Energy router and power supply branch switching method therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage, and particularly relates to an energy router and a power supply branch switching method therefor. The energy router comprises: a green energy input port, which is configured to connect to a green energy power supply system, so as to form a green energy branch; a mains supply input port, which is configured to connect to a power grid power supply system, so as to form a power grid branch; load output ports, which are configured to connect to load circuits of customers, so as to form a load branch, the load branch being powered by means of the green energy branch and / or the power grid branch; and a microcontroller unit (MCU), which is used for performing switching between different power supply branches. The power supply branch switching method can realize uninterrupted switching between a green energy branch and a power grid branch. The present invention can better meet switching requirements in two states of switching from a power grid branch to a green energy branch and switching from the green energy branch to the power grid branch.

Description

An energy router and its power supply branch switching method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy router and its power supply branch switching method. Background Technology

[0002] As global carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise, the promotion and use of new energy sources are becoming increasingly widespread. Currently, solutions for residential energy storage include traditional residential energy storage systems and plug-and-play small-scale photovoltaic-storage systems. Residential energy storage systems are mainly used in single-family homes with roofs, and their components typically include photovoltaic modules, inverters, and energy storage batteries. Small-scale photovoltaic-storage systems are mainly used on balconies, utilizing the balcony space to install photovoltaic panels.

[0003] Current large-scale photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems typically include inverters, photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries, and a system cloud platform. Photovoltaic panels are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy, also known as solar panels. Inverters generally consist of an inverter bridge, control logic, and filter circuits, and are used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Energy storage batteries can store and release DC energy. The system cloud platform can receive various data and issue relevant commands. In a PV-energy storage system, the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic panels can be supplied to the grid bus or main power supply circuit via the inverter, or stored in the energy storage batteries. Conversely, the electrical energy in the energy storage batteries can also be supplied to the grid bus or main power supply circuit via the inverter. The photovoltaic panels are directly connected to the inverter, and the power flow is unidirectional, converting solar energy into DC power. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) from the photovoltaic panels into the required electrical parameters via DC / DC and / or DC / AC circuits. It also manages the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery using the DC / DC circuit. Furthermore, the inverter's operational data can be uploaded to the system cloud platform, and the inverter can execute commands issued by the cloud platform. The energy storage battery can store electrical energy when the converted energy is sufficient and release it to supply power when the converted energy is insufficient. The system cloud platform primarily collects the entire system's operational data through the inverter, converting this data into graphical or understandable numerical representations, and can also issue commands to the inverter.

[0004] Traditional solutions all have limitations to varying degrees. For example, residential energy storage systems are highly dependent on rooftop resources and cannot be installed and distributed to each household in scenarios such as apartments. Small photovoltaic energy storage systems are limited by balcony area and can mostly be configured to less than 2KW, which cannot meet the actual household electricity demand and leads to waste due to idle power when there is no demand for electricity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an energy router and its power supply branch switching method, which addresses the problem that current photovoltaic energy storage systems cannot perform fine-grained management of electrical energy by providing two switchable power supply branches to achieve fine-grained management of photovoltaic power in multi-user scenarios.

[0006] An energy router according to the present invention comprises:

[0007] The green energy input port is used to connect to the green energy power supply system to form a green energy branch, and is connected to the load output port through the first relay group;

[0008] The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid system to form a power grid branch, and is connected to the load output port through the second relay group;

[0009] A load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch, which is powered by a green energy branch and / or a grid branch; wherein the green energy branch and the grid branch are two different power supply branches; and

[0010] The microcontroller (MCU) is used to control the on / off state of the first and second relay groups.

[0011] Preferably, when switching between different power supply branches, the microcontroller (MCU) generates corresponding action instructions based on the received switching instructions to realize the on / off control of the first and second relay groups.

[0012] The action instructions include,

[0013] The microcontroller (MCU) generates a first instruction when it detects that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first instruction is used to control the first or second relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to switch to the on / off state; and

[0014] The microcontroller (MCU) generates a second instruction when it detects that the corresponding power supply branch to be switched to has entered the power supply state. The second instruction is used to control the second relay group or the first relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to be cut off to switch to the open circuit state.

[0015] Preferably, the first relay group has a plurality of first relays corresponding to each phase input, and the second relay group has a plurality of second relays corresponding to each phase input; the microcontroller (MCU) is used to enable the plurality of first relays and the plurality of second relays to perform on / off actions at the zero-crossing point based on zero-crossing detection.

[0016] Preferably, both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits. The corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits are used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port. Based on the phase voltage data collected by the phase voltage sampling circuits, the microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase.

[0017] Preferably, the plurality of first relays and the plurality of second relays are all controlled to be on or off based on independent relay control circuits.

[0018] Preferably, both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. The zero-crossing detection circuits are used to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port.

[0019] Preferably, the zero-crossing detection circuit includes,

[0020] A phase voltage sampling circuit based on the first operational amplifier U1A samples and outputs data based on a first reference voltage value, the voltage of a single-phase live wire, and the voltage of the neutral wire. The sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit is the sum of a set multiple of the difference between the voltage of the single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire and the first reference voltage value; and

[0021] The zero-crossing detection circuit is built based on the second operational amplifier U2A. The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to compare the sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit with the second reference voltage value and output a zero-crossing signal.

[0022] Preferably, a corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is also provided at the load output port. The corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is used to realize the acquisition of the phase voltage of each phase input at the load output port.

[0023] The microcontroller (MCU) is used to issue self-test commands to obtain the closing and closing action times of each first relay and each second relay. The MCU is also used to issue action commands based on the voltage cycle of the corresponding phase input, the corresponding closing action time, and the corresponding closing action time delay.

[0024] Preferably, the first relay group uses normally open contacts to connect between the green energy input port and the load output port, and the relay drive circuit of the first relay group is powered by the green energy power supply system.

[0025] Preferably, the second relay group uses normally closed contacts connected between the mains input port and the load output port.

[0026] Preferably, the microcontroller (MCU) generates a third instruction when it detects an abnormality at the load output port. The third instruction can be used to keep both the first and second relay groups in an open circuit state.

[0027] According to the present invention, a green energy sharing system includes any of the above-mentioned energy routers.

[0028] The power supply branch switching method for any of the above-described energy routers according to the present invention includes:

[0029] Based on the self-test command issued by the microcontroller MCU, the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays are controlled to perform self-test actions;

[0030] Based on the self-test actions of each first relay and each second relay, the action time of each first relay and each second relay is obtained, including the closing action time and the closing action time.

[0031] Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input at the green energy input port are detected;

[0032] When the microcontroller (MCU) detects that the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase and receives a switching command, it issues a corresponding action command based on the voltage cycle of each phase and the corresponding action time of the first or second relay.

[0033] Preferably, each first relay and each second relay are controlled by a microcontroller (MCU) to perform self-test actions multiple times, and the average time for performing the corresponding actions is used as the action time of the corresponding actions.

[0034] Preferably, both the green energy input port and the mains power input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. When the microcontroller (MCU) generates an action command, it executes the command based on the following steps.

[0035] After receiving the switching command, the microcontroller (MCU) uses a zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase of the green energy input port and the mains power input port.

[0036] After detecting the zero-crossing point of the corresponding phase, the microcontroller (MCU) obtains the voltage cycle of the input phase.

[0037] The microcontroller (MCU) determines the sending time of the action command based on the voltage cycle of the phase input and the operating time of the corresponding first or second relay, and sends the action command when the sending time arrives.

[0038] Preferably, the phase voltage sampling circuit based on the green energy input port and the mains input port detects the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input to the green energy input port, including:

[0039] Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, N sampled voltages V of each phase output at the green energy input port and the mains input port between two adjacent zero-crossing points of the full cycle are obtained. i ;

[0040] The microcontroller (MCU) is based on the acquired N sampled voltages V i Obtain the root mean square voltage V of each phase rms The root mean square voltage V of each phase at the same input port rms Compare the voltages and the root mean square voltage V of either phase at the same input port. rms The root mean square voltage V of the remaining phases rms When the difference exceeds the first set threshold, it is determined that the input port has a phase loss;

[0041] When there is no phase loss at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the d-axis component and rotation phase angle of the green energy input port and the mains input port are obtained based on the software phase-locked loop;

[0042] The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent based on the sign of the d-axis component of the green energy input port and the mains input port. Specifically, if the d-axis components of the green energy input port and the mains input port have the same sign, the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent, and otherwise they are inconsistent.

[0043] The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the difference in the rotation phase angle between the green energy input port and the mains input port exceeds a second set threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, the phases of the green energy input port and the mains input port are consistent; otherwise, they are inconsistent.

[0044] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) It can realize the coupling power supply of the green energy power supply system and the grid power supply system to the user's load circuit. By controlling the first and second relay groups through the first and second instructions issued by the microcontroller MCU, the "0" interruption switching working state of the energy router can be realized. That is, it can realize that the power supply at the load output port will not be interrupted during the process of switching from the grid power supply system to the green energy power supply system, thereby realizing the uninterrupted intelligent switching of the energy input port (i.e., the green energy input port and the mains power input port);

[0046] (2) It can ensure that when switching power supply branches, the power supply branch to which it needs to be switched will not have a phase loss fault and that the phase sequence and phase of the power supply branch to which it needs to be disconnected are consistent.

[0047] (3) It can reduce the impact of arcing during relay switching, which helps to extend the service life of the relay;

[0048] (4) When there is no power output in the green energy power supply system, the first relay group can naturally remain in the open circuit state, thereby realizing the "0" loss working state of the energy router disclosed herein, and ensuring efficient power supply when the power grid power supply system supplies power alone.

[0049] (5) When abnormal conditions such as overload, overcurrent and short circuit are detected in the user's load circuit, it can switch to bypass operation mode and protect the safety of the electrical equipment by actively disconnecting the power input port (i.e. the green energy input port and the mains power input port) from the load output port. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution system that uses photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems in an apartment setting;

[0051] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the green energy sharing system in Example 1;

[0052] Figure 3 is a block diagram of the energy router in Example 1;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of another green energy sharing system in Example 1;

[0054] Figure 5 is a block diagram of another green energy sharing system in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 6 is a topology diagram of the three-phase energy router in Example 2;

[0056] Figure 7 is a control schematic diagram of the three-phase energy router in Example 2;

[0057] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the control flow of the three-phase energy router in Example 2;

[0058] Figure 9 is a topology diagram of the single-phase energy router in Example 2;

[0059] Figure 10 is a control schematic diagram of the single-phase energy router in Example 2;

[0060] Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of the zero-crossing detection circuit in Example 3;

[0061] Figure 12 is a timing diagram of the output signal of the zero-crossing detection circuit in Example 3;

[0062] Figure 13 is a timing diagram of the output signal of the zero-crossing detection circuit after removing the hysteresis element in Example 3;

[0063] Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of the relay control circuit in Example 4;

[0064] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating a phase loss and phase sequence monitoring method in Example 5;

[0065] Figure 16 is a block diagram of the software phase-locked loop in Example 5;

[0066] Figure 17 shows the timing diagrams of the three-phase voltage, stationary coordinate system voltage, rotating phase angle, and synchronous rotating coordinate system voltage of the three-phase AC power under the positive sequence connection.

[0067] Figure 18 shows the timing diagrams of the three-phase voltage, stationary coordinate system voltage, rotating phase angle, and synchronous rotating coordinate system voltage of the three-phase AC power under the negative sequence connection.

[0068] Figure 19 shows the timing diagrams of the three-phase voltage, stationary coordinate system voltage, rotating phase angle, and synchronous rotating coordinate system voltage of a three-phase AC power supply under another positive sequence connection method.

[0069] Figure 20 shows the timing diagrams of the three-phase voltage, stationary coordinate system voltage, rotating phase angle, and synchronous rotating coordinate system voltage of a three-phase AC power supply under another positive sequence connection.

[0070] Figure 21 is a structural schematic diagram of a shared green electricity system module in Embodiment 6;

[0071] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the wall-mounted component structure in Figure 21;

[0072] Figure 23 is another perspective view of Figure 22;

[0073] Figure 24 is a structural schematic diagram of component two in Figure 22;

[0074] Figure 25 is a structural schematic diagram of component one in Figure 22;

[0075] Figure 26 is a structural schematic diagram of the chassis assembly in Embodiment 6;

[0076] Figure 27 is a front view of Figure 26. Detailed Implementation

[0077] To further understand the content of this invention, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0078] As shown in Figure 1, in multi-user power distribution systems like apartment buildings, photovoltaic (PV) power generation and energy storage systems can be used. One PV-storage system can be added to the grid bus, while smaller PV-storage systems, such as balcony PV systems, can be configured for individual users. This power distribution system maximizes the use of rooftop and balcony resources to achieve clean energy utilization. The configured system can include:

[0079] The main electricity meter is used to connect the apartment's main power supply circuit to the main grid bus.

[0080] User electricity meters are used to connect each user's load circuit to the building's main power supply circuit;

[0081] User power generation equipment, installed at all or some of the users, can be a small photovoltaic and energy storage system such as balcony photovoltaic equipment;

[0082] An independently configured photovoltaic and energy storage system is used to connect to the apartment's main power supply circuit; and

[0083] The energy storage system meter is used to connect the photovoltaic energy storage system to the main power supply circuit of the apartment.

[0084] In the above scheme, the main meter can be connected to the power grid at one end, and the other end serves as the common terminal for user meters and energy storage system meters. The main meter is used to monitor the total power consumption Pload of all users. The energy storage system meter can be connected to the main meter at one end and to the grid output terminal of the inverter at the other end. The energy storage system meter can be used to measure the power taken from and fed back to the grid by the inverter. The user meter is connected to the main meter at one end and to the user's load at the other end. The user meter is mainly used to measure the power consumption at the user end.

[0085] In the above scheme, one end of the user load is connected to the user's electricity meter, and the other end is connected to the user's power generation equipment. It can be understood that when the power generation of the user's power generation equipment is greater than the power consumption of the user's load, the corresponding user can feed power to the power grid bus; when the power generation of the user's power generation equipment is less than the power consumption of the user's load, the corresponding user can draw power from the power grid bus.

[0086] In the above scheme, the photovoltaic-storage system can perform the following energy dispatch based on the total power consumption Pload collected at the main electricity meter, the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic-storage system Pinv, and the battery rechargeable power Pcharger:

[0087] When Pinv > Pload and Pinv - Pload < Pcharger, only the photovoltaic energy storage system supplies power to the main power supply circuit of the apartment, and all excess energy will be stored in the energy storage battery; that is, the portion of the power generation Pinv that is equal to the total power consumption Pload will be fed to the main power supply circuit, and the remaining portion of the power generation Pinv will be stored in the energy storage battery.

[0088] When Pinv > Pload and Pinv - Pload > Pcharger, after the photovoltaic energy storage system supplies power to the main power supply circuit of the apartment, the excess energy will be partly stored in the energy storage battery and partly fed into the grid bus; that is, the portion of the power generation Pinv that is equal to the total power consumption Pload will be fed into the main power supply circuit, the portion of the power generation Pinv that is equal to the battery chargeable power Pcharger will be stored in the energy storage battery, and the remaining portion of the power generation Pinv will be fed into the grid bus.

[0089] When Pinv < Pload, all energy will be fed into the main power supply circuit for power supply to users.

[0090] While the above-mentioned solution enables energy sharing of green energy generated by independently configured photovoltaic and energy storage systems in scenarios such as apartments, the difference between apartments and single-user power distribution scenarios lies in the fact that energy transactions generated by a single user belong to a single entity. Whether drawing power from or feeding power back to the grid, and considering the most efficient and maximized utilization of green energy, there is only one beneficiary. In this solution, the green energy produced and managed by the photovoltaic and energy storage system ultimately converges to the apartment's main power supply circuit, with all users' loads drawing power from their own independent power supply circuits. This means it cannot distinguish the source of electricity obtained from any user's independent power supply circuit, making it difficult to discern how much green energy each user has produced and used in a multi-user scenario. Consequently, this solution cannot effectively achieve refined management of green energy usage in multi-user scenarios.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment discloses a green energy sharing system based on a photovoltaic energy storage system, which provides a new solution for the application of new energy in different environments. This smart energy system is typically applied in apartment scenarios but is not limited to such environments.

[0093] The green energy sharing system based on photovoltaic and energy storage system disclosed in this embodiment has the following features:

[0094] Photovoltaic storage system;

[0095] User power generation systems are configured at all or some of the users and used to connect to the user load circuits.

[0096] An energy router is configured at each user's location; as shown in Figure 3, the energy router has a mains input port, a green energy input port, and a load output port. The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid bus to form a grid branch, the green energy input port is used to connect to the photovoltaic and energy storage system to form a green energy branch, and the load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch. The energy router also includes a microcontroller (MCU), which is used to control the connection and disconnection between the load output port and the mains input port and the green energy input port.

[0097] The system cloud platform is used to generate scheduling instructions based on the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system, the power generation of the user's power generation system, and the power consumption of the user's load circuit. The scheduling instructions are used to control multiple users to access the photovoltaic-storage system only through green energy branches through the energy router. The total power consumption of the load circuits of the multiple users is balanced with the sum of the power generation of the user's power generation system and the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system.

[0098] Based on the above, the resulting green energy sharing system is compatible with both large-scale photovoltaic and energy storage systems (such as solar-energy storage systems) and small-scale power generation systems (such as balcony photovoltaic systems). Through the system's cloud platform, which schedules power generation based on the photovoltaic and energy storage system's output, the user's power generation system's output, and the user's load circuit's power consumption, it effectively solves the challenges encountered when applying photovoltaic green energy in apartment settings. It is compatible with both small and large photovoltaic systems, enabling energy monitoring and management in scenarios such as apartments. Furthermore, it allows for the construction of an energy microgrid by connecting multiple users through green energy branches, based on the photovoltaic and energy storage system's output, the user's power generation system's output, and the user's load circuit's power consumption, thus achieving green energy sharing.

[0099] In this embodiment, an energy routing meter can be installed between the green energy input port and the photovoltaic-storage system. This meter measures the electricity consumption at the green energy branch and uploads the data to the system cloud platform. This allows for the measurement of both the electricity used by a single user from the photovoltaic-storage system and the electricity fed into it, thereby achieving refined management of green energy usage in multi-user scenarios.

[0100] In this embodiment, a user meter can also be installed between the mains input port and the power grid bus. This allows the electricity used by an individual user from the power grid bus, as well as the electricity fed into the power grid bus, to be measured, facilitating refined energy management.

[0101] In addition, the photovoltaic-storage system can also be connected to the grid bus through the energy storage system meter or a user's meter, so that the surplus energy at the photovoltaic-storage system can be fed into the grid bus, thereby realizing the utilization rate of green energy.

[0102] In this embodiment, a metering circuit can be provided between the load output port and the user load circuit. The metering circuit is used to collect the user load power P. use And send it to the system cloud platform; whereby the system cloud platform uses the user load power P use This serves as the power consumption data for user load circuits. This allows for better data acquisition of power consumption data for user load circuits, providing the necessary conditions for subsequent energy dispatch.

[0103] The metering circuit can include components such as a current Hall sensor and a voltage sampling circuit (such as the phase voltage sampling circuit described in Example 2), so that real-time current and voltage information can be obtained through a microcontroller MCU to acquire power data.

[0104] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic-storage system includes photovoltaic panels, an inverter, and energy storage batteries. The photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into green energy in the form of electricity. The inverter can output green energy conforming to current grid parameters based on a DC / AC circuit, manage the charging and discharging of the energy storage batteries based on a DC / DC circuit, upload relevant operating parameters to the system cloud platform, and execute related actions based on instructions issued by the system cloud platform. These are methods well-known to those skilled in the art, and this embodiment only provides a brief description. The inverter can collect the total power output P of the inverter. inv and the rechargeable power P of the energy storage battery charger And the battery's discharge power P discharger And send it to the system cloud platform; whereby the system cloud platform uses the total power generation P of the inverter as the data source. inv This serves as the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system. This allows for better data collection, providing the necessary conditions for subsequent energy dispatch.

[0105] In this embodiment, the energy router is configured to collect the user power generation P of the user's power generation system. green And send it to the system cloud platform; whereby the system cloud platform uses the user's power generation P green This serves as the power generation data for the user's power generation system. This allows for better data collection and provides the necessary conditions for subsequent energy dispatch.

[0106] The user power generation system can be a small photovoltaic device such as a balcony photovoltaic system. The power generation data of the user power generation system can be connected to the energy router, which then forwards it to the inverter in the photovoltaic-storage system, and finally uploads it to the system cloud platform based on relevant communication protocols. It is understood that the user power generation system does not require every user to be equipped with it, nor is there a limit to the number of devices that each user can have.

[0107] The aforementioned green energy sharing system is relatively easy to install and upgrade because the grid branch of the energy router is only connected in series between each user's electricity meter and load. The presence of the green energy branch allows for the statistical analysis of each user's green energy usage data at the photovoltaic-storage system via the energy router meter, enabling refined management of green energy consumption. Furthermore, since an energy router is added for each user, it can intelligently and effectively switch between the grid branch and the green energy branch based on the user's load usage. When a user switches to the green energy channel, an energy microgrid is formed among the users, allowing them to share the benefits of green energy.

[0108] As shown in Figure 2, the green energy sharing system disclosed herein comprises an energy storage system meter, multiple energy routers, multiple user meters, multiple energy routing meters, multiple user power generation systems, a photovoltaic-storage system, and a system cloud platform. The energy storage system meter connects to the grid bus at one end and serves as the common terminal for the energy routing meters at the other. The energy router primarily provides two channels to connect to user loads, allowing for power flow direction changes under certain conditions through channel switching. Each user meter is connected in the same way: one end connects to the grid bus, and the other end connects to the mains input port of the corresponding energy router. Each energy routing meter is also connected in the same way: one end connects to the common terminal of the energy storage system meter, and the other end connects to the energy storage system meter of the corresponding energy router. The system cloud platform is merely a remote data statistics and command issuance system, primarily used for scheduling the photovoltaic-storage system; this is a method well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment.

[0109] Compared to the solution shown in Figure 1, the solution disclosed in Figure 2 of this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0110] (1) It is no longer necessary to connect the main power supply circuit to the main power grid bus, which reduces the complexity of the lines and simplifies the construction and especially the difficulty of the renovation.

[0111] (2) The energy storage system meter only needs to be connected to the grid bus and no longer needs to be connected to the main power supply circuit. That is, the scheme in Figure 2 does not require a bus (i.e., the main power supply circuit) corresponding to all users. This means that the line modification may not be possible in different multi-user scenarios due to the influence of the location and current of the energy storage system meter during the installation and implementation process.

[0112] In the green energy sharing system disclosed in Figure 2 of this embodiment, the energy storage system meters, user meters, and energy routing meters can all interact with the photovoltaic-storage system's inverters via methods such as RS485 or CAN communication. The energy router's microcontroller (MCU) can be equipped with a communication interface, allowing it to establish communication with the photovoltaic-storage system's inverters via RS485 or CAN communication. That is, by monitoring power parameters such as user electricity consumption, safety status data, and environmental data, the scheduling and management of the green energy sharing system can be better realized. The system cloud platform can receive relevant data and perform actions such as energy scheduling, trend prediction, limit exceedance warnings, and fault alarms.

[0113] Based on the aforementioned green energy sharing system, this embodiment also provides a green energy sharing management method based on a photovoltaic-storage system, which includes:

[0114] Configure a photovoltaic energy storage system;

[0115] Configure user power generation systems at all or some of the user locations; the user power generation systems are used to connect to the user load circuits.

[0116] An energy router is configured at each user location. The energy router provides mains power input ports, green energy input ports, and load output ports. The mains power input ports are used to connect to the grid bus to form a grid branch, the green energy input ports are used to connect to the photovoltaic and energy storage system to form a green energy branch, and the load output ports are used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch. The energy router is also equipped with a microcontroller (MCU) to control the connection and disconnection between the load output ports and the mains power input ports and the green energy input ports.

[0117] The system cloud platform generates scheduling instructions based on the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system, the power generation of the user's power generation system, and the power consumption of the user's load circuit. The scheduling instructions are used to control multiple users to access the photovoltaic-storage system only through green energy branches through the energy router. The total power consumption of the load circuits of the multiple users is balanced with the total power generation of the user's power generation system and the total power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system.

[0118] Based on the above, it is possible to achieve more refined management of green energy in multi-user scenarios such as apartments.

[0119] In this embodiment, the system cloud platform can collect the total power generation P of the inverter in real time. inv The rechargeable power P of the energy storage battery charger And the battery's discharge power P discharger User load power P use and user power generation P greenAmong them, the total power generation P of the inverter inv As the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system, it is expressed as the user's power generation P. green As the power generation of the user's power generation system, it is expressed as the user's load power P. use Power consumption as a user load circuit;

[0120] As shown in Figure 4, the dispatching instructions generated by the system cloud platform based on the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system, the power generation of the user's power generation system, and the power consumption of the user's load circuits include:

[0121] Obtain the user load power P for each user use and the corresponding user power generation P green The user load power P use Greater than the user's power generation P green The corresponding user is assigned to a positive value user, and the user load power P is set accordingly. use Less than the user's power generation P green The corresponding users are classified as negative value users; among them, the user load power P use With user power generation P green The difference is used as the user's surplus / deficit power P. ± That is, P ± =P use -P green ;

[0122] In the total power generation P inv Not less than the battery's chargeable power P charger At that time, a first scheduling instruction is generated; the first scheduling instruction is used to select multiple positive value users and connect them only to the optical storage system, wherein the user surplus / deficit power P of the multiple positive value users is... ± The sum does not exceed the total power generation P inv With the battery's discharge power P discharger The sum of these factors enables the photovoltaic energy storage system to better supply power to the user side.

[0123] In the total power generation P inv Less than the battery's chargeable power P charger At that time, a second scheduling instruction is generated; the second scheduling instruction is used to select multiple negative value users and connect them only to the optical storage system, wherein the user surplus / deficit power P of the multiple negative value users is... ± The absolute value of the sum does not exceed the battery's chargeable power P. charger With total power generation P inv The difference; thus enabling better power supply from the user's power generation system to the photovoltaic-storage system;

[0124] Based on the total power of positive users not connected to the photovoltaic and energy storage system and the total power of negative users not connected to the photovoltaic and energy storage system, a third scheduling instruction is generated. The third scheduling instruction is used to connect all users of the type with smaller total power to the photovoltaic and energy storage system, and to control users of the type with larger total power to partially connect to the photovoltaic and energy storage system. The total power of different types of users connected to the photovoltaic and energy storage system is kept basically consistent. This enables better sharing of green energy among users and the construction of an energy microgrid.

[0125] A fourth dispatch instruction is generated, which is used to connect users only to the power grid bus; thus, the absorption and supply capacity of the photovoltaic and energy storage system can be taken into account, ensuring the stability and safety of users' power supply.

[0126] Through the above, it is possible to manage the electricity consumption of all users in a coordinated manner. The core is to ensure that the photovoltaic and energy storage system does not draw power from the grid or feed power back to the grid. Specifically, it can provide or absorb the power shortage or surplus of each user through the photovoltaic and energy storage system. For the part that the photovoltaic and energy storage system cannot provide or absorb, it can be provided by the grid or the power generation capacity of the user's power generation system can be limited.

[0127] It is understandable that, in actual use, the connection and disconnection of users from the photovoltaic and energy storage system in this disclosed green energy sharing system is a dynamic scheduling process.

[0128] Among them, the system cloud platform can be based on the total power generation P of the inverter. inv The battery can discharge power P discharger and the user surplus / deficit power P of all users connected to the photovoltaic and energy storage system ± Real-time acquisition of the available power P of the photovoltaic energy storage system power 1 Among them, P power 1 =P inv +P discharger -∑P ± ;∑P ± The user surplus / deficit power P represents the total user power available to all users connected to the photovoltaic energy storage system. ± sum;

[0129] The system cloud platform is based on the total power generation P of the inverter. inv Battery rechargeable power P charger and the user surplus / deficit power P of all users connected to the photovoltaic and energy storage system ± Real-time acquisition of the absorbable power P of the photovoltaic energy storage system power 2 Among them, P power 2 =P charger -P inv +∑P ± ;

[0130] Understandably, for users who do not have their own user power generation systems, P green =0, let P be the power consumption of the power grid. +grid Let P be the power absorbed by the power grid. -grid The system cloud platform generates scheduling instructions based on the power generation of the photovoltaic-storage system, the power generation of the user's power generation system, and the power consumption of the user's load circuit. It also includes the following dynamic adjustment process for individual users.

[0131] In P green <P use And P green -P use ≤P power 1 At this time, based on the first scheduling command, the microcontroller (MCU) controls the grid branch at the energy router to remain disconnected while the green energy branch remains connected. At this point, the corresponding user needs to purchase electricity from external sources, and the purchase channel is the photovoltaic-storage system. The power flow is from the user's power generation system to the user's load circuit, and from the photovoltaic-storage system to the user's load circuit via the green energy branch. P +grid =0, P -grid =0, the power consumption is P use -P green At this time, the corresponding user can enjoy shared green energy;

[0132] For any user, in P green >P use And P green -P use <P power 2 At this time, based on the second scheduling command, the microcontroller (MCU) controls the grid branch at the energy router to remain disconnected while the green energy branch remains connected. At this time, the corresponding user can sell energy to the photovoltaic-storage system. The power flow is from the user's power generation system to the user's load circuit and then through the green energy branch to the photovoltaic-storage system. P +grid =0, P -grid =0; at this point, users can share excess green energy and earn benefits.

[0133] For any user, in P green =P use At this time, based on the fourth dispatch instruction, the microcontroller (MCU) controls the grid branch at the energy router to remain on while the green energy branch remains off; at this time, the corresponding user does not need to buy or sell electricity, and the power flow is from the user's power generation system to the user's load, P +grid =0, P -grid =0;

[0134] For any user, in P green >P use And P green -P use >Ppower 2 At this time, based on the fourth dispatch instruction, the microcontroller (MCU) controls the grid branch at the energy router to remain on and the green energy branch to remain off. At this time, if the grid bus allows power to be fed in, the power flow can be from the user's power generation system to the user's load circuit and then fed into the grid bus through the grid branch, P-grid = Pgreen - Puse, and the user can obtain certain benefits based on the policy standards of their region. If the grid bus does not allow power to be fed in, the power flow is from the user's power generation system to the user's load circuit, and the user's power generation system can be controlled to limit its power generation.

[0135] In P green <P use And P green -P use >P power 1 At this time, based on the fourth dispatch instruction, the microcontroller (MCU) controls the grid branch at the energy router to remain on while the green energy branch remains off. At this point, the corresponding user needs to purchase electricity from external sources via the grid bus. The power flow is from the user's generation system to the user's load circuit and from the grid bus via the grid branch to the user's load circuit. P +grid =P use -P green .

[0136] In the above, the first to fourth scheduling instructions are actually switching instructions issued by the system cloud platform to the microcontroller MCU. The switching instructions can be used to control the switching of the power grid branch and the green energy branch at the energy router through the microcontroller MCU. When the microcontroller MCU receives the switching instructions, it can generate corresponding action instructions to realize the switching between different power supply branches.

[0137] As shown in Figure 5, in another green energy sharing system disclosed in this embodiment, if the independently set up photovoltaic and energy storage system belongs to a certain user, the energy storage system meter can be eliminated, and the photovoltaic and energy storage system can be directly connected to the user's meter.

[0138] Example 2

[0139] It is known that the energy router, as the core component of the green energy sharing system in Example 1, mainly needs to undertake the switching of two power supply branches, namely the grid branch and the green energy branch. According to the actual working conditions listed in Example 1, the energy router has two states: working on the grid branch alone and working on the green energy branch alone. Therefore, the energy router has at least two state switching requirements: switching from the grid branch to the green energy branch and switching from the green energy branch to the grid branch.

[0140] In order to ensure that the power supply to the load branch is not interrupted when the different power supply branches of the energy router are switched, this embodiment provides an energy router, which is essentially a power distribution device module that can realize intelligent switching between green energy power supply (photovoltaic and energy storage system) and mains power supply (grid bus).

[0141] As shown in Figure 6, the energy router provided in this embodiment has:

[0142] The green energy input port is used to connect to the green energy power supply system to form a green energy branch, and is connected to the load output port through the first relay group;

[0143] The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid system to form a power grid branch, and is connected to the load output port through the second relay group;

[0144] A load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch, which is powered by a green energy branch and / or a grid branch; wherein the green energy branch and the grid branch are two different power supply branches; and

[0145] A microcontroller (MCU) is used to control the on / off state of a first relay group and a second relay group. When switching between different power supply branches, the MCU generates corresponding action commands based on the received switching instructions to control the on / off state of the first and second relay groups. These action commands include...

[0146] The microcontroller (MCU) generates a first instruction when it detects that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first instruction is used to control the first or second relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to switch to the on / off state; and

[0147] The microcontroller (MCU) generates a second instruction when it detects that the corresponding power supply branch to be switched to has entered the power supply state. The second instruction is used to control the second relay group or the first relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to be cut off to switch to the open circuit state.

[0148] This disclosed energy router can effectively couple power supply from a green energy power supply system to the user's load circuit via the grid power supply system. By controlling the first and second relay groups sequentially through a microcontroller (MCU), the energy router can achieve a "zero" interruption switching operation. That is, it can ensure uninterrupted power supply at the load output port during the switch from the grid power supply system to the green energy power supply system, thereby achieving uninterrupted intelligent switching between the energy input ports (i.e., the green energy input port and the mains power input port).

[0149] Understandably, when switching from a mains power supply branch to a green energy power supply branch, if both the mains input port and the green energy input port are outputting power, the microcontroller (MCU), based on control commands issued by, for example, a system cloud platform, generates a first command when it detects that the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first command controls the first relay group to switch to the on-state. When the MCU detects that the power output from the green energy input port is normal, it generates a second command, which controls the second relay group to switch to the off-circuit state. The same operation applies when switching from a green energy branch to a mains power supply branch, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0150] Specifically, the power supply branch to which the switch is required to enter the power supply state is such that all the first relays or all the second relays in the first or second relay group of the corresponding power supply branch to which the switch is required to be entered into the on state.

[0151] In other words, although the switching commands of the energy router, such as power supply branch switching, are issued by external devices such as the system cloud platform, the microcontroller (MCU) can issue action commands based on its independent detection mechanism, thereby enabling the energy router to achieve autonomous control based on the current actual working conditions.

[0152] As shown in Figure 7, both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits. The corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits are used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port. Based on the phase voltage data collected by the phase voltage sampling circuits, the microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase.

[0153] The above methods can better ensure that when switching power supply branches, the power supply branch to which the switch is required will not have a phase loss fault and will maintain the same phase sequence and phase as the power supply branch to which the switch is required.

[0154] The first relay group has multiple first relays corresponding to each phase input, and the second relay group has multiple second relays corresponding to each phase input. Both the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays are controlled to be on and off based on independent relay control circuits. This allows for better individual control of each relay.

[0155] Both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. These circuits detect the zero-crossing point of each phase input at both ports. The microcontroller (MCU) is used to ensure that all the multiple first relays and multiple second relays perform on / off actions at the zero-crossing point based on the zero-crossing detection. This effectively reduces the impact of arcing during relay on / off, thus extending the relay's lifespan.

[0156] The load output port is also equipped with a corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit, which is used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the load output port.

[0157] The microcontroller (MCU) issues self-test commands to obtain the closing and closing times of each first and second relay. The MCU then issues action commands based on the voltage cycle of the corresponding phase input, the corresponding closing time, and the corresponding closing time delay. Therefore, it can accurately control the on / off state of each relay at the zero-crossing point.

[0158] In this embodiment, the first relay group uses normally open contacts to connect between the green energy input port and the load output port, and the relay control circuit of the first relay group is powered by the green energy power supply system.

[0159] This method enables the first relay group to remain open-circuit when the green energy power supply system has no power output, thereby realizing the "zero" loss working state of the energy router disclosed herein and ensuring efficient power supply when the grid power supply system supplies power alone.

[0160] Furthermore, the second relay group can be connected between the mains input port and the load output port using normally closed contacts. This allows the second relay group to operate with low power consumption when powered solely by the mains power system, thus further improving the power supply efficiency in the "zero" loss operating state.

[0161] It is understood that the relay control circuit of the second relay group can be powered by a green energy power supply system or a grid power supply system.

[0162] In this embodiment, when the microcontroller (MCU) detects an abnormality in the user's load circuit, it can generate a third instruction. This third instruction can be used to keep both the first and second relay groups in an open-circuit state. This allows the energy router of this disclosure to switch to a bypass operating state when abnormal conditions such as overload, overcurrent, and short circuit are detected in the user's load circuit. By actively disconnecting the electrical connection between the energy input port (i.e., the green energy input port and the mains power input port) and the load output port, the safety of the electrical equipment can be protected.

[0163] That is, the energy router disclosed herein can adopt a relay topology with three working states: the "0 loss" working state can ensure high efficiency when the mains power is used alone, the "0 interruption switching" working state can ensure uninterrupted intelligent switching of the energy input port, and the bypass working state can be used to protect the safety of the electrical equipment.

[0164] As shown in Figure 8, in actual use, an energy router of this embodiment can complete the switching between different power supply branches based on the following steps:

[0165] Based on the self-test command issued by the microcontroller MCU, the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays are controlled to perform self-test actions;

[0166] Based on the self-test actions of each first relay and each second relay, the action time of each first relay and each second relay is obtained, including the closing action time and the closing action time.

[0167] Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input at the green energy input port are detected;

[0168] When the microcontroller (MCU) detects that the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase and receives a switching command, it issues a corresponding action command based on the voltage cycle of each phase and the corresponding action time of the first or second relay.

[0169] The above methods ensure that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have consistent phase sequence and phase when switching power supply branches, and eliminate problems such as phase loss and relay failure. Therefore, they better guarantee the realization of the "0" interruption intelligent switching function. Furthermore, by considering the operating time of each first relay and each second relay, it can be ensured that the first and second relays can accurately perform on / off actions.

[0170] The self-test commands issued by the microcontroller (MCU) are essentially commands to control individual relays to turn on and off. Since the green energy input port, mains input port, and load output port are all equipped with corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits, after each first or second relay performs an on / off action, it is only necessary to check whether the voltage of the corresponding phase at the load output port is conducting or off to determine if the corresponding relay has malfunctioned. When any first or second relay malfunctions, the MCU generates an alarm signal and can report it to the system cloud platform.

[0171] During the self-test of the first or second relay, the microcontroller (MCU) can obtain the closing and closing action times of the first or second relay by recording the time when the self-test command is issued and the upload time of the signal collected by the phase voltage sampling circuit of the corresponding phase at the load output port. That is, the time from when the microcontroller (MCU) issues the self-test command to when it receives the signal collected by the phase voltage sampling circuit of the corresponding phase at the load output port can be used as the corresponding action time. It can be understood that the action time collected by this method includes the command transmission time of the relay and the actual delay time of the on and off actions.

[0172] Specifically, it can use the periodic root mean square of the voltage at the green energy input port as a criterion for phase loss judgment, and determine whether the positive and negative sequence connection of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent based on the sign of the d-axis voltage component in the synchronous rotating coordinate system. Furthermore, when the microcontroller (MCU) detects a phase loss or phase sequence inconsistency at the green energy input port, it can report relevant information such as the fault type and the location of the failed phase sequence detection branch to the system cloud platform.

[0173] Specifically, the system can control each first relay and each second relay to perform self-test actions multiple times based on a microcontroller (MCU), and use the average time of each action as the action time. Therefore, the collected action time can be accurately determined.

[0174] In this embodiment, both the green energy input port and the mains power input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. When the microcontroller (MCU) generates an action command, it can execute the command based on the following steps:

[0175] After receiving the switching command, the microcontroller (MCU) uses a zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase of the green energy input port and the mains power input port.

[0176] After detecting the zero-crossing point of the corresponding phase, the microcontroller (MCU) obtains the voltage cycle of the input phase.

[0177] The microcontroller (MCU) determines the sending time of the action command based on the voltage cycle of the phase input and the operating time of the corresponding first or second relay, and sends the action command when the sending time arrives.

[0178] Through the above methods, the relay's on / off action can be better achieved at the zero-crossing point, thereby reducing the impact of arcing during the on / off moment and achieving long-life protection for the relay.

[0179] Specifically, by performing multiple switching operations on the relays at the green energy input port and the mains input port during the self-test phase, and by combining the voltage sampling data of the load output port to obtain the average action time of the relays at different input ports (including the average closing and closing time), the problem of different action delay times of the relays due to the manufacturing process can be effectively solved. At the same time, by combining the real-time cycle of the AC power obtained through the zero-crossing detection signal, it can be ensured that the relays complete accurate switching actions at the zero-crossing point.

[0180] It is understandable that the zero-crossing detection circuit can be implemented using, for example, a comparator circuit. Therefore, the zero-crossing point is represented by a rising edge or a falling edge in the output waveform of the comparator circuit. In a specific embodiment, the zero-crossing point of half a cycle of the corresponding phase AC current can be represented by a rising edge, and the zero-crossing point of the full cycle can be represented by a falling edge. Therefore, when performing the above operation, the microcontroller (MCU) can determine whether a falling edge of the output signal of the zero-crossing detection circuit is detected after receiving the switching command. If no falling edge is detected, it continues to monitor. If a falling edge is detected, the corresponding phase AC current cycle can be calculated based on the falling edge (e.g., the AC current cycle can be calculated based on the interval between two falling edges, or based on the sampling frequency, etc., which are conventional techniques and will not be elaborated in this embodiment). Afterward, the microcontroller (MCU) can... The transmission time of the action command is calculated based on the AC cycle of the corresponding phase and the operating time of the corresponding relay. For example, if the closing time of a relay is t1 and the closing time is t2, and the AC cycle of the corresponding phase is T, then: if the current action command is used to control the relay to close, the required transmission time t3 can be (N*T-t1); if the current action command is used to control the relay to close, the required transmission time t4 can be (N*T-t2); where N is a positive integer; both transmission times t3 and t4 can be based on the currently detected falling edge as the starting time. It can be understood that the first and second instructions in the action command, as well as the aforementioned third instruction, can all be executed in this manner. Therefore, it can be better ensured that the relevant relays can perform on / off actions when the corresponding phase is at a zero-crossing point.

[0181] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the three-phase energy router provided in this embodiment, as a specific example, has load output ports with L1, L2, L3, and N terminals; green energy input ports with GL1, GL2, GL3, and GN terminals; and mains power input ports with OL1, OL2, OL3, and ON terminals. The first relay group includes first relays RLYGL1, RLYGL2, RLYGL3, and RLYGN; the second relay group includes second relays RLYOL1, RLYOL2, RLYOL3, and RLYON.

[0182] The green energy input port GL1 is connected to one end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL1. The other end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL1 is connected to the load output port L1 and one end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL1. The other end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL1 is connected to the mains input port OL1. The first relay RLYGL1 uses a normally open contact. The control circuit of the first relay RLYGL1 is connected to a +12V power supply and a relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the first relay RLYGL1 is the RLY_Power_GL1 terminal. The second relay RLYOL1 uses a normally closed contact. The control circuit of the second relay RLYOL1 is connected to a +12V power supply and a relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the second relay RLYOL1 is the RLY_Power_OL1 terminal.

[0183] The green energy input port GL2 is connected to one end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL2. The other end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL2 is connected to the load output port L2 and one end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL2. The other end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL2 is connected to the mains input port OL2. The first relay RLYGL2 uses a normally open contact. The control circuit of the first relay RLYGL2 is connected to a +12V power supply and a relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the first relay RLYGL2 is the RLY_Power_GL2 terminal. The second relay RLYOL2 uses a normally closed contact. The control circuit of the second relay RLYOL2 is connected to a +12V power supply and a relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the second relay RLYOL2 is the RLY_Power_OL2 terminal.

[0184] The green energy input port GL3 is connected to one end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL3. The other end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGL3 is connected to the load output port L3 and one end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL3. The other end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYOL3 is connected to the mains input port OL3. The first relay RLYGL3 uses a normally open contact. The control circuit of the first relay RLYGL3 is connected to the +12V power supply and the relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the first relay RLYGL3 is the RLY_Power_GL3 terminal. The second relay RLYOL3 uses a normally closed contact. The control circuit of the second relay RLYOL3 is connected to the +12V power supply and the relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the second relay RLYOL3 is the RLY_Power_OL3 terminal.

[0185] The green energy input port GN is connected to one end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGN. The other end of the main circuit of the first relay RLYGN is connected to the load output port N and one end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYON. The other end of the main circuit of the second relay RLYON is connected to the mains input port ON. The first relay RLYGN uses a normally open contact. The control circuit of the first relay RLYGN is connected to the +12V power supply and the relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the first relay RLYGN is the RLY_Power_GN terminal. The second relay RLYON uses a normally closed contact. The control circuit of the second relay RLYON is connected to the +12V power supply and the relay control circuit. The signal control terminal of the relay control circuit of the second relay RLYON is the RLY_Power_ON terminal.

[0186] Among them, the green energy input port is a three-phase power input compatible with single-phase power input. The green energy power supply system can be based on renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power, or it can be a mains power interface; the mains power input port is a three-phase mains power interface compatible with single-phase mains power interface; the load output port is a three-phase load interface compatible with single-phase load.

[0187] In this embodiment, the zero-crossing detection circuit and the phase voltage sampling circuit can be connected between any phase live wire and the neutral wire.

[0188] It is understood that the energy router of this embodiment can also be compatible with single-phase power supply systems. For example, the relays of the same phase connected to the energy input port and the load output port can be kept working. For example, the green energy input port GL2 and GL3, the mains input port OL2 and OL3 and the load output port L2 and L3 can be connected together.

[0189] Of course, in order to save costs, the energy router disclosed herein can also adopt the single-phase topology structure shown in Figures 9 and 10.

[0190] Example 3

[0191] In the energy router disclosed in Embodiment 2, for example, the relay is a key module, and its lifespan and control affect the stability and reliability of the energy router. To reduce the impact of arcing during relay switching and achieve long-life protection for the relay, this embodiment discloses a zero-crossing detection circuit based on high-precision voltage sampling. Here, zero-crossing refers to the moment or position when a sinusoidal AC voltage or current changes to zero voltage or zero current (the positive half-cycle decreases from positive to zero or the negative half-cycle increases from negative to zero); it should be understood that the zero-crossing of this invention only applies to AC voltage.

[0192] It is worth mentioning that, in order to ensure that the relay completes the switching operation at the zero crossing point, the existing technical solutions are as follows: First, a thyristor switch is used to replace the relay, or a thyristor switch and a relay are connected in parallel. By controlling the switching sequence of the two, the relay is turned on and off at zero voltage difference. However, due to the defects of thyristor switches, such as false on and false off, the reliability of this solution is low. Second, a zero-crossing detection circuit is used. The zero-crossing detection circuit and a microcontroller (MCU) are combined to enable the relay to complete the switching operation at the zero voltage crossing point. However, most detection circuits use a simple form of resistor and optocoupler in series, which leads to inaccurate detection.

[0193] The zero-crossing detection circuit disclosed in this embodiment is located at the green energy input port and the mains power input port, and can integrate the phase voltage sampling circuit and the zero-crossing detection circuit. It addresses the problems of low detection accuracy in current zero-crossing detection circuits using a resistor and optocoupler in series, and the weak anti-interference capability due to jitter in zero-crossing detection circuits using an operational amplifier comparator and a resistor voltage divider in series. It can significantly improve the accuracy of zero-crossing sampling.

[0194] Figure 11 shows a zero-crossing detection circuit based on high-precision voltage sampling disclosed in this embodiment, which has the following features:

[0195] A phase voltage sampling circuit based on the first operational amplifier U1A samples and outputs data based on a first reference voltage value, the voltage of a single-phase live wire, and the voltage of the neutral wire. The sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit is the sum of a set multiple of the difference between the voltage of the single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire and the first reference voltage value; and

[0196] The zero-crossing detection circuit is built based on the second operational amplifier U2A. The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to compare the sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit with the second reference voltage value and output a zero-crossing signal.

[0197] The first reference voltage value and the second reference voltage value have the same value (both are +1.5V in this embodiment).

[0198] Based on the above, the zero-crossing detection circuit of this disclosure integrates the phase voltage sampling stage and the zero-crossing detection stage, thus simplifying the circuit complexity. Specifically, the output of the phase voltage sampling circuit outputs the phase voltage acquisition signal, and the output of the zero-crossing detection circuit outputs the zero-crossing detection signal. The zero-crossing detection circuit of this disclosure can perform zero-crossing detection based on the output of the phase voltage sampling circuit. Through the first operational amplifier U1A and the first reference voltage value, it can avoid the reduction in detection accuracy caused by voltage fluctuations at the zero-crossing point of the corresponding phase.

[0199] In this circuit, the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier U1A samples the voltage of the neutral wire through a first processing circuit, while the inverting input of the first operational amplifier U1A samples the voltage of the single-phase live wire through a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit has a first capacitor C1 connected in series with the neutral wire, and the second processing circuit has a second capacitor C2 connected in series with the single-phase live wire. The first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can act as DC blocking capacitors, isolating and filtering out DC signals in the input AC signal. This improves the sampling output accuracy of the phase voltage sampling circuit, enhances the accuracy of zero-crossing detection, and provides favorable conditions for the execution of coordinate transformations (stationary coordinate system and synchronous rotating coordinate system) in the subsequent phase sequence detection and control stages.

[0200] The first processing circuit includes a first resistor connected in series with the first capacitor C1, and the second processing circuit includes a second resistor connected in series with the second capacitor C2. A feedback resistor R16 is connected in series between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1A. The first and second resistors have the same resistance value, but the resistance value of the feedback resistor R16 is much smaller than that of the second resistor. This allows the feedback resistor R16 and the second resistor to form a proportional output circuit, and the first resistor to act as a balancing resistor, thereby achieving better acquisition and output of the phase voltage.

[0201] The first resistor is composed of multiple resistors connected in series (R1-R7 in this embodiment), and the second resistor is composed of multiple resistors connected in series (R9-R15 in this embodiment). This facilitates implementation.

[0202] That is, the sampling output V of the sampling terminal G_L1N_VOL of the first operational amplifier U1A. G_L1N_VOL The difference V between the voltage of a single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire. G_L1N It has the following relationship,

[0203] In this circuit, the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier U1A receives a first reference voltage value through a reference voltage circuit. This reference voltage circuit includes a resistor R8 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel. One end of both resistor R8 and capacitor C3 is connected to ground, and the other end of both resistor R8 and capacitor C3 receives the first reference voltage value. This effectively achieves the addition of the first reference voltage value.

[0204] The positive power input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1A is connected to a +5V voltage and grounded through capacitor C5, while the negative power input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1A is grounded.

[0205] In this configuration, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1A is connected to an output resistor R17, and the output resistor R17 is grounded to the sampling terminal G_L1N_VOL via a capacitor C6. This effectively achieves the output of the phase voltage acquisition signal.

[0206] A capacitor C4 is also connected in parallel at the feedback resistor R16.

[0207] In this embodiment, the inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to the sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit, and the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to the second reference voltage value. This achieves a better increase in the second reference voltage value.

[0208] The inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to the sampling output of the sampling circuit through resistor R18, and the inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A is also grounded through capacitor C7 and diode D1.

[0209] In this circuit, the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to the second reference voltage value via a capacitor C8 and a resistor R19 connected in parallel. A diode D2 is connected between the output of the second operational amplifier U2A and its non-inverting input, and a resistor R20 is connected in series with the diode D2. Based on this, capacitor C8, resistors R19 and R20, and diode D2 form a hysteresis loop, ensuring that the output of the zero-crossing detection circuit is unaffected by fluctuations in the AC voltage signal at the zero-crossing point, thereby improving the accuracy and anti-interference performance of the zero-crossing detection. Furthermore, by utilizing the forward conduction characteristic of diode D2, the second reference voltage value can form two different threshold values ​​at the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier U2A (i.e., when there is no signal output from the output of the second operational amplifier U2A, the threshold value is the second reference voltage value; when there is a signal output from the output of the second operational amplifier U2A, the threshold value is the second reference voltage value minus the forward voltage of diode D2). These two different threshold values ​​can switch instantaneously during the zero-crossing detection signal flip, thereby reducing the impact of AC voltage signal fluctuations and effectively improving the accuracy of the zero-crossing detection.

[0210] As shown in Figures 12 and 13, without hysteresis, the output of the zero-crossing detection circuit exhibits significant fluctuations at both the rising and falling edges.

[0211] In this embodiment, a pull-up voltage (+3.3V in this embodiment) is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U2A. This effectively achieves the waveform output of the zero-crossing detection signal. That is, the microcontroller MCU can use the instant when the zero-crossing signal output terminal G_L1N_F jumps from a high level (3.3V) to a low level (0V) as the zero-crossing point.

[0212] The output of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to a pull-up voltage through resistor R22. The output of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected in series with resistor R21 to form a zero-crossing output terminal GRID_L1N_F. The zero-crossing output terminal GRID_L1N_F is grounded through capacitor C10.

[0213] The positive power input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2A is connected to a +5V voltage and grounded through capacitor C9; the negative power input terminal of the second operational amplifier U2A is grounded.

[0214] In this specific embodiment, the first operational amplifier U1A can be a TLV9064IPWR, and the second operational amplifier U2A can be an LM2903DR; the first and second reference voltages can both be +1.5V; the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 can both be 1812 ceramic capacitors with a voltage rating of 2KV and a capacitance of 10nF; the resistances R1-R6 and R9-R14 are all 1 megohm. Resistors R7 and R15 are both 49.9 kΩ; feedback resistor R16 is 20 kΩ; resistor R8 is 20 kΩ; capacitor C3 is 1 nF (1 nF / 50V / 0603); capacitor C5 is 100 nF (100 nF / 50V / 0603); output resistor R17 is 100 ohms (100 ohm / 0603); capacitor C6 is 10 nF (10 nF / 50V / 0603). 03); Capacitor C4 has a capacitance of 1nF (1nF / 50V / 0603); Capacitor C9 has a capacitance of 100nF (100nF / 50V / 0603); Resistor R18 has a resistance of 4.99 kΩ (4.99KΩ / 0603); Capacitor C7 has a capacitance of 10nF (10nF / 50V / 0603); Diode D1 is a BAT43W / SOD-123; Capacitor C8 has a capacitance of 1nF (1nF / 50V / The resistor R19 has a resistance of 5.1 kΩ (5.1K / 0603); the diode D2 is a BAT43W / SOD-123; the resistor R20 has a resistance of 20 kΩ (20K / 0603); the resistor R21 has a resistance of 499 ohms (499 ohm / 0603); the resistor R22 has a resistance of 5.1 kΩ (5.1K / 0603); and the capacitor C10 has a capacitance of 10 nF (10 nF / 50V / 0603).

[0215] It is understood that this embodiment only takes the first phase line GL1 and the neutral line GN of the green energy input port as an example to specifically describe the disclosed zero-crossing detection circuit based on high-precision voltage sampling. The zero-crossing detection circuits of the green energy input port and the mains input port are similar.

[0216] Example 4

[0217] As shown in Figure 14, this embodiment provides a relay control circuit that can be used to drive the first relay or the second relay in Embodiment 2.

[0218] The relay control circuit provided in this embodiment takes the first relay RLYGL1 at the green energy input port GL1 as an example, and the rest of the analysis is similar. One end of the control coil of the first relay RLYGL1 is connected to one end of capacitor C11, the cathode of rectifier diode D3, and 12V voltage, respectively, and the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded; the other end of the control coil of the first relay RLYGL1 is connected to the anode of rectifier diode D3 and the third pin of MOSFET device Q1; the second pin of MOSFET device Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R24, one end of capacitor C12, and ground; the first pin of MOSFET device Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R24, the other end of capacitor C12, and one end of resistor R23; the other end of resistor R23 is connected to the relay control signal RLY_Power_L1.

[0219] Example 5

[0220] To achieve the "0" interruption switching state of the energy router in Embodiment 2, it is necessary to ensure that there are no phase loss or phase sequence inconsistencies during power supply branch switching. Therefore, this embodiment provides a phase loss and phase sequence monitoring method, which is well applicable to the energy router in Embodiment 2. Specifically, phase loss monitoring is based on the root mean square (RMS) coordinate system, and phase sequence monitoring is based on a synchronous rotating coordinate system.

[0221] As shown in Figure 15, the phase loss and phase sequence monitoring method of this embodiment, when applied to the phase loss and phase sequence monitoring of a three-phase system, can have the following steps:

[0222] Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, N sampled voltages V of each phase output at the green energy input port and the mains input port are obtained between two adjacent full-cycle zero-crossing points (falling edges). i ;

[0223] The microcontroller (MCU) is based on the acquired N sampled voltages V i Obtain the root mean square voltage V of each phase rms The root mean square voltage V of each phase at the same input port (green energy input port or mains power input port) rms Compare the voltages and the root mean square voltage V of either phase at the same input port. rms The root mean square voltage V of the remaining phases rmsWhen the difference exceeds the first set threshold, it is determined that there is a phase loss at the input port (green energy input port or mains power input port);

[0224] When there is no phase loss at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the d-axis component and rotation phase angle of the green energy input port and the mains input port are obtained based on the software phase-locked loop;

[0225] The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent based on the sign of the d-axis component of the green energy input port and the mains input port. Specifically, if the d-axis components of the green energy input port and the mains input port have the same sign, the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent, and otherwise they are inconsistent.

[0226] The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the difference in the rotation phase angle between the green energy input port and the mains input port exceeds a second set threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, the phases of the green energy input port and the mains input port are consistent; otherwise, they are inconsistent.

[0227] As described above, periodically calculating the root mean square (RMS) of the phase voltage effectively solves the problem of misjudging phase loss due to inaccurate sampling, and is more accurate than directly comparing voltage sampling data. Similarly, the phase sequence monitoring method based on a synchronous rotating coordinate system uses a software phase-locked loop to convert AC signals to DC signals, improving the accuracy of phase sequence detection. According to the RMS calculation formula, when a phase loss occurs, even with slight sampling errors, the calculated RMS of that phase will still be significantly smaller than the RMS of the voltages of the other phases without phase loss. Therefore, this method can effectively solve the phase loss judgment problem. Similarly, this method is also applicable to single-phase systems. The above methods only perform phase sequence monitoring under the premise of no phase loss, avoiding unnecessary monitoring calculations.

[0228] In the phase loss and phase sequence monitoring method of this embodiment, after the orientation of the d-axis voltage in the synchronous rotating coordinate system is completed by adding a software phase-locked loop, the positive and negative signs of the d-axis voltage components of the green energy and mains input ports are compared as the basis for determining the phase sequence of the energy input ports. Simultaneously, to accelerate the convergence speed of the software phase-locked loop...

[0229] Figure 16 shows a block diagram of the software phase-locked loop used in this embodiment. The software phase-locked loop can perform stationary coordinate system transformation and synchronous rotating coordinate system transformation of the three-phase voltages at the green energy input port and the mains input port, thereby obtaining the corresponding d-axis components and rotational phase angles. The stationary coordinate system transformation refers to the conversion of the three-phase AC signal into a two-phase perpendicular coordinate system AC signal through the Clarke transformation (also known as the 3 / 2 transformation); the synchronous rotating coordinate system transformation refers to the conversion of the three-phase AC signal into a two-phase perpendicular coordinate system DC signal through the Park transformation (also known as the dq transformation), which can be considered as the stationary coordinate system rotated at a certain angle. The rotational phase angle mentioned in this embodiment refers to the phase angle obtained when completing the d-axis voltage orientation in the synchronous rotating coordinate system, typically the A-phase phase angle defined by the AC system. These are techniques well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment.

[0230] The first and second threshold values ​​can be set independently based on actual needs.

[0231] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, it can be seen that when three-phase alternating current is connected in different phase sequences, the d-axis component in the synchronous rotating coordinate system has obvious positive and negative differences. Therefore, the method based on this embodiment can better determine whether the phase sequence is consistent.

[0232] As shown in Figures 17, 19 and 20, although the three-phase AC power has the same phase sequence, there is still a phase difference at the same time due to different wiring methods. Therefore, the method in this embodiment can better ensure the intelligent switching of the energy router when there is a "0" interruption by adding phase judgment.

[0233] Similarly, the method disclosed in this embodiment can also be used to monitor phase loss and phase sequence in a single-phase system, which will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment.

[0234] Example 6

[0235] It is understood that when the energy router in Embodiment 2 is used in a multi-user scenario, each user needs to be equipped with one. Considering the installation difficulty of the energy router due to the concentration of users in a multi-user scenario, this embodiment provides a shared green energy system module chassis 2. The shared green energy system module chassis 2 can provide installation locations for installing multiple energy routers. At the same time, the shared green energy system module chassis 2 can also be installed on a wall, for example, via a wall-mounting component 1.

[0236] Among them, the shared green electricity system module chassis 2, the energy router and / or the wall-mounted component 1 can together constitute the shared green electricity system module.

[0237] This embodiment provides a shared green energy system module, as shown in Figures 21-27, which includes a shared green energy system module chassis 2 and a wall-mounted component 1 disposed at the shared green energy system module chassis 2.

[0238] The wall-mounted component 1 in this embodiment includes component 101 for installation on the outer wall of the shared green electricity system module chassis 2 and component 2 102 that cooperates with component 101. The shared green electricity system module chassis 2 is hung on component 2 102 through component 101.

[0239] Component 2 102 is provided with a hanging hole 103, and component 1 101 is provided with a protrusion 104 that passes through the hanging hole 103. The height of the hanging hole 103 is greater than the height of the protrusion 104, so that there is enough space to make room when the chassis is removed from component 2 102, that is, the mounting plate, to ensure the smooth disassembly and assembly of the entire shared green electricity system module.

[0240] The disassembly and assembly method of the shared green electricity system module in this embodiment enables rapid disassembly and assembly, greatly reducing construction costs.

[0241] In this embodiment, to ensure installation stability, a support plate 105 is provided at the hanging hole 103 of component two 102 to support the lower end face of the protrusion 104. The support plate 105 is located at the lower end of the hole wall of the hanging hole 103 and extends along the protrusion direction of the protrusion 104. The support plate 105 can support the protrusion 104, increase the force-bearing area of ​​the protrusion 104 on the bottom wall of the hanging hole 103, and ensure the stress stability of component one 101 on component two 102.

[0242] On the other hand, component 2 102 is plate-shaped and has multiple hanging holes 103 spaced longitudinally, while component 1 101 is elongated and has protrusions 104 in the same number as the hanging holes 103. The multiple hanging holes 103 and multiple protrusions 104 correspond one-to-one, which can better bear the force and maintain the stability of the hanging.

[0243] Furthermore, at least one of the support plates 105 at the multiple hanging holes 103 is a bent support plate 113. The bent support plate 113 includes a horizontal portion 106 and a downwardly bent inclined portion 107 along the extending direction of the support plate 105. The lower end of the protrusion 104 corresponding to the bent support plate 113 is provided with a downwardly opening slot 108. The upper surface of the slot 108 is provided with a horizontal surface 109 that mates with the horizontal portion 106 and an inclined surface 110 that mates with the inclined portion 107. The setting of the bent support plate 113 can limit the movement between the bent support plate 113 and the slot 108 after installation, preventing component one 101 and component two 102 from separating in the horizontal direction.

[0244] Finally, the support plate 105 located at the bottom hanging hole 103 of component 2 102 is a horizontal support plate 111, and the lower end surface of the protrusion 104 corresponding to the horizontal support plate 111 is a horizontal surface 109. The setting of the horizontal support plate 111 can realize the overall vertical support of the shared green electricity system module and ensure the stability of the overall structure installation.

[0245] In this embodiment, there are two components 101, which are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the length direction of component 2 102. At least one side of component 101 is provided with a fixing plate 112 that mates with the outer side of component 2 102. The fixing plate 112 is arranged along the length direction of component 101 and its surface is parallel to the outer side of component 2 102. The fixing plate 112 and the outer side of component 2 102 are fixed to each other by screws. The fixing plate 112 can limit the length direction of component 101 and component 2 102, reducing the lateral relative movement between component 101 and component 2 102.

[0246] In this embodiment, component two 102 includes a middle plate 114 and side plates 115 disposed on both sides of the middle plate 114. The side plates 115 have elongated mounting grooves 116 on their ends facing away from component one 101. Hanging holes 103 are disposed on the bottom wall of the mounting groove 116, and a support plate 105 is disposed inside the mounting groove 116. The outer surface of the side wall of the mounting groove 116 away from the middle plate 114 constitutes the outer surface of component two 102. Component one 101 includes a base plate 117, and a protrusion 104 is constructed as a U-shaped plate with its opening facing the base plate 117. The protrusion 104 is integrally formed with the base plate 117.

[0247] Component 101 and Component 202 are basically made of thin plates bent together. The overall structure is a non-solid plate, which can effectively reduce weight and form sufficient installation space, so that the overall outer surface is flat, the structure is complete, and the appearance is beautiful.

[0248] The shared green electricity system module chassis (2) in this embodiment includes a chassis assembly, including a chassis shell 201 and a chassis panel 202 disposed at the front end of the chassis shell 201. The chassis shell 201 is provided with a main module installation area 203 and multiple sub-module installation areas 204. The main module installation area 203 and multiple sub-module installation areas 204 are evenly spaced along the height direction of the chassis shell 201. The main module installation area 203 is equipped with a mounting bracket 1 205 for installing circuit breakers and a mounting bracket 206 for installing meters, splitters and PCS air switches. Each sub-module installation area 204 is equipped with a mounting bracket 3 207 for installing user control switches and a mounting bracket 4 208 for installing energy routers.

[0249] The chassis components are divided into zones, allowing each component to be optimally positioned, forming an independent modular design with a high degree of integration. Each sub-module installation area 204 is equipped with an energy router, an independent electricity meter, and an independent user control switch, enabling each user to collect electricity consumption information in a timely and accurate manner and facilitating individual user maintenance.

[0250] Specifically, in this embodiment, the main module installation area 203 and the sub-module installation area 204 are respectively provided with rectangular frame one 209 and rectangular frame two 210 fixed on the rear end face of the chassis housing 201. Mounting bracket one 205 and mounting bracket two 206 are both set in rectangular frame one 209, and mounting bracket three 207 and mounting bracket four 208 are both set in rectangular frame two 210. The upper and lower side walls of rectangular frame one 209 and the upper and lower side walls of rectangular frame two 210 are provided with wire passage holes 211.

[0251] The outer surfaces of rectangular frame 1 209 and rectangular frame 210 are on the same vertical plane. The same vertical plane forms a cable tray 212 between it and the inner surface of the side wall of the chassis housing 201. This effectively divides the internal area of ​​the chassis into an installation area and a cable tray area, so that all components and circuits inside the chassis can be arranged effectively and reasonably, which facilitates subsequent maintenance and installation.

[0252] In this embodiment, both mounting bracket 1 205 and mounting bracket 206 include a U-shaped support plate 213 with its opening facing the rear end face of the chassis housing 201. A horizontally arranged guide rail 214 for engaging the electricity meter, distributor, and PCS air switch is mounted on the support plate 213 of mounting bracket 206. The support plate 1 is fixed to the rear end face of the chassis housing 201 by screws.

[0253] Mounting bracket 207 includes a support plate 215 with an opening facing the rear end face of the chassis housing 201 and in the shape of a U-shaped plate. A horizontally arranged guide rail 216 for engaging the user control switch is mounted on the support plate 215. Both ends of the guide rail 216 are provided with limiting plates 217 for preventing the user control opening from derailing along the length of the guide rail 216.

[0254] Mounting bracket 4 208 includes two support bars 218 arranged horizontally opposite each other and vertically in the length direction. Multiple through holes 219 are opened on the opposite sides of the support bars 218, and the energy router is installed between the two support bars 218.

[0255] In addition, in this embodiment, the top and bottom of the chassis housing 201 are provided with inlet and outlet holes 220 that communicate with the inside of the chassis housing 201. The inlet and outlet holes 220 facilitate installation and cable routing.

[0256] The inner side of the chassis panel 202 is equipped with door panel reinforcing ribs. The chassis panel 202 is easy to install, provides protection, and also serves an aesthetic purpose.

[0257] It is readily understood that those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments provided in this application to obtain other embodiments, all of which do not exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0258] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy router, comprising: The green energy input port is used to connect to the green energy power supply system to form a green energy branch, and is connected to the load output port through the first relay group; The mains input port is used to connect to the power grid system to form a power grid branch, and is connected to the load output port through the second relay group; A load output port is used to connect to the user's load circuit to form a load branch, which is powered by a green energy branch and / or a grid branch; wherein the green energy branch and the grid branch are two different power supply branches; and The microcontroller (MCU) is used to control the on / off state of the first and second relay groups. When switching between different power supply branches, the MCU generates corresponding action commands based on the received switching commands to control the on / off state of the first and second relay groups. The action instructions include, The microcontroller (MCU) generates a first instruction when it detects that the input voltages at the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase. This first instruction is used to control the first or second relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to switch to the on / off state; and The microcontroller (MCU) generates a second instruction when it detects that the corresponding power supply branch to be switched to has entered the power supply state. The second instruction is used to control the second relay group or the first relay group at the corresponding power supply branch to be cut off to switch to the open circuit state. The first relay group has multiple first relays corresponding to each phase input, and the second relay group has multiple second relays corresponding to each phase input. The microcontroller (MCU) is used to enable the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays to perform on / off actions at the zero-crossing point based on zero-crossing detection.

2. An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with corresponding phase voltage sampling circuits. These circuits are used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port. The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase based on the phase voltage data collected by the phase voltage sampling circuit.

3. An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of first relays and the plurality of second relays are all controlled to be on or off based on independent relay control circuits.

4. An energy router according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the green energy input port and the mains input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. The zero-crossing detection circuits are used to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase input at the green energy input port and the mains input port.

5. An energy router according to claim 4, characterized in that: The zero-crossing detection circuit includes, The phase voltage sampling circuit is constructed based on the first operational amplifier U1A. The phase voltage sampling circuit samples and outputs based on the first reference voltage value, the voltage of the single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire. The sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit is the sum of the set multiple of the difference between the voltage of the single-phase live wire and the voltage of the neutral wire and the first reference voltage value. as well as The zero-crossing detection circuit is built based on the second operational amplifier U2A. The zero-crossing detection circuit is used to compare the sampling output of the phase voltage sampling circuit with the second reference voltage value and output a zero-crossing signal.

6. An energy router according to claim 4, characterized in that: A corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is also provided at the load output port. The corresponding phase voltage sampling circuit is used to collect the phase voltage of each phase input at the load output port. The microcontroller (MCU) is used to issue self-test commands to obtain the closing and closing action times of each first relay and each second relay. The MCU is also used to issue action commands based on the voltage cycle of the corresponding phase input, the corresponding closing action time, and the corresponding closing action time delay.

7. An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first relay group uses normally open contacts to connect between the green energy input port and the load output port. The relay drive circuit of the first relay group is powered by the green energy power supply system.

8. An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second relay group uses normally closed contacts connected between the mains input port and the load output port.

9. An energy router according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microcontroller (MCU) detects an abnormality at the load output port, it generates a third instruction. This third instruction can be used to keep both the first and second relay groups in an open-circuit state.

10. A method for switching power supply branches in an energy router according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising: Based on the self-test command issued by the microcontroller MCU, the multiple first relays and the multiple second relays are controlled to perform self-test actions; Based on the self-test actions of each first relay and each second relay, the action time of each first relay and each second relay is obtained, including the closing action time and the closing action time. Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input at the green energy input port are detected; When the microcontroller (MCU) detects that the input voltages of the mains input port and the green energy input port have the same phase sequence and phase and receives a switching command, it issues a corresponding action command based on the voltage cycle of each phase and the corresponding action time of the first or second relay.

11. The power supply branch switching method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The microcontroller (MCU) controls each first relay and each second relay to perform self-test actions multiple times, and the average time to perform the corresponding action is used as the action time of the corresponding action.

12. The power supply branch switching method according to claim 10, characterized in that: Both the green energy input port and the mains power input port are equipped with zero-crossing detection circuits. When the microcontroller (MCU) generates an action command, it executes the command based on the following steps. After receiving the switching command, the microcontroller (MCU) uses a zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the zero-crossing point of each phase of the green energy input port and the mains power input port. After detecting the zero-crossing point of the corresponding phase, the microcontroller (MCU) obtains the voltage cycle of the input phase. The microcontroller (MCU) determines the sending time of the action command based on the voltage cycle of the phase input and the operating time of the corresponding first or second relay, and sends the action command when the sending time arrives.

13. The power supply branch switching method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The phase voltage sampling circuit based on the green energy input port and the mains input port detects the phase sequence and phase of the voltage input to the green energy input port, including: Based on the phase voltage sampling circuit and zero-crossing detection circuit at the green energy input port and the mains input port, N sampled voltages V of each phase output at the green energy input port and the mains input port between two adjacent zero-crossing points of the full cycle are obtained. i ; The microcontroller (MCU) is based on the acquired N sampled voltages V i Obtain the root mean square voltage V of each phase rms The root mean square voltage V of each phase at the same input port rms Compare the voltages and the root mean square voltage V of either phase at the same input port. rms The root mean square voltage V of the remaining phases rms When the difference exceeds the first set threshold, it is determined that the input port has a phase loss; When there is no phase loss at the green energy input port and the mains input port, the d-axis component and rotation phase angle of the green energy input port and the mains input port are obtained based on the software phase-locked loop; The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent based on the sign of the d-axis component of the green energy input port and the mains input port. Specifically, if the d-axis components of the green energy input port and the mains input port have the same sign, the phase sequence of the green energy input port and the mains input port is consistent, and otherwise they are inconsistent. The microcontroller (MCU) determines whether the difference in the rotation phase angle between the green energy input port and the mains input port exceeds a second set threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, the phases of the green energy input port and the mains input port are consistent; otherwise, they are inconsistent.

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