Charging system and battery pack

Abstract

A charging system and a battery pack. The charging system comprises: an electrical energy conversion apparatus and a plurality of electrical energy receiving apparatuses connected in a cascaded manner, the charging system being configured to charge battery packs electrically connected to the electrical energy receiving apparatuses; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device by means of the communication module and perform data exchange. The communication module comprises one or more communication sub-modules. The communication sub-module is configured to broadcast to the outside broadcast information carrying an identifier of data to be transmitted. The external device or another communication sub-module is configured to, after scanning the broadcast information, actively establish a communication connection with the communication sub-module that broadcasted to the outside, so as to acquire the data to be transmitted of said communication sub-module.

Description

Charging system and battery pack Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power tool technology, such as a charging system and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Power tools widely used in various scenarios such as landscaping and decoration currently mostly use lithium batteries for power supply. Battery packs composed of lithium battery cells can be installed and removed from various power tools. These battery packs are rechargeable and can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Some power tools can share the same battery pack at different times, while others require different battery packs. Furthermore, as the power of tools increases, some power tools need to use multiple battery packs simultaneously, or the battery packs need to be replaced during operation to extend battery life. Against this backdrop, the need for scenarios where multiple battery packs can be charged simultaneously or at different times has gradually emerged. This, in turn, raises the issue of data transmission and management control between devices in this charging scenario.

[0003] This section provides background information related to this application, which is not necessarily prior art.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of this application is to solve or at least mitigate some or all of the aforementioned problems. To this end, this application provides a charging system and a battery pack.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0007] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules; the communication sub-module is configured to broadcast broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier, and an external device or another communication sub-module is configured to actively establish a communication connection with the broadcasting communication sub-module after scanning the broadcast information to obtain the data to be transmitted by the communication sub-module.

[0008] In some embodiments, the power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to a power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connected between the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes a power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

[0009] In some embodiments, the communication submodule includes a Bluetooth submodule as a data sender and / or a Bluetooth gateway submodule as a data receiver.

[0010] In some embodiments, the power conversion device includes a charger, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule disposed within the charger.

[0011] In some embodiments, the power receiving device includes an adapter, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within the adapter.

[0012] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within the battery pack.

[0013] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth gateway submodule is configured to periodically listen for and scan broadcast messages at a preset frequency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the communication submodule further includes a Wi-Fi submodule or a Cellular submodule, and the charging system is configured to interact with external devices via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

[0015] In some embodiments, the external device includes a cloud server.

[0016] In some embodiments, the charging system is configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with external devices based on the operating state of at least one of the power conversion device, power receiving device, and battery pack.

[0017] In some embodiments, the communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and an external device; the communication module includes a storage unit, in which data that has not yet been transmitted is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted, and the communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0018] In some embodiments, the communication module forms a wired communication link and a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and an external device, and the communication module is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

[0019] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules; the communication sub-module acting as a data sender has a broadcast state and a connected state, the communication sub-module broadcasting broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier in the broadcast state, and the communication sub-module performing data transmission in the connected state; the external device acting as a data receiver or another communication sub-module actively establishes a communication connection with the communication sub-module in the broadcast state after scanning the broadcast information, so that the communication sub-module enters the connected state.

[0020] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; one or more of the power conversion device, power receiving devices, and battery pack are provided with communication modules, the communication sub-modules forming a communication subsystem of the charging system, the communication subsystem being configured to perform data interaction within the subsystem and / or between the subsystem and external devices.

[0021] In some embodiments, the communication submodule acting as the data sender is configured to return to the broadcast state after the current data transmission is completed in the connected state, or after the duration of not receiving a response from the data receiver in the connected state exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0022] A battery pack includes: a battery pack housing; battery cell units housed within the battery pack housing; a terminal assembly configured to couple with a power tool or adapter for power transmission; and a communication module configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction; wherein the communication module is further configured to broadcast broadcast information carrying a data transmission identifier, so that the external device actively establishes a communication connection with the communication module and performs data interaction after scanning the broadcast information.

[0023] In some embodiments, power tools include handheld power tools and riding vehicles.

[0024] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the charging system is further configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device based on the operating state of at least one of the power conversion device, the power receiving devices, and the battery pack.

[0025] In some embodiments, the charging system is configured to adjust the data interaction frequency based on the idle duration during which the power conversion device remains idle.

[0026] In some embodiments, the operating state includes an emergency event, and the charging system is configured to perform data interaction with an external device when an emergency event occurs; the emergency event includes battery pack insertion / removal and / or fault alarm.

[0027] In some embodiments, the charging system is also configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with external devices based on instructions from external devices.

[0028] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a storage unit, which is configured to store fault information in the storage unit when communication with an external device is interrupted, and to transmit the fault information to the external device after communication is restored.

[0029] In some embodiments, the communication module forms a wired communication link and a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and an external device, and the communication module is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

[0030] In some embodiments, the communication module includes one or more of a Bluetooth submodule, a Bluetooth gateway submodule, a Wi-Fi submodule, and a Cellular submodule, and the charging system is configured to interact with external devices via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

[0031] In some embodiments, the power conversion device, power receiving device, and battery pack each interact with external devices at frequencies that are at least partially different.

[0032] In some embodiments, the communication module also forms a wired communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and external devices, and the power conversion device, power receiving device, and battery pack each interact with data at the same frequency through the wired communication link.

[0033] A charging assembly includes an adapter and a battery pack detachably electrically connected to the adapter; the adapter includes: an adapter housing; a power input port configured to receive power to charge the battery pack; and at least one connection portion for detachable electrical connection of the battery pack; wherein the charging assembly further includes a communication module, the charging assembly being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction via the communication module; the charging assembly is further configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device or power conversion device based on the operating state of the adapter and / or the battery pack.

[0034] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within at least a portion of the battery pack and / or at least a portion of the adapter.

[0035] In some embodiments, the external device or power conversion device is equipped with a Bluetooth gateway submodule.

[0036] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device; the communication module includes a storage unit, in which uncompleted data is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted, and the communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0037] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to clear the data in the storage unit after the data transmission is completed.

[0038] In some embodiments, the communication module is further configured to transmit fault information corresponding to the wireless communication link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0039] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to add device identifiers of power receiving devices and / or power conversion devices that pass through the data when transmitting data.

[0040] In some embodiments, the device identifier includes the device MAC address or the device ID.

[0041] In some embodiments, the communication module includes one or more of the following: Bluetooth submodule, Bluetooth gateway submodule, Wi-Fi submodule, and Cellular submodule.

[0042] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to interact with an external device via at least one of a Bluetooth submodule, a Wi-Fi submodule, and a Cellular submodule.

[0043] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule and a Wi-Fi submodule disposed within the power conversion device.

[0044] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the battery pack and / or at least a portion of the power receiving device in the charging system is provided with a Bluetooth submodule.

[0045] In some embodiments, the storage unit is the storage unit of the Bluetooth submodule.

[0046] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to record the offset identifier corresponding to the currently uncompleted data transmission when the wireless communication link is interrupted, and to continue the uncompleted data transmission before the link interruption based on the recorded offset identifier after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0047] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to dynamically update the offset identifier or bitmap identifier corresponding to the transmitted data when transmitting data using a wireless communication link, and to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption based on the currently recorded offset identifier or bitmap identifier after the wireless communication link is interrupted and then restored.

[0048] In some embodiments, the communication module is configured to continue data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption if the wireless communication link is restored within a limited time after an interruption.

[0049] A charging assembly includes an adapter and a battery pack detachably electrically connected to the adapter. The adapter includes: an adapter housing; a power input port configured to receive power to charge the battery pack; and at least one connection portion for detachable electrical connection of the battery pack. The charging assembly further includes a communication module configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission between the charging assembly and the external device or between the charging assembly and a power conversion device. The communication module includes a storage unit where, in the event of an interruption of the wireless communication link, currently uncompleted data is stored. The communication module is configured to continue data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0050] A battery pack includes: a battery pack housing; battery cell units housed within the battery pack housing; a terminal assembly configured to couple with a power tool or adapter for power transmission; and a communication module configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction. The communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission between the battery pack and the external device or between the battery pack and a charger. The communication module includes a storage unit where, in the event of an interruption of the wireless communication link, currently uncompleted data is stored. The communication module is configured to continue data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

[0051] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or a bus-based wired communication link between the charging system and external devices, and the communication module is configured to simultaneously transmit data through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

[0052] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule and / or a Bluetooth gateway submodule.

[0053] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a bus and a Bluetooth submodule disposed within at least a portion of the battery pack, wherein battery pack data is transmitted simultaneously via a bus-based wired communication link and a Bluetooth submodule-based wireless communication link.

[0054] In some embodiments, battery pack data includes one or more of the following: discharge duration, discharge capacity, charge / discharge cycles, battery pack cycle count, maximum recoverable capacity, and fault information within a preset time period.

[0055] In some embodiments, the power conversion device is configured to receive control data from an external device via a wireless communication link and transmit the control data to a power receiving device and / or a battery pack via a wired communication link.

[0056] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule is configured to broadcast broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier; the Bluetooth gateway submodule is configured to actively establish a communication connection with the Bluetooth submodule after scanning the broadcast information to obtain the data to be transmitted from the Bluetooth submodule.

[0057] In some embodiments, the communication module further includes a Wi-Fi submodule or a Cellular submodule, and the communication module is configured to interact with external devices via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

[0058] In some embodiments, the communication module includes a wired communication link based on an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.

[0059] In some embodiments, the wired communication link and the wireless communication link transmit the same data simultaneously, and / or the wired communication link and the wireless communication link transmit different data simultaneously.

[0060] A charging system includes: a power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module; wherein the communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or a bus-based wired communication link between the charging system and the external device; the communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules, wherein a communication sub-module acting as a data sender selectively transmits data through one of the two communication links (wired or wireless) based on the link status of its connection to the external device acting as a data receiver or another communication sub-module.

[0061] In some embodiments, the communication submodule is configured to switch between the wired or wireless communication link used based on the busy status of the two communication links.

[0062] In some embodiments, the communication submodule is configured to be either a wired communication link or a wireless communication link used for switching the signal strength of two communication links.

[0063] In some embodiments, the power conversion device is configured to receive control data from an external device via a wireless communication link and transmit the control data to a power receiving device and / or a battery pack via a wired communication link.

[0064] A management system for a charging system includes: a charging system comprising: at least one power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction through the communication module; external devices including: a display; a transceiver configured to receive status data of the charging system from the communication module; and a processor configured to simultaneously display status data of the power conversion device, the power receiving devices, and the battery pack on the main interface of the display.

[0065] In some embodiments, the external device is configured to establish a communication connection with the power conversion device and receive status data from the charging system.

[0066] In some embodiments, the status data of the power conversion device includes one or more of the following: the start time of the charging system, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

[0067] In some embodiments, the status data of the power receiving device includes the number of downstream power receiving devices cascaded to the power receiving device, the number of battery packs electrically connected to the power receiving device, and one or more of the following: the start time of operation of the power receiving device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

[0068] In some embodiments, the battery pack status data includes the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, and the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality.

[0069] In some embodiments, the battery pack status data also includes the real-time charging progress of the charging system, which includes the number of battery packs currently fully charged, the number of battery packs being charged, and the number of battery packs waiting to be charged.

[0070] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes a first type of battery pack with Bluetooth functionality and a second type of battery pack without Bluetooth functionality. After the first type of battery pack or the second type of battery pack is electrically connected to the charging system or charging assembly, the power receiving device or power conversion device identifies the first type of battery pack or the second type of battery pack based on the transmitted device identifier.

[0071] In some embodiments, the status data of the battery pack may also include one or more of the following: real-time SoC of each battery pack, elapsed charging time, and remaining charging time.

[0072] In some embodiments, the processor is also configured to simultaneously display charging system fault information on the main interface of the display.

[0073] In some embodiments, the main interface includes a directory display area, which includes a function menu that the user can select. The function menu includes user information and device information of the charging system.

[0074] A management system for a charging system includes: a charging system comprising: at least one power conversion device and multiple cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction through the communication module; external devices including: a display; a transceiver configured to receive status data of the charging system from the communication module; the display having a main interface, the main interface including an operating status display area, a fault information display area, and a menu display area; wherein the operating status display area displays at least the operating status of the power conversion device and the battery pack, and the menu display area includes a function menu selectable by the user.

[0075] In some embodiments, the function menu includes user information and device information for the charging system.

[0076] In some embodiments, the operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the start time of operation of the power conversion device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

[0077] In some embodiments, the operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality, and the real-time charging progress of the charging system.

[0078] An external device includes: a display and a transceiver; a processor configured to display status data of a charging system on the main interface of the display; the external device is configured to interact with a power conversion device or battery pack within the charging system via the transceiver; the main interface includes an operating status display area, a fault information display area, and a menu display area; wherein the operating status display area displays at least the operating status of the power conversion device and the battery pack, and the menu display area includes a function menu selectable by the user.

[0079] In some embodiments, the external device is configured to transmit corresponding control data to the charging system via a transceiver in response to user input, so as to adjust the corresponding parameters of the charging system.

[0080] In some embodiments, the charging system includes: at least one power conversion device and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction through the communication module.

[0081] In some embodiments, the function menu includes user information and device information for the charging system.

[0082] In some embodiments, the operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the start time of operation of the power conversion device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

[0083] In some embodiments, the operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality, and the real-time charging progress of the charging system.

[0084] In some embodiments, the external device includes one or more of a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, and smart wearable device.

[0085] An electric wheeled device includes: a frame; a set of wheels mounted to the frame; a motor having a drive shaft and configured to drive the set of wheels; a power supply component configured to supply power to the motor; a wireless communication module configured to communicate with an external device; and an energy storage component configured to supply power to the wireless communication module. The power supply component is connected to both the energy storage component and the wireless communication module, and the energy storage component is also connected to the wireless communication module. When the electric wheeled device is powered on, the power supply component charges the energy storage component and supplies power to the wireless communication module. When the electric wheeled device is powered off, the energy storage component supplies power to the wireless communication module.

[0086] In some embodiments, the electric wheeled device further includes a power switching module, which is configured to: control the power supply component to supply power to the wireless communication module when the electric wheeled device is in the power-on state; and control the energy storage component to supply power to the wireless communication module when the electric wheeled device is in the power-off state.

[0087] In some embodiments, the electric wheeled device further includes a first voltage regulator module, a first end of which is connected to a power supply component, and a second end of which is connected to an energy storage component and a power switching module.

[0088] In some embodiments, the electric wheeled device further includes a second voltage regulator module, the first end of which is connected to the power switching module, and the second end of which is connected to the wireless communication module.

[0089] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module includes a Bluetooth module configured to connect the electric wheeled device to an external device.

[0090] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module includes a positioning module configured to acquire the real-time location of the electric wheeled device.

[0091] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module includes a 4G module, which is configured to send status information of the electric wheeled device to an external device.

[0092] In some embodiments, the electric wheeled device further includes a control module connected to the wireless communication module. The control module includes a wake-up component configured to wake up the wireless communication module when the electric wheeled device is in a powered-off state.

[0093] In some embodiments, the electric wheeled device includes a preset receiving space, the preset receiving space including a cover, and a wireless communication module is fixedly installed under the cover of the preset receiving space.

[0094] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module is disposed on the first side of the communication circuit board, and the energy storage component is disposed on the second side of the communication circuit board. Attached Figure Description

[0095] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging system as an example;

[0096] Figure 2A is a perspective view of a battery pack as an example;

[0097] Figure 2B is a perspective view of the internal structure of the battery pack shown in Figure 2A;

[0098] Figure 3A is a perspective view of a charging assembly and adapter as an example;

[0099] Figure 3B is a perspective view of the charging assembly and adapter as another embodiment;

[0100] Figure 4 is a plan view of a charger and part of its internal structure as an example;

[0101] Figure 5A is a perspective view of a riding vehicle as an example;

[0102] Figure 5B is a perspective view of a power tool as an example;

[0103] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the communication submodule broadcasting to the outside in the charging system shown in Figure 1;

[0104] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of another system for broadcasting to the outside from the communication submodule in the charging system shown in Figure 1;

[0105] Figure 7 is a flowchart of the broadcasting and connection of the communication module in the charging system shown in Figures 6A and 6B;

[0106] Figure 8 is a flowchart of the communication module link in the charging system shown in Figure 1 being interrupted and then restored before resuming transmission.

[0107] Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of the wired and wireless communication links within the charging system shown in Figure 1;

[0108] Figure 9B is another schematic diagram of the wired and wireless communication links in the charging system shown in Figure 1;

[0109] Figure 10 is a flowchart of the process of switching between wired and wireless communication links in the charging system shown in Figure 1.

[0110] Figure 11A is a system schematic diagram of the management system of a charging system as an example;

[0111] Figure 11B is the electrical control schematic diagram of the internal and external equipment of the management system shown in Figure 11A;

[0112] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the main interface of the internal and external device displays of the management system shown in Figure 11A;

[0113] Figure 13 is another schematic diagram of the main interface of the internal and external device display of the management system shown in Figure 11A;

[0114] Figure 14 is a perspective view of an electric wheeled device as an example;

[0115] Figure 15 is a perspective view of the electric wheeled device shown in Figure 14 from another angle.

[0116] Figure 16 is a top view of the electric wheeled device shown in Figure 14;

[0117] Figure 17 is a perspective view of the wireless communication module and energy storage components of the electric wheeled device shown in Figure 14.

[0118] Figure 18 is a perspective view of the internal structure of the wireless communication module shown in Figure 17;

[0119] Figure 19 is a connection diagram of the power supply component, energy storage component and wireless communication module as an example;

[0120] Figure 20 is a connection diagram of the power supply component, energy storage component, wireless communication module and voltage regulator module as another embodiment;

[0121] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the power supply component, energy storage component, wireless communication module and control module as an example;

[0122] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the energy storage component and the energy storage component detection module as an example.

[0123] Attached image caption:

[0124] 1. Charging system; 10. Charging assembly; 2. Management system;

[0125] 100. Battery pack; 200. Power receiving device; 200a. Adapter; 300. Power conversion device; 300a. Charger; 400. Power tool / riding vehicle; 500. Communication module; 600. External device;

[0126] 110. Battery pack casing; 120. Battery cell unit; 130. Terminal assembly;

[0127] 210. Adapter housing; 220. Connecting part; 231. Power input port; 232. Power output port;

[0128] 310. Charger housing; 320. Conversion circuit; 331. Power interface; 332. Connection port;

[0129] 510. Communication submodule; 511. First communication submodule; 512. Second communication submodule; 513. Third communication submodule; 510a. Bluetooth submodule; 510b. Bluetooth gateway submodule; 510c. Wi-Fi submodule; 510d. Cellular submodule; 520. Wireless communication link; 521. Bluetooth-Bluetooth gateway wireless communication link; 522. Wi-Fi or Cellular wireless communication link; 530. Wired communication link; 531. Bus wired communication link; 540. Storage unit;

[0130] 610. Monitor; 611. Main interface; 620. Transceiver; 630. Processor; 611a. Running status display area; 611b. Directory display area; 611c. Fault information display area. Detailed Implementation

[0131] Before explaining any implementation of this application in detail, it should be understood that this application is not limited to its application to the structural details and component arrangements set forth in the following description or shown in the above drawings.

[0132] In this application, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0133] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "and / or" relationship.

[0134] In this application, the terms "connection," "combination," "coupling," and "installation" can refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, a direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without the need for an intermediary, while an indirect connection refers to two parts or components each being connected to at least one intermediary, with the connection achieved through the intermediary. Furthermore, "connection" and "coupling" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, but can also include electrical connections or couplings.

[0135] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that relative terms (e.g., “about,” “approximately,” “basically,” etc.) used in conjunction with quantities or conditions are to include the values ​​and have the meaning indicated by the context. For example, such relative terms include at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of a particular value, tolerances associated with the particular value due to manufacturing, assembly, use, etc. Such terms should also be considered as disclosing a range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints. Relative terms may refer to a certain percentage (e.g., 1%, 5%, 10% or more) of the indicated value. Numerical values ​​not using relative terms should also be disclosed as specific values ​​with tolerances. Furthermore, “basically” when expressing relative angular relationships (e.g., substantially parallel, substantially perpendicular) may refer to a certain degree (e.g., 1 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees or more) added to or subtracted from the indicated angle.

[0136] In this application, those skilled in the art will understand that the function performed by a component can be performed by one component, multiple components, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one component, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0137] In this application, the directional terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are used to describe the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when an element is mentioned as being connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional terms such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, and rear side not only represent positive orientation but can also be understood as lateral orientation. For example, "below" can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front, and lower rear.

[0138] In this application, the terms "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," and "MCU" are used interchangeably. When using the unit "controller," "processor," "central processing unit," "CPU," or "MCU" to perform a specific function, unless otherwise stated, these functions may be performed by a single or multiple of the aforementioned units.

[0139] In this application, the terms "device," "module," or "unit" are used to describe devices that can be implemented in hardware or software to perform a specific function.

[0140] In this application, the terms “calculation,” “judgment,” “control,” “determine,” “identify,” etc., refer to the operation and process of a computer system or similar electronic computing device (e.g., controller, processor, etc.).

[0141] The technical solution proposed in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0142] First, referring to Figures 2A and 2B, the battery pack 100 of this application will be described. A battery pack 100 can be considered as an independent device, and the battery pack 100 includes at least a battery pack housing 110 constituting its main body, battery cell units 120 for storing electrical energy, and terminal assemblies 130 for transmitting electrical energy. Furthermore, the battery pack 100 of this application will also involve a communication module 500 to achieve the communication or management functions that this application aims to improve; the details of the communication module 500 will be described in detail later.

[0143] The battery pack housing 110 serves to support, connect, limit, and fix other components of the battery pack 100. An accommodating space is formed inside the battery pack housing 110. One or more battery cell units 120 are accommodated within this housing accommodating space. The battery cell unit 120 can be a lithium-ion battery, including but not limited to ternary lithium-ion cells and lithium iron phosphate cells; the battery cell unit 120 can be a cylindrical battery, a prismatic battery, or a pouch battery; the battery cell unit 120 can be a single-tab battery, a bitab battery, or a multi-tab battery. A cell support is generally also provided inside the battery pack housing 110, which supports and protects at least some of the battery cell units 120. A terminal assembly 130 is at least partially disposed on the battery pack housing 110, and may include positive and negative terminals for charging and discharging the cells, and may further include communication terminals for transmitting battery pack data via wired communication. The battery pack housing 110 typically also contains components for transmitting electrical energy and / or data, such as cell connecting pieces and electronic cables, as well as components related to control and management functions, such as circuit boards, controllers, and sensors.

[0144] The battery pack 100 in this application can be detachably connected to the power tool 400. One battery pack 100 can be installed on different power tools 400 to power them. The different power tools 400 can be different tools of the same type or different types of tools. For example, one battery pack 100 may be compatible with one or several chainsaws, or it may be compatible with several chainsaws, several ride-on lawnmowers, or even several pruning machines. A power tool 400 can also be equipped with different battery packs 100 to receive power. For example, one power tool 400 may be compatible with two battery packs 100. These two battery packs 100 may differ in materials, appearance, mechanical structure, and / or electrical characteristics such as capacity and voltage. For example, the new battery pack 100 may have Bluetooth functionality while the old battery pack 100 may not. In summary, multiple identical or at least partially different battery packs 100 can have relatively complex compatibility relationships with one or more power tools 400, which will not be listed here. However, different power tools 400 that can share the same battery pack 100 or different battery packs 100 that can be used by the same power tool 400 generally have the same or similar interface structures.

[0145] Next, referring to Figures 3A and 3B, the charging assembly 10 of this application will be described. The charging assembly 10 consists of an adapter 200a and a battery pack 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a. One main configuration of the charging assembly 10 includes one adapter 200a and one or more battery packs 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a. Other configurations may include multiple adapters 200a in a cascaded relationship and one or more battery packs 100 detachably electrically connected to each adapter 200a.

[0146] In the charging assembly 10, the same adapter 200a can provide detachable electrical connection for one or more battery packs 100. This electrical connection is primarily achieved through interface mating. However, it is possible that the interface of the battery pack 100 and the interface of the adapter 200a cannot be directly mated, thus requiring an additional connecting wire. It is also possible that the battery pack 100 and the adapter 200a are wirelessly connected via a coupling coil. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3A, the adapter 200a has multiple identical interface structures for inserting the battery pack 100, allowing it to electrically connect to multiple identical battery packs 100. In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 3B, at least some of the interfaces on the adapter 200a for inserting the battery pack 100 have different structures. For example, the adapter 200a may have two types of interfaces, allowing it to electrically connect to two different battery packs 100. In other words, in some embodiments, the mechanical structures and / or electrical characteristics of multiple battery packs 100 electrically connected to the same adapter 200a are identical; in other embodiments, the mechanical structures and / or electrical characteristics of multiple battery packs 100 electrically connected to the same adapter 200a are at least partially different. The mechanical structure of the battery pack 100 may include model, size, material, appearance, interface type, etc., while the electrical characteristics of the battery pack 100 may include cell type, nominal capacity, nominal voltage, average charge / discharge current, average charge / discharge power, etc.

[0147] As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the adapter 200a includes at least an adapter housing 210 constituting its main body, a power input port 231 for receiving electrical power, and at least one connecting portion 220 for detachable electrical connection to the battery pack 100. Alternatively, it may further include a power output port 232 for outputting electrical power to a downstream adapter 200a cascaded with the adapter 200a. The adapter housing 210 can support, connect, limit, and fix other components of the adapter 200a, and has an internal accommodating space. Related circuitry can be accommodated within this housing space, and the power input port 231, power output port 232, and connecting portion 220 can be disposed on or formed on the adapter housing 210. Furthermore, the adapter 200a of this application also involves a communication module 500 to achieve the communication or management functions that this application aims to improve; the details of the communication module 500 will be described in detail below.

[0148] Next, referring to Figures 1 to 5B, the charging system 1 of this application will be described. The charging system 1 consists of a charger 300a (charging station / charging pile) and adapters 200a cascaded together, and may further include a battery pack 100 and / or a power tool 400. One main configuration of the charging system 1 includes a charger 300a, an adapter 200a electrically connected to the charger 300a, and one or more other adapters 200a cascaded to the adapter 200a. Furthermore, each adapter 200a can be detachably electrically connected to one or more battery packs 100. In some embodiments, the charging system 1 may be considered to include the battery pack 100 in addition to the charger 300a and adapters 200a. Based on this, in one possible configuration, any adapter 200a in the cascade relationship can also be replaced by a power tool 400, such as a riding vehicle 400. That is, the downstream device cascaded to the adapter 200a can be the power tool 400, or the adapter 200a can be cascaded to the power tool 400. The battery pack 100 can be detachably electrically connected to both the adapter 200a and the power tool 400. It can be understood that the battery pack 100 is electrically connected to either the adapter 200a or the power tool 400 in the cascade relationship to charge the battery pack 100, and the battery pack 100 is also electrically connected to the power tool 400 to supply power.

[0149] As shown in Figure 4, the charger 300a includes at least a charger housing 310 constituting its main body, a power interface 331 for connecting to an external power source, a connection port 332 for electrically connecting to an adapter 200a or a power tool 400, and a conversion circuit 320 connecting the power interface 331 and the connection port 332. The charger housing 310 provides support, connection, positioning, and fixation for other components of the charger 300a, and has an internal accommodating space. The conversion circuit 320 can be accommodated within this space, and the power interface 331 and connection port 332 can be mounted on the charger housing 310. Furthermore, the charger 300a of this application also includes a communication module 500 to achieve the communication or management functions that this application aims to improve; the details of the communication module 500 will be described in detail below.

[0150] To ensure clarity and conciseness in the following descriptions of the technical solutions in this application and to avoid confusion with similar devices in related technologies, the devices in this application are uniformly named as follows: chargers, charging stations, charging piles, and other similar devices capable of connecting to external power sources such as mains power to introduce electrical energy into the system are referred to as power conversion devices 300. Adapters, electric tools such as ride-on vehicles, and other similar devices capable of cascading and charging battery packs electrically connected to them are referred to as power receiving devices 200. If we consider the battery pack 100, the power receiving device 200, and the power conversion device 300 as independent devices, then the charging system 1 described above will include at least two types of devices: the power conversion device 300 and the power receiving device 200 (or further include the battery pack 100). The power receiving device 200 and other such devices are cascaded within the charging system 1. One of the functions of the charging system 1 is to use an external power source to collaboratively charge multiple battery packs 100. For example, a charger 300a can be connected to the mains power and multiple cascaded adapters 200a can transmit converted electrical energy to charge the multiple battery packs 100 mounted in the system. The charging assembly 10 described above includes two types of devices: battery pack 100 and power receiving device 200. One or more battery packs 100 are detachably electrically connected to the power receiving device 200. One of the functions of the charging assembly 10 is to use a portable power receiving device 200 to charge one or more battery packs 100. For example, a relatively portable adapter 200a can be used to charge one or more battery packs 100 in the venue. The charging assembly 10 described below will be illustrated by the adapter 200a and the battery pack 100 on it.

[0151] The power conversion device 300, such as the charger, includes at least a power interface 331, a connection port 332, and a conversion circuit 320 connected between the power interface 331 and the connection port 332. The power interface 331 is electrically connected to an external power source to introduce power into the charging system 1, and the connection port 332 is electrically connected to the power receiving device 200 to input power into it. The conversion circuit 320 can convert the power provided by the external power source into a form that meets the system's expectations, including but not limited to related circuits such as AC-DC conversion, buck-boost conversion, rectification and filtering.

[0152] A power receiving device 200, such as an adapter or power tool, includes at least a power input port 231, and may further include a power output port 232. The power input port 231 of the power receiving device 200 can be electrically connected to the connection port 332 of the power conversion device 300, or can be electrically connected to the power output port 232 of a cascaded upper-level power receiving device 200; the power output port 232 of the power receiving device 200 can be electrically connected to the power input port 231 of a cascaded lower-level power receiving device 200. The number of power input ports 231 provided on the same power receiving device 200 is generally one; the number of power output ports 232 provided on the same power receiving device 200 can be one or more.

[0153] The following describes the power tools 400 served by the battery pack 100, charging assembly 10, or charging system 1 in this application. These may include various different types of power tools 400. In some embodiments, the power tools 400 served by the battery pack 100, charging assembly 10, or charging system 1 include handheld power tools. Optionally, the handheld power tools 400 may include garden handheld power tools, such as pruning machines, hair dryers, lawn mowers, chainsaws, etc. Optionally, the handheld power tools 400 may include construction handheld power tools, such as screwdrivers, hammer drills, electric drills, reciprocating saws, etc. Optionally, the handheld power tools 400 may include household handheld power tools, such as electric drills, angle grinders, circular saws, etc. In other embodiments, the power tools 400 served by the battery pack 100, charging assembly 10, or charging system 1 include ride-on vehicles, which are outdoor power devices, including but not limited to ride-on lawnmowers, stand-up lawnmowers, and ATVs (All Terrain Vehicles), UTVs (Utility Vehicles), and SSVs (Side-by-side Vehicles). In some embodiments, the power tools 400 served by the battery pack 100, charging assembly 10, or charging system 1 include handheld power tools and ride-on vehicles. In some embodiments, the power tools 400 served by the battery pack 100, charging assembly 10, or charging system 1 may include robotic tools, such as robotic lawnmowers and robotic snowplows.

[0154] After clarifying the relevant concepts, this application provides a further detailed explanation of the various technical solutions proposed in this application. This application mainly aims to improve the charging system 1, charging assembly 10, and battery pack 100 in terms of data communication or control management. The charging system 1, charging assembly 10, and battery pack 100 can generate a large amount of data during the charging process of battery pack 100. In particular, in more complex scenarios such as charging system 1 involving cascaded adapter 200a connected to multiple battery packs 100 for charging, and charging assembly 10 involving adapter 200a inserted into multiple battery packs 100 for charging, recording, transmitting, and collecting the power receiving data of the above-mentioned devices are of great value for safety assurance and other optimizations. One purpose of this application is to make the data transmission between the charging system 1, charging assembly 10, and battery pack 10 and external device 600, as well as within the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10, more efficient and energy-saving.

[0155] In one alternative implementation, referring to Figures 1 to 7, the charging system 1 described above, including a power conversion device 300 and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices 200, further includes a communication module 500. The charging system 1 is configured to charge battery packs 100 electrically connected to the power receiving devices 200 within the system, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 via the communication module 500 to achieve data interaction with the external device 600. Continuing from the preceding description, the power conversion device 300 converts electrical energy from an external power source into electrical energy that meets the system requirements and inputs it to the first-stage power receiving device 200 in the cascaded relationship electrically connected to its connection port 332. The plurality of cascaded power receiving devices 200 will successively receive electrical energy, thereby charging each battery pack 100 electrically connected to each power receiving device 200.

[0156] The communication module 500 of the charging system 1 may include one or more communication submodules 510, and the multiple communication submodules 510 may be respectively disposed on different devices. Specifically, the above-mentioned communication submodule 510 may be disposed on any device in the charging system 1: any battery pack 100, any power receiving device 200, or power conversion device 300. In some embodiments, each or some of the battery packs 100 in the charging system 1 are provided with communication submodules 510. For clarity, the communication submodule disposed on the battery pack 100 is referred to here and thereafter as the first communication submodule 511. In some embodiments, each or some of the power receiving devices 200 in the charging system 1 are provided with communication submodules 510. The communication submodule disposed on the power receiving device 200 or the adapter 200a is referred to here and thereafter as the second communication submodule 512. In some embodiments, the power conversion device 300 in the charging system 1 is provided with a communication submodule 510. Here and thereafter, the communication submodule provided on the power conversion device 300 or the charger 300a is referred to as the third communication submodule 513. When the device is provided with a communication submodule 510, the number of communication submodules 510 on the same device can be one or more. In this application, the communication submodules provided on each device mainly include one or more of the following: Bluetooth submodule 510a, Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, and Cellular submodule 510d. For example, the third communication submodule 513 of the power conversion device 300 or the charger 300a may include Bluetooth submodule 510a or Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, and may also include Wi-Fi submodule 510c and / or Cellular submodule 510d.

[0157] In some embodiments, the communication module 500 of the charging system 1 includes a third communication submodule 513, a second communication submodule 512, and a first communication submodule 511. In other embodiments, the communication module 500 of the charging system 1 includes a third communication submodule 513 and a second communication submodule 512, or includes a third communication submodule 513 and a first communication submodule 511. In still other embodiments, the communication submodule 510 of the charging system 1 includes a second communication submodule 512 and a first communication submodule 511. In yet another embodiment, the communication submodule 510 of the charging system 1 includes a first communication submodule 511, or includes a second communication submodule 512, or includes a third communication submodule 513. The number of the first, second, and third communication sub-modules 511, 512, and 513 in the charging system 1 can be multiple. This is because there can be multiple communication sub-modules 510 on the same device, and because there is more than one device of a certain type in the system. Furthermore, the number of second communication sub-modules 512 can vary depending on the number of power receiving devices 200 cascaded in the system, and the number of first communication sub-modules 511 can vary depending on the number of battery packs 100 electrically connected in the system.

[0158] In this embodiment, to reduce system power consumption and improve data transmission efficiency, data interaction within the charging system 1 or between the charging system 1 and the external device 600 adopts a broadcast-then-connection approach, thereby ensuring that the data generated by the charging system 1 over a long period but intermittently does not require a continuous communication connection. The communication module 500 of the charging system 1 includes a communication submodule 510 that acts as a data sender. This submodule can be a first communication submodule 511 and / or a second communication submodule 512 and / or a third communication submodule 513. This communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, transmits data to another communication submodule 510 or the external device 600, while the other communication submodule 510 or the external device 600 acts as the data receiver. It is understood that this embodiment mainly relates to wireless communication. The communication submodule 510, which serves as the data source and the data destination, is generally not on the same device. For example, the communication submodule 510, which serves as the data receiver, can be located on the power conversion device 300, while the communication submodule 510, which serves as the data sender, can be located on the battery pack 100 or the power receiving device 200.

[0159] When the communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, has data to be transmitted, it will first broadcast a message carrying a data transmission identifier. This broadcast message at least informs the outside world that the communication submodule 510 has data to be transmitted. Furthermore, the broadcast message may also carry the communication address of the communication submodule 510. Meanwhile, another communication submodule 510, acting as the data receiver, or an external device 600, can be in a listening state, capable of listening to and scanning the broadcast messages of other devices. Upon detecting the broadcast message, it can actively establish a communication connection with the communication submodule 510 of the data sender, thereby obtaining the data to be transmitted from that communication submodule 510 and realizing data interaction between the two. Compared to current related technologies, this embodiment does not rely on the data sender actively initiating a connection, does not require a long-term continuous connection, reduces energy consumption, and the data receiver does not use a polling method to obtain data, improving efficiency. Furthermore, multiple devices can simultaneously receive the data to be transmitted, and the data sender and data receiver can be unbound, resulting in better efficiency and reliability in scenarios such as collecting data from the charging system 1.

[0160] Specifically, the communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, can have both a broadcast state and a connection state. The communication submodule 510 is in broadcast state by default. In broadcast state, the device has not established a communication connection with other devices, resulting in low power consumption. Furthermore, the broadcast state serves as a preparatory state for the connection state. When a broadcast message carrying a data transmission identifier is scanned and a connection request is received, the communication submodule 510 can enter the connection state. In connection state, the device can establish a communication connection with other devices and achieve point-to-point data transmission. After data transmission is completed, the communication submodule 510 can return to the broadcast state. This allows for rapid establishment of a communication connection and data interaction between the source and destination using broadcast actions performed on a specific channel, ensuring the timeliness and efficiency of system data transmission. The communication submodule 510 or external device 600, acting as the data receiver, can have both a listening state and a connection state. These states can coexist; that is, while establishing a communication connection with the data sender and transmitting data, the data receiver can also listen to the broadcast messages of other devices. In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 or external device 600 of the data receiver can simultaneously transmit data with multiple other communication submodules 510 within the charging system 1. In some embodiments, the data to be transmitted identifier carried in the broadcast information is an identifier agreed upon by the data sender and the data receiver; for example, it can be characterized and identified by a specific field value of a specific field in the broadcast message.

[0161] In some embodiments, after the communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, successfully transmits all the data to be transmitted to the data receiver in the connected state, it can return to the broadcast state until the data to be transmitted for the next data transmission task is generated and then broadcast again. In some embodiments, if the point-to-point connection between the communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, and the point-to-point connection with the data receiver is interrupted for more than a preset time threshold, for example, if a communication abnormality such as not receiving a response from the other end continues and reaches the preset time threshold, it can return to the broadcast state, re-publish the broadcast information of the current data transmission task, or abandon the current data transmission task.

[0162] In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 acting as the data sender is a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and the communication submodule 510 acting as the data receiver is a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b or an external device 600 having Bluetooth gateway functionality. Specifically, the Bluetooth submodule 510a has a broadcast state, in which it can broadcast different types of broadcast information such as non-directional connectable and directional connectable information to the outside world. The Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b has a listening state, in which it can listen and scan for the above-mentioned types of broadcast information. The specific type of broadcast information can be distinguished by the identifier carried in the message header, and the message can also carry the communication address of the Bluetooth submodule 510a. The broadcasting action of the Bluetooth submodule 510a and the listening and scanning action of the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can be performed periodically. When the channels and windows of the broadcasting action and the scanning action overlap, the broadcast information sent by the Bluetooth submodule 510a can be obtained by the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b.

[0163] The non-directional connectable messages and directional connectable messages broadcast by Bluetooth submodule 510a can be considered as broadcast information carrying a data transmission identifier. Since the non-directional connectable message has no target connection object, and there is more than one Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b in the charging system 1, all Bluetooth gateway submodules 510b have the ability to scan for this broadcast information and establish a communication connection with this Bluetooth submodule 510a. Even if one Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b is busy, another Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can still interact with the aforementioned Bluetooth submodule 510a. After scanning for the aforementioned non-directional connectable message, a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can parse the message to determine the message type and the communication address of Bluetooth submodule 510a. It can then send a connection request to Bluetooth submodule 510a based on the message type and communication address, or further obtain information such as the name, manufacturer, transmission power, and connection parameters of Bluetooth submodule 510a. The targeted connectable message has a target connection object. In addition to carrying the data to be transmitted identifier and the communication address of Bluetooth submodule 510a, the message may also carry the communication address of the designated Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. Even if there is more than one Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b in the system, the Bluetooth submodule 510a will only establish a connection and exchange data with the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b specified in the message. After scanning and obtaining the targeted connectable message, the designated Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can send a connection request to the Bluetooth submodule 510a. After verifying that the connection request comes from the designated Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, the Bluetooth submodule 510a can establish a communication connection with it to perform data transmission.

[0164] In some embodiments, Bluetooth submodule 510a can also broadcast non-directional, non-connectable messages. These messages have no target connection object, and all external devices can scan and obtain the information carried in the payload of the broadcast message. However, in this scenario, no point-to-point communication connection is established between Bluetooth submodule 510a and Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. For example, Bluetooth submodule 510a can use this type of broadcast message for advertising, emergency notifications, location services, etc.

[0165] It is understood that different types of broadcast messages have different uses and their uses are not unique under different application requirements. This embodiment mainly describes that one or more devices in the charging system 1 first broadcast through the Bluetooth submodule 510a, and then establish point-to-point communication with another device in the system or the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b of the external device 600, so as to transmit the data of the device itself and / or the data of other devices relayed to the device in the charging system 1 to another device and / or the external device 600.

[0166] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6A, the Bluetooth submodule 510a is disposed in the battery pack 100 and / or the power receiving device 200, and the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b is disposed in the power conversion device 300. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the battery pack 100 and / or at least a portion of the adapter 200a in the charging system 1 is provided with the Bluetooth submodule 510a, and the charger 300a is provided with the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. Specifically, the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a in the charging system 1 includes the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. The first communication submodule 511 of one or more battery packs 100 in the charging system 1 includes the Bluetooth submodule 510a. One or more of the static data such as the brand and model, nominal voltage, and nominal capacity of the battery pack 100, and the dynamic data such as the starting charging time, remaining charging time, and charged time of the battery pack 100 in the charging system 1 can be transmitted to the charger 300a through the Bluetooth submodule 510a. Alternatively, the second communication submodule 512 of one or more adapters 200a within the charging system 1 may include a Bluetooth submodule 510a. Static data such as the brand and model of the adapter 200a, the number of interfaces that can be electrically connected to the battery pack 100, and the number of interfaces that can be cascaded with other adapters 200a, as well as dynamic data such as the adapter 200a's start operating time, remaining operating time, and already operated time within the charging system 1, and whether each interface is electrically connected to the battery pack 100 or other adapters 200a, and the voltage, current, and power of the electrically connected interfaces, may be transmitted to the charger 300a via the Bluetooth submodule 510a. In some embodiments, whether the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a includes the Bluetooth submodule 510a may be determined by its specific role in the cascading relationship of the power receiving device 200. For example, the data to be transmitted by the adapter 200a may include data from its downstream adapters 200a, and the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a, which is a non-leaf node in the cascading relationship, may include the Bluetooth submodule 510a.

[0167] The Bluetooth submodule 510a of the battery pack 100 and / or adapter 200a is typically in a broadcast state, i.e., a connectionless state. The charger 300a is typically in a listening state, which can be either connectionless or connected. In broadcast state, the Bluetooth submodule 510a of the battery pack 100 and / or adapter 200a can periodically broadcast broadcast information carrying a data transmission identifier at a preset period and / or triggered by a specific event. In listening state, the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b of the charger 300a can also periodically listen to and scan the broadcast information of external devices at a preset period. After parsing and determining that the scanned broadcast information carries a data transmission identifier, the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b of the charger 300a can act as a host to actively initiate a connection request to one or more Bluetooth submodules 510a that sent the broadcast information. The Bluetooth submodule 510a, acting as a slave, responds to the connection request from the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b and enters a connection state, transmitting its own data to be transmitted to the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b after the communication connection is established.

[0168] In some embodiments, the power conversion device 300 or charger 300a is further provided with a Wi-Fi submodule 510c or a Cellular submodule 510d. After establishing a point-to-point connection with the Bluetooth submodule 510a of the battery pack 100 and / or adapter 200a through the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b and receiving the data transmitted therefrom, the power conversion device 300 or charger 300a will also transmit the aforementioned data to the external device 600 through the Wi-Fi submodule 510c or Cellular submodule 510d.

[0169] In some embodiments, the external device 600 in this application includes user devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and smart wearable devices. For example, suppose a user uses the aforementioned charging system 1 to charge their own battery pack 100, and they wish to view and manage the specific process of the charging system 1 charging the battery pack 100. In the above embodiments, through the operation of the communication module 500 within the charging system 1, the user can obtain relevant data through their user device to understand the specific situation. In other embodiments, the external device 600 includes a cloud, a server, or other servers (server clusters). For example, the charging system 1 may belong to a certain enterprise, group, or individual, and a cloud, server, or server cluster may be built or rented to collect data from the charging system 1. The owner of the charging system 1 can repair, maintain, and optimize the charging system 1 in a timely manner.

[0170] In some embodiments, after establishing a point-to-point communication connection, Bluetooth submodule 510a and Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, in addition to Bluetooth submodule 510a transmitting its own data to be transmitted to Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can also transmit control data such as commands to Bluetooth submodule 510a. In some embodiments, Bluetooth submodule 510a and Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b are a combined module; the communication submodule 510 of the same device can act as a master to listen to other slave devices, and can also act as a slave device to broadcast information to enable other masters to connect to it. In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510, which acts as the data sender in this data interaction, can also act as the data receiver in other data interactions, and vice versa.

[0171] In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 or external device 600, as the data receiver, can also perform authentication verification based on the identity information carried in the broadcast information, thereby achieving targeted data collection. Specifically, based on information that can characterize the device identity, such as the communication address carried in the message, broadcast information sent by non-charging system 1 or battery pack 100 or adapter 200a that poses a security risk can be ignored.

[0172] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6B, the Bluetooth submodule 510a is disposed in the battery pack 100 and / or the power receiving device 200 and / or the power conversion device 300, and the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b is disposed in an external device 600 such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or a server; in some embodiments, the charger 300a of the charging system 1 is provided with the Bluetooth submodule 510a; in some embodiments, at least a portion of the battery pack 100 and / or at least a portion of the adapter 200a of the charging system 1 is provided with the Bluetooth submodule 510a; in some embodiments, the charger 300a, adapter 200a, and battery pack 100 of the charging system 1 are all provided with the Bluetooth submodule 510a. Specifically, the external device 600 is provided with the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. The third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a within the charging system 1 may include a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and / or the second communication submodule 512 of one or more adapters 200a within the charging system 1 may include a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and / or the first communication submodule 511 of one or more battery packs 100 within the charging system 1 may include a Bluetooth submodule 510a. The third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a, including the Bluetooth submodule 510a, can transmit one or more of the following static data: the brand and model of the charger 300a, maximum output power, maximum output current, etc., and dynamic data such as the charger 300a's start operating time, remaining operating time, already operated time, and the number of battery packs 100 and / or adapters 200a currently connected to the charging system 1, to the external device 600 via the Bluetooth submodule 510a. The data of the battery packs 100 and / or adapters 200a described above can also be transmitted to the external device 600 via the Bluetooth submodule 510a.

[0173] In some embodiments, in addition to wireless communication, the communication module 500 in the charging system 1 also involves wired communication. The communication module 500 can form a wired communication link between any two of the battery pack 100, adapter 200a, electric tools 400 such as the riding vehicle 400, and charger 300a in the charging system 1. This wired communication link can be implemented using a bus, including but not limited to RS485 bus and CAN bus. The wired communication link can also be implemented using a direct D / T connection. In some embodiments, battery pack data can be transmitted to adapter 200a via the aforementioned wired communication link, or further transmitted to charger 300a. Adapter data can also be transmitted to charger 300a via the aforementioned wired communication link. The second communication submodule 512 of adapter 200a can act as a relay for battery pack data, and the third communication submodule 513 of charger 300a can act as a relay for battery pack data and / or adapter data, or can also organize or reprocess the aforementioned data.

[0174] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the charging assembly 10 can exist independently of the charging system 1. The charging assembly 10 includes an adapter 200a and a battery pack 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and also includes a communication module 500. The charging assembly 10 is configured to charge the battery pack 100 electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 or a power conversion device 300 (charger 300a, charging station, charging pile) via the communication module 500 to achieve data exchange between them. In some embodiments, the adapter 200a is electrically connected to the charger 300a or other adapters 200a to introduce electrical energy into the charging assembly 10 and charge the battery pack 100 electrically connected to it; in other embodiments, multiple battery packs 100 electrically connected to the same adapter 200a can also transfer electrical energy to each other.

[0175] Similar to the charging system 1 described above, in this embodiment, the data interaction between the charging assembly 10 and the external device 600 or the power conversion device 300 is performed using a broadcast-then-connection method, so that the data generated by the charging assembly 10 over a long period but intermittently does not require a continuous communication connection. The communication module 500 of the charging assembly 10 includes a communication submodule 510 that acts as a data sender. This submodule can be either a first communication submodule 511 or a second communication submodule 512, and it has data to be transmitted to the external device 600 or the charger 300a, which is the data receiver. The communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, is in a broadcast state by default. When data needs to be transmitted, it will first broadcast a message carrying a data transmission identifier, which may also include the communication address of the communication submodule 510. The external device 600 or charger 300a, acting as the data receiver, can be in a listening state, capable of listening to and scanning the broadcast information of the battery pack 100 or adapter 200a. After scanning the broadcast information, it can actively establish a communication connection with the communication submodule 510 of the data sender, so that the communication submodule 510 of the data sender enters the connection state, and the data receiver obtains the data to be transmitted from the charging assembly 10, realizing data interaction between the two.

[0176] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the battery pack 100 of the charging assembly 10 includes a first communication submodule 511 comprising a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and a third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a or an external device 600 includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. In some embodiments, a second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a of the charging assembly 10 includes a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and a third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a or an external device 600 includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. In some embodiments, a wired communication link is formed between the adapter 200a of the charging assembly 10 and the battery pack 100, and adapter data can be transmitted to the battery pack 100 via the wired communication link; alternatively, battery pack data can be transmitted to the adapter 200a via a wireless communication link. In some embodiments, the wireless communication link established between the Bluetooth submodule 510a and the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b is a bidirectional communication link. For example, the Bluetooth submodule 510a can upload data to the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, and the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b can send commands to the Bluetooth submodule 510a. Specific details related to each embodiment can be referred to in the preceding description of charging system 1, provided there is no conflict.

[0177] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the battery pack 100 can exist independently of the charging system 1 or the charging assembly 10. The battery pack 100, including the battery pack housing 110, cell units 120, and terminal assembly 130, also includes a communication module 500, namely a first communication submodule 511. The battery pack 100 is configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 or a power conversion device 300 (charger 300a, charging station, charging pile) via the communication module 500 to achieve data exchange between the two. The battery pack 100 can be detachably electrically connected to an adapter 200a to charge the battery pack 100, and can also be detachably electrically connected to a power tool 400 to power the power tool 400.

[0178] Similar to the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10 described above, in this embodiment, the data interaction between the battery pack 100 and any one of the external devices 600, adapter 200a, power tool 400, and charger 300a is performed using a broadcast-then-connect method, so that the data generated by the battery pack 100 over a long period of time but intermittently does not require a continuous communication connection. The first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 acts as the data sender, and the external device 600 or charger 300a acts as the data receiver. The first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100, as the data sender, is in a broadcast state by default. When there is data to be transmitted, it will first send broadcast information carrying a data transmission identifier in a broadcast manner in the broadcast state. The broadcast information may also carry the communication address of the first communication submodule 511, etc. External devices such as 600 or charger 300a, acting as data receivers, can be in a listening state, capable of listening to and scanning the broadcast information of the battery pack 100. Upon detecting the broadcast information, they can actively establish a communication connection with the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100, causing the communication submodule 510 of the data sender to enter a connected state. The data receiver then obtains the data to be transmitted from the battery pack 100, realizing data interaction between the two. In some embodiments, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 includes a Bluetooth submodule 510a, and the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a or the external device 600 includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b. Specific details related to each embodiment can be referred to in the preceding descriptions of the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10, provided there is no conflict.

[0179] In one alternative implementation, the charging system 1, which includes a power conversion device 300 and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices 200, further includes a communication module 500. The charging system 1 is configured to charge a battery pack 100 electrically connected to the power receiving devices 200 within the system, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 via the communication module 500 to achieve data interaction with the external device 600. In this implementation, to reduce system power consumption and improve data transmission efficiency, the frequency of data interaction within the charging system 1 and between the charging system 1 and the external device 600 can be adaptively adjusted according to the device status. The communication module 500 of the charging system 1 includes a communication submodule 510 for data interaction with an external device 600. This communication submodule 510 can be a first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100, a second communication submodule 512 of the power receiving device 200, and a third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a. The frequency of data interaction between the communication submodule 510 and the external device 600 can be adjusted based on the operating status of one or more devices within the charging system 1, including but not limited to adjusting the data transmission / response frequency and requesting the other end to adjust its data transmission / response frequency. It is understood that this embodiment involves both wireless and wired communication.

[0180] The charging system 1 can perform internal and / or external data interaction and frequency adjustment through one or more of the following: Bluetooth submodule 510a, Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, and Cellular submodule 510d. This includes, but is not limited to, internal data interaction and frequency adjustment between the first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512 and the third communication submodule 513, and internal and external data interaction and frequency adjustment between one or more of the first communication submodule 511, the second communication submodule 512, and the third communication submodule 513 and the external device 600. Furthermore, it is not ruled out that the communication submodule 510 may use other wireless communication methods besides Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Cellular for frequency-adaptive data transmission; for example, it may communicate via NFC. Additionally, it is not ruled out that the communication submodule 510 may use wired communication for frequency-adaptive data transmission within the charging system 1. In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 is pre-configured with multiple switchable data interaction frequencies, such as instant upload, 1 minute / time, 5 minutes / time, 10 minutes / time, 1 hour / time, etc.

[0181] Within the charging system 1, the battery pack 100, the power receiving device 200, and the power conversion device 300 can each have different operating states. These operating states are primarily related to the charging and discharging operations performed by each device within the system. Referring to Table 1, in some embodiments, the operating state of the power conversion device 300, such as the charger 300a, may include one or more of the following: the device's current busy or idle state, the idle duration of the device in the continuous idle state, the operating duration of the device in the continuous busy state, the number of adapters 200a or battery packs 100 connected to the device, and the device's input / output power. In some embodiments, when the battery pack 100 is charged primarily using the external power source connected to the power conversion device 300 such as the charger, the charger 300a being in an idle state indicates that the charging system 1 is currently in an idle state, meaning no battery pack 100 is currently charging within the system. The idle duration of the device in an idle state can further reflect the current state of the device. Conversely, when the charger 300a is in a busy state, it indicates that the charging system 1 is currently in a busy state, meaning a battery pack 100 is currently charging within the system. The operating time of the device in a busy state, the number of battery packs 100 or adapters 200a connected to the device, and the input / output power of the device can further reflect the current state of the device. In some embodiments, the operating state of the power receiving device 200, such as the adapter 200a, includes one or more of the following: the device's current busy or idle state, the idle duration of the device in an idle state, the operating time of the device in a busy state, the number of downstream adapters 200a cascaded with the device, the number of battery packs 100 inserted into the device, and the input / output power of the device. The idle state of the power receiving device 200, such as adapter 200a, indicates that no battery pack 100 is currently charging on the device. The duration of the idle state can further reflect the current state of the device. The busy state of adapter 200a indicates that a battery pack 100 is currently charging on the device. The duration of the busy state, the number of adapters 200a cascaded with the device, the number of battery packs 100 installed in the device, and the input / output power of the device can further reflect the current state of the device. In some embodiments, the operating state of the battery pack 100 includes one or more of the following: the battery pack 100 is currently fully charged, charging, or waiting to be charged; the duration of charging; and the remaining charging time. Of course, the operating states of the battery pack 100, adapter 200a, and charger 300a may also include more information not shown above.

[0182] In some embodiments, the operating states of the power receiving device 200 (such as the battery pack 100 and adapter 200a) and the power conversion device 300 (such as the charger 300a) also include emergency events. Emergency events include, but are not limited to, device power-on / off, device operation start / end, device malfunction and other alarms, and battery pack insertion / removal. In some embodiments, emergency events for the battery pack 100 include one or more of the following: the battery pack 100 being inserted into or disconnected from the adapter 200a; the battery pack 100 starting or ending charging; and a 1% change in battery charge. In some embodiments, emergency events for the adapter 200a include one or more of the following: the battery pack 100 being inserted into or disconnected from the adapter 200a; a battery pack 100 on the adapter 200a starting or ending charging; and other adapters 200a being cascaded to or disconnected from the adapter 200a. In some embodiments, emergency events for charger 300a include adapter 200a being electrically connected to or disconnected from charger 300a. Of course, emergency events for battery pack 100, adapter 200a, and charger 300a may also include more information not shown above.

[0183] The aforementioned first communication submodule 511, second communication submodule 512, and third communication submodule 513 can adjust the frequency of their data interaction with the external device 600 based on the working status of their respective devices. Furthermore, they can also adjust the frequency of their data interaction with the external device 600 based on the working status of other devices within the charging system 1. Specifically, the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a can also adjust its own data interaction frequency with the external device 600 based on the working status of the battery pack 100 and / or the adapter 200a; the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a can also adjust its own data interaction frequency with the external device 600 based on the working status of the battery pack 100 and / or the cascaded upper and lower level adapters 200a connected to it; and the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 can also adjust its own data interaction frequency with the external device 600 based on the working status of the inserted adapter 200a.

[0184] It is understandable that the working status of the battery pack 100, the power receiving device 200, and the power conversion device 300 are also a type of data. The communication module 500 of the charging system 1 can form a wired communication link within the charging system 1. The working status of each of the above devices can be transmitted to other devices in the system through the wired communication link so that each device can adjust the data interaction frequency with the external device 600 by referring to the working status of other devices.

[0185] Table 1

[0186] In some embodiments, the charging system 1 is configured to perform data interaction with the external device 600 when any of the aforementioned emergency events occur. Specifically, in response to the occurrence of any emergency event in any device within the charging system 1, the device experiencing the emergency event or another device responsible for transmitting data for that device immediately uploads data corresponding to the emergency event to the external device 600 for real-time reporting when an emergency event occurs. In this embodiment, the data to be transmitted can be bursty data of the charging system 1, since there can be a correspondence between the data reported for an emergency event and the emergency event itself. For example, when a fault alarm emergency event occurs, the data to be transmitted can be fault information indicating the cause of the fault, and the data to be reported under different emergency events can be predefined. In some embodiments, when there is multiple emergency event-related data to be reported, the communication submodule 510 can also determine the order of reporting the relevant data based on the preset priority of the multiple emergency events.

[0187] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the battery pack 100 reports corresponding information to the external device 600 in response to an event indicating a 1% change in the battery pack 100's power level, an event indicating the end of charging of the battery pack 100, or an event indicating that the battery pack 100 has detached from the currently inserted adapter 200a. In other embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the battery pack 100 reports corresponding information to the external device 600 in response to an event indicating a fault alarm in the inserted adapter 200a, or an event indicating that the electrically connected charger 300a has been powered off. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of adapter 200a reports corresponding information to external device 600 in response to an event of battery pack 100 being inserted / disconnected on adapter 200a, an event of battery pack 100 starting / ending charging on adapter 200a, or an event of other adapters 200a being cascaded / disconnected on adapter 200a. In other embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of adapter 200a reports corresponding information to external device 600 in response to an event of a 1% change in battery level of battery pack 100 on adapter 200a, an event of the electrically connected charger 300a being powered off, or an event of device AC / DC mode switching. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the charger 300a reports corresponding information to the external device 600 in response to an event indicating that the charger 300a has finished operating or an event indicating that the charger 300a has a fault alarm. In other embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the charger 300a reports corresponding information to the external device 600 in response to an event indicating that a battery pack 100 in the charging system 1 has detached from the currently inserted adapter 200a, or in response to an event indicating that a battery pack 100 is inserted / detached from an adapter 200a.

[0188] In some embodiments, the charging system 1 is configured to adjust the data interaction frequency with the external device 600 based on the idle duration of the power conversion device 300. The data interaction frequency can be inversely proportional to the idle duration; that is, the longer the idle duration of the power conversion device 300, such as the charger 300a, is in an idle state, the longer the charging system 1 remains inactive and the battery pack 100 is not charging. This results in less change in the state of each device within the charging system 1 and less data to be transmitted, thus reducing the frequency of transmitting system data to the external device 600. In this embodiment, the data to be transmitted can be routine data periodically reported by the charging system 1. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the charger 300a can adjust the frequency of its data interaction with the external device 600 based on the idle duration of the charger 300a in a continuous idle state. Specifically, multiple duration thresholds and their corresponding data interaction frequencies can be preset. When the idle duration of the charger 300a or the charging system 1 exceeds the duration thresholds at each level, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d can gradually reduce the data interaction frequency with the external device 600 according to the above threshold-frequency correspondence. In other embodiments, the charging system 1 can also be configured to adjust the data interaction frequency with the external device 600 based on the duration of continuous operation of the power conversion device 300. The data interaction frequency can be proportional to the duration of continuous operation; that is, the longer the power conversion device 300 (such as the charger 300a) has been continuously in a busy state, the more complex the state changes of the devices within the charging system 1 and the more data to be transmitted, thus increasing the frequency of system data transmission to the external device 600. Through the above embodiments, the charging system 1 can always perform data transmission in a manner that neither wastes channel, storage, and power resources nor delays user information perception.

[0189] In some embodiments, the charging system 1 is further configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction between the communication module 500 and the external device 600 based on instructions from the external device 600. Specifically, the frequency of data interaction between each device in the charging system 1 and the external device 600 can be set by the user. In response to the user's setting operation on the external device 600, the external device 600 can send a corresponding instruction to the communication module 500 of the charging system 1. In response to the instruction from the external device 600, the communication submodule 510 in the charging system 1 that receives the instruction can adjust the frequency of data interaction between itself or other devices in the system and the external device 600.

[0190] Following the previous text, in another alternative implementation, the charging assembly 10 can exist independently of the charging system 1. The charging assembly 10 includes an adapter 200a and a battery pack 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a. It also includes a communication module 500. The charging assembly 10 is configured to perform frequency adaptive data interaction with an external device 600 or a power conversion device 300 (charger 300a, charging station, charging pile) through the communication module 500. Similar to the charging system 1 described above, in this embodiment, the communication module 500 of the charging assembly 10 includes a communication submodule 510 for data interaction with the external device 600 or the charger 300a. This communication submodule 510 can be a first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 and / or a second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a. The frequency of data interaction between the communication submodule 510 and the external device 600 or the charger 300a can be adjusted based on the operating state of one or more devices within the charging assembly 10, including but not limited to adjusting the data transmission / response frequency and requesting the other end to adjust its data transmission / response frequency. In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 within the charging assembly 10 interacts with the Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b of the external device 600 or the charger 300a via a Bluetooth submodule 510a, or via a Wi-Fi submodule 510c or a Cellular submodule 510d. In response to an emergency event occurring in the charging assembly 10, the communication submodule 510 can immediately report the corresponding emergency event information to the external device 600; in response to an increase in the idle time of the adapter 200a within the charging assembly 10, the communication submodule 510 can reduce the frequency of transmitting routine data to the external device 600. Specific details related to each embodiment can be referred to in the preceding description of charging system 1 without conflict.

[0191] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the battery pack 100 can exist independently of the charging system 1 or the charging assembly 10. The battery pack 100, including the battery pack housing 110, cell units 120, and terminal assembly 130, also includes a communication module 500, namely a first communication submodule 511. The battery pack 100 is configured to perform frequency-adaptive data interaction with one or more of the external devices 600, charger 300a, and adapter 200a via the communication module 500. Similar to the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10 described above, in this embodiment, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 can interact with the external device 600, the charger 300a, or the adapter 200a. The frequency of data interaction between the two can be adjusted based on the operating state of the battery pack 100. Specifically, in response to an emergency event occurring in the battery pack 100, the first communication submodule 511 can immediately report the corresponding information to the external device 600; in response to an increase in the duration of the battery pack 100 remaining fully charged, the first communication submodule 511 can also reduce the frequency of transmitting routine data to the external device 600. Specific details related to each embodiment can be referred to in the description of the charging system 1 above, provided there is no conflict.

[0192] In an alternative implementation, referring to Figures 1 and 8, the charging system 1 described above, including a power conversion device 300 and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices 200, further includes a communication module 500. The charging system 1 is configured to charge a battery pack 100 electrically connected to the power receiving devices 200 within the system, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 via the communication module 500 to achieve data interaction with the external device 600. In this implementation, to reduce system power consumption and improve data transmission efficiency, data interaction within the charging system 1 and between the charging system 1 and the external device 600 can continue unfinished transmission tasks after a communication interruption and subsequent recovery, instead of retransmitting all data. The communication module 500 of the charging system 1 includes a storage unit 540. Consistent with the previous naming conventions, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100, if including the storage unit 540, is referred to as the first storage unit; the second communication submodule 512 of the power receiving device 200 or adapter 200a, if including the storage unit 540, is referred to as the second storage unit; and the third communication submodule 513 of the power conversion device 300 or charger 300a, if including the storage unit 540, is referred to as the third storage unit. A wireless communication link for data transmission is formed within the charging system 1 and / or between the charging system 1 and the external device 600. During a data transmission task on this wireless communication link, if the wireless communication link is interrupted, the data that has not yet been transmitted can be stored in the storage unit 540 of the corresponding communication submodule 510. The communication module 500 will continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the data sender can resume transmitting data that was not completed before the link interruption after a link interruption, without retransmitting data that was already transmitted before the interruption. The data receiver can also resume receiving data that was not received before the link interruption after a link interruption, without requiring retransmission of data that was already transmitted before the interruption. In some embodiments, the data receiver can also integrate the data received before and after the link interruption. It is understood that this embodiment mainly relates to wireless communication.

[0193] The communication submodule 510 of the charging system 1 can perform data exchange that can be resumed after the link is interrupted and restored, including but not limited to the internal data exchange and subsequent data transmission between the first communication submodule 511 / / or the second communication submodule 512 and the third communication submodule 513, and the internal data exchange and subsequent data transmission between the first communication submodule 511, the second communication submodule 512 and the third communication submodule 513, and the internal data exchange and subsequent data transmission between the first communication submodule 511, the second communication submodule 512 and the third communication submodule 513 and the external device 600. The data to be transmitted by a communication submodule 510 may include only the data of its own device, or it may include the data of other devices in the charging system 1. The data of other devices may be transferred to the communication submodule 510 through a wired communication link. Specifically, in a data transmission task, the data sender and data receiver have established a wireless communication link. When transmitting data to the data receiver, the data sender uses offset and other identifiers to indicate the boundary between transmitted and untransmitted data in the data to be transmitted. The offset and other identifiers are updated after confirming that a segment of data has been successfully received by the other end. The data sender and data receiver can also exchange offset and other identifiers during data transmission to ensure the consistency of data transmission and reception between the two parties. When the wireless communication link is interrupted, at least the untransmitted data in the data to be transmitted from the position indicated by the current offset and other identifiers is stored in the storage unit 540 of the data sender's communication submodule 510. Correspondingly, the successfully transmitted data is also stored in the storage unit 540 of the data receiver. After the wireless communication link is restored, based on the aforementioned offset and other identifiers, the data sender can continue the transmission task that was not completed before the interruption, and transmit the untransmitted data from the position indicated by the current offset and other identifiers to the data receiver, so that the data receiver can obtain all the data to be transmitted in this task; the transmission and reception process of the data to be transmitted can be executed in an orderly manner, and the original data is not disrupted.

[0194] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG8, taking the communication submodule 510 as the data sender as an example, the communication submodule 510 has a storage unit 540. Before each data transmission, it first confirms whether the previous data transmission task has been fully completed. If so, it starts to execute the current data transmission task, transmitting the data to be transmitted in the current task in the storage unit 540 based on the offset identifier. If not, it continues to transmit the unfinished data of the previous task stored in the storage unit 540 based on the offset identifier, and dynamically updates the offset identifier until the previous task data transmission is completed.

[0195] In other embodiments, the data sender further divides the data to be transmitted in this task into blocks or fragments before transmitting the data to the peer. Data transmission can be performed in units of blocks or fragments. When transmitting data to the data receiver, the data sender also uses bitmaps or other identifiers to indicate whether each block or fragment of data in this task has been successfully transmitted. The bitmaps or other identifiers are only updated after it is confirmed that a block or fragment of data has been successfully received by the peer. When the wireless communication link is interrupted, at least the blocks or fragments of data that have not yet been transmitted, indicated by bitmaps or other identifiers, are stored in the data sender's storage unit 540. Correspondingly, the successfully transmitted data is also stored in the data receiver's storage unit 540. After the wireless communication link is restored, based on the aforementioned bitmap and other identifiers, the data sender can continue the transmission task that was not completed before the interruption, and transmit the untransmitted chunks or fragments of data indicated by the bitmap and other identifiers in the data to be transmitted to the data receiver, so that the data receiver can obtain all the data of the current task; the transmission and reception process of the data to be transmitted can be executed out of order, and can be shuffled compared to the original data.

[0196] In some embodiments, the data sender only clears the data in storage unit 540 after all the data to be transmitted in this task has been transmitted. In some embodiments, the data sender continues the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption if the wireless communication link is restored within a limited time after the interruption, or does not continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption if the wireless communication link is not restored within a limited time after the interruption, or retransmits all the data to be transmitted in the data transmission task that was not completed before the link interruption.

[0197] In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 of the data sender can also store the fault information corresponding to the link interruption in the storage unit 540 when the link is interrupted. After the link is restored, the communication submodule 510 can also transmit the fault information to the other end for notification or confirmation, or transmit the fault information to an external device 600 such as a cloud server for recording and analysis. It should be noted that the link interruption and the corresponding fault information here include both wireless communication link interruptions such as Bluetooth disconnection and wired link interruptions such as bus disconnection.

[0198] In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 that can resume transmission after the above-mentioned link interruption recovery is a Bluetooth submodule 510a of one or more battery packs 100 in the charging system 1, the Bluetooth submodule 510a having a first storage unit 540; and / or, the communication submodule 510 that can resume transmission after the above-mentioned link interruption recovery is a Bluetooth submodule 510a of one or more adapters 200a in the charging system 1, the Bluetooth submodule 510a having a second storage unit 540; and / or, the communication submodule 510 that can resume transmission after the above-mentioned link interruption recovery is a Bluetooth submodule 510a of charger 300a in the charging system 1, the Bluetooth submodule 510a having a third storage unit 540. In some embodiments, the communication submodule 510 that can resume transmission after the above-mentioned link interruption recovery is the Wi-Fi submodule 510c or Cellular submodule 510d of the charger 300a in the charging system 1, which has a third storage unit 540.

[0199] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the charging assembly 10 can exist independently of the charging system 1. The charging assembly 10 includes an adapter 200a and a battery pack 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and also includes a communication module 500. This charging assembly 10 is configured to charge the battery pack 100 electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and is also configured to perform data exchange with an external device 600 or a power conversion device 300 (charger 300a, charging station, charging pile) via the communication module 500, allowing for data transmission to resume after a wireless communication link interruption and restoration. Similar to the charging system 1 described above, in this embodiment, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 includes a first storage unit 540, and / or the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a includes a second storage unit 540. The first communication submodule 511 and / or the second communication submodule 512 establish a wireless communication link with the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a or an external device 600. In a data transmission task performed on this wireless communication link, when the wireless communication link is interrupted, the data that has not yet been transmitted is stored in the storage unit 540 of the corresponding communication submodule 510. The first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512 will transmit the data that was not transmitted before the link interruption stored in the storage unit 540 after the wireless communication link is restored. In some embodiments, the first communication submodule 511 and / or the second communication submodule 512 use offset identifiers or bitmap identifiers to indicate the data that was not transmitted before the wireless communication link was interrupted. In some embodiments, the first communication submodule 511 and / or the second communication submodule 512 can continue data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption if the wireless communication link is restored within a limited time after an interruption. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d in the first communication submodule 511 and / or the second communication submodule 512 can execute the above-described data continuation scheme. Specific details related to each embodiment can be referred to in the preceding description of charging system 1 without conflict.

[0200] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the battery pack 100 can exist independently of the charging system 1 or the charging assembly 10. The battery pack 100, including the battery pack housing 110, cell units 120, and terminal assembly 130, also includes a communication module 500, specifically a first communication module 500. This battery pack 100 is configured to perform data exchange with external devices 600 and / or chargers 300a, adapters 200a, etc., via the aforementioned communication module 500, enabling data transmission to resume after a link interruption and recovery. Similar to the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10 described above, in this embodiment, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 includes a first storage unit 540. The first communication submodule 511 establishes a wireless communication link with the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a, the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a, or an external device. During a data transmission task performed on this wireless communication link, the data that was not transmitted before the wireless communication link was interrupted is stored in the first storage unit 540. After the wireless communication link is restored, the first communication submodule 511 will continue to transmit the data that was not transmitted before the link interruption stored in the storage unit 540. In some embodiments, the first communication submodule 511 uses an offset identifier or a bitmap identifier to indicate the data that was not transmitted before the wireless communication link was interrupted. In some embodiments, the first communication submodule 511 continues to transmit the data that was not transmitted before the link interruption if the wireless communication link is restored within a limited time after the interruption. In some embodiments, the Bluetooth submodule 510a, Wi-Fi submodule 510c, or Cellular submodule 510d of the first communication submodule 511 can execute the above-described data transmission continuation scheme. Specific details related to each embodiment can be found in the preceding description of charging system 1 without conflict.

[0201] In one alternative implementation, referring to Figures 1 and 9A to 10, the charging system 1, comprising a power conversion device 300 and multiple cascaded power receiving devices 200, further includes a communication module 500. The charging system 1 is configured to charge a battery pack 100 electrically connected to the power receiving devices 200 within the system, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with an external device 600 via the communication module 500 to achieve data interaction with the external device 600. In this implementation, to ensure stable and reliable data transmission, the data interaction within the charging system 1 and / or between the charging system 1 and the external device 600 involves two types of channels: a wireless communication link 520 and a wired communication link 530. The communication module 500 can use or select both links to achieve data interaction. The wired communication link 530 can be implemented using a bus, interface, connecting line / cable, etc. In some embodiments, it is mainly an RS485 bus, CAN bus, etc. The wireless communication link 520 can be implemented using, but is not limited to, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular methods. Whether using wired communication link 530 or wireless communication link 520, the transmission of a single piece of data involves not only the two devices of the data sender and receiver, but may also involve relaying through other devices. The link path of wired communication link 530 can be determined by the electrical connection between battery pack 100 and power receiving device 200 within charging system 1, as well as the cascading relationship of power receiving device 200. Wireless communication link 520 can be a point-to-point connection without relaying, or it may involve relaying due to protocol conversion or other reasons. It is understood that the link paths of the aforementioned wired communication link 530 and wireless communication link 520 are source-to-destination link paths. They can be paths where two nodes are directly connected by an edge without relaying, or paths where more nodes are connected by multiple edges with relaying involved.

[0202] First, the communication module 500 of the charging system 1 will be described as using both types of channels to achieve data interaction, that is, the communication module 500 is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link 530 and the wireless communication link 520. Since the data interaction involving the wired communication link 530 in the charging system 1 mainly occurs internally, the above-mentioned parallel data transmission process will at least partially involve data transmission within the charging system 1. However, the possibility of external devices 600 also engaging in wired communication with the charging system 1 cannot be ruled out.

[0203] In some embodiments, both the sender and receiver are internal to the system during a single data interaction in the charging system 1. The sender and receiver can be any two of the first, second, and third communication submodules 510 within the charging system 1. The communication submodule 510, acting as the data sender, can transmit its data to be transmitted in two ways: first, via a wired communication link 530 according to the electrical connection between the battery pack 100 and the power receiving device 200, and the cascading relationship of the power receiving device 200, to the communication submodule 510 of the data receiver; second, via a wireless communication link 520 directly to the communication submodule 510 of the data receiver. Specifically, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 can transmit its data to be transmitted via a wired communication link 530 from the battery pack 100 to the plugged-in adapter 200a, or further to other adapters 200a cascaded to the adapter 200a, or further to the charger 300a. The first communication submodule 511 can also simultaneously transmit its data to be transmitted directly to the adapter 200a or the charger 300a via a wireless communication link 520. The second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a can transmit its data to be transmitted via a wired communication link 530 from the adapter 200a to the battery pack 100 plugged into itself, or to other adapters 200a cascaded to the adapter 200a, or to the charger 300a. The second communication submodule 512 can also simultaneously transmit its data to be transmitted directly to the battery pack 100, the adapter 200a, or the charger 300a via a wireless communication link 520. The identities of the data sender and the data receiver can be interchanged, so the reverse data interaction process can be deduced by analogy, which will not be elaborated further.

[0204] In some embodiments, during a single data interaction of the charging system 1, one party is internal to the system, and the other party is an external device 600. The external device 600 and the charging system 1 may not communicate via wired connection. If a communication submodule 510 exists within the charging system 1 that cannot directly connect wirelessly to the external device 600, at least one communication submodule 510 exists within the system that can wirelessly connect to the external device 600. This submodule is referred to as a relay communication submodule. Data to be transmitted from the communication submodule 510 that cannot directly connect to the external device 600 can reach the aforementioned relay communication submodule via the internal wireless communication link 520 and / or wired communication link 530, and then be relayed from there to the external device 600. Therefore, in this embodiment, the data interaction between the external device 600 and the devices within the charging system 1 can include multiple aspects of the following: wired data interaction between the system and the relay communication submodule; wireless data interaction between the system and the relay communication submodule; wireless data interaction between the relay communication submodule and the external device 600; and wireless data interaction between the communication submodule 510 (as a data sender or receiver) and the external device 600. In some embodiments, the relay communication submodule can be a Wi-Fi submodule 510c or a Cellular submodule 510d. In some embodiments, the device containing the relay communication submodule is further provided with a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b to wirelessly communicate with the Bluetooth submodules 510a of other devices within the charging system 1.

[0205] Specifically, taking the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a as an example of a relay communication submodule, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 can transmit its data to be transmitted from the battery pack 100 to the plugged adapter 200a via a wired communication link 530, then to other adapters 200a cascaded to the adapter 200a, and then to the charger 300a. Subsequently, the third communication submodule 513 of the charger 300a can transmit the data to be transmitted from the battery pack 100 to the external device 600 via a wireless communication link 520. At the same time, the first communication submodule 511 can also transmit its data to be transmitted to the external device 600 via the wireless communication link 520. Alternatively, at the same time, the first communication submodule 511 can also transmit its data to be transmitted to the charger 300a via the wireless communication link 520, and then the third communication submodule 513 can transmit the data to be transmitted from the battery pack 100 to the external device 600 via the wireless communication link 520. The second communication submodule 512 of adapter 200a can transmit its data to charger 300a via wired communication link 530, or transmit it to other cascaded adapters 200a and then to charger 300a. Subsequently, the third communication submodule 513 of charger 300a can transmit the data to be transmitted from adapter 200a to external device 600 via wireless communication link 520. Simultaneously, the second communication submodule 512 can also transmit its data to external device 600 via wireless communication link 520; or, simultaneously, the second communication submodule 512 can also transmit its data to charger 300a via wireless communication link 520, and then the third communication submodule 513 can transmit the data to be transmitted from adapter 200a to external device 600 via wireless communication link 520. It is understood that the wireless communication links 520 between the first and second communication submodules 510 and external device 600, and the wireless communication link 520 between the third communication submodule 513 and external device 600, do not need to exist simultaneously. The identities of the data sender and receiver are interchangeable, and thus the reverse data interaction process can be deduced by analogy. In some embodiments, the third communication submodule 513 of the power conversion device 300 or charger 300a includes a relay communication submodule configured to receive control data from an external device 600 via a wireless communication link 520, and to transmit the control data to the corresponding power receiving device 200 and / or battery pack 100 via a wired communication link 530. In some embodiments, the third communication submodule 513 may also transmit the control data to the corresponding power receiving device 200 and / or battery pack via a wireless communication link 520.

[0206] The parallel data transmission scheme described above involves a data sender and receiver exchanging the same data through two links to ensure data transmission reliability. The arrival times of the data on the two links may not be consistent. In some embodiments, the relay unit also integrates multiple data packets from different data senders but destined for the same data receiver. In other embodiments, the wired communication link 530 and the wireless communication link 520 of the charging system 1 can transmit different data simultaneously, thereby improving the utilization rate of both types of channels.

[0207] Secondly, the communication module 500 of the charging system 1 switches between the two types of channels mentioned above. That is, the communication submodule 510, as the data sender, is configured to selectively transmit data through one of the two communication links to the data receiver, either the wired communication link 530 or the wireless communication link 520, based on the current state of the two communication links. The data sender typically selects a link before transmitting the data. Factors considered during selection include link availability, link busyness, link signal strength, and link interference strength. Priority is given to normally available links, less busy links, links with stronger effective signals, and links with less noise interference. In some embodiments, the more reliable wired communication link is prioritized during data transmission, and the wireless communication link is used in case of wired communication link interruption, abnormality, or busyness. In some embodiments, if the state of the two links changes abruptly during data transmission, the data sender can switch from the current link to the other link to continue the unfinished data transmission.

[0208] In some embodiments, the data sender can be the initial sender of a data set, and the data receiver can be the final receiver of that data set. The data sender selects between two links from the initial sender to the final receiver based on the global link state. After the initial sender makes its decision, the relay sender does not change the link path it has selected. For example, suppose that the battery pack 100 in the charging system 1 has data to be transmitted to the charger 300a. The battery pack 100 has two global links: one is a wired communication link 530 from the battery pack 100 to the cascaded adapter 200a to the charger 300a, and the other is a wireless communication link 520 from the battery pack 100 to the charger 300a. If the battery pack 100 selects the wired communication link 530 based on the link status, after the data reaches the adapter 200a, the communication submodule 510 of the adapter 200a detects that the wired communication link 530 between it and the charger 300a is disconnected. Then, it waits for the battery pack 100 to change to the wireless communication link 520 from the battery pack 100 to the charger 300a based on the change in the global link status. The adapter 200a does not need to change to the wireless communication link 520 from the adapter 200a to the charger 300a.

[0209] In other embodiments, the data sender can be a relay sender of data, and the data receiver can be a relay receiver or the final receiver of that data. The data sender selects between two links from the relay sender to the next relay receiver or the final receiver based on the local link state. If the next relay receiver is not the final receiver, after the data arrives, the relay receiver will act as the data sender for the next link and decide on the communication method for that next link. Each relay sender has the right to decide the communication method for a link originating from itself. In some embodiments, the initial sender can still select a link based on the global link state. If a relay sender exists in this global link, the relay sender can reselect a link based on its own link state. The relay sender can also change the link selected by the initial sender. Based on the previous example, if the battery pack 100 selects the wired communication link 530 of battery pack 100-cascaded adapter 200a-charger 300a based on the link status, after the data arrives at an adapter 200a, the communication submodule 510 of the adapter 200a will make another decision based on the status of the wired and wireless links from the adapter 200a to the charger 300a. If it senses that the wired communication link 530 between the adapter 200a and the charger 300a is disconnected, then the adapter 200a can switch to the wireless communication link 520 of adapter 200a-charger 300a without waiting for the battery pack 100 to switch based on the change in the global link status.

[0210] In some embodiments, when data transmission is not direct, if the data passes through a device along the link path of the wired communication link 530 or the wireless communication link 520, the communication submodule 510 of that device will add a corresponding device identifier to the data. When the data finally reaches the data receiver, the device identifier string carried in the data can indicate the actual link path of its transmission process. Specifically, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100, as the data sender, adds the device identifier of the battery pack 100 to the data to be transmitted at the beginning of the transmission. Then, the first communication module 500 transmits the data to be transmitted to the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a inserted in the battery pack 100. The communication between the two can be based on a bus or on Bluetooth and a Bluetooth gateway. The second communication submodule 512 adds the device identifier of the adapter 200a to the data, and then transmits the data to another cascaded adapter 200a or charger 300a according to the cascading relationship within the charging system 1. The adapter 200a or charger 300a continues to add device identifiers to the data. In some embodiments, the device identifier can be the device's MAC address, a pre-defined identifier, or an identification code ID, etc. In these embodiments, the actual data transmission link path is clearly recorded, allowing external devices such as those in the cloud to locate device connections and facilitating the analysis and diagnosis of various faults in the charging system.

[0211] In some embodiments, wired communication links 530 such as RS485 buses in the charging system 1 are configured to transmit charging control-related data, i.e., data inherent to the charging system 1 itself. This data transmission is performed under the charging control protocol. At the same time, the wired communication links 530 are also configured to transmit IoT function-related data, which is performed under the corresponding IoT protocol. For the bus links, charging control data and charging control protocols are mandatory, while IoT data and IoT protocols are optional.

[0212] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the charging assembly 10 can exist independently of the charging system 1. The charging assembly 10 includes an adapter 200a and a battery pack 100 detachably electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and also includes a communication module 500. The charging assembly 10 is configured to charge the battery pack 100 electrically connected to the adapter 200a, and is also configured to use, via the communication module 500, to exchange data with external devices 600 and / or power conversion devices 300 (charger 300a, charging station, charging pile) using either a wired communication link 530 or a wireless communication link 520. Similar to the charging system 1 described above, in this embodiment, the charging assembly 10 is one of the data exchange transceivers, and the external device 600 or charger 300a is the other. The two can have a wired communication link 530 formed according to the electrical connection relationship between the battery pack 100 and the adapter 200a and the cascading relationship of the adapter 200a, or they can form a wireless communication link 520 that is directly connected or relayed by other devices. Taking the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 or the second communication submodule 512 of the adapter 200a as an example, the first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512 can simultaneously use the wired communication link 530 and the wireless communication link 520 to transmit the same data in parallel to the external device 600 or the charger 300a to enhance data redundancy and reliability. The first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512 can also select one of the wired communication link 530 and the wireless communication link 520 for data transmission based on the link status to improve data transmission efficiency. Multiple communication submodules 510 can also simultaneously use the wired communication link 530 and the wireless communication link 520 to transmit different data respectively to improve data transmission efficiency. In some embodiments, the wireless communication link 520 is established by the Bluetooth submodule 510a in the first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512, while the wired communication link 530 can be established by the first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512 based on the RS485 bus. In other embodiments, the wireless communication link 520 is also established by the Wi-Fi submodule 510c or the Cellular submodule 510d in the first communication submodule 511 or the second communication submodule 512. Specific details regarding each embodiment can be found in the preceding description of the charging system 1, provided there is no conflict.

[0213] Following the preceding text, in another alternative implementation, the battery pack 100 can exist independently of the charging system 1 or the charging assembly 10. The battery pack 100, comprising a battery pack housing 110, cell units 120, and terminal components 130, also includes a communication module 500, specifically a first communication submodule 511. This battery pack 100 is configured to interact with external devices 600 and / or chargers 300a, adapters 200a, etc., via the communication module 500, using either a wired communication link 530 or a wireless communication link 520. Similar to the charging system 1 and charging assembly 10 described above, in this embodiment, the battery pack 100 is one of the data exchange transceivers, and the external device 600, charger 300a, or adapter 200a is the other. The transceiver can have a wired communication link 530 formed according to the electrical connection relationship between the battery pack 100 and the adapter 200a and the cascading relationship of the adapter 200a, or a wireless communication link 520 formed directly or relayed by other devices. Taking the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 as the data sender as an example, the first communication submodule 511 can use the above-mentioned wired communication link 530 and wireless communication link 520 to transmit the same data to the external device 600, charger 300a, or adapter 200a in parallel to enhance data redundancy and reliability. Alternatively, it can select one of the wired communication link 530 and wireless communication link 520 for data transmission based on the link status to improve data transmission efficiency. In some embodiments, the wireless communication link 520 is established by the Bluetooth submodule 510a in the first communication submodule 511, and the wired communication link 530 is established by the first communication submodule 511 based on the RS485 bus. In other embodiments, the wireless communication link 520 is also established by the Wi-Fi submodule 510c or the Cellular submodule 510d in the first communication submodule 511. Specific details regarding each embodiment can be found in the preceding description of charging system 1 without conflict.

[0214] It is understandable that the wireless communication between the charging system 1, the charging assembly 10, and the battery pack 100 in the preceding text is mainly illustrated by Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Cellular methods. However, it is not excluded that they may use other methods to achieve wireless communication, such as NFC, Zigbee, etc.

[0215] In order to manage the charging system 1 mentioned above in a timely and effective manner and improve the related human-computer interaction experience, this application also proposes a management system 2 for the charging system 1 in an optional implementation. The management system 2 includes the charging system 1 and an external device 600. As mentioned above, the charging system 1 includes at least one power conversion device 300 and a plurality of cascaded power receiving devices 200, and also includes a communication module 500. The charging system 1 is configured to charge the battery pack 100 electrically connected to the power receiving devices 200, and is also configured to establish a communication connection with the external device 600 and perform data interaction through the communication module 500.

[0216] Referring to Figures 11 to 13, the external device 600 in the management system 2 includes at least a transceiver 620 and a display 610. The transceiver 620 may include one or more of a Bluetooth gateway submodule 510b, a Wi-Fi submodule 510c, and a cellular submodule 510d, and is capable of establishing a wireless connection with the communication module 500 in the charging system 1 to receive the status data of the charging system 1. The display 610 may include a display screen and related circuitry, and has a main interface 611. The aforementioned status data can be displayed on the main interface 611. Typically, the content display of the main interface 611 is controlled by the processor 630 of the external device 600. In this embodiment, the main interface 611 displays at least the status data of the battery pack 100 and the power conversion device 300 in the charging system 1 simultaneously. Furthermore, the main interface 611 can simultaneously display the status data of the battery pack 100, the power receiving device 200, and the power conversion device 300. Furthermore, the main interface 611 also simultaneously displays fault information of the charging system 1. In some embodiments, the external device 600 can be a user device, including but not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and smart wearable devices. The display and viewing of the aforementioned status data can be achieved through applications or mini-programs running on the external device 600. In other embodiments, the external device 600 can also be a cloud server, allowing administrators to log in to the cloud and view the status data.

[0217] In this embodiment, users or staff can observe the charging status of the charging system 1 through the main interface 611 of the display 610 of the external device 600. This interface supports viewing both the overall system status and the status of individual devices within the system. Relevant personnel can obtain information such as the charging progress and charging amount of the entire system or individual devices, thereby determining whether the relevant charging task can be completed on the same day, how much time is needed to complete the task, and whether the current charging amount meets work requirements, avoiding power outages during field operations. Furthermore, by viewing the charging status or further reviewing collected historical charging data, the power consumption and usage periods for the next day can be estimated manually or by the external device 600 program. This allows for planning future charging tasks, making reasonable use of low-electricity-price periods and adjusting work density when formulating charging plans. In some scenarios, staff can also view and determine whether the quantity of various types of battery packs 100 and adapters 200 within the charging system 1 is appropriate and make corresponding adjustments. Users or staff can also view the fault status of the charging system 1, the cycle count of each battery pack 100, the maximum recoverable capacity, etc., through the external device 600, display 610, and main interface 611, so as to repair or replace faulty or aging equipment in a timely manner.

[0218] Referring to Table 2, the status data of the power conversion device 300 displayed on the main interface 611 includes one or more of the following: the start time of the charging system 1, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation. The status data of the battery pack 100 displayed on the main interface 611 includes the number of battery packs 100 in the charging system 1 and the real-time charging progress of the charging system 1. The real-time charging progress of the charging system 1 includes the number of battery packs 100 in the system that are fully charged, the number of battery packs 100 that are charging, and the number of battery packs 100 that are waiting to be charged. It is understood that the number of battery packs 100 in the charging system 1 and the number of battery packs 100 in different charging states can also be considered as status data of the power conversion device 300. Regardless of which type of data it is classified into, it does not affect its display on the main interface 611 of the external device 600 display 610. In addition, the status data of the battery pack 100 may also include the number of each type of battery pack 100 in the charging system 1, or the status data of different types of battery packs 100 may be different. For example, the main interface 611 may display the number of battery packs 100 with Bluetooth function and the charging status of each battery pack 100 without Bluetooth function.

[0219] In some embodiments, the charging system 1 is adapted to both old and new battery packs 100. The old battery pack 100 does not have Bluetooth functionality, while the new battery pack 100 does. The charging system 1 is configured to identify the old and new battery packs 100 and report relevant information to an external device 600. For example, the charger 300a can report the identified old battery pack 100 and the adapter 200a and adapter interface to which the old battery pack 100 is electrically connected in the system to the external device 600. The main interface 611 of the external device 600 can display the information of the two types of battery packs 100 differently. Specifically, after the battery pack 100 is electrically connected to the power receiving device 200 such as the adapter 200a, the adapter 200a or the charger 300a can determine whether the battery pack 100 is a new battery pack 100 or an old battery pack 100 based on the information exchanged with it. In some embodiments, the adapter 200a or the charger 300a can determine the age of the battery pack 100 based on the information format, which includes data bit width, data type, etc. In other embodiments, the adapter 200a or the charger 300a can also determine the age of the battery pack 100 based on the field values ​​of specific fields in the information. For example, new and old battery packs 100 may have device identifiers with different field values. In some embodiments, after identifying the new and old battery packs 100, the relevant information will be reported to an external device 600 such as a cloud server.

[0220] In some embodiments, the status data of the power receiving device 200 includes the number of other power receiving devices 200 cascaded to the power receiving device 200, the number of battery packs 100 electrically connected to the power receiving device 200, and one or more of the power receiving device 200's start time, duration of operation, and remaining duration of operation. In some embodiments, the start time and duration of operation of the power conversion device 300 or the power receiving device 200 are the start time and duration of operation of the charging system 1 within a preset time period. This information can be refreshed periodically, and the data displayed on the main interface 611 is the latest data within the current period. For example, the data could be the start time and duration of operation of the charger 300a or adapter 200a for the current day.

[0221] Table 2

[0222] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the main interface 611 of the display 610 of the external device 600 includes multiple areas, including at least an operating status display area 611a, a fault information display area 611c, and a directory display area 611b. Each area occupies a non-overlapping block in the main interface 611, and the shape and area of ​​each area are not specifically limited. The division of different areas can be tangible, such as with borders, or intangible. The operating status display area 611a can at least display the operating status of the power conversion device 300 and the battery pack 100 in the charging system 1, and the operating status of the power conversion device 300 and the battery pack 100 includes at least the aforementioned status data of the power conversion device 300 and the battery pack 100. The fault information display area 611c can display various fault information of the charging system 1, including but not limited to fault information related to power transmission and data interaction. The directory display area 611b includes a function menu that the user can select. The function menu includes at least user information and device information of the charging system 1. In response to the user's operation on the directory display area 611b, the display 610 of the external device 600 can switch from the main interface 611 to other interfaces. Specifically, in response to the user's operation on the user information in the directory display area 611b, the display 610 can switch from the main interface 611 to another interface that displays detailed user information; in response to the user's operation on the device information in the directory display area 611b, the display 610 can switch from the main interface 611 to another interface that displays detailed device information of the charging system 1.

[0223] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG13, the main interface 611 of the external device 600 display 610 can also display the specific cascading relationship and specific power information (charging status, SoC, etc.) of each power receiving device 200 and its battery pack 100 under a power conversion device 300 in the charging system 1, as well as information such as the working time and remaining working time of the subsystem when the power conversion device 300 is a subsystem. In some embodiments, when the charging system 1 includes multiple power conversion devices 300, the main interface 611 can display various information of the charging system 1 that includes multiple power conversion devices 300. In response to user operation or periodically, the main interface 611 can switch to display various information of the subsystems corresponding to each power conversion device 300 in the charging system 1.

[0224] In some embodiments, the power supply of each communication submodule 510 in the charging system 1 may be asynchronous with the power supply of other modules on the same device. Specifically, the communication submodules 510 of the battery pack 100 or a portion thereof, and / or the adapter 200a or a portion thereof, and / or the charger 300a or a portion thereof may be powered off after a preset time delay following the completion of their charging and discharging tasks. For example, after the battery pack 100 is fully charged in the charging system 1, the first communication submodule 511, such as the Bluetooth submodule 510a, may be powered off after a 12-hour delay. During these 12 hours, the first communication submodule 511 of the battery pack 100 may still perform data transmission tasks such as uploading data to the external device 600, while other modules in the battery pack 100 may not be powered during these 12 hours. In some embodiments, whether each device and its communication submodule within the charging system 1 performs a delayed power-off can be freely set by the user. In response to user operation, the external device 600 can interact with the charging system 1 to specifically control whether each device within the system performs a delayed power-off. In some embodiments, the charging system 1 is also equipped with operating components such as physical buttons so that the user can disconnect all devices within the system by long-pressing or other operations.

[0225] In some embodiments, in response to user input, the external device 600 can transmit corresponding control data, such as various commands, to the charging system 1 via the transceiver 620. After receiving the control data, the charging system 1 will adjust the corresponding parameters, including but not limited to adjusting the data interaction frequency and powering down the devices within the system.

[0226] It should be noted that the various implementation methods and embodiments described above can be combined and applied without conflict. For example, the charging system 1 can transmit data within or outside the system by broadcasting first and then connecting. In the non-connected state, it is not necessary to maintain the connection. After the communication connection is established, the offset identifier indicating the starting position of the untransmitted data can be dynamically updated as the data transmission process progresses in real time. After the link is interrupted and restored within a limited time, the data transmission task that was not completed before the link interruption can continue based on the current offset identifier.

[0227] Furthermore, this application also introduces an outdoor walking device that utilizes IoT functionality. Outdoor walking devices are used for outdoor operations. Examples include multi-purpose vehicles, agricultural machinery vehicles, farm vehicles, ATVs, golf carts, lawnmowers, etc. These devices require energy storage devices when operating outdoors. The energy storage devices for related outdoor walking devices can be broadly categorized into two types: those using fuels such as gasoline or diesel, and those using electrical energy storage devices. Electrical energy storage devices are more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient than fuels, and have thus gained increasing popularity among users and manufacturers in recent years. Outdoor walking devices using electrical energy storage devices can be equipped with antennas, Bluetooth, and other communication devices, allowing users to connect to the device via their mobile phones for remote control. The communication devices also require power from the electrical energy storage device; when the electrical energy storage device's power is insufficient, the communication device cannot communicate.

[0228] As shown in Figure 14, the outdoor mobility device disclosed in this application can specifically be an electric wheeled device 700, such as a manned lawnmower, which allows a user to sit or stand on it to operate and trim lawns and other vegetation. In this specification, the directions of front, back, left, right, up, and down are described as those shown in Figure 14. Specifically, when a user sits on the outdoor mobility device 700 located on the ground, the direction the user faces is defined as front, the direction behind is back, the direction to the left is left, the direction to the right is right, the direction closer to the ground is down, and the direction further away from the ground is up. Of course, the outdoor mobility device disclosed in this application also includes all-terrain vehicles (UTVs). In related technologies, all-terrain vehicles include four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), multi-functional all-terrain vehicles, and recreational vehicles. In addition, the outdoor mobility device disclosed in this application also includes manned snowplows, push lawnmowers, push snowplows, and electric motorcycles, etc.

[0229] Referring to Figures 14 to 16, the electric wheeled device 700 includes: a housing assembly 710, a power supply assembly 720, a travel assembly 730, and a frame 701. The travel assembly 730 includes a set of travel wheels 731 and a travel motor 732. The travel wheels 731 are mounted to the frame 701, connecting to and supporting the frame 701. The travel motor 732 has a drive shaft and is configured to drive the travel wheels 731 to rotate. The power supply assembly 720 is configured to supply power to the outdoor walking device 700, and at least to the travel motor 732.

[0230] As shown in Figure 17, the electric wheeled device 700 further includes a wireless communication module 740 and an energy storage component 750. The wireless communication module 740 is configured to communicate with external devices and is configured to perform bidirectional communication with external devices, transmitting data information to external devices and receiving input information from external devices. The energy storage component 750 is configured to supply power to the wireless communication module 740.

[0231] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module 740 includes a positioning module 741, which is configured to acquire the real-time location of the electric wheeled device 700 and record the driving trajectory of the electric wheeled device 700, etc. Optionally, the positioning module 741 may be a GPS positioning module. Optionally, the positioning module 741 may be a BeiDou positioning module. Optionally, the positioning module 741 may be a WiFi AP positioning module.

[0232] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module 740 includes a Bluetooth module 742, configured to scan for external devices around the electric wheeled device 700 and connect the electric wheeled device 700 to the external devices. In some embodiments, the wireless communication module 740 includes a 4G module 743, configured to send status information of the electric wheeled device 700 to the external devices. After connecting to the external devices via the Bluetooth module 742, the 4G module 743 sends information about the electric wheeled device 700 obtained by the positioning module 741, as well as other information about the electric wheeled device 700, to the external devices. This application does not limit the information sent. Furthermore, the electric wheeled device 700 can also receive information from external devices based on the 4G module 743; this application does not limit the information received. Optionally, the positioning module 741, Bluetooth module 742, and 4G module 743 can be installed together and used as a whole. Optionally, the positioning module 741, Bluetooth module 742, and 4G module 743 can also be installed as independent modules on the electric wheeled device 700, and connected to other modules via a bus to exchange information with other modules on the bus.

[0233] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG18, the positioning module 741, Bluetooth module 742, and 4G module 743 are all mounted on the communication circuit board 744 and used as a whole. That is, the wireless communication module 740 is mounted on the communication circuit board 744. To facilitate the energy storage component 750 to supply power to the wireless communication module 740, the wireless communication module 740 can be disposed on the first surface of the communication circuit board 744, and the energy storage component 750 can be disposed on the second surface of the communication circuit board 744. To prevent water from entering the wireless communication module 740, the communication circuit board 744, and the energy storage component 750, they can be sealed. For example, adhesive can be used for sealing.

[0234] The electric wheeled device 700 includes a preset receiving space, which includes a cover. The wireless communication module 740 can be fixedly installed below the cover of the preset receiving space, i.e., installed within the preset receiving space. Optionally, as shown in FIG15, the electric wheeled device 700 includes an operating component 760, and the wireless communication module 740 can be installed below the cover of the operating component 760. Furthermore, it can also be installed below the covers of other components. This application does not limit the specific location of the preset receiving space.

[0235] As shown in Figure 19, the power supply component 720 is connected to both the energy storage component 750 and the wireless communication module 740. When the electric wheeled device 700 is powered on, the power supply component 720 is in operation, charging the energy storage component 750 and simultaneously supplying power to the wireless communication module 740 to enable its normal operation. As shown in Figure 19, the energy storage component 750 is connected to the wireless communication module 740. When the electric wheeled device 700 is powered off, it is in a non-operating state, meaning it is not in use, and the energy storage component 750 supplies power to the wireless communication module 740. In this design, since the power supply component 720 is configured to supply power to the electric wheeled device 700, and its power capacity is significantly greater than that of the energy storage component 750, the wireless communication module 740 is continuously powered through the power supply component 720 when the electric wheeled device 700 is powered on. This ensures stable operation of the wireless communication module 740, and allows the energy storage component 750 to be fully charged through the power supply component 720. Therefore, when the electric wheeled device 700 is powered off, the energy storage component 750 has sufficient power to supply power to the wireless communication module 740, further ensuring stable operation of the wireless communication module 740. This reduces the probability that the energy storage component 750 or the power supply component 720 will be unable to supply power to the wireless communication module 740 due to insufficient power, resulting in high communication stability for the electric wheeled device 700. Optionally, the energy storage component 750 can be a battery pack. Optionally, the energy storage component 750 can be a rechargeable pouch battery. Optionally, the energy storage component 750 can be a multi-tab battery. Optionally, the energy storage component 750 can be a battery pack including a USB-C port. The nominal voltage of the energy storage component 750 can be 4V, or it can be 8V. In addition, the nominal voltage of the energy storage component 750 can also be other voltage values, which are not limited in this application.

[0236] As shown in Figure 20, the electric wheeled device 700 also includes a power switching module 770. One end of the power switching module 770 is connected to the power supply component 720 and the energy storage component 750, and the other end is connected to the wireless communication module 740. When the electric wheeled device 700 is in the power-on state, the power switching module 770 controls the power supply component 720 to supply power to the wireless communication module 740. That is, at this time, the power switching module 770 controls the connection circuit with the power supply component 720 to be connected, and the connection circuit with the energy storage component 750 to be disconnected. When the electric wheeled device 700 is in the power-off state, the power switching module 770 controls the energy storage component 750 to supply power to the wireless communication module 740. That is, at this time, the power switching module 770 controls the connection circuit with the power supply component 720 to be disconnected, and the connection circuit with the energy storage component 750 to be connected.

[0237] As shown in Figure 20, the electric wheeled device 700 includes a first voltage regulator module 771. The first terminal of the first voltage regulator module 771 is connected to the power supply component 720, and the second terminal is connected to the energy storage component 750 and the power switching module 770. Since the voltage of the power supply component 720 is much higher than the charging voltage of the energy storage component 750 and the input voltage of the power switching module 770, the first voltage regulator module 771 needs to reduce the input voltage to the energy storage component 750 and the power switching module 770. For example, when the output voltage of the power supply component 720 is 15V, the first voltage regulator module 771 can reduce the voltage to 5V. Optionally, the first voltage regulator module 771 can be a DC-DC voltage regulator module. As shown in Figure 20, the electric wheeled device 700 also includes a second voltage regulator module 772. The first terminal of the second voltage regulator module 772 is connected to the power switching module 770, and the second terminal is connected to the wireless communication module 740. Because the output voltage of the power switching module 770 is greater than the required voltage of the wireless communication module 740, a second voltage regulator module 772 is needed to reduce the input voltage of the wireless communication module 740. The input voltage of the wireless communication module 740 is determined by the combined voltages of the positioning module 741, Bluetooth module 742, and 4G module 743. The required voltages of the positioning module 741, Bluetooth module 742, and 4G module 743 are different, and the input voltage of the wireless communication module 740 is determined by the intersection of their required voltages. For example, if the required voltage range of the positioning module 741 is 3-3.6V, the required voltage range of the Bluetooth module 742 is 3-3.6V, and the required voltage range of the 4G module 743 is 3.4-4.3V, then the second voltage regulator module 772 can reduce the voltage to 3.4V, or reduce it to 3.5V, or reduce it to 3.6V. Optionally, the second voltage regulator module 772 can be a Buck Boost module.

[0238] As shown in Figure 21, the electric wheeled device 700 includes a control module 773, which is connected to a wireless communication module 740. Optionally, the control module 773 can be an MCU module. The control module 773 includes a wake-up component 7731, which wakes up the wireless communication module 740 when the electric wheeled device 700 is in the off state, enabling the wireless communication module 740 to transmit information with external devices, such as the location of the electric wheeled device 700. The control module 773 is also connected to a power switching module 770. Similar to the wireless communication module 740, the control module 773 is powered by a power supply component 720 when the electric wheeled device 700 is in the on state, and powered by an energy storage component 750 when the electric wheeled device 700 is in the off state. Since the input voltage of the control module 773 does not match the output voltage of the power switching module 770, a third voltage regulator module 774 is provided between the control module 773 and the power switching module 770. This module boosts or bucks the voltage output by the power switching module 770 to a voltage suitable for the control module 773. Optionally, the third voltage regulator module 774 can be an LDO module. A voltage regulator module is also provided between the control module 773 and the wireless communication module 740. That is, the control module 773 can be connected to the wireless communication module 740 through a second voltage regulator module 772, so that the output voltage of the control module 773 can be used by the wireless communication module 740.

[0239] As shown in Figure 21, the electric wheeled device 700 may further include a bus communication module 781, a data storage module 782, and an attitude sensor 783. All three modules (781, 782, and 783) are connected to the control module 773. The attitude sensor 783 can be configured to acquire the attitude of the electric wheeled device 700, such as whether the device is tipping over. The bus communication module 781 can be configured to facilitate communication between multiple modules, such as communication between the attitude sensor 783 and the wireless communication module 740, or communication between the data storage module 782 and the wireless communication module 740. The data storage module 782 can be configured to store data from the electric wheeled device 700, such as data from the wireless communication module 740, or data from the attitude sensor 783.

[0240] As shown in Figure 22, the electric wheeled device 700 may further include an energy storage component detection module 751, which is configured to detect whether the energy storage component 750 is in a normal state. Optionally, the energy storage component detection module 751 can determine whether the energy storage component 750 is in a normal state by detecting whether the output voltage of the energy storage component 750 is normal when the electric wheeled device 700 is in a powered-off state. One end of the energy storage component detection module 751 is connected to the energy storage component 750, and the other end is connected to the control module 773. The wake-up component 7731 in the control module 773 wakes up the energy storage component detection module 751 at regular intervals so that the energy storage component detection module 751 can detect the energy storage component 750. The wake-up component 7731 can wake up the energy storage component detection module 751 at fixed intervals or at irregular intervals, which is not limited in this application. Waking up the energy storage component detection module 751 at regular intervals avoids the situation where the energy storage component detection module 751 is always in a working state and consumes a lot of power.

[0241] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit this application in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules; the communication sub-module is configured to broadcast broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier, and the external device or another communication sub-module is configured to actively establish a communication connection with the broadcasting communication sub-module after scanning the broadcast information to obtain the data to be transmitted by the communication sub-module.

2. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

3. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein, The communication submodule includes a Bluetooth submodule as a data sender and / or a Bluetooth gateway submodule as a data receiver.

4. The charging system according to claim 3, wherein, The power conversion device includes a charger, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule disposed within the charger.

5. The charging system according to claim 3, wherein, The power receiving device includes an adapter, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within the adapter.

6. The charging system according to claim 3, wherein, The communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule located within the battery pack.

7. The charging system according to claim 3, wherein, The Bluetooth gateway submodule is configured to periodically listen to and scan the broadcast messages at a preset frequency.

8. The charging system according to claim 3, wherein, The communication submodule further includes a Wi-Fi submodule or a Cellular submodule, and the charging system is configured to interact with the external device via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

9. The charging system according to claim 8, wherein, The external device includes a cloud server.

10. The charging system according to claim 8, wherein, The charging system is configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device based on the operating state of at least one of the power conversion device, the power receiving device, and the battery pack.

11. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein, The communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device; the communication module includes a storage unit, in which data that has not yet been transmitted is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted, and the communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

12. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein, The communication module forms a wired communication link and a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device, and the communication module is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

13. The charging system according to claim 12, wherein, The power conversion device is configured to receive control data from the external device via the wireless communication link, and transmit the control data to the power receiving device and / or the battery pack via the wired communication link.

14. The charging system according to claim 1, wherein, The communication submodule, acting as the data sender, has a broadcast state and a connected state. In the broadcast state, the communication submodule broadcasts broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier. In the connected state, the communication submodule performs data transmission. After scanning the broadcast information, the external device or another communication submodule, acting as the data receiver, actively establishes a communication connection with the communication submodule in the broadcast state, so that the communication submodule enters the connected state.

15. The charging system according to claim 13, wherein, The communication submodule, acting as the data sender, is configured to return to broadcast mode after the current data transmission is completed in the connected state, or after the duration of not receiving a response from the data receiver in the connected state exceeds a preset duration threshold.

16. A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules; the communication sub-module that acts as the data sender has a broadcast state and a connected state. In the broadcast state, the communication sub-module broadcasts broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier. In the connected state, the communication sub-module transmits data. The external device or another communication sub-module that acts as the data receiver actively establishes a communication connection with the communication sub-module in the broadcast state after scanning the broadcast information, so that the communication sub-module enters the connected state.

17. The charging system according to claim 16, wherein, The communication submodule, acting as the data sender, is configured to return to broadcast mode after the current data transmission is completed in the connected state, or after the duration of not receiving a response from the data receiver in the connected state exceeds a preset duration threshold.

18. The charging system according to claim 16, wherein, The communication module includes a bus and a Bluetooth submodule disposed within at least a portion of the battery pack. Battery pack data is transmitted simultaneously via the wired communication link based on the bus and the wireless communication link based on the Bluetooth submodule.

19. A battery pack, comprising: Battery pack casing; The battery cell unit is housed within the battery pack housing; Terminal assembly configured to couple with a power tool or adapter for power transfer; The communication module is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data exchange. The communication module is also configured to broadcast broadcast information carrying a data transmission identifier, so that the external device can actively establish a communication connection with the communication module and perform data interaction after scanning the broadcast information.

20. The battery pack according to claim 19, wherein, The power tools include handheld power tools and ride-on vehicles.

21. A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The charging system is further configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device based on the operating state of at least one of the power conversion device, the power receiving device, and the battery pack.

22. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

23. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The charging system is configured to adjust the data interaction frequency based on the idle duration of the power conversion device.

24. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The operating state includes an emergency event, and the charging system is configured to perform data interaction with the external device when the emergency event occurs; the emergency event includes battery pack insertion / removal and / or fault alarm.

25. The charging system according to claim 23 or 24, wherein, The charging system is also configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device based on instructions from the external device.

26. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The communication module includes a storage unit, and the communication module is configured to store fault information in the storage unit when communication with the external device is interrupted, and to transmit the fault information to the external device after communication is restored.

27. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The communication module forms a wired communication link and a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device. The communication module is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

28. The charging system according to claim 21, wherein, The communication module includes one or more of a Bluetooth submodule, a Bluetooth gateway submodule, a Wi-Fi submodule, and a Cellular submodule, and the charging system is configured to interact with the external device via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

29. The charging system according to claim 28, wherein, The power conversion device includes a charger, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule disposed within the charger.

30. The charging system according to claim 29, wherein, The power receiving device includes an adapter, and the communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within the adapter.

31. A charging assembly, the charging assembly comprising an adapter and a battery pack detachably electrically connected to the adapter; The adapter includes: Adapter housing; A power input port is configured to receive power to charge the battery pack. At least one connection point allows for a detachable electrical connection of the battery pack; The charging assembly further includes a communication module, which is configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction. The charging assembly is also configured to adjust the frequency of data interaction with the external device based on the operating status of the adapter and / or the battery pack.

32. The charging assembly according to claim 31, wherein, The communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule disposed within the battery pack and / or the adapter.

33. The charging assembly according to claim 31, wherein, The external device is equipped with a Bluetooth gateway submodule.

34. A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device. The communication module includes a storage unit, in which uncompleted data is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted. The communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

35. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The communication module is configured to clear the data in the storage unit after data transmission is completed.

36. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The communication module is also configured to transmit fault information corresponding to the interruption of the wireless communication link after the wireless communication link is restored.

37. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The communication module is configured to add device identifiers of the power receiving device and / or the power conversion device that are passing through the data when transmitting data.

38. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The communication module includes one or more of the following: Bluetooth submodule, Bluetooth gateway submodule, Wi-Fi submodule, and Cellular submodule.

39. The charging system according to claim 38, wherein, The communication module is configured to interact with the external device via at least one of the Bluetooth submodule, the Wi-Fi submodule, and the Cellular submodule.

40. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

41. The charging system according to claim 40, wherein, The communication module includes a Bluetooth gateway submodule and a Wi-Fi submodule disposed within the power conversion device.

42. The charging system according to claim 40, wherein, At least a portion of the battery pack and / or at least a portion of the power receiving device in the charging system are equipped with a Bluetooth submodule.

43. The charging system according to claim 34, wherein, The communication module is configured to record the offset identifier corresponding to the currently uncompleted data when the wireless communication link is interrupted, and to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption based on the recorded offset identifier after the wireless communication link is restored.

44. A charging assembly, the charging assembly comprising an adapter and a battery pack detachably electrically connected to the adapter; The adapter includes: Adapter housing; A power input port is configured to receive power to charge the battery pack. At least one connection point allows for a detachable electrical connection of the battery pack; The charging assembly further includes a communication module, which is configured to establish a communication connection with an external device and perform data interaction through the communication module. The communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission between the charging assembly and the external device or between the charging assembly and the power conversion device. The communication module includes a storage unit, in which uncompleted data is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted. The communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

45. A battery pack, comprising: Battery pack casing; The battery cell unit is housed within the battery pack housing; Terminal assembly configured to couple with a power tool or adapter for power transfer; The communication module is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data exchange. The communication module forms a wireless communication link for data transmission between the battery pack and the external device or between the battery pack and the charger. The communication module includes a storage unit, in which uncompleted data is stored when the wireless communication link is interrupted. The communication module is configured to continue the data transmission that was not completed before the link interruption after the wireless communication link is restored.

46. ​​A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device, as well as a bus-based wired communication link. The communication module is configured to transmit data simultaneously through the wired communication link and the wireless communication link.

47. The charging system according to claim 46, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

48. The charging system according to claim 46, wherein, The communication module includes a Bluetooth submodule and / or a Bluetooth gateway submodule.

49. The charging system according to claim 48, wherein, The communication module includes a bus and a Bluetooth submodule disposed within at least a portion of the battery pack. Battery pack data is transmitted simultaneously via the wired communication link based on the bus and the wireless communication link based on the Bluetooth submodule.

50. The charging system according to claim 49, wherein, The battery pack data includes one or more of the following: discharge duration, discharge capacity, number of charge / discharge cycles, number of cycles, maximum recoverable capacity, and fault information of the battery pack within a preset time period.

51. The charging system according to claim 46, wherein, The power conversion device is configured to receive control data from the external device via the wireless communication link, and transmit the control data to the power receiving device and / or the battery pack via the wired communication link.

52. The charging system according to claim 48, wherein, The Bluetooth submodule is configured to broadcast information carrying a data to be transmitted identifier. The Bluetooth gateway submodule is configured to actively establish a communication connection with the Bluetooth submodule after scanning the broadcast information to obtain the data to be transmitted by the Bluetooth submodule.

53. The charging system according to claim 48, wherein, The communication module further includes a Wi-Fi submodule or a Cellular submodule, and the communication module is configured to interact with the external device via the Wi-Fi submodule or the Cellular submodule.

54. The charging system according to claim 48, wherein, The communication module includes a wired communication link based on an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.

55. A charging system, comprising: A power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. The communication module forms a wireless communication link within the charging system and / or between the charging system and the external device, as well as a bus-based wired communication link. The communication module includes one or more communication sub-modules, with each sub-module acting as a data sender and receiving data based on its own arrival. The link status of the two communication links of the external device or another communication submodule of the party may be selectively transmitted to one of the wireless communication links through the wired communication link.

56. The charging system according to claim 55, wherein, The communication submodule is configured to switch between the wired or wireless communication link based on the busy status of the two communication links.

57. The charging system according to claim 55, wherein, The communication submodule is configured to be either a wired or wireless communication link used for switching the signal strength of two communication links.

58. The charging system according to claim 55, wherein, The power conversion device is configured to receive control data from the external device via the wireless communication link, and transmit the control data to the power receiving device and / or the battery pack via the wired communication link.

59. The charging system according to claim 55, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

60. A management system for a charging system, comprising: The charging system includes: At least one power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. External devices, including: monitor; A transceiver configured to receive status data of the charging system from the communication module; The processor is configured to simultaneously display status data of the power conversion device, the power receiving device, and the battery pack on the main interface of the display.

61. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The external device is configured to establish a communication connection with the power conversion device and receive status data from the charging system.

62. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The status data of the power conversion device includes one or more of the following: the start time of the charging system, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

63. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The status data of the power receiving device includes the number of downstream power receiving devices cascaded to the power receiving device, the number of battery packs electrically connected to the power receiving device, and one or more of the following: the start time of the power receiving device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

64. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The battery pack status data includes the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, and the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality.

65. The management system according to claim 64, wherein, The status data of the battery pack also includes the real-time charging progress of the charging system, which includes the number of battery packs that are currently fully charged, the number of battery packs that are being charged, and the number of battery packs that are waiting to be charged.

66. The management system according to claim 64, wherein, The status data of the battery pack also includes one or more of the following: real-time SoC of each battery pack, charging time, and remaining charging time.

67. The management system according to any one of claims 62 to 66, wherein, The processor is also configured to simultaneously display fault information of the charging system on the main interface of the display.

68. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The main interface includes a directory display area, which includes a function menu that users can select. The function menu includes user information and device information of the charging system.

69. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The power conversion device includes a power interface for connecting to an external power source, a connection port for connecting to the power receiving device, and a conversion circuit connecting the power interface and the connection port; the power receiving device includes a power input port for connecting to the power conversion device or another power receiving device, or includes the power input port and a power output port for connecting to another power receiving device.

70. The management system according to claim 60, wherein, The communication module includes one or more of the following: Bluetooth submodule, Bluetooth gateway submodule, Wi-Fi submodule, and Cellular submodule.

71. A management system for a charging system, comprising: The charging system includes: At least one power conversion device and a plurality of power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; The charging system is configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction via the communication module. External devices, including: monitor; A transceiver configured to receive status data of the charging system from the communication module; The monitor has a main interface, which includes an operating status display area and a fault information display area. The system includes a directory display area; wherein the operating status display area displays at least the operating status of the power conversion device and the battery pack, and the directory display area includes a function menu that can be selected by the user.

72. The management system according to claim 71, wherein, The function menu includes user information and device information of the charging system.

73. The management system according to claim 71, wherein, The operation status display area displays one or more of the following: the start time of operation of the power conversion device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

74. The management system according to claim 71, wherein, The operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality, and the real-time charging progress of the charging system.

75. An external device, comprising: Displays and transceivers; The processor is configured to display status data of the charging system on the main interface of the display. The external device is configured to interact with the power conversion device or battery pack in the charging system via the transceiver; the main interface includes an operating status display area, a fault information display area, and a directory display area; the operating status display area displays at least the operating status of the power conversion device and the battery pack, and the directory display area includes a function menu that the user can select.

76. The external device according to claim 75, wherein, The external device is configured to transmit corresponding control data to the charging system via the transceiver in response to user input, so as to adjust the corresponding parameters of the charging system.

77. The external device according to claim 75, wherein, The charging system includes: at least one power conversion device and multiple power receiving devices cascaded together, the charging system being configured to charge a battery pack electrically connected to the power receiving devices; and a communication module, the charging system being configured to establish a communication connection with external devices and perform data interaction through the communication module.

78. The external device according to claim 75, wherein, The function menu includes user information and device information of the charging system.

79. The external device according to claim 75, wherein, The operation status display area displays one or more of the following: the start time of operation of the power conversion device, the duration of operation, and the remaining duration of operation.

80. The external device according to claim 75, wherein, The operating status display area displays one or more of the following: the number of battery packs in the charging system, the number of battery packs with Bluetooth functionality, the charging status of battery packs without Bluetooth functionality, and the real-time charging progress of the charging system.

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