A gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for ceramic green piece, a gypsum slurry comprising the gypsum composition, a frame base, a process for preparing the frame base, and use thereof
A gypsum-based frame base with alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate addresses high water content and mechanical resistance issues in high-pressure casting, enhancing drying efficiency and preventing deformation while offering a sustainable solution.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PLACOPLATRE SA
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
High-pressure casting of ceramic green ware results in pieces with high water content, leading to prolonged drying times and potential deformation due to low mechanical resistance and water absorption issues with existing frame bases like PVC foam board and macroporous resin.
A gypsum composition comprising alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate and optional additives is used to create a frame base with balanced mechanical and water absorption properties, prepared by mixing with water to form a gypsum slurry, which is then hardened and dried to achieve a frame base suitable for supporting and absorbing water from ceramic green pieces.
The frame base exhibits improved mechanical resistance and water absorption, reducing drying time and preventing deformation, with a longer working lifetime and environmental benefits compared to conventional materials.
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Figure CN2024128402_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for ceramic green piece, a gypsum slurry comprising the gypsum composition, a frame base, a process for preparing the frame base, and use thereofTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of gypsum material, and particularly to a gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, a gypsum slurry comprising the gypsum composition, a frame base, a process for preparing the frame base, and use thereof.BACKGROUND
[0002] High-pressure casting is generally employed to produce ceramic green ware. However, compared with plaster mould slip casting for production of ceramic green ware, such processing technology has the drawback of resulting in ceramic green pieces with higher water content.
[0003] Taking a frame base as a support for a ceramic sanitary green ware as an example, after the ceramic green ware pieces are removed from the high-pressure casting mould, they need to be placed on a frame (see, e.g., Fig. 1) . The green ware has to stay on the frame until some water is eliminated from the ceramic body and its mechanical resistance increases, enabling its safe manipulation. Additionally, the frame is required to move the ceramic green ware during production when different production steps are required for sanitary ware. Typical hardness values for the ceramic green ware may be 55-60 (SHORE HARDNESS) when the high-pressure casting mould is opened, and 70-75 (SHORE HARDNESS) when the ceramic green ware is sent to a drier.
[0004] Currently, there are various materials for the frame base, including PVC foam board, macro-porous resin, standard casting plaster (basically beta plaster) or the like. For such frame base, water absorption is very important as it may affect the overall process time for increasing the mechanical resistance of the green ware. PVC foam board and macroporous resin possess extremely low water absorption values, making it difficult for the surface of the green ware in contact with the frame base to be dried. As a result, such contact surface has a lower density than the rest of the ceramic piece and this may also lead to piece deformation during the sintering of the ceramic piece in the kiln. A longer time is needed for drying such green ware, thus causing a low process efficiency.
[0005] In addition to water absorption, mechanical resistance is also important for the frame base as a support for ceramic green ware. Such frame base should have sufficient resistance to avoid deformation under the weight of the green ware.SUMMARY
[0006] Accordingly, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel frame base with adapted mechanical and water absorbing properties, which may be useful for a high-pressure casting ceramic green piece.
[0007] In an aspect, provided is a gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, comprising alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 80wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition, beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 0wt%to 20wt%based on total weight of the composition, and additives in an amount of from 0wt%to 5wt%based on total weight of the composition.
[0008] In an embodiment, the gypsum composition comprises alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 95wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition.
[0009] In an embodiment, in the gypsum composition, the additives comprise a fluidizer, a retarder, an accelerator or a combination thereof.
[0010] In another aspect, provided is a gypsum slurry, comprising 250-340 parts by weight of the gypsum composition as described herein, and 100 parts by weight of water.
[0011] In yet another aspect, provided is a process for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, comprising providing the gypsum composition as described herein, mixing the gypsum composition with water in a weight ratio of 2.5-3.4 to give a gypsum slurry; or providing the gypsum slurry as described herein; and subjecting the gypsum slurry to a mould, hardening and drying to give the frame base.
[0012] In an embodiment, in the process as described herein, compressed air is introduced during the hardening and / or the drying of the gypsum frame base.
[0013] In another aspect, provided is a frame base prepared by the process as described herein.
[0014] In an embodiment, the frame base as described herein comprises a frame base for a high-pressure casting ceramic green piece or a traditional slip casting ceramic green piece. In a preferable embodiment, the high-pressure casting ceramic green piece comprises a high-pressure casting ceramic sanitary green ware. In a preferable embodiment, the traditional slip casting ceramic green piece comprises a slip casting ceramic sanitary green ware, a slip casting ceramic tableware green ware, or a slip casting ceramic refractory green ware.
[0015] In another aspect, provided is use of the frame base as described herein in supporting and / or absorbing water from a ceramic green piece.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Fig. 1 shows a preparing process of a sanitary ware where a frame based is used.
[0017] Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a two-part mould for a frame base with a porous tube net fixed with metallic rings in one of the parts.
[0018] Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a one-part mould for a frame base with metallic tubes inside.
[0019] Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a one-part mould for a frame base without any elements inside.
[0020] Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a frame base according to the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a frame base according to the present disclosure with a sanitary green ware.
[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS
[0023] General definitions and terms
[0024] Unless otherwise stated, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art. If there is a contradiction, the definition provided in this application shall prevail.
[0026] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions or the like as used herein are on a weight basis. When an amount, concentration or other value or parameter is given as a range, a preferable range or a preferable upper limit and lower limit or a specific value, it should be understood that it corresponds to specifically revealing any range by combining any pair of upper limit of the range or preferable range value with the lower limit of any range or preferable range value, regardless of whether the range is specifically disclosed. Unless otherwise stated, the numerical ranges listed herein are intended to include the endpoints of the range and all integers and fractions within the range.
[0027] The term “optional” or “optionally” means the event described subsequent thereto may or may not happen. This term encompasses the cases that the event may or may not happen, and that the contents are selected in an arbitrary manner.
[0028] The terms “include” , “comprise” , “have” , “contain” or “involve” and other variants thereof herein are meant to be inclusive or open-ended, which do not exclude other unlisted elements or process steps. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above terms such as “include” encompass the meaning of “consisting of” . The expression “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not designated. The expression “substantially consisting of” means that the scope is limited to the designated elements, steps or ingredients, plus elements, steps or ingredients that are optionally present which do not substantially affect the essential and novel feature of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprise” encompasses the expressions “substantially consist of” and “consist of” .
[0029] Unless otherwise stated, the terms “combination thereof” , “any combination thereof” and “mixture thereof” mean multicomponent mixtures of the elements, such as two, three, four and up to the maximum possible multicomponent mixtures.
[0030] In addition, if the number of parts or components of the disclosure is not indicated before, it means that there is no limitation to the number of parts or components. Therefore, it should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular word form of a part or component also includes the plural, unless the numerical value clearly indicates the singular.
[0031] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the contents / amounts of each of the components of the composition / product herein may be selected such that the total content / amount will be 100%.
[0032] As used herein, the term “room temperature” refers to 20-30℃, such as 25℃.
[0033] As used herein, the term “high-pressure casting (HPC) ” refers to a manufacturing technique in which a slurry (e.g., a ceramic slurry) is injected into a mould under high pressure. The high pressure may be helpful for ensuring that the slurry fills every nook and cranny of the mould, resulting in a dense and uniform piece (e.g., a ceramic piece) . Resin moulds are commonly used in high-pressure casting. In most of the cases, the green piece in HPC process has a higher water content than that in plaster mould process, i.e., the water content of the green piece prepared by using the high-pressure casting resin moulds will be higher than that prepared by using plaster moulds.
[0034] As used herein, the term “slip casting” refers to manufacturing technique in which a slip (e.g., a slurry composed of fine-grained ceramic particles and liquid medium like water) is poured into a porous mould. Plaster moulds possess the property of absorbing the liquid medium of the slip and are commonly used in slip casting.
[0035] Gypsum composition
[0036] In an aspect, provided is a gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, comprising alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 80wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition, beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 0wt%to 20wt%based on total weight of the composition, and additives in an amount of from 0wt%to 5wt%based on total weight of the composition.
[0037] The hemihydrate form of gypsum is known to depend on the calcination process, and is categorized into two basic forms, the alpha-hemihydrate and the beta-hemihydrate. Alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate (also known as “α calcium sulphate hemihydrate” ) and beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate (also known as “β calcium sulphate hemihydrate” ) may be formed by heating gypsum under a certain pressure to remove the water associated therewith respectively.
[0038] The relatively high content of the alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate may be beneficial for obtaining a frame based with requested mechanical and water absorbing properties. In an embodiment, the gypsum composition as described herein may comprise alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 80wt%to 100wt%, preferably 95wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition, e.g., 80wt%, 82wt%, 84wt%, 85wt%, 88wt%, 90wt%, 92wt%, 94wt%, 95wt%, 96wt%, 97wt%, 98wt%, 99wt%, or 100wt%, based on total weight of the composition.
[0039] In an embodiment, the gypsum composition as described herein may comprise beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 0wt%to 20wt%based on total weight of the composition, e.g., 20wt%, 18wt%, 15wt%, 14wt%, 12wt%, 10wt%, 8wt%, 5wt%, 4wt%, 2wt%, or 0wt%.
[0040] There may be no beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate in the gypsum composition and thus the content of beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate may be 0wt%. In an embodiment, the gypsum composition as described herein may comprise alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 80wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition, and additives in an amount of from 0wt%to 5wt%based on total weight of the composition.
[0041] Additives may play a vital role in optimizing the performance and functionality of gypsum compositions, enabling them to meet the diverse needs of various industries and applications. The total content of the additives may be determined by those skilled in the art based on practical applications. In an embodiment, the gypsum composition as described herein may comprise additives in an amount of from 0wt%to 5wt%based on total weight of the composition, e.g., 5wt%, 4wt%, 3wt%, 2wt%, 1wt%, or 0wt%.
[0042] Additives used herein may include, but not limited to, a fluidizer, a retarder, an accelerator or a combination thereof. The fluidizer, retarder, and accelerator may be any suitable commercially available products, and their specific contents may be determined by those skilled in the art based on practical applications. As used herein, the contents of fluidizer, retarder, and accelerator are those conventionally used in the field.
[0043] A fluidizer is a substance that is added to the gypsum composition for increasing the fluidity. It enhances the workability and improves the flow characteristics of the material, allowing for smoother spreading and better coverage.
[0044] A retarder is a substance used to slow down the setting time of a gypsum slurry. This allows for more time to work with the material, such as during pouring, molding, or application. A retarder may be beneficial for controlling the rate of chemical reactions that lead to hardening, ensuring that the material remains workable for an extended period.
[0045] An accelerator is a substance that is added to the gypsum composition for speeding up the setting or hardening process. It promotes the chemical reactions that lead to the formation of a solid structure more quickly. In an embodiment, the accelerator includes potassium sodium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, tartaric acid or a combination thereof.
[0046] The gypsum composition as described herein, when mixed with water, may be useful for preparing a frame base with good supporting and water absorbing properties. Thus, in another aspect, provided is use of the gypsum composition as described herein in preparing a frame base for ceramic green piece.
[0047] Gypsum slurry
[0048] In another aspect, provided is a gypsum slurry, comprising 250-340 parts by weight of the gypsum composition as described herein, and 100 parts by weight of water.
[0049] Gypsum slurry is a mixture of gypsum composition and water. The gypsum composition reacts with the water to form a fluid or semi-fluid material that may be poured or applied in various ways. The properties of gypsum slurry may be adjusted by varying the ratio of gypsum powder to water and by adding additives.
[0050] The gypsum slurry as described herein may be useful for preparing a frame base with excellent supporting and water absorbing / permeability properties. Thus, in another aspect, provided is use of the gypsum slurry as described herein in preparing a frame base for ceramic green piece.
[0051] Compared to slurry for a standard casting plaster (basically containing beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate with PWR varying from 1.2 to 1.8) , a higher PWR (Plaster Water Ratio, i.e., the weight ratio of plaster to water) of the gypsum slurry as described herein is available which may be beneficial for improving the mechanical property of the gypsum piece prepared therefrom.
[0052] In an embodiment, the gypsum slurry comprises 250-340 parts by weight of the gypsum composition as described herein, and 100 parts by weight of water. In an embodiment, the gypsum slurry may comprise 250 parts or more, 260 parts or more, 270 parts or more, 280 parts or more, 290 parts or more, 300 parts or more, 310 parts or more, 320 parts or more, 330 parts or more, or 340 parts of the gypsum composition as described herein, and 100 parts by weight of water. In another embodiment, the gypsum slurry comprises 340 parts or less, 330 parts or less, 320 parts or less, 310 parts or less, 300 parts or less, 290 parts or less, 280 parts or less, 270 parts or less, 260 parts or less, or 250 parts by weight of the gypsum composition as described herein, and 100 parts by weight of water. Alternatively, the gypsum slurry may comprise the gypsum composition as described herein in a range constituted by any two parts by weight of the values as listed, and 100 parts by weight of water.
[0053] In an embodiment, in the gypsum slurry, the gypsum composition and water are present in a weight ratio of 2.5-3.4. In an embodiment, the gypsum composition and water may be present in a weight ratio of 2.5 or more, 2.6 or more, 2.7 or more, 2.8 or more, 2.9 or more, 3.0 or more, 3.1 or more, 3.2 or more, 3.3 or more, or 3.4. In another embodiment, the gypsum composition and water may be present in a weight ratio of 3.4 or less, 3.3 or less, 3.2 or less, 3.1 or less, 3.0 or less, 2.9 or less, 2.8 or less, 2.7 or less, 2.6 or less, or 2.5. Alternatively, in the gypsum slurry, the gypsum composition and water are present in a weight ratio in a range constituted by any two of the values as listed. For gypsum slurry with a relatively low content of gypsum (for example, having a PWR lower than 2.5) , the porosity of the obtained frame base will be excessively high and the frame base may possess lower mechanical resistance and a shorter lifetime.
[0054] Process for preparing a frame base
[0055] In yet another aspect, provided is a process for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece.
[0056] In an embodiment, the process for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece may comprise providing the gypsum composition as described herein, mixing the gypsum composition with water in a weight ratio of 2.5-3.4 to give a gypsum slurry; and subjecting the gypsum slurry to a mould, hardening and drying to give the frame base.
[0057] In an alternative embodiment, the process for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece may comprise providing the gypsum slurry as described herein; and subjecting the gypsum slurry to a mould, hardening and drying to give the frame base.
[0058] The selection for components of the gypsum composition and the PWR of the gypsum slurry, as well as their effects on the obtained frame base, are as described above.
[0059] Before being subjected into the mould, the gypsum slurry may be thoroughly mixed to ensure a homogeneous state. This step may be beneficial for achieving a consistent quality of the final product. By ensuring thorough mixing, any potential clumps or inconsistencies in the slurry can be eliminated, resulting in a more uniform and reliable end result.
[0060] A suitable mould for the frame base may be beneficial for improving the properties of the frame base. The mould used herein may include: a mould consisting of two parts (one male part and one female part) or a mould consisting of a single part. A mould consisting of two parts is preferable as it may facilitate to obtain a better-performing frame base by a convenient process. The material, shape, and size of the mould may be adjusted according to practical needs. In an embodiment, the mould is a polymeric mould.
[0061] The mould may contain certain elements inside to further improve the performances of the prepared frame base. The elements inside may include, but not limited to, a porous tube net fixed with metallic rings (e.g., as shown in Fig. 2) , or metallic tubes (e.g., as shown in Fig. 3) . The material, shape, and distance of the elements inside may be adjusted according to practical needs.
[0062] In an embodiment, the elements inside the mould may be a porous tube net fixed with metallic rings, the diameter of porous tube may be 2-6 mm (e.g., 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, or the like) , the and the distance between the tubes may be from 3 cm to 5 cm (e.g., 3 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, 4.5 cm, or 5 cm and the like) .
[0063] In an embodiment, the elements inside the mould may be metallic tubes with a diameter of 5-10 mm (e.g., 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, or the like) and the distance between two tubes may be from 10 cm to 15 cm (e.g., 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 15 cm, or the like) .
[0064] The elements inside the mould may then be removed at a certain time point after the slurry is put into the mould and starts to harden. In an embodiment, after the slurry in the mould starts to harden and once the temperature of the slurry reaches 6-8℃ higher than the initial temperature, the elements inside the mould are removed. The slurry will continue to harden in the absence of any elements inside until the completion of hardening.
[0065] In an alternative embodiment, the mould for a frame base is a two-part polymeric mould, one being a male part and the other one being a female part. One of these two parts contains a porous tube net fixed with metallic rings, and the porous tube have a diameter of 4 mm and the distance between the tubes is from 3 to 5 cm.
[0066] In another alternative embodiment, the mould for a frame base is a single-part polymeric mould with metallic tubes inside, and the metallic tubes have a diameter of 7 mm and the distance between the tubes is from 10 to 15 cm.
[0067] In yet another alternative embodiment, the mould for a frame base is a single-part polymeric mould without any element inside.
[0068] Compressed air may be introduced during the hardening for improving pore size. After the completion of the hardening, compressed air may be introduced for drying and this also benefits in improving pore size and optimizing water absorption of the obtained frame base. The air pressure may remain constant or show a gradient change.
[0069] In an embodiment, the air pressure remains constant and for example may be 1-2 bar (e.g., 1.0 bar, 1.2 bar, 1.5 bar, 1.8 bar, 2.0 bar, or the like) . In specific embodiment, the mould for a frame base is a two-part mould and the air pressure remains constant.
[0070] In an embodiment, the air pressure shows a gradient change which increases with 0.5 bar step every 30 second and when pressure reaches 5 bars, the compressed air stays unchanged for another 30 min. In specific embodiment, the mould for a frame base is a single-part mould and the air pressure shows a gradient change.
[0071] Frame base and use thereof
[0072] In another aspect, provided is a frame base prepared by the process as described herein.
[0073] The frame base herein exhibits a well-balanced working lifetime and water absorption / permeability, and it plays an outstanding role as a support and water absorber for a ceramic green piece.
[0074] The working lifetime of a frame base refers to the duration during which the frame base can perform its intended function effectively. Specifically, it refers to the period from the time it is first put into use until it can no longer provide sufficient support or meets the required mechanical resistance due to factors such as wear, deformation, or damage. This includes the number of ceramic green ware pieces it can support before it needs to be replaced.
[0075] In an embodiment, the frame base as described herein comprises a frame base for a high-pressure casting ceramic green piece. In a preferable embodiment, the high-pressure casting ceramic green piece comprises a high-pressure casting ceramic sanitary green ware. In another embodiment, the frame base as described herein comprises a frame base for a ceramic green piece. The ceramic green piece could be from sanitary ware, tableware or refractory.
[0076] The mechanical properties of frame bases herein may be measured following the EN 13279-2 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters –Part 2: Test methods.
[0077] In an embodiment, the frame base as described herein has a flexural strength of from 6 to 20 MPa, preferably from 9 to 13 MPa (e.g., 6 MPa, 7 MPa, 8 MPa, 9 MPa, 10 MPa, 11 MPa, 12 MPa, 13 MPa, 14 MPa, 15 MPa, 16 MPa, 17 MPa, 18 MPa, 19 MPa, 20 MPa, or the like) , measured in accordance with EN 13279-2.
[0078] In another embodiment, the frame base as described herein has a Brinell hardness of from 40 to 200 MPa, preferably from 100 to 170 MPa (e.g., 40 MPa, 50 MPa, 60 MPa, 70 MPa, 80 MPa, 90 MPa, 100 MPa, 110 MPa, 120 MPa, 130 MPa, 140 MPa, 150 MPa, 160 MPa, 170 MPa, 180 MPa, 190 MPa, 200 MPa, or the like) , measured in accordance with EN 13279-2.
[0079] In yet another embodiment, the frame base as described herein has a dry compressive strength of from 20 to 60 MPa, preferably from 30 to 52 MPa (e.g., 20 MPa, 25 MPa, 30 MPa, 35 MPa, 40 MPa, 45 MPa, 50 MPa, 55 MPa, 60 MPa, or the like) , measured in accordance with EN 13279-2.
[0080] Herein the porosity of a frame base may be measured by a pore volume method. Specially, the porosity of a sample having dimensions of 40 mm by 40 mm by 160 mm is tested. The sample is cast and dried to a constant weight in a drying cabinet at 40℃. After a constant weight has been achieved, the sample is cooled to room temperature and weighted once more. Next, the sample is placed in a water-filled desiccator and a vacuum is generated. The sample is left in water and under vacuum for 24 hours before it is taken out and the surface of each object is dried with a towel. The sample is then immediately weighted. After weighting, the pore volume may be calculated via the following formulas:
[0081] wherein,
[0082] m1 = weight of sample after water exposure (grams) ;
[0083] m0 = dry weight of sample (grams) ;
[0084] SR = bulking density (grams / cm3) ;
[0085] SW = density of water (grams / cm3) ;
[0086] V = volume of the sample (cm3) .
[0087] In an embodiment, the frame base as described herein has a pore volume of from 5%to 40%, preferably from 20%to 30%, e.g., 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 40%, or the like.
[0088] Herein, the water absorption of a frame base can be measured according to methods commonly used in this field. Exemplary steps are as follows: weighing the frame base to obtain its initial weight and then immersing it into water; after a certain period of time for sufficient absorption, taking out the frame base and gently wiping off the excess water on its surface; subsequently, weighing the frame base again to obtain the final weight.
[0089] The water absorption of the frame base may be calculated via the following formula:
[0090] Water Absorption = (Mfinal-Mintial) / Mintial ×100% Formula III;
[0091] wherein,
[0092] Mintial = the initial weight of the sample (grams) ;
[0093] Mfinal = the final weight of the sample after being immersed in the water (grams) .
[0094] In an embodiment, the frame base as described herein has a water absorption of 5%to 40%, preferably from 10%to 25%, e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 38%, 40%, or the like.
[0095] In another aspect, provided is use of the frame base as described herein in supporting and / or absorbing water from a ceramic green piece. The frame base as described herein may provide support and water absorbing effects for a green piece, for example, a ceramic green piece, during and after its fabrication by high-pressure casting machine, as well as the transport of such green piece. The frame base as described herein may also be used in supporting a ceramic green piece after its formation by another method than HPC, such as slip casting.
[0096] Due to high requirements for structural fineness and performance of a sanitary ware, the high-pressure casting process is widely used in the manufacture of sanitary ware. Due to the relatively large size of a sanitary ware, a wider contacting surface area between the sanitary green ware and frame base may be needed for sufficient support. As a result, it will take quite a long time for drying the sanitary green ware before safety manipulation. The excellent supporting and water absorption / permeability effects of frame based according to the present disclosure can solve this problem, thereby improving the process efficiency and obtaining a sanitary ware with good appearance and performance. Fig. 5 shows a frame base according to the present disclosure. Fig. 6 shows a frame base according to the present disclosure with a sanitary green ware.
[0097] The skilled person in the art would understand that the frame base according to the present disclosure may also be used as a support and / or water absorber for a green piece with high water content prepared by other process.
[0098] BENEFICIAL EFFECTS
[0099] The frame base according to the present disclosure shows adapted mechanical and water absorbing / permeability properties, which can be used as a support and water absorber for a ceramic green ware and the frame base has a long working lifetime. By utilizing the frame base according to the present disclosure, the contact surface between the frame base and the ceramic green ware can be dried more easily. This avoids a lower density at the contact surface compared to the rest of the ceramic piece and also prevents piece deformation in the kiln during the sintering.
[0100] Compared to conventional frame bases, the frame base as described herein shows additional advantages. In particular, the present frame base has a much longer working lifetime compared to that of the beta plaster frame base. It is also non-toxic, which is a great advantage compared to a frame base made of organic resins since organic resins may contain harmful substances. Moreover, the frame base as described herein is made of recyclable plaster material, which not only makes it an environmentally friendly option but also promotes its economic value. Upon deformation, the frame base according to the present disclosure shows lower deformation compared to a frame base made of foam material.EXAMPLES
[0101] The solution of the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.
[0102] It should be noted that the following examples are only examples for clearly explaining the technical solution of the present disclosure and are not limitations of the present disclosure. For an ordinary technical person in the art, other changes or modifications in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description, and it is unnecessary and impossible to exhaust all the embodiments herein and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0103] Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, equipment and reagent materials used herein are all commercially available.
[0104] Example 1
[0105] Example 1 was prepared according to the following steps:
[0106] A polymeric mould was used for making the frame base and the polymeric mould consisted of two parts (one being a male part and the other one being a female parts) . One of these two parts contained a 4 mm porous tube net fixed with metallic rings, and the distance between the tubes ranged from 3 to 5 cm. This polymeric mould is as shown in Fig 2.
[0107] 17 kilograms of a gypsum composition (formula as shown in Table 1) was poured into 5 liters of water (Plaster Water Ratio (PWR) = 3.4) . The pouring time was 1 min, the soaking time was 30 seconds, and the mixing time was 3 min and then a slurry was obtained. The slurry had a v-cat fluidity of 17 centimeters, an initial setting time of 19 min, and a final setting time of 23 min.
[0108] The two parts of the polymeric mould were fixed together, and the gypsum slurry was poured inside the mould. The gypsum slurry hardened for another 45 min and then the mould was opened, and 1.5 bars of compressed air was injected into the frame base to dry the plaster and improve porosity.
[0109] Example 2
[0110] Example 2 was prepared according to the following steps:
[0111] A polymeric mould was a single-part mould and was prepared with metallic tubes with a diameter of 7mm and distance between two tubes is 10 cm to 15 cm. This polymeric mould is as shown in Fig 3.
[0112] The gypsum composition (formula as shown in Table 1) was mixed with water in a ratio of 3.0. The gypsum composition was poured for 1 min, then soaking on water for 1 min. The mixing was done under vacuum at a speed of 500 rpm for 4 min.
[0113] The gypsum slurry was transferred to the polymeric mould for the frame carefully to avoid defects and then the temperature measurement was started. The plaster slurry would start to harden and once temperature reached 6℃ to 8℃ higher than the initial temperature, metallic tubes were removed. After the slurry completely hardened, the frame base was taken out of the mould.
[0114] Compressed air was then injected to the frame base with an increase of 0.5 bar step every 30 second until 5 bars. When air pressure reached 5 bars, the compressed air stayed unchanged for 30 min to expulse water from the frame base. The expulsed water on the surface of frame base was cleaned.
[0115] Example 3
[0116] Example 3 was prepared according to the following steps:
[0117] The polymeric mould was a single-part mould without any element inside. This polymeric mould is as shown in Fig. 4.
[0118] The gypsum composition (formula as shown in Table 1) was mixed with water in a ratio of 2.5. The gypsum composition was poured for 1 min, then soaking on water for 1 min. The mixing was done under vacuum at a speed of 700 rpm for 3 min.
[0119] The gypsum slurry was transferred to polymeric mould for the frame base carefully to avoid defects and then the slurry started to harden. After the slurry completely hardened, the frame base was taken out of the mould and was dried for at least 24h in a dryer at 40℃.
[0120] Comparative Example 1
[0121] Comparative Example 1 was prepared according to the following steps:
[0122] The polymeric mould was a single-part mould without any element inside. This polymeric mould is as shown in Fig. 4.
[0123] The gypsum composition (formula as shown in Table 1) was mixed with water in a ratio of 1.4. The gypsum composition was poured for 1 min, then soaking on water for 1 min. The mixing was done under vacuum at a speed of 700 rpm for 3 min.
[0124] The gypsum slurry was transferred to polymeric mould for the frame base carefully to avoid defects and then the slurry started to harden. After the slurry completely hardened, the frame base was taken out of the mould and was dried for at least 24h in a dryer at 40℃.
[0125] Table 1
[0126] Table 2
[0127] As shown in Table 2, Examples 1-3 exhibited adapted mechanical property and water absorption. Although Comparative Example 1 had a relatively high water absorption, its mechanical properties were unsatisfactory.
[0128] The working lifetime and water absorption about the frame base made from different materials were summarized in the following Table 3.
[0129] Table 3
[0130] Although the frame bases made from PVC foam board and macroporous resin showed long working lifetime, the extremely low water absorption values were undesirable due to the difficulty in drying the surface of the green piece in contact with the frame base.
[0131] The standard casting plaster frame base was mainly made from beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate and it had an obvious defect of a rather short working lifetime.
[0132] The frame base of the present disclosure exhibited good working lifetime and water absorbing / permeability performance, which could meet the requirements as a frame base for a high-pressure casting ceramic sanitary green ware.
[0133] Although the specific embodiments according to the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and the protection scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principle and essence of the present disclosure, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A gypsum composition for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, comprisingalpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 80wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition,beta calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 0wt%to 20wt%based on total weight of the composition,andadditives in an amount of from 0wt%to 5wt%based on total weight of the composition.2.The gypsum composition according to claim 1, characterized in that,the gypsum composition comprises alpha calcium sulphate hemihydrate in an amount of from 95wt%to 100wt%based on total weight of the composition.3.The gypsum composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,the additives comprise a fluidizer, a retarder, an accelerator or a combination thereof.4.A gypsum slurry, comprising250-340 parts by weight of the gypsum composition according any one of claims 1-3, and 100 parts by weight of water.5.A process for preparing a frame base for a ceramic green piece, comprisingproviding the gypsum composition according to any one of claims 1-3, mixing the gypsum composition with water in a weight ratio of 2.5-3.4 to give a gypsum slurry; orproviding the gypsum slurry according to claim 4;ANDsubjecting the gypsum slurry to a mould, hardening and drying to give the frame base.6.The process according to claim 5, characterized in that,compressed air is introduced during the hardening and / or the drying of the gypsum frame base.7.A frame base prepared by the process according to claim 5 or 6.8.The frame base according to claim 7, characterized in that,the frame base has a flexural strength of from 6 to 20 MPa, preferably from 9 to 13 MPa, measured in accordance with EN 13279-2; and / or,the frame base has a Brinell hardness of from 40 to 200 MPa, preferably from 100 to 170 MPa, measured in accordance with EN 13279-2; and / orthe frame base has a dry compressive strength of from 20 to 60 MPa, preferably from 30 to 52 MPa, measured in accordance with EN 13279-2; and / orthe frame base has a pore volume of from 5%to 40%, preferably from 20%to 30%; and / orthe frame base has a water absorption of 5%to 40%, preferably from 10%to 25%.9.The frame base according to claim 5, characterized in that,the frame base comprises a frame base for a high-pressure casting ceramic green piece, or a slip casting ceramic green piece,preferably,the high-pressure casting ceramic green piece comprises a high-pressure casting ceramic sanitary green ware; and / orthe slip casting ceramic green piece comprises a slip casting ceramic sanitary green ware, a slip casting ceramic tableware green ware, or a slip casting ceramic refractory green ware.10.Use of the frame base according to any one of claims 7-9 in supporting and / or absorbing water from a ceramic green piece.
Citation Information
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