difference between the propellant gas in compartment 9 and the barrel, which is achieved at the muzzle, and the separated bullets exit the barrel at the same velocity. The radial clearance "bo" is selected in the range from 0.005D to 0.025D ​​for 5.45-12.7mm bullets and depends on the bullet design and material. For example, with a radial clearance of 0.005D, bo = 0.025D.005D (25o = 0.057 mm) brass bullets Ki - K4 do not separate in the barrel due to the reduction in diameter "dz" after the leading part 4 is compressed in the 5.56 mm rifling of the channel with a depth of 0.1 mm, but separate after leaving the barrel, which increases the dispersion of the bullets. This requirement is also true for bullets of caliber 12.7 mm, in which the radial gap can be from bo = 0.005D (26 = 0.13 mm) to bo = 0.025D ​​(2bo = 0.65 mm). With a radial gap of 5o = 0.015D, the difference in the initial velocities of Ki - K4 bullets does not exceed 10 m / s and is Vo = 600 ± 5 m / s. Each Ki - Kd bullet weighing 2.1 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a speed of V o = 420 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 185 J, and at a distance of 150 m maintains a speed of V150 = 350 m / s and an energy of E150 ~ 125 J. The dispersion diameter of Ki - Kd bullets is 120 mm at a distance of 100 m, and the reduction in the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets and four bullets in each shot increase the probability of one bullet hitting a small moving target.

[0058] Fig. 4 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.56*45mm (223 Rem) multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 1 with a primer cap, a propellant powder charge 2 and five identical Hi-N5 bullets, including a head part 3, a leading part 4 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.67mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Hi is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 1, and the head section 3 of each subsequent bullet H2 - H5 is installed in the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Hi - H4 until their mating surfaces 5 contact, wherein the subsequent bullets H2 - Hs are installed in the cartridge case 1 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the base cut 6 of the rear bullet H5 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 1, and part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the base recess 7d of the rear bullet H5. Between the surface of the head section 3 of each subsequent bullet H2 - Hs and the surface of the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Hi - H4, a compartment 9 with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.60D is formed.The mating surfaces 5 of the head section 3 and the base recess 7 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bullet and are limited by the largest diameter da = 0.85D and the smallest diameter do = 0.60D, which is equal to the largest diameter of the cross-section of the compartment 9. In this case, the head section 3 of each subsequent H2 - He bullet and in the base recess 7 of the previous Hi - H4 bullet are provided with guide cylindrical surfaces with diameters d4 = 0.58D and do = 0.60D, between which a radial gap 5o = 0.012D is formed, taking into account the compression of the leading section 4 in the rifling of the barrel bore. The base recess 7d of the rear Hs bullet is identical to the base recesses 7 of the Hi - H4 bullets. All Hi - H5 bullets are made of LS59-1 brass with a density of p = 8.4 g / cm. 3 and a strength of 490 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 1.7 g, and the mass of five bullets is 8.5 g.

[0059] The shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 4 are similar to the shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 3. When the Hi-H5 bullets close in the barrel, the greatest compression force "F" acts on the mating surfaces 5 of the Hs-H4 bullets and depends on the difference in the pressures of the powder gas in the barrel behind the rear bullet He and in the cavity in front of the rear bullet He with compartment 9, on the acceleration of all the bullets and on the mass of the front Hi-H4 bullets. According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference in these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces 5 of the H5-H4 bullets is equal to F = 180 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation, and the powder gas accumulated in compartment 9 ensures the separation of the bullets. The guide cylindrical surfaces with diameters "do" and W slow down the process of bullet separation in the barrel and reduce the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets, as explained above using the example of Ki - K4 bullets (Fig. 3).With a radial gap of bo = 0.012D, the difference in the initial velocity of the bullets during firing does not exceed 10 m / s and is Vo = 600 ± 5 m / s. Each Hi - H5 bullet weighing 1.7 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a speed of 100 = 420 m / s and an energy of E100 ~ 150 J, and at a distance of 150 m maintains a speed of V150 = 350 m / s and an energy of E150 ~ 105 J. The dispersion diameter of Hi - H5 bullets is 130 mm at a distance of 100 m, and a decrease in the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets and five bullets in each shot increase the effectiveness of shooting.

[0060] Fig. 5 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.45*39mm multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 11 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and three identical cavitating bullets U1 - U3, including a head part 3 with a secant nose surface 12, a leading part 4 with a gliding surface 14 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.58mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Ui is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 11, and the head part 3 of each subsequent bullet U2 - U3 is installed in the bottom recess 7 of the previous bullet Ui - U2 until their mating surfaces 5 contact, while the subsequent bullets U2 - U3 are installed in the cartridge case 11 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the bottom cut 6 of the rear bullet U3 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 11. Part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the bottom recess 7 A of the rear bullet U3.Between the surface of the head part 3 of each subsequent bullet U2 - U3 and the surface of the base recess 7 of the previous bullet Ui - U2, a compartment 9 is formed with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.58D. The mating surfaces 5 of the head part 3 and the base recess 7 have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.84D, the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.58D and is equal to the largest cross-sectional diameter of the compartment 9, and the base recess 7d of the rear bullet U3 is identical to the base recesses 7 of the bullets Ui - U2.

[0061] The secant nose surface 12 with an angle <p = 120° is connected along the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter "d" with the surface of the nose section 3. The outer surface of the bullets Ui - U3 from the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter "d" to the leading edge of the gliding surface 14 with a diameter "D" is limited by the relationship:

[0062] D

[0063]

[0064] x = d x [1 + (Lx / d) x 2tm x sin <р / п] N , Where:

[0065] d = 1.8 mm; ф = 120°; тт = 3.14, N = 0.312 and Dx = D = 5.58 mm at Lx = L = 17.0 mm Bullets Ui - U3 are made of LS59-1 brass with a density of p = 8.4 g / cm 3 and a strength of ov = 490 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 2.7 g, and the mass of three bullets is 8.1 g. The center of mass of each bullet is located at a length X = 0.32 D in front of the leading edge of the planing surface 14, located at a length "L", which promotes stable movement of the bullet in the cavity.

[0066] The shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 5 are similar to the shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 1, since the mass of the bullets Ui - lh and Bi - З, the volumes of the base recesses 7 A and the cavities Gs and Gi are the same. After the bullets close in the barrel, the powder gas accumulated in the compartments 9 ensures separate departure of the bullets from the barrel with practically the same speed Vo = 590 - 610 m / s. Each bullet Ui - U3 with a mass of 2.7 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a speed 100 = 460 - 480 m / s and an energy Eёо ~ 310 J, and at a distance of 200 m maintains a speed V200 = 360 - 380 m / s and an energy Eёо ~ 190 J. The dispersion diameter of the bullets Ui - U3 is 110 mm at a distance of 100 m. The bullet does not ricochet off the water when fired from the air into the water at an angle of more than 10° to the plane of the water, and each bullet Ui - U3 at an underwater distance of 5 m maintains a speed of V5 = 125 m / s.

[0067] Fig. 6 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.45x39mm multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 11 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and four identical cavitating bullets T1-T4, including a head part 3 with a slicing nose surface 12, a leading part 4 with a gliding surface 14 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.58mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Ti is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 11, and the head part 3 of each subsequent bullet T2 - T4 is installed in the bottom recess 7 of the previous bullet Ti - T3 until their mating surfaces 5 contact, while the subsequent bullets T2 - T4 are installed in the cartridge case 11 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the bottom cut 6 of the rear bullet T4 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 11, and part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the bottom recess 7d of the rear bullet T4.Between the surface of the head part 3 of each subsequent bullet Tg - T4 and the surface of the base recess 7 of the previous bullet T1 - T3, a compartment 9 is formed with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.53D. The mating surfaces 5 of the head part 3 and the base recess 7 have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.73D, and the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.53D and is equal to the largest cross-sectional diameter of the compartment 9, and the base recess 7d of the rear bullet T4 is identical to the base recesses 7 of the bullets Ti - T3.

[0068] The secant nose surface 12 has the form of a flat end with an angle <p = 180° (not shown) and is connected to the surface of the nose section 3 along the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter of "d". The outer surface of the bullets T1-T4 from the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter of "d" to the leading edge of the planing surface 14 with a diameter of "D" is limited by the relationship: D

[0069]

[0070] x = dx [1 + (L x / d) * 2tg x sin f / tt] N , Where:

[0071] d = 1.78 mm; f = 180°; tt = 3.14, N = 0.301 and Dx = D = 5.58 mm at Lx = L = 14.6 mm Bullets T1 - T4 are made of bronze BRAZh 9-4 with a density of p = 7.5 g / cm 3 and a strength of ov = 540 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 1.8 g, and the mass of four bullets is 7.2 g. The center of mass of each bullet is located at a length X = 0.48 D in front of the leading edge of the planing surface 14, located at a length "L", which promotes stable movement of the bullet in the cavity.

[0072] The firing ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 6 are similar to those of the ammunition shown in Fig. 2, since the total mass of the Ti-T4 and Pi-P2 bullets and the volumes of the base recesses 7d and ZON Ge and G2 are identical. When the bullets close in the barrel, the greatest compressive force "F" acts on the mating surface 5 of the T4-T3 bullets and depends on the difference in powder gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear T4 bullet, in the cavity in front of the rear T4 bullet with compartment 9, on the acceleration of the bullet set, and on the mass of the T1-T3 bullets. According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference of these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces of 5 bullets T4-T3 is F = 155 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation, and the powder gas accumulated in the compartments 9 ensures the separate departure of four bullets from the barrel at practically the same speed Vo = 630 - 650 m / s.

[0073] Each T1-T4 bullet weighing 1.8 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a velocity of V100 = 440-460 m / s and an energy of E100 ~ 190 J, and at a distance of 200 m maintains a velocity of V2oo = 310-330 m / s and an energy of E100 ~ 100 J. The dispersion diameter of T1-T4 bullets is 120 mm at a distance of 100 m. Moreover, the bullets do not ricochet off water when fired from air into water at an angle of more than 7° to the water plane, and each Ti-T4 bullet at an underwater distance of 3 m maintains a velocity of V3 = 125 m / s.

[0074] Fig. 7 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.45x39mm multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 11 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and two identical cavitating bullets Mi - M2, including a head part 3 with a secant nose surface 12, a leading part 4 with a gliding surface 14 with the largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.58 mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The front bullet Mi is secured in the mouth of the cartridge case 11, and the head part 3 of the rear bullet Mg is installed in the bottom recess 7 of the front bullet Mi until their mating surfaces 5 contact, wherein the rear bullet Mg is installed in the cartridge case 11 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of its bottom cut 6 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 11. Part of the powder charge 2 is placed in the bottom recess 7d of the rear bullet Mg. Between the surface of the head part 3 of the rear bullet M2 and the surface of the bottom recess 7 of the front bullet Mi, a compartment 9 is formed with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.45D.The mating surfaces 5 of the head portion 3 and the base recess 7 are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bullet and are limited by the largest diameter ds = 0.65D and the smallest diameter do = 0.45D, which is equal to the largest diameter of the cross-section of the compartment 9. In this case, in the head portion 3 of the rear bullet g and the base recess 7 of the front bullet Mi, guide cylindrical surfaces with diameters d4 = 0.43D and do = 0.45D are made, between which a radial gap 5o = 0.01 D is formed, taking into account the compression of the leading portion 4 in the rifling of the barrel bore. The base recess 7d of the rear bullet Mg is identical to the base recess 7 of the front bullet Mr.

[0075] The secant nose surface 12 with an angle <p = 120° is connected along the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter "d" with the surface of the warhead 3. The outer surface of the bullets Qi - Q2 from the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter "d" to the leading edge of the gliding surface 14 with a diameter "D" is limited by the relationship:

[0076] D

[0077]

[0078] x = d * [1 + (Lx / d) x 2π x sin φ / π] N , Where:

[0079] d = 1.7 mm; f = 120°; tt = 3.14, N = 0.317 and Dx = D = 5.58 mm at Lx = L = 18.2 mm. The bullets are made of BRAZh 9-4 bronze with a density of p = 7.5 g / cm3. 3 , with a strength of ov = 540 MPa and equipped with a core 15 made of tungsten alloy VNZh-90 with a density of p = 16.8 g / cm 3 and a strength of 0v = 880 MPa. The mass of each bullet is 5.0 g, and the mass of two bullets is 10.0 g. The center of mass of each bullet is located at a length X = 0.54 D in front of the leading edge of the planing surface 14, located at a length "L", which contributes to the stable movement of the bullet in the cavity.

[0080] The shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 7 are similar to the shot ballistics of the ammunition shown in Fig. 2, although the bullets Mi - M2 and Pi - P2 have different masses, but the volumes of their base recesses 7d and the volumes of zones G? and G2 are the same. When the bullets close in the barrel, the compression force "F" acting on the mating surface 5 of the bullets depends on the difference in the pressures of the powder gas in the barrel behind the rear bullet Mg and in the cavity in front of the rear bullet Mg with compartment 9, on the acceleration of both bullets and on the mass of the front bullet Mi. According to the ballistic calculation, for example, with a difference in these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces 5 of the bullets is F = 110 kg, while the area and strength of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation, and the powder gas accumulated in compartment 9 ensures the separation of the bullets. The guide cylindrical surfaces with diameters "do" and "d4" slow down the process of bullet separation in the barrel and reduce the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets, as explained above using the example of Ki - K4 bullets (Fig. 3).With a radial gap of 5o = 0.01 D, the difference in the initial velocity of the bullets when fired does not exceed 10 m / s and is Vo = 550 ± 5 m / s. Each Mi - Mg bullet weighing 5.0 g at a distance of 100 m retains a velocity of Vo = 460 - 480 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 570 J, and at a distance of 200 m retains a velocity of V200 = 400 - 420 m / s and an energy of E200 ~ 440 J. The dispersion of two Mi - M2 bullets is 80 mm at a distance of 100 m. At the same time, a decrease in the difference in the initial velocities of the bullets increases the effectiveness of shooting at moving targets. Moreover, the surface 5 of the head part 3 with a diameter ds = 0.65D prevents the ricochet of bullets from water when shooting at an angle of more than 3° to the plane of the water, and each Mi - M2 bullet at a distance of 10 m in water maintains a speed of V10 = 130 m / s.

[0081] Fig. 8 shows an axial longitudinal section of a 5.45*39 mm multi-bullet ammunition containing a bottle-shaped cartridge case 11 with a primer-igniter, a propellant powder charge 2 and two identical cavitating bullets Ci - C2, including a head section 3 with a secant nose surface 12, a leading section 4 with a gliding surface 14 with a largest cross-sectional diameter D = 5.35 mm and a base cut 6 with a base recess 7 or 7d. The gliding surface 14 does not touch the barrel bore when the bullet accelerates in the barrel upon firing, and a thread 16 is made at the end of the head section 3 of the bullet for attaching a sabot 18, which is intended to guide the bullet during acceleration in the barrel upon firing and is separated from the bullet when leaving the barrel. The pallet 18 with the largest cross-sectional diameter Di = 1.047D = 5.60 mm is screwed onto the bullet until it stops against the conical surface 17, which ensures symmetrical fastening of the pallet 18 on the bullet.In the sabot 18 there are two narrow longitudinal symmetrical grooves 19 of depth S = 0.92Di, along which the sabot is divided into two sectors when the bullet leaves the barrel. The front bullet Ci with the sabot 18 is fixed in the mouth of the cartridge case 11, and the head part 3 of the rear bullet Cg is installed in the base recess 7 of the front bullet Ci until their mating surfaces 5 contact, wherein the rear bullet Cg is installed in the cartridge case 11 with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of its base cut 6 with the bottom 8 of the cartridge case 11. Part of the propellant powder charge 2 is placed in the base recess 7A of the rear bullet Cg. Between the surface of the head part 3 of the rear bullet Cg and the surface of the base recess 7 of the front bullet Ci there is formed a compartment 9 with the largest cross-sectional diameter do = 0.42D.The mating surfaces 5 of the head part 3 and the bottom recess 7 have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base di = 0.60D, the diameter of the smaller base do = 0.42D and is equal to the largest diameter of the cross-section of the compartment 9, and the bottom recess 7A of the rear bullet Cg is identical to the bottom recess 7 of the front bullet Ci.

[0082] The secant nose surface 12 with an angle of φ = 120° is connected along the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter of "d" with the surface of the warhead 3. The outer surface of the bullets Ci - C2 from the cavitating edge 13 with a diameter of "d" to the leading edge of the gliding surface 14 with a diameter of "D" is limited by the relationship:

[0083] D

[0084]

[0085] x = d x [1 + (Lx / d) x 2π x sin φ / π] N , Where:

[0086] d = 1.4 mm; f = 120°; tg = 3.14, N = 0.323 and Dx = D = 5.35 mm at Lx = L = 22.6 mm Bullets Ci - C2 are made of tungsten alloy VNZh-90 with a density of p = 16.8 g / cm 3and strength ov = 880 MPa. Pallets 18 are made of bronze BRAZh 9-4 with a density of p = 7.5 g / cm 3 The mass of each bullet is 5.5 g, and the bullet's center of mass is located at a length X = 0.92 D in front of the leading edge of the gliding surface 14, which is located at a length "L", which facilitates stable movement of the bullet within the cavity. The sabot mass is 0.8 g, and the mass of two bullets C1 - C2 with sabot 18 is 12.6 g.

[0087] When fired, the flame force of the primer-igniter through two ignition holes 20 ignites part of the powder charge 2 in the base recess 7 A of the rear bullet Cg, where, due to the small volume, increased pressure of the powder gas is created, which pushes the bullets C1 - C2 fixed in the pallets 18 out of the cartridge case 11. When the bullets move, the combustion of the powder from the base recess 7 d spreads to the powder located between the inner surface of the cartridge case 11 and the outer surface of the bullets. Bullets Ci - C2 are separated by a force F ~ 100 kg as the rear bullet Cg enters the rifling of the barrel bore of the sabot 18, and the cavity between the moving front bullet Ci and the rear bullet Cg, temporarily stopped in the rifling, is filled with propellant gas flowing through the gaps between the inner surface of the barrel and the outer surface of the sabot 18 of the rear bullet Cg and from the burning propellant in the Ge zone. The combustion of propellant charge 2 increases the propellant gas pressure in the barrel behind the rear bullet Cg, which catches up with the front bullet Ci and compresses the cavity between the bullets.When the bullets Ci - Cг close in the barrel, part of the powder gas in the cavity between the bullets accumulates in compartment 9 of the base recess 7. The compression force "F" acting on the mating surface 5 of the bullets Cг - Ci depends on the difference in the pressures of the powder gas in the barrel behind the rear bullet Cг and in the cavity in front of the rear bullet Cг with compartment 9, on the acceleration of both bullets and on the mass of the front bullet Ci with the sabot 18. According to the ballistic calculation, with a difference in these pressures of 1000 bar, the compression force of the mating surfaces 5 of the bullets is F = 110 kg, while the area, strength and geometry of the mating surfaces 5 prevent their deformation, and the powder gas accumulated in compartment 9 ensures separate departure of the bullets from the barrel with practically the same speed Vo = 470 - 490 m / s.

[0088] When the bullet leaves the barrel, the sabot 18 is divided along the grooves 19 into two symmetrical sectors due to the centrifugal force of rotation, and the angle of dispersion of the sabot 18 sectors separated from the bullet does not exceed 5° from the line of fire. In this case, each bullet C1 - C2 weighing 5.5 g at a distance of 100 m maintains a speed of V100 = 420 - 440 m / s and an energy of E00 ~ 530 J, and at a distance of 200 m maintains a speed of V200 = 380 - 400 m / s and an energy of E200 ~ 440 J. The dispersion of two bullets C1 - C2 is 90 mm at a distance of 100 m. Bullets do not ricochet off water when fired from air into water at an angle greater than 7° to the water's surface, and each Ci-C2 bullet maintains a velocity of V15 = 130 m / s at an underwater distance of 15 m, which increases the underwater firing range by 1.5 times compared to Qi-Q2 bullets (Fig. 7). If desired, Ci-C2 bullets do not have a cavitating core and can be used only at air and ground targets.

[0089] Industrial applicability

[0090] The embodiments of the invention presented using 5.56x45mm and 5.45x39mm ammunition are illustrative. The invention can be used with a variety of ammunition, both for hunting and for targeting attack UAVs and FPV drones. Furthermore, increasing the ammunition caliber increases the firing range. Increasing the number of bullets in the ammunition increases the density of fire and the likelihood of hitting the target, thereby increasing firing efficiency. Furthermore, increasing the weapon's rate of fire further increases the density of fire.

[0091] For example, when firing the 5.56*45mm 308 Win (7.62x51 mm) ammunition shown in Fig. 1 and with an initial velocity of three bullets Vo = 580 - 600 m / s, each bullet weighing 6.0 g at a distance of 400 m maintains a velocity of V400 = 280 - 300 m / s and an energy of E400 ~ 250 J. When firing the 5.45x39mm 308 Win (7.62x51 mm) ammunition shown in Fig. 6 and with an initial velocity of four bullets Vo = 520 - 540 m / s, each bullet weighing 5.2 g at a distance of 300 m maintains a velocity of V300 = 260 - 270 m / s and an energy of Ezoo ~ 190 J. When firing these ammunition from the M134 Minigun machine gun (see: https: / / ru.wikipedia.org / wiki / M134_Minigun) with a rate of fire of 6000 rounds per minute, the density of fire increases to 300 or 400 bullets per second, respectively.

[0092] Equipping the rear bullet with a tracer installed in the 7d base recess while maintaining a certain volume in it to accommodate part of the propellant charge increases the effectiveness of shooting due to the ability to adjust the aiming point, for example, when firing at an attacking UAV or FPV drone.

[0093] The presented examples of the invention illustrate, but do not limit the invention, and specialists in this field of technology will be able to develop many alternative embodiments of this invention.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A multi-bullet ammunition for small arms, comprising a bottle-shaped cartridge case with a primer igniter, a propellant powder charge and at least two bullets, including a head part, a leading part with a largest cross-sectional diameter equal to "D" and a base cut with a base recess, wherein the front bullet is fixed in the mouth of the cartridge case, and the head part of each subsequent bullet is installed in the base recess of the previous bullet until their mating surfaces contact, characterized in that the subsequent bullets are installed in the cartridge case with the possibility of movement limited by the contact of the base cut of the rear bullet with the bottom of the cartridge case, wherein part of the propellant powder charge is placed in the base recess of the rear bullet, and between the surface of the head part of each subsequent bullet and the surface of the base recess of the previous bullet a compartment is formed with a largest cross-sectional diameter "do" equal to 0.3 - 0.7D and intended for the accumulation of powder gas when acceleration of bullets in the barrel of a firearm when fired.

2. An ammunition according to item 1, characterized in that each bullet has a secant nose surface, connected to the surface of the head part along the cavitating edge with a diameter of "d" and intended to form a cavity during high-speed movement of the bullet in water, and in the leading part of each bullet a gliding surface with a cross-sectional diameter equal to "D" is made and intended to stabilize the bullet in the cavity due to one-sided periodic washing and gliding along the contour of the cavity.

3. Ammunition according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the mating surfaces of the head part and the base recess have the form of a lateral surface of a truncated cone, in which the diameter of the larger base "di" does not exceed 0.85D, and the diameter of the smaller base is equal to the largest diameter "do" of the cross-section of the compartment.

4. Ammunition according to item 3, characterized in that in the head part of each subsequent bullet and the base recess of the previous bullet, guide cylindrical surfaces are made, between which a radial gap “bo” equal to 0.005 - 0.025D ​​is formed.

5. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mating surfaces of the head of the subsequent bullet and the base recess of the previous bullet are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the bullets, and in the head of each subsequent bullet and the base recess of the previous bullet, guide cylindrical surfaces are formed, between which a radial gap “bo” equal to 0.005 - 0.025D ​​is formed.

6. Ammunition according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in the plane of the cross-section of the bullet, the outer surface of the leading part is made oval in shape, the largest and smallest diameters of which are in mutually perpendicular directions and differ by a selected value equal to 0.004 - 0.009D.

7. Ammunition according to paragraph 1, characterized in that each bullet is equipped with a detachable sabot, designed to guide the bullet during acceleration in the barrel of a small arms fire and separating from the bullet when the bullet leaves the barrel of a small arms fire.

8. Ammunition according to item 1, characterized in that the rear bullet is equipped with a tracer.

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