Real estate blockchain platform system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a Real Estate Blockchain Platform System, which consists of a digital real estate system utilizing blockchain technologies as the foundational infrastructure linking all components. Through this platform, all real estate information is processed on a decentralized, integrated environment. The invention includes registration and verification where digital registration is the first step in the current invention. After a user registers, the system becomes accessible; once the user's identity is verified, they can log in to the system. After properties are registered on the system, a real estate tokenization process is performed, converting the property into digital tokens that can be traded.

Description

[0001] Real Estate Blockchain Platform System

[0002] Background of the Invention

[0003] The current invention is a digital real estate platform system operating on blockchain technology to enable documentation, evaluation, financing, and real estate trading in a decentralized, integrated environment. Through this platform, a property can be converted into digital shares (tokens) linked to smart contracts, allowing partial buying and selling and more precise governance. The platform comprises several main units, including:

[0004] Aggregated Real Estate Data Unit: A unit that collects real estate information from various sources (government agencies or internal databases). It then applies a normalization mechanism to standardize the data, creating a unified real estate record.

[0005] Advanced Analytical Evaluation Unit: An evaluation unit that uses an internal algorithm blending environmental and financial factors and subsequent transaction data. It produces a tokenized value index reflecting the divisibility or mortgageability of the property. This index is recorded in a central database and indicates the property’s fractionalization potential.

[0006] Tokenization and Segmentation Unit: A unit aimed at converting the property into digital shares (tokens) and managing them via smart participatory contracts. This ensures no duplicate ownership or conflicting sales transactions, taking into account the valuation ratio determined by the evaluation unit.

[0007] Conditional Smart Contracts Unit: A unit of smart contracts that are condition-based, allowing the execution of various contracts linked to different phases (such as mortgage or trading). The smart contract verifies the integrity of the valuation, the validity of user data, and the user’s financial suitability before permitting progression to the next phase. Comprehensive Encryption and Security Unit: A unit overseeing the protection of the shares and transactions via end-to-end encryption and cryptographic hash functions for authentication. It distributes private keys to fractional owners, making it impossible to alter or cancel transactions without their consent.

[0008] Financial Integration and Legal Compliance Unit: A unit that links loans or mortgages to user accounts and performs multilayer AML / KYC checks before accepting any financing or share purchase. It enforces compliance with financial regulations.

[0009] Profit Management and Outputs Unit: A unit for receiving rental yields or proceeds from share trading, then calculating each share’s entitlement to profits based on the real estate index. It issues reports and distributes profits to users via an interactive interface.

[0010] The closest existing technologies (prior art) are as follows:

[0011] 1. U.S. Document No. 2B11244413US (dated 8 / 2 / 2022): This document describes a blockchain-based system for creating a real estate investment platform in which property is converted into non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The idea focuses on enabling individuals to purchase small fractions of a property through these tokens without needing to own the entire property, opening real estate investment to those with limited budgets. The first document addresses issues like the high cost of real estate by allowing fractional ownership. It uses NFTs to represent property shares, so investors can trade portions of properties. However, it has drawbacks: it is difficult to record transactions while eliminating the intermediary role, even though it uses smart contracts for automation. There are flaws in its implementation because it does not provide a strong linkage with official authorities or banks to ensure document verification or to execute mortgages or refinancing. It also lacks a comprehensive model for profit distribution or managing the governance of partial ownership — it simply treats the tokenized shares as tradable in a digital market. The first document’s basic idea is converting property to tradable cryptographic tokens. By contrast, the present invention solves these problems by building an integrated platform that merges official government and banking documentation processes with the management of smart contracts. This includes real estate tokenization that enables dividing ownership into shares, handling mortgages and refinancing, and allocating profits, all tracked automatically. The current invention provides a more robust link with regulatory compliance, ensuring data integrity and proper evaluation mechanisms before transactions (such as verifying title documents or guarantees prior to trading). Indian Document No. A202411017646IN (dated 12 / 3 / 2024): The second document describes a system focused on solving the problem of record forgery and lack of transparency in transferring real estate ownership. This system uses a blockchain ledger to record real estate transactions to prevent tampering, where each transaction is linked to the previous one via a consensus mechanism. Transactions are stored in a decentralized ledger such that each new entry is validated across multiple nodes. While this model succeeds in reducing fraud and improving transaction speed, it does not provide a mechanism for fractional ownership, nor does it incorporate financing entities or support trading those shares on exchanges. It lacks a clear model for profit distribution among stakeholders; its role is largely confined to recording ownership and securing a decentralized ledger. The present invention improves upon this by linking the blockchain with smart contracts in a more comprehensive manner. It enables converting a property or part of it into tradable shares with profit or revenue distribution (for instance, rental income or resale gains). The invention adds verification mechanisms that include financial and governmental data, allowing processes like mortgage or partial sale under legal and banking standards. It orchestrates every step (registration, distribution of shares, etc.), and even rejects transactions if a required condition is missing, using a dedicated smart contract unit that ensures all conditions are met before execution. Indian Document No. A202211007241IN (dated 10 / 2 / 2022): The third document relies on blockchain technology to facilitate documenting real estate transactions and storing them in an immutable ledger distributed across many nodes. It uses smart contracts to automate the transfer of ownership once legal conditions are fulfilled. The system employs biometric authentication and digital signatures to verify party identities and ensures that once all legal conditions are met, the ownership transfer is executed automatically. However, this system focuses only on documenting and transferring ownership and does not present a holistic economic framework. It lacks features for refinancing, partial mortgages, or forming investment funds, and it does not support trading fractional ownership shares in financial markets. The system mainly ensures decentralized record-keeping and legal compliance, but it remains limited in scope - for example, it doesn’t provide mechanisms for profit management or share repurchase, and it doesn’t integrate with external investors or financial markets for fractional shares. The current invention offers a comprehensive solution: it allows conversion of a property (or a portion of it) into digital shares that are tradable, integrates financing and investment entities, and provides mechanisms for distributing returns or facilitating buy-back of shares. Moreover, it presents a model that integrates with real estate markets, stock exchanges, and official lenders like banks (if needed), thereby achieving a more complete transformation of the real estate sector. The invention’s platform incorporates partial mortgage functionality and places the smart contract system and micro-consensus mechanism at the core, ensuring all operations are secure through persistent digital verification on the blockchain. In summary, the prior art systems each focus on certain aspects (like fractional investment via NFTs, secure record-keeping via blockchain, or automated transfer via smart contracts), but they lack a unified, comprehensive platform. They do not manage the multiple economic facets such as integrated financing, partial mortgaging, profit distribution, or listing of properties in markets, nor do they explicitly integrate with government registries and banking systems. These gaps are overcome by the present invention through a set of integrated units: a governmental registry linkage that ties the blockchain to official records, an advanced valuation unit to determine returns and property eligibility, a consolidated data unit to ensure consistency, a comprehensive security unit to prevent tampering, and conditional smart contracts that automatically execute financing, share distribution, profit allocation, or transaction rejection when conditions are not met. The result is a holistic blockchain real estate platform that links all these functions, thereby providing a radical improvement in transparency, efficiency, and flexibility in real estate transactions.

[0012] General Description of the Invention

[0013] The present invention is a Real Estate Blockchain Platform, designed in an integrated manner (and compatible with Islamic Sharia principles) to transform real estate assets from traditional, low-liquidity assets into digital tokens that are freely tradable. The platform aims to allow investors of various categories to own partial shares of real estate without needing to purchase an entire property. This benefits developers, banks, and government entities by providing a secure and transparent record of transactions.

[0014] The invention distinguishes itself from prior techniques, most of which were limited to simple title registration or issuing non- fungible tokens without offering a comprehensive financing model or real integration with exchanges or official entities. While other systems focus merely on storing contracts or tokenizing property, the current system provides a comprehensive environment. It features an automatic internal algorithm for partial segmentation of property assets and manages smart contracts that handle all stages - registration, tokenization, trading, mortgaging, and refinancing - in an integrated manner.

[0015] The platform includes an advanced evaluation mechanism that continuously (e.g., every 15 minutes) updates a real estate index by analyzing market data alongside environmental and financial factors. The system is deeply integrated with KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) standards, and it connects to official databases to authenticate title deeds and ownership documents and to verify users of the platform.

[0016] By doing so, the current invention goes beyond prior systems that were confined to documenting ownership or executing only limited transactions in a closed loop. It leverages a conditional smart contract unit and a comprehensive security unit to eliminate fraud risks and human errors, permitting the management of profits and property shares in full compliance with financial regulations. Every stage of a real estate transaction is verified - starting from property registration and user identity verification, through presenting the asset as digital shares and trading it on real estate exchanges and financial markets, to mortgaging or refinancing, and finally distributing profits to shareholders. This elevates the real estate sector to a new level of transparency, speed, and flexibility, achieving a fundamental transformation compared to previous systems, which did not offer all these functions in a single platform.

[0017] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1: Detailed schematic of the invention’s operation mechanism (system architecture and process flow).

[0019] Figure 2: Detailed schematic of the stages of operation (illustrating seven use-case scenarios of the invention).

[0020] Detailed Description The following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying figures, illustrates the structure and operation of the Real Estate Blockchain Platform System (1). In Figure 1, the real estate platform (system (1)) is built on a blockchain infrastructure (2) which serves as the core foundation. Four functional process tracks are integrated into the platform: registration (2a), transfer (2b), financing (2c), and trading (2d). The system operates as follows:

[0021] User Registration and Account Setup: The process begins by creating a digital account in the security unit (5b). The user (13) submits a request to register and is required to undergo identity verification. Through the government integration gateway (6), a Know-Your-Customer (KYC) procedure is invoked. The platform calls a sanctioned party check via a central bank- approved sanctions API (Sanctions API Check), such as an OF AC list verification, to ensure the user is not on any prohibited list. The user’s provided identity data is automatically checked: a face recognition algorithm is executed with 97% accuracy, and optical character recognition (OCR) is performed on uploaded documents. The user’s identity is cross-verified with the national registry, and only once the KYC is passed does the system activate the user’s account. If any verification fails, a rejection block (“Block Reject”) is created as a tamper-proof record, and the account is not activated. Upon successful verification, the user’s digital account (14) is activated, granting the user access to subsequent services. All steps of this registration phase (5) are fundamental; the system will not allow the user (13) to proceed to any subsequent service until verification is complete. During this phase, the system (1) may also utilize an external service provider via an encrypted API to perform the KYC checks, ensuring compliance with financial regulations and AML laws. Once the account is active, the user (13) can then access the platform’s functionalities.

[0022] Property Registration and Title Verification: After account activation, the user is permitted to list real estate assets (17) on the platform. The user (13) uploads the property documents (18), such as the title deed and a survey certificate (property area map), to the Aggregated Real Estate Data Unit (3). The system automatically conducts a property documentation verification: it checks the authenticity of the title deed by comparing the document’s digital signature with the keys of the official Notary Authority in the government database (15). Each document is assigned a cryptographic hash (e.g., an SHA-256 hash of the document) and stored immutably on the blockchain ledger as proof of authenticity. The property’s location data is extracted (e.g., GPS coordinates with five-meter accuracy, information about surrounding public services within a 500 m radius, etc.) and recorded alongside the property entry. The system compares the new property listing against reference data - for example, it crosschecks the property’s details with a reference price-per-square- meter model to ensure consistency. If the title deed cannot be matched or any discrepancy is found (for instance, missing information or mismatch in records), a rejection block is generated with a logged reason, and ownership is not transferred to the platform’s registry. Assuming the documents are verified, the property (18) becomes officially registered on the platform (1) with a unique identifier, and a tokenization preparation can commence.

[0023] Pre-Tokenization Evaluation (Initial Valuation): Once the property is registered, the system performs an initial valuation of the asset. The platform invokes an advanced valuation service (Valuation Service) to calculate a preliminary value indicator for the property. This valuation takes into account multiple factors: environmental data (e.g., average noise level in decibels (dB), air quality index (AQI), annual temperature deviation) and financial metrics (e.g., sector liquidity coefficient, price-per-square-meter growth rate, rental yield, comparable sales transactions). In one embodiment, an algorithm such as XGBoost (an advanced machine-learning regression algorithm) is employed to feed these factors and produce a detailed valuation result. The output of the algorithm is a set of computed values which are compiled into a JSON structure and then sealed with a hash for integrity. This dynamic real estate index value is recorded on the blockchain (in an oracle contract (7) called Oracle Price) by storing a hash of the valuation (valuationHash) in a designated field. The valuation process runs continuously, updating every 15 minutes, so that the index remains current with market conditions. After this initial valuation, the system proceeds to ensure the property is free of encumbrances: it sends two synchronous verification requests via standard SOAP APIs - one to the land registry (Title Verify) to confirm there are no liens or restrictions on the title, and another to the financing bank (Status Lien) to check for any outstanding mortgages on the property. The results of these checks are returned in real-time and logged on-chain as a verification log (Log verification) associated with the property entry. If any encumbrance is found, the process may halt or require resolution before continuing.

[0024] Real Estate Tokenization: With the property verified and valued, the platform proceeds to tokenize the asset. The Tokenization Unit (3) converts the property (18) into a set of digital tokens that represent shares of the property. Before minting tokens, the platform ensures consensus among the network’s validating nodes: a micro-consensus mechanism requires that at least 66% of the blockchain nodes approve the tokenization transaction within a minimum period of 3 seconds, to maintain network agreement (this is part of the blockchain infrastructure's consensus protocol). After at least the minimum required nodes confirm, the smart contract in the tokenization unit (3) executes the minting function. For example, the system might create 1,000 fractional tokens conforming to the ERC-721 standard (each token representing a fraction of the property). The smart contract function (e.g., mintFractionalShares(uint256 ratio, ...)) mints these tokens, each token encoded with metadata such as the ownership ratio and a reference to the valuation hash. These resulting property tokens (3b) are uniquely identified (e.g., token IDs), and a mapping (parcel ID token IDs) is published in the smart contract (4) to link the physical property to its digital tokens. At this stage, the property has been successfully converted into digital assets (3a), which are recorded immutably on the blockchain ledger. The tokenization is irrevocable and tamper-proof - once tokens are created, they cannot be altered except through consensus of the network, ensuring the integrity of the asset’s representation. If any condition for tokenization is not met (for example, if consensus threshold is not reached or a critical verification was missed), the system triggers the Block Reject mechanism to halt the process and log the failure reason without creating any tokens.

[0025] Initial Offering and Exchange Listing: After tokenization, the system prepares to enable trading of the new tokens. The smart contracts (4) automatically set up the contractual conditions for sale, purchase, profit distribution, etc. related to these tokens. For an initial offering, the platform calls an exchange listing API - for instance, it sends a request to the connected real estate exchange via an Exchange_ListOn API to list the tokens on the marketplace. The smart contract includes a function (e.g., Conditions_validate) that will validate each prospective trade against predetermined conditions before execution. One such condition is a price guard: the contract ensures that any token sale price does not deviate by more than ±2% from the current index value for the property. Another condition is a ownership concentration limit: no single entity is allowed to acquire more than 49% of the total shares of the property. If a buyer’s order would violate these conditions (e.g., price out of range or exceeding the ownership cap), the transaction is automatically blocked and a Block Reject event is created on-chain to log the violation, without transferring ownership of any token. Once the tokens are successfully listed, they become available for trading on the authorized platforms.

[0026] Automated Trade Execution and Settlement: The platform now allows tokens to be traded on connected financial markets and digital trading platforms, as well as approved real estate exchanges. When an investor places an order to buy or sell tokens (shares of the property), the pre-registered brokers or intermediaries on the platform can manage these listings through a dedicated dashboard. The smart contract (4) automatically matches buy and sell orders (order matching) and executes trades without human intervention. Every executed sale or purchase agreement is recorded on the blockchain with a timestamp, and the ownership records are instantly updated. Specifically, the token ownership change triggers an update in the government land registry through the integration gateway (6), ensuring that the official registry reflects the new partial ownership status of the property tokens. This integration with the land registry provides legal recognition of the token ownership transfers. The approach of automated matching and instant registry update greatly expands the investor base and enables transactions to be completed quickly and without paperwork. The smart contracts govern all these operations, relying on the established rules. The result is a precise and rapid execution of trades, with minimal risk of manipulation or delay, since the system enforces conditions and settlements in real-time.

[0027] Integration with Financial Institutions (Mortgage & Loan Services): The system (1) is integrated with banks and financial institutions via standardized interfaces (e.g., ISO 20022 APIs) to facilitate mortgage financing and loans against the tokenized assets. For example, when tokenized assets are to be used as collateral, the platform coordinates with external lenders. The smart contracts (4) allow certain automated financial operations — e.g., conditionally granting a loan secured by the property tokens (18) once specific criteria are met. The system verifies in real time that all conditions (such as collateral value ratio) are satisfied and then communicates with the bank’s systems to disburse the loan amount. Conversely, when a user attempts to list a property token for sale that is linked to a loan, the smart contract will check the payment status and tie into the integrated financial systems to ensure no sale is completed without addressing the outstanding loan. This tenth step establishes a comprehensive environment for all transactions by linking to governmental bodies (e.g. land registry, real estate authority, capital market authority) and banking systems. Through these integrations, the platform verifies the legitimacy of documents and the validity of ownership in every transaction, creating an all- encompassing environment for real estate transactions.

[0028] Continuous Trading and Smart Monitoring: Once the tokens are listed, they are immediately tradable on financial markets, digital trading platforms connected to the system, and certified real estate exchanges. The token representing the property (3a, which originated from the asset (18)) becomes instantly liquid — it can be bought and sold in real time. The platform tracks all trading activity via the public real estate token registry to ensure transparency and maintain accurate records. The smart contract system monitors each trade for compliance with the agreed terms and regulatory requirements. In the eleventh stage, when a user engages in trading, they must agree to certain terms and conditions for trading (7), including automated trading rules, to ensure adherence to the regulatory framework. The system (1) monitors trading operations and documents them on the public ledger in coordination with external entities (6) such as the real estate exchange, thereby providing high transparency. Investors gain sufficient liquidity through partial or full sales while the platform ensures all transactions remain within legal bounds. In the twelfth stage, listing on a real estate exchange is finalized so that the assets (tokens) can be traded across financial and real estate markets as soon as tokenization is complete. The real estate asset (3c, the tokenized property) thus becomes immediately tradable (7) at the moment of tokenization, and all its transactions are tracked on the public ledger in real time.

[0029] Financing and Refinancing Services: The platform (1) provides integrated financing (10a) and refinancing (lO)services for the tokenized assets. All financing and refinancing operations are fully automated via smart contracts (4) and can be tracked in realtime on the public ledger, ensuring transparency. For instance, an owner can use their tokenized asset shares as collateral to obtain instant liquidity without giving up ownership of the property. The system supports a feature (a collateral lock) in which a user (13) may mortgage either the entire property or a portion of it by locking the corresponding tokens as collateral. When the user initiates a mortgage on their holdings, the smart contract lockcollateral is invoked, which freezes the specified tokens and marks them as pledged in the blockchain records (via a lienStatus mapping). The tokens remain frozen (not tradable) until the debt is repaid, at which point they are automatically released. The contract (4) enforces all mortgage conditions: it ensures that loan terms like interest rates and repayment schedules are embedded, and it monitors the coverage ratio of the collateral continuously. For example, the system may require that the collateral (the tokenized shares) maintain a minimum coverage of 120% of the loan value as measured by the live index. The platform keeps track of the index daily and will issue alerts if the coverage ratio falls below a certain threshold (e.g., 110%). In such a case, the smart contract automatically issues a margin call alert to the borrower via the dashboard, prompting them to add collateral or repay a portion within, say, 7 business days. If the user fails to restore the collateral ratio, the contract triggers an automatic partial liquidation of the tokens — selling, for instance, 10% of the pledged tokens — to reduce the loan and improve the ratio. Every step of the financing process (loan issuance, repayment schedule, due dates, etc.) is recorded on the immutable ledger. When repayment is completed in full, the system automatically unlocks the lien, updates the ledger to show the mortgage release (publishing an event to confirm the partial lien removal), and frees the tokens so they become tradable again. All these actions occur without human intervention, under the governance of the micro-consensus to ensure no unilateral execution happens without all requisite approvals.

[0030] Real Estate Marketing and Project Development: In another usecase, the platform facilitates real estate marketing and development management. After each individual real estate unit (property) is evaluated by the advanced algorithm, it can be tokenized as described. For project development, multiple tokenized properties can be grouped. For example, a development company (the property developer) can deploy a specialized smart contract (referred to as a DevFund contract) to pool several tokenized properties (say four properties) into a single development portfolio. This portfolio could be structured as a new digital fund. When the developer wants to raise capital for the project, the platform creates an escrow account for the fund. The system calls the bank's API to create an escrow (Create Escrow API), establishing a segregated escrow account linked to the project. The DevFund contract's identifier is recorded on- chain and tied to the fund's metadata structure. Next, the developer opens the funding round: the contract emits an OpenedFunding event with a target amount (for example, 5 million SAR). Investors can then subscribe to this fund by sending contributions. Each investor's contribution is recorded in a mapping of backers (e.g., backers[address] with their contributed amount). The subscribe function (e.g., subscribe(uint256 amount)) transfers the contributed amount into the escrow account and stores a proof of payment (like a receipt hash, SHA-256) on-chain. Meanwhile, the financing bank verifies the value of the underlying tokens: the platform invokes a TokenValuationCheck function to ensure the combined market value of the pooled assets exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., 125% of the capital target). The bank's verification report is written to a field (bankReportHash) in the contract. Once the funding goal is reached, a finalization process begins. The smart contract performs a triple verification sequence to finalize the funding (finalizeFunding function). All relevant parties — the developer, the bank, and major token holders (those holding more than 5% perhaps) — sign off on the terms. Through the micro-consensus mechanism, once the required signatures are collected, the escrow contract releases the capital. The raised capital is unlocked and transferred, and simultaneously the property tokens in the fund are transferred to the project's construction wallet address, effectuating the investment. Ownership is adjusted accordingly and the escrow is marked Released. If secondary financing is needed later, the system supports optional partial mortgaging of the fund's tokens. A function like lockPartial(uint256 percent) can be invoked to temporarily freeze a portion of the fund's units and treat them as collateral for additional loans. This will update a partial Lien record with loan details, and those units cannot be traded until released. All such actions adhere to microconsensus rules to prevent any unilateral changes without required consents. The development project thus leverages the platform for efficient fundraising and investment management, with all investor subscriptions and fund distributions handled through the smart contracts.

[0031] Real Estate Investment Funds and Trusts: The sixth scenario enabled by the platform is the creation of Real Estate Investment Funds or endowments (Auqaf) using tokenized assets. The system can aggregate a portfolio of tokenized real estate assets (3) and form them into a single investment fund token. For example, a collection of tokenized properties can be combined into one fund represented by an ERC-20 token with a total of one million fund units. The Profit Unit (11) (profit management module) oversees the subscription of investors to this fund and manages the fund’s operations. The fund’s smart contract automatically distributes operational profits whenever realized (whether from rental income or capital gains) on a quarterly basis, proportional to each investor’s unit holdings. All subscriptions and distributions are recorded on-chain; when profits are distributed, the system logs the event and updates each shareholder’s balance in the fund’s ledger. Payouts are sent directly to the digital wallets of the fund participants. The fund’s structure allows flexibility in investor participation: new investors can join or existing ones can exit by redemption. The smart contract permits minting new units or burning units upon withdrawal, while ensuring the fund’s asset-to-cash balance remains stable. This automated management provides a seamless mechanism to grow the fund or let investors liquidate, all within the rules encoded in the contract. Encouraging Foreign Investment: The seventh scenario addresses the attraction of foreign investment into the real estate platform. International investors are allowed to open accounts (14) on the platform after passing enhanced KYC procedures. These procedures include verifying passports and checking international compliance / watch-lists, in addition to the standard verifications. Each foreign investor’s account is linked to a specialized intermediary smart contract that enforces certain restrictions. One key restriction is a foreign ownership limit: no foreign investor may own more than 49% of the total tokens of any given property. The platform implements these ownership limits to ensure regulatory compliance with national foreign investment laws. When a foreign investor places a buy order for property tokens, the smart contract (4) automatically checks the legal limit before execution. If the purchase would cause the investor to exceed the allowed percentage, the contract prevents the trade and triggers a Block Reject event, logging that the legal limit would have been breached. If the conditions are satisfied, the smart contract proceeds to coordinate with the land registry gateway (6) to complete the ownership transfer to the foreign investor, just as with domestic trades. All such foreign investment transactions rely on the micro-consensus mechanism as well, adding an extra layer of validation. Every instruction or critical action is digitally signed using a P-256 ECDSA signature by the relevant parties. Private keys for these signatures are securely stored in hardware security modules (physical security units), and no transaction will execute unless all required conditions and party signatures are present. The network time across nodes is synchronized to within ±50 milliseconds to ensure consistency of the ledger and prevent timing attacks. Through these measures, the platform guarantees compliance and security while opening up the system to foreign investors in a controlled manner.

[0032] Use-Case Scenarios Summary: Figure 2 illustrates seven operational use-case scenarios derived from the base platform described in Figure 1. These scenarios, which involve various stakeholders (users (13) as sellers and buyers, banks, brokers, investors, and developers), correspond to the examples described above and are each associated with the respective claim elements in the claims section.

[0033] The seven scenarios presented are: (1) Ownership fragmentation and tokenization of real estate, (2) Real estate crowd-investment contributions, (3) Providing liquidity through tokenization of equity, (4) Real estate marketing and automated project financing, (5) Refinancing of tokenized assets, (6) Creation of real estate investment funds or endowments, and (7)Attraction of foreign investment. Each scenario demonstrates a facet of the platform’s capabilities, and all are enabled by core components such as the conditional smart contracts (4), the micro -consensus mechanism, and the partial mortgage system at the heart of the platform (1). Together, they maintain the security and integrity of operations through permanent digital cryptography and verification on the blockchain ledger.

Claims

Claims (Elements of Protection)1. A real estate platform system based on blockchain, comprising: a blockchain infrastructure configured to record every real estate transaction in an immutable ledger, by means of a two -level consensus protocol that requires approval of not less than 66% of the nodes within a period of at least 3 seconds before adding any new block to the chain; smart contracts programmed to execute operations of registration, transfer, financing, and trading according to specified conditions; an aggregated real estate data unit linked to a national registry, for authenticating ownership documents and assigning each a digital hash for verification; a government and banking integration gateway (6) for connecting the system to official verification authorities and payment systems, wherein verification processes are carried out in two successive layers: a first layer that automatically matches biometric identity data with a national registry, and a second layer that performs an external check against international compliance watch-lists via a standard banking API - the digital account privileges are not activated unless both layers of KYC / AML verification are successful; secure digital user accounts provisioned with cryptographic keys stored in a physical security module, to conduct transactions through a graphical user interface; and a dynamic real estate price index that is updated periodically (e.g., every 15 minutes) by an automated algorithm, integrating live market data with environmental and financial factors.

2. The system according to Claim 1, wherein the smart contract includes a self-executing escrow mechanism, suchthat an amount equal to a transaction value is held in a linked bank account until the conditions for ownership transfer are fulfilled, and the amount is released automatically once those conditions are met without human intervention.

3. The system according to Claim 1, further comprising a partial mortgage of digital assets, wherein a specified portion of the digital ownership tokens is frozen as collateral for a loan. The smart contract employs an automatic mechanism to monitor the collateral coverage ratio, issuing an alert for margin top-up or triggering automatic liquidation of part of the tokens if the coverage falls below 110% of the value of the mortgaged asset.

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