Communication method and apparatus, electronic device, and related products
By adding redundant bits to the bit sequence and mapping them to the edge of the constellation map, the decoding performance of the first few OFDM data symbols in Wi-Fi networks is enhanced, addressing the issue of poor decoding in existing technologies.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Wi-Fi networks using IEEE 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11a, 802.11ac, and 802.11x protocols face poorer decoding performance in the first or first few OFDM data symbols due to inadequate frequency offset compensation, necessitating further optimization.
A communication method that involves adding redundant bits to the bit sequence before constellation mapping to improve decoding performance, particularly for the first or first few OFDM data symbols, by mapping these bits to the edge of the constellation map, thereby enhancing the likelihood of successful decoding.
This approach reduces the decoding capability requirement for receivers and improves the decoding performance of both average and worst-case scenarios for the first few OFDM symbols.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024129738_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RELATED PRODUCTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies, and more particularly to communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks in Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11a, 802.11ac, and 802.11x protocols utilize an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology.
[0003] In practice, the first or first few OFDM data symbols in a Wi-Fi frame received by a receiving apparatus may have poorer decoding performance compared with the other OFDM data symbols. This is because mitigation procedures, such as poor frequency offset compensation based on poor frequency offset estimation, are not yet stable at the point of the first or first few data symbols.
[0004] Some solutions have been proposed to improve the decoding performance of the first or first few OFDM data symbols during data transmission. However, there remains room for further optimization and exploration.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses, electronic devices, and related products.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a transmitting device side, for example, a transmitting device, a component (e.g., a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a transmitting device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a transmitting device.
[0007] The method comprises: obtaining a first bit sequence by encoding data bits; obtaining a second bit sequence by adding k redundant bits to the first bit sequence, wherein k is a positive integer; obtaining a modulation symbol by performing constellation mapping on the second bit sequence; and transmitting the modulation symbol.
[0008] In this case, redundant bits are added to the first bit sequence which is an encoded data bit sequence. The redundant bits together with the first bit sequence are mapped to the constellation map to form a modulation symbol. Moreover, the redundant bits together with the first bit sequence may mapped to the point at the edge of constellation map. Since the point at the edge of the constellation map may have a higher log-likelihood ratio (LLR) compared to the point that is not at the edge of the constellation map, the probability for decoding successfully may be improved. In this way, a requirement on a decoding capability of a receiver may be lowered, and further, the receiving device may be capable of decoding symbols with higher modulation scheme.
[0009] In a possible design, the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.
[0010] As such, the redundant bit may be added to at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence that may further be mapped to a constellation map.
[0011] In a possible design, the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.
[0012] In a case where bit (s) at an end of the I-path second bit sequence and / or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence have a higher possibility of being decoded incorrectly than bit (s) at other positions of the I-path second bit sequence and / or other positions of the Q-path second bit sequence, in these embodiments, the redundant bit is placed at the position at which the bit is more possible to be decoded incorrectly, and accordingly, the valid bits may be placed at the positions at which the bits are more possible to be decoded correctly. In this way, the receiving device may have a higher possibility to decode the valid bits correctly.
[0013] In a possible design, the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.
[0014] In this case, the first bit sequence may have (m-k) bits each of which is a valid bit. After the k redundant bits are added to the first bit sequence, the second bit sequence may be obtained. The second bit sequence may include (m-k) valid bits and k redundant bits. Since k is less than m, thereby ensuring that at least one valid bit is included in the second bit sequence.
[0015] In a possible design, k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.
[0016] In this case, k is an even number, and the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence each include the same number of redundant bits. As such, decoding performance of the receiving device on decoding both the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence may be have the same improvement, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0017] In a possible design, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0018] In a possible design, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0019] In these cases, k is an odd number, and the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence each include almost the same number of redundant bits. As such, decoding performance of the receiving device on decoding both the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence may have a similar improvement, , thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0020] In a possible design, the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.
[0021] As such, flexibility of arrangement of the redundant bits may be improved, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0022] In a possible design, the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; and
[0023] the second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.
[0024] In this way, flexibility of arrangement of the redundant bits may be improved, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0025] In a possible design, a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.
[0026] This may help increasing the probability that the bits in the second bit sequence are mapped to the edge of the constellation map.
[0027] In a possible design, k is predefined.
[0028] In this case, overhead of signaling for indicating the value of k may be reduced.
[0029] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a receiving device side, for example, a receiving device, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a receiving device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a receiving device.
[0030] The method comprises: receiving a modulation symbol, wherein the modulation symbol is obtained by performing constellation mapping on a second bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises k redundant bits, and k is a positive integer; and obtaining a first bit sequence based on positions of the k redundant bits by demodulating the modulation symbol, wherein the first bit sequence is an encoded bit sequence.
[0031] In a possible design, the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.
[0032] In a possible design, the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.
[0033] In a possible design, the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.
[0034] In a possible design, k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.
[0035] In a possible design, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0036] In a possible design, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0037] In a possible design, the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.
[0038] In a possible design, the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; and the second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.
[0039] In a possible design, a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.
[0040] In a possible design, k is predefined.
[0041] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0042] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0043] According to a fifth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0044] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0045] According to a sixth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0046] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0047] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0048] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0049] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0050] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0052] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates a frame format of the physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) frame in the WLAN 802.11 OFDM PHY specifications 11a / g / n / ac / ax / be.
[0054] FIG. 3 illustrates an example main transmitter blocks in conventional solutions.
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrates another example main transmitter blocks in conventional solutions.
[0056] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate constellation maps of 16QAM and 64QAM.
[0057] FIG. 6 illustrates an example in case of equal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams.
[0058] FIG. 7 illustrates an example in case of unequal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams.
[0059] FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM symbol arrangement in frames of different streams.
[0060] FIG. 9 illustrates subcarrier arrangements in OFDM symbols of multiple streams.
[0061] FIG. 10 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0062] FIG. 11 illustrates main transmitter blocks in accordance with some embodiments.
[0063] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in case of equal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams in accordance with some embodiments.
[0064] FIG. 13 illustrates an example in case of unequal modulation scheme for at least two streams in total three streams in accordance with some embodiments.
[0065] FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 15 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] The solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication networks, such as a future generation network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) network. The solutions may also be implemented in Wi-Fi, non-terrestrial network (NTN) , cloud and edge computing service, sensing services, or distributed or self-organized networks. In an example, the solutions may be applied to automated manufacturing systems in smart factories. In another example, the solutions may be applied to other intelligent vertical scenarios such as ports, delivery systems and medical systems.
[0068] A Wi-Fi technology is a wireless local area network (LAN) technology in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Wi-Fi technology may involve two types of devices: an access point (AP) and a station (STA) . The AP is a provider of a Wi-Fi network which allows other devices to access the Wi-Fi network. For example, the AP may be a wireless routers, a wireless bridge, a wireless LAN controller, a wireless repeater, or a wireless gateway. The device that accesses the Wi-Fi network provided by the AP may be referred to as the STA. For example, an electronic device that supports a Wi-Fi function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or a laptop computer, can be used as the STA. User data may be communicated between the AP and the STA through a Wi-Fi physical frame (Wi-Fi frame for short) .
[0069] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes an AP 110, one or more STAs 120a, 120b, 120c (collectively referred to as 120) . AP 110 may communicate with one or more STAs 120 on the downlink and uplink. The downlink is the communication link from the AP 110 to the STAs 120, and the uplink is the communication link from the STAs 120 to the AP 110. A STA also may communicate peer-to-peer with another STA.
[0070] In order to facilitate the understanding of the solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a brief introduction of the relevant technologies of the present disclosure is first provided.
[0071] 1. Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) frame
[0072] PLCP frame serves as an interface between the physical layer (PHY) and the media access control (MAC) layer.
[0073] FIG. 2 illustrates a frame format of the physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) frame in the WLAN 802.11 OFDM PHY specifications 11a / g / n / ac / ax / be. As shown in FIG. 2, the PLCP frame includes a preamble portion and a data portion.
[0074] The preamble portion may include fields such as Non-HT Short Training field (L-STF) , Non-HT Long Training field (L-LTF) , Non-HT SIGNAL (L-SIG) field, High Throughput Signal (HT-SIG) field, Very High Throughput Signal (VHT-SIG) field, Extremely High Throughput Signal (EHT-SIG) field, High-Throughput Long Training field (HT-LTF) , Very High Throughput Long Training field (VHT-LTF) , and Extremely High Throughput Long Training field (EHT-LTF) , each of which may include multiple OFDM symbols. L-STF is used for receiver packet detection and automatic gain control (AGC) setting. L-LTF is used for receiver coarse channel estimation. Each of L-SIG, HT-SIG, VHT-SIG and EHT-SIG contains signaling for PHY features. Each of HT-LTF, VHT-LTF and EHT-LTF is used for receiver fine channel estimation. The preamble portion may further include other OFDM symbols for signaling or signal processing purposes. OFDM symbols in the preamble portion may be modulated using modulation scheme such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) , which may provide high reliability at the cost of lower rate.
[0075] The data portion may include OFDM symbols which may be modulated using modulation scheme such as BPSK, QPSK or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) (e.g., 16 / 64 / 256 / 1024 / 4096QAM) . The higher modulation schemes may provide higher data rate at the cost of reliability.
[0076] 2. Main Transmitter Blocks
[0077] FIG. 3 illustrates main transmitter blocks in conventional solutions. The transmitter blocks include a scrambler, a forward error correction (FEC) encoder, a stream parser, a constellation mapper, spatial mapping, inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) , guard interval (GI) insertion, and Analog and radio frequency (RF) .
[0078] The scrambler may perform scrambling on data bits by randomizing the data bits to prevent long sequences of zeros or ones, which may help to maintain signal integrity and reduce the likelihood of errors during future transmission.
[0079] The FEC encoder may encode the scrambled data bits using codes such as convolutional codes, Reed-Solomon codes, or Low-Density Parity-Check Code (LDPC) . The FEC encoder may further perform rate matching on the encoded data bits. FEC encoding may help the receiver to detect and correct errors without needing a retransmission of the encoded data bits.
[0080] The stream parser may separate the encoded data bits into multiple streams. The stream parser may organize the order of the encoded data bits into manageable, ensuring that the encoded data bits are structured correctly for the subsequent constellation mapping processes.
[0081] The constellation mapper may map the encoded data bits in different streams to constellation map such as constellation map of BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM or 4096QAM. Each point in the constellation map represents a modulation symbol. FIGS. 5A and 5B each illustrate the constellation map of 16QAM and 64QAM.
[0082] Spatial mapping may be performed in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Spatial mapping may assign the modulation symbols to different antennas of the transmitting apparatus to exploit spatial diversity and thereby increasing the throughput.
[0083] In the procedure of IDFT, the modulation symbols are converted from frequency domain to time domain, forming an OFDM symbol.
[0084] In the procedure of GI insertion, a guard interval prefix is added to the OFDM symbol. The guard interval prefix provides a buffer period between OFDM symbols so that inter-symbol interference (ISI) may be prevented.
[0085] The Analog and RF block may perform upsampling on a digital signal including OFDM symbols and convert the digital signal into an analog signal suitable for transmission over the airwaves. The Analog and RF block may further perform analog signal amplification to ensure the signal can be effectively transmitted and received.
[0086] FIG. 4 illustrates a transmitter block diagram for the Data field of a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz Very High Throughput (VHT) Single User Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) with LDPC encoding.
[0087] PHY padding is used to ensure that the packet length aligns with the physical layer transmission requirements. Pre-FEC PHY Padding is performed before Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding to ensure that the data length input to the FEC encoder aligns with the encoder's requirements.
[0088] The scrambler is used to scramble the input data bits to enhance randomness and anti-interference capabilities.
[0089] The LDPC Encoder applies LDPC coding to the data to increase error correction capability.
[0090] The stream parser is used to separate the data stream into multiple streams.
[0091] The constellation mapper is used to map the encoded data bits onto a specific constellation map for modulation.
[0092] The LDPC tone mapper is used to map the LDPC-encoded data bits onto specific tones.
[0093] Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) generates different versions or copies of the data to improve the reliability of data transmission.
[0094] Cyclic Shift Diversity per Spatial-Temporal Stream (CSD per STS) is used to applying different cyclic shifts on each stream to enhance the reliability of data transmission.
[0095] Spatial Mapping is used to map data stream onto different antennas for transmission.
[0096] Insert GI and Window is used to insert a guard interval (GI) and window function to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) .
[0097] IDFT is used to convert frequency domain signals into time domain signals.
[0098] Analog and RF is used for Analog and RF processing, including upconversion, filtering, amplification, etc., to convert the signal into a form suitable for transmission via an antenna.
[0099] 3. QAM Constellation
[0100] In QAM mapping, several binary bits are mapped into a QAM constellation point. The list of number of bits mapped to one constellation point is as follows:
[0101] 16QAM: 4bits;
[0102] 64QAM: 6bits;
[0103] 256QAM: 8bits;
[0104] 1024QAM: 10bits;
[0105] 4096QAM: 12bits.
[0106] In the WLAN 802.11 OFDM PHY specifications, the mapping of the bit values to each constellation location point is defined for each 16 / 64 / 256 / 1024 / 4096 QAM schemes. FIGS. 5A and 5B show mapping schemes for 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively.
[0107] 4. Stream Parser
[0108] The purpose of the stream parser is to select bits to be mapped to the real and imaginary parts of the BPSK / QPSK / QAM constellation, and also to provide mapping rules for the case of multiple streams.
[0109] The general rule for the stream parser is that in each stream, one real part is constructed from consecutive input bits, and one imaginary part is constructed from consecutive input bits. Moreover, in case of multiple streams, across the multiple streams, the real parts of the streams are constructed from consecutive input bits, and the imaginary parts of the streams are constructed from consecutive input bits.
[0110] For example, given input bit sequence {x0, x1, x2, x3, …} , output of the stream parser may be varied according to different modulation scheme for each stream. FIGS. 6 and 7 each illustrate an example output of the stream parser.
[0111] FIG. 6 shows an example in case of equal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams.
[0112] In this example, output of the stream parser includes three streams: stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2, and modulation scheme for each stream is 64QAM. The first six bits in stream 0 are x0, x1, x2, x9, x10 and x11, where x0, x1 and x2 are I-path bits, and x9, x10 and x11 are Q-path bits. The first six bits in stream 1 are x3, x4, x5, x12, x13 and x14, where x3, x4 and x5 are I-path bits, and x12, x13 and x14 are Q-path bits. The first six bits in stream 2 are x6, x7, x8, x15, x16 and x17, where x6, x7 and x8 are I-path bits, and x15, x16 and x17 are Q-path bits.
[0113] In stream 0, one real part is constructed from consecutive input bits x0, x1 and x2, and one imaginary part is constructed from consecutive input bits x9, x10 and x11. Across the stream 0 and stream 1, the real parts of the streams are constructed from consecutive input bits x0, x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5, and the imaginary parts are constructed from consecutive input bits x9, x10, x11, x12, x13 and x14.
[0114] FIG. 7 shows an example in case of unequal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams.
[0115] In this example, output of the stream parser includes three streams: stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2, and modulation schemes for stream 0, stream 1 and stream 2 are 64QAM, QPSK and 16QAM, respectively. The first six bits in stream 0 are x0, x1, x2, x6, x7 and x8, where x0, x1 and x2 are I-path bits, and x6, x7 and x8 are Q-path bits. The first two bits in stream 1 are x3 and x9, where x3 is an I-path bit, and x9 is a Q-path bits. The first four bits in stream 2 are x4, x5, x10 and x11, where x4 and x5 are I-path bits, and x10 and x11 are Q-path bits.
[0116] FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM symbol arrangement in frames of different streams. As shown in FIG. 8, there are (M+1) streams: Stream 0, Stream 1, …and Stream M. Each stream includes one or more frames, and each frame includes K OFDM symbols. For example, Stream 0 includes Frame 0, and Frame 0 includes Symbol 00, Symbol 01, Symbol 02, …and Symbol 0 (K-1) . The OFDM symbol may also be referred to as an OFDM data symbol.
[0117] It will be appreciated that frames in different streams may have different number of OFDM symbols. Since an OFDM symbol includes multiple subcarriers, frames in different streams may have different number of subcarriers. In addition, different OFDM symbols may apply different constellation mapping schemes.
[0118] As described above, an OFDM symbol may include multiple subcarriers, FIG. 9 illustrates subcarrier arrangements in OFDM symbols of multiple streams. As shown in FIG. 9, there are (M+1) streams: Stream 0, Stream 1, …and Stream M. Each stream includes one or more OFDM symbols, and each OFDM symbol includes S subcarriers. For example, Stream 0 includes Symbol 00, and Symbol 00 includes subcarrier 0, subcarrier 1, subcarrier 2…subcarrier (S-1) .
[0119] In practice, the first or first few OFDM data symbols in a Wi-Fi frame received by a receiving apparatus may have poorer decoding performance compared with the other OFDM data symbols. This is because mitigation procedures, such as poor frequency offset compensation based on poor frequency offset estimation, are not yet stable at the point of the first or first few data symbols. Some solutions have been proposed to improve the decoding performance of the first or first few OFDM data symbols during data transmission.
[0120] For example, a solution has been proposed in which a smaller MCS is used for the first or first few OFDM symbols. This may ensure that on average, the first or first few OFDM symbols will have a lower threshold of decoding requirement compared with the other symbols, but at the cost of decreasing data rate. However, for the reduced MCS scheme, at the receiver, more than one type of MCS decoding schemes need to be invoked at the same time. This may increase the receiver complexity. In addition, for the reduced MCS scheme, although the average decoding threshold is improved, the worst-case decoding error probability is still high. The worst-case decoding error occurs for bits corresponding to low reliability QAM points (for example, the {I = +1, Q = +1} constellation point on the 4096QAM constellation) .
[0121] Another solution also has been proposed, in which the first or first few OFDM symbols are transmitted repeatedly to ensure that the first or first few OFDM symbols have better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . However, it is at the cost of decreasing data rate. In addition, repetition must be done on a whole OFDM symbol and cannot be done on a part of an OFDM symbol, which is lack of flexibility.
[0122] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, solutions are proposed to solve at least one of the above problems. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, redundancy is added to the bit sequence before the constellation mapping to increase the performance on decoding the first or first few OFDM symbols, for both average reliability and worst-case reliability.
[0123] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below by way of example. Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which illustrates a device interaction diagram of method 800 in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1000 may be performed by a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting device and the receiving device may be different devices in different communication scenarios. For example, in downlink communication, the transmitting device may be an AP, and the receiving device may be a STA. In uplink communication, the transmitting device may be a STA, and the receiving device may be an AP.
[0124] In step 1001, the transmitting device obtains a first bit sequence by encoding data bits.
[0125] The transmitting device may obtain the first bit sequence by performing FEC encoding on the data bits.
[0126] In step 1002, the transmitting device obtains a second bit sequence by adding k redundant bits to the first bit sequence, where k is a positive integer.
[0127] A redundant bit is to occupy a position in a bit sequence and may not carry information. Adding redundant bits to the first bit sequence may refer to inserting redundant bits into the first bit sequence. The redundant bit may also be referred to as a dummy bit.
[0128] In step 1003, the transmitting device obtains a modulation symbol by performing constellation mapping on the second bit sequence.
[0129] During the constellation mapping, the second bit sequence may be mapped onto constellation map of BPSK, QPSK, or QAM. The QAM may be 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256QAM, 1024 QAM, or 4096 QAM, and the QAM is not limited thereto.
[0130] In step 1004, the transmitting device transmits the modulation symbol to the receiving device. Accordingly, the receiving device receives the modulation symbol.
[0131] In step 1005, the receiving device obtains the first bit sequence based on positions of the k redundant bits by demodulating the modulation symbol, wherein the first bit sequence is an encoded bit sequence. In this step, the receiving device may demodulate the modulation symbol to obtain the second bit sequence, and may further obtain the first bit sequence based on the second bit sequence and positions of the k redundant bits. The position of the redundant bits may be pre-defined. Alternatively, the transmitting device may inform the receiving device of the position of the redundant bits by dynamic signaling.
[0132] For example, after encoding the data bits, the transmitting device obtains the first bit sequence “b0, b1, b2” . In a case where k = 1, the transmitting device obtains a second bit sequence by adding one redundant bit to the first bit sequence “b0, b1, b2” . The redundant bit may be added after “b2” , and the second bit sequence is “b0, b1, b2, dummy” where “dummy” represents the redundant bit. Next, in a case where constellation mapping is 16 QAM, the transmitting device maps the second bit sequence onto the 16 QAM constellation map, and the modulation symbol is obtained thereby. In case of adding the redundant bit, the second bit sequence is “b0, b1, b2, dummy” may be mapped to a point at the edge of the 16 QAM constellation map.
[0133] The transmitting device then transmits the modulation symbol to the receiving device. After the receiving device receives the modulation symbol, it demodulates and decodes the received modulation symbol to obtain the second bit sequence “b0, b1, b2, dummy” . Next, the receiving device further obtain the first bit sequence based on the second bit sequence “b0, b1, b2, dummy” and the position of the “dummy bit” . In this example, the position of the redundant bit is the last bit in the second bit sequence. In this case, the receiving device may know that the last bit “dummy” is the redundant bit and may remove the “dummy” bit from the second bit sequence “b0, b1, b2, dummy” to obtain the first bit sequence “b0, b1, b2” .
[0134] It will be appreciated that “b0, b1, b2, dummy” is just an example of the second bit sequence, the second bit sequence may be other designs such as “b0, b1, dummy, b2” , which is not limited thereto. In other words, position of the dummy bits is not limited in the second bit sequence.
[0135] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, redundant bits are added to the first bit sequence which is an encoded data bit sequence. The redundant bits together with the first bit sequence are mapped to the constellation map to form a modulation symbol. Moreover, the redundant bits together with the first bit sequence may mapped to the point at the edge of constellation map. Since the point at the edge of the constellation map may have a higher log-likelihood ratio (LLR) compared to the point that is not at the edge of the constellation map, the probability for decoding successfully may be improved. In this way, a requirement on a decoding capability of a receiver may be lowered, and further, the receiving device may be capable of decoding symbols with higher modulation scheme.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first bit sequence includes an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence includes an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence includes at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.
[0137] For example, the first bit sequence is “bi0, bi1, bq0, bq1” which includes an I-path first bit sequence “bi0, bi1” and a Q-path first bit sequence “bq0, bq1, bq2” . In a case where k = 1, the second bit sequence may be “bi0, bi1, dummy, bq0, bq1, bq2” which includes an I-path second bit sequence “bi0, bi1, dummy” and a Q-path second bit sequence “bq0, bq1, bq2” .
[0138] In some embodiments, the at least one redundant bit is at at least one of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.
[0139] In a case where bit (s) at an end of the I-path second bit sequence and / or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence have a higher possibility of being decoded incorrectly than bit (s) at other positions of the I-path second bit sequence and / or other positions of the Q-path second bit sequence, in these embodiments, the redundant bit is placed at the position at which the bit is more possible to be decoded incorrectly, and accordingly, the valid bits may be placed at the positions at which the bits are more possible to be decoded correctly. In this way, the receiving device may have a higher possibility to decode the valid bits correctly.
[0140] In an example where modulation is 64QAM, each constellation point is represented by six bits {bi0, bi1, bi2, bq0, bq1, bq2} , where the “i” and “q” notations refer to real and imaginary parts.
[0141] Originally, 6 valid bits are used to encode a constellation point. However, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, only 4 valid bits {bi0, bi1, bq0, bq1} are used, and the other 2 valid bits {bi2, bq2} are used in another constellation point.
[0142] The group of 4 valid bits are extended to 6 bits using redundant bits (for example, using a sequence pattern such as {bi0, bi1, dummyi0, bq0, bq1, dummyq0} ) , and are mapped to the corresponding 64QAM constellation point.
[0143] In some embodiments, the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.
[0144] In this case, the first bit sequence may have (m-k) bits each of which is a valid bit. After the k redundant bits are added to the first bit sequence, the second bit sequence may be obtained. The second bit sequence may include (m-k) valid bits and k redundant bits. Since k is less than m, thereby ensuring that at least one valid bit is included in the second bit sequence.
[0145] In some embodiments, k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence includes n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence includes other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.
[0146] In this case, k is an even number, and the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence each include the same number of redundant bits. As such, decoding performance of the receiving device on decoding both the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence may have the same improvement, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0147] For example, m = 6 and k = 2, the first bit sequence may be “bi0, bi1, bq0, bq1” which includes an I-path first bit sequence “bi0, bi1” and a Q-path first bit sequence “bq0, bq1” . The second bit sequence may be “bi0, bi1, dummy, bq0, bq1, dummy” which includes an I-path second bit sequence “bi0, bi1, dummy” and a Q-path second bit sequence “bq0, bq1, dummy” .
[0148] In some embodiments, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence includes (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence includes other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0149] Alternatively, in the case where k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence includes n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence includes other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0150] In these embodiments, k is an odd number, and the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence each include almost the same number of redundant bits. As such, decoding performance of the receiving device on decoding both the I-path second bit sequence and the Q-path second bit sequence may have a similar improvement, , thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0151] In some embodiments, the second bit sequence includes a first subsequence and a second subsequence. The first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, and the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier. Redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions. The first subsequence and the second subsequence refer to different parts of the second bit sequence.
[0152] In these embodiments, the first subsequence and the second subsequence may include different number of redundant bits. Alternatively, the first subsequence and the second subsequence may include the same number of redundant bits while the positions of redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence may be different. As such, flexibility of arrangement of the redundant bits may be improved, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0153] In some embodiments, the first subsequence includes k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence includes (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence includes n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero. Moreover, the second subsequence includes k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence includes n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence includes (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and a sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.
[0154] For example, given a fixed value of number of the redundant bits, in a case where there are two options for arrangements of the redundant bits, either one or both options can be applied to the second bit sequence. If one option is applied to the second bit sequence, the option may be applied to all subsequences in the second bit sequence. If both options are applied to the second bit sequence, the two options may be used alternately. For example, the first subsequence uses option1, the second subsequence uses option2, the third subsequence uses option1, the fourth subsequence uses option2, and so forth, and each subsequence is modulated onto a corresponding subcarrier. As such, flexibility of arrangement of the redundant bits may be improved, thereby improving the decoding performance.
[0155] In some embodiments, the k redundant bits may be of the same value. In a possible design, the value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0. This may help increasing the probability that the bits in the second bit sequence are mapped to the edge of the constellation map. Alternatively, the value of the redundant bit of the k redundant bits may be 1. It will be appreciated that different redundant bits may be of different values.
[0156] In some embodiments, a value of k is predefined. In this case, overhead of signaling for indicating the value of k may be reduced.
[0157] Alternatively, the value of k may be indicated by dynamic signaling. In this case, the value of k may be varied, thereby improving the flexibility.
[0158] In a possible design, the value of k may be indicated by a frame (i.e., the current frame) carrying the modulation symbol. For example, the value of k is indicated by a signal (SIG) symbol in the current frame, and the SIG symbol is located before a data symbol carrying the modulation symbol.
[0159] In another possible design, the value of k may be indicated by a frame (i.e., a previous frame) that is transmitted before another frame (i.e., the current frame) carrying the modulation symbol. For example, the value of k is indicated by the data portion in the previous frame.
[0160] Given V as the number of original valid bits per constellation point (e.g., in case of 64QAM, V=6. ) . Number of redundant bits to be inserted for a constellation point is D. Therefore, the new number of valid bits is calculated as (V-D) .
[0161] The larger the value of D, the larger the reliability will increase for the subcarrier including redundant bits. The value of D may be adjusted according to the required decoding performance.
[0162] Given SD as number of subcarriers which require insertion of redundant bits. For each stream, the subcarriers and symbols to which redundant bits are inserted in some subcarriers in one OFDM symbol such as earliest available subcarriers and symbols.
[0163] For example, if S=56, K=3, and SD=5, then only the first 5 subcarriers carry redundant bits.
[0164] For example, if S=56, K=3, and SD=60, then all the subcarriers in symbol 0, and the first 4 subcarriers in symbol 1 carry redundant bits.
[0165] In the above examples, redundant bits may not be inserted in all the subcarriers in one OFDM symbol, thereby improving the flexibility.
[0166] For each subcarrier having redundant bits, the redundant bits may be arranged into the group of bits by appending the redundant bits to the valid bits. The following tables each show the arrangement of redundant bits for a different QAM constellation.
[0167] The arrangement of redundant bits for 16 QAM is shown in Table 1.
[0168] Table 1
[0169] “NA” refers to not available.
[0170] The arrangement of redundant bits for 64 QAM is shown in Table 2.
[0171] Table 2
[0172] The arrangement of redundant bits for 256 QAM is shown in Table 3.
[0173] Table 3
[0174] The arrangement of redundant bits for 1024 QAM is shown in Table 4.
[0175] Table 4
[0176] The arrangement of redundant bits for 4096 QAM is shown in Table 5.
[0177] Table 5
[0178] In some embodiments, the second bit sequence may be input to a stream parser. FIG. 11 illustrates main transmitter blocks in accordance with some embodiments.
[0179] The main transmitter blocks in FIG. 11 are similar to those in FIG. 3, and the key difference is that redundant bits are inserted to the encoded bit sequence before stream parsing.
[0180] The stream parser for data with redundant bits is similar to the existing 802.11 stream parser while the key difference is the input bits of the stream parser. In this case, the stream parser may consider the inclusion of redundant bits, which may affect only a subset of subcarriers.
[0181] The general rule for the stream parser is that in each stream, one real part is constructed from consecutive input bits, and one imaginary part is constructed from consecutive input bits. Moreover, in case of multiple streams, across the multiple streams, the real parts of the streams are constructed from consecutive input bits, and the imaginary parts of the streams are constructed from consecutive input bits.
[0182] In the proposed solution where redundant bits are added to the first bit sequence to form the second bit sequence, the second bit sequence may be input to the stream parser instead of the first bit sequence being input to the stream parser directly.
[0183] For example, given input valid bit sequence {x0, x1, x2, x3, …} , output of the stream parser may be varied according to different modulation scheme for each stream. FIGS. 12 and 13 each illustrate an example of output of the stream parser, FIG. 12 illustrates an example in case of equal modulation scheme for each stream in total three streams (i.e., M =2) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0184] In this example, for the first OFDM symbol in time (i.e., OFDM symbol 0) , the number of redundant bits inserted for a constellation point is D = 2. Input of the stream parser is bit sequence x0, x1, dummy0, x2, x3, dummy1, x4, x5, dummy2, x6, x7, dummy3, x8, x9, dummy4, x10, x11, dummy5, x12, x13, x14 ...., and output of the stream parser includes three streams: stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2. Modulation scheme for each stream is 64QAM. The first six bits in stream 0 are x0, x1, dummy0, x6, x7 and dummy3, where x0, x1 and dummy0 are I-path bits, and x6, x7 and dummy3 are Q-path bits. The first six bits in stream 1 are x2, x3, dummy1, x8, x9 and dummy4, where x2, x3 and dummy1 are I-path bits, and x8, x9 and dummy4 are Q-path bits. The first six bits in stream 2 are x4, x5, dummy2, x10, x11 and dummy5, where x4, x5 and dummy2 are I-path bits, and x10, x11 and dummy5 are Q-path bits.
[0185] The second six bits in stream 0 are x12, x13, x14, x21, x22 and x23, where x12, x13 and x14 are I-path bits, and x21, x22 and x23 are Q-path bits. The second six bits in stream 1 are x15, x16, x17, x24, x25 and x26, where x15, x16 and x17 are I-path bits, and x24, x25 and x26 are Q-path bits. The second six bits in stream 2 are x18, x19, x20, x27, x28 and x29, where x18, x19 and x20 are I-path bits, and x27, x28 and x29 are Q-path bits.
[0186] Subcarriers used for transmitting the first six bits of stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2 are affected by redundant bits. Subcarriers used for transmitting the second six bits and subsequent bits of stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2 are not affected by redundant bits.
[0187] FIG. 13 illustrates an example in case of unequal modulation scheme for at least two streams in total three streams (i.e., M = 2) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0188] In this example, input of the stream parser is bit sequence x0, x1, dummy0, x2, dummy1, x3, x4, dummy2, x5, x6, dummy3, x7, dummy4, x8, x9, dummy5, x10, x11, x12 ..., and output of the stream parser includes three streams: stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2. Modulation schemes for stream 0, stream 1, and stream 2 are 64QAM, 16QAM, and 64QAM, respectively. The first six bits in stream 0 are x0, x1, dummy0, x5, x6 and dummy3, where x0, x1 and dummy0 are I-path bits, and x5, x6 and dummy3 are Q-path bits. The first four bits in stream 1 are x2, dummy1, x7 and dummy4, where x2 and dummy1 are I-path bits, and x7 and dummy4 are Q-path bits. The first six bits in stream 2 are x3, x4, dummy2, x8, x9 and dummy5, where x3, x4 and dummy2 are I-path bits, and x8, x9 and dummy5 are Q-path bits.
[0189] The second six bits in stream 0 are x10, x11, x12, x18, x19 and x20, where x10, x11 and x12 are I-path bits, and x18, x19 and x20 are Q-path bits. The second four bits in stream 1 are x13, x14, x21, and x22, where x13 and x14 are I-path bits, and x21 and x22 are Q-path bits. The second six bits in stream 2 are x15, x16, x17, x23, x24 and x25, where x15, x16 and x17 are I-path bits, and x23, x24 and x25 are Q-path bits.
[0190] Subcarriers used for transmitting the first six bits of stream 0, the first four bits of stream 1, and the first six bits of stream 2 are affected by redundant bits. Subcarriers used for transmitting the second six bits and subsequent bits of stream 0, the second four bits and subsequent bits of stream 1, and the second six bits and subsequent bits of stream 2 are not affected by redundant bits.
[0191] In the example shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the decoding reliability for subcarrier affected by redundant bits may be improved. As such, the packet error rate for the OFDM symbol including the subcarrier affected by redundant bits may be improved as well.
[0192] FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus 1400 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0193] The communication apparatus 1400 may be applied to a the transmitting device, and may include:
[0194] a processing module 1401, configured to obtaining a first bit sequence by encoding data bits; obtain a second bit sequence by adding k redundant bits to the first bit sequence, where k is a positive integer; and obtain a modulation symbol by performing constellation mapping on the second bit sequence; and
[0195] a transceiving module 1402, configured to transmit the modulation symbol.
[0196] In a possible implementation, the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.
[0197] In a possible implementation, the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.
[0198] In a possible implementation, the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.
[0199] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.
[0200] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0201] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0202] In a possible implementation, the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.
[0203] In a possible implementation, the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; and the second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.
[0204] In a possible implementation, a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.
[0205] In a possible implementation, k is predefined.
[0206] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the transmitting device in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0207] The communication apparatus 1400 may be applied to a the receiving device, and may include:
[0208] a transceiving module 1402, configured to receiving a modulation symbol, wherein the modulation symbol is obtained by performing constellation mapping on a second bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises k redundant bits, and k is a positive integer; and
[0209] a processing module 1401, configured to obtaining a first bit sequence based on positions of the k redundant bits by demodulating the modulation symbol, wherein the first bit sequence is an encoded bit sequence.
[0210] In a possible implementation, the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.
[0211] In a possible implementation, the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.
[0212] In a possible implementation, the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.
[0213] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.
[0214] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0215] In a possible implementation, k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.
[0216] In a possible implementation, the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.
[0217] In a possible implementation, the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; and the second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.
[0218] In a possible implementation, a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.
[0219] In a possible implementation, k is predefined.
[0220] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the receiving device in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0221] FIG. 15 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the communication apparatus 1500 may include: a processor 1501 coupled with a memory 1502 in a communicative way via an interface 1503; where the memory 1502 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 1501 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 1502 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the transmitting device or the receiving device. It should be noted that, the memory 1502 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus 1500, depending on actual needs.
[0222] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0223] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0224] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0225] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0226] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0227] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0228] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0229] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0230] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0231] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0232] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0233] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0234] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0235] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0236] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0237] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0238] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0239] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0240] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0241] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0242] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0243] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0244] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0245] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0246] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0247] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:obtaining a first bit sequence by encoding data bits;obtaining a second bit sequence by adding k redundant bits to the first bit sequence, wherein k is a positive integer;obtaining a modulation symbol by performing constellation mapping on the second bit sequence; andstransmitting the modulation symbol.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; andthe second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein k is predefined.12.A communication method, comprising:receiving a modulation symbol, wherein the modulation symbol is obtained by performing constellation mapping on a second bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises k redundant bits, and k is a positive integer; andobtaining a first bit sequence based on positions of the k redundant bits by demodulating the modulation symbol, wherein the first bit sequence is an encoded bit sequence.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the first bit sequence comprises an I-path first bit sequence and a Q-path first bit sequence, the second bit sequence comprises an I-path second bit sequence and a Q-path second bit sequence, and at least one of the I-path second bit sequence or the Q-path second bit sequence comprises at least one redundant bit of the k redundant bits.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one redundant bit is at one or more of an end of the I-path second bit sequence or an end of the Q-path second bit sequence.15.The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the constellation mapping is a 2 to a power of m QAM, k is greater than or equal to 1 and is less than m, and m is a positive integer.16.The method of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein k = 2×n, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is a positive integer.17.The method of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.18.The method of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein k = 2×n+1, the I-path second bit sequence comprises n redundant bits among the k redundant bits, the Q-path second bit sequence comprises other (n+1) redundant bits among the k redundant bits, and n is an integer not less than zero.19.The method of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the second bit sequence comprises a first subsequence and a second subsequence, the first subsequence is modulated onto a first subcarrier, the second subsequence is modulated onto a second subcarrier, and redundant bits in the first subsequence and the second subsequence are of different positions.20.The method of claim 8, wherein the first subsequence comprises k1 redundant bits, where k1 = 2×n1+1, an I-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises (n1+1) redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the first subsequence comprises n1 redundant bits of the k1 redundant bits, and n1 is an integer not less than zero; andthe second subsequence comprises k2 redundant bits, where k2 = 2×n2+1, an I-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises n2 redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, a Q-path subsequence in the second subsequence comprises (n2+1) redundant bits of the k2 redundant bits, n2 is an integer not less than zero, and sum of k1 and k2 is not greater than k.21.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a value of a redundant bit of the k redundant bits is 0.22.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein k is predefined.23.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.24.An electronic device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.25.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.26.An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processors, configure the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.27.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 12 to 22.28.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.29.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 when executed on a computer or a processor.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Data packet processing method and device in OFDMA system
CN105812107A
Signal coding method and device, signal decoding method and device, electronic equipment, chip and storage medium
CN114793144A
Probability constellation shaping method and system and optical communication method and system
CN115567162A
Communication system based on forward error correction coded modulation
CN116232547A
Communication system of high-order modulation joint information source channel and information sending and receiving method
CN117081701A