Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

One aspect of the present disclosure is a terminal that comprises a reception unit that receives a setting for a signal for channel estimation and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal. A sequence for the signal is scaled using the scaling factor and mapped onto a physical resource onto which data is mapped.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In NR, terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations demodulate data based on demodulation reference signals (DMRS) transmitted along with downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) data (shared channel).

[0006] Meanwhile, regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered. For example, data demodulation using AI technology is being explored.

[0007] However, there is still much research into which signals should be used for channel estimation / data demodulation based on AI technology. If appropriate signals are not used for channel estimation / data demodulation, improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, and communication quality may be hindered.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that utilize signals appropriate for channel estimation / data demodulation.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives settings for a signal for channel estimation, and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of signals is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a signal suitable for channel estimation / data demodulation can be used.

[0011] Figure 1 shows an example of a pre-DMRS and an additional DMRS. Figures 2A and 2B show an example of a double-symbol DMRS. Figure 3 shows an example of the first part of the antenna port table for PDSCH. Figure 4 shows an example of the second part of the antenna port table for PDSCH. Figure 5 shows an example of a table for the ratio of PDSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE. Figure 6 shows an example of an antenna port table for PUSCH. Figure 7 shows another example of an antenna port table for PUSCH. Figure 8 shows an example of a table for the ratio of PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE. Figure 9 shows an example of an S-DMRS. Figure 10 shows an example of the power distribution of an S-DMRS according to Embodiment #1. Figure 11 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 1 of Embodiment #1. Figure 12 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 2-1 of Embodiment #1. Figure 13 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 2-2 of Embodiment #1. Figure 14 shows an example of power distribution of S-DMRS according to Embodiment #2. Figure 15 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 1 of Embodiment #2. Figure 16 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 2-1 of Embodiment #2. Figure 17 shows an example of a table for the scaling factor of option 2-2 of Embodiment #2. Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0013] For example, UEs / Base Stations (BS) are being considered to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0014] The AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information, such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, or a classification, based on the input information. The UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0015] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics: - estimation based on observed or collected information, - selection based on observed or collected information, - prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0016] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0017] In this disclosure, an object may be, for example, a device or apparatus such as a UE or BS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, an object may refer to a program / model / entity operating on such apparatus.

[0018] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the term "AI model" may also mean a data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0019] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI / ML models, AI models, ML models, models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, AI models may be trained / derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0020] AI model inference may also refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0021] Furthermore, the UE-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the UE. The network-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the network (e.g., gNB).

[0022] Furthermore, a one-sided model may refer to either the UE-side model or the network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, for example, the first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the rest by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0023] Model activation may mean enabling an AI model for a specific function. Model deactivation may mean deactivating an AI model for a specific function. Model switching may mean deactivating the currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0024] (DMRS) DMRS is used for channel estimation / data demodulation for PDSCH / PUSCH.

[0025] The front-loaded demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is the first (first symbol or near the first symbol) DMRS for faster demodulation (reduction of data demodulation time) (Figure 1). For high-speed mobile terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) or high modulation and coding scheme (MCS) / rank, {0, 1, 2, 3} additional DMRS can be configured by RRC IE. Additional DMRS are effective for scenarios such as high Doppler frequencies and high MCS. The frequency positions of the additional DMRS are the same as those of the front-loaded DMRS.

[0026] For the frequency domain, either (PDSCH / PUSCH) DMRS setting type 1 or 2 is set. ◆DMRS setting type 1 has a comb structure and is applicable to both CP-OFDM (transport precoding disabled) and DFT-S-OFDM (transport precoding enabled). The minimum RE (subcarrier) group in the frequency domain is one RE. For example, type 1 may be used for better coverage. ◆DMRS setting type 2 is applicable only to CP-OFDM. The minimum RE group in the frequency domain is two consecutive REs. For example, type 2 may be used for a higher rank.

[0027] Single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS can be configured. ◆Single-symbol DMRS is commonly used (it is a mandatory feature in Rel. 15). In single-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0, 1, 2, 3}. Single-symbol DMRS supports both cases where frequency hopping is enabled and disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is not set, single-symbol DMRS is used. In DMRS configuration type 1, DMRS is placed in one RE for every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain. In DMRS configuration type 2, DMRS is placed in two consecutive REs for every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain. ◆Double-symbol DMRS is used for more DMRS ports (especially for Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO)). In double-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0,1}. Double-symbol DMRS supports the case where frequency hopping is disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is 2 (len2), whether it is single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is determined by DCI or configured grant. A DMRS is placed in one RE for every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 2A shows an example of DMRS configuration type 1 for double-symbol DMRS. In DMRS configuration type 2, a DMRS is placed in two consecutive REs for every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 2B shows an example of DMRS configuration type 2 for double-symbol DMRS.

[0028] For additional DMRS [in the time domain], the additional DMRS position is set by the higher-level parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition. ◆For example, in the case of single symbol DMRS, mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l0. For example, single symbol DMRS, mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l d In the case where = 10, the DMRS position is l0, 9. For example, single symbol DMRS, mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos3, l d In the case of =12, the DMRS positions are l0, 5, 8, 11. For example, in the case of single symbol DMRS, mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=pos0, the DMRS position is l0. For example, single symbol DMRS, mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=pos3, l d In the case of =7, the DMRS position is l0,4. ◆For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=pos0, the DMRS position is l0. For example, double symbol DMRS, mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=pos1,l d In the case where = 10, the DMRS position is l0, 8. For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l0. For example, double symbol DMRS, mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l d In the case where the value is 10, the DMRS positions are l0 and l7.

[0029] Multiple DMRS ports mapped to the same resource element (Resource Element (RE), a resource in time and frequency) are called a DMRS code division multiplexing (CDM) group.

[0030] For the basic DMRS in Rel. 15, enhanced DMRS is introduced in Rel. 18. The enhanced DMRS is set by the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh.

[0031] There are several parameters for DMRS ports. ◆ OCC type: A Walsh matrix is used for the OCC of PDSCH. A cyclic shift is used for the OCC of PUSCH. ◆ FD-OCC: As two FD-OCCs for the basic DMRS, w f (k’), k’ = 0, 1 are used for w f (1). As four FD-OCCs for the enhanced DMRS, w f (k’), k’ = 0, 1, 2, 3 are used. ◆ TD-OCC: As two TD-OCCs for the double-symbol DMRS, w t (l’), l’ = 0, 1 are used.

[0032] Several configurations are available for DMRS, as follows: ◆Configuration 1: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 1, Single Symbol DMRS Up to four DMRS ports are available using two CDM groups' FDM and two FD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group. ◆Configuration 2: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 1, Double Symbol DMRS Up to eight DMRS ports are available using two CDM groups' FDM and two FD-OCCs (length 2) and two TD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group. ◆Configuration 3: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 2, Single Symbol DMRS Up to six DMRS ports are available using three CDM groups' FDM and two FD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group. ◆Setting 4: Basic DMRS, Setting Type 2, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available through FDM in three CDM groups and a CDM using two FD-OCCs (length 2) and two TD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group. ◆Setting 5: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 1, Single Symbol DMRS Up to 8 DMRS ports are available through FDM in two CDM groups and a CDM using four FD-OCCs (length 4) within each CDM group. ◆Setting 6: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 1, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 16 DMRS ports are available through FDM in two CDM groups and a CDM using four FD-OCCs (length 4) and two TD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group. ◆Setting 7: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 2, Single Symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available through FDM in three CDM groups and CDM using four FD-OCCs (length 4) within each CDM group. ◆Setting 8: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 2, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 24 DMRS ports are available through FDM in three CDM groups and CDM using four FD-OCCs (length 4) and two TD-OCCs (length 2) within each CDM group.

[0033] In this disclosure, Existing DMRS, Existing DMRS Function, Existing DMRS Type, Existing DMRS Setting Type, dmrs-Type, DMRS Setting Type 1 / 2, DMRS with FD-OCC of length 2, Rel. 15 DMRS Type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the setting of an Existing DMRS Setting Type, the setting of an Existing DMRS Setting Type 1 or 2, and the non-setting of an Extended DMRS Type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the non-setting of DMRS Setting Type 1, DMRS Type 1, DMRS Type=1, DMRS Type 1, and dmrs-Type set to type2 may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the setting of DMRS Setting Type 2, DMRS Type 2, DMRS Type=2, DMRS Type 2, and dmrs-Type set to type2 may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0034] In this disclosure, the terms Enhanced DMRS, Enhanced DMRS function, Enhanced DMRS type, Enhanced DMRS configuration type, configuration / higher layer parameters for Enhanced DMRS type, Enhanced DMRS type, enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18, dmrs-TypeEnh, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1 / 2, DMRS with FD-OCC of length 4, and Rel. 18 DMRS type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the terms Enhanced DMRS configuration type being configured, enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18 being configured, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 being configured, and Enhanced DMRS type being configured may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1, DMRS extension type 1, DMRS extension type = 1, DMRS eType 1, and the terms Enhanced DMRS type being configured and dmrs-Type being set to type 2 not being configured may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the terms "extended DMRS setting type 2," "DMRS extended type 2," "DMRS extended type = 2," "DMRS eType 2," and "extended DMRS type is set and dmrs-Type is set to type 2" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0035] In this disclosure, the maximum length of the DMRS, maxLength, and the maximum number of OFDM symbols in the front-loaded DMRS may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the values ​​of maxLength {'len1','len2'} and maxLength={1,2}[symbol] may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0036] In this disclosure, FD-OCC, w f (k'), may be read as interchangeable. In this disclosure, TD-OCC, w t (l'), and TD-OCC of length 2, may be read as interchangeable.

[0037] In this disclosure, existing OCC, existing FD-OCC, FD-OCC of length 2, and Rel. 15 FD-OCC may be read interchangeably. In this disclosure, new OCC, new FD-OCC, FD-OCC longer than 2, Rel. 18 FD-OCC, and w f (k'), and FD-OCC of length 4, may be read as interchangeable.

[0038] In this disclosure, existing DMRS ports, Rel. 15 DMRS ports, existing DMRS ports to which FD-OCC applies, DMRS ports within the port number range of existing DMRS, existing DMRS ports, and existing DMRS may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, new DMRS ports, Rel. 18 DMRS ports, new DMRS ports to which FD-OCC applies, DMRS ports outside the port number range of existing DMRS, extended DMRS ports, and extended DMRS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0039] In the existing specifications, the DMRS setting in the frequency domain is represented by parameter k (the subcarrier index of the DMRS RE), and the DMRS setting in the time domain is represented by parameter l (the symbol index of the DMRS RE).

[0040] The table showing parameters for DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 of PUSCH or PDSCH (DMRS parameter table) is PDSCH DMRS port p or PUSCH DMRS port p ~And, CDM group λ, Δ related to frequency offset, FD-OCC W f (k'), TD-OCC W t (l') indicates an association with at least one of the following.

[0041] The symbol index l is l=l - It is represented by +l'. - l' represents the position of the DMRS in the time domain. For a single-symbol DMRS, l'=0. For a double-symbol DMRS, l'=0,1.

[0042] v is the number of layers. j=0, 1, ..., v-1 are the layer indices. p_j is the port number of layer j. μ is the subcarrier spacing (SCS) setting. Δ is related to the CDM group ID. CDM group 0 corresponds to Δ=0, CDM group 1 corresponds to Δ=1, and CDM group 2 corresponds to Δ=4. The DMRS sequence r(n) is represented using a pseudo-random (pseudo-noise) sequence c(n).

[0043] w f (k') (FD-OCC) and w t (l') (TD-OCC) is the orthogonal cover code as defined in the specification. If the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set, the FD-OCC length is 4; otherwise, the FD-OCC length is 2. The TD-OCC length is 2.

[0044] n=0,1,... are indices for each FD-OCC.

[0045] ((PDSCH DMRS Mapping)) The UE assumes that PDSCH DMRS is mapped to a physical resource according to configuration type 1 or configuration type 2, given by the higher-layer parameter dmrs-Type for PDSCH DMRS. [DMRS] [Pseudo-random sequence] r(m) is adapted to the [amplitude scaling] factor β to match the transmit power specified in the specification. PDSCH DMRSThe UE assumes that it is scaled by and mapped to resource elements (k,l)p,μ according to the following: DMRS[quantity]α mapped to physical resources ~ k,l (p_j,μ) It is given as follows: —◆When the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set (extended DMRS), α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) =β PDSCH DMRS w f (k')w t (l')r(4n+k') For setting type 1, k = 8n+2k'+Δ For setting type 2, k'=0,1, k = 12n+k'+Δ For setting type 2, k'=2,3, k = 12n+k'+Δ+4 k' = 0, 1, 2, 3 ―◆Otherwise (basic DMRS), α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) = β PDSCH DMRS w f (k')w t (l')r(2n+k') For setting type 1, k = 4n+2k'+Δ For setting type 2, k = 6n+k'+Δ k' = 0, 1

[0046] W f (k'), W t (l') and Δ are given by the DMRS parameter table.

[0047] For multiple REs for PUSCH DMRS, the following condition is met: ◆These multiple REs are located within a common resource block designated for PDSCH transmission.

[0048] If the corresponding PDCCH is associated with CORESET0 and the Type 0-PDCCH common search space and is destined for SI-RNTI, the reference point for k is subcarrier 0 of the lowest numbered resource block in CORESET0. Otherwise, the reference point for k is subcarrier 0 in common resource block 0.

[0049] The reference point for l and the position l0 of the first DMRS symbol depend on the mapping type, as follows: ◆In PDSCH mapping type A, l and l0 are based on the following: -◆l is defined relative to the start of the slot. -◆l0 = 3 if the upper layer parameter dmrs=TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos3'. Otherwise, l0 = 2. ◆In PDSCH mapping type B, l and l0 are based on the following: -◆l is defined relative to the start of the scheduled PDSCH resource. -◆l0 = 0.

[0050] The location of the DMRS symbol is as follows: - and duration l d It is given by. ◆In mapping type A, l d This is the duration between the first OFDM symbol of that slot and the last OFDM symbol of the scheduled PDSCH resource within that slot. ◆In mapping type B, l d This is the duration of the scheduled PDSCH resource.

[0051] In PDSCH mapping type A, the position of the DMRS symbol is based on the following: ◆ dmrs-AdditionalPosition is equal to 'pos3' ◆ If dmrs-TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos2', only the case where dmrs-AdditionalPosition is equal to 'pos3' is supported. ◆ If dmrs-TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos2', then in the single-symbol DMRS table and the double-symbol DMRS table of the specification, respectively d =3 symbols and l d=4 symbols only are applicable. ◆In single-symbol DMRS, l1=12 if all of the following conditions are met, and l1=11 otherwise. —◆The upper layer parameters lte-CRS-ToMatchAround, lte-CRS-PatternList1, lte-CRS-PatternList2, lte-CRS-PatternList3, or lte-CRS-PatternList4 are set. —◆The upper layer parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition is equal to 'pos1' and l0=3. —◆The UE has indicated that additionalDMRS-DL-Alt is possible.

[0052] In PDSCH mapping type B, the position of the DMRS symbol is based on the following: ◆The PDSCH duration is l relative to the normal cyclic prefix. d ∈{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13} OFDM symbols, or the PDSCH duration for an extended cyclic prefix is ​​l d If there are ∈{2,4,6} OFDM symbols and the preceding DMRS of PDSCH conflicts with a resource reserved for the search space set associated with CORESET, then l - The DMRS position is incremented until the first DMRS symbol occurs immediately after its CORESET and there are no more collisions with CORESETs, and the DMRS position is based on the following: —◆PDSCH duration l d If there are two symbols, the UE is not expected to receive a DMRS symbol after the second symbol. —◆PDSCH duration l d If there are 5 symbols and one additional single-symbol DMRS is configured, and the preceding DMRS symbol is on the first symbol of the PDSCH duration, the UE expects the additional DMRS to be transmitted only on the 5th symbol; otherwise, the UE expects no additional DMRS to be transmitted. —◆PDSCH duration dHowever, when there are normally 7 symbols for a cyclic prefix, or 6 symbols for an extended cyclic prefix, the DMRS position is based on the following: --◆When one additional single-symbol DMRS is set, if the preceding DMRS symbol is within the first or second symbol of the PDSCH duration, the UE expects the additional DMRS to be transmitted only on the fifth or sixth symbol, respectively. Otherwise, the UE expects the additional DMRS not to be transmitted. --◆When the PDSCH duration is l d If there are ∈{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13} OFDM symbols, the UE is not expected to receive a preceding DMRS after the fourth symbol. —◆PDSCH duration l d If there are 12 or 13 symbols, the UE is not expected to receive DMRS mapped to symbols 12 and beyond in the slot. —◆PDSCH duration other than 2, 5, and 7 symbols d For all values ​​of , its UE is (l d -1) It is not expected that DMRS will be received after the first symbol. ◆PDSCH duration l d If the number is 4 OFDM symbols or less, only single-symbol DMRS is supported. ◆When the upper layer parameters lte-CRS-ToMatchAround, lte-CRS-PatternList1, lte-CRS-PatternList2, lte-CRS-PatternList3, or lte-CRS-PatternList4 are set, and the PDSCH duration l is normally set for the cyclic prefix. dIf the number of symbols is 10, and the subcarrier spacing setting μ=0, and a single symbol DMRS is set, and at least one PDSCH DMRS symbol in the PDSCH arrangement collides with a symbol containing a resource element indicated by its upper layer parameters lte-CRS-ToMatchAround, lte-CRS-PatternList1, lte-CRS-PatternList2, lte-CRS-PatternList3, or lte-CRS-PatternList4, then l - It is incremented by 1 in all slots.

[0053] The time domain index l' and the supported antenna port p are given by the specification table. DMRS is based on the following: ◆ If the upper layer parameter maxLength is not set in the DMRS-DownlinkConfig information element (IE), single-symbol DMRS is used. ◆ If the upper layer parameter maxLength in the DMRS-DownlinkConfig IE is equal to 'len2', the associated DCI determines whether single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is used. ◆ The upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh controls whether basic DMRS multiplexing or extended DMRS multiplexing is used.

[0054] ((Notification of PDSCH DMRS Ports)) One or more DMRS ports used for PDSCH transmission are notified to the UE by the DCI [antenna port field] based on a table (antenna port table) for specifying antenna ports (DMRS ports) [for DMRS setting type 1 or 2 and DMRS maximum length 1 or 2]. Based on an antenna port table such as table AD-2 in Figures 3 and 4, the value of the antenna port field notifies the UE of the index of one or more DMRS ports, the number of preceding DMRS symbols, and the number of DMRS CDM group(s) without data. The UE counts the RE number based on the notified information.

[0055] ((PDSCH DMRS Reception Procedure)) The UE may receive, or assume, the number of DMRS CDM groups without data from a specific DCI format.

[0056] When receiving a PDSCH scheduled according to DCI format 1_1, the UE assumes that the CDM group indicated in the configured index from the antenna port table includes a DL DMRS scheduled simultaneously and is not used for data transmission. Here, the numbers "1", "2", and "3" in the DMRS CDM group numbers in the antenna port table correspond to CDM groups 0, {0,1}, and {0,1,2}, respectively.

[0057] When receiving a PDSCH scheduled according to DCI format 1_0, 4_0, or 4_1, the UE assumes that for the case of a PDSCH with a placement duration of 2 symbols, the number of DMRS CDM groups without data is 1, which corresponds to CDM group 0; and for the other cases, the UE assumes that the number of DMRS CDM groups without data is 2, which corresponds to CDM group {0,1}.

[0058] ((PDSCH DMRS power distribution)) Scaling factor β of PDSCH DMRS PDSCH DMRS The scaling factor is defined based on the energy per resource element (EPRE) of PDSCH REs and the number of DMRS CDM groups without data. Its scaling factor can balance the average power of DMRS symbols and general PDSCH symbols. Depending on the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the scaling factor can be set to 0, -3, or -4.77 [dB]. This means that the EPRE of DMRS is greater than or equal to the EPRE of PDSCH REs.

[0059] The ratio of PDSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE for DL ​​DMRS associated with PDSCH. DMRS [dB] is given by Table PD in Figure 5, according to the number of DMRS CDM groups without data (the larger the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the higher β) DMRS UE assumes that (it will become smaller). The DMRS [amplitude] scaling factor is β PDSCH DMRS It is given by =10-(β_DMRS / 20).

[0060] If data is not mapped to REs of CDM groups other than a specific CDM group corresponding to a certain layer, the power for those REs can be used to increase the transmit power of the DMRS of the specific CDM group (the transmit power of the DMRS of the specific CDM group is multiplied (scaled) by the "number of DMRS CDM groups without data").

[0061] ((Determining the transport block (TB) size for PDSCH)) UE is the number of REs in the slot N RE To decide.

[0062] UE first determines the number of REs (N') to be placed for PDSCH within the physical resource block (PRB). RE ) to, N' RE =N scRB ・N symb sh -N DMRS PRB -N oh PRB is determined by. Here, N sc RB = 12 is the number of subcarriers within a PRB, and N symb sh is the number of symbols of the PDSCH allocation within a slot, and N DMRS PRB is the number of REs for DMRS per PRB within the scheduled duration including the overhead of the DMRS CDM group without data, as indicated by DCI format 1_1 or 1_2, or as described in the specification for DCI format 1_0, and N oh PRB is the overhead set by the upper layer parameter xOverhead in PDSCH-ServingCellConfig.

[0063] Thus, the number of REs N for DMRS per PRB DMRS PRB is subtracted from the number of REs available for TB transmission.

[0064] ((PUSCH DMRS Mapping)) The [pseudo-random sequence] r(m) for PUSCH DMRS is mapped to an intermediate quantity α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) as follows. ◆When transform precoding is not effective, α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) is based on the following. -◆When the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set (extended DMRS), α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) = w f (k')w t(l')r(4n+k') For setting type 1, k=8n+2k'+Δ For setting type 2, k'=0,1, k=12n+k'+Δ For setting type 2, k'=2,3, k=12n+k'+Δ+4 k'=0,1,2,3 l=l - +l' n=0,1,... j=0,1,...,v-1 ―◆Otherwise (basic DMRS), α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')w t (l')r(2n+k') For setting type 1, k=4n+2k'+Δ For setting type 2, k=6n+k'+Δ k'=0,1 n=0,1,... j=0,1,...,v-1 ◆If transform precoding is not enabled, α ~ k,l (p_j,μ) This is based on the following: α ~ k,l (p_0,μ) =w f (k')w t (l')r(2n+k') k=4n+2k'+Δ k'=0,1 n=0,1,...

[0065] W f (k'), W t (l') and Δ are given by the DMRS parameter table. The configuration type is given by the upper layer parameter DMRS-UplinkConfig. Both k' and Δ are p ~ 0,...,p ~ v-1 Corresponds to Δ being p ~ j When supporting any antenna port other than the intermediate quantity α ~ k,l (p~_j,μ) = 0

[0066] According to the following equation, the intermediate quantity α ~ k,l (p~_j,μ) The amplitude scaling factor β is precoded [by the precoding matrix W] to conform to the transmit power specified in the specification. PUSCHDMRS It is multiplied by and mapped to a physical resource. [α k,l (p_0,μ) ... α k,l (p_(ρ-1),μ)] T =β PUSCH DMRS W[α ~ k,l (p~_0,μ) ... α ~ k,l (p~_(v-1),μ)=] T

[0067] Here, W is the precoding matrix W given by the specification. Antenna port set {p0,...,p ρ-1} is given by the specifications. Set of antenna ports {p ~ 0,...,p ~ v-1} is given by the specification.

[0068] For multiple REs for PUSCH DMRS, the following conditions are met: ◆α ~ k,l (p~_j,μ) The multiple REs for this purpose are located within a common resource block that is set up for PUSCH transmission.

[0069] If translation precoding is disabled, the reference point for k is subcarrier 0 in common resource block 0. If translation precoding is enabled, the reference point for k is subcarrier 0 of the lowest numbered resource block in scheduled PUSCH.

[0070] The reference point for l and the position l0 of the first DMRS symbol depend on the mapping type, as follows: ◆In PUSCH mapping type A, l and l0 are based on the following: —◆If frequency hopping is disabled, l is defined relative to the start of the slot. If frequency hopping is enabled, it is defined relative to the start of each hop. —◆l0 is given by the upper layer parameter dmrs=TypeA-Position. ◆In PUSCH mapping type B, l and l0 are based on the following: —◆If frequency hopping is disabled, l is defined relative to the start of the scheduled PUSCH. If frequency hopping is enabled, it is defined relative to the start of each hop. —◆l0=0.

[0071] The location of one or more DMRS symbols is as follows: - and duration l d It is given by. ◆If intra-slot frequency hopping is not used, l d This is the duration between the first OFDM symbol in the slot and the last OFDM symbol of the scheduled PUSCH resource in the slot for PUSCH mapping type A. ◆If in-slot frequency hopping is not used, l d This is the duration of the scheduled PUSCH resource within the slot for PUSCH mapping type B. ◆When in-slot frequency hopping is used, l dThis is the duration per hop. ◆If maxLength in DMRS-UplinkConfig is equal to 'len2', the associated DCI or configuration grant setting determines whether single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is used. ◆If the upper layer parameter msgA-MaxLength in msgA-DMRS-Config is equal to 'len2', double-symbol DMRS is used. ◆If the upper layer parameter is not set to 'pos0' and intra-slot frequency hopping is enabled by the upper layer, the specification table is used assuming that dmrs-AdditionalPosition is equal to 'pos1' for each hop.

[0072] In PUSCH mapping type A, the position of one or more DMRS symbols is based on the following: ◆ If dmrs-TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos2', only the case where dmrs-AdditionalPosition is equal to 'pos3' is supported. ◆ If dmrs-TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos2', then the position of one or more DMRS symbols in the specification table is supported. d Only the =4 symbol is applicable.

[0073] Time domain index l' and supported antenna port p ~ j This is given by the specification table.

[0074] ((Notification of PUSCH DMRS Ports)) One or more DMRS ports used for PUSCH transmission are notified to the UE by the DCI [antenna port field] based on a table for antenna port (DMRS port) indication (antenna port table) [for at least one of DMRS setting type 1 or 2, DMRS maximum length 1 or 2, and rank]. Based on an antenna port table such as table AU-12 in Figure 6 and table AU-13 in Figure 7, the value of the antenna port field notifies the UE of the index of one or more DMRS ports, the number of preceding DMRS symbols, and the number of DMRS CDM group(s) without data. The UE counts REs based on the notified information.

[0075] ((PUSCH DMRS transmission procedure)) The UE may determine the number of DMRS CDM groups without data from a specific DCI format, or may assume the number of DMRS CDM groups without data.

[0076] The minimum number of DMRS CDM groups without data is 1. This means that at least one of the one or more designated DMRS ports will not be used for data transmission.

[0077] The UE assumes that for a PUSCH scheduled by DCI format 0_1, or with a CRC scrambled by CS-RNTI, or configured by setting grant type 1, the DMRS CDM group indicated in the antenna port table will not be used for data transmission. Here, the numbers "1", "2", and "3" in the antenna port table for DMRS CDM groups correspond to CDM groups 0, {0,1}, and {0,1,2}, respectively.

[0078] For a PUSCH scheduled by DCI format 0_0, or scheduled by activation DCI format 0_0 with a CRC scrambled by CS-RNTI, the UE assumes that in the case of a PUSCH with invalid conversion precoding and a placement duration of two or fewer OFDM symbols, the number of dataless DMRS CDM groups is 1 and corresponds to CDM group 0; in the case of a PUSCH scheduled by activation DCI format 0_0, and dmrs-Type in DMRS-UplinkConfig is equal to 'type2', and the PUSCH placement duration is more than two OFDM symbols, the UE assumes that the number of dataless DMRS CDM groups is 3 and corresponds to CDM groups {0,1,2}; and for all other cases, the UE assumes that the number of dataless DMRS CDM groups is 2 and corresponds to CDM groups {0,1}.

[0079] For a MsgA PUSCH transmission, if the UE does not have msgA-PUSCH-DMRS-CDM-group configured, the UE assumes that two DMRS CDM groups will be configured. Otherwise, msgA-PUSCH-DMRS-CDM-group indicates which DMRS CDM group from the {0,1} set will be used.

[0080] For an MsgA PUSCH transmission, if the UE does not have msgA-PUSCH-NrofPorts configured, the UE assumes that four ports are configured for each DMRS CDM group for double-symbol DMRS. Otherwise, a value of 0 for msgA-PUSCH-NrofPorts indicates the first port for each DMRS CDM group, and a value of 1 for msgA-PUSCH-NrofPorts indicates the first two ports for each DMRS CDM group.

[0081] ((PUSCH DMRS Power Allocation)) Power for UL DMRS is determined in the same way as for DL.

[0082] For UL DMRS associated with PUSCH, UE is the ratio β of PUSCH EPRE to DMRS EPRE. DMRS [dB] is given by Table PU in Figure 8, according to the number of DMRS CDM groups without data (the larger the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the higher β DMRS UE assumes that (it will become smaller). The DMRS [amplitude] scaling factor is β PUSCH DMRS It is given by =10-(β_DMRS / 20).

[0083] If data is not mapped to REs of CDM groups other than a specific CDM group corresponding to a certain layer, the power for those REs can be used to increase the transmit power of the DMRS of the specific CDM group (the transmit power of the DMRS of the specific CDM group is multiplied (scaled) by the "number of DMRS CDM groups without data").

[0084] (Determining the Transport Block (TB) Size for PUSCH) The UE determines the TB size (TBS) based on the following steps:

[0085] ◆0≦I MCS When ≤ 27, and conversion precoding is disabled, and the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table 2 for PDSCH is used, or 0 ≤ I MCS When ≤ 28, and conversion precoding is disabled, and a table other than MSC table 2 for PDSCH is used, or 0 ≤ I MCS When ≤ 27 and conversion precoding is enabled, the UE first determines the TBS as follows: —◆The UE first determines the number of REs (N') to be placed for PUSCH in the physical resource block (PRB) RE ) to, N' RE =N sc RB ・N symb sh -N DMRS PRB -Noh PRB This is determined by N. sc RB =12 is the number of subcarriers in the PRB, and N symb sh L is the number of symbols for the PUSCH placement for a scheduled PUSCH or configured PUSCH, and N is the number of symbols for the PUSCH placement for a scheduled PUSCH or configured PUSCH. DMRS PRB N is the number of RES for DMRS per PRB within the placed duration, including the overhead of the DMRS CDM group without data, as described in the specification for PUSCH with a setting grant, or as indicated by DCI format 0_1, 0_2, or 0_3, or as described in the specification for DCI format 0_0. oh PRB This is the overhead set by the higher-layer parameter xOverhead in PUSCH-ServingCellConfig. oh PRB If (a value from 6, 12, or 18) is not set, N oh PRB It is assumed that is 0. For the PUSCH transmission of Msg3 or MsgA, N oh PRB This is always set to 0. For PUSCH repeat type B, assuming a nominal repetition with a duration of L symbols without segmentation, N DMRS PRB This will be decided.

[0086] Thus, the number of RES for DMRS per PRB is N. DMRS PRB This is deducted from the number of RES available for TB transmission.

[0087] (Pilot / DMRS and data overlay) In 5G reference signal (RS) design, the overhead of DMRS is proportional to the number of layers.

[0088] Superimposed pilot (S-pilot) or superimposed DMRS (S-DMRS) is directly superimposed on the data signal (shared channel). S-DMRS and data transmission use a non-orthogonal method to avoid conflicts and enable resource sharing.

[0089] S-DMRS and data are transmitted non-orthogonally (multiplexed) (overlapping in time and frequency). All resources for transmission are used for transmitting both S-DMRS and data. S-DMRS and data are superimposed by multiplying them with different power weights (power domain multiplexing). For example, the power ratio of DMRS and data may be W1:W2 = 0.1:0.9.

[0090] An AI / ML receiver may be used for both channel estimation and demodulation based on the received signal. The output of the AI / ML model may be a demodulated bit string. Channel estimation and equalization may be performed implicitly within the model.

[0091] In the example shown in Figure 9, the transmitter transmits DMRS multiplied by power weight W1 and data multiplied by power weight W2, superimposed on the same time-frequency resource. The receiver uses an AI / ML model to estimate and detect the channel of the received signal.

[0092] S-DMRS can reduce DMRS overhead and improve transmission efficiency (resource utilization efficiency) / throughput.

[0093] However, when the S-DMRS method is introduced to solve transmission efficiency problems, how to design S-DMRS in the frequency domain, time domain, code domain, and sequence has not been sufficiently considered. If such a design is not clearly defined, improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, and communication quality may be suppressed.

[0094] Therefore, the inventors conceived the design of S-DMRS. In one embodiment of this disclosure, S-DMRS does not necessarily have to utilize an AI model (it may be based on calculations other than an AI model, functions, databases, etc.).

[0095] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0096] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0097] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0098] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0099] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0100] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0101] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0102] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0103] In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: ◆FDM: frequency division multiplexing ◆TDM: time division multiplexing ◆CDM: spatial division multiplexing

[0104] In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A b c The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0105] In this disclosure, “functionality” may mean a set of parameters / features supported based on conditions specified by UE capability (e.g., a set of parameters for eMDMA, CSI prediction, beam prediction, CSI compression, etc.).

[0106] In this disclosure, "model identifier (ID)" may mean an ID associated with a functionality / additional condition (or the model corresponding to that ID). Note that the model ID may be interpreted as an AI ID, dataset ID, pairing ID, etc.

[0107] In this disclosure, the terms "feature" and "functionality" may be interpreted as "feature," "function," or "functionality."

[0108] In this disclosure, the terms model, function, functionality, model ID, function ID, functionality ID, entity, module, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0109] In this disclosure, "module" may be interpreted as "processing," "processing unit," "model," etc.

[0110] In this disclosure, terms such as process, procedure, operation, and behavior may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0111] In this disclosure, information, settings, instructions, notices, messages, fields, DCI, and RRC IE may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0112] In this disclosure, data, PDSCH, and PUSCH may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0113] In this disclosure, the terms "generate," "derive," and "determine" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In this disclosure, physical resources, PRB, REs, OFDM symbols, and time-frequency resources may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0115] In this disclosure, a frequency [domain] resource may be at least one of one or more subcarriers and one or more RBs.

[0116] In this disclosure, a time resource [domain] may consist of at least one of one or more [OFDM] symbols and one or more slots.

[0117] In this disclosure, the code resource [domain] may be at least one of FD-OCC and TD-OCC.

[0118] In this disclosure, the S-DMRS sequence may be at least one of a pseudo-random sequence, a Gold sequence, and a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence.

[0119] In this disclosure, S-DMRS may be referred to simply as DMRS.

[0120] In this disclosure, the scaling factor, β [dB], β DMRS [dB], DMRS [linear] [amplitude] scaling factor (β PDSCH DMRS or β PUSCH DMRS ), [Power] offset, power distribution, and the ratio of EPRE to EPRE of DMRS data (PDSCH or PUSCH) may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0121] (Wireless communication method) Superimposed DMRS (S-DMRS) may be a type of RS that can be transmitted over the same resources as other channel / signal resources. Other channels / signals may include at least one of other DMRS, PDSCH, PUSCH, or CSI-RS. S-DMRS, configuration type Y (where Y is, for example, 3), superimposed transmission, and transmission scheme X may be interchangeable. For example, S-DMRS may be called a DMRS of configuration type 3. For example, S-DMRS may be a type of RS for PDSCH or PUSCH and may be transmitted over the same resources as the data symbols of PDSCH or PUSCH.

[0122] In this disclosure, [S-]DMRS, PDSCH DMRS, PUSCH DMRS, DL DMRS, UL DMRS, RS, [S-]Pilot signal, DL pilot signal, UL pilot signal, Applicable signal, Applicable DL signal, Applicable UL signal, and signal for channel estimation may be interpreted as one of the following: channel estimation, CSI estimation, radio measurement, beam control, [data]demodulation, and synchronization.

[0123] The functionality / model of S-DMRS may have at least one of the following functions / models: S-DMRS generation, S-DMRS reception, and S-DMRS transmission.

[0124] The function / model for S-DMRS generation may be an entity / function of the UE that generates / determines an RS (e.g., DMRS), a corresponding code, a sequence of RSs, and at least one mapping pattern [to a time-frequency resource]. The mapping pattern may be a set of parameters or an ID that indicates what the UE generates and the corresponding settings.

[0125] The S-DMRS receiving function / model may also be a function / model / entity of a UE that processes the received signal when S-DMRS is used. This function / model / entity may perform at least one of the following processes: channel estimation, symbol detection, data demodulation, data / S-DMRS position determination, and S-DMRS and data separation. This function / model / entity may take the received signal as input and the results of its processing as output.

[0126] The function / model of S-DMRS transmission may also be a function / model / entity of a UE that processes the transmitted signal when S-DMRS is used. This function / model / entity may include at least one of the following: determining the data / S-DMRS location, mapping the data / S-DMRS to a physical resource, determining the power ratio of S-DMRS to data, and multiplexing S-DMRS and data. This function / model / entity may take the transmitted data as input and the results of its processing as output.

[0127] The UE may receive information (e.g., RRC setting / DCI) for a signal for channel estimation (e.g., S-DMRS). The setting may include at least one of the following: DMRS setting type (e.g., dmrs-Type), additional DMRS location (e.g., dmrs-AdditionalPosition), maximum number of OFDM symbols for the preceding DMRS (maxLength), activation / enablement of the S-DMRS receiving / transmitting / generating function / model, the ID of the function / model of the S-DMRS receiving / transmitting / generating function / model, and one or more parameters for the S-DMRS.

[0128] For example, if at least one of the S-DMRS receiving function / model and the S-DMRS generating function / model is activated, the UE may assume that the S-DMRS / data for PDSCH is mapped to a physical resource.

[0129] For example, if at least one of the S-DMRS transmission function / model and the S-DMRS generation function / model is activated, the UE may map S-DMRS / data for PUSCH to a physical resource.

[0130] The UE may determine a scaling factor (e.g., β) based on the information (information for S-DMRS). The scaling factor may be the ratio [dB] of the EPRE of the data (PDSCH or PUSCH) to the EPRE of the DMRS, or the ratio [dB] of the EPRE of the DMRS to the EPRE of the data (PDSCH or PUSCH).

[0131] S-DMRS series r(m) (or intermediate quantity α based on that series) ~ k,l (p_j,μ) ) is [code resource (e.g., FD-OCC w f (k') / TD-OCC w t The data may be multiplied by (l'), scaled by the scaling factor, and mapped to the physical resource to which the data is mapped. This procedure may be rephrased as at least one of the following multiple procedures x: ◆Procedure 1: The UE assumes that a sequence of S-DMRS for PDSCH (or an intermediate quantity based on the sequence) is multiplied by the [sign resource (e.g., FD-OCC / TD-OCC), scaled by the scaling factor, and mapped to the physical resource to which the data is mapped. ◆Procedure 2: The UE multiplies the sequence of S-DMRS for PUSCH (or an intermediate quantity based on the sequence) by the [sign resource (e.g., FD-OCC / TD-OCC), scaled by the scaling factor, and mapped to the physical resource to which the data is mapped.

[0132] <Embodiment #1> This embodiment relates to the power distribution of an S-DMRS for a PDSCH.

[0133] For S-DMRS, the power distribution between DMRS and PDSCH, and the power distribution between multiple DMRS ports, may be more flexible.

[0134] In the example in Figure 10, DMRS port #1 is associated with PDSCH layer #1, and DMRS port #2 is associated with PDSCH layer #2. The data of PDSCH layer #1 is given a power offset of +10dB relative to the S-DMRS of DMRS port #1 (the S-DMRS of DMRS port #1 is scaled by a power offset of -10dB relative to the data of PDSCH layer #1), and that data and its S-DMRS are multiplexed on the same physical resources (RES) (first multiplexing). PDSCH layer #2 is given a power offset of +6dB relative to the S-DMRS of DMRS port #2 (the S-DMRS of DMRS port #2 is scaled by a power offset of -6dB relative to the data of PDSCH layer #2), and that data and its S-DMRS are multiplexed on the same physical resources (RES) (first multiplexing). DMRS ports #1 and #2 (PDSCH layers #1 and #2) may be multiplexed on the same physical resources (RES) (second multiplexing). Power distribution between ports (layers) may be applied to DMRS ports #1 and #2 (PDSCH layers #1 and #2).

[0135] The power (amplitude) of the S-DMRS may be given by a scaling factor β. In other words, the power distribution between the PDSCH and the S-DMRS, and the power distribution between multiple DMRS ports, may be given by a scaling factor. The same scaling factor may be applied to the multiple S-DMRS corresponding to each of the multiple ports, or different scaling factors may be applied.

[0136] The EPRE of S-DMRS may be lower than the EPRE of PDSCH. There may be no constraints on the relative magnitudes of the EPRE of S-DMRS and the EPRE of PDSCH.

[0137] <<Embodiment #1-1>> The UE may perform the following procedure with respect to the power / EPRE of the S-DMRS.

[0138] ◆Procedure: If a UE specifies / configures / instructs an S-DMRS, the UE may assume that the S-DMRS [series] is scaled (multiplied) by a scaling factor β for each DMRS port for receiving the DL's channels / signals and mapped to physical resources (RESs). The DL's channels / signals may be, for example, at least one of PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH. The UE may have the following behavior x regarding the determination of the value of β:

[0139] ―◆Behavior 1: The UE may assume a default value, a set value, or an indicative value for β. The UE may be based on one of the following assumptions y: ―◆Assumption 1: The UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to all indicative ports / layers. ―◆Assumption 2: The UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to groups of ports / layers. For example, the UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to ports #1000 to #1003 (port group #1), or ports #1004 to #1007 (port group #2). For example, the UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to layers #0 to #3 (layer group #1), or layers #4 to #7 (layer group #2). ―◆Assumption 3: The UE may assume that factor β [value] is specific to a port / layer.

[0140] ―◆Behavior 2: The UE may assume that the value of factor β is determined by the function / model for S-DMRS generation (the UE may determine the value of factor β using the function / model for S-DMRS generation).

[0141] <<Embodiment #1-2>> The UE may receive information / settings / instructions / notifications / messages / fields / DCI / RRC IE for a value of β represented by at least one of the following multiple options x. The information may be a DCI or a field within a DCI. The field may be an existing field or a new field.

[0142] ◆Option 1 That information is, 2 N This is N bits representing β, which is quantized using individual levels. This information may be a new field in DCI (e.g., DMRS power distribution field, scaling factor field). A table may be introduced for mapping this field to β. In the example table PAD-1 in Figure 11, N=2. The value of this field is associated with the value of β [dB].

[0143] ◆Option 2: Existing antenna port notifications (fields / messages, e.g., antenna port fields) are reused to carry the information. This option may be based on one of the following multiple options 2-y.

[0144] ―◆Option 2-1 The UE may use an alternative table to the existing antenna port table that is configured / instructed / defined for receiving antenna port notifications. The alternative table may include the value of β in addition to the values ​​of the antenna port field and the DMRS port index. In the example in Figure 12, the table PAD-2-1 may associate the value of the antenna port field with the value of one or more DMRS port indexes and the value of β [dB]. The actual antenna port index (number) may be given by 1000 + DMRS port index. If one value of the antenna port field is associated with two values ​​of the DMRS port index, the two values ​​of the DMRS port may each be associated with two values ​​of β.

[0145] The number of DMRS CDM groups that do not have data, such as in an existing antenna port table (e.g., Table AD-2), may not be required for S-DMRS. In this case, multiple different values ​​of antenna ports associated with the same value of a DMRS port in the existing antenna port table may be associated with multiple different values ​​of β, respectively.

[0146] ―◆Option 2-2 The UE may use a configurable / instructed / defined additional table for mapping between antenna ports and β in order to obtain the value of β after receiving an antenna port notification. The value of β may be implicitly indicated by the value of the antenna port field. Along with such an additional table, an existing antenna port table (e.g., table AD-2) may be reused to associate the value of the antenna port field with the DMRS port index. In the example in Figure 13, the additional table PAD-2-2 may be a mapping table showing the mapping from the value of the DMRS port index to the value of β. In other words, the UE may use an existing antenna port table to determine the value of the DMRS port (or antenna port index) from the value of the antenna port field, and use the additional table to determine the value of β from the value of the DMRS port index.

[0147] According to this embodiment, power can be flexibly allocated to the S-DMRS for the PDSCH.

[0148] <Embodiment #2> This embodiment relates to the power distribution of an S-DMRS for a PUSCH.

[0149] Compared to S-DMRS, the power distribution between DMRS and PUSCH, and the power distribution between multiple DMRS ports, may be more flexible.

[0150] In the example in Figure 14, DMRS port #1 is associated with PUSCH layer #1, and DMRS port #2 is associated with PUSCH layer #2. The data of PUSCH layer #1 is given a power offset of +10 dB relative to the S-DMRS of DMRS port #1 (the S-DMRS of DMRS port #1 is scaled by a power offset of -10 dB relative to the data of PUSCH layer #1), and that data and its S-DMRS are multiplexed on the same physical resource (RES) (first multiplexing). PUSCH layer #2 is given a power offset of +6 dB relative to the S-DMRS of DMRS port #2 (the S-DMRS of DMRS port #2 is scaled by a power offset of -6 dB relative to the data of PUSCH layer #2), and that data and its S-DMRS are multiplexed on the same physical resource (RES) (first multiplexing). DMRS ports #1 and #2 (PUSCH layers #1 and #2) may be multiplexed on the same physical resources (RES) (second multiplexing). Power distribution between ports (layers) may be applied to DMRS ports #1 and #2 (PUSCH layers #1 and #2).

[0151] The power (amplitude) of the S-DMRS may be given by a scaling factor β. In other words, the power distribution between the PUSCH and the S-DMRS, and the power distribution between multiple DMRS ports, may be given by a scaling factor. The same scaling factor may be applied to the multiple S-DMRS corresponding to each of the multiple ports, or different scaling factors may be applied.

[0152] The EPRE of S-DMRS may be lower than the EPRE of PUCH. There may be no constraints on the relative magnitudes of the EPRE of S-DMRS and the EPRE of PUCH.

[0153] <<Embodiment #2-1>> The UE may perform the following procedure with respect to the power / EPRE of the S-DMRS.

[0154] ◆Procedure: If the UE specifies / sets / instructs S-DMRS, the S-DMRS [sequence / intermediate quantity] may be scaled (multiplied) by factor β for each DMRS port for receiving channels / signals of the UL and mapped to physical resources (RES) (the UE may scale S-DMRS by factor β for each DMRS port for receiving channels / signals of the UL and map it to physical resources (RES)). The UL's channels / signals may be, for example, at least one of PUCCH, PUSCH. The UE may have the following behavior x regarding the determination of the value of β.

[0155] ―◆Behavior 1: The UE may assume a default, set, or instructed value for β. The UE may be based on one of the following assumptions y: ―◆Assumption 1: The UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to all instructed ports / layers (the UE may apply the same factor β [value] to all instructed ports / layers). ―◆Assumption 2: The UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to a group of ports / layers (the UE may apply the same factor β [value] to a group of ports / layers). For example, the UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to ports #0 through #3 (port group #1), or ports #4 through #7 (port group #2). For example, the UE may assume that the same factor β [value] is applied to layers #0 through #3 (layer group #1), or layers #4 through #7 (layer group #2). ◆Assumption 3: The UE may assume that factor β [value] is specific to a port / layer (the UE may apply a port / layer specific factor β [value]).

[0156] ―◆Behavior 2: It can be assumed that the value of factor β is determined by the function / model of S-DMRS generation, and that its UE is determined by this.

[0157] <<Embodiment #2-2>> The UE may receive setting / instruction / notification / information regarding the value of β, which is represented by at least one of the following multiple options x. The information may be in the DCI or in a field within the DCI. The field may be an existing field or a new field.

[0158] ◆Option 1 That information is, 2 N This is N bits representing β, which is quantized using individual levels. This information may be a new field in DCI (e.g., DMRS power distribution field, scaling factor field). A table may be introduced for mapping this field to β. In the example table PAU-1 in Figure 15, N=2. The value of this field is associated with the value of β [dB].

[0159] ◆Option 2: Existing antenna port notifications (fields / messages, e.g., antenna port fields) are reused to carry the information. This option may be based on one of the following multiple options 2-y.

[0160] ―◆Option 2-1 The UE may use an alternative table to the existing antenna port table that is set / instructed / specified for receiving antenna port notifications. The alternative table may include the value of β in addition to the values ​​of the antenna port field and the DMRS port index. In the example in Figure 16, the table PAU-2-1 may associate the value of the antenna port field with the value of one or more DMRS port indexes and the value of β [dB]. The actual antenna port index (number) may be given by the DMRS port index. If one value of the antenna port field is associated with two values ​​of the DMRS port index, the two values ​​of the DMRS port may each be associated with two values ​​of β.

[0161] The number of DMRS CDM groups that do not have data, such as existing antenna port tables (e.g., tables AU-12, AU-13), may not be required for S-DMRS. In this case, multiple different values ​​of antenna ports associated with the same value of a DMRS port in the existing antenna port tables may be associated with multiple different values ​​of β, respectively.

[0162] ―◆Option 2-2 The UE may use a configurable / instructed / defined additional table for mapping between antenna ports and β in order to obtain the value of β after receiving an antenna port notification. The value of β may be implicitly indicated by the value of the antenna port field. Along with such an additional table, existing antenna port tables (e.g., tables AU-12, AU-13) may be reused to associate the values ​​of the antenna port field with the DMRS port index. In the example in Figure 17, the additional table PAU-2-2 may be a mapping table showing the mapping from the value of the DMRS port index to the value of β. In other words, the UE may use an existing antenna port table to determine the value of the DMRS port (or antenna port index) from the value of the antenna port field, and use an additional table to determine the value of β from the value of the DMRS port index.

[0163] According to this embodiment, power can be flexibly allocated to the S-DMRS for the PUSCH.

[0164] <Variation #1> In behavior 2 of Embodiment #1-1 / Embodiment #2-1, the function / model for S-DMRS generation may determine the value of factor β based on at least one of the following parameters: ◆ Measured communication quality / interference / error rate / RSRP / SINR. ◆ Required error rate / service. The service may be one of several services, including at least one of enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB) and Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and may be indicated by a priority indicator field / priority index in DCI. ◆ Receiving / transmitting data volume / coding rate / TB size. ◆ Number of receiving / transmitting ports / layers. ◆ Rules defined in the specification for factor β.

[0165] For example, the lower the measured SINR, the greater the power of the S-DMRS may be. For example, the higher the instructed priority, the greater the power of the S-DMRS may be.

[0166] <Variation #2> In Embodiment #1-1 / Embodiment #2-1, the UE may determine a factor β, which is the ratio of the EPRE of the data (PDSCH or PUSCH) to the EPRE of the DMRS, [for the power distribution of data and DMRS in the first multiplexing described above], and may determine a factor (offset) α between multiple ports / layers [for the power distribution between multiple ports / layers in the second multiplexing described above]. For example, in Assumption 1 / Assumption 2 of Behavior 1 of Embodiment #1-1 / Embodiment #2-1, the UE may determine a factor β common to multiple ports / layers and a factor α specific to a port / layer among the multiple ports / layers.

[0167] A sequence of S-DMRS (or an intermediate quantity based on the sequence) may be multiplied by a sign resource (e.g., FD-OCC / TD-OCC), scaled by factor β, scaled by factor α, and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped. A sequence of data may be scaled by factor α and mapped to a physical resource to which the S-DMRS is mapped.

[0168] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0169] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0170] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0171] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0172] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0173] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0174] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0175] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0176] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0177] The above-mentioned specific UE capability may represent at least one of the following: - Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; - Supporting at least one of the following: receiving PDSCH using S-DMRS and additional information for that S-DMRS (such as the maximum number of layers); - Supporting at least one of the following: transmitting PUSCH using S-DMRS and additional information for that S-DMRS (such as the maximum number of layers).

[0178] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC), or a capability per functionality / model.

[0179] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0180] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0181] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Note 1> A terminal having a receiving unit that receives settings for a signal for channel estimation, and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of the signal is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the same value is applied as the scaling factor to a plurality of ports of the signal. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein a value unique to each port is applied as the scaling factor to a plurality of ports of the signal. <Note 4> The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the receiving unit receives information for the scaling factor, and the information is associated with an antenna port index and the scaling factor, and at least one of the latter. <Supplement> The terminal may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210. <Note A> A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits settings for a signal for channel estimation; and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of signals is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped. <Supplement> The base station may be a base station 10. The transmitting unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit may be a control unit 110.

[0182] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0183] Figure 18 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0184] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0185] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0186] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0187] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0188] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0189] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0190] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0191] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0192] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0193] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0194] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0195] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0196] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0197] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0198] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0199] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0200] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0201] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0202] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0203] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0204] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0205] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0206] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0207] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0208] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0209] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0210] (Base Station) Figure 19 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0211] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0212] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0213] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0214] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0216] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0217] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0220] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0222] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0225] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0226] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0227] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0228] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0229] (User Terminal) Figure 20 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0230] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0231] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0232] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0233] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0235] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0236] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0239] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0240] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0242] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0245] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0246] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0247] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0248] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0249] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0250] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0251] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0252] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0253] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0254] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0255] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0256] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0257] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0258] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0259] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0260] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0261] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0262] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0263] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0264] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0265] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0266] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0267] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0268] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0269] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0270] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0271] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0272] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0273] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0274] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0275] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0276] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0277] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0278] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0279] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0280] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0281] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0282] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0283] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0284] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0285] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0286] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0287] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0288] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0289] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0290] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0291] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0292] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0293] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0294] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0295] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0296] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0297] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0298] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0299] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0300] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0301] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0302] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0303] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0304] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0305] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0306] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0307] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0308] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0309] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0310] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0311] Figure 22 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0312] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0313] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0314] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0315] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0316] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0317] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0318] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0319] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0320] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0321] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0322] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0323] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0324] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0325] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0326] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0327] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0328] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0329] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0330] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0331] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0332] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0333] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0334] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0335] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0336] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0337] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0338] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0339] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0340] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0341] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0342] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0343] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0344] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0345] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives settings for a signal for channel estimation, and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of signals is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the same value is applied as the scaling factor to multiple ports of the signal.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein a value unique to each port is applied as the scaling factor to a plurality of ports of the signal.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information for the scaling factor, and the information is associated with at least one antenna port index and the scaling factor.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of receiving a setting for a signal for channel estimation, and determining a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of signals is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits settings for a signal for channel estimation, and a control unit that determines a scaling factor for the signal, wherein the sequence of signals is scaled by the scaling factor and mapped to a physical resource to which the data is mapped.

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