Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that determines applicability of a model or a function; and a transmission unit that reports the applicability. When an association ID associated with a specific use case is not configured, the control unit assumes that specific properties are similar.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized for the purpose of achieving higher data rates, lower latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further increasing capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, it is being considered to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc.

[0006] Use cases for AI models include spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction and temporal DL beam prediction. Such beam prediction methods may also be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting) or AI-based beam management (BM). Other use cases include CSI prediction, CSI compression, AI-based positioning (UE positioning), and various life cycle management (LCM) applications.

[0007] However, there are cases where these specific details have not been adequately considered. If these considerations are insufficient, optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization may not be possible, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve communication throughput / communication quality.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure comprises a control unit that determines the applicability of a model or function, and a transmission unit that reports the applicability, wherein if no associated ID associated with a particular use case is set, the control unit assumes that certain properties are similar.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication throughput / communication quality can be improved.

[0011] Figure 1 shows a series of steps for reporting applicability. Figure 2 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 3 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 4 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 5 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (Consistency) In certain use cases of AI / ML technology, clarifying consistency is being considered to ensure a common understanding among different entities (e.g., UE and NW).

[0013] In this disclosure, consistency may represent an indicator that the type / characteristics of corresponding specific information / operations are consistent / the same / similar. For example, in this disclosure, "consistent" may mean "same" or "similar," such as the collected measurements (predicted values) showing the same (similar) data distribution characteristics (trends), or the measurement methods / transmission / reception methods of signals / channels (e.g., RS) being identical / similar.

[0014] Furthermore, in certain use cases of AI / ML technology, it is considered beneficial if the properties of a specific reference signal (which may also be called specific properties) are consistent.

[0015] Here, "property" may refer to spatial / beam properties, transmit / receive (RX / TX) properties, and path / sample detection / selection properties [for a specific reference signal]. It may also refer to implementation / operational information that the vendor does not wish to disclose.

[0016] <Consistency Instruction Methods According to Models for Each Entity> In each use case of AI / ML technology (e.g., positioning), associating a model with a deployment / scenario suitable for that model is necessary to maximize the performance of the model. On the other hand, NW / UE vendors are trying to avoid disclosing implementation information for the model (information regarding the identification of various input information for model training, such as beam mapping) as much as possible.

[0017] The following describes how to specify consistency according to the model for each entity. While positioning is used as an example, the method is not limited to this and can be applied to other use cases as well.

[0018] In this disclosure, consistency may mean consistency with respect to at least one of spatial / beam properties, receive (Rx) / transmit (Tx) properties, or path / sample detection / selection.

[0019] In this disclosure, the gNB side model, the LMF side model, and the NW side model may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0020] <<UE-side model>> The network (gNB / LMF) may guarantee / assure consistency to the UE. For example, the network (gNB / LMF) may set / provide / transmit a consistency ID / associated ID to the UE. This allows consistency to be guaranteed / assured without disclosing the gNB implementation.

[0021] <<gNB side model>> In UL positioning, the NW (gNB / LMF) instructs (sends instructions to) the UE to guarantee consistency. The UE complies with these instructions. This allows the UE to send RS (e.g., SRS) while guaranteeing consistency without disclosing its own implementation.

[0022] In DL positioning, the network (gNB / LMF) instructs (sends instructions to) the user audience (UE) to guarantee consistency. The UE complies with these instructions. This allows the UE to receive RS (e.g., PRS) while guaranteeing consistency without disclosing its own implementation.

[0023] <<LMF-side model>> In UL / DL positioning, the LMF instructs (sends instructions to) the UE / gNB to guarantee consistency. The UE / gNB complies with these instructions. This allows the UE / gNB to send / receive RS (e.g., SRS / PRS) while guaranteeing consistency without disclosing its own implementation.

[0024] In this disclosure, the applicable model may be any entity (UE / gNB / LMF) side model.

[0025] <Specific Examples of Consistency Instructions> For example, when a UE receives an RS / channel transmitted from a gNB, the NW (LMF / gNB) sets / instructs the UE to maintain consistency so that the UE can determine / understand / assume that the RS / channel is consistent.

[0026] The UE may apply specific assumptions about consistency based on the presence or absence of specific settings related to consistency (settings of parameters that indicate consistency).

[0027] If a parameter indicating consistency (consistency ID / consistency instruction) is set (enabled) in a specific configuration (configX), and / or a specific configuration ID (configID) is set / instructed by upper-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, the UE may assume at least one of the following for the RS / channel associated with that configuration:

[0028] For example, a UE can assume that the properties (which may also be called characteristics) of the RS / channel are consistent. Examples of characteristics are listed below.

[0029] (Assumptions related to gNB beams) For each resource / resource set associated with an RS / channel, the UE may assume that at least one of the following characteristics is consistent: - The spatial transmit filter applied. - Boresight (pointing) direction (horizontal axis / vertical axis). - Relative pointing direction / relationship of pointing directions between resources (e.g., angle of resource #1 < angle of resource #2 < angle of resource #3). - Beam shape (e.g., beam width). - Relative power. Relative power may be an angle-by-angle / beam-by-beam / TRP-by-TRP value. - QCL.

[0030] Each of the characteristics described above may be associated with a specific ID (consistency ID).

[0031] (Assumptions related to transmission from gNB) For each RS / channel associated with each resource / resource set, the UE may assume that at least one of the following characteristics is consistent: ・Doppler shift / Doppler spread / average delay / delay spread. ・TRP / antenna / antenna panel / RF chain (for example, the UE may assume that the RS / channel is transmitted by the same TRP / antenna / antenna panel / RF chain). ・Relative position / relative distance between multiple panels. ・Carrier / baseband frequency. ・Frame / subframe / signaling timing. ・TRP transmission TEG (TRP Tx TEG). ・gNB antenna spacing / transmitter layout.

[0032] Each of the characteristics described above may be associated with a specific ID (consistency ID).

[0033] (Specific Configuration (configX)) The specific configuration (configX) may be at least one of the following: • Reporting configuration. • Resource configuration. • Resource set configuration. Examples include NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData, NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerFreq, NR-DL-PRS-PositioningFrequencyLayer, NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerTRP, DL-PRS-Info, NR-DL-PRS-ResourceSet, and NR-DL-PRS-Resource. These specific parameters may also be called assistance data (information) [per frequency / per TRP]. • Location request information. • Location information. • Measurement information. More specifically, examples include NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation, NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation, and NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation.

[0034] (Consistency ID) The consistency ID may be at least one of the following: • Dataset ID. • Model ID. • Data collection configuration ID. • Reporting configuration ID. • Resource configuration ID. • Resource set configuration ID. Specifically, examples include dl-PRS-ID, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID, and nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID.

[0035] (Specific Configuration ID (configID)) The specific configuration ID (configID) may be at least one of the following: • Reporting configuration ID. • Resource configuration ID. • Resource set configuration ID. Specifically, examples include dl-PRS-ID, nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID, and nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID.

[0036] Note that specific settings (configX), consistency IDs, and specific configuration IDs (configID) are not limited to those listed above (e.g., existing parameters), and unique values ​​(parameters) related to consistency may be defined separately by the specification.

[0037] (Applicability) It is being considered that the UE (User Engineer) will determine the applicability of a model / function (applicable models / functions) and report it to the NW (Network).

[0038] In this disclosure, applicability may represent an indicator of whether a particular model / function is applicable or not.

[0039] <Determination / Judgment of Applicability> The UE may determine / judge the applicability of the model / function based on at least one of the conditions / rules shown in options 1 to 4 below.

[0040] <Option 1> The UE may determine the applicability of a model / feature based on performance-related KPIs (which may also be called performance KPIs). More specifically, the UE may determine the applicability of a model / feature based on whether the performance KPIs are greater than or less than a certain requirement (threshold).

[0041] The threshold value may be set / indicated by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be predefined by the specification.

[0042] The performance KPI may be set / indicated by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0043] The performance KPI may be calculated over a certain duration. For example, the average value of the performance over a certain period may be used as the performance KPI.

[0044] When the performance KPI is greater than a specific threshold value, the UE may determine / judge that the corresponding model / function is applicable. Also, when the KPI is less than a specific threshold value, the UE may determine / judge that the corresponding model / function is inapplicable.

[0045] <Option 2> The UE may determine / judge the applicability of the model / function based on the UE status (the state of the UE) shown in Options 2-1 to 2-4. - Overheating condition (Option 2-1), - Computational resources (Option 2-2), - Memory storage (Option 2-3), - Power battery (Option 2-4).

[0046] For example, the UE may compare with a specific threshold value regarding the statuses of Options 2-1 to 2-4 described above, and determine / judge the applicability of the model / function based on the result.

[0047] <Option 3> The UE may determine / judge the applicability of the model / function based on the assistance information received from the NW. For example, when the state / condition of the model / function matches the assistance information received from the NW, the UE may determine / judge that the model / function is applicable. The assistance information will be described later (for example, Option 1-4 in Embodiment 3-1).

[0048] <Option 4> The UE may determine / judge the applicability of a model / function based on sensing information (detection information). The sensing information may be any information (measurement value / detection value, etc.) detected by the UE, and for example, it may be L1-RSRP / SINR or information regarding the surrounding environment.

[0049] For example, when the state / condition of the model / function matches the sensing information, the UE may determine / judge that the model / function is applicable.

[0050] Regarding each of the above options, the UE may be set with upper layer parameters for determining whether to apply any of the options (whether to determine / judge the applicability of a model / function based on any of the options).

[0051] <Report on Applicability> The UE / NW may trigger / start reporting the applicability of a model / function based on specific conditions. For example, the UE may report the applicability based on a trigger from the NW (such as an instruction to start reporting).

[0052] <UE Operations when Reporting / Updating Applicability> When reporting / updating the applicability, the UE may perform at least one of the following operations.

[0053] <Option 1> The UE may set the information to be reported (the information to be the reporting target). Furthermore, the UE may apply at least one operation of Options 1-1 to 1-2.

[0054] [Option 1-1] The UE may set parameters based on applicability (for example, RRC parameters). The parameters may be associated with the factors for applicability described in Options 1 to 4 of the second embodiment.

[0055] For example, the above parameters may be a bit sequence where each bit corresponds to the applicability of a model / function. More specifically, one of the values of "0" / "1" may indicate applicability, and the other of "0" / "1" may indicate inapplicability.

[0056] [Option 1-2] The UE may decide whether or not to include the parameter in a particular information element (IE). For example, the UE may include the parameter in a particular information element if at least one of the following conditions 1 to 3 is met.

[0057] (Condition 1) The parameter is set according to option 1-1 described above. (Condition 2) At least one of the configurable models / functions is set. (Condition 3) At least one of the models / functions is activated / monitored.

[0058] If at least one of the above conditions 1 to 3 is not met, the UE does not need to include the parameter in a particular information element.

[0059] <Option 2> The UE may report at least one of the following pieces of information to the NW: - The parameters or specific information elements described in Option 1; - Information regarding applicability; - Information to identify the model / function to which the applicability is reported.

[0060] <Option 3> The UE may start a predetermined timer (which may be the same as the timer described above). If the timer is running, the UE may not be able to start an applicability update (applicability update).

[0061] (Related IDs) As mentioned above, support for related IDs is being considered. UEs may be assigned related IDs.

[0062] In beam management [the UE-side model], the association ID may refer to DL Tx beams, or similar properties of a set / list of beams, associated with the same association ID.

[0063] The association ID can be set at least within the CSI framework. The association ID may also be applied to other use cases.

[0064] The UE may assume (and control DL reception based on) DL Tx beams, or similar properties of sets / lists of beams, associated with the same related ID.

[0065] In this disclosure, the relevant ID may mean an ID that indicates a property [of a specific reference signal (channel / signal)] associated with a specific (optional) use case of the AI / ML technology.

[0066] (Applicability Reporting) As mentioned above, support for reporting the applicability of models / functions is being considered.

[0067] Figure 1 shows the sequence of steps involved in reporting applicability.

[0068] <Step #1> The network sends a message to the user regarding a UE Capability Enquiry to initiate the reporting procedure for the AI / ML capabilities that the user supports.

[0069] <Step #2> The UE sends a message to the NW regarding UE Capability Information. This message may include information about the capabilities supported by the UE.

[0070] <Step #3> The network provides the user with at least one of the following settings: - That the user is allowed to perform UAI (User AI) via other settings (OtherConfig). - Additional conditions on the network side. - Settings related to supported functions (e.g., inference settings).

[0071] Beyond the above, UE may have other settings configured (e.g., related IDs).

[0072] <Step between Steps #3 and #4> The UE may determine the applicable functionality based on at least one of the following: - Additional conditions on the NW side (if provided). - Additional conditions on the UE side (if known internally by the UE). - Models available within the device.

[0073] Beyond the above, the UE may determine applicable functions by considering other settings (e.g., inference settings).

[0074] <Step #4> The UE may report applicable features in at least one of the following scenarios: - When configured to provide applicable features and when the applicable features are changed via the UAI. - When responding to additional conditions on the NW side that require reporting of applicable features in Step #3.

[0075] <Step #5> The network may provide the user audience with settings related to supported features (e.g., inference settings).

[0076] For example, if inference settings based on supported features are not provided in step #3, the NW may provide the inference settings to the UE after the UE reports the applicable features.

[0077] In step #3, if inference settings based on supported features are provided, it is up to the NW implementation whether or not the NW provides the updated settings to the UE.

[0078] <Step #6> The corresponding function may be activated / deactivated / inferred / monitored.

[0079] (Analysis) In step #3 of the applicability (applicable models / functions) reporting procedure described above, the UE may be assigned a relevant ID from the NW.

[0080] Here, for example, if no associated ID is set for a UE, it is necessary to clarify how the UE will interpret / recognize a particular property.

[0081] Furthermore, there is room for debate as to whether support for related IDs should be mandatory or optional.

[0082] Thus, there may be cases where the provisions regarding reporting applicability have not been adequately considered.

[0083] If these considerations are insufficient, optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization may not be possible, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0084] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived a way to solve these problems.

[0085] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0086] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0087] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0088] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0089] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0090] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0091] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0092] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0093] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0094] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0095] In this disclosure, positioning may be interpreted interchangeably with location determination, location estimation, location prediction, etc. In this disclosure, KPI (Key Performance Indicator) and performance metrics may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, performance metrics calculation, model monitoring, and performance monitoring may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0096] In this disclosure, antenna port, subband, angle, and delay may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, NW, base station, gNB, and LMF may be interpreted interchangeably. LMF may be interpreted interchangeably with equipment (such as a server) that implements the LMF.

[0097] In this disclosure, terms such as encoder, encoding, encoding / encoded, modification / change / control by an encoder, compression, compression / compressed, generating, and generated / generated may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0098] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0099] In this disclosure, "sample-based" and "per sample" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Sample" and "sampling" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Path-based" and "per path" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "Information Element (IE)" and "Higher Layer" parameters may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "Transmission" and "Reporting" may be interpreted interchangeably. "Path" and "Additional Path" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0100] In this disclosure, gNB, LMF, NG-RAN, TRP, and base stations / RAN nodes that communicate with UE may be interpreted interchangeably. LMF is defined as one of the network function (NF) / management function entities for positioning provided in the core network, and performs communication control related to location information. LMF may be installed in any device on the core network. In this disclosure, LMF may simply be referred to as a positioning management function entity.

[0101] In this disclosure, the relevant entities are UE / gNB / LMF in order to describe the AI ​​model relating to communication between UE / NW (e.g., gNB / LMF), but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., UE-UE communication), the UE / gNB / LMF in the embodiments below may be read as a first UE, a second UE, a third, and so on. In other words, any UE / gNB / LMF in this disclosure may be read as any UE / gNB / LMF. Also, NW / base station (BS) / gNB / LMF / TRP may be read as one another.

[0102] Each entity (UE / gNB / LMF) may possess its own AI / ML model. The model possessed by each entity may be called the UE / gNB / LMF side model, etc. Positioning using each entity's model may be called UE / gNB / LMF-based positioning, etc.

[0103] In this disclosure, LPP [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between a UE and a positioning management function entity (e.g., LMF) present in the core network.

[0104] In this disclosure, RRC [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between the UE and the base station. RRC [signaling] may include LPP messages.

[0105] In this disclosure, NRPPa [signaling] may mean a communication protocol between a base station / RAN node and a positioning management function entity (e.g., LMF) present in the core network.

[0106] In this disclosure, signals, channels, information, information elements, parameters, data, messages, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0107] In this disclosure, the terms "initiation of reporting" and "trigger for reporting" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, the prediction results and monitoring outputs may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0109] In this disclosure, measurement, measurement, and measurement may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0110] (Wireless communication method) In this disclosure, AI / ML model, AI model, and simply model may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0111] In this disclosure, "AI model" may mean a data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0112] In this disclosure, Model ID may mean an identifier for a model (or set of models). Multiple models may be assigned the same Model ID in an actual deployment. In this case, these models may actually be different models (e.g., different number of layers, etc.) but may be treated as the same model.

[0113] In this disclosure, the model ID may be interpreted interchangeably with the metadata (or metadata set) ID. The metadata (or metadata ID) may be associated with information such as the applicability of the model / function, the environment, the UE / gNB settings, etc.

[0114] In this disclosure, the terms "functionality," "functionality," and "functionality" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0115] In this disclosure, the terms "model" and "function" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0116] In this disclosure, "functionality" may mean a UE function / feature based on the settings [for AI-enabled functionality].

[0117] For example, possible functions include CSI reporting (reporting of CSI prediction results / beam prediction results), measurement reporting (reporting of beam level / cell level predictions), and reporting of location information / measurements for AI-based positioning.

[0118] Furthermore, in this disclosure, functionality may mean the intended use of the model or the physical meaning of the model's inputs / outputs. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Based on functionality (for example, per functionality), monitoring (performance verification), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updates may be instructed (controlled).

[0119] In this disclosure, applicability may represent an indicator of whether a particular model / function is applicable or not.

[0120] In this disclosure, reporting the applicability of a model / function may be interpreted as reporting an applicable model / function. In other words, applicability and applicable models / functions may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0121] In this disclosure, "property" may mean spatial / beam properties, transmit / receive (RX / TX) properties, and path / sample detection / selection properties [for a specific reference signal]. It may also mean implementation / operational information that the vendor does not wish to disclose.

[0122] In this disclosure, property, property information, consistency ID, related ID, and applicability may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0123] UE / NW(gNB) may perform (control) the determination and reporting of the applicability of models / functions (applicable models / functions) and related operations (e.g., measurement / prediction / reporting / transmission / reception) by applying the various provisions described above and the embodiments shown below.

[0124] The network (NW) may configure / provide the UE with settings / instructions, etc., for the UE to perform / control the above operations. The UE may perform the above operations based on the settings / instructions configured / provided by the network (NW). The network (NW) may receive the applicability transmitted / reported by the UE.

[0125] Each embodiment of this disclosure clarifies the applicability of models / functions. As a result, further improvements in communication throughput and quality can be expected.

[0126] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to the interpretation of UE for a specific property when an associated ID has not been set.

[0127] In this disclosure, certain properties may mean, in addition to (or instead of) the properties of the Downlink Transmit (DL Tx) beam / beam set / list.

[0128] <<Aspect 1-1>> If no associated ID is set for the UE, the UE may apply at least one of the following optional actions:

[0129] Note that the related ID may also be the related ID for resource settings / resource set settings / reporting settings.

[0130] Additionally, the following may be added as conditions for applying the following optional behavior: • If the UE is configured to report applicability (applicable models / features).

[0131] (Opt1) The UE may assume that the DL Tx beams / beam sets / lists have similar properties for the corresponding resources / resource sets. In other words, the UE may assume that the DL Tx beams / beam sets / lists have similar properties for the corresponding resources / resource sets.

[0132] ((Opt1-1)) Until the related ID is set, the UE may assume that the similar property is similar.

[0133] For example, if the state changes from "Related ID not set" to "Related ID set," the UE can assume that the properties are different (the properties are different).

[0134] ((Opt1-2)) The UE may assume that a similar property exists (that the property is similar) until a different related ID is set from one previously set.

[0135] For example, if the state changes from "Related ID not set" to "Related ID set," the UE may assume that similar properties exist for these two states (that the properties are similar).

[0136] ((Opt1-3)) UE can be assumed to be the same as the property of a specific related ID (for example, related ID = 0).

[0137] (Opt2) The UE does not need to assume that the DL Tx beams / beam sets / lists have similar properties to the corresponding resources / resource sets. In other words, the UE does not need to assume that the DL Tx beams / beam sets / lists have similar properties to the corresponding resources / resource sets.

[0138] Whether to apply any of the above options may depend on the UE capability, which may be the feasibility of applicability determination without setting the associated ID.

[0139] <<Aspect 1-2>> As described above, the specific properties may refer to spatial / beam properties, transmit / receive (RX / TX) properties, path / sample detection / selection properties, as well as DL Tx beam / beam set / list properties.

[0140] Here, in addition to the above, the following can be given as examples of specific properties: • Spatial / beam properties include TxRU (transceiver unit) mapping, [down] tilt angle, etc.

[0141] <<Aspect 1-3>> For example, within a particular upper-layer signaling (RRC parameter), there may be fields that are mandatory depending on specific conditions.

[0142] As mentioned above, it may be possible to choose whether the related ID should be mandatory or optional depending on the conditions (e.g., capabilities). In other words, the related ID may be conditionally mandatory.

[0143] For example, if a UE does not report its ability to determine applicability without a related ID, the UE can expect that a related ID will be set. For example, if a UE is configured to report applicability, it can expect that a related ID will be set for resource settings / resource set settings / reporting settings.

[0144] In other words, if the UE does not have the ability to determine / judge applicability without the relevant ID, then the relevant ID may be required.

[0145] This embodiment clarifies the provisions regarding the applicability of models / functions. As a result, UEs can appropriately control the reporting of applicability.

[0146] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0147] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0148] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0149] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0150] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0151] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0152] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0153] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0154] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0155] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0156] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0157] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS (NW / gNB / LMF / NG-RAN), specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0158] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: • Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; • Supporting consistency / applicability / relevant ID instruction / reporting; • Supporting any use case of AI / ML technology.

[0159] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0160] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0161] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0162] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure: [Note 1] A terminal having a control unit that determines the applicability of a model or function, and a transmission unit that reports the applicability, wherein if no association ID associated with a particular use case has been set, the control unit assumes that a particular property is similar. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit assumes that the particular property is similar until the association ID has been set. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit assumes that the particular property is similar until an association ID different from a previously set association ID has been set. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein if the terminal does not report the ability to determine the applicability without the association ID, and is configured to report the applicability, the control unit expects that the association ID will be set for a particular setting.

[0163] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0164] Figure 2 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0165] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0166] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0167] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0168] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0169] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0170] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0171] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0172] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0173] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0174] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0175] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0176] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0177] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0178] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0179] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0180] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0181] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0182] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0183] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0184] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0185] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0186] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0187] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0188] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0189] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0190] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0191] (Base Station) Figure 3 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0192] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0193] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0194] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0195] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0196] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0197] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0198] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0199] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0200] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0201] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0202] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0203] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0204] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0205] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0206] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0207] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0208] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0209] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0210] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive the applicability of the model or function determined by the terminal. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit settings relating to an associated ID associated with a specific use case in order to determine the applicability.

[0211] (User Terminal) Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0212] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0213] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0214] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0216] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0217] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0220] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0222] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0224] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0225] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0226] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0227] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0228] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0229] The control unit 210 may perform at least a part of the processing of the control unit as described above.

[0230] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least a part of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit as described above.

[0231] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0232] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0233] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0234] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0235] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0236] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0237] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0238] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0239] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0240] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0241] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0242] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0243] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0244] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0245] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0246] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0247] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0248] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0249] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0250] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0251] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0252] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0253] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0254] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0255] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0256] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0257] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0258] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0259] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0260] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0261] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0262] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0263] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0264] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0265] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0266] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0267] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0268] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0269] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0270] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0271] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0272] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0273] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0274] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0275] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0276] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0277] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0278] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0279] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0280] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0281] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0282] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0283] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0284] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0285] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0286] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0287] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0288] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0289] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0290] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0291] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0292] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0293] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0294] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0295] Figure 6 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0296] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0297] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0298] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0299] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0300] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0301] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0302] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0303] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0304] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0305] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0306] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0307] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0308] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0309] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0310] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0311] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0312] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0313] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0314] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0315] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0316] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0317] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0318] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0319] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0320] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0321] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0322] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0323] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0324] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0325] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0326] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0327] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0328] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0329] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0330] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-193044, filed on November 1, 2024. All of its contents are included here.

Claims

1. A terminal having a control unit that determines the applicability of a model or function, and a transmission unit that reports the applicability, wherein if no associated ID associated with a particular use case is set, the control unit assumes that certain properties are similar.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit assumes that the specific properties are similar until the associated ID is set.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit assumes that the specific property is similar until a different association ID from the previously set association ID is set.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein if the terminal does not report the ability to determine applicability without the associated ID, and is configured to report applicability, the control unit expects the associated ID to be set for a particular setting.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal having the steps of determining the applicability of a model or function, and reporting the applicability, wherein if no associated ID associated with a particular use case is set, the terminal assumes that certain properties are similar.

6. A base station having a receiving unit that receives the applicability of a model or function determined by a terminal, and a transmitting unit that transmits settings relating to an associated ID associated with a specific use case in order to determine the applicability.

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