Assemblies, systems, and methods for analyzing material samples

Abstract

An assembly for scanning a core or rock sample is disclosed. The assembly includes a first high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at a first location on the core or rock sample and a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample along a first detection axis. A first collimator surrounds the first detection axis. The first collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.

Description

Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1ASSEMBLIES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING MATERIAL SAMPLES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63 / 720,378, filed November 14, 2025, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to systems for inspecting core or rock samples.BACKGROUND

[0003] Typically, analysis of core or rock (or other geological material) samples requires shipping of the samples to a distant laboratory, where the samples are cut and then either crushed or scanned in a controlled environment by specially trained personnel. This analysis process is frequently associated with lengthy sample handling times, delays caused by limited access to the laboratory or limited trained personnel, and delays caused by detailed analysis and reporting. Consequently, from the time the core or rock sample is obtained, it often takes months to complete the analysis of a core or rock sample. Thus, the core or rock analysis process is not integrated into the conventional drilling workflow process. Rather, it is a separate process that frequently encounters extensive delays.

[0004] Additionally, existing systems for analyzing core or rock samples typically require extensive user training and certification before the systems can be used. Further, although comparative core analysis methods rely on the objective consistency of the location of sample points, existing core analysis systems make it nearly impossible to repeat sampling from a consistent location. Still further, existing portable core analysis systems lack appropriate methods and sufficient precision to produce meaningful data, whereas larger, more powerful core analysis systems require installation in laboratories with controlled environments, where only trained technicians are authorized to work.

[0005] Thus, there is a need for systems and methods that address one or more of the deficiencies of known systems and methods for analyzing core or rock samples. For example, there is a need for material analysis systems and methods that are integral to the overall drilling workflow process and designed for operation by a member of the drilling team. As another example, there is a need for fully integrated, autonomous material analysis#4915-5093-2601 v1 1Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1systems and methods that provide repeatable, location-identified, quantifiable sample data that can be produced in a time window (e.g., within minutes or hours) that is far less than that required to complete conventional material sample analysis.SUMMARY

[0006] Disclosed herein is an assembly for analyzing (e.g., scanning) a material (e.g., core or rock) sample. The assembly includes a first high energy' photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at a first location on the material (e.g., core or rock) sample and a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy’ photon emitter from the first location on the matenal (e.g., core or rock) sample along a first detection axis. A first collimator surrounds the first detection axis. The first collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] FIG. 1 A is a rear perspective view of an exemplary’ material analysis system as disclosed herein. FIG. IB is a top view of the material analysis system of FIG. 1A FIG. 1C is a front perspective view of the material analysis system of FIG. 1 A.

[0008] FIG. 2A is a top view of an exemplary’ material analysis system as disclosed herein. FIG. 2B is a side perspective view of the material analysis system of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2C is a left side elevational view of the material analysis system of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2D is a front elevational view of the material analysis system of FIG. 2 A. FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view of the material analysis system of FIG. 2A, taken at line A-A depicted in FIG. 2D.

[0009] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting electrical communication between a material analysis assembly, a central database, and consumers as disclosed herein.

[0010] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram depicting the flow of material samples through an exemplary material analysis system as disclosed herein.

[0011] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary’ data network arrangement for use with the material analysis system as disclosed herein.

[0012] FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram depicting the communication between components of an exemplary' material analysis system as disclosed herein. FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram#4915-5093-2601 v1 2Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1depicting the communication between the processing components of an exemplary material analysis system and various actuators positioned throughout the system.

[0013] FIGS. 7A-7B are images of exemplary' displays of core sample segments on a core box as disclosed herein. As show n, a system operator can use a human machine interface to select or ’tag" portions of the material sample segments for exclusion from analysis as further disclosed herein.

[0014] FIGS. 8A-8B are left and right perspective views of an exemplary trailer for enclosing and transporting an analysis assembly as disclosed herein.

[0015] FIG. 9A is a side perspective view' of an exemplary verification assembly as disclosed herein, with the arm of the verification assembly positioned in an operative “presentation” position. FIG. 9B is a side perspective view of the verification assembly of FIG. 9A, with the arm of the verification assembly positioned in a rest position (and the actuator associated with the arm in an extended position). FIG. 9C is an end perspective view' of the arm and the cover of the verification assembly of FIG. 9A as the arm approaches the cover (and prior to movement of the cover to enclose the receptacles of the arm).

[0016] FIG. 10A is an image depicting a stop projection and a locator pin of an exemplary tray adapter assembly as disclosed herein. FIG. 10B is an image depicting the placement of an adapter relative to the stop projection and the locator pin such that the locator pin extends through an alignment opening of the adapter.

[0017] FIG. 11 A is a top plan view' of an exemplary adapter as disclosed herein. FIG. 1 IB is aside elevational view of a longitudinal edge of the adapter of FIG. 11 A. FIG. HC is a side elevational view of a transverse edge of the adapter of FIG. 11 A. As shown, each edge of the adapter can be folded inwardly toward an interior portion of the adapter.

[0018] FIG. 12A is an image depicting an exemplary adapter extending across tw o spaced input rollers as further disclosed herein. FIG. 12B is an image depicting a container (e.g., core tray) positioned within an exemplary adapter as disclosed herein.

[0019] FIG. 13A is a perspective view' of an exemplary analysis assembly having a tray centering subassembly as disclosed herein. FIG. 13B is a perspective view of the tray#4915-5093-2601 v1 3Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1centering subassembly of FIG. 13 A. As shown, the tray centering subassembly can comprise first and second guides that are activated by respective actuators.

[0020] FIGS. 14A-14C show the progression of movement of a guide of the tray centering subassembly as a material container (e.g., core tray) (shown in phantom line) approaches the tray centering subassembly. More particularly, FIG. 14A depicts the tray in an elevated position and the guide in a lowered position, FIG. 14B depicts the tray in a lowered position and the guide in a raised position (to effect engagement between the guide and the tray), and FIG. 14C depicts the tray in the elevated position and the guide in the raised position.

[0021] FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an exemplary X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly.

[0022] FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15.

[0023] FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15 taken in a plane perpendicular to the plane in which FIG. 16 is taken..

[0024] FIG. 18 is a partial sectional view of a lower portion of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15.

[0025] FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15.

[0026] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an exemplary XRF detector and sleeve of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15.

[0027] FIG. 21 is a partial lower end view of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 15.

[0028] FIG. 22 is a partial sectional view of an exemplary’ XRF detection subassembly comprising removable collimators.

[0029] FIG. 23 is a partial sectional view of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 22, showing a first collimator in detail.

[0030] FIG. 24 is a partial sectional view of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 22, showing a second collimator in detail.#4915-5093-2601 v1 4Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0031] FIG. 25 is a partial sectional view of the XRF detection subassembly of FIG. 22, showing the second collimator in detail.

[0032] FIG. 26 is a comparison of data captured with and without a collimator as disclosed herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology and protocols described, as such may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

[0035] All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs unless clearly indicated otherwise.

[0036] Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the#4915-5093-2601 v1 5Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1other endpoint. Optionally, in some aspects, when values are approximated by use of the antecedents "about." “substantially,’7or “generally,” it is contemplated that values within up to 15%, up to 10%, up to 5%, or up to 1% (above or below) of the particularly stated value can be included within the scope of those aspects. In other aspects, when angular values are approximated by use of the antecedents “about,” “substantially,” or “generally,” it is contemplated that angular values within up to 15 degrees, up to 10 degrees, up to 5 degrees, or up to one degree (above or below) of the particularly stated angular value can be included w ithin the scope of those aspects.

[0037] As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

[0038] The w ord “or” as used herein means any one member of a particular list and, unless context dictates otherwise, in alternative aspects, can include any combination of members of that list.

[0039] The term “substantially perpendicular” is meant to indicate that elements (e.g., axes) are perpendicular within a given plane or oriented at an angle of less than 15 degrees (optionally, less than 10 degrees) relative to each other within the given plane.

[0040] The terms “core box” and “core tray” are used interchangeably herein.

[0041] The following description supplies specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding. Nevertheless, the skilled artisan would understand that the apparatus and associated methods of using the apparatus can be implemented and used without employing these specific details. Indeed, the apparatus and associated methods can be placed into practice by modifying the illustrated apparatus and associated methods and can be used in conjunction with any other apparatus and techniques conventionally used in the industry. XRF Detection Subassembly

[0042] Referring to FIGS. 22-25, an assembly 40 for scanning a material (e.g., core or rock) sample (e.g., XRF detection subassembly) can comprise a first high energy photon emitter 44a that is configured to emit a first beam of photons 220a at a first location 222a (FIG. 18) on the material (e.g., core or rock) sample. Optionally, in some aspects, the first photon emitter 44a can comprise a tube assembly having a vacuum therein. In these aspects, the tube#4915-5093-2601 v1 6Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1assembly can comprise an excitation source (e.g., a cathode) that is configured to bombard a target material with electrons to cause the target material to emit photons. A first detector 46a can be configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter 44a from the first location 222a on the material (e.g., core or rock) sample along a first detection axis 210a. Optionally, in some aspects, the first detector 46a can be a silicon drift detector. In other optional aspects, the first detector 46a can be a Cd-Te detector. In other optional aspects, the first detector 46a can be a germanium detector. A first external collimator 620a can surround the first detection axis 210a. The first external collimator 620a can be external to the first detector 46a. This can contrast to an internal (e.g., integral) collimator of the detector. In some aspects, the first external collimator 620a can be removably coupled to the assembly 40. Thus, as further disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the first external collimator 620a can be removed or decoupled from the assembly 40 without disturbing, or requiring modification of, the first detector 46a.

[0043] In some optional aspects, the assembly 40 can have only a single detector and a single emitter. In other aspects, the assembly 40 can further comprise a second high energy photon emitter 44b that is configured to emit a second beam of photons 220b at a second location 222b (FIG. 18) on the material (e.g., core or rock) sample. Optionally, in some aspects, the second photon emitter 44b can comprise a tube assembly having a vacuum therein. In these aspects, the tube assembly can comprise an excitation source (e.g., a cathode) that is configured to bombard a target material with electrons to cause the target material to emit photons. A second detector 46b can be configured to receive photons excited by the second high energy photon emitter 44b from the second location on the core sample along a second detection axis 210b. Optionally, in some aspects, the second detector 46b can be a silicon drift detector. In other optional aspects, the second detector 46b can be a Cd-Te detector. In other optional aspects, the second detector 46b can be a germanium detector. A second external collimator 620b can surround the first detection axis 210a. The second external collimator 620b can be external to the second detector 46b. In some aspects, the second external collimator 620b can be removably coupled to the assembly 40. Thus, as further disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the second external collimator 620b can be removed or decoupled from the assembly 40 without disturbing, or requiring modification of, the second detector 46b.#4915-5093-2601 v1 7Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0044] As further disclosed herein, the first and second emitters 44a, b can be configured to emit photons at different energies. Accordingly, in a single pass of the material (e.g., core or rock) sample, the assembly 40 can capture data associated with elements responsive to different energy levels.

[0045] It is further contemplated that each detector (e.g., the first and second detectors 46a, b) can comprise an collimator internal (e.g., integral) thereto. For example, the first detector can have a sensor and an internal collimator that stops photons radially outwardly of the sensor, relative to the detection axis, from passing by the sensor. In some aspects, the internal collimator can be disc-shaped. The internal collimator can have an inner bore that is coaxial with and has substantially the same diameter of an inner bore of the respective external collimator (e g., the first or second external collimator 620a,b). In other aspects, the detector can define an opening 214 having a diameter, and the diameter of the inner bore of the external collimator can be equal to, or substantially equal to, the diameter of the opening 214. Such a configuration can provide optimal signal-to-noise data. More generally, it is contemplated that the external collimator can inhibit photons from the sample from contacting parts of the detector other than the sensor that could generate noise or artifacts. Accordingly, the dimensions (e.g., length and diameter of the inner bore of the external collimator) can be configured to inhibit photons from bypassing the sensor and generating artifacts. Further, the dimensions of the external collimator can maximize a functional area of the sensor. For example, having too small of a diameter of the inner bore of the external collimator can reduce signal nose, whereas too large of a diameter can allow photons to miss the sensor and generate artifacts.

[0046] In some aspects, the assembly 40 can comprise a mounting block 202 defining an opening 231a surrounding the first detection axis 210a. The first external collimator 620a can be at least partly received within the opening 231a. Similarly, the mounting block 202 can define an opening 231b surrounding the second detection axis 210b. The second external collimator 620b can be at least partly received within the opening 231b.

[0047] For example, referring to FIGS. 22 and 23, the first external collimator 620a can comprise a body 622 defining a bore 623 and a flange 624 extending radially from the body 622. Similarly, the second external collimator 620b can comprise a body 622 and a flange 624 extending radially from the body 622. The body 622 can be receivable within the opening 231, and the flange 624 can abut a surface 205 of the mounting block 202. For#4915-5093-2601 v1 8Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1example, the mounting block 202 can define a respective bore 208 configured to receive each of the first and second detectors 46a, b. The first external collimator 620a can be received through a bore so that the flange 624 contacts the surface 205 at a bottom end of the bore 208. Once the first external collimator 620a is received through the bore, the first detector 46a can then be received in the bore 208. The body 622 of the first external collimator 620a can extend through the opening 231a. The body 622 of each collimator 220a, b can have selected geometry so that the beam of photons 220 does not intersect (e.g., impinge upon) the body. Further, the body 622 of each collimator 220a,b can have selected geometry so that the body 622 has a maximum length and / or a maximum wall thickness, or an optimal combination of maximized wall thickness and length. For example, the body 622 of each collimator 220a, b can be within about 5 mm. or within about 4 mm, or within about 3mm, or within about 2 mm, or within about 1 mm, or within about 0.5 mm of the beam of photons 220. In this way, optimal signal can be achieved. For example, the body 622 can have a distal end 626 spaced a predetermined length from the flange 624 so that beam of photons 220 passes closely by, but does not intersect, the body 622. In further aspects, the body 622 can have a rounded or tapered end. In this way, the body 622 can have a greater length, while avoiding the beam of photons 220 angularly oriented relative to the detection axis. Optionally, the bodies 622 of each of the first and second external collimators 620a, b can have different lengths. For example, the body 622 of the first external collimator 620a can have a greater length than the body of the second external collimator 620b, and can extend a greater dimension from the mounting block 202. In other aspects, the bodies 622 can have the same length.

[0048] In some aspects, the first external collimator 620a can be insertable into the bore 208 of the mounting block 202 so that the flange 624 rests against the mounting block (e.g. against the surface 205), and the first detector 46a can subsequently be placed over the first external collimator 620a. That is, the first external collimator 620a can be retained merely by receipt within the bore 208. In this way, to replace the first external collimator 620a with a different collimator of a different material or different geometry, the first detector 46a can be removed, the first external collimator 620a can be pulled from the bore 208, and the different collimator can be positioned within the bore 208. The second external collimator 620 be can similarly be replaced by removing the second detector 46b, removing the second external collimator 620. and replacing the second external collimator 620 with a different collimator of a different material or different geometry so that the flange of the different collimator rests on the mounting block 202.#4915-5093-2601 v1 9Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0049] Accordingly, by providing a collimator that is external to the detector, the collimator can be easily changed to select a desired material or to obtain different geometry (e.g., length, bore diameter, or wall thickness). For example, certain materials can create artifacts (e.g., signal noise at the energy levels indicative of a presence of an element desired to be detected in the sample) that can mask detection of the element desired to be detected. Accordingly, if the collimator is internal to the detector, the entire detector would need to be retooled or replaced. By providing the collimator externally to the detector, the assembly can be modified to optimize detection of particular elements. Further, the first and second external collimators 620a, b can be easily replaced without a need for special tools or jigs.Additionally, the external collimators can be replaced from above the assembly, without requiring any attachment structure (e.g.. retainers or fasteners) below the first external collimator that could undesirably contact the sample. Moreover, receipt of the external collimator within the bore 208 so that the flange rests on the mounting block can avoid use of additional materials (e.g., fasteners) that could generate undesirable signal artifacts. As can be understood, and as illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24, limited space exists between the sample, and the assembly 40, and the first beam 220a, and said space is advantageously free of materials that can generate undesirable signal artifacts. Accordingly, the disclosed collimators can be replaceable without any securing structure extending into the limited space and without requiring any materials that can generate undesirable signal artifacts. Further, by extending through the mounting block 202, the length of the collimator can be greater than a collimator attached to an underside of the mounting block.

[0050] It is further contemplated that the external collimator(s) can be removably secured to the assembly 40 using other structures or fasteners. For example, at least one latch, hasp, pin, lock, or the like can retain the external collimator to an underside of the mounting block 202.

[0051] In further aspects, the assembly 40 can comprise a shield 630 defining an opening 632 surrounding the first detection axis 210a. The first external collimator 620 can comprise a first material, and the shield 630 can comprise a second material that is different from the first material. For example, the first external collimator 620 can comprise aluminum, and the shield 630 can comprise copper. More generally, the materials can be selected based on the element(s) desired to be detected within the analyte as well as the energy of the photons emitted. For example, the materials can be free of the desired elements to be detected.Further, the materials can be configured to absorb photons energy levels that would constitute#4915-5093-2601 v1 10Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1noise in a detected signal. Accordingly, in various optional embodiments, the materials for the first external collimator and the shield can be a selected metal having a different spectral signature (e.g., photons emitted at one or more energy levels) than the that of the desired element(s) to be detected, while having a density sufficient to shield portions of the apparatus (e.g., detector) from photons that could cause artifacts (e.g., signal noise at the energy levels indicative of the desired element present in the sample).

[0052] Further, the second external collimator 620b can comprise a material that is different from the first external collimator 620a. For example, the second external collimator 620b can comprise polymer (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)). It is contemplated that polymer can inhibit lower energy photons from undesirably passing therethrough, while metal can be used for absorbing higher energy photons.

[0053] Although embodiments herein refer to first and second external collimators, it is contemplated that further embodiments are disclosed in which the assembly 40 has only a single high energy photon emitter and corresponding detector. The external collimator can be selected based on the energy emitted and the elements desired to be detected. Accordingly, some embodiments can comprise only the second external collimator and omit the first. For example, one embodiment comprises a single high energy photon emitter and corresponding detector and an external collimator comprising PTFE. In further aspects, it is contemplated that in embodiments where a plurality of high energy photon emitters and corresponding detectors are provided, only a portion (not all) of said emitters and corresponding detectors can also have a corresponding external collimator.

[0054] In some aspects, the body 622 of the first external collimator 620a and the shield 630 can cooperate to secure the first external collimator 620a relative to the mounting block 202. For example, the first external collimator 620a and / or the shield 630 can define tapered surfaces so that axial movement between the shield 630 and the first external collimator 630a forms an interference fit between the first external collimator 620a and the shield 630. For example, at least a portion of an outer surface 625 of the body 622 can define a taper that permits insertion of the first external collimator 620a into the shield 630. Further axial insertion of the first external collimator into the shield can lead to a wedging of the body 622 as the increasing outer dimension of the body 622 is greater than an inner dimension of the opening 632 in the shield 630. In this way, engagement between the first external collimator 620a and the shield 630 can secure both the first external collimator and the shield in the#4915-5093-2601 v1 11Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1assembly. Further, the interference fit can help center the first external collimator 620a relative to the shield. Further, an outer surface 638 of the shield 630 can center the shield relative to the opening 231a. In some aspects, the interference fit between the first external collimator 620a and the shield 630 can cause radial expansion of an outer surface 638 of the shield so that the outer surface 638 biases against surfaces of the opening 231a. Optionally, an outer surface of the shield 630 can define a taper so that a press-fit insertion of the shield into the opening 231a applies a radial force to reduce a diameter of the opening 632, thereby applying a compressive force against the first external collimator 630a to hold the first external collimator. For example, the shield 630 can comprise a first portion 634 that is insertable into the opening 231a and a flange 636. The first portion 234 can have a tapered outer surface 638.

[0055] In some aspects, the body 622 of the second external collimator 620b can have at least one feature for securing the second external collimator 620b within the mounting block 202. For example, the body 622 of the second external collimator 620b can comprise a widened portion and a narrowed neck between the widened portion and the flange. In this way, once the widened portion is pressed through the opening 231, the widened portion and the flange can retain the neck within the opening 231.

[0056] In other aspects, the first and / or second external collimator 620a, b can be coupled to the assembly via epoxy or adhesive.

[0057] In some aspects, the body 622 of the first external collimator 620a can have a diameter that is less than a dimeter of the body 622 of the second external collimator 620b.

[0058] As detailed herein, each external and / or removable collimator can inhibit photons not associated with the material (e.g., core or rock) sample (analyte) from arriving at the detector, thereby improving signal-to-noise ratio. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, the signal without the external collimator includes several large peaks of noise, whereas the signal with the external collimator has a single pronounced peak corresponding to the element in the analyte. By providing extemal / removable collimators, the assembly 40 can be configured for detecting different analytes without retooling the detector, thereby providing improved results without the need for significant delays or specialized labor. Each collimator can be selectively positioned within an assembly 40 for detecting particular analytes. It is further contemplated that by providing extemal / removable collimators, the assembly can be spaced#4915-5093-2601 v1 12Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1farther from the sample without substantially sacrificing signal, thereby preventing a proximity of the assembly that could lead to undesirable contact between the assembly and the sample.

[0059] In some aspects, a kit can comprise a plurality of collimators made from different materials. Optionally, the kit can include a case or other container including receptacles that receive respective collimators of the plurality of collimators, and the container can include indicia (e.g., labeling) that provides material information or other properties associated with each respective collimator. Optionally, the case or other container can be opened or closed to permit selective access to the collimators stored therein. Optionally, the case or other container can comprise a strap or handle to allow for easy transport of the collimators.Optionally, the kit can be provided in combination with an assembly or system as disclosed herein.Overview of Material (e.g.. Core or Rock) Sample Analysis Systems

[0060] In some aspects, the assembly for scanning a material (e.g., core or rock) sample can be integrated or otherwise configured for use within an analysis system. Disclosed herein, in various aspects and with reference to FIGS. 1A-14C are exemplary embodiments of a material analysis system 100 that are configured to provide qualitative analysis of materials (e.g., drilled core or rock samples) using a high-specification X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) system. In use, it is contemplated that the disclosed systems and methods can scan material (e g., drilled core) at required spatial intervals and within a reasonable time to permit desired on-site workflow while also providing meaningful chemo-stratigraphical data, which can be used by geologists and other personnel to interpret the region of drilling for additional drill targets. It is further contemplated that the analysis described herein can be completed by a member of the drilling team (e.g., a driller’s assistant) in between core sampling sequences (e.g., sample pulls). Thus, it is contemplated that the disclosed system can be readily and selectively deployed in the field and operate in at least a partially autonomous (optionally, fully autonomous) manner. In contrast to existing core analysis systems, the disclosed systems and methods can provide site-specific matrix calibration and permit the tailoring of XRF settings to energies of interest (corresponding to elements of interest). Additionally, it is contemplated that the use of helium gas as disclosed herein can reduce X-ray attenuation, particularly for light elements (Na-Ti). More generally, it is contemplated that the disclosed#4915-5093-2601 v1 13Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1system can function in an automated fashion to permit real-time acquisition of data without impacting drilling workflow.

[0061] Although generally disclosed herein as core or rock analysis systems and methods, it is contemplated that the disclosed systems and methods can be used to analyze other material samples, such as, for example and without limitation, ground or pulverized core or rock, chips produced during reverse circulation drilling operations, borehole walls, mud or dirt in an excavator or truck bed, etc., or material at any stage of a refining process (e.g., material slurry at beginning, intermediate, or final stages of ore refining). Accordingly, the term “core or rock sample” as disclosed herein can be understood to include any material sample, and the apparatuses and principles herein can be applicable to detecting gold in any material sample.

[0062] In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D, 4, and 6. a material (e g., core or rock) analysis system 10 can comprise an analysis assembly 30. The analysis assembly 30 can comprise a frame 32 and a plurality of components as further disclosed herein. One or more of the components of the analysis assembly can be supported by and / or secured to the frame 32 as shown in FIGS. 1A-2E. Optionally, in some aspects, the analysis assembly 30 (e.g., at least the frame 32 of the analysis assembly) can be secured to a trailer 20 using conventional means, including fasteners such as bolts, screws, clamps, and the like. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the trailer 20 can comprise conventional means for securing the trailer to a piece of drilling equipment, such as drill rig, or to a support vehicle, such as a truck, tractor, and the like. Exemplary means for securing the trailer include a hitch, one or more bolts, one or more pins, one or more arms, and the like. It is contemplated that the trailer 20 can be selectively detachable from the drilling equipment or vehicle. Thus, in use, it is contemplated that the trailer 20 can be detached from the drilling equipment or vehicle. Alternatively, it is contemplated that the trailer 20 can be permanently secured to the drilling equipment or vehicle to form a un it ary or monolithic structure. In exemplary’ aspects, the trailer can comprise one or more front panels 22, one or more side panels 24, one or more rear panels (not shown), and one or more roof panels. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the panels can enclose the analysis assembly 30 during transport. Prior to use of the analysis assembly 30, it is contemplated that at least one side panel 24 can be removed or opened to provide access to the sample handling subassembly or user interface as further disclosed herein. Optionally, it is contemplated that at least one panel 24 on each opposing side of the#4915-5093-2601 v1 14Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1trailer can be removed or opened. In some exemplary aspects, at least one panel 24 on each side of the trailer can comprise a door 26 (e.g., a slide door) that can be selectively opened or closed.

[0063] Although the disclosed analysis assembly 30 is preferably secured to the trailer 20, it is contemplated that the analysis assembly 30 can also be used separately from a trailer. For example, it is contemplated that the analysis assembly 30 (e.g., at least the frame 32 of the analysis assembly) can be secured or mounted at a particular fixed location, such as a laboratory setting or other location where core or rock samples are routinely received or delivered.

[0064] In one aspect, the analysis assembly 30 can comprise an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection subassembly 40 and a sample handling subassembly 50. In this aspect, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can define a sample analysis area 42 (FIG. 4), and the sample handling subassembly 50 can be configured to selectively deliver one or more core or rock samples to the sample analysis area. Accordingly, in some aspects, at least a portion of the sample handling subassembly 50 can serve as a sample handing assembly that can be configured to support a core or rock sample in the sample analysis area 42, also referred to as an imaging location. It is further contemplated that at least a portion of the sample handling subassembly 50 can be configured to deliver the core or rock sample to the imaging location.

[0065] In exemplary aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise at least one high energy’ photon emitter 44 and a corresponding XRF sensor 46 for each high energy photon emitter. The high energy- photon emitter(s) described herein are interchangeably referred to as X-ray source(s) 44. However, it should be understood that the term ‘’X-ray source” does not limit the energy of the photons emitted by the high energy photon emitter to a particular energy range. For example, in some aspects, the high energy photon emitter(s) can emit photons having an energy- that is above the energy typically classified as X-ray (e.g., above 100 KeV). In these aspects, the X-ray source 44 can be configured to deliver radiation to core or rock samples positioned yvithin the sample analysis area 42, and the XRF sensor 46 can be configured to detect X-ray fluorescence in response to the radiation delivered to the core or rock samples by the X-ray source. XRF detection subassembly can optionally comprise a collimator. Optionally, the XRF subassembly 40 can comprise a housing 49 that receives at least a portion of the X-ray source 44 and, optionally, at least a portion of the XRF sensor 46. The housing 49 can also include a distal aperture 45 and a window (not shown),#4915-5093-2601 v1 15Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1such as a beryllium window as is known in the art, which can be positioned between the aperture 45 and the XRF sensor 46 relative to a vertical axis 51. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the XRF subassembly 40 can comprise an XRF spectrometer / analyzer as is known in the art. Optionally, in these aspects, the XRF subassembly 40 can comprise a silicon drift detector (SDD)-based XRF spectrometer / analyzer. In further aspects, the XRF sensor 46 can comprise a Cd-Te detector or a Ge detector. In exemplary aspects, the aperture 45 of the housing 49 of the XRF subassembly 40 can receive (and deliver) X-rays from the X-ray source to a core sample and then receive photons excited by the X-rays (e.g., response X-rays such as fluorescence and backscatter) for acquiring XRF spectra using the XRF sensor 46 as further disclosed herein. Optionally, in these aspects, the XRF subassembly can further comprise a proximity sensor 47 positioned within the sample analysis area 42 for detecting the presence of a core sample in an operative position within the sample analysis area that is suitable for detecting X-ray fluorescence as further disclosed herein. Upon detecting the core sample in the operative position, the proximity sensor 47 can provide a signal to a processor 80 (as further disclosed herein) that is indicative of the presence of the core sample in the operative position. In response, the processor 80 can be configured to initiate movement and activation of the components of the XRF subassembly 40 to acquire XRF spectra for the sample. Alternatively, rather than relying on the proximity7sensor, the processor 80 can be configured to initiate the acquisition sequence as part of the standard movement sequence of the various actuators disclosed herein (e.g., using a PLC as further disclosed herein). In exemplary aspects, as the acquisition cycle begins, actuators 192 that are coupled to the XRF subassembly 40 can be configured to effect movement of the housing 49 until the aperture 45 (and the X-ray source, the XRF sensor, and the window) is positioned at a selected orientation relative to the sample (for example, in alignment relative to the vertical axis 51). Optionally, the actuators 192 can be configured to effect downward movement of the XRF subassembly 40 until the portions of a housing 49 of the assembly surrounding the aperture 45 contact the sample. Following acquisition of XRF spectra for the sample, the actuators can be configured to lift the housing 49 relative to the sample, and the housing (and aperture 45) can be translated laterally (relative to the first or second axes 52, 54) to align the aperture 45 with a second sample within the sample analysis area 42. If all samples within the sample analysis area 42 have been analyzed using the XRF subassembly 40, then the housing 49 (and aperture 45) can remain in a raised “rest” position while the sample handling subassembly 50, in response to instructions from the processor 80, initiates movement of the samples away from the sample analysis area 42 (e.g., toward the rear of the trailer). The XRF detection#4915-5093-2601 v1 16Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1assembly 40 can comprise one or more filters that are specifically tuned for the element of interest (e.g.. gold). In this way. photon responses from materials / elements other than the element of interest can be removed to allow the photon responses of the element of interest to be more easily detected. In this way, the XRF detection assembly 40 can be tuned to detect select materials. For example, optionally, the filters can be selected to facilitate detection of lithium, gold, thorium, or any element that is lighter than thorium. Optionally, a collimator can direct photons from the X-ray source 44 to the core samples or rock sample. Optionally, a collimator can direct photons from the core or rock sample to the XRF sensor 46.

[0066] It is further contemplated that other sensors, such as backscatter sensors, can be configured to additional photon responses from the core or rock sample in response to exposure to the X-rays from the X-ray source 44.

[0067] In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the XRF subassembly 40 can comprise software drivers to permit communication with other components of the system as further disclosed herein. Optionally, in these aspects, the software drivers can be configured to monitor a connection status with a processor as further disclosed herein (e.g., by monitoring an XRF subassembly broadcast packet sent periodically by the processing components). It is contemplated that the X-ray source can be controllable according to known protocols. In exemplary aspects, the voltage, amperage, or filter characteristics of the X-ray source can be selectively controllable. It is contemplated that the filter of the X-ray source can be a film of known concentrations of elements that can be selectively adjusted. In use, it is contemplated that the voltage, amperage, and filter characteristics can be selectively adjusted to modify the emitted X-ray spectrum.

[0068] In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the X-ray source 44 and the XRF sensor 46 can be placed as close as possible to the core sample. Optionally, in these aspects, it is contemplated that the X-ray source 44, the XRF sensor 46. and the window can be positioned or configured to contact (or be positioned proximate to) a core sample.Optionally, in additional exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the X-ray source 44 and the XRF sensor 46 can be oriented and positioned such that the emitted X-rays follow a tangential path relative to the face of the core sample (at a central position on the core sample). In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the at least one of the X-ray source 44, the window, and the XRF sensor 46 can be at least partially received within the aperture 45 of the housing 49.#4915-5093-2601 v1 17Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1Additional Aspects of XRF Detection Subassembly

[0069] Further details of an exemplar)' XRF detection subassembly 40 having two high energy photon detectors and respective detectors are provided. However, it should be understood that embodiments of the present disclosure can be used with various structures and need not require two high energy photon detectors and respective detectors.

[0070] Referring to FIGS. 15 and 18, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise a mounting block 202. The first high energy photon emitter 44a that is configured to emit a first beam 220a of photons at a first location 222a on the core or rock sample (not shown) can be mounted to the mounting block 202. The first detector 46a can be configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter 44a from the first location on the core sample. The second high energy’ photon emitter 44b that is configured to emit a second beam 220b of photons at a second location 222b on the core or rock sample can be mounted to the mounting block 202. The second detector 46b can be configured to receive photons excited by the second high energy photon emitter 44a from the second location on the core sample. Each of the first and second detectors 46a.b can have a respective detection axis 210.

[0071] The detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 46a,b can be spaced along a first axis 212. A portion 204 of the mounting block can be disposed between the first and second detectors 46a, b to form a shield 206 between the first and second detectors 46a, b.

[0072] In some aspects, the mounting block 202 can be unitary. In other aspects, the mounting block 202 can comprise two or more components that are coupled together.

[0073] In various aspects, the mounting block 202 can comprise aluminum. Optionally, the mounting block 202 can be formed from aluminum (e.g., via machining). For example, in some optional aspects, the mounting block 202 can consist of, or can consist essentially of, aluminum. In other aspects, the mounting block 202 comprise two or more materials. For example, in some aspects, the mounting block 202 can comprise an aluminum body with a non-aluminum portion that forms the shield 206. Optionally, in these aspects, the shield 206 can comprise lead. In other aspects, the shield 206 can comprise any suitable material that sufficiently shields the first and second detectors 46a,b from photons excited by the second and first high energy photon emitters 44b, a, respectively.#4915-5093-2601 v1 18Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0074] In exemplary aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced by at least 20 mm along the first axis 212. In further exemplary aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced by at least 25 mm along the first axis 212. In further exemplary aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced by at least 30 mm along the first axis 212. In further exemplary aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced by at least 35 mm along the first axis 212. In various aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced from about 30 mm to about 80 mm along the first axis 212. In further aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced from about 30 mm to about 50 mm along the first axis 212. In further aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 44a, b can be spaced from about 30 mm to about 50 mm along the first axis 212. It is contemplated that a sufficient minimum spacing can provide enough material of the mounting block 202 to serve as a shield.

[0075] In some aspects, the respective first and second beams of photons emitted by the first and second detectors 44a, b can have different energies. Accordingly, a single pass of the XRF detection subassembly 40 across a core or rock sample can obtain XRF data from the two different energy levels. It is contemplated that each energy level can provide different data about contents of the core or rock sample.

[0076] In some aspects, the first high energy photon emitter 44a can be configured to emit photons at an energy level from about lOKeV to about 20 KeV. For example, the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit photons at an energy level of about 15 KeV.

[0077] In some aspects, the second high energy7photon emitter 44b can be configured to emit photons at an energy level from about 40KeV to about 60 KeV. For example, the second high energy photon emitter 44b can be configured to emit photons at an energy level of about 50 KeV.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 15, the first high energy photon emitter 44a can be on a first side 242 of a vertical plane 240 that includes the first axis 212. In some aspects, the second high energy photon emitter 44b can be on a second side 244 of the vertical plane 240. Although the illustrated embodiments show the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 46a as being vertical and parallel to each other, in further aspects, other configurations of the first#4915-5093-2601 v1 19Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1and second detectors 46a, and the respective first and second high energy photon emitters 44a,b, can be implemented. For example, the positions of the first high energy photon emitter 44a and the first detector 46a can be switched. Similarly, the positions of the second high energy photon emitter 44b and the second detector 46b can be switched. More generally, it is contemplated that the relative positions of the high energy photon emitter and detector pairs can be moved relative to each other. For example, as illustrated, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 210 are parallel and vertical. In other aspects, the detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 210 are not parallel.

[0079] As shown in FIGS. 15 and 17, the mounting block 202 can comprise a first opening 250 that receives a portion 252 of the first detector 46a therethrough so that the first opening and the portion of the first detector define a first annular channel 254a. The mounting block 202 can comprise a first helium channel 256a defining an outlet 258 in communication with the first annular channel 254a.

[0080] In some aspects, the first helium channel 256a, at the outlet 258, can extend upwardly along a central axis 258a that intersects the detection axis 210 of the first detector 46a at an acute angle. In this way, helium from the helium channel can fill the first annular channel 254a for an even distribution of helium. The even distribution of helium can improve data accuracy over less even helium distribution. Further, the even distribution of helium can reduce the minimum helium flow requirement over less even helium distribution. In some optional aspects, the acute angle at which the central axis 258a intersects the detection axis 210 can be from about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees, or from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees, or from about 15 degrees to about 35 degrees, or about 30 degrees. In further aspects, the central axis 258a can be perpendicular to the detection axis 210 of the first detector 46a.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 18. each detector can have a can 650 and an extension 652 that extends from the can 650. In some aspects, the outlet 258 of the helium channel can be positioned proximate to a location at which the can 650 meets the extension 652. For example, the extension 652 can provide a reduction in diameter of the detector. In various optional aspects, a projection of the first channel 254a along the central axis 258a can intersect the location at which the can 650 meets the extension 652. In other aspects, the projection of the first helium channel 256a along the central axis 258a can meet the detector#4915-5093-2601 v1 20Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1within 5 mm, within 4 mm, within 3 mm, within 2 mm, or within 1 mm of the location at which the can 650 meets the extension 652.

[0082] In some aspects, the first helium channel 256a can comprise a first segment 260 and a second segment 262. The first segment 260 can intersect the second segment 262. The second segment 262 can be formed by a through-bore 264 having a first end 265 and a second end 266 that defines the outlet 258 of the first helium channel 254a. The XRF detection subassembly 40 can further comprise a plug 268 that is inserted into the through-bore and inhibits flow out the first end 265 of the through-bore 264, thereby directing the flow from the first segment 260 out the outlet 258.

[0083] As described herein, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise a housing 49. Referring to FIGS. 15 and 21, in some aspects, the housing 49 can comprise a pair of opposed end plates 270. At least one of the end plates can define grooves that slidably receive side plates 272. Referring to FIG. 19, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise a helium port 274 in fluid communication with the first helium channel 254a of the mounting block 202. In some aspects, the helium inlet port 274 can be positioned within the housing 49. A low er surface 230 of the mounting block 202 can have radii or chamfered edges 203 to remove unnecessary material, thereby reducing the weight of the mounting block.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 17, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can further comprise one or more O-rings that inhibit helium flow thereby and, therefore, direct helium toward a photon inlet 214 of the first detector 46a. For example, a first O-ring 276a can surround a portion of the first detector 46a to form a seal between the mounting block 202 and the first detector 46a. The first O-ring 276a can be spaced from the outlet of the first helium channel 256a aw ay from the photon inlet 214 of the detector along the detector axis 210 of the first detector 46a. In some aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can further comprise a second O-ring 276b that surrounds a portion of the first high energy photon emitter 44a to form a seal between the mounting block 202 and the first high energy photon emitter 44a.

[0085] It is contemplated that the XRF detection subassembly 40 can have a similar or identical helium delivery system for the second high energy photon emitter 44b and second detector 46b pair. For example, the mounting block 202 can comprise a second helium channel that is similar to or identical to the first helium channel but, optionally, rotationally symmetric to the first helium channel about a vertical axis that extends between the first and#4915-5093-2601 v1 21Atorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1second high energy photon emiters 44a, b. The XRF detection subassembly 40 can similarly have a helium inlet port positioned within the housing 49 for supplying the second helium channel. Further, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise a first O-ring that forms a seal between the mounting block 202 and the second detector and a second O-ring that forms a seal between the mounting block 202 and the second high energy photon emiter 44b.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 18, the mounting block 202 can define a pair of recesses 232, each recess 232 extending upwardly from the lower surface and surrounding a respective detection axis 210 of the first and second detectors 46a, b. In some aspects, each recess 232 of the pair of recesses can define a concave surface 234 that circumferentially surrounds the respective detection axes 210 of the first and second detectors 46a, b. The concave surface 234 can improve a signal-to-noise ratio of data captured by the first and second detectors. In exemplary aspects, the recess can intersect a through-bore. The through-bore can have a diameter that is less than a diameter of the extension 652. The through-bore can be sized to provide an optimal balance between protection and signal noise. A smaller through-bore can cause photons from the mounting plate 202 to enter the detector, thereby generating noise. A larger through-bore can expose the detector to damage. In exemplar aspects, the through bore can have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the extension 652 by at least 1 mm, or at least 2 mm or at least 3 mm. or from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. In other aspects, the through bore can have a diameter that is no more than 1 mm, or 2 mm, or 3 mm larger than the diameter of the extension 652.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 16. each of the first and second high energy photon emiters can have an emission axis 280 along which the beam from the respective emiter travels. In some optional aspects, a first vertical plane 282 that includes the emission axis 280 (FIG. 17) of the first high energy photon emiter 44a can be perpendicular to the first axis 212. In further optional aspects, a second vertical plane 284 that includes the emission axis 280 of the second high energy photon emiter 44b can be parallel to the first vertical plane 282. In other aspects, the first and second vertical planes 282, 284 can intersect each other. For example, optionally, the first and second vertical planes 282, 284 can intersect each other at an angle of less than 5 degrees, or from 5 degrees to 15 degrees, or from 15 degrees to 45 degrees, or from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.

[0088] Referring to FIG. 17, each of the first and second high energy photon emiters 44a can have a filter 286. In some aspects, the filter 286 can be a copper-aluminum-titanium filter.#4915-5093-2601 v1 22Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1Each of the first and second high energy photon emitters 44a, b can have an emission end 290. In some aspects, each of the first and second high energy photon emitters 44a,b can have, along the respective emission axis 288 a collimator 294 positioned between the copper-aluminum-titanium filter 286 and the emission end 288.

[0089] Referring to FIGS. 18 and 21, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can further comprise a guard plate 296 on the lower surface 230 of the mounting block 202. The guard plate 296 can define at least one opening 298 that permits photons from each of the first and second high energy' photon emitters 44a, b to pass therethrough and permits excited photons from the core sample to enter each of the first and second detectors 46a, b. For example, the guard plate 296 can define a pair of openings 298. each opening 298 permitting photons to travel between a pair of a high energy photon emitter and respective detector. In some aspects, the guard plate 296 can comprise stainless steel. For example, the guard plate 296 can comprise stainless steel 304. In some aspects, the guard plate 296 does not comprise molybdenum, which can interfere with XRF data. The guard plate 296 can inhibit or prevent damage to the XRF detection subassembly 40 and, in particular, the mounting block 202, high energy photon emitters and detectors.

[0090] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 20, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can comprise a pair of sleeves 600. A respective sleeve 600 can surround a portion of each of the first and second detectors 46a, b (the first detector 46a shown in FIG. 20). Each sleeve 600 can comprise a pair of upwardly extending tabs 602 that are positioned against opposite sides of the detector. A set screw 604 can extend through each of the extending tabs 602 to engage the side of the detector to secure the sleeve to the detector. In some aspects, an additional screw 604 can be positioned on an opposite side of the sleeve 600 as the one shown in FIG. 20. A set screw 606 can further engage a cylindrical portion 608 of the detector. Referring to FIG. 16, a set screw 610 can be received through a threaded opening 612 of the mounting block 202 to engage an outer surface of the sleeve 600. Thus, the set screws 604. 606 can inhibit movement of the sleeve relative to the detector, and the screw 610 can engage the sleeve to inhibit movement of the sleeve relative to the mounting block. In this way, the detector can be secured within the mounting block without risk of damaging the detector, being held via multiple (e g., two, three, or four) contact points against the detector. Removing the set screw 610 can release the sleeve 600 and detector from the mounting block 202.#4915-5093-2601 v1 23Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0091] Referring to FIG. 17, the emission axis 280 of the first high energy photon emitter 44a can intersect the detection axis 210 of the first detector 46a at a first predetermined angle a. It is contemplated that the first predetermined angle. In some optional aspects, the first predetermined angle can be from about 35 to about 55 degrees, or about 45 degrees. In some optional aspects, the first predetermined angle can be about 45 degrees. In further aspects, the emission axis 280 of the second high energy photon emitter 44b can intersect the detection axis 210 of the second detector 46b at a second predetermined angle. In some aspects, the second predetermined angle can be from about 35 to about 55 degrees, or about 45 degrees. It is contemplated that the first and second predetermined angles can be specific to the energy of the photons emitted by the respective high energy' photon emitter. For example, it is contemplated that higher energies can advantageously intersect the detection axis at greater angles, whereas lower energies can advantageously intersect the detection axis at lesser angles.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 15. in some aspects, each of the first and second detectors 46a, b can have a body that is elongate along a respective width axis that is oriented at an oblique angle relative to the planes 282, 284 (FIG. 1 ), respectively.

[0093] Although aspects in this section describe an embodiment in which the XRF detection subassembly 40 has two emitter and detector pairs, it should be understood that aspects described herein are applicable to an XRF detection subassembly having a single emitter and detector, or an XRF detection subassembly having three or more emitter and detector pairs.Further Exemplary Features of Core or Rock Sample Analysis Systems

[0094] FIGS. 1-2D, 4, and 6, in further aspects, the sample handling subassembly 50 can be configured to permit movement of one or more core or rock samples between a sample loading location and a sample unloading location. Optionally, in these aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can be positioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location. Optionally, in some aspects, the sample loading location and the sample unloading location can be the same location. In other aspects, the sample loading location and the sample unloading location can be different locations.

[0095] In exemplary aspects, the core or rock samples can be selectively advanced between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location. Optionally, in these aspects, the core or rock samples can be selectively advanced along a sample movement pathway y ia#4915-5093-2601 v1 24Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1a powered (optionally, automated) conveyor system as further disclosed herein. In other optional aspects, the core or rock samples can be manually positioned or advanced (e.g., by an individual manually placing a sample) at one or more locations within the sample movement pathway. Thus, it is contemplated that the disclosed XRF detection subassembly can be used w ith core samples that are delivered to an analysis area via any manual, fully automated, or partially automated process.

[0096] In additional aspects, the sample handling subassembly can be configured to selectively advance the one or more core samples along a first axis 52 between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location, which as stated above, can either be distinct locations or the same location. In these aspects, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can be positioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location along the first axis 52. Optionally, when the sample loading location and the sample unloading location are the same location, the XRF detection subassembly 40 can be spaced from the sample loading location and the sample unloading location along the first axis. Optionally, when the sample loading location and the sample unloading location are distinct locations, it is contemplated that the sample loading location can be positioned on a first side of the XRF detection subassembly and the sample unloading location can be positioned on a second side of the XRF detection subassembly that is opposite the first side. In other aspects, the sample analysis area 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40 can be spaced from the first axis 52 relative to a second axis 54. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the sample handling subassembly 50 can be configured to selectively advance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis 54 to deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysis area 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, in further aspects, within a plane 56 containing the first and second axes 52, 54, the second axis 54 can be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first axis 52. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that the system 10 can permit an operator to move the one or more core samples along the first axis 52 and into communication with the conveyor system. In these aspects, the conveyor system can move the one or more core samples along the second axis 54 to position the one or more core samples at the XRF detection subassembly 40.Optionally, in these aspects, the sample handling subassembly 50 need not be configured to advance the one or more core samples relative to the first axis 52. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that the sample loading location and the sample unloading location may not be positioned along the first axis. For example in these aspects, it is contemplated that the#4915-5093-2601 v1 25Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1sample loading location and XRF detection subassembly can be aligned one axis, and the sample unloading location and XRF detection subassembly can be aligned along a different axis.

[0097] As mentioned above, in further aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a processor 80 that is communicatively coupled to the XRF detection subassembly 40. In these aspects, for each delivery of radiation to core samples positioned within the sample analysis area 42, the processor 80 can be configured to receive at least one output from the XRF sensor 46. It is contemplated that the at least one output can be indicative of the measured XRF of the core samples positioned within the sample analysis area 42. In exemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to a memory 85.Although referred to herein as the processor 80, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be embodied as a plurality7of processors (optionally, a plurality of processors that operate in parallel). For example, one or more controllers (e.g., controllers 80a,b,c,d,e) can each comprise one or more processors 80 and a respective memory 85.

[0098] In exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise at least one container 90 configured to receive one or more core samples. In these aspects, the sample handling subassembly 50 can be configured to selectively deliver the at least one container to the sample analysis area 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. In further exemplary aspects, each container 90 can comprise indicia 92 of at least one characteristic of the one or more core samples positioned within the container. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can further comprise an input imaging assembly 100 that is communicatively coupled to the processor 80 and configured to detect the indicia 92 of each container 90. Optionally, in some aspects, the input imaging assembly 100 can be positioned proximate the sample loading location. Optionally, in some aspects, the indicia of each container can comprise at least one bar code, such as, for example and without limitation, a one-dimensional barcode or a two-dimensional barcode that uses QR codes. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the input imaging assembly 100 can comprise a bar code scanner. Optionally, in some aspects, the indicia of each container can comprise a radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag, such as, for example and without limitation, a close-proximity READ / WRITE card with a capacity to store at least 2 KB of data. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the input imaging assembly 100 can comprise an RFID scanner.Optionally, in further aspects, the indicia of each container can comprise standard characters#4915-5093-2601 v1 26Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1(text, numbers, symbols, etc.) that are printed on or applied to the container. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the input imaging assembly 100 can comprise a camera assembly that has conventional camera hardware and image capture software. For example, the camera assembly can be configured to complete optical character recognition (OCR) processing of the characters positioned on the container. In use, it is contemplated that the system operator can use the user interface further disclosed herein to associate the core images produced or acquired by the camera assembly with a corresponding core sample.

[0099] In addition to detecting the indicia 92 of each container 90, the input imaging assembly 100 can acquire core images (e.g., images based on captured light from the visible spectrum) that can be used for initial processing by a system operator. Optionally, it is contemplated that the system can be configured to operate in a “Teach” mode in which the system operator uses the user interface to select areas of interest on the core images acquired by the input imaging assembly 100 to accomplish one or more of the following: (1) “Exclusion” Tagging, which excludes selected scan points while calculating or determining site sample points and point depth (i.e., appending depth), thereby addressing situations in which portions of the core samples are unscannable or otherwise deficient; (2) “Inclusion” Tagging, which selects points for a scan; or (3) “Void” Tagging, which excludes selected scan points and sample points (i.e., non-appending depth), thereby addressing situations in which the core samples include voids or core blocks. It is contemplated that the “Teach” mode can employ calculations that are performed by the application to assign the X and Y pixels inside the bounding lines to a corresponding depth (in mm). It is further contemplated that the “Teach” mode can allow for addressing a variety of different core sample conditions while maintaining quality and accuracy in depth series data. In use, it is contemplated that the operator can manipulate the selected zones using a touchscreen, stylus, or mouse, with the selected zone being depicted on the display of the human machine interface. Exemplary images of a “Teach” mode display are provided in FIGS. 7A-7B. After completing the “Teach” mode cycle, the container-specific tagging can be used to correlate data obtained during downstream analysis and processing as disclosed herein with corresponding depths that are of interest to the system operator.

[0100] In further aspects, it is contemplated that the processor(s) and computing devices disclosed herein can be configured to automatically detect regions of interest within the sample by executing softw are stored on one or more memories in communication with the#4915-5093-2601 v1 27Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1processor(s) and computing devices. Optionally, such processor(s) and computing devices can employ machine learning techniques to determine regions of the sample that should be analyzed and / or regions that should not be analyzed.

[0101] Optionally, the at least one container 90 can be a core box or core tray with an upper surface that defines at least one receiving portion 95 for supporting and receiving a portion of respective drill cores during the core analysis process disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, each core box 90 can comprise a plurality of receiving portions 95. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the plurality' of receiving portions of each core box can range from about two receiving portions to about eight receiving portions. In further exemplary aspects, each receiving portion of a core box can define a diameter that is complementary to the size of a core sample obtained using coring rods of a particular size (e.g., HQ coring rods, PQ coring rods, BQ coring rods, NQ coring rods, and the like). In these aspects, it is contemplated that each core box can be shaped for use with core samples obtained from a corresponding coring rod.

[0102] In some exemplary7aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can include a plurality of core boxes that are designed for use with a variety7of different coring rod sizes. That is, it is contemplated that at least one of the core boxes can have a receiving portion with a diameter that is different than the diameter of the receiving portion of at least one other core box of the system. For example, in some exemplar}7aspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that is configured for use with an HQ coring rod and that defines one or more receiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 60 to about 70 mm (and, more preferably, being about 65 mm). In some exemplary aspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that is configured for use with a PQ coring rod and that defines one or more receiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 80 to about 90 mm (and, more preferably, being about 86.5 mm. In some exemplary7aspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that is configured for use with a BQ coring rod and that defines one or more receiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 35 to about 45 mm (and, more preferably, being about 38 mm). In some exemplary aspects, the system 10 can comprise at least one core box that is configured for use with an NQ coring rod and that defines one or more receiving portions having a diameter ranging from about 50 to about 60 mm (and, more preferably, being about 52.5 mm).#4915-5093-2601 v1 28Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0103] In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that a plurality of core boxes provided with the system can have a consistent length (relative to a longitudinal axis of the core box) and a consistent width while having a varying height depending upon the size (e.g., diameter) of the receiving portions defined in the core box. Optionally, in these aspects, it is contemplated that the length of each core box can range from about 1,000 mm to about 1,200 mm and more preferably, from about 1,050 mm to about 1,100 mm, while the width of each core box can range from about 300 mm to about 500 mm and more preferably, from about 350 mm to about 400 mm. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that core boxes configured for use with HQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 70 mm to about 90 mm and more preferably, ranging from about 75 mm to about 85 mm. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with PQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 90 mm to about 120 mm and more preferably, ranging from about 100 mm to about 110 mm. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with BQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 50 mm to about 70 mm and more preferably, ranging from about 55 mm to about 65 mm. It is still further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with NQ coring rods can have a height ranging from about 55 mm to about 85 mm and more preferably, ranging from about 65 mm to about 75 mm.

[0104] Optionally, in exemplary aspects, it is further contemplated that each of the receiving portions defined in the core box can be generally aligned with or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core box, with the diameter of the receiving portions determining the maximum number of receiving portions that can be defined within a given core box. For example, it is contemplated that core boxes configured for use with HQ coring rods can optionally have from three to five receiving portions that are spaced apart relative to the width of the core box, with the receiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, in combination, from about 3 m to about 5 m (in total combined length) of core sample segments. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with PQ coring rods can optionally have from two to four receiving portions that are spaced apart relative to the width of the core box, with the receiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, in combination, from about 2 m to about 4 m (in total combined length) of core sample segments. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with BQ coring rods can optionally have from six to eight receiving portions that are spaced apart relative to the width of the core box. with the receiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, in combination, from about 6 m to about 8 m (in total combined#4915-5093-2601 v1 29Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1length) of core sample segments. It is further contemplated that core boxes configured for use with NQ coring rods can have from four to six receiving portions that are spaced apart relative to the width of the core box, with the receiving portions of such core boxes being configured to receive, in combination, from about 4 m to about 6 m (in total combined length) of core sample segments.

[0105] In exemplary aspects, the core boxes can comprise plastic. Optionally, in some exemplary aspects, the core boxes can comprise DISCOVERER® Series 2 and 3 core sample trays manufactured by Yandina Plastics Mining Products / Total Plastics Solutions (Kunda Park, Queensland, Australia). Optionally, in other exemplary’ aspects, the core boxes can comprise CORITE core trays manufactured by Strength International (Keswick, South Australia). Optionally, in still further exemplary aspects, the core boxes can comprise IMP ALA core trays (series 1, 2, 3, or 4) by Impala Plastics (Maddington, Western Australia).

[0106] Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the analysis sy stem can comprise gripping elements that secure the core boxes to the sample handling subassembly 50 to permit axial movement of the core boxes as disclosed herein. In exemplary7aspects, the gripping elements can be secured to portions of the sample handling subassembly 50 such that movement of the sample handling subassembly effects a corresponding movement of the gripping elements (and a core box engaged by the gripping elements). Optionally, it is contemplated that the gripping elements can be provided as part of an intermediate section 68b of the sample handling subassembly (as further disclosed herein) to ensure that each core box remains securely positioned in desired locations relative to the XRF detection subassembly 40 as the core box translates relative to axis 54. In these aspects, it is further contemplated that the gripping elements can be configured for selective, releasable engagement with a core box such that the core box can be selectively secured into place on the sample handling subassembly and then disengaged from the sample handling subassembly at an appropriate time (e.g., at the conclusion of a cycle through the XRF detection subassembly). It is contemplated that the gripping elements can comprise any conventional fastener, such as, for example and without limitation, bolts, screws, ties, projections, hooks, latches, loops, and the like, while each core box can comprise complementary engagement portions that are configured to receive or effect engagement with a portion of corresponding gripping elements. Optionally, it is contemplated that the gripping elements can be selectively moveable from a disengaged position to an engaged position, in either a manual or an automated manner (e.g., by#4915-5093-2601 v1 30Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1activating an actuator under processor control). In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the gripping elements can comprise a plurality of guides that can be configured to apply pressure to (e.g., apply a clamping force to) outer portions of the core box to secure the core box in a desired location and orientation.

[0107] As further disclosed herein, the disclosed analysis system can comprise mechanisms that prepare the core samples for analysis. These mechanisms can include, for example and without limitation, clearing mechanisms, drying mechanisms, and wetting mechanisms. In further aspects, the analysis system can comprise mechanisms for imaging (e.g., imaging based on captured light from the visible spectrum) the core samples under both dry and wet conditions. As further disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the system can provide selectable and fully automated and repeatable analysis intervals, automated data collection, and remote delivery of the completed sample analysis. A database as disclosed herein can permit storage of data corresponding to or indicative of a particular sample container (e.g., core box), a drill hole location, a sample collection date and time, calibration, sample depth, temperature, or Rh scatter intensity. In further exemplary aspects, and as disclosed herein, the system can permit remote uploading and file retrieval using a cloud-based server. The software can also permit replication of both industrial process controller (IPC) and industrial data concentrator (IDC) databases to an external USB storage option. This can then be uploaded by other (standard) means to the cloud-based server. This option can be useful in remote situations where the trailer (and the analysis assembly) is not within access of a WAN (wide area network) authentication / access service.

[0108] In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1 A-2E and 4. the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a drying assembly 110 positioned between the sample loading location and the sample analysis area 42 of the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, in exemplar}' aspects, the drying assembly 110 can comprise a high-velocity air knife drying system as is known in the art. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 4, in exemplary aspects, the drying assembly 110 can be placed in an elevated position proximate an entrance to the sample analysis area 42. In use, it is contemplated that the drying assembly 110 can ensure that the core samples are dry and clean before they are scanned by the XRF detection subassembly. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to the drying assembly 110. It is further contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured to selectively activate and deactivate the drying assembly. In#4915-5093-2601 v1 31Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1further exemplary' aspects, the processor 80 can be configured to activate the drying assembly- such that the drying assembly operates at a selected fixed speed and at a selected fixed temperature output. Optionally, in still further exemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be configured to selectively control activation of the sample handling subassembly to advance the core samples through the drying assembly 110 at a desired speed that is optimal for drying of the core samples.

[0109] In additional aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the XRF detection subassembly¬ can comprise a dry -core imaging assembly 48. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the dry-core imaging assembly 48 can be configured to produce or acquire an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of core samples received within the sample analysis area 42, preferably after dry ing of the core samples by the drying assembly 110. Optionally, in exemplary- aspects, the processor 80 can be configured to selectively activate the dry -core imaging assembly- 48 to produce or acquire an image of dry core samples within the sample analysis area 42, prior to activation of the X-Ray source.

[0110] In other aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the XRF detection subassembly can further comprise an XRF imaging assembly 190 that is positioned to image the core samples (and their containers) after the core samples are positioned in a desired location for activation of the X-Ray source and XRF detection. It is contemplated that the images (e.g., images based on captured light from the visible spectrum) produced or acquired by the XRF imaging assembly 190 and / or the other imaging assemblies disclosed herein can be stored and used to determine the specific location of the core samples when XRF was detected. In this way, the recorded XRF data can be correlated to the specific locations within the core samples.[OHl] In further aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D and 4, the core analysis system 10 can comprise a wetting assembly 120 positioned between the sample analysis area 42 and the sample unloading location. Optionally, in these aspects, the wetting assembly 120 can comprise a w ater spray mechanism as is known in the art. It is contemplated that the wetting assembly 120 can apply w ater (or other liquid) to the core samples to prepare the core samples for high-resolution wet imaging as further disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to the wetting assembly 120. It is further contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured to selectively activate the wetting assembly 120. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured to activate the wetting assembly 120#4915-5093-2601 v1 32Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1such that the wetting assembly produces a desired fixed water flow rate. Optionally, in still further exemplary aspects, the processor 80 can be configured to selectively control activation of the sample handling subassembly to advance the core samples through the wetting assembly 120 at a desired speed that is optimal for wetting of the core samples. In exemplary aspects, the wetting assembly 120 can comprise at least one arm and at least one nozzle positioned in fluid communication with a conduit defined within the at least one arm. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the conduit can be positioned in fluid communication with a fluid source (e.g., a pump) that is configured to pump fluid to the wetting assembly 120 in response to instructions received from the processor 80.

[0112] Optionally, in exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the core analysis system 10 can comprise a wet-core imaging assembly 130 positioned between the wetting assembly 120 and the sample unloading location. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to the wet-core imaging assembly 130. It is further contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured to selectively activate the wetcore imaging assembly 130. In use, it is contemplated that the wet-core imaging assembly can be activated to record or acquire an image of the core samples after wetting of the core samples by the wetting assembly 120 as further disclosed herein.

[0113] In exemplary aspects, the input imaging assembly 100, the dry-core imaging assembly 48, the XRF imaging assembly 190, and the w et-core imaging assembly 130 can each comprise a respective camera assembly, such as, for example and without limitation, an IP camera or a digital camera that captures light from the visible spectrum. Exemplary IP cameras that are suitable for this application include LIFECAM web cameras manufactured by Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, Washington). As further disclosed herein, the camera of the input imaging assembly 100 can be used to acquire an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of a core box that allows the system operator to “tag” core images using an HMI (user interface) as further disclosed herein. As further disclosed herein, the camera of the dry-core imaging assembly 48 can be used to acquire an image (e.g., an image of the based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of a dry core box, with the image being stored in a database as described herein. As further disclosed herein, the camera of the XRF imaging assembly 190 can be used to acquire an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of a location where XRF measurements are performed, with the image being stored in the database as described herein.#4915-5093-2601 v1 33Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1As further disclosed herein, the camera of the wet-core imaging assembly 130 can be used to acquire an image (e.g.. an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of a core box after the core box has been wetted by the wetting assembly 120, with the image being stored in a database as described herein. As shown in FIGS. 1A-2D, it is contemplated that cameras of the input imaging assembly 100, the dry -core imaging assembly 48, and the wetcore imaging assembly 130 can be mounted to the frame 32 at respective locations above the core box movement pathway. As shown in FIG. 2E, it is contemplated that the camera of the XRF imaging assembly 190 can be positioned within the sample analysis area (optionally, within or coupled to housing 49). In further exemplary7aspects, the disclosed IP cameras can be controlled through Ethernet connection using a trailer control network CTrailerControlNef ’) as disclosed herein and shown in FIG. 5.

[0114] In exemplary7aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1 A-2E, 4 and 4, the sample handling subassembly 50 can comprise input and output sections 58, 62. Optionally, in these aspects, the input and output sections 58, 62 can comprise respective roller assemblies 60, 64, which can be positioned in communication with respective intermediate sample handling sections as further disclosed herein. It is contemplated that each of the roller assemblies 60, 64 can be configured to receive a single container 90 (e g., a single core box) or an adapter 440 as further disclosed herein. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the roller assemblies 60, 64 can have operative widths that are at least slightly greater than the longitudinal lengths of the containers 90 (e g., core boxes). In some aspects, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, the roller assemblies 60, 64 can each have a single roller that defines the entire width of the roller assembly. Alternatively, in other aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2D, the roller assemblies 60, 64 can each have a pair of spaced roller arrays 61. 65 that cooperate to define the width of the roller assembly. In use, it can be advantageous to first and second spaced roller arrays 61, 65 positioned at the input and output sections of the sample handling subassembly 50. For example, it is contemplated that the use of two spaced roller assemblies 61 can reduce the total weight of the system (compared to a single continuous roller assembly of the same width). It is further contemplated that the use of two spaced roller assemblies can reduce the chance of breaking or disengagement of the pins used to hold the roller assemblies in a transport (e.g., folded) position.

[0115] Optionally, it is contemplated that the input section 58 can define the sample loading location. Optionally, it is contemplated that the output section 62 can define the sample#4915-5093-2601 v1 34Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1unloading location. In additional aspects, the sample handling subassembly 50 can further comprise a plurality of intermediate sections 66 positioned between the input and output sections 58, 62. In further aspects, the sample handling subassembly 50 can further comprise a drive mechanism 70 configured to power movement of the intermediate sections. In exemplary aspects, each intermediate section 66 can comprise at least one actuator and a plurality of rollers, one or more conveyor belts, or combinations thereof.

[0116] In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 can comprise a plurality of actuators that are operatively coupled to portions or sections of the sample handling subassembly 50 to selectively control movement of core samples and their containers relative to a plurality of axes. Optionally, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 can be configured to control movement of the core samples and containers relative to the first and second axes 52, 54 and the vertical axis 51 (FIG. 2E) as further disclosed herein. In exemplary' aspects, and with reference to FIG. 6B, the plurality of actuators can comprise at least one actuator 72a that is configured to effect movement of the core container relative to the first axis 52, at least one actuator 72b that is configured to effect movement of the core container relative to the second axis 54, and at least one actuator 72c that is configured to effect movement of the core container relative to the vertical axis 51 that is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first and second axes 52, 54.Optionally, the first actuator 72b can comprise a belt conveyor. Optionally, the second actuator 72b can comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic piston or motorized sled that moves at least a portion of (optionally all of) the intermediate section 68b relative to the second axis 54. In further exemplary aspects, the actuators of the drive mechanism 70 can comprise linear actuators, such as for example and without limitation, electrical actuators, mechanical actuators, electro-mechanical actuators, hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators, and combinations thereof. However, depending upon the arrangement of each sample handling section, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 can further comprise at least one rotational actuator.

[0117] In further exemplary aspects, as further disclosed herein and depicted in FIGS. 1-2D and 4, the plurality of intermediate sections 66 can comprise at least one intermediate section 68a, 68c configured to advance the one or more core samples relative to the first axis 52 and at least one intermediate section 68b configured to advance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis 54. In these aspects, and as shown in FIGS. 1 A-2D, the first#4915-5093-2601 v1 35Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1intermediate section 68a can comprise at least one conveyor belt that is operatively coupled to an actuator 72a to permit selective movement of a core sample relative to the first axis. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the first intermediate section 68a of the sample handling subassembly can be configured to deliver the core box (containing the core sample) to the second intermediate section 68b of the sample handling subassembly. Upon delivery' of the core box to the second intermediate section 68b, an actuator 72c can selectively raise and lower the core box to permit engagement or coupling between the core box and at least one linear actuator 72b as disclosed herein. Upon coupling between the core box and the linear actuator 72b, the linear actuator can be configured to effect axial movement of the core box relative to the second axis 54, with the core box being supported by rollers positioned within the intermediate sample handling section 68b. In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, the intermediate sample handling section 68b can extend through the sample analysis area 42, and the linear actuator 72b can move the core box about and between three distinct locations along the second axis 54, including an initial position (labeled “3” in FIG. 4) before the core box is delivered to the analysis area, an intermediate imaging position on an opposing side of the XRF assembly (after the core box passes through the XRF assembly, labeled “4” in FIG. 4), and an analysis position (within the XRF assembly, labeled “5” in FIG. 4). Although disclosed herein as comprising at least one linear actuator 72b, it is contemplated that the intermediate sample handling section 68b can comprise, in addition or alternatively, a plurality of vertically oriented rollers that engage edge portions of the core box (or adapter as disclosed herein) and are driven by one or more rotational actuators to effect movement of the core box along the second axis 54. After the imaging / analysis process within the XRF assembly is completed, the actuator 72b can return the core box to its initial position (labeled “3”). It is contemplated that the intermediate sample handling section 68b can further comprise at least one linear actuator 72a that is coupled to at least one conveyor belt and configured to advance the core box to the third intermediate sample handling section 68c, which in turn, can have at least one linear actuator 72a that is coupled to at least one conveyor belt and configured to effect movement of the core box to the output roller assembly. In exemplary aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B, the conveyor belts of the first and third sample handling sections 68a, 68c can be staggered relative to the conveyor belts of the second sample handling section 68b.

[0118] Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the sample handling subassembly can further comprise a stop plate that is positioned at a distal end of the output section (e.g., roller#4915-5093-2601 v1 36Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1assembly 64). In these aspects, the stop plate can extend across at least a portion of the operative width of the output section to prevent the containers 90 (e.g., core boxes) from advancing beyond the distal end of the output section and falling from the conveyor assembly. In further exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise a sensor configured to detect the presence of a container (e.g., core box) within the output section. In these aspects, it is contemplated that box sensor can be a conventional proximity sensor or encoder as is known in the art. In further aspects, it is contemplated that the box sensor can be communicatively coupled to the processor 80, and the processor can be configured to selectively control activation or stopping of the drive mechanism 70 of the sample handling subassembly.

[0119] In operation, the drive mechanism 70 can drive axial movement of a first container (core box) from the input section (e.g., roller conveyor 60) onto a first intermediate sample handling section 68a (e.g., roller). As further disclosed herein, after the first container (core box) is positioned on the first intermediate sample handling section 68a (e.g.. roller), it is contemplated that the input imaging assembly 100 (e.g., camera assembly) can be activated to identify the core samples within the first container and permit setup of the system parameters. In exemplary aspects, the drive mechanism 70 can drive movement of the container from the first intermediate sample handling section 68a (e.g.. roller) to the second intermediate sample handling section 68 b. Optionally, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism 70 can comprise a lifting actuator (or other lifting mechanism) that is configured to pull the container upwardly from the first intermediate sample handling section 68a to place the container in a staging position in which the container can be clamped or otherwise coupled to at least one actuator of the drive mechanism 70 that is configured to effect axial movement of the container relative to the second axis 54 to control entry and positioning of the container within the sample analysis area 42. As further disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the drive mechanism can comprise additional actuators that are configured to move the container relative to at least one of the first axis 52 and the vertical axis 51. In further aspects, after completion of the XRF scanning process, the drive assembly 70 can be operated to return the container to the initial position on the second intermediate sample handling section 68b. In another exemplary' aspect, the third intermediate sample handling section 68c can be pow ered by the drive assembly to pull the container from the second intermediate sample handling section 68b through the wetting assembly and into a desired position under imaging assembly 130 to permit wet imaging of the core samples (e.g., permitting acquisition of an image of the#4915-5093-2601 v1 37Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1wet core sample based on captured light from the visible spectrum). After the wet image is captured, the powered belt conveyor at the third intermediate sample handling section 68c can be configured to push the container onto the output section (e.g., roller conveyor 64), where the container can optionally rest against a stop plate as further disclosed herein until it is removed by a system operator.

[0120] In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 10A-12B, the system 10 can further comprise a tray adapter assembly 400. In these aspects, the tray adapter assembly 400 can allow the system to be compatible with different types and sizes of containers (e.g., different types and sizes of plastic core trays). The adapter assembly 400 can comprise an adapter 440 comprising a steel plate having inwardly folded longitudinal and transverse walls 442, 444 and defining at least one alignment opening 446 extending through the thickness of the plate. Optionally, the adapter 440 can comprise at least two openings that are positioned proximate opposing comers of one end of the plate. In use, it is contemplated that the adapter 440 can be used with any core container (e.g.. core tray) that is compatible with the disclosed system, with the folded edges allowing different trays to fit and convey within the system. It is contemplated that actuator and data acquisition controls on each respective type of core box can be controlled and set by the methods engineer through use of the software or databases disclosed herein.

[0121] In use, the adapter 440 can be positioned at the input section 58 (e.g., the roller assembly 60) of the sample handling subassembly, and the core box can be positioned on the adapter, with the longitudinal and transverse edges of the adapter surrounding the core box. Due to the folded construction of the longitudinal and transverse edges, it is contemplated that the edges can be biased toward a center portion of the adapter such that, in a resting position (before receipt of core box), the edges define a minimum diameter of the adapter. Upon receipt of a core box, the edges can be configured to deform in an outer direction as necessary to accommodate the operative dimensions of the core box. In exemplary aspects, when the adapter is positioned at the input section 58, it is contemplated that the longitudinal edges of the adapter can be oriented perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first axis 52 (and parallel or substantially parallel to the second axis 54). This general orientation can be maintained as the adapter is advanced along the first axis by the drive mechanism 70 as disclosed herein.#4915-5093-2601 v1 38Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0122] As show n in FIGS. 10A-10B, the tray adapter assembly 400 can further comprise at least one stop projection 410 and at least one locator pin 420 that are secured to, coupled to, or integrally formed with a linear actuator 72b that is configured to effect movement of the adapter 440 (and the core tray on the adapter) relative to the second axis 54 as disclosed herein. In use, the locator pin 420 can be received within and through an alignment opening of the adapter 440 when the adapter (and the core tray) is received by the second intermediate sample handling section 68b. In these aspects, the lift actuator 72c can selectively raise and then lower the adapter 440 such that the locator pin 420 passes through and projects upwar ly relative to a corresponding alignment opening 446, and a comer portion of the adapter 440 is positioned between the locator pin and the stop projection 410 to thereby secure the adapter in place. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the tray adapter assembly 400 can comprise first and second stop projections 410 and first and second locator pins 420, with the first pin being received through a first opening of the adapter and the second pin being received through a second opening of the adapter positioned on an opposing side of the adapter relative to the first axis 52. In further aspects, the adapter assembly can further comprise a proximity sensor 430 that is configured to detect placement of the adapter tray over the locator pin 420 such that the adapter is securely engaged by the locator pin and the stop projection 410. After the processor 80 receives confirmation of proper positioning of the adapter 440 from the proximity sensor 430, the system can proceed with advancement of the adapter 440 (and the core box 90) relative to the second axis as further disclosed herein, and further processing can proceed as further disclosed herein.

[0123] In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 13A-14C, the system 10 can comprise a tray centering assembly 500 that can be positioned to cooperate with the second intermediate sample handling section 68b, which as further disclosed herein, can comprise a lifting table for permitting vertical movement of an adapter and core box. In use, the tray centering assembly 500 can ensure that the adapter 440 (and the core boxes on the adapter) is consistently and precisely oriented relative to the second axis 54. It is further contemplated that the centering of the adapter 440 can help ensure alignment between the locator pins 420 of the adapter assembly 400 and the alignment openings 446 of the adapter 440. In exemplary' aspects, the tray centering assembly 500 can comprise first and second guides 510, 520 that are positioned on opposing sides of the intermediate sample handling section 68b relative to the first axis 52. Each guide 510, 520 can be operatively coupled to a respective actuator 512, 522 that is configured to pivot the guide from a lowered, disengaged#4915-5093-2601 v1 39Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1position to a raised, engaged position (to contact the longitudinal edges of the adapter (and / or portions of the core box) and adjust the orientation of the adapter and core box as needed to continue further processing. It is contemplated that, in response to a signal from the processor 80 that the adapter (and core box) is being lowered, the actuators 512, 522 can be configured to effect movement of the guides from the lowered position to the raised position. Upon engagement between the guides and the adapter, the adapter and the core box can be properly aligned relative to the second axis 54, and thereby prevent undesired contact or alignment defects and make the system more robust, reliable, and repeatable. After proper alignment of the adapter and core box are established, the actuator 72c, using the lifting table, can raise the adapter to an operative height at which the adapter can be axially advanced relative to the second axis 54. It is contemplated that the guides can be positioned sufficiently below the raised position of the adapter such that the guides do not interfere with movement of the adapter and core box relative to the second axis 54. In use, it is contemplated that the centering process can be performed in an automated fashion as part of the typical lowering process for the adapter and core box. In exemplary aspects, this automation can be driven by the PLC 80b disclosed herein.

[0124] In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 3-6A, the core analy sis system 10 can further comprise a first wireless transmitter-receiver 140 communicatively coupled to the processor 80. In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a database 150. In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a second wireless transmitter-receiver 160 communicatively coupled to the database 150. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the second wireless transmitter-receiver 160 can be configured to receive information from the first wireless transmitter-receiver 140 and to transmit information from the database 150 to the first wireless transmitter-receiver 140. Optionally, in exemplary' aspects and as show n in FIG. 3, it is contemplated that the database can be selectively remotely accessible to consumers 200.

[0125] In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 1-2D and 4, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise a user interface 170. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be communicatively coupled to the user interface 170 and configured to receive one or more inputs from the user interface. It is further contemplated that the user interface 170 can comprise a display that is configured to present information to a system user related to the core sample analysis and the performance of the#4915-5093-2601 v1 40Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1system. In exemplary aspects, the user interface 170 can comprise a single human-machine interface that is installed on an outer portion of the trailer. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can be shaped such that it can be protected by a cover during transport operations. It is further contemplated that the user interface 170 can be weatherresistant such that it can be used in a variety of weather conditions. In exemplary aspects, the user interface 170 can be touchscreen-enabled and natively support a desired screen resolution (e.g., 1280x1024 resolution with 4:3 Aspect ratio). In these aspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can comprise a display that permits data input and display via textual references and drop down lists rather than input of coded values to make for a more user-friendly interface. Optionally, it is further contemplated that the user interface 170 can provide point-and-click options and / or automated data entry to minimize typing and / or keyboard entry.

[0126] In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can be provided as a component of a computer workstation. However, in other aspects, it is contemplated that the user interface 170 can be provided as a portion of a remote computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet, personal data assistant (PDA), or laptop computer.

[0127] In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise a power source 184 that is configured to supply electrical power to other components of the system. Optionally, in these aspects, the power source 184 can comprise a landline electrical supply, an on-board generator, and a battery -backed uninterruptable power supply (UPS). In these aspects, it is contemplated that the electrical supply can accept a commercial electric supply while providing load-side circuit protection. It is further contemplated that the electrical supply can transform a commercial electrical input (e.g., 230 V at 50 Hz) into a desired output (e.g., 24 VDC at 160 Amps) with appropriate load-side circuit protection. It is contemplated that the on-board generator can have a local generator control panel that enables starting, control, and operation of the generator. Optionally, the generator can include a monitoring device that is configured to produce an alarm or an output signal that indicates the generator has stopped working or is not functioning correctly. It is contemplated that the battery -backed uninterruptable power supply can supply power to the processing components of the system. In use, it is contemplated that power can be provided to the imaging and camera assemblies for a selected period of time (e.g., at least 30 minutes) before a shutdown command is signaled to their#4915-5093-2601 v1 41Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1corresponding processing components. When the uninterruptable power supply is supplying power to the processing components, it is contemplated that the control functions of the processing components can be halted.

[0128] In further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise an HVAC unit 180 that is configured to maintain the temperature within the sample analysis area 42 at a desired level, as may be stipulated by manufacturers of the components of the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, it is contemplated that the HVAC unit can be configured to maintain the temperature within the sample analysis area 42 at a temperature ranging from about 20°C to about 24°C under normal operating conditions. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the HVAC unit can be powered from the domestic electrical supply to the trailer, which may be derived from a landline power source or an onboard generator as further disclosed herein. In use, it is contemplated that digital XRF imaging equipment can be sensitive to ambient temperature variation, and rapid changes in temperature and extremes of temperature can severely damage digital detectors. Accordingly, it is contemplated that temperature control within the sample analysis area 42 (particularly within the XRF sensor enclosure) is critical to obtaining accurate data and protecting the system components. In exemplary aspects, the core analysis system 10 can further comprise an environmental monitoring device that logs temperature variations within the sample analysis area 42 or, more particularly, within the XRF sensor enclosure.

[0129] In still further exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIG. 4, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10 can comprise a gas (e.g., Helium) supply source 182 that is configured to supply gas to the XRF detection subassembly 40. Optionally, in these aspects, the gas supply source can be an onboard Helium supply subsystem that is configured to provide a dry helium cover gas to the XRF instrument (e.g., X-ray source). In use, it is contemplated that the processor 80 can be configured to selectively initiate and cease delivery of gas to the XRF instrument. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the gas supply source 182 can comprise a 2-stage bottle regulator that reduces bottle pressure from above 2,000 psi to about 60 psi (+ / - 10 psi). In further aspects, the gas supply source 182 can optionally comprise a pressure switch on an outlet side of the bottle regulator that delivers a signal to the processor 80 when the pressure falls below a selected level, such as for example and without limitation, 50 psi. In still further aspects, it is contemplated that the core analysis system 10#4915-5093-2601 v1 42Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1can comprise an instrument regulator that is configured to reduce the pressure at the outlet side of the 2-stage regulator pressure to 15 psi (+ / - 5 psi). In still further exemplary aspects, the gas supply source 182 can comprise an instrument flow control device that enables flow from the outlet side of the instrument regulator to the XRF instrument. In these aspects, it is contemplated that the instrument flow control device can be communicatively coupled to the processor 80 such that the processor can selectively control a rate of gas flow between the outlet of the instrument regulator and the inlet of the XRF instrument. Optionally, it is contemplated that the rate of gas flow can range from about 0.0 Liters per minute (LPM) to about 1.0 LPM.

[0130] In use, the disclosed core analysis system can provide on-site analysis and data collection capabilities for drill core samples. Optionally, in exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that a plurality of core analysis systems can be operated in parallel from distinct locations, with respective data sets from each core analysis system delivered to a centralized server system for further analysis as disclosed herein.

[0131] In use, it is contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can reduce the costs associated with processing assays, including costs conventionally associated with sample preparation, sample handling, sample tracking, and data processing. It is further contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can provide improved data quality in comparison to existing core analysis systems. More particularly, it is contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can preserve heterogeneity7and objectivity7while also associating time and depth data with each core sample and providing systematic collection and linking of data sets. It is further contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can provide an increase in the speed of decisions by drilling system operators or remote customers. More particularly, it is contemplated that the disclosed core analysis systems can provide near real-time access to core data via a centralized database, which can be accessed by any networked computing device (optionally, computing devices, from multiple users or customers). In exemplary aspects, as further disclosed herein, the processor 80 can be configured to provide customizable threshold notifications associated with various core parameters to system users or customers.

[0132] In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 4-6B, the processor 80 can comprise a processing assembly comprising a plurality of processing components.Optionally, in these aspects, the processor 80 can be embodied as a plurality7of processors.#4915-5093-2601 v1 43Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1For example, the processor 80 can be embodied as a processor of at least one industrial process controller (IPC) 80a and a processor of at least one programmable logic controller (PLC) 80b. In exemplary aspects, the IPC can be an industrial grade computer, and the system operator can interface with the IPC through the user interface 170 disclosed herein. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the IPC can be configured to perform a variety of functions, including one or more of the following: monitoring for loss of power and halting control functions when a power loss is detected; controlling system restart using operator confirmation after reestablishing power; signaling a shutdown command to an industrial data concentrator (IDC) when the UPS indicates backup power is exhausted; performing a shutdown when the UPS indicates backup power is exhausted; interfacing with the PLC by operating as a Modbus Master, which enables communication among many devices connected to the same network; monitoring activation of the PLC over industrial network communications (Modbus) to determine if communications are established and operating; halting control functions when a PLC communications loss is detected; processing logic to indicate activation or readiness of the IPC over industrial network communications (Modbus); reading / writing status data to one or more PLC Modbus Slave registers during cycle operations; interfacing with three (3)-axis motion controllers 80c, 80d, 80e (e g., X-, Y-, and Z-axis controllers) of the sample handling subassembly by operating as a Modbus Slave; monitoring a Modbus connection with each axis motion controller and halting control functions when a communications loss is detected; reading and writing values into an interface block used by Modbus that reads and writes from each Axis Motion Controller; interfacing with an operator through the user interface 170 to indicate status of the system; interfacing with an operator through the user interface 170 to collect and authenticate login credentials and set application privileges; interfacing with the operator through the user interface 170 to collect information required by the system during setup operations; interfacing with the XRF Instrument to query, configure, and command the unit during cycle operations; interfacing with the image files captured by the imaging assemblies during cycle operations; processing images to extract and parse OCR data from image files during cycle operations; interfacing with the central database to retrieve information required by the system during startup, setup, and cycle operations; interfacing with the memory 85 to store information collected by the system during startup, setup, and cycle operations; interfacing with the memory 85 to transfer information collected by the system during cycle operations to the IDC; interfacing with the memory 85 to perform database maintenance functions; and processing XRF data using calibration files stored in the memory 85.#4915-5093-2601 v1 44Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0133] In exemplary aspects, the PLC of the processor 80 can comprise an Allen-Bradley MicroLogix 1400 Small Programmable Logic Controller. Optionally, the PLC can be configured to provide input / output control to the core analysis system 10. In exemplary aspects, the PLC can comprise one or more of the following: 24VDC inputs, relay outputs, an expansion PNP output chassis, a 10 / 100 EtherNet / IP Port, EtherNet / IP Messaging, DNP3 over IP, and Modbus TCP / IP as are known in the art. In further exemplary aspects, the PLC can operate as a Modbus Slave and host Bit and Word registers to support required interfaces with the Modbus Master (IPC). In further exemplary aspects, the PLC can comprise an axis control system that is configured to provide multi-axis (e.g., three-axis) control of the movement of the components of the core analysis system. In exemplary aspects, the axis control system can comprise three Festo CMMO-ST Motion controllers that are configured to provide axis control for a Trailer Core Scanner module as shown in FIG. 5.

[0134] Data Networks

[0135] In exemplary aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 5-6, two data networks can be installed and configured inside the core analysis system. A first data network, shown as the TrailerControlNET in FIG. 5, can provide network services for automation components. It is contemplated that the TrailerControlNET can be isolated from other networks to ensure security and deterministic performance attributes needed by control networks. A second data network, shown as the TrailerDataNET in FIG. 5, can supply a data netw ork required to push large data sets from the IPC to the IDC at designated cycle points. The IPC can use the TrailerDataNET network to retrieve calibration and setup files delivered to the IDC by a system engineer. In use. it is contemplated that remote access connections to the IPC and IDC also pass over the TrailerDataNET.

[0136] In exemplary aspects, the core analysis system can further comprise a CorporateServiceNET network that provides VPN access from the Network Router on the TrailerDataNET to a WAN authentication / access service.

[0137] Optionally, in exemplary aspects, the IDC can be an industrial grade computer configured to operate as a “Data Concentrator’ node on the TrailerDataNet. In use, it is contemplated that the operator does not directly interface with the IDC through the local user interface 170 but can monitor logs that show transfer of core data from the IPC to the IDC. In#4915-5093-2601 v1 45Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1use, it is further contemplated that the database used on the IDC can bridge data from each remote XRF Trailer system into a centralized data warehouse.

[0138] Core Analysis Methods

[0139] In use, and as further disclosed herein, the core analysis system 10 can be used to perform a core analysis method. In one aspect, a core analysis method can comprise positioning the trailer in a selected position relative to a drill location. In this aspect, and as further disclosed herein, the analysis assembly can be secured to the trailer. In another aspect, the core analysis method can further comprise positioning one or more core samples on the sample handling subassembly. In an additional aspect, the core analysis method can comprise activating the sample handling subassembly to selectively deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly. In a further aspect, the core analysis method can comprise activating the XRF detection subassembly while the one or more core samples are positioned in the sample analysis area.

[0140] In exemplary' aspects, and as further disclosed herein, when the XRF detection subassembly comprises an X-ray source and an XRF sensor, the X-ray source can deliver radiation to the one or more core samples positioned within the sample analysis area. In these aspects, the core analysis method can comprise using the XRF sensor to detect X-ray fluorescence in response to the radiation delivered to the core samples by the X-ray source.

[0141] In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can comprise using the sample handling subassembly to selectively advance the one or more core samples between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location. In these aspects, the XRF detection subassembly can be positioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location.

[0142] In still further exemplary7aspects, the core analysis method can comprise using the sample handling subassembly to selectively advance the one or more core samples relative to the first axis between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location. In these aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the XRF detection subassembly can be positioned between the sample loading location and the sample unloading location relative to the first axis.#4915-5093-2601 v1 46Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0143] In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly can be spaced from the first axis relative to a second axis. In these aspects, the core analysis method can comprise using the sample handling subassembly to selectively advance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis to deliver the one or more core samples to the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly.

[0144] In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can further comprise, for each delivery7of radiation to core samples positioned within the sample analysis area, using the processor to receive at least one output from the XRF sensor. In these aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the at least one output can be indicative of the measured XRF of the core samples positioned within the sample analysis area.

[0145] In further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can comprise positioning one or more core samples within a container. In these aspects, the core analysis method can further comprise selectively delivering the at least one container to the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly. Optionally, in additional aspects, each container can comprise indicia of at least one characteristic of the one or more core samples positioned within the container, and the method further comprises using an input imaging assembly to detect the indicia of each container, wherein the input imaging assembly is communicatively coupled to the processor. Optionally, in some aspects and as further disclosed herein, the input imaging assemlby can be positioned proximate the sample loading location.

[0146] In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can further comprise using a drying assembly to dry the one or more core samples. In these aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the dry ing assembly can be positioned between the sample loading location and the sample analysis area of the XRF detection subassembly. In additional aspects, when the processor is communicatively coupled to the drying assembly as disclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise using the processor to selectively activate the dry ing assembly to dry' the one or more samples.

[0147] In still further exemplary aspects, when the XRF detection subassembly' comprises a first imaging assembly as further disclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise using the first imaging assembly to produce an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum)of core samples received within the sample analysis#4915-5093-2601 v1 47Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1area. In additional aspects, the core analysis method can comprise using the processor to selectively activate the first imaging assembly to produce an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of core samples within the sample analysis area.

[0148] In still further exemplary aspects, the core analy sis method can further comprise using a wetting assembly to wet the one or more samples. Optionally, in these aspects, the wetting assembly can be positioned between the sample analysis area and the sample unloading location. In additional aspects, when the processor is communicatively7coupled to the wetting assembly as further disclosed herein, the core analysis method can comprise using the processor to selectively activate the wetting assembly. Optionally, in further aspects, the core analysis method can further comprise using a second imaging assembly to produce an image (e.g., an image based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of the one or more core samples following wetting of the one or more core samples. In these aspects, and as further disclosed herein, it is contemplated that the second imaging assembly can be positioned between the wetting assembly and the sample unloading location. In exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, when the processor is communicatively coupled to the second imaging assembly, the core analysis method can comprise using the processor to selectively activate the second imaging assembly.

[0149] In still further exemplary aspects, the core analysis method can further comprise using the drive mechanism of the sample handling subassembly7to power (and effect) movement of the intermediate sections of the sample handling subassembly. Optionally, in these aspects, using the drive mechanism to power movement of the intermediate sections can comprise: using at least one intermediate section to advance the one or more core samples relative to the first axis; and using at least one intermediate section to advance the one or more core samples relative to the second axis.

[0150] In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise using the second wireless transmitter-receiver to receive information from the first wireless transmitter-receiver and to transmit information from the database to the first wireless transmitter-receiver.

[0151] In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise selectively accessing the database from at least one remote location.#4915-5093-2601 v1 48Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0152] In still further exemplary aspects, and as further disclosed herein, the core analysis method can further comprise using the user interface to receive one or more inputs from a user.

[0153] In use, it is contemplated that the processing elements of the disclosed core analysis methods can accomplish one or more of the following tasks: managing the orderly startup and shutdown of control and data collection functions; collecting system setup information from the operator using the user interface (e.g., touch-panel interface); controlling the movement of containers (e.g., core boxes) into and out of the system; identifying containers (e.g., core boxes) along with attributes associated with the contents of the containers; associating containers (e.g., core boxes) to images, XRF results, and instrument status information collected by the data acquisition components of the system; transmitting data sets to a central database using wireless networks; providing diagnostics to assist rapid detection and correction of upset conditions and failed components of the system; and controlling and monitoring trailer utilities (Power. HVAC, Helium Supply).

[0154] In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the disclosed systems and methods can permit processing of core samples in an automated or semi-automated manner. For example, in some optional aspects, automatic analysis cycles can be processed for a core sample container (e.g., core box) in the following sequence. First, a core container can be manually positioned by an operator at the input section (e.g., roller conveyor 60). Second, if the first intermediate sample handling section is empty, the core container can be indexed into the first intermediate sample handling section. With the core container positioned on the first intermediate sample handling section, the input imaging assembly 100 can be triggered to capture a core container image (e g., an image of the core container, including any samples therein, based on captured light from the visible spectrum). The core container image can be presented to the operator through the user interface, and the operator can use the user interface to provide one or more of the following pieces of information: drill site project name (optionally, from drop-down list); core depth (at Reference 0 on the core container); and depth information associated with selected scan areas on the obtained image. After this information is collected, the operator can initiate the processing sequence (e.g., by clicking or selecting a “Process Core Box” button or equivalent.

[0155] Prior to use of the disclosed systems and methods (e.g., during commissioning), it is contemplated that the following data can be associated with each type of core container (e.g.,#4915-5093-2601 v1 49Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1core box) to be used with the core analysis system. Thus, when the system operator selects a particular core container type, the following data can be referenced during operation of the system: core length (maximum length of an individual row of core); number of core segments (number of core segments in a core container); core X-axis starting position; core X-axis ending position; core Y-axis segment position (taught for each segment in core container); core Z-axis slow position; and core Z-axis max position. Upon entry of this information, the information can be inserted into a log table within the memory 85, and the profile of each core container type can be selectively accessed for each core container that is passed through the system.

[0156] When processing begins, a record can be inserted into the memory with the operator-supplied information. If the second intermediate sample handling section 68b is empty, then the processor can initiate indexing of the core container onto the second intermediate sample handling section 68b. The processor can then activate the drying assembly, and upon detection of the core container on the second intermediate sample handling section 68b, the core container can be clamped such that the core container is coupled to the actuators of the drive assembly 70 that advance the core container within the sample analysis area. The processor can initiate movement of the core container into the sample analysis area relative to the first axis at a speed that is configured for optimal drying. As the core container exits the drying assembly and enters the core sample analysis area, the processor receives a signal indicative of the presence of the core container within the sample analysis area (e.g., through a proximity switch, encoder, or other sensor), and the processor can then activate imaging assembly 48 to capture a dry core sample image (e.g., an image of the dry core sample based on captured light from the visible spectrum). The acquired image can then be provided to the memory and associated with the core container record. The processor can then send a signal that initiates the cycle of the XRF detection subassembly. The processor can be configured to activate a first actuator to move the XRF sensor and X-Ray source relative to the first axis 52 to an operative position proximate a first sample segment. The processor can be configured to then activate a second actuator to move the core container to a sampling location relative to the X-Ray source and XRF sensor. The processor can then activate imaging (e.g., imaging based on captured light from the visible spectrum) of the sample location using imaging assembly 190. If the particular analysis method employed requires helium, then the processor can be configured to activate flow of helium into the sample analysis area. With the core container in the sample location, the processor can be configured to activate an#4915-5093-2601 v1 50Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1actuator to effect downward movement of the XRF sensor and other analysis components relative to the vertical axis 51 until the core is contacted (or nearly contacted). Upon contact, the processor can initiate an assay with associated filter, energy, and duration parameters. The transmitted live spectrum can be collected and processed into a display. When the assay is completed, the processor can deactivate helium flow. RAW spectrum data can be requested, processed with the specified calibrations, and stored into the memory along with the sample image. Next, the actuator(s) can return the XRF sensor and other processing components to its initial (home) position. The sequence of movement relative to the first, second, and vertical axes can be repeated for each sample segment on the core container until all sample segments are processed.

[0157] After processing is completed, all core container data can be sent to the IDC as further disclosed herein. The processor can then send a signal to prepare the system for unloading of the core container. The processor can cause the core container to be returned to the second intermediate sample handling section, and the processor can receive a signal (from a sensor as disclosed herein) that is indicative of the presence of the core container at the second intermediate sample handling section. Upon receipt of a signal indicative of the presence of the core container, the processor can activate the wetting assembly 120 and initiate movement of the core container through the wetting assembly (from the second intermediate sample handling section to the third intermediate sample handling section 68c). The wetting assembly can then be deactivated, and the imaging assembly 130 can be triggered to capture a wet core sample image (e.g., an image of the wet core sample based on captured light from the visible spectrum). The image can then be inserted into the memory and associated with the core container record. If the output section (roller conveyor 64) is empty, then the processor can cause indexing of the core container to the output section.

[0158] Thus, in use, the core analysis process can be fully automated from the point where the core container is loaded at the input section 58 to the point where the core container is retrieved at the output section 62. In exemplary aspects, it is contemplated that the system operator can input a depth range (‘'Depth From”, “Depth To”) and scan interval that are determined and disclosed to the drilling team. As further disclosed herein, the “field ready” automated scanner can be compatible with PQ, HQ. NQ and BQ core containers, which can be provided with drill rigs that make use of the XRF technology disclosed herein.#4915-5093-2601 v1 51Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1

[0159] To monitor instrument drift, it is contemplated that variations of XRF concentrations of internationally recognized standards to that of refined laboratory methods can be monitored. In exemplary aspects, a variety of recognized standard core compositions can be used. It is contemplated that quality assurance / quality control protocols can be employed on a regular basis and constant with depth. In exemplary' aspects, the standard core compositions can comprise any site matrix that is matched to required standards for a particular client. In these aspects, the standard core compositions can further comprise any reference standards used to create an empirical calibration as further disclosed herein. Optionally, the standard core compositions can be provided as pressed pellets that are formed by pressing pulverized rock material (at pm sizes) under pressure (e.g., 20 tonnes (metric tons)) to produce a solid briquette.

[0160] In exemplary' aspects, and with reference to FIGS. 9A-9C, a verification assembly 300 can be used to preserve the quality of data obtained by the system. In use, and as further described herein, the verification assembly 300 can be operated automatically with the XRF detection subassembly at regular intervals determined by a methods engineer. It is contemplated that the verification assembly 300 can be used as part of a formulated ‘'Quality' Control / Quality' Assurance” program implemented on each project in an attempt to preserve data integrity. It is further contemplated that the data related to the analysis of “standard” trays (e.g., elemental concentration, name, location relative to the XRF detection assembly) can be recorded and associated with the verification assembly 300 in data tables for further processing and analysis. In exemplary' aspects, the verification assembly 300 can be configured to periodically analyze a selection of one or more pellet samples (e.g., from one pellet up to six pellets) using the XRF assembly 40. The presentation of these pellets can be controlled by the database and software programs disclosed herein. Although the process can be selectively run in response to a manual input through the user interface, it is contemplated that the verification process can be scripted into an “Analysis Method” that includes the X-ray parameters, Project Metadata, and Machine parameters (e.g., Scan spacing), which can be linked through a ‘‘standards” table in the database. It is contemplated that the “standards” table can associate data for a particular “standard” sample with specific instruments, analysis methods, and other site characteristics. The disclosed verification method can optionally be initiated using the PLC 80b and the Trailer Services bloc in the network topology further disclosed herein. In use. the processor 80 can compare the parameters recorded during a#4915-5093-2601 v1 52Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1given verification process to “standards'’ data or previously measured parameters to evaluate accuracy, precision, instrument drift, and contamination of the analysis assembly.

[0161] In use, the verification method can be a part of the normal use of the system, between box runs (normal operation scanning trays). In exemplary aspects, at least one pressed pellet (e.g, at least one 6 x 32 mm pressed pellet) can be positioned within receptacles 312 (optionally, axially aligned receptacles) of an arm 310 of the verification assembly 300. As used herein, the term “pellet” refers to “standard” material compositions, which can optionally comprise pulverized rock (80% passing grains less than 75um) pressed into a small circular briquette to produce a sample that is representative of rock density for XRF analysis purposes. Each receptacle 312 can be in communication with a biased spring such that biases the pellets away from the receptacle (opposite the direction of gravity). Optionally, the receptacles 312 can be provided with an acrylic backing. In use, the receptacles ensure the pellet makes contact with the XMS apparatus by applying a reactionary force against the XMS pressing (due to gravity).

[0162] The arm 310 can have a proximal end 314 that is pivotally coupled to a pin / proj ection 322 of a support bar 320. The pin / proj ection 322 can extend upwardly from the support bar 320, and the arm 310 can pivot relative to a rotational axis that extends through the pin / proj ection and is parallel to the vertical axis 51 (FIG. 2E). The arm 310 can be operatively coupled to an actuator 330 (e.g., a linear actuator) that is configured to effect pivotal movement of the arm about and between an operative “presentation” position and a rest position. As shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, it is contemplated that the actuator 330 can be retracted to pivot the arm 310 in the operative “presentation” position in which the XRF sensor can contact (or be positioned proximate) the receptacles 312. With the arm 310 in the “presentation” position, the pellets within the arm 310 can be individually and sequentially scanned as further disclosed herein. It is contemplated that the scans of the pellets can be performed at predetermined time intervals in accordance with the disclosed automated methods. In use, it is contemplated that the proximity sensor 47 of the XRF subassembly 40 can be configured to detect the presence of the arm 310 in the “presentation” position, at which point scanning of the pellets can be initiated.

[0163] After scanning of pellets is completed, the actuator 330 can be extended to pivot the arm 310 away from the operative position until reaching the rest position. In exemplary aspects, the verification assembly 300 can comprise a cover 340 that is configured for#4915-5093-2601 v1 53Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1movement about and between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the cover 340 can be configured for placement over the receptacles 312 of the arm 310 when the arm is in the rest position. In operation, when the arm 310 reaches the rest position, the arm can press against a spring-loaded flange, which effects movement of the cover from the open position to the closed position. Alternatively (or additionally), a proximity sensor 342 can detect the presence of the arm 310 in the rest position, and in response to receipt of a signal from the processor 80 indicating the presence of the arm 310 in the rest position, a cover actuator 344 can effect movement of the cover 340 from the open position to the closed position, thereby enclosing the receptacles 312. Optionally, the cover 340 can be pivotally coupled to a portion of the frame 32, such as through a mount as show n in FIG. 9C.

[0164] In exemplary aspects, the pellets can reflect matrix-matched standards, such as certified reference materials (CRMs) or other reference materials used during calibration of the analysis assembly 30, thereby permitting monitoring of accuracy and instrument drift. In exemplary aspects, one of the pellets can comprise a silica blank that can be used for monitoring of contamination. Verification data can be stored in the database (e.g., a SQL database) and exported as part of Quality Assurance / Quality Control summary reports separate from the data recorded during regular core sample analysis. It is contemplated that the program can be modular, allowing for use of the verification process in accordance with the wants and needs of the customer.

[0165] In exemplary aspects, the pellets can reflect matrix-matched standards, such as certified reference materials (CRMs) or other reference materials used during calibration of the analysis assembly 30, thereby permitting monitoring of accuracy and instrument drift. In exemplary aspects, one of the pellets can comprise a silica blank that can be used for monitoring of contamination. Verification data can be stored in the database (e.g., a SQL database) and exported as part of Quality Assurance / Quality Control summary reports separate from the data recorded during regular core sample analysis. It is contemplated that the program can be modular, allowing for use of the verification process in accordance with the w ants and needs of the customer.

[0166] In operation, it is contemplated that disclosed verification methods can provide for monitoring of accuracy, precision, instrument drift, and contamination of the system to ensure that quality assurance / quality control standards are met. During use, the processor 80 can initiate the verification method and present at least one pressed pellet sample to the XRF#4915-5093-2601 v1 54Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1sensor. This is done at periodic intervals set by the Methods Engineer. When verification is initiated, during normal operation, it is contemplated that the HMI user interface can display a message such as “Verification In Progress.” Next, the actuator 330 can retract, thereby presenting the pressed pellets to the sensor. As shown in FIG. 9A, the arm 310 can be in line with the XMS opening 45 when in the presented position. The proximity sensor 47 (or a separate proximity sensor within the sample analysis area) detects this, and the actuator 192 of the XRF subassembly 40 can lower the XMS housing 49 in a “Slow” speed to the arm 310, with the spring-loaded pellets pressing against the sensor and / or the housing, to a preset end point. The XMS assembly can then acquire XRF spectra from the pellet(s) and store data / meta data in appropriate tables. The actuators 192 can then lift the XMS housing and move the XMS housing along the first axis 52 to the next pellet (if any. up to 6 pellets), The total number of pellets will depend upon the number of pellets required for the particular QA / QC program. The analysis process can be repeated for each respective pellet. After all pellets are scanned, the actuator 330 can be extended to return the arm 310 to the rest position as show n in FIG. 9C. thereby effecting movement of the cover from the open position to the closed position, in which the pellets are protected contamination, damage and loss of the venfication “Pellets” as further defined herein. During the transport of the analysis assembly 30, it is contemplated that the set of pellets can be provided as a verification slide that can be transported separately from the XMS assembly (e g., in a pelican case), thereby eliminating any possibility of lost pellets, pellets being in the incorrect location for purposes of verification, and damage during transport. After the spectra acquisition data / parameters are recorded for the pellets, the processor can be configured to compare the recorded data / parameters to “standards” data / parameters or to previously recorded data / parameters for the pellets, and the processor can use this comparison to determine the accuracy, precision, instrument drift, and contamination of the analysis assembly.

[0167] Optionally, the disclosed system can provide a continuous scanning method (Drag Mode) as an alternative to the stop and start “Spot Scan” method disclosed herein. When a continuous scanning method is used, a selected row of core within a core box can be scanned in a continuous manner without halting the XRF acquisition process. The acquired data will therefore be representative of a full scanned meter (or other distance) of core rather than a series of single spot scans. To help perform the continuous scanning method, it is contemplated that the disclosed system can be provided with an ultrasonic transducer (UT) sensor that feeds a digital signal of “height” to allow for loop control of the Z axis to account#4915-5093-2601 v1 55Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1for varying core heights. In addition, it is contemplated that a Z-axis actuator can be modified to be a “slow” or more precise actuator to permit maintenance of a precise gap between the core face and the instrument face.

[0168] All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.EXEMPLARY ASPECTS

[0169] In view of the described products, systems, and methods and variations thereof, herein below are described certain more particularly described aspects of the invention. These particularly recited aspects should not however be interpreted to have any limiting effect on any different claims containing different or more general teachings described herein, or that the “particular” aspects are somehow limited in some way other than the inherent meanings of the language literally used therein.

[0170] Aspect 1: An assembly for scanning a core or rock sample, the assembly comprising:a first high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at the core or rock sample;a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the core or rock sample along a first detection axis; anda first collimator surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.

[0171] Aspect 2: The assembly of aspect 1, wherein the first high energy' photon emitter is configured to emit the first beam of photons at a first location on the core or rock sample, wherein the first detector is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample.

[0172] Aspect 3: The assembly of aspect 2, further comprising:a second high energy' photon emitter that is configured to emit a second beam of photons at a second location on the core or rock sample;#4915-5093-2601 v1 56Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1a second detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the second high energy photon emitter from the second location on the core or rock sample along a second detection axis; anda second collimator surrounding the second detection axis, wherein the second collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.

[0173] Aspect 4: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, further comprising: a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is at least partly received within the opening surrounding the first detection axis.

[0174] Aspect 5: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first collimator comprises:a body defining a bore; anda flange extending radially from the body.

[0175] Aspect 6: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, further comprising a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is at least partly received within the opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the flange abuts the mounting block.

[0176] Aspect 7: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, further comprising a shield defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis.

[0177] Aspect 8: The assembly of aspect 7, wherein first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the shield comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

[0178] Aspect 9: The assembly of aspect 7 or aspect 8, comprising a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the shield comprises a first portion that is insertable into the opening surrounding the detection axis.

[0179] Aspect 10: The assembly of any one of aspects 7-9, wherein the first collimator comprises:#4915-5093-2601 v1 57Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1a body defining a bore, wherein the bore extends through the opening surrounding the detection axis and through the opening of the shield, wherein the first collimator is press-fit into the opening of the shield.

[0180] Aspect 11: The assembly of any one of aspects 3-10 wherein first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the second collimator comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

[0181] Aspect 12: The assembly of aspect 11, wherein the first material comprises ametal, wherein the second material comprises a polymer.

[0182] Aspect 13: The assembly of any one of aspects 3-12, wherein the first collimator defines a first bore having a first outer diameter, wherein the second collimator defines a second bore having a second diameter that is different from the first diameter.

[0183] Aspect 14: The assembly of any one of aspects 3-13, wherein the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit photons at a first energy level, wherein the second high energy photon emitter is configured to emit photons at a second energy level that is lower than the first energy level.

[0184] Aspect 15: The assembly of any one of aspects 3-14, wherein second collimator is removably coupled to the assembly by a press-fit.

[0185] Aspect 16: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first collimator is external to the first detector.

[0186] Aspect 17: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first detector comprises an integral collimator having a central axis and a diameter, wherein the first collimator has:a central axis that is coaxial with the central axis of the integral collimator; and a diameter that is substantially the same as the diameter of the integral collimator.

[0187] Aspect 18: The assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first detector is positioned within 2 mm of the first beam of photons.

[0188] Aspect 19: An assembly for scanning a core or rock sample, the assembly comprising:#4915-5093-2601 v1 58Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1a first high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at the core or rock sample;a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample along a first detection axis; anda first collimator surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is external to the first detector.

[0189] Aspect 20: The assembly of aspect 19, wherein the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit the first beam of photons at a first location on the core or rock sample, and wherein the first detector is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample.

[0190] Aspect 21: A method of using the assembly of any one of the preceding aspects, the method comprising:removing the first collimator from a first position on the assembly; andinserting a different collimator in the first position on the assembly, wherein the first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the different collimator comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

[0191] Aspect 22: A kit comprising a plurality of collimators that are configured to be removably coupled to the assembly of any one of aspects 1-20, wherein each collimator of the plurality of collimators comprises a different material.

[0192] Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.#4915-5093-2601 v1 59

Claims

Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1What is claimed is:

1. An assembly for scanning a core or rock sample, the assembly comprising:a first high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at the core or rock sample;a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the core or rock sample along a first detection axis; anda first collimator surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.

2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit the first beam of photons at a first location on the core or rock sample, wherein the first detector is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample.

3. The assembly of claim 2, further comprising:a second high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a second beam of photons at a second location on the core or rock sample;a second detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the second high energy photon emitter from the second location on the core or rock sample along a second detection axis; anda second collimator surrounding the second detection axis, wherein the second collimator is removably coupled to the assembly.

4. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is at least partly received within the opening surrounding the first detection axis.

5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first collimator comprises:a body defining a bore; anda flange extending radially from the body.

6. The assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is at least partly received#4915-5093-2601 v1 60Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1within the opening surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the flange abuts the mounting block.

7. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a shield defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis.

8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the shield comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

9. The assembly of claim 7. comprising a mounting block defining an opening surrounding the first detection axis,wherein the shield comprises a first portion that is insertable into the opening surrounding the detection axis.

10. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the first collimator comprises:a body defining a bore, wherein the bore extends through the opening surrounding the detection axis and through the opening of the shield, wherein the first collimator is press-fit into the opening of the shield.

11. The assembly of claim 3, wherein first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the second collimator comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the first material comprises a metal, wherein the second material comprises a polymer.

13. The assembly of claim 3. wherein the first collimator defines a first bore having a first outer diameter, wherein the second collimator defines a second bore having a second diameter that is different from the first diameter.

14. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit photons at a first energy level, wherein the second high energy photon emitter is configured to emit photons at a second energy level that is lower than the first energy level.

15. The assembly of claim 3. wherein second collimator is removably coupled to the assembly by a press-fit.

16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first collimator is external to the first detector.#4915-5093-2601 v1 61Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P117. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first detector comprises an integral collimator having a central axis and a diameter, wherein the first collimator has:a central axis that is coaxial with the central axis of the integral collimator; and a diameter that is substantially the same as the diameter of the integral collimator.

18. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the first detector is positioned within 2 mm of the first beam of photons.

19. A method of using the assembly of any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising:removing the first collimator from a first position on the assembly; andinserting a different collimator in the first position on the assembly, wherein the first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the different collimator comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

20. A kit comprising a plurality of collimators that are configured to be removably coupled to the assembly of any one of claims 1-18, wherein each collimator of the plurality of collimators comprises a different material.

21. An assembly for scanning a core or rock sample, the assembly comprising:a first high energy photon emitter that is configured to emit a first beam of photons at the core or rock sample;a first detector that is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample along a first detection axis; anda first collimator surrounding the first detection axis, wherein the first collimator is external to the first detector.

22. The assembly of claim 21, wherein the first high energy photon emitter is configured to emit the first beam of photons at a first location on the core or rock sample, and wherein the first detector is configured to receive photons excited by the first high energy photon emitter from the first location on the core or rock sample.

23. A method of using the assembly of claim 21 or claim 22, the method comprising: removing the first collimator from a first position on the assembly; and#4915-5093-2601 v1 62Attorney Docket No. 36362.0261P1inserting a different collimator in the first position on the assembly, wherein the first collimator comprises a first material, wherein the different collimator comprises a second material that is different from the first material.

24. A kit comprising a plurality of collimators that are configured to be removably coupled to the assembly of claim 21 or claim 22, wherein each collimator of the plurality of collimators comprises a different material.#4915-5093-2601 v1 63

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