Display panel and manufacturing method therefor, backlight module and manufacturing method therefor, display module, and display device

Abstract

A display panel (PN) and a manufacturing method therefor, a backlight module and a manufacturing method therefor, a display module, and a display device. The display panel (PN) comprises a first substrate (100) and a second substrate (200) that are arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer (300) arranged between the first substrate (100) and the second substrate (200), and a color film layer (220); the color film layer (220) is located on the side of the second substrate (200) close to the first substrate (100), and the color film layer (220) comprises a plurality of color resist blocks (2200) arranged in an array; the first substrate (100) comprises a first surface (101) and a second surface (102); the first surface (101) is the surface of the first substrate (100) facing away from the second substrate (200), and the second surface (102) is the surface of the first substrate (100) close to the second substrate (200); the first surface (101) is provided with a plurality of groove structures (110), the plurality of groove structures (110) include a plurality of first groove structures (1101), the orthographic projections of the plurality of first groove structures (1101) on the second surface (102) overlap with the orthographic projections of the plurality of color resist blocks (2200) on the second surface (102), the width of each first groove structure (1101) is less than or equal to the width of the corresponding color resist block (2200), and the length of the first groove structure (1101) is greater than or equal to the length of the corresponding color resist block (2200). In this way, the brightness of the display panel (PN) can be enhanced.

Description

Display panels and backlight modules, manufacturing methods thereof, display modules and display devices Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to a display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, a backlight module and a method for manufacturing the same, a display module, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Commercial display devices, such as those used in supermarkets and transportation systems, are often applied in outdoor or semi-outdoor environments where ambient light is strong. To ensure the display module's performance, its brightness needs to be increased. Due to the influence of parameters such as resolution and color gamut, this goal is currently mainly achieved by increasing the brightness of the backlight.

[0003] Existing methods for improving backlight brightness mainly involve increasing the current or increasing the number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). While these methods effectively increase brightness, they also significantly increase the power consumption of the display module, contradicting the sustainable development concept of energy conservation and emission reduction. Furthermore, as system power consumption increases, the heat generated by the display module also increases, posing a serious problem for display devices used in outdoor environments, as higher temperatures can affect the lifespan of the display module.

[0004] Some solutions also involve adding optical films, which also increases the module's power consumption and carbon emissions, contradicting the development principles of energy conservation, emission reduction, and carbon neutrality. Increased power consumption not only leads to increased heat generation in the display module but also further shortens its lifespan.

[0005] In summary, while existing technologies can improve the brightness of display modules, they also face problems such as increased power consumption, increased heat generation, and increased costs, making it difficult to meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A display panel is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a color filter layer located on the side of the second substrate near the first substrate, the color filter layer comprising a plurality of color resist blocks arranged in an array, the first substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being the surface of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate, the second surface being the surface of the first substrate near the second substrate, the first surface being provided with a plurality of groove structures, the plurality of groove structures including a plurality of first groove structures, the orthographic projection of the plurality of first groove structures on the second surface overlapping the orthographic projection of the plurality of color resist blocks on the second substrate, the width of the first groove structure being less than or equal to the width of the color resist block, and the length of the first groove structure being greater than or equal to the length of the color resist block.

[0007] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the height of the first recess structure is greater than 30 μm, and / or the first recess structure includes a first refractive surface, the first refractive surface having a first acute angle with the first surface, the first acute angle being greater than or equal to 22° and less than or equal to 37°.

[0008] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first refractive surface includes a planar portion and an arcuate portion connected to each other, the arcuate portion being located on the side of the planar portion away from the second surface, the planar portion being tangent to the arcuate portion, and / or the radius of curvature of the arcuate portion being greater than or equal to 29 μm and less than or equal to 150 μm.

[0009] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first groove structure is strip-shaped, and / or, the orthographic projection of one of the color resist blocks on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projections of a plurality of the first groove structures on the second surface.

[0010] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a plurality of data lines extending along the Y direction and arranged along the X direction, and a plurality of gate lines extending along the X direction and arranged along the Y direction. The plurality of data lines and the plurality of gate lines are located on the side of the first substrate close to the second substrate. The extension direction of the first groove structure is parallel to the extension direction of the gate lines or the extension direction of the data lines, or the extension direction of the first groove structure has a first angle with the extension direction of the gate lines or the extension direction of the data lines, wherein the first angle is 30 degrees to 60 degrees.

[0011] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixel units arranged in an array, the area of ​​the sub-pixel unit projected onto the second surface is a first area, the area of ​​the first groove structure projected onto the second surface is a second area, and the ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than 30%.

[0012] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines located on the side of the first substrate near the second substrate, and a light-shielding structure located on the side of the second substrate near the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface covers the orthographic projection of the plurality of data lines and the plurality of gate lines on the second surface. The plurality of groove structures includes a second groove structure parallel to the first groove structure, wherein the width of the second groove is smaller than the width of the light-shielding structure and larger than the width of the data lines or larger than the width of the gate lines.

[0013] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the height of the second recess structure is greater than 50 μm, and / or the second recess structure includes a second refractive surface, the second refractive surface having a second angle with the first surface, the second angle being greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°.

[0014] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the inner wall of the second groove structure is provided with a reflective layer.

[0015] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the area of ​​the second recess structure projected onto the second surface is a third area, the area of ​​the light-shielding structure projected onto the second surface is a fourth area, and the ratio of the third area to the fourth area is greater than 11.5%.

[0016] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the height of the second recessed structure is greater than the height of the first recessed structure, and / or the bottom wall of the second recessed structure includes at least one of a planar structure and a wave structure.

[0017] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the plurality of recessed structures including a third recessed structure, the orthographic projection of the third recessed structure on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the peripheral area on the second surface, and the inner wall of the third recessed structure is provided with a reflective layer.

[0018] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area, the plurality of recessed structures including a third recessed structure, the orthographic projection of the third recessed structure on the second surface overlapping the orthographic projection of the peripheral area on the second surface, the third recessed structure being configured to satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the height of the third recessed structure is greater than 50 μm; the third refractive surface of the third recessed structure has a third angle with the first surface, the third angle being greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°; the bottom wall of the third recessed structure includes at least one of a planar structure and a wave structure.

[0019] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the panel further includes: a polarizer that contacts the first surface; an adhesive structure that bonds the polarizer and the first surface; the adhesive structure being located within the groove structure, or the adhesive structure being located within the groove structure other than the first groove structure.

[0020] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines located on the side of the first substrate near the second substrate, and a light-shielding structure located on the side of the second substrate near the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface covers the orthographic projections of the plurality of data lines and the plurality of gate lines on the second surface. The plurality of recessed structures includes a second recessed structure parallel to the first recessed structure, wherein the adhesive structure is located within the second recessed structure. Alternatively, the display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The plurality of recessed structures includes a third recessed structure parallel to the first recessed structure. The orthographic projection of the third recessed structure on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the peripheral area on the second surface, wherein the adhesive structure is located within the third recessed structure.

[0021] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one adhesive layer is further comprising: a polarizer incident on the light-incident side, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, the plurality of second portions being filled with a medium having a refractive index less than that of the plurality of first portions, and / or having a refractive index less than 1.2.

[0022] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel includes a pixel electrode located on the side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second portion on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode on the second surface.

[0023] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect, the plurality of first portions are equally spaced along the first direction and the second direction, and / or the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is a first dimension, the first spacing is equal to the first dimension, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is a second dimension, and the second spacing is equal to the second dimension.

[0024] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, the size of the first portion along the first direction is a first size, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, the size of the first portion along the second direction is a second size, the first spacing and the second spacing are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, and the first size and the second size are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

[0025] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one optical film is further comprising: at least one optical film located on the light-incident side of the polarizer, wherein the at least one adhesive layer comprises a first adhesive layer located on the side of the at least one optical film close to the first substrate, and the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film.

[0026] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one optical film is located on the light-incident side of the polarizer, the at least one optical film includes at least one prism sheet and at least one diffuser plate, the at least one adhesive layer includes a second adhesive layer located between the at least one prism sheet and the at least one diffuser plate, the refractive index of the second adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the prism sheet and less than the refractive index of the diffuser plate.

[0027] In a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of prism structures are provided on the surface of the prism sheet opposite to the second adhesive layer, and the orthographic projection of one of the plurality of prism structures on the diffuser plate overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of second portions on the diffuser plate.

[0028] A backlight module is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: a diffuser and at least one optical film, and a second adhesive layer for bonding the diffuser and the at least one optical film, the second adhesive layer comprising a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, the plurality of second portions being filled with a medium having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions, and / or the refractive index of the medium being less than 1.2.

[0029] In a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive index of the medium is less than the refractive index of the diffuser and less than the refractive index of the optical film, and / or the refractive index of the first portion is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film and less than or equal to the refractive index of the at least one optical film.

[0030] In a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the first direction and the second direction intersect, the plurality of first portions are equally spaced along the first direction and the second direction, and / or the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is a first dimension, the first spacing is equal to the first dimension, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is a second dimension, and the second spacing is equal to the second dimension.

[0031] In a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, the size of the first portion along the first direction is a first size, the spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, the size of the first portion along the second direction is a second size, the first spacing and the second spacing are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, and the first size and the second size are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

[0032] A display module is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, including any of the backlight modules described above and a display panel, wherein the light-emitting side of the backlight module and the light-incident side of the display panel are opposite to each other.

[0033] A display device is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, including the display module described above.

[0034] According to at least one embodiment of this disclosure, a display module for a splicing screen is provided, including a backlight module and a display panel, wherein the light-emitting side of the backlight module and the light-incident side of the display panel are opposite to each other, the display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, at least one optical film and an adhesive layer, the at least one optical film is located on the light-incident side of the display panel, the adhesive layer is located on the side of the at least one optical film close to the first substrate and adheres to the at least one optical film, the adhesive layer includes a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, the plurality of second portions being filled with a medium, the refractive index of the medium being less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions and less than the refractive index of the at least one optical film, the backlight module includes a back plate and an optical component, the optical component is located on the light-incident side of the display panel, the back plate includes a first support surface and a second support surface located on the light-incident side of the display panel, the display panel is located on the first support surface, and the optical component is located on the second support surface.

[0035] A method for manufacturing the above-described display panel is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: preparing a first initial substrate and a second substrate; performing a patterning process on a surface of the first initial substrate opposite to the second substrate to form the first substrate having the plurality of groove structures; assembling the first substrate and the second substrate together; and injecting the liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0036] In a method for manufacturing a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: disposing a mask on one side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided, the mask including a main body portion that blocks pixel electrodes and exposes a light-shielding structure; applying an adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is located within the second groove structure; removing the mask to leave the adhesive layer located within the second groove structure; and attaching a polarizer to the side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided.

[0037] A method for manufacturing the backlight module described above is provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising: preparing the diffuser sheet; covering the main surface of the diffuser sheet with a printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board includes a plurality of hollow structures spaced apart from each other; applying an adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is located within the hollow structures and forms the plurality of first portions separated from each other; removing the printed circuit board to leave the plurality of first portions; attaching at least one optical film to the side of the plurality of first portions away from the diffuser sheet; and curing the plurality of first portions.

[0038] In the display panel provided in this embodiment, the brightness of a set area of ​​the display panel can be adjusted without adding optical film or changing power consumption. Furthermore, since no additional prism sheet is required, costs can be reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0042] Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE;

[0044] Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE;

[0045] Figure 1F is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE;

[0046] Figure 1G is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 1H is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1G along section line HH;

[0048] Figure 1I is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1G along section line HH;

[0049] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 2C is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 2D is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 2E is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figures 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams of the cross-sectional structures corresponding to each pixel electrode and different numbers of first groove structures;

[0055] Figures 4A to 4D show the light path diagrams when light passes through the groove structure;

[0056] Figure 5 shows the brightness curves of display panels with and without conventional prisms;

[0057] Figure 6 shows the simulation results of brightness gain and viewing angle for different values ​​of a under the backlight with the above emission angle;

[0058] Figure 7A is a partial schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE;

[0059] Figure 7B is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the first groove structure in Figure 7A;

[0060] Figure 8 shows the simulation results of brightness gain and viewing angle for different R values ​​under different conditions;

[0061] Figure 9A shows the brightness curves of the display panel when the second included angle of the second groove structure is 75° and when there is no groove structure.

[0062] Figure 9B is a graph showing the effect of light intensity on leakage current.

[0063] Figure 10 is a partial schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE;

[0064] Figure 11 is a brightness curve of a display panel based on some embodiments of the present disclosure, obtained from a physical test.

[0065] Figure 12 is a brightness curve of a display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 13A is a brightness curve of a display module;

[0067] Figure 13B is a brightness curve of a display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mask used in the above method;

[0069] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0070] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0071] Figure 17A is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0072] Figure 17B is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0073] Figure 17C is a top view of an adhesive layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] Figure 17D is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0075] Figure 17E is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0076] Figure 17F is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD;

[0077] Figure 18A is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a backlight module;

[0078] Figure 18B is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another backlight module;

[0079] Figures 19A and 19B show the optical path diagrams of the prism sheet in both fully bonded and unbonded states.

[0080] Figure 20 shows the test results of relative brightness and viewing angle when the prism sheet is fully attached and when it is not attached.

[0081] Figure 21A is a top view of a second adhesive layer of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0082] Figure 21B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the backlight module shown in Figure 21A along section FF;

[0083] Figure 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the backlight module according to the present disclosure;

[0084] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing the above-mentioned backlight module structure;

[0085] Figure 24 shows the test results of the relative brightness and viewing angle of the prism sheet under different conditions;

[0086] Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0087] Figure 26 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0088] Figure 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0089] Figure 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0090] Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0091] Figure 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0092] Figure 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0093] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a splicing screen according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0094] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the splicing screen shown in Figure 32 along section line GG. Detailed Implementation

[0095] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0096] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” indicate only relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positional relationship will also change accordingly.

[0097] Some embodiments of this disclosure include a display panel comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first surface, which is the surface of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate, and the first surface is provided with a plurality of groove structures.

[0098] In the display panel according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of groove structures are formed on the first surface of the first substrate of the display panel. In some examples, the groove structures can adjust the light entering from the first surface of the first substrate, thereby allowing brightness adjustment of a set area of ​​the display panel without increasing optical film material or changing power consumption. In areas requiring high brightness, the groove structures can increase brightness; in areas where high brightness is not required, the groove structures do not increase brightness or may even decrease brightness. Furthermore, since no additional prism sheet is needed or power consumption needs to be increased, costs can be reduced. In some examples, the groove structures can also be used to accommodate adhesive structures, facilitating the adhesion of other film layers to the first substrate and reducing the overall thickness of the display panel.

[0099] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0100] Figure 1A is a planar structural schematic diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1B is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD.

[0101] As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the display panel PN includes a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.

[0102] In some examples, as shown in FIG1B, the first substrate 100 may be a substrate of a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate (hereinafter referred to as a TFT substrate); the second substrate 200 may be a substrate of a color filter substrate. Thin-film transistors and other circuitry for driving sub-pixel units of the display panel to display, i.e., pixel driving circuitry, are formed on the side of the first substrate 100 facing the liquid crystal layer 300. A color filter layer 220 is formed on the side of the second substrate 200 facing the liquid crystal layer 300. The color filter layer 220 includes color blocks 2200 for filtering the light emitted by each sub-pixel unit, so that the corresponding sub-pixel unit displays the corresponding color. The color filter layer 220 includes a plurality of color blocks 2200 arranged in an array. However, embodiments according to this disclosure are not limited to this; the first substrate may also be a substrate of a color filter substrate, the second substrate may be a substrate of a TFT substrate, and the color filter layer may be disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. In some examples, both the first substrate and the second substrate may be glass substrates.

[0103] As shown in Figures 1A and 1B, the first substrate includes a first surface 101, which is the surface of the first substrate 100 facing away from the second substrate 200 (i.e., the lower surface of the first substrate 100 in Figure 1). The first surface 101 is provided with a plurality of groove structures 110. The figures schematically show that the cross-sectional shape of the groove structure is triangular; however, this is not a limitation of the embodiments disclosed herein. In some examples, the groove structure can be any of the groove structures mentioned below. In some examples, the groove structure can be at least one of the following: a display area groove structure, a peripheral area groove structure, a first groove structure, a second groove structure, and a third groove structure.

[0104] In the display panel according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of groove structures are formed on the first surface of the first substrate of the display panel. In some examples, the groove structures can adjust the light entering from the first surface of the first substrate, thereby allowing brightness adjustment of a set area of ​​the display panel without increasing optical film material or changing power consumption. In areas requiring high brightness, the groove structures can increase brightness; in areas where high brightness is not required, the groove structures do not increase brightness or may even decrease brightness. Furthermore, since no additional prism sheet is needed or power consumption needs to be increased, costs can be reduced. In some examples, the groove structures can also be used to accommodate adhesive structures, facilitating the adhesion of other film layers to the first substrate and reducing the overall thickness of the display panel.

[0105] In some examples, as shown in FIG1B, the display panel PN also includes a polarizer 600 located on the side of the second substrate 200 away from the first substrate 100, the polarizer 600 being attached to the second substrate 200 by an optical adhesive layer 500.

[0106] In some examples, as shown in FIG1B, the display panel further includes a polarizer 700 and an adhesive structure 801. The polarizer 700 contacts the first surface 101, and the adhesive structure 801 bonds the polarizer 700 and the first surface 101. The adhesive structure 801 is located within the groove structure 110. FIG1B schematically shows that the adhesive structure 801 is present in part of the groove structure 110, but this is not a limitation on the embodiments of this disclosure. In some examples, the adhesive structure may be present in part of the groove structure, or it may be present in the entire groove structure.

[0107] In some examples, the aforementioned groove structure is formed by removing a portion of material from the first surface of the first substrate. In some examples, the material removal can be achieved through an etching process.

[0108] Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1D is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE. As shown in Figures 1C and 1D, the display panel PN includes a display area AB and a peripheral area C surrounding the display area AB. A plurality of recessed structures 110 include a plurality of display area recessed structures 110AB located in the display area AB and a plurality of peripheral area recessed structures 110C located in the peripheral area C. The figures schematically show that the cross-sectional shape of the display area recessed structures 110AB and the peripheral area recessed structures 110C is triangular; however, this is not a limitation of the embodiments of the present disclosure. In some examples, the display area recessed structure may be the first recessed structure and the second recessed structure mentioned below. In some examples, the peripheral area recessed structure may be the third recessed structure mentioned below.

[0109] In this example, the display area has a display area recessed structure, and the peripheral area has a peripheral area recessed structure. Different recessed structures can be set according to the needs of the display area and the peripheral area to achieve corresponding effects. In some examples, the display area recessed structure can increase the brightness of areas in the display area that require high brightness, or decrease the brightness of non-displaying areas of the display area, and can also be used to accommodate adhesive structures. In some examples, the peripheral area recessed structure can be used to decrease brightness or accommodate adhesive structures.

[0110] Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE. As shown in Figures 1C and 1E, the first substrate 100 further includes a second surface 102, which is the surface of the first substrate 100 adjacent to the second substrate 200. The display panel PN also includes a pixel electrode PE, which is located on the side of the first substrate 100 adjacent to the second substrate 200. The plurality of display area recess structures 110AB includes a first recess structure 1101, and the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first recess structure 1101 on the second surface 102.

[0111] In this example, the pixel electrode of the display panel roughly defines the display area of ​​the sub-pixel unit where the pixel electrode is located. The first groove structure corresponds to the pixel electrode. By setting the structural features of the first groove structure, it can converge the light entering from the first surface of the first substrate, thereby improving the brightness of the display panel without increasing optical film material and power consumption. Therefore, this display panel and the display module using this display panel have the advantages of high brightness, wide viewing angle, and low power consumption. In addition, since no additional prism sheet is needed, the cost can also be reduced.

[0112] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1E, the height h1 of the first groove structure 1101 is greater than 30 μm. In some examples, the height h1 can be 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements, which will not be listed here.

[0113] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1E, the first groove structure 1101 includes a first refractive surface 11011, which forms a first acute angle α1 with the first surface 101. This first acute angle α1 is greater than or equal to 22° and less than or equal to 37°. In some examples, the first acute angle α1 can be 25°, 28°, 31°, 35°, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements; these will not be listed individually here.

[0114] Figure 1F is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE. As shown in Figures 1C and 1F, the display panel PN also includes a light-shielding structure BM, which is located on the side of the second substrate 200 near the first substrate 100. The display area recess structure 110AB also includes a second recess structure 1102, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 overlapping with the orthographic projection of the second recess structure 1102 on the second surface 102.

[0115] In this example, the light-shielding structure of the display panel roughly defines the non-display area between two adjacent sub-pixel units in the display area. The light-shielding structure blocks light between sub-pixel units and prevents crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixel units. The second groove structure corresponds to the light-shielding structure. By setting the structural features of the second groove structure, the first groove structure will not converge light entering from the first surface of the first substrate, and the second groove structure will not increase the brightness of the area where the light-shielding structure is located; it may even reduce the brightness of that area. The second groove structure can also be used to accommodate the bonding structure, facilitating the adhesion of other film layers to the first substrate and reducing the overall thickness of the display panel.

[0116] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1F, the height h2 of the second groove structure 1102 is greater than 50 μm. In some examples, the height h2 can be 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements; these will not be listed here. By making the height of the second groove structure greater than 50 μm, the bonding strength between the polarizer and the first substrate can also be ensured.

[0117] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1F, the second groove structure 1102 includes a second refractive surface 11021, which has a second included angle α2 with the first surface 101. The second included angle α2 is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°. In some examples, the second included angle α2 can be 80°, 85°, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements. These will not be listed here.

[0118] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1F, the height h2 of the second groove structure 1102 is greater than the height h1 of the first groove structure 1101. The second groove structure can be used to accommodate the adhesive structure. The greater the height of the second groove structure, the more adhesive structures it can accommodate. This not only ensures the adhesive strength, but also, due to the minimum size limitation of the adhesive structure thickness, a greater height of the second groove structure ensures that the adhesive structure can be completely contained within the second groove structure without overflowing, thus avoiding adverse effects on other areas.

[0119] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1F, the color filter layer 220 includes color blocks for filtering the light emitted by each pixel, so that the corresponding pixel displays the corresponding color. The figure schematically shows that the color filter layer 220 includes a red color block 221, a green color block 222, and a blue color block 223. These are merely examples of color combinations; other color combinations may be included for color display, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0120] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1F, a low-refractive-index material such as air can be disposed within the first groove structure 1101. In some examples, the medium filling the first groove structure 1101 has a refractive index lower than that of the material of the first substrate, thereby achieving a better light-focusing effect. In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filling the first groove structure 1101 is less than 1.2. In some examples, the medium filling the first groove structure 1101 is air, thereby further improving the light transmittance of the display area.

[0121] In some examples, as shown in FIG1F, the display panel further includes a polarizer 700 and an adhesive structure 801. The polarizer 700 contacts the first surface 101, and the adhesive structure 801 bonds the polarizer 700 and the first surface 101. In some examples, the adhesive structure 801 may be located within the second recess structure 1102. In some examples, the adhesive structure 801 may be located within the peripheral area recess structure 110C. The figures schematically show adhesive structures 801 within both the second recess structure 1102 and the peripheral area recess structure 110C, but this is not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. The location of the adhesive structure within the second recess structure and / or the peripheral area recess structure facilitates the bonding of other film layers to the first substrate, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the display panel.

[0122] In some examples, the bonding structure can be an optical adhesive.

[0123] Figure 1G is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1H is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1G along section line HH. As shown in Figures 1G and 1H, the display panel PN includes a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, and a color filter layer 220. The color filter layer 220 is located on the side of the second substrate 200 closer to the first substrate 100, and the color filter layer 220 includes a plurality of color resist blocks 2200 arranged in an array. The first substrate 100 includes a first surface 101 and a second surface 102. The first surface 101 is the surface of the first substrate 100 that is away from the second substrate 200, and the second surface 102 is the surface of the first substrate 100 that is close to the second substrate 200. The first surface 101 is provided with a plurality of groove structures 110, and the plurality of groove structures 110 include a plurality of first groove structures 1101. The orthographic projection of the plurality of first groove structures 1101 on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of color resist blocks 2200 on the second surface 102.

[0124] In some examples, as shown in 1G and 1H, the width L of the first groove structure 1101 is less than or equal to the width S1 of the color resist block 2200. The figures schematically show that the width L of the first groove structure 1101 is equal to the width S1 of the color resist block 2200. However, this disclosure does not limit this, and the width L may also be less than the width S1. See the specific embodiments below for details. Figure 1I is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel shown in Figure 1G along section line HH. As shown in Figures 1G and 1I, the display panel PN includes multiple data lines DT and multiple gate lines GT located on the side of the first substrate 100 near the second substrate 200 (see Figure 2D or Figure 2E below for details), and a light-shielding structure BM located on the side of the second substrate 200 near the first substrate 100. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 covers the orthographic projection of the multiple data lines DT and the multiple gate lines GT on the second surface 102. Figure 1I only shows that the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 covers the orthographic projection of multiple grid lines GT on the second surface 102. Along another direction perpendicular to the section line HH, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 covers the orthographic projection of multiple data lines on the second surface 102, which will not be described in detail here.

[0125] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1I, the plurality of groove structures 110 include a second groove structure 1102 parallel to the first groove structure 1101. The width of the second groove structure 1102 is smaller than the width of the light-shielding structure BM and larger than the width of the gate line DT. In some examples, the width of the second groove structure 1102 is larger than the width of the data line.

[0126] In some examples, as shown in Figure 1I, the display panel PN includes a display area AB and a peripheral area C surrounding AB. A plurality of recessed structures 110 include a third recessed structure 1103 parallel to a first recessed structure 1101, the orthographic projection of the third recessed structure 1103 onto the second surface 102 overlapping the orthographic projection of the peripheral area C onto the second surface 102.

[0127] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For clarity, only the pixel electrode, light-shielding structure, and groove structure of the pixel unit are shown in the figure to highlight their relative positional relationship in the planar view. As shown in Figure 2A, the display area of ​​the display panel PN includes a plurality of sub-pixel units 11, which are arranged along a first direction X and a second direction Y to form a two-dimensional array. Each sub-pixel unit 11 includes a pixel electrode PE, and each pixel electrode PE corresponds to one sub-pixel unit 11. For ease of representation, the distinction between the sub-pixel unit 11 and the pixel electrode PE of the sub-pixel unit 11 is not made here. The pixel electrode PE in the figure is only used to schematically show the positional relationship with the groove structure and does not limit the shape of the pixel electrode PE, etc. In some examples, the sub-pixel unit 11 in Figure 2A includes red pixel units, green pixel units, and blue pixel units. The number, color, and arrangement of the pixel units in the figure are schematic, and the pixel units according to the present disclosure may have other numbers, colors, and arrangements. As can be seen in Figure 2A, a light-shielding structure BM is provided between multiple sub-pixel units 11 to block light between pixel units and prevent crosstalk between adjacent pixel units. The groove structure 110 is schematically shown in Figure 2A with thick solid lines.

[0128] In some examples, as shown in FIG2A, the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE of each sub-pixel unit 11 onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one first groove structure 1101 onto the second surface 102. FIG2A schematically illustrates the overlap between the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE of each sub-pixel unit 11 onto the second surface 102 and the orthographic projections of two first groove structures 1101 onto the second surface 102. Of course, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto. The number of first groove structures corresponding to each pixel electrode can be set according to factors such as the size of the sub-pixel unit or the light-gathering effect of the first groove structure.

[0129] In some examples, the display panel PN shown in Figure 2A is cut along a cutting surface parallel to the second direction Y. The resulting cross-sectional structure can be seen in Figure 1E, which will not be described again here.

[0130] In some examples, as shown in Figure 2A, the display panel PN includes a plurality of sub-pixel units 11 arranged in an array. The area of ​​the sub-pixel unit 11 projected onto the second surface 102 is a first area, and the area of ​​the first groove structure 1101 projected onto the second surface 102 is a second area. The ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than 30%. In some examples, the first area is the total area of ​​the projected sub-pixel units 11 onto the second surface 102, and the second area is the total area of ​​the projected sub-groove structures 1101 onto the second surface 102. The specific ratio of the first area to the second area can be set according to design requirements, manufacturing process, and pixel unit arrangement to meet product requirements.

[0131] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2B, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second groove structure 1102 on the second surface 102. At least one second groove structure 1102 is provided between two adjacent sub-pixel units 11. Figure 2B schematically shows a second groove structure 1102 provided between two adjacent sub-pixel units 11. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this respect. The number of second groove structures between two adjacent sub-pixel units can be set according to factors such as the size between two adjacent sub-pixel units.

[0132] In some examples, as shown in FIG2B, the peripheral area C may also be provided with a peripheral area groove 110C. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the number of peripheral area grooves 110C. For example, the peripheral area may be provided with multiple peripheral area grooves.

[0133] In some examples, as shown in Figure 2B, the area of ​​the second groove structure 1102 projected onto the second surface 102 is the third area, and the area of ​​the light-shielding structure BM projected onto the second surface 102 is the fourth area. The ratio of the third area to the fourth area is greater than 11.5%. In some examples, the third area is the total area of ​​the projected surfaces of all the second groove structures 1102 on the second surface 102, and the fourth area is the total area of ​​the projected surfaces of the light-shielding structures BM on the second surface 102. The specific ratio of the third and fourth areas can be set according to design requirements, manufacturing processes, and pixel unit arrangement to meet product requirements.

[0134] In some examples, the display panel PN shown in Figure 2B is cut along a cutting surface parallel to the second direction Y. The resulting cross-sectional structure can be seen in Figure 1F, and will not be described again here.

[0135] In some examples, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the orthographic projection of a first groove structure 1101 onto the second surface 201 overlaps with the orthographic projection of multiple pixel electrodes 11 onto the second surface 201. This facilitates the fabrication of the groove structure, reduces processing costs, and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the display panel.

[0136] In some examples, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, multiple sub-pixel units 11 are arranged along a first direction X to form multiple pixel unit columns U1, and multiple sub-pixel units 11 are arranged along a second direction Y to form multiple pixel unit rows U2. The orthographic projection of each pixel unit column U1 onto the second surface 201 overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one first groove structure 1101 onto the second surface 201. The orthographic projection of one first groove structure 1101 onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projections of multiple sub-pixel units 11 (or pixel electrodes PE) of the pixel unit column U1 onto the second surface 102. This facilitates the fabrication of the groove structure, reduces process costs, and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the display panel. The figures schematically show the overlap between the orthographic projection of each sub-pixel unit 11 (or pixel electrode PE) onto the second surface 201 and the orthographic projections of two first groove structures 1101 onto the second surface 201, and the overlap between the orthographic projection of each pixel unit column U1 onto the second surface 201 and the orthographic projections of two first groove structures 1101 onto the second surface 201. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to this. Each sub-pixel unit (or pixel electrode PE) can also be configured to correspond to 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or other first groove structures. Each pixel unit column can also be configured to correspond to 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or other first groove structures 1101.

[0137] In some examples, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the orthographic projection of a first groove structure 1101 onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of each sub-pixel unit 11 (or pixel electrode PE) of the pixel unit column U1 onto the second surface 102. This facilitates the fabrication of the groove structure, reduces process costs, and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the display panel.

[0138] In some examples, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the orthographic projection of each sub-pixel unit 11 (or pixel electrode PE) onto the second surface 201 is approximately rectangular. The long side of the rectangular shape of the sub-pixel unit 11 (or pixel electrode PE) is set along the first direction X, and the groove structure 110 also extends along the first direction X. In this example, the extending direction of the groove structure 110 is the same as the direction of the long side of the sub-pixel unit or pixel electrode, which can better improve the light focusing efficiency of the entire display panel, thereby saving power consumption and improving display brightness.

[0139] In some examples, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, the groove structure 110 extends along a first direction X, and a plurality of groove structures 110 are arranged sequentially along a second direction Y. However, embodiments according to this disclosure are not limited to this structure; the groove structures 110 may also extend along the second direction Y and be arranged sequentially along the first direction X.

[0140] Figure 2C is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2C, the length of the first recessed structure 1101 is greater than or equal to the length S1 of the color resist block 2200. The figure schematically shows that the length of the first recessed structure 1101 extends along a first direction and overlaps with a plurality of color resist blocks 2200 in the first direction X, and the length of the first recessed structure 1101 is greater than the length S1 of the color resist block 2200. In some examples, the length of the first recessed structure may also be equal to the length of the color resist block. In some examples, as shown in Figure 2C, the orthographic projection of the plurality of first recessed structures 1101 on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of color resist blocks 2200 on the second surface 102.

[0141] In some examples, as shown in FIG2C, the orthographic projection of each color resist 2200 on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one first groove structure 1101 on the second surface 102. FIG2C schematically shows the overlap of the orthographic projection of each color resist 2200 on the second surface 102 with the orthographic projections of two first groove structures 1101 on the second surface 102. Of course, this disclosure is not limited to this, and the orthographic projection of one color resist 2200 on the second surface 102 may overlap with the orthographic projections of multiple first groove structures 1101 on the second surface 102. The number of first groove structures corresponding to each color resist can be set according to factors such as the size of the color resist or the light-gathering effect of the first groove structure.

[0142] In some examples, as shown in Figure 2C, the first groove structure 1101 is strip-shaped.

[0143] Figure 2D is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2D, the display panel includes a plurality of data lines DT extending along a first direction X and arranged along a second direction Y, and a plurality of gate lines GT extending along the second direction Y and arranged along the first direction X. The plurality of data lines DT and the plurality of gate lines GT are located on the side of the first substrate 100 near the second substrate 200. The extension direction of the first groove structure 1101 is parallel to the extension direction of the data lines DT. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this respect.

[0144] In some examples, the extension direction of the first groove structure may also be parallel to the extension direction of the grid line.

[0145] Figure 2E is a schematic diagram of another planar structure of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2E, the extending direction of the first groove structure 1101 has a first angle θ with the extending direction of the gate line GT, and the first angle θ is 30 degrees to 60 degrees. In some examples, the value of the first angle θ can be 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0146] In some examples, the angle can also be the angle between the extension direction of the first groove structure and the data line, which will not be elaborated here.

[0147] In some examples, the first angle θ is 45 degrees. Therefore, the area where the first groove structure 1101 intersects with the sub-pixel unit is maximized, resulting in a larger amount of light and better light efficiency.

[0148] Figures 3A to 3C are schematic cross-sectional views of each pixel electrode corresponding to different numbers of first groove structures. As shown in Figure 3A, the orthographic projection of a pixel electrode PE on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of a first groove structure 1101 on the second surface 102; that is, one pixel electrode PE corresponds to one first groove structure 1101. The width L of a first groove structure 1101 along the second direction Y can be approximately the same as the dimension D of the pixel electrode PE along the second direction Y.

[0149] In some examples, as shown in Figures 3B and 3C, the width L of a first groove structure 1101 along the second direction Y can be smaller than the dimension D of the pixel electrode PE along the second direction Y. If the value L is less than the value D, it can be set to satisfy NL = D (corresponding to Figure 3B) or NL + L / 2 = D (corresponding to Figure 3C). N is a positive integer, representing the number of first groove structures corresponding to each pixel electrode.

[0150] In some examples, the dimension D of the pixel electrode PE along the second direction Y in Figures 3A, 3B and 3C is the same as the dimension D in Figures 2A and 2B, and the width L of the first groove structure 1101 along the second direction Y is the width of the slot of the first groove structure 1101.

[0151] In some examples, in addition to concentrating light to enhance brightness, the recessed structure of the display panel according to embodiments of this disclosure can also be designed with other parameters to maximize brightness while taking into account viewing angle.

[0152] Figures 4A to 4D show the optical path diagrams when light passes through the groove structure. As shown in Figures 4A to 4D, the groove structure 110 includes a refractive surface 1100. The refractive surface 1100 is the surface of the groove structure 110 that changes the direction of light propagation. The change in the direction of light propagation is caused by the difference in refractive index of the materials on both sides of this surface, thus allowing for the adjustment of the light. In some examples, the inclined surface or inner wall of the groove structure 110 is the refractive surface 1100. In some examples, as shown in Figures 4A to 4D, the refractive surface 1100 is a plane.

[0153] The optical paths of Figures 4A to 4D will be described in detail below. In Figures 4A to 4D, the reference numeral "a" represents the angle between the refractive surface 1100 of the groove structure 110 and the second direction Y. Referring to the previous embodiment, the second direction Y is parallel to the first surface and also parallel to the second surface 102. In the attached figures, reference numeral "b" represents the angle between the normal G01 of the refractive surface 1100 of the groove structure 110 and the second direction Y; reference numeral "c" represents the angle between the incident ray G02 and the third direction Z; reference numeral "d" represents the angle between the incident ray G02 and the normal G01 of the refractive surface 1100; reference numeral "e" represents the exit angle of the incident ray G02 after refraction by the refractive surface 1100; reference numerals "f1", "f2", "f3", and "f4" represent the angles between the exit ray G03 and the third direction Z; reference numeral "h" represents the height of the groove structure 110, which can also be called the height or depth of the groove structure 110; and the value of reference numeral "L" is equal to the width of the groove structure 110 mentioned above.

[0154] The groove structure disclosed herein enhances module brightness in two main ways: firstly, it focuses large-angle light towards the middle angle, and secondly, it focuses middle-angle light towards a smaller angle.

[0155] Figure 4A shows the light path diagram of rays converging from large angles to intermediate angles. According to the law of refraction, the following formula applies:

[0156] f1 = a + e;

[0157] sine*n2=sind*n1 (where n1=1 is the refractive index of air, n2=1.5 is the refractive index of the material of the first substrate, and in some examples, the material of the first substrate is glass);

[0158] d = ca (a < c < 90°);

[0159] e=arcsin(sind*n1 / n2)=arcsin(sin(ca)*n1 / n2).

[0160] From the above formula, we can derive that the angle between the outgoing ray G03 and the third direction Z is f1 = a + arcsin(sin(ca)*n1 / n2) (1). Therefore, the angle between the outgoing ray G03 and the second direction Y depends only on c and a. To achieve ray convergence, the incident ray G02 needs to be above the normal G01, which requires c > a. Therefore, the following relationship holds: a < c < 90°. According to trigonometric formulas, when c reaches its maximum value, the maximum value of f should be: f1 = a + arcsin(cosa / n2). This formula can be considered as a function of f with respect to a. Taking the first derivative, we know f' > 0. Therefore, f increases with increasing a, so the angle of a affects the viewing angle and brightness gain.

[0161] The above formula applies to light rays from a large angle to a small angle. The relevant angles of the groove structure can be designed according to the required angle. If the required angle is g, then f1 > g and b > 90° - g. Thus, the range of values ​​for a can be determined. At this time, light rays within the range of a to 90° converge within the angle g.

[0162] Figure 4B shows the light path diagram where rays from the middle angle converge to the smaller angle. According to the law of refraction, the following formula applies:

[0163] f2 = ae;

[0164] sine*n2=sind*n1;

[0165] d = ac (0 < c < a);

[0166] e=arcsin(sind*n1 / n2)=arcsin(sin(ac)*n1 / n2);

[0167] f2=a-arcsin(sin(ac)*n1 / n2)(2)(0<c<a).

[0168] Figures 4C and 4D show the light path diagrams of the light rays from the middle of the other side after passing through the groove structure. The following formula applies:

[0169] f3 = ae;

[0170] f4 = ea;

[0171] sine*n2=sind*n1;

[0172] d = a + c;

[0173] f3=a-arcsin(sin(a+c) / *n1 / n2)(3)(0<c<20°);

[0174] f4=arcsin(sin(a+c) / *n1 / n2)-a(4)(20°<c<a);

[0175] At this point, 0 < c < 90° - a.

[0176] If the emitted ray G03 is to be distributed on both sides of 0°, then f3 = f4 is required; based on the range of c, a = 31° can be calculated.

[0177] sine*n2=sin(a+c)n1 (where n1=1 is the refractive index of air, and n2 is the refractive index of the material of the first substrate, here we take n2=1.5)

[0178] Setting e = a, we can calculate that when c ≈ 20°, the emitted light ray is in the vertical direction. Therefore, we can give the range of values ​​for c after formulas (3) and (4). In addition, the dimensions of the groove structure are given by the following formula: h = tana * L / 2 (5).

[0179] Optical simulations were performed and compared with display panels with and without conventional prisms.

[0180] Figure 5 shows the brightness curves of the display panel with and without conventional prisms. As can be seen from Figure 5, without prisms, the half-brightness viewing angle is 60°, but the brightness is relatively low. With conventional prisms, the brightness is higher, but the half-brightness viewing angle is only 40°.

[0181] Generally, display modules require a 1 / 2 brightness viewing angle of 60 degrees, i.e., g = 60 degrees. If a product needs to ensure both high brightness and a wide viewing angle, a prism sheet cannot be used. Brightness can only be improved by increasing the current or the number of LEDs. Both of these methods will increase power consumption, which does not conform to the development concept of energy conservation and emission reduction. The groove structure used in the embodiments of this disclosure can concentrate light inward to improve the brightness of a viewing angle within 60 degrees. At this time, the value range of c is 31°≤c<90°. If the viewing angle requirement is 60°, then f1>60°. According to formula (1), when a=31°, the value range of f1 is 31°-69°, which meets the above viewing angle requirements and can improve brightness.

[0182] In some examples, a = 31° and L = 0.2 mm can be set, and under these conditions, h = 60 μm can be obtained according to formula (5). In some examples, the width D of the sub-pixel unit of the display panel is 0.21 mm. By making one groove structure correspond to the pixel electrode of one sub-pixel unit and making the height h of the groove structure 110 = 60 μm, the display brightness of each sub-pixel unit can be improved.

[0183] Figure 6 shows the simulation results of brightness gain and viewing angle for different values ​​of 'a' under the backlight with the above-mentioned light emission angle. The figure shows the brightness curves when the display panel has no notch structure and when the notch structure has an angle 'a' of 26°, 31°, 33°, 35° and 37°. The brightness curves in Figure 6 use normalized brightness values. From the brightness curves in Figure 6, it can be seen that the notch structure according to the embodiment of this disclosure can improve brightness without sacrificing viewing angle, with an improvement ratio of approximately 14.8%. In some examples, when 'a' = 31°, the brightness gain of the display panel is optimal, and the brightness of the side viewing angle of the display panel is not greater than the brightness of the center viewing angle. Therefore, 'a' = 31° is the optimal angle corresponding to the embodiment of this disclosure. According to formula (1), when 'a' = 31°, the embodiment of this disclosure can reduce the light within 73° to within 60°; as shown in Figure 5, when the display panel has no prism, the brightness of the 73° viewing angle is still 20% of the center brightness. Therefore, the first substrate of the display panel is provided with a notch structure, which allows 20% of the center brightness to be used to improve the brightness of the viewing angle within 60°.

[0184] In some test results shown in Figure 6, the brightness of the display panel at different α values ​​with a viewing angle of 0° is as follows: the brightness of the display panel without a notch structure is 493 nits, the brightness of the display panel at α = 26° is 551 nits, the brightness of the display panel at α = 31° is 566 nits, the brightness of the display panel at α = 33° is 549 nits, the brightness of the display panel at α = 35° is 534 nits, and the brightness of the display panel at α = 37° is 520 nits.

[0185] As shown in Figure 5, the gain of a conventional prism sheet is approximately 18%-20%, but the viewing angle is reduced by about 25°. As shown in Figure 6 and the above test results, the embodiment of this disclosure can increase brightness by approximately 14.8% while maintaining almost the same viewing angle. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, when g = 60°, the brightness gain of the display panel with a > 37° is already below 5%; to ensure a brightness gain > 5%, the value of a must be in the range of 22° ≤ a ≤ 37°.

[0186] In some examples, as shown in Figures 1E and 1F, the first refractive surface 11011 of the first groove structure 1101 is a plane, and the first acute angle α1 between the first refractive surface 11011 and the first surface 101 is greater than or equal to 22° and less than or equal to 37°. Based on Figures 4A to 4D and the above test results, the first groove structure can converge the light entering from the first surface of the first substrate, thereby improving the brightness of the display panel without increasing the optical film material and power consumption.

[0187] Figure 7A is a partial schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE; Figure 7B is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the first groove structure in Figure 7A. As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the first refractive surface 11011 of the first groove structure 1101 includes a planar portion 11011a and an arcuate portion 11011b connected to each other, with the arcuate portion 11011b located on the side of the planar portion 11011a away from the second surface 102.

[0188] As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the radius of the arc portion 11011b of the first refractive surface 11011 is R, and the angle between the planar portion 11011a and the second direction Y is a1. The second direction Y is parallel to the first surface and also parallel to the second surface 102. The intersection point of the extended planar portions 11011a of the two first refractive surfaces 11011 is O, and the total length of the planar portions 11011a after extending to the intersection point O is j. The distance between the tangent point of the arc portion 11011b and the planar portion 11011a and the intersection point O is set as i. The radius of curvature of the arc portion 11011b is R = i * tan(90 - a1). Considering the manufacturing process, R should not be too small, so the range of i can be 10 μm ≤ i ≤ j, where j = L / (2 * cosα1).

[0189] As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the first refractive surface 1101 of the first groove structure 11011 includes an arcuate portion 11011b. The angle between the arcuate portion 11011b and the second direction Y is the angle between the tangent at a point on the arcuate portion 111b and the second direction Y. Therefore, the value of the angle between the arcuate portion 111b and the second direction Y varies, and the closer to the intersection point O, the smaller the value of the angle. According to formulas (1) and (2) above, the smaller the value of the angle a, the stronger the ability to converge large-angle light, and the smaller f1 and f2, the smaller the viewing angle. According to formulas (3) and (4), the center brightness is the largest when the angle a = 31°, and the center brightness when the angle a is other angles is less than the center brightness when the angle a equals 31°. Therefore, according to the above conclusions, the larger R is, the smaller the angle between the arcuate portion 111b and the second direction Y, and the smaller the viewing angle. In some examples, when a1 = 31° and L = 0.2 mm, then j = 0.117 mm; the range of R is: 29 μm ≤ R ≤ 194.9 μm.

[0190] Figure 8 shows the simulation results of brightness gain and viewing angle under different R values ​​under different conditions. In Figure 8, a represents the result when the TFT substrate has no groove structure and no attached prisms; b represents the result when the TFT substrate has no groove structure but has attached prisms; c, d, and e represent the results when the TFT substrate has the first groove structure shown in Figure 7B, and the R value of the curved portion is 150 μm, 100 μm, and 29 μm, respectively; f represents the result when the groove structure on the TFT substrate is the first groove structure and the first refractive surface of the first groove structure is flat. In this example, the TFT substrate is the first substrate of the display panel. The brightness curves in Figure 8 use normalized brightness values. Simulation tests showed that the brightness under various conditions at a viewing angle of 0° was 493 nits when the TFT substrate had no groove structure and no attached prisms; and 592 nits when the TFT substrate had no groove structure but has attached prisms. Furthermore, the test results for different R values ​​when the first groove structure of Figure 7B is provided on the TFT substrate are as follows: luminance is 518 nits when R = 150 μm; 535 nits when R = 100 μm; and 552 nits when R = 29 μm. When the first groove structure with a planar first refractive surface is provided on the TFT substrate, the luminance is 566 nits. Therefore, it can be seen that as the R value increases, the luminance gain gradually decreases, and the viewing angle shrinks significantly.

[0191] Based on the simulation results above, it can be seen that the first groove structure, which includes a planar portion and a curved portion, on the display panel allows for light convergence and improved brightness compared to a display without a groove structure. Furthermore, since the first groove structure's refractive surface also includes a curved portion, different R-values ​​of the curved portion allow the display panel to have different viewing angles. Moreover, the brightness variation rate is relatively low within these viewing angles, resulting in smaller brightness changes and a better, more stable display effect, avoiding significant brightness variations within the viewing angle range.

[0192] In some examples, the display panel with the first recessed structure of Figure 7B can be used in privacy products and can be customized according to the angle requirements of the privacy product. In some examples, as shown in Figure 8, the radius of curvature R of the arcuate portion of the first recessed structure on the substrate corresponding to curve d is 100 μm, which can achieve a privacy angle of 40°.

[0193] In some examples, the display panel with the first recess structure of Figure 7B can achieve brightness gain at the center viewing angle, and the brightness change at the center viewing angle is small. This display panel can be used in small-viewing-angle products with a low rate of brightness change at the center viewing angle. In some examples, this display panel can be used in medical products, etc.

[0194] In some examples, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the radius of curvature R of the arc portion 11011b of the first groove structure 1101 is greater than or equal to 29 μm and less than or equal to 150 μm. Based on the verification of the above results, the radius of curvature R of the arc portion 11011b of the first groove structure 1101 within this range can not only achieve light convergence and improve brightness, but also enable the display panel to have a set viewing angle range. Furthermore, the brightness variation rate is relatively low within this viewing angle range, resulting in a smaller brightness change and a better, more stable display effect, avoiding significant brightness variations within this viewing angle range.

[0195] In some examples, the radius of curvature R of the arcuate portion 11011b of the first groove structure 1101 can be 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, etc. In some examples, different radii of curvature R can be selected according to the required viewing angle range, which will not be elaborated here.

[0196] In some examples, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the curved portion 11011b is tangent to the planar portion 11011a. Therefore, the transition between the curved portion 11011b and the planar portion 11011a can be as smooth as possible, improving the display effect at the junction of the curved portion 11011b and the planar portion 11011a.

[0197] In some examples, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the included angle α1 between the planar portion 11011a of the first groove structure 1101 and the second surface 102 is greater than or equal to 22° and less than or equal to 37°. Referring to the verification results above, this range allows the first groove structure 1101 to achieve a better brightness gain effect. In some examples, this included angle can be 25°, 28°, 31°, 35°, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements; these will not be listed here.

[0198] In some examples, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the height h1 of the first groove structure 1101 is greater than 30 μm. In some examples, the height h1 can be 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, etc., which can be designed according to product requirements, and will not be listed here.

[0199] Figure 9A shows the brightness curves of the display panel when the second included angle of the second groove structure is 75° and when there is no groove structure. Curve a represents a display panel substrate without a groove structure, and curve b represents a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure where the first surface of the first substrate has a second groove structure. Figure 9A(b) is the normalized curve of the measured data of (a). As can be seen from Figure 9A, compared to the brightness when the substrate surface has no groove structure, the display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has no brightness gain when the first surface of the first substrate has a second groove structure and the second included angle is set to 75°.

[0200] The display panel includes a pixel driving circuit, which comprises multiple transistors. The traces of the pixel driving circuit are generally located in the area where the black matrix is ​​located. That is, the orthographic projection of the pixel driving circuit on the second surface of the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface of the first substrate. When a certain row of scan lines outputs a high level, the transistor corresponding to the sub-pixel unit in that row is turned on, and the data line input voltage charges the pixel electrode. After the scan line is turned off, the pixel electrode cannot maintain the required display potential, and a leakage current Ioff is generated on the transistor. The principle of leakage current Ioff generation is as follows: A small number of electrons in the active layer are repelled to the upper part of the active layer, forming a thin layer of electrons. When illuminated, photons excite the active layer channel to generate photogenerated carriers, forming leakage current Ioff, which affects the off-state characteristics of the transistor. The pixel electrode will leak current into its own traces, causing changes in display grayscale and generating crosstalk. Figure 9B is a graph showing the effect of light intensity on leakage current. As shown in Figure 9B, the greater the light intensity, the greater the leakage current and the more severe the crosstalk phenomenon. The horizontal axis represents the voltage from the transistor gate to the source, and the vertical axis represents the current from the transistor drain to the source. The brightness of each curve from bottom to top in the figure is 0 nit, 500 nit, 1000 nit, 1500 nit, 4000 nit, 7000 nit, and 8000 nit, respectively.

[0201] Therefore, according to the display panel of the present disclosure embodiment, referring to FIG1F, by providing a second groove structure 1102 on the first surface 101, the second included angle a2 is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second groove structure 1102 on the second surface 102. According to the brightness comparison in FIG9A, the display panel with the second groove structure has no brightness gain, and can also reduce the impact on the pixel driving circuit of the display panel, and minimize crosstalk between sub-pixel units as much as possible.

[0202] In some examples, the inner wall or surface of the second groove structure may also be coated with a reflective layer. This allows light incident on the second groove structure to be reflected, further reducing the adverse effects of illumination on the display and avoiding crosstalk between sub-pixel units. Furthermore, the light can be reflected to the area where the pixel electrode is located, increasing light utilization efficiency. This disclosure does not limit the material of the reflective layer; in some examples, the material of the reflective layer includes silver.

[0203] Figure 10 is a partial schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1C along section line EE. As shown in Figure 10, the bottom wall of the second groove structure 1102 can be a planar structure. In some examples, the bottom wall of the second groove structure 1102 can also be a wavy structure. The second groove structure 1102 can be filled with an adhesive structure 801 (shown in dotted shades in the figure) to attach a film, such as a polarizer, to the first substrate 100. When the bottom wall of the second groove structure 1102 is a planar or wavy structure, more adhesive structure can be filled into the second groove structure, ensuring the adhesion between the polarizer and the first substrate. In addition, when the bottom wall of the second groove structure 1102 is a wavy structure, the bonding area between the adhesive structure and the bottom wall can be increased, thereby improving the peel strength.

[0204] In some examples, as shown in Figure 10, the bottom wall of the second groove structure 1102 may be coated with a reflective layer. The reflective layer can reflect light back to the backlight for reuse, while simultaneously blocking light from the corresponding area of ​​the light-shielding structure to prevent crosstalk.

[0205] Figure 11 is a brightness curve diagram of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, based on actual testing. Curve a in Figure 11 represents a backlight providing a light source for the display panel that does not include a prism sheet and does not use the display panel of the present disclosure; curve b represents a backlight providing a light source for the display panel that includes a prism sheet and does not use the display panel of the present disclosure; curve c represents a backlight providing a light source for the display panel that does not include a prism sheet and uses the display panel of the present disclosure. Figure 11(b) is the normalized curve of the measured data of (a). As shown by curve c in Figure 11, the actual testing results of the display panel of the present disclosure show that the display panel can achieve brightness gain, and at 1 / 2 brightness, i.e., at a brightness of 5000 nits, the viewing angle meets 60°. Therefore, the display panel of the present disclosure can achieve high brightness and wide viewing angle, and does not require increasing current to achieve high brightness, thus also having the advantage of low power consumption. In addition, the elimination of the need for additional prism sheets can also reduce costs.

[0206] Figure 12 is a brightness curve of a display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The display module includes a display panel and a backlight module bonded together. Curve a in Figure 12 represents a backlight module without prism sheets and without using the display panel of the present disclosure; curve b represents a backlight module with prism sheets attached and without using the display panel of the present disclosure; and curve c represents a backlight module without prism sheets and using the display panel of the present disclosure. Figure 12(b) is the normalized curve of the measured data of (a). As shown by curve c in Figure 12, the display module using the display panel of the present disclosure can achieve a brightness gain of approximately 20% compared to curve a, and is essentially equal to the brightness of curve b. At half brightness, i.e., at 300 nits, the viewing angle is 60°. Therefore, the display module using the display panel of the present disclosure can achieve high brightness and wide viewing angle, and does not require additional current to achieve high brightness, thus also having the advantage of low power consumption. In addition, since no additional prism sheets are required, the cost can be reduced.

[0207] Figure 13A is a brightness curve of a display module. The display module includes a backlight module and a display panel. The display panel does not include prism sheets or the recessed structure disclosed herein, while the backlight module includes prism sheets. As shown in Figure 13A, although the prism sheets in the backlight module of this display module can reduce the viewing angle, they do not achieve a privacy protection effect. For the display module to achieve a privacy protection effect, the viewing angle of the display module must not only be small, but the brightness should also decrease rapidly at the privacy viewing angle.

[0208] According to the simulation results in Figure 8, the brightness of the display panel with the first recessed structure decreases rapidly at a certain viewing angle. Referring to curve c in Figure 8 when the radius of curvature R is 150 μm, the brightness decreases rapidly at a viewing angle of 38°. According to the simulation results in Figure 6, when the included angle α is in the range of 31° ≤ a ≤ 37°, the brightness of the display panel will significantly increase within a viewing angle of 5° to 40°. Combining the two sets of simulation results, and setting the first acute angle of the first recessed structure to 38° and the radius of curvature R to 150 μm, the brightness curve in Figure 13B can be obtained by combining the display panel with the first recessed structure and a backlight module including a prism sheet.

[0209] Figure 13B is a brightness curve of a display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The display module includes a backlight module and a display panel. A first groove structure is provided on a first surface of a first substrate of the display panel. The first acute angle of the first groove structure is 38°, and the radius of curvature R is 150 μm. To better achieve the privacy protection effect, the backlight module may include a prism sheet to further reduce the viewing angle.

[0210] As shown in Figure 13B, the brightness of this display module drops significantly at 38°. This module can focus most of the light within a 40° viewing angle, and the brightness at a 55° viewing angle is only 10% of its maximum brightness, meaning there is almost no brightness at 55°. Furthermore, the rate of brightness change within 40° is small, with the brightness remaining essentially unchanged, thus providing excellent privacy protection. In some examples, this display module can be used in privacy display devices requiring high brightness.

[0211] In some examples, the height of the first groove structure is greater than 30 μm, and according to formula (5), L is approximately greater than 0.17 mm. In some examples, when the width of the sub-pixel unit of the display panel is 0.21 mm, the pixel electrode of one sub-pixel unit can correspond to one first groove structure. In this case, the width L of the first groove structure is 0.21 mm, and according to formula (5), the height of the first groove structure is approximately 60 μm.

[0212] In some examples, as shown in Figures 1D, 1E and 1F, the peripheral region groove structure 110C includes a third groove structure 1103.

[0213] In some examples, as shown in Figures 1D, 1E, and 1F, the height h3 of the third groove structure 1103 is greater than 50 μm. By ensuring the height of the third groove structure is greater than 50 μm, the adhesion strength between the film layer, such as the polarizer, and the first surface of the first substrate can be ensured. In some examples, the height h3 can be 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, etc., and can be designed according to product requirements; these will not be listed individually here.

[0214] In some examples, as shown in Figures 1D, 1E, and 1F, the third refractive surface 11031 of the third groove structure 1103 has a third included angle α3 with the first surface 101, wherein the third included angle α3 is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°. By ensuring that the third included angle meets the above-mentioned numerical range, the light entering from the first surface through the third groove structure has no brightness gain, which can improve the display effect. The verification conclusions and corresponding beneficial technical effects can be referred to the embodiments related to the second groove structure mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0215] In some examples, the third groove structure can be parallel to the first groove structure.

[0216] In some examples, the third included angle can be 80°, 85°, etc., which can be designed according to product requirements, and will not be listed one by one here.

[0217] In some examples, the third refractive surface of the third groove structure may be coated with a reflective layer.

[0218] In some examples, the bottom wall of the third groove structure can be a planar structure. In some examples, the bottom wall of the third groove structure can also be a wavy structure. The third groove structure can be filled with adhesive structures to attach a film, such as a polarizer, to the first substrate. When the bottom wall of the third groove structure is planar or wavy, it allows for more adhesive structures to be filled, ensuring adhesion between the polarizer and the first substrate. Additionally, when the bottom wall of the third groove structure is wavy, it can increase the bonding area between the adhesive structures and the bottom wall, improving peel strength. Third groove structures with planar or wavy bottom walls are shown in Figure 10 above and will not be described in detail here.

[0219] In some examples, the bottom wall of the third groove structure may be coated with a reflective layer.

[0220] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing the above-described display panel is also included, comprising: preparing a first initial substrate and a second substrate; performing a patterning process on the surface of the first initial substrate opposite to the second substrate to form a first substrate having a plurality of groove structures; assembling the first substrate and the second substrate and injecting the liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0221] Specific structural details or other parameter limitations of this method can be found in the description of the display panel in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. The beneficial technical effects of the display panel formed by this method are also described above and will not be repeated here.

[0222] In some examples, patterning the surface of the first initial substrate away from the second substrate to form a first substrate having a plurality of groove structures includes etching the surface of the first initial substrate away from the second substrate to form a first substrate having a plurality of groove structures.

[0223] In some examples, the method further includes: disposing a mask on one side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided. The mask includes a main portion that shields pixel electrodes and exposes a light-shielding structure; applying an adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is located within the second groove structure; removing the mask to leave the adhesive layer located within the second groove structure; and attaching a polarizer to the side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided. In this example, the adhesive layer located within the second groove structure is the bonding structure described above.

[0224] This method allows the adhesive layer to be located within the second groove structure, thereby enabling the polarizer and the first substrate to adhere to each other through the adhesive layer. Furthermore, this method allows the adhesive layer to bypass the first groove structure on the first substrate corresponding to the pixel electrode, allowing the first groove structure to focus the light entering the first substrate, achieving a brightening effect. This method is simple, convenient, and has advantages such as low cost, ease of operation, and high yield.

[0225] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing the above-described display panel is also included, comprising: preparing a first substrate; disposing a mask on one side of the first substrate having a plurality of groove structures. The mask includes a main body portion that blocks pixel electrodes and exposes a light-shielding structure; applying an adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is located within a second groove structure; removing the mask to leave the adhesive layer located within the second groove structure; and attaching a polarizer to the side of the first substrate having the plurality of groove structures. The beneficial technical effects of this method are described above and will not be repeated here.

[0226] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the mask used in the above method. Referring to Figure 2B, it can be seen that the main body 011 of the mask in Figure 14 corresponds one-to-one with the area where the sub-pixel unit 11 and its pixel electrode PE are located, having the same shape and size. The main body parts 011 are connected by connecting parts 012 to form an integral structure. When using this mask, it can block the area where the pixel electrode PE of the sub-pixel unit 11 is located, preventing the adhesive layer from being applied to the area where the pixel electrode PE is located.

[0227] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples based on this disclosure. In some examples, modifications can be made based on the above embodiments.

[0228] Figure 15 is a schematic planar structure of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In Figure 15, a first recess structure 1101 extending along a first direction X is interrupted between two sub-pixel units 11 of adjacent pixel unit rows U2. Therefore, each first recess structure 1101 may include a plurality of sub-recess structures 1101a arranged along the first direction X. The orthographic projection of the sub-recess structure 1101a onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE onto the second surface 102. In some examples, the orthographic projection of one sub-recess structure 1101a onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of one pixel electrode PE onto the second surface 102. A gap 1101b is provided between two adjacent sub-recess structures 1101a along the first direction X, and the orthographic projection of the gap 1101b onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure BM onto the second surface 102. In some examples, a second recess structure, etc., may be provided at the location of the gap 1102. Figure 15 only schematically shows that the display panel PN includes a first recess structure; however, it is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. In some examples, the display panel may also include a second recessed structure and a peripheral recessed structure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0229] Figure 16 is a schematic planar structure of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, the display panel PN further includes a groove structure 110' extending along a second direction Y, the extension direction of the groove structure 110 being different from the extension direction of the groove structure 110'. In some examples, the extension direction of the groove structure 110 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the groove structure 110'. In some examples, the dimensional parameters of the groove structure 110' are the same as those of the groove structure 110 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0230] In some examples, as shown in FIG16, the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the groove structure 110' on the second surface 102. Therefore, the groove structure 110' can further improve the brightness of the display panel. In this example, the dimensional parameters of the groove structure 110' can be referred to the first groove structure described above, and it has the same beneficial technical effects as the first groove structure, which will not be repeated here. The figure schematically shows the overlap of the pixel electrode PE and the groove structure 110'; however, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0231] In some examples, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface may overlap with the orthographic projection of the groove structure 110' on the second surface. In this example, the dimensional parameters of the groove structure 110' can refer to the second or third groove structure described above, and it has the same beneficial technical effects as the second or third groove structure, which will not be repeated here.

[0232] In some examples, the display panel further includes a third substrate located on the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and a groove structure 110' is provided on the surface of the third substrate away from the first substrate. In some examples, referring to FIG1B, 1D to 1F, the third substrate may be located between the polarizer 700 and the first substrate 100. In some examples, the third substrate may be a glass substrate, or a prism sheet, etc. No limitation is made here.

[0233] Figure 17A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD. As shown in Figure 17A, the display panel further includes at least one adhesive layer 4001 located on the light-incident side of the polarizer 700. The adhesive layer 400 includes a plurality of first portions 40011 and a plurality of second portions 40012 arranged at intervals, the plurality of second portions 40012 being filled with a dielectric. The light-incident side of the polarizer 700 is also the light-incident side S1 of the display panel, which is the side that receives light from the light-emitting side of the backlight module.

[0234] In some examples, the refractive index of the medium is less than that of the plurality of first portions 40012. The second portion 40012 of the adhesive layer 4001 is filled with a medium. By introducing a medium with a low refractive index, a light-focusing and brightening effect can be achieved, which can improve the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel and improve the display effect.

[0235] In some examples, the second portion 40012 of the adhesive layer 4001 is filled with a medium whose refractive index is less than 1.2. By introducing a low-refractive-index medium, a light-focusing and brightness-enhancing effect can be achieved, which can improve the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel and enhance the display effect.

[0236] In some examples, the medium is air. This can also improve the light transmittance of the display panel.

[0237] Figure 17B is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD. As shown in Figure 17B, the first substrate 100 also includes a second surface 102, which is the surface of the first substrate 100 near the second substrate 200. The display panel also includes a pixel electrode PE, which is located on the side of the first substrate 100 near the second substrate 200. The second portion 40012 of the adhesive layer 4001 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE on the second surface 102. The pixel electrode of the display panel roughly defines the display area of ​​the sub-pixel unit where the pixel electrode is located. By making the second portion correspond to the pixel electrode, the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel can be improved, thereby improving the display effect.

[0238] Figure 17C is a top view schematic diagram of an adhesive layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 17C, a plurality of first portions 40011 of the adhesive layer 4001 are arranged in an array along a first direction X and a second direction Y, wherein the first direction X and the second direction Y intersect. The figure schematically shows that the shape of the first portion 40011 is rectangular; however, the shape of the first portion is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, it may be a polygon with rounded corners or a circle, which will not be described in detail here.

[0239] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17C, the multiple first portions 40011 of the adhesive layer 4001 are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction X and the second direction Y. That is, the first spacing d011 between the multiple first portions 40011 arranged along the first direction X is equal, and the second spacing d012 between the multiple first portions 40011 arranged along the second direction Y is equal. This allows for more uniform light emission from the backlight module.

[0240] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17C, the first spacing d011 is equal to the first dimension L011, and the second spacing d012 is equal to the second dimension L012. This allows for more uniform light emission from the backlight module. Of course, this disclosure does not limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0241] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17C, the first spacing d011 is greater than the first dimension L011, and the second spacing d012 is greater than the second dimension L012, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the display panel. In some examples, the first part can be an adhesive material, where the first spacing d011 is smaller than the first dimension L011, and the second spacing d012 is smaller than the second dimension L012, thereby increasing the adhesive performance of the adhesive layer.

[0242] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17C, the first spacing d011 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the second spacing d012 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the first dimension L011 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the second dimension L012 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. This disclosure does not specifically limit the values ​​of the first spacing d011, the second spacing d012, the first dimension L011, and the second dimension L012; they can be any values ​​within the specified range, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0243] In some examples, the thickness of the adhesive layer is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. This disclosure does not specifically limit the value of the adhesive layer thickness; it can be any value within the specified range, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0244] Figure 17D is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD. As shown in Figure 17D, the display panel also includes at least one optical film B30 located on the light-incident side of the polarizer 700. At least one adhesive layer 4001 includes a first adhesive layer 4001a, which is located on the side of the at least one optical film B30 closest to the first substrate 100. The first adhesive layer not only achieves a light-focusing and brightness-enhancing effect, improving the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel and enhancing the display effect, but also adheres the optical film to the first substrate.

[0245] In some examples, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film. Therefore, the first adhesive layer can better achieve a light-focusing and brightness-enhancing effect, improving the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel and enhancing the display performance. In some examples, the refractive index of the first portion of the first adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film, while the refractive index of the medium filling the second portion of the first adhesive layer is less than the refractive index of the optical film.

[0246] In some examples, as shown in FIG17D, the at least one optical film B30 includes at least one prism sheet.

[0247] In some examples, the refractive index of the first adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the prism sheet.

[0248] Figure 17E is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD. As shown in Figure 17E, at least one optical film B30 includes at least one prism sheet B301 and at least one diffuser plate B302. At least one adhesive layer 4001 includes a second adhesive layer 4001b, which is located between the at least one prism sheet B301 and the at least one diffuser plate B302. The refractive index of the second adhesive layer 4001b is less than or equal to the refractive index of the prism sheet B301 and less than the refractive index of the diffuser plate B302. The first and second adhesive layers not only achieve a light-focusing and brightness-enhancing effect, improving the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel and enhancing the display effect, but also bond the prism sheet and the diffuser plate to the first substrate.

[0249] Figure 17F is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the display panel shown in Figure 1A along section line DD. As shown in Figure 17F, multiple prism structures B3011 are provided on the surface of the prism sheet B301 facing away from the second adhesive layer 4001b. The orthographic projection of one of the multiple prism structures B3011 on the diffuser plate B302 overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one of the multiple second parts 40012 on the diffuser plate B302. Thus, a light-focusing and brightening effect can be achieved.

[0250] In some examples, as shown in Figure 17F, the prism sheet B301 can also be bonded to the first substrate by the adhesive layer C20.

[0251] Some embodiments of this disclosure also include a backlight module.

[0252] Figure 18A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a backlight module. As shown in Figure 18A, the backlight module includes a diffuser 1000, an optical adhesive layer 4000, and a double brightness enhancement film (DBEF) 5001. The DBEF enhances brightness without sacrificing the viewing angle, but the DBEF is too expensive, accounting for about 30% of the overall cost of the backlight.

[0253] Figure 18B shows a cross-sectional view of another backlight module. Compared to the structure in Figure 18A, DBEF is replaced with prism sheet 5002 (prism film material). Using prism sheet also achieves a brightening effect through light focusing, and the cost is much lower than DBEF. However, prism sheet 5002 is bonded to diffuser sheet 1000 through optical adhesive layer 4000, with no air layer between them. Furthermore, the refractive index of optical adhesive layer 4000 is comparable to that of prism sheet 5002, significantly reducing the light-focusing and brightening effect of prism sheet 5002. Actual measurements show that with prism sheet 5002 fully bonded, the brightness gain loss is approximately 25% compared to when it is not bonded.

[0254] Figures 19A and 19B show the optical path diagrams of the prism sheet in both fully bonded and unbonded states. As shown in Figure 19A, the lower surface of the prism sheet 5002 is in optical contact with the optical adhesive layer 4000. The refractive index of the optical adhesive layer is n = 1.42, which is close to the refractive index of the prism sheet. Due to the scattering effect of the diffuser 1000, the maximum angle of the light rays emitted from the diffuser 1000 is θ1max = 90°. According to the law of refraction, the maximum angle of the light rays entering the prism sheet 5002 in the bonded state can be calculated as follows:

[0255] θ2max=arcsin(1.42 / 1.58*sin(θ1max))=64°.

[0256] As shown in Figure 19B, prism sheet 5002 is directly stacked on diffuser sheet 1000, with an air gap between them. The air refractive index n = 1. The prism sheet 5002 is typically made of PET, with a refractive index n = 1.58. Due to the scattering effect of diffuser sheet 1000, the maximum angle of light rays exiting diffuser sheet 1000 is θ1max = 90°. According to the law of refraction, the maximum angle of light rays entering the prism sheet can be calculated.

[0257] θ2max=arcsin(1 / 1.58*sin(θ1max))=39°.

[0258] The above calculation results show that, in the bonded state, the refractive index of the optical adhesive is close to that of the prism material. Light entering the prism has only a small deflection angle, and the maximum angle θ2max of the light entering the prism is much greater than that in the unbonded state. Therefore, the angle of light emanating from the prism also increases, resulting in a decrease in light-gathering ability, an increase in viewing angle, and a decrease in brightness.

[0259] Figure 20 shows the test results for relative brightness and viewing angle with the prism sheet fully bonded and unbonded. Curve a represents the fully bonded state, and curve b represents the unbonded state. As shown in Figure 20, when unbonded, the viewing angle at half brightness is approximately 66°. After bonding, the brightness decreases more slowly with the viewing angle, reaching 98° at half brightness, but there is a 25% loss of brightness at the positive viewing angle.

[0260] To address the brightness loss issue in the fully laminated state of prism sheets, embodiments of this disclosure include a backlight module comprising: a diffuser, at least one optical film, and a second adhesive layer bonding the diffuser and the at least one optical film together. The second adhesive layer includes a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals. The plurality of second portions are filled with a medium, the refractive index of which is less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions, and / or the refractive index of which is less than 1.2. According to the backlight module of this disclosure, by introducing a low-refractive-index medium between at least one optical film and the diffuser to achieve a light-gathering effect, not only can costs be significantly reduced while maintaining the brightness gain level, but the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel can also be improved, thus enhancing the display effect.

[0261] Figure 21A is a top view of a second adhesive layer of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 21B is a cross-sectional view of the backlight module shown in Figure 21A along section FF. As shown in Figures 21A and 21B, the backlight module includes a diffuser 1000, at least one optical film 5002, and a second adhesive layer 4001b that bonds the diffuser 1000 and the at least one optical film 5002 together. The second adhesive layer 4001b includes a plurality of first portions 40011 and a plurality of second portions 40012 spaced apart, the plurality of second portions 40012 being filled with a dielectric. In some examples, at least one optical film 5002 includes a prism sheet.

[0262] In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filled in the second portion 40012 is lower than that of the multiple first portions 40011. By introducing a low-refractive-index medium between at least one optical film and a diffuser, a light-concentrating and brightening effect can be achieved, which can significantly reduce the cost of the backlight module's backlight source while maintaining the brightness gain level.

[0263] In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filled in the second part 40012 is less than 1.2. By introducing a low-refractive-index medium between at least one optical film and a diffuser, a light-focusing and brightening effect can be achieved, which can significantly reduce the cost of the backlight module's backlight source while maintaining the brightness gain level.

[0264] The adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer, and the second adhesive layer in the embodiments of this disclosure may have the same or similar structural features and may achieve the same or similar technical effects.

[0265] It should be noted that the multiple first portions 40021 and multiple second portions 40022 of the second adhesive layer 4001b are arranged at intervals, with a first portion 40011 located between two adjacent second portions 40012, and a second portion 40012 located between two adjacent first portions 40011. In this example, the multiple second portions 40012 can be interconnected to form an integral structure, which includes the multiple second portions 40012.

[0266] In some examples, the second part is filled with air. This can improve the light transmittance of the backlight module.

[0267] In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filled in the second part is less than the refractive index of the diffuser and less than the refractive index of the optical film, while the refractive index of the first part is less than or equal to the refractive index of at least one optical film and less than or equal to the refractive index of the diffuser. Therefore, the second adhesive layer can better achieve a focused light enhancement effect, significantly reducing the cost of the backlight module's backlight source while maintaining the brightness gain level.

[0268] In some examples, the material of the first portion of the second adhesive layer may be optical adhesive. This disclosure does not limit the specific material of the first portion.

[0269] In some examples, as shown in Figure 21A, a plurality of first portions 40011 of the second adhesive layer 4001b are arranged in an array along a first direction X and a second direction Y, wherein the first direction X and the second direction Y intersect.

[0270] In some examples, as shown in Figure 21A, the spacing between two adjacent first portions 40021 along the first direction X is the first spacing d011, the size of the first portion 40011 along the first direction X is the first size L011, the spacing between two adjacent first portions 40011 along the second direction Y is the second spacing d012, and the size of the first portion 40011 along the second direction Y is the second size L012.

[0271] In some examples, as shown in Figure 21A, multiple first portions 40021 are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction X and the second direction Y. That is, the first spacing d011 between the multiple first portions 40011 arranged along the first direction X is equal, and the second spacing d012 between the multiple first portions 40011 arranged along the second direction Y is equal. This makes the light output of the backlight module more uniform.

[0272] In some examples, as shown in Figure 21A, the first spacing d011 is equal to the first size L011, and the second spacing d012 is equal to the second size L012. This allows for more uniform light emission from the backlight module. Of course, this disclosure does not limit the scope of the embodiments. In some examples, the first spacing d011 is greater than the first size L011, and the second spacing d012 is greater than the second size L012, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the backlight module. In some examples, the first spacing d011 is less than the first size L011, and the second spacing d012 is less than the second size L012, thereby increasing the adhesion between the optical film and the diffuser.

[0273] In some examples, as shown in Figure 21A, the first spacing d011 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the second spacing d012 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the first dimension L011 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. In some examples, the second dimension L012 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm. This disclosure does not specifically limit the values ​​of the first spacing d011, the second spacing d012, the first dimension L011, and the second dimension L012 of the second adhesive layer 4001b; they can be any values ​​within the specified range, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0274] In some examples, the thickness of the second adhesive layer 4001b is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. This disclosure does not specifically limit the value of the thickness of the second adhesive layer; it can be any value within the specified range, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0275] In some examples, as shown in FIG21B, the side of the second adhesive layer 4001b away from the diffuser 1000 may include a prism sheet 5002. However, this disclosure does not limit this, and the side of the second adhesive layer away from the diffuser may include two prism sheets whose prism structures extend in intersecting directions. In some examples, the side of the second adhesive layer away from the diffuser may also include a diffuser layer to further improve the performance of the backlight module, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0276] Figure 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a backlight module according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 22, the backlight module includes a diffuser 1000, a prism sheet 5002, and a second adhesive layer 4001b bonding the diffuser 1000 and the prism sheet 5002 together. The prism sheet 5002 includes a third surface 50021, which is the surface of the prism sheet 5002 facing away from the second adhesive layer 4001b, and a plurality of prism structures 50022 are disposed on the third surface 50021. The orthographic projection of one of the plurality of prism structures 50022 on the diffuser 1000 overlaps with the orthographic projections of a plurality of second portions 40022 on the diffuser 1000. The figure schematically shows the overlap of the orthographic projection of one prism structure 50022 on the diffuser 1000 with the orthographic projections of three or four second portions 40022 on the diffuser 1000. However, this disclosure does not limit the scope of the embodiments, and the orthographic projection of a prism structure 50022 on the diffuser 1000 may overlap with the orthographic projection of at least one second portion 40022 on the diffuser 1000.

[0277] In this example, by making the orthographic projection of a prism structure on the diffuser overlap with the orthographic projection of at least one second part on the diffuser, not only can a light-focusing and brightening effect be achieved, but also the size of the second part can be avoided to prevent the outlines of the second part and the first part from being visible on the display side.

[0278] In some examples, as shown in Figure 22, the diffuser 1000 includes diffuser particles 1001, a substrate 1002, and diffuser particles 1003, which are located on both sides of the substrate 1002.

[0279] In some examples, the substrate can be a glass substrate.

[0280] As shown in Figure 22, taking the light emitted from diffuser 1000 at 45° as an example, ray ① passes through the first part 40011 and prism sheet 5002 in sequence. At the interface between the first part 40011 and prism sheet 5002, the light does not deflect significantly. At this point, the light is perpendicular to the inclined plane of prism structure 50022, and also does not deflect, ultimately exiting at 45°. Ray ② passes through the interface between the second part and prism sheet 5002, and then through two interfaces: prism structure 50022 and air. The light undergoes two deflections. According to the law of refraction, the exit angles of the two deflections are calculated as follows: θ3 = arcsin(1 / 1.58*sin(45°)) = 26°; θ4 = arcsin(1.58*sin(45°-θ1)) = 31°. Ultimately, the deflection angle of light ② relative to the normal viewing angle is 45° - θ4 = 14°. That is, the angle of light at 45° is narrowed to 14° after two deflections. Thus, the backlight module can achieve the effect of focusing and brightening light through the second adhesive layer between the prism sheet and the diffuser sheet. In this example, the material of the prism sheet 5002 is PET, and the refractive index n = 1.58.

[0281] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method for manufacturing the aforementioned backlight module is also included, comprising: preparing a diffuser sheet; covering a printed circuit board on the main surface of the diffuser sheet, wherein the printed circuit board includes a plurality of hollow structures spaced apart from each other; applying an adhesive layer such that the adhesive layer is located within the hollow structures and forms a plurality of first portions separated from each other; removing the printed circuit board to leave the plurality of first portions; attaching a prism sheet to the side of the plurality of first portions away from the diffuser sheet; and curing the plurality of first portions.

[0282] The beneficial technical effects of the backlight module formed by this method are described above and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, this method is simple, convenient, and has advantages such as low cost, ease of operation, and high yield.

[0283] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing the above-mentioned backlight module structure. (1) A diffuser sheet is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate. In some examples, a substrate with a diffuser sheet can be formed by double-sided diffuser ink; (2) After forming the above-mentioned substrate, a screen is covered on one surface of the substrate; (3) An optical adhesive material is coated on the screen. In some examples, the optical adhesive can be coated by scraping; (4) After coating the optical adhesive, the screen is removed to leave an island-shaped or dot-shaped optical adhesive structure; (5) A prism sheet film is attached on top of the optical adhesive and cured. In some examples, the optical adhesive can be cured by UV curing; (6) The bonding is completed. By this method, the above-mentioned second adhesive layer can be formed between the diffuser sheet and the prism sheet.

[0284] Figure 24 shows the test results of the relative brightness and viewing angle of the prism sheet under different states. Curve a represents the case where the diffuser and prism sheet are fully bonded, curve b represents the case where the diffuser and prism sheet are not bonded, and curve c represents the case where the diffuser and prism sheet are bonded with the second adhesive layer according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As can be seen from Figure 24, the brightness and viewing angle of the second adhesive layer bonding scheme according to an embodiment of this disclosure are basically the same as those in the unbonded state. Compared with the fully bonded state, the brightness is significantly improved, avoiding the brightness loss caused by full bonding.

[0285] Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 25, the second adhesive layer 4001b includes a plurality of first portions 40011 and a plurality of second portions 40012 arranged at intervals, and the plurality of second portions 40012 are filled with a medium.

[0286] In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filled in the second portion 40012 is less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions 40011 and less than the refractive index of the prism sheet 5002. In some examples, the refractive index of the medium filled in the second portion 40012 is less than 1.2. By introducing a low-refractive-index medium between the prism sheet and the diffuser, a light-gathering and brightening effect can be achieved, significantly reducing the cost of the backlight module's backlight source while maintaining the brightness gain level.

[0287] It should be noted that multiple first parts 40011 and multiple second parts 40012 are arranged at intervals, with the first part 40011 located between two adjacent second parts 40012, and the second part 40012 located between two adjacent first parts 40011. The difference from the backlight module shown in Figure 22B is that the multiple second parts 40012 shown in Figure 22B can be connected to each other to form a single structure; while the multiple first parts 40011 shown in Figure 25 are connected to each other to form a single structure.

[0288] In some examples, the multiple second portions 40012 can be bubbles. This disclosure does not limit the density of the bubbles, etc., and can be matched according to the actual product requirements and test verification results. In some examples, as shown in FIG25, the orthographic projection of a prism structure 50022 on the diffuser 1000 overlaps with the orthographic projections of the multiple second portions 40012 on the diffuser 1000.

[0289] An embodiment of this disclosure also includes a display module. The display module includes any of the backlight modules described above and any of the display panels described above. Therefore, the display module can have the beneficial technical effects corresponding to the beneficial technical effects of the backlight modules described above, and also have the beneficial technical effects corresponding to the beneficial technical effects of the display panels described above, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0290] Figure 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 26, the display module includes the display panel shown in the embodiment of Figure 1F and the backlight module shown in the embodiment of Figure 22B.

[0291] In some examples, as shown in Figure 26, the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE of the display panel onto the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of second portions 40012 onto the second surface 102. By aligning the second portions with the pixel electrode, the brightness and contrast of the display area of ​​the display panel can be improved, thereby enhancing the display effect.

[0292] In some examples, as shown in Figure 26, the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode PE of the display panel on the second surface 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of second portions 40012 on the second surface 102.

[0293] Figure 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 27, the display module includes a display panel A10 and a backlight module. The backlight module includes a back plate B21, a light-emitting unit B22 (in some examples, the light-emitting unit B22 is an LED) disposed on the back plate B21, a middle frame B23 connected to the back plate B21, and an optical component B24 disposed on the middle frame B23. The materials of the back plate B21 and the middle frame B23 are not limited in this embodiment; they can be metal or plastic.

[0294] In some examples, the backlight module of the display module can be any of the backlight modules described above.

[0295] In some examples, the optical component B24 includes the diffuser 1000, prism sheet 5002, and second adhesive layer 4001b as described in the embodiments of Figures 21A and 21B above.

[0296] In some examples, the optical component B24 includes the diffuser 1000, prism sheet 5002, and second adhesive layer 4001b as described in the embodiment of FIG. 22 above. In some examples, the substrate 1002 may be a glass substrate, and in some examples, the thickness of the glass substrate may be 1.1 mm. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the thickness of the substrate, which can be set according to the actual product.

[0297] In this example, the optical component has the following advantages: (1) Light mixing: The substrate has diffusion ink on both sides. In some examples, diffusion ink is printed on both sides of the substrate to form a diffusion sheet. Through the scattering effect of the diffusion ink layer and the reflective sheet on the surface of the lamp board, the LED array light source is converted into a uniform surface light source. (2) Brightness enhancement: The backlight brightness is enhanced by the light-gathering effect of the prism sheet. (3) Structural support: The glass substrate has high strength and a small coefficient of thermal expansion. It can be directly glued and fixed to the metal frame and simultaneously glued to the display panel to fix the display panel. (4) Achieving an extremely narrow bezel: Since the metal frame, optical component and display panel are assembled by bonding, the edge of the optical component is the edge of the product. This can achieve an extremely narrow bezel of the display module and a structure where there is no light obstruction below the edge of the display panel.

[0298] In some examples, as shown in Figure 27, the metal frame B23 can be made of extruded aluminum. In some examples, the metal frame B23 is fixed to the edge of the metal backplate B21 with screws. In some examples, the metal frame B23 is bonded to the optical component B24 with adhesive, and the display panel A10 is bonded to the optical component B24 with a frame mount. Using the metal frame B23 to support the optical component B24 and the display panel A10 ensures the assembly accuracy and straightness between the components of the backlight module, prevents the pixels of the display panel A10 from being blocked, and improves the assembly accuracy of the display module.

[0299] In some examples, individual white LEDs are packaged and assembled onto a printed circuit board (PCB) using surface mount technology (SMT). They are then paired with a refractive lens to increase the divergence angle, forming an LED light strip. Finally, they are bonded to a metal backplate using thermally conductive adhesive to form an LED array light source.

[0300] In some examples, display panel A10 includes any of the display panels described above.

[0301] Figure 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 28, the display module includes a display panel and a backlight module. The display panel A20 includes a first substrate 100, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second substrate 200, at least one optical film B30, and an adhesive layer 4001. The first substrate 100 is closer to the light-incident side S1 of the display panel than the second substrate 200. The liquid crystal layer 300 is located between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. At least one optical film B30 and the adhesive layer 4001 are located on the light-incident side S1 of the display panel, with the adhesive layer 4001 located on the side of at least one optical film B30 closest to the first substrate 100. The adhesive layer 4001 adheres at least one optical film B30 to the first substrate 100. The adhesive layer 4001 includes a plurality of first portions 40011 and a plurality of second portions 40012 arranged at intervals. The plurality of second portions 40012 are filled with a medium, the refractive index of which is less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions 40011 and less than the refractive index of the at least one optical film B30.

[0302] In this example, the adhesive layer not only achieves a light-focusing and brightening effect, but also bonds the optical film to the substrate of the display panel. Furthermore, the adhesive layer supports the optical film, allowing it to adhere more stably to the substrate and ensuring its optical performance.

[0303] In some examples, as shown in Figure 28, the display panel A20 of the display module can be any of the display panels mentioned above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0304] In some examples, as shown in Figure 28, the adhesive layer 4001 of the display module can be any of the adhesive layers mentioned above. The technical effects and dimensional parameters of the adhesive layer will not be elaborated here.

[0305] In some examples, as shown in FIG28, the backlight module of the display module includes a back plate B40, the back plate B40 includes a support surface S001, the support surface S001 is located on the side of the at least one optical film B30 away from the first substrate 100, and the display panel A20 is located on the support surface S001.

[0306] In some examples, as shown in Figure 28, the display panel and the back panel B40 can be joined together by an adhesive structure C10.

[0307] Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 29, the display module includes a display panel A20 and a backlight module. The backlight module includes an optical component B24, which includes a prism sheet B32, a diffuser sheet B33, and a second adhesive layer 4001b that bonds the prism sheet B32 and the diffuser sheet B33 to each other.

[0308] In some examples, diffuser B33 can be a high-haze diffuser.

[0309] In some examples, as shown in Figure 29, the optical component B24 of the backlight module further includes a diffuser B31, and the display module further includes a first adhesive layer 4001a. The first adhesive layer 4001a is located between the diffuser B31 and the display panel A20, and adheres the diffuser B31 to the display panel A20. The second adhesive layer 4001b can be the adhesive layer described above for bonding; specific details can be found in the embodiments shown in Figures 17B and 17C, which will not be repeated here. In this example, the second adhesive layer 4001b also adheres the optical component B24 of the backlight module to the display panel A20.

[0310] In some examples, as shown in Figure 29, the diffuser sheet B31 and the prism sheet B32 can be bonded together by an adhesive layer C20.

[0311] In some examples, as shown in Figure 29, the backlight module also includes a backplate B40 located on the side of the optical component B24 away from the display panel A20. The backplate B40 includes a support surface S001 on which the optical component B24 of the backlight module is located.

[0312] Figure 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 30, the display module includes a backlight module and a display panel A20. The light-emitting side of the backlight module and the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20 are opposite to each other. The display panel A20 includes a first substrate 100, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second substrate 200, at least one optical film B30, and an adhesive layer 4001. The first substrate 100 is closer to the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20 than the second substrate 200. The liquid crystal layer 300 is located between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. At least one optical film B30 and the adhesive layer 4001 are located on the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20. The adhesive layer 4001 is located on the side of the at least one optical film B30 closest to the first substrate 100, and the adhesive layer 4001 adheres the at least one optical film B30 to the first substrate 100. The technical effects and dimensional parameters of the adhesive layer 4001 can be found in the previous embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0313] In some examples, as shown in Figure 30, the backlight module includes a backplate B40 and an optical component B24, with the optical component B24 located on the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20. The backplate B40 includes a first support surface S001, which is located on the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20, and the display panel A20 is situated on the first support surface S001. The first support surface S001 of the backplate B40 can support the display panel A20.

[0314] In some examples, as shown in Figure 30, the backplate B40 further includes a second support surface S002. The second support surface S002 is located on the side of the optical component B24 away from the display panel A20, and the optical component B24 is located on the second support surface S002. The second support surface S002 of the backplate B40 can support the optical component B24. Through the aforementioned first and second support surfaces of the backplate, the components of the display module can be better supported, ensuring structural strength and display function.

[0315] In some examples, as shown in Figure 30, the first support surface S001 and the second support surface S002 are two surfaces of the same integrally formed component. Therefore, the first support surface S001 and the second support surface S002 have a more precise relative positional relationship.

[0316] In some examples, as shown in Figure 30, the optical component B24 and the backplate B40 can be joined by an adhesive structure C10.

[0317] In some examples, as shown in Figure 30, optical component B24 includes, but is not limited to, a diffuser. In some examples, the diffuser in Figure 30 can be any of the diffusers described above.

[0318] Figure 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 31, the display module includes a display panel A20 and a backlight module. The backlight module includes an optical component B24, which includes a prism sheet B32, a diffuser sheet B33, and a second adhesive layer 4001b that bonds the prism sheet B32 and the diffuser sheet B33 together. The structure of the optical component B24 in this embodiment can also be referred to the preceding embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0319] In some examples, as shown in Figure 31, the backlight module includes a backplate B40. The backplate B40 includes a first support surface S001, located on the light-incident side S1 of the display panel A20, and on the side of the optical film of the optical component B24 of the backlight module that is away from the display panel A20. The backplate B40 also includes a second support surface S002, located on the side of the optical component B24 away from the display panel A20, with the optical component B24 situated on the second support surface S002. The first and second support surfaces of the backplate provide better support for the components of the display module, ensuring structural strength and display functionality.

[0320] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a video wall is also included. Figure 32 is a schematic planar structure diagram of a video wall according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 32, the video wall includes multiple display modules M01 spliced ​​together, and each display module M01 can be any of the display modules described above. Thus, the video wall can have the beneficial technical effects corresponding to the beneficial technical effects of the display modules, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0321] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the splicing screen shown in Figure 32 along section line GG. As shown in Figure 33, the splicing screen includes multiple display modules M01, which are the display modules shown in Figure 27. Multiple display modules shown in Figure 27 are spliced ​​together to form the splicing screen.

[0322] In this example, the back panel B21 and the middle frame B23 are located on the side of the optical component B24 away from the display panel A10. The edge of the optical component B24 is the edge of the display module M01, which can achieve an extremely narrow bezel of the display module M01, improve the display effect between two adjacent display modules M01 of the splicing screen, and improve the overall display effect of the splicing screen.

[0323] Similarly, the multiple display modules M01 included in the video wall can also be the display modules shown in Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 30, or Figure 31. Further details will not be provided here.

[0324] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a display device is also included. This display device includes any of the display modules described above. Therefore, the display device can possess the beneficial technical effects corresponding to the beneficial technical effects of the display module, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0325] In some examples, the display device can be any product or component with display functionality, such as a television, laptop, tablet, mobile phone, navigator, wearable device, virtual reality device, or outdoor display screen.

[0326] The following points need to be explained:

[0327] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of this disclosure. Other structures can be referred to the general design.

[0328] (2) Where there is no conflict, features of the same embodiment and different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0329] The above are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display panel, wherein, The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a color filter layer located on the side of the second substrate closer to the first substrate. The color filter layer includes a plurality of color resist blocks arranged in an array. The first substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is the surface of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate, and the second surface is the surface of the first substrate close to the second substrate. The first surface is provided with a plurality of groove structures, including a plurality of first groove structures. The orthographic projection of the plurality of first groove structures on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of color resist blocks on the second substrate. Wherein, the width of the first groove structure is less than or equal to the width of the color resist block, and the length of the first groove structure is greater than or equal to the length of the color resist block.

2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, The height of the first groove structure is greater than 30 μm, and / or, The first groove structure includes a first refractive surface, and the first refractive surface and the first surface have a first acute angle, which is greater than or equal to 22° and less than or equal to 37°.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein, The first refractive surface includes a planar portion and a curved portion connected to each other, the curved portion being located on the side of the planar portion away from the second surface. The planar portion is tangent to the arcuate portion, and / or the radius of curvature of the arcuate portion is greater than or equal to 29 μm and less than or equal to 150 μm.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The first groove structure is strip-shaped, and / or, The orthographic projection of one of the color resist blocks on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the plurality of the first groove structures on the second surface.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes multiple data lines extending along the Y direction and arranged along the X direction, and multiple gate lines extending along the X direction and arranged along the Y direction. The multiple data lines and the multiple gate lines are located on the side of the first substrate closer to the second substrate. The extending direction of the first groove structure is parallel to the extending direction of the gate line or the extending direction of the data line, or... The extension direction of the first groove structure has a first angle with the extension direction of the gate line or the extension direction of the data line, and the first angle is 30 degrees to 60 degrees.

6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixel units arranged in an array. The area of ​​the sub-pixel unit projected onto the second surface is a first area, and the area of ​​the first groove structure projected onto the second surface is a second area. The ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than 30%.

7. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes multiple data lines and multiple gate lines located on the side of the first substrate near the second substrate, and a light-shielding structure located on the side of the second substrate near the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface covers the orthographic projections of the multiple data lines and the multiple gate lines on the second surface. The plurality of groove structures includes a second groove structure parallel to the first groove structure, wherein the width of the second groove is less than the width of the light-shielding structure and greater than the width of the data line or greater than the width of the gate line.

8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, The height of the second groove structure is greater than 50 μm, and / or, The second groove structure includes a second refractive surface, which has a second angle with the first surface, the second angle being greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°.

9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, The inner wall of the second groove structure is provided with a reflective layer.

10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, The area of ​​the second groove structure projected onto the second surface is the third area, and the area of ​​the light-shielding structure projected onto the second surface is the fourth area. The ratio of the third area to the fourth area is greater than 11.5%.

11. The display panel of claim 7, wherein, The height of the second groove structure is greater than the height of the first groove structure, and / or, The bottom wall of the second groove structure includes at least one of a planar structure and a wave structure.

12. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The plurality of groove structures includes a third groove structure, the orthographic projection of the third groove structure onto the second surface overlapping the orthographic projection of the peripheral area onto the second surface. The inner wall of the third groove structure is provided with a reflective layer.

13. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The plurality of groove structures includes a third groove structure, wherein the orthographic projection of the third groove structure onto the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the peripheral area onto the second surface, wherein... The third groove structure is configured to satisfy at least one of the following conditions: The height of the third groove structure is greater than 50 μm; The third refractive surface of the third groove structure has a third included angle with the first surface, the third included angle being greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°; The bottom wall of the third groove structure includes at least one of a planar structure and a wave structure.

14. The display panel of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: A polarizer, wherein the polarizer is in contact with the first surface, An adhesive structure is provided to bond the polarizer and the first surface. Wherein, the bonding structure is located within the groove structure, or, The bonding structure is located within the groove structure other than the first groove structure.

15. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein, The display panel includes multiple data lines and multiple gate lines located on the side of the first substrate near the second substrate, and a light-shielding structure located on the side of the second substrate near the first substrate. The orthographic projection of the light-shielding structure on the second surface covers the orthographic projections of the multiple data lines and the multiple gate lines on the second surface. The multiple groove structures include a second groove structure parallel to the first groove structure. The bonding structure is located within the second groove structure; and or, The display panel includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The plurality of groove structures includes a third groove structure parallel to the first groove structure, and the orthographic projection of the third groove structure on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the peripheral area on the second surface. The bonding structure is located within the third groove structure.

16. The display panel of claim 14, wherein, Also includes: At least one adhesive layer located on the incident light side of the polarizer, The adhesive layer comprises a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of second portions are filled with a medium, and the refractive index of the medium is less than that of the plurality of first portions. And / or, the refractive index of the medium is less than 1.

2.

17. The display panel according to claim 16, wherein, The display panel includes a pixel electrode located on the side of the first substrate closer to the second substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second portion on the second surface overlaps with the orthographic projection of the pixel electrode on the second surface.

18. The display panel of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect. The plurality of first portions are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction and the second direction, and / or The distance between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is the first distance, the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is the first dimension, and the first distance is equal to the first dimension. The distance between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is the second distance, the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is the second dimension, and the second distance is equal to the second dimension.

19. The display panel of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, and the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is a first dimension. The spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, and the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is a second dimension. The first spacing and the second spacing are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, and the first size and the second size are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

20. The display panel of claim 13, wherein, Also includes: At least one optical film located on the incident light side of the polarizer, Wherein, the at least one adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer being located on the side of the at least one optical film close to the first substrate. The refractive index of the first adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film.

21. The display panel according to claim 14, wherein, At least one optical film located on the incident light side of the polarizer, The at least one optical film includes at least one prism sheet and at least one diffuser plate. The at least one adhesive layer includes a second adhesive layer located between the at least one prism sheet and the at least one diffuser plate. The refractive index of the second adhesive layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the prism sheet, and less than the refractive index of the diffuser plate.

22. The display panel of claim 20, wherein, The surface of the prism sheet facing away from the second adhesive layer is provided with a plurality of prism structures, and the orthographic projection of one of the plurality of prism structures on the diffuser plate overlaps with the orthographic projection of at least one of the plurality of second parts on the diffuser plate.

23. A backlight module, comprising: include: A diffuser sheet and at least one optical film, and a second adhesive layer bonding the diffuser sheet and the at least one optical film together. The second adhesive layer comprises a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of second portions are filled with a medium, the refractive index of the medium being less than the refractive index of the plurality of first portions, and / or the refractive index of the medium being less than 1.

2.

24. The backlight module according to claim 23, wherein, The refractive index of the medium is less than the refractive index of the diffuser and less than the refractive index of the optical film, and / or The refractive index of the first portion is less than or equal to the refractive index of the optical film, and less than or equal to the refractive index of the at least one optical film.

25. The backlight module according to claim 23, wherein, The plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect. The plurality of first portions are arranged at equal intervals along the first direction and the second direction, and / or The distance between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is the first distance, the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is the first dimension, and the first distance is equal to the first dimension. The distance between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is the second distance, the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is the second dimension, and the second distance is equal to the second dimension.

26. The backlight module according to claim 23, wherein, The plurality of first portions are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction. The spacing between two adjacent first portions along the first direction is a first spacing, and the dimension of the first portion along the first direction is a first dimension. The spacing between two adjacent first portions along the second direction is a second spacing, and the dimension of the first portion along the second direction is a second dimension. The first spacing and the second spacing are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm, and the first size and the second size are greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 60 μm.

27. A display module, wherein, It includes a backlight module according to any one of claims 23-26 and a display panel according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the light-emitting side of the backlight module and the light-incident side of the display panel are opposite to each other.

28. A display device comprising: Includes the display module according to claim 27.

29. A display module for tiled screens, wherein, It includes a backlight module and a display panel, wherein the light-emitting side of the backlight module and the light-incident side of the display panel are opposite to each other. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, at least one optical film, and an adhesive layer. The at least one optical film is located on the light-incident side of the display panel, and the adhesive layer is located on the side of the at least one optical film close to the first substrate and adheres to the at least one optical film. The adhesive layer comprises a plurality of first portions and a plurality of second portions arranged at intervals, the plurality of second portions being filled with a medium having a refractive index less than that of the plurality of first portions and less than that of the at least one optical film. The backlight module includes a back panel and an optical component. The optical component is located on the light-incident side of the display panel. The back panel includes a first support surface and a second support surface located on the light-incident side of the display panel. The display panel is located on the first support surface, and the optical component is located on the second support surface.

30. A method of manufacturing the display panel according to claim 1, wherein, include: Prepare the first initial substrate and the second substrate; The surface of the first initial substrate facing away from the second substrate is patterned to form the first substrate having the plurality of groove structures; The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled, and the liquid crystal layer is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein, Also includes: A mask is provided on one side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided, wherein the mask includes a main body portion, the main body portion blocking the pixel electrode and exposing the light-shielding structure; Apply an adhesive layer so that the adhesive layer is located within the second groove structure; Remove the mask to leave the adhesive layer located within the second groove structure; and A polarizer is attached to one side of the first substrate where the plurality of groove structures are provided.

32. A method of manufacturing a backlight module according to any one of claims 23-26, wherein, include: Prepare the diffusion sheet; A printing plate is covered on the main surface of the diffuser sheet, wherein the printing plate includes a plurality of perforated structures spaced apart from each other; An adhesive layer is applied so that the adhesive layer is located within the hollow structure and forms the plurality of first parts that are separated from each other; Remove the printed circuit board to leave the plurality of first portions; At least one optical film is attached to the side of the plurality of first portions away from the diffuser sheet; and The plurality of first parts are subjected to a curing process.

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