Coating material, coated substrate, use thereof, preparation method for coated substrate, and hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of coating materials, and specifically to a coating material, a coated substrate, a use thereof, a preparation method for the coated substrate, and a hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation method. Based on the total mass of the coating material, the coating material comprises the following components: 0.1-5 wt% of manganese, 3-4 wt% of niobium and tantalum, 1-3 wt% of copper, 0.02-1.8 wt% of carbon, 0.01-3 wt% of silicon, 83.19-95.86 wt% of chromium and gold, and not more than 0.01 wt% of iron and / or titanium. The coating material of the present invention has excellent high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance.

Description

Coating materials and coated substrates, their applications, preparation methods of coated substrates, and methods for thermal simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks.

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411663992.6, filed on November 20, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to the field of coating materials, specifically to a coating material and a coating substrate, their applications, a method for preparing the coating substrate, and a method for simulating the thermal properties of hydrocarbon source rocks. Background Technology

[0004] Laboratory-based thermal simulation of hydrocarbon generation from source rocks is an important experiment for reproducing hydrocarbon generation processes during geological history, evaluating hydrocarbon generation quantity, quality, and the composition and properties of byproducts. The reactor is a key component of the experimental equipment. The working principle of the thermal simulation involves placing a source rock sample into the reactor, evacuating it, and injecting an inert gas. Heating generates products, increasing the pressure inside the reactor. When the pressure reaches a set product discharge pressure, the product is discharged from the reactor, collected, and analyzed. During the thermal simulation of geological history processes from source rocks, the reactor operates under a high-temperature, high-pressure environment. The simulated samples include, but are not limited to, source rocks such as shale, mudstone, and coal. During the high-temperature, high-pressure thermal simulation, source rocks produce hydrocarbons (oil and gas) along with non-hydrocarbon gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and water vapor. Hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation reactors must be resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and corrosion. Therefore, the base material of the reactor is generally carbon manganese steel, stainless steel, zirconium, nickel-based alloys and other composite materials. Commonly used materials include 625 stainless steel, 825 stainless steel or other steels. These steels are commonly used in industry, have good high temperature and high pressure resistance, and have good corrosion resistance in a single corrosive environment lacking water vapor. However, these steels are not strong in hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Under the complex corrosive environment of high temperature and high pressure with water vapor, their corrosion resistance is greatly reduced.

[0005] During the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal simulation of source rocks, the proportion of products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and water vapor is relatively high. For example, in a certain region, under the conditions of 5 MPa fluid pressure and a heating rate of 20℃ / day, non-hydrocarbon gases account for about 30% of the thermally simulated produced gases, and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and water vapor account for about 11%, 0.05%, 10%, 3%, and 9% of the total produced gases, respectively.

[0006] Nickel is the main component of 625 and 825 steels. Under high-temperature conditions, nickel (Ni) reacts with carbon dioxide to form nickel oxide (NiO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Simultaneously, nickel undergoes a reforming reaction in a methane + carbon dioxide environment, exhibiting good catalytic activity; nickel reacts with carbon monoxide to form Ni(CO)4. In iron-based steels, iron reacts with water vapor at high temperatures to form Fe3O4 and H2. The reaction between the reactor material and the thermally simulated hydrocarbon source products alters the composition of the products, making it impossible to accurately assess the quantity and composition of the products. Furthermore, these steels are prone to hydrogen embrittlement at 300℃. Hydrogen embrittlement consumes some hydrogen, reducing steel strength and causing cracking, shortening the reactor's lifespan and increasing the risk of safety accidents. Therefore, it is essential to solve the challenges of high-temperature and high-pressure resistance and multi-media corrosion resistance of the reactors.

[0007] Currently, in the petroleum, chemical, rubber, pesticide, dye, pharmaceutical, and food industries, reactors used for processes such as vulcanization, nitration, hydrogenation, hydrocarbonation, polymerization, and condensation often employ internal coating technology to achieve both corrosion resistance and pressure resistance. However, the internal temperature of these reactors generally does not exceed 400℃, and the pressure generally does not exceed 5MPa. Furthermore, high-temperature, high-pressure, and multi-media corrosive fluids are typically not present simultaneously. The internal coating materials for these reactors differ fundamentally from those used in hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation equipment. Hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation involves a maximum temperature of 1000℃, a maximum pressure of 80MPa, and multi-media corrosive fluids. Existing internal coating material formulations cannot meet the requirements for long-term use under the high-temperature, high-pressure, and multi-media corrosive fluid environments of hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation, potentially leading to safety accidents. Therefore, a new internal coating material formulation is urgently needed, but a solution has not yet been found.

[0008] Currently, the most commonly used methods for preparing corrosion-resistant internal coatings are as follows: First, using Hastelloy lining plates on carbon steel substrates; second, applying enamel to carbon steel substrates to increase their corrosion resistance and wear resistance; and third, pre-feeding powder cladding of Hastelloy coatings, which involves uniformly mixing binder and Hastelloy powder, coating it onto the surface of the substrate metal for laser cladding, and then applying paint for coating. However, all three methods have shortcomings: In the first method, due to the lack of sealing between the Hastelloy liner and the carbon steel, corrosion will occur at the weld between the Hastelloy liner and the carbon steel substrate after a period of use, affecting the performance of the reactor; in the second method, the thermal conductivity of the enamel coating differs greatly from that of the substrate, resulting in weak temperature resistance, easy enamel cracking, and poorer corrosion resistance compared to the Hastelloy liner, significantly reducing the reactor's lifespan and affecting the equipment's service life; in the third method, the pre-feeding powder cladding is not only cumbersome to operate and requires adhesives, but also requires the application of a coating after cladding for double corrosion resistance, which easily leads to defects such as porosity and cracks, affecting the surface quality of the reactor and making it prone to hydrogen embrittlement. These problems urgently need to be solved in the preparation and application of existing reactor coatings, but solutions have not yet been found.

[0009] In summary, existing thermal simulation reactor devices cannot meet the requirements for accurate data reproduction and long reactor lifespan in high-temperature, high-pressure, multi-medium, and highly corrosive fluid environments used in thermal simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop internal coating material formulations and preparation methods specifically for the experimental conditions and products of thermal simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks to ensure accurate acquisition of the composition and quantity of simulated hydrocarbon source rock products and to guarantee safe operation over extended periods. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of existing reactors used for hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation, which cannot meet the requirements for the authenticity of the simulated product data and the short service life of the reactors under high temperature, high pressure, multi-media, and highly corrosive fluid environments. This invention provides a coating material and a coating substrate, as well as their applications, preparation methods of the coating substrate, and a hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation method. The coating material has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a coating material comprising, by weight of total weight of the coating material: manganese: 0.1-5 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3-4 wt%, copper: 1-3 wt%, carbon: 0.02-1.8 wt%, silicon: 0.01-3 wt%, chromium and gold: 83.19-95.86 wt%, and iron and / or titanium: not more than 0.01 wt%.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a coating substrate comprising a base material and a coating material coated on the surface of the base material, wherein the coating material is the coating material described in the first aspect; the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and the thermal expansion coefficient of the base material is 0-5%; and the melting point of the coating material is more than 10°C higher than the melting point of the base material.

[0013] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the coating substrate described in the second aspect, the method comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a coating material into a coating liquid; S2, coating the coating liquid from step S1 onto the surface of a substrate material, followed by annealing and polishing; wherein, in step S2, during coating, the temperature of the coating material is 15-20°C higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material, and the temperature of the substrate material is 10-20°C lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material.

[0014] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the coating material described in the first aspect and / or the coating substrate described in the second aspect in at least one of high-temperature reaction, high-pressure reaction and reaction involving corrosive substances.

[0015] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for thermal simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks, the method being carried out in a reactor, the reactor being a reactor whose inner surface is coated with the coating material described in the first aspect, the method comprising: under an inert atmosphere, the hydrocarbon source rock decomposes to produce hydrocarbon-containing products.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] The coating material of this invention has excellent high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0018] The coating substrate of the present invention has excellent high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, while the coating material has good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0019] The preparation method of the present invention, by controlling the temperature of the coating material to be higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material and the temperature of the substrate material to be lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material, makes the coating material in the prepared coating substrate have good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0020] The coating material and coating substrate of the present invention are applied in at least one of high-temperature reaction, high-pressure reaction and reaction involving corrosive substances, and have excellent high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance and corrosion resistance. At the same time, the coating material has good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0021] The hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation method of the present invention uses a reactor coated with the coating material of the present invention, which can effectively prevent the products generated during the thermal simulation process from corroding the reactor and causing hydrogen embrittlement, avoid secondary reactions between some components in the reactor and the products during the thermal simulation process, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the thermal simulation results and improving the service life of the reactor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0023] The present invention provides a coating material comprising, by weight of total weight of the coating material, the following components: manganese: 0.1-5 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3-4 wt%, copper: 1-3 wt%, carbon: 0.02-1.8 wt%, silicon: 0.01-3 wt%, chromium and gold: 83.19-95.86 wt%, and iron and / or titanium: not more than 0.01 wt%.

[0024] The coating material of this invention has excellent high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating material comprises, by weight of total coating material: manganese: 1-4 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3-4 wt%, copper: 2-3 wt%, carbon: 0.05-1.5 wt%, silicon: 1-2 wt%, chromium and gold: 85.49-92.948 wt%, iron and / or titanium: 0.002-0.01 wt%.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating material does not contain nickel.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of niobium to tantalum in the niobium and tantalum components is 0.4-0.5:0.5-0.6, for example, 0.4:0.6, 0.45:0.55, and 0.5:0.5. By adopting the aforementioned preferred embodiment, the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coating material can be further improved.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of chromium to gold in the chromium and gold components is 0.8-0.9:0.1-0.2, for example, 0.8:0.2, 0.85:0.15, and 0.9:0.1. By adopting the aforementioned preferred embodiment, the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coating material can be further improved.

[0029] The present invention provides a coating substrate comprising a base material and a coating material coated on the surface of the base material, wherein the coating material is the aforementioned coating material of the present invention; the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and the thermal expansion coefficient of the base material is 0-5%; and the melting point of the coating material is more than 10°C higher than the melting point of the base material.

[0030] The coating substrate of the present invention has excellent high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, while the coating material has good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material can achieve the purpose of the present invention as long as it is within the aforementioned range, for example, 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 4.8%, preferably 0-3%.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the purpose of the present invention can be achieved as long as the melting point of the coating material is higher than that of the base material within the aforementioned range, such as 10°C, 13°C, 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 35°C, preferably 10-25°C.

[0033] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, there are no special requirements for the coating thickness of the coating material on the surface of the substrate material. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the coating thickness of the coating material on the surface of the substrate material is 1-2 mm.

[0034] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, there are no special requirements for the uniformity error of the coating thickness of the coating material. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the uniformity error of the coating thickness is 0-0.05 mm.

[0035] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, the type of matrix material can be a conventional choice in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the matrix material is chromium-nickel stainless steel, preferably 625 stainless steel and / or 825 stainless steel.

[0036] This invention provides a method for preparing the coating substrate, the method comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a coating material into a coating liquid; S2, coating the coating liquid from step S1 onto the surface of a substrate material, followed by annealing and polishing; wherein, in step S2, during coating, the temperature of the coating material is 15-20°C higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material, and the temperature of the substrate material is 10-20°C lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material.

[0037] The preparation method of the present invention, by controlling the temperature of the coating material to be higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material and the temperature of the substrate material to be lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material, makes the coating material in the prepared coating substrate have good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the temperature of the coating material is higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material as long as the temperature is within the aforementioned range, such as higher than 16°C, 17°C, 18°C ​​and 19°C, preferably higher than 15-18°C.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, during coating, the temperature of the substrate material is lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material as long as it is within the aforementioned range, such as lower than 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C ​​and 19°C, preferably lower than 10-15°C.

[0040] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface shape tolerance of the substrate material is 0-0.5 mm, preferably 0-0.05 mm.

[0041] In this invention, the substrate material is pretreated to meet the above-mentioned surface shape tolerance requirements.

[0042] In this invention, any pretreatment method that meets the foregoing requirements of this invention can achieve the purpose of this invention. There are no special requirements for the pretreatment method. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the pretreatment method includes: grinding the substrate material and then cleaning it.

[0043] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, the grinding method can be a conventional means in the field, such as mechanical grinding. It is preferred to use superhard abrasive for mechanical grinding, and more preferably to first grind with a large-size abrasive, then with a medium-size abrasive, and finally with a small-size abrasive.

[0044] In this invention, the cleaning process can be a conventional choice in the art as long as it can achieve the purpose of this invention. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the cleaning process includes: immersing the smoothed substrate material in an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid and / or nitric acid for 1-2 hours, in clean water for 5-6 hours, and in distilled water for 2-3 hours in sequence, followed by rinsing with distilled water, drying, and cooling.

[0045] In this invention, the drying method is a conventional choice in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying method includes: a drying temperature of 80-120°C, and a drying time that is adjusted accordingly with the drying temperature, for example, a drying time of 2-5 hours.

[0046] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, there are no special requirements for the preparation method of the coating liquid containing the coating material. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the preparation method of the coating liquid containing the coating material includes: under oxygen-free conditions, the components of the coating material determined in step S1 are proportioned and then calcined to prepare a blank material to be used.

[0047] In this invention, when the coating liquid is applied to the coating substrate after being applied to the surface of the base material, there are no special requirements for the thickness of the coating material. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the coating material after the coating liquid is applied to the coating substrate after being applied to the surface of the base material is 2-3 mm.

[0048] In this invention, when the coating liquid is applied to the coating substrate after being applied to the surface of the base material, the uniformity error of the coating material is a conventional choice in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the coating liquid is applied to the coating substrate after being applied to the surface of the base material, the uniformity error of the coating material is 0-0.5 mm.

[0049] In this invention, there are no special requirements for the thickness of the coating material in the annealed and polished substrate. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the coating material in the annealed and polished substrate is 1-2 mm.

[0050] In this invention, the uniformity error of the coating material in the annealed and polished substrate is a conventional choice in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the uniformity error of the coating material in the annealed and polished substrate is 0-0.05 mm.

[0051] In this invention, as long as the purpose of this invention can be achieved, the coating method can be a conventional choice in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, a coating tool such as a spray gun is used to coat the coating liquid containing the coating material onto the surface of the substrate material. Preferably, the number of coatings is 4-15 times, and more preferably, the thickness of each coating is 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0052] In this invention, the annealing conditions are conventional choices in the art. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annealing conditions include: an annealing cooling rate of 850°C / h or higher, preferably 850-1000°C / h.

[0053] In this invention, the annealed coated substrate is ground smooth, for example by mechanical grinding, preferably by using superhard abrasive, and more preferably by first grinding with large-size abrasive, then with medium-size abrasive, and finally with small-size abrasive.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polishing process is a conventional method in the art, such as laser polishing.

[0055] The present invention provides the application of the coating material and / or the coating substrate described herein in at least one of high-temperature reactions, high-pressure reactions, and reactions involving corrosive substances.

[0056] The coating material and coating substrate of the present invention are applied in at least one of high-temperature reaction, high-pressure reaction and reaction involving corrosive substances, and have excellent high-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance and corrosion resistance. At the same time, the coating material has good ductility and is not easy to crack and / or peel off.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for the high-temperature reaction include: a temperature not exceeding 1000°C, preferably 400-1000°C.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for the high-pressure reaction include: the pressure is not higher than 80 MPa, preferably 5-80 MPa.

[0059] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosive substance is selected from at least one of water, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

[0060] In this invention, corrosive substances refer to the materials of the reactor used for corrosion reactions, and substances that cause chemical and / or physical deterioration of the materials.

[0061] This invention provides a method for thermal simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks. The method is carried out in a reactor, wherein the reactor is a reactor with the coating material on its inner surface. The method includes: decomposing the source rock to produce hydrocarbon-containing products under an inert atmosphere.

[0062] The hydrocarbon source rock thermal simulation method of the present invention uses a reactor coated with the coating material of the present invention, which can effectively prevent the products generated during the thermal simulation process from corroding the reactor and causing hydrogen embrittlement, avoid secondary reactions between some components in the reactor and the products during the thermal simulation process, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the thermal simulation results and improving the service life of the reactor.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decomposition conditions include a temperature of 300-1000°C, for example, temperatures of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 950°C.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decomposition conditions include a pressure of 30-80 MPa, for example, the pressure can be 35 MPa, 40 MPa, 45 MPa, 50 MPa, 55 MPa, 60 MPa, 65 MPa, 70 MPa, 75 MPa and 80 MPa.

[0065] In this invention, the hydrocarbon-containing product also includes non-hydrocarbon gases. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the non-hydrocarbon gases include at least one of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and water vapor.

[0066] In this invention, the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon-containing product include crude oil and methane, etc.

[0067] In this invention, no special requirements are made for the source rock as long as the purpose of this invention can be met. The following is an illustrative description, but it does not limit the scope of this invention. According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the source rock includes at least one of shale, mudstone and coal.

[0068] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. In the following embodiments,

[0069] The mechanical properties of the matrix material and the coated substrate were measured according to the method in GB / T 24511-2017;

[0070] The thickness of the coating material was measured using a laser rangefinder;

[0071] The uniformity error of the coating thickness was measured using an optical thickness monitoring system.

[0072] The surface shape tolerance of the matrix material was measured using a dial gauge connected to a data acquisition instrument.

[0073] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials are commercially available products.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] 20mm thick 825 stainless steel was selected as the base material. The coating material formulation was as follows: manganese: 1.5wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3.8wt%, copper: 2.2wt%, carbon: 1.2wt%, silicon: 1.1wt%, chromium and gold: 90.195wt%, iron and titanium: 0.005wt%, wherein the mass ratio of niobium to tantalum was 0.5:0.5, and the mass ratio of chromium to gold was 0.8:0.2. Measurements showed that the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and that of 825 stainless steel was 2%, and the melting point of the coating material was 15℃ higher than that of 825 stainless steel.

[0076] Preparation of coating liquid containing coating material: Prepare the ingredients according to the coating material formula, calcine to 1400℃, and prepare the blank material to be used.

[0077] The coating liquid is applied to the surface of the substrate material, followed by annealing and polishing.

[0078] Pre-treatment of 825 stainless steel: First, polish with artificial diamond abrasive with a grit size of 18 / 20, then polish with artificial diamond abrasive with a grit size of 50 / 60, and finally polish with artificial diamond abrasive with a grit size of 100 / 120. The surface shape tolerance of the polished 825 stainless steel is 0.01. The polished 825 stainless steel is completely immersed in hydrochloric acid (concentration of 38wt%) for 1 hour, then completely immersed in clean water for 5 hours, and then completely immersed in distilled water for 2 hours. It is rinsed twice with distilled water. After that, the cleaned 825 stainless steel is placed in a constant temperature chamber at 80℃ for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature.

[0079] 825 stainless steel is heated to 1370℃ in a constant temperature furnace, and then the coating liquid containing the coating material is heated to 1410℃. The molten coating material is evenly sprayed onto the 825 stainless steel through a spray gun. The spray gun flow rate and moving speed are automatically controlled to ensure that the coating material is sprayed to a thickness of 0.2mm-0.5mm per spray. The inner coating material is sprayed multiple times on the inner wall of the reactor until the inner coating thickness is 3mm. The coating material thickness is controlled by laser ranging, and the uniformity error of the total coating material thickness is 0.2mm.

[0080] The coated 825 stainless steel was annealed. The annealing process was as follows: the annealing medium was water and the annealing cooling rate was 880℃ / h.

[0081] The annealed and coated 825 stainless steel is then ground and polished: first with 18 / 20 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, then with 50 / 60 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, and finally with 100 / 120 grit synthetic diamond abrasive. The ground 825 stainless steel is then laser polished. The coating thickness of the 825 stainless steel after grinding and polishing is 2mm, and the uniformity error of the coating is 0.02mm.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] A 20mm thick 625 stainless steel was selected as the base material. The coating material formulation was as follows: manganese: 3.8wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3.1wt%, copper: 2.9wt%, carbon: 0.08wt%, silicon: 1.5wt%, chromium and gold: 88.612wt%, iron and titanium: 0.008wt%, with a niobium to tantalum mass ratio of 0.4:0.6 and a chromium to gold mass ratio of 0.9:0.1. Measurements showed that the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and that of 625 stainless steel was 0.5%, and the melting point of the coating material was 20℃ higher than that of 625 stainless steel.

[0084] Preparation of coating liquid containing coating material: Prepare the ingredients according to the coating material formula, calcine to 1350℃, and prepare the blank material to be used.

[0085] The coating liquid is applied to the surface of the substrate material, followed by annealing and polishing. Pre-treatment of 625 stainless steel involves grinding with 18 / 20 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, then with 50 / 60 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, and finally with 100 / 120 grit synthetic diamond abrasive. The surface shape tolerance of the ground 625 stainless steel is 0.04. The ground 625 stainless steel is then completely immersed in hydrochloric acid (38wt%) for 2 hours, then completely immersed in clean water for 6 hours, and then completely immersed in distilled water for 3 hours. It is rinsed twice with distilled water. After rinsing, the cleaned 625 stainless steel is placed in a constant temperature chamber at 80℃ for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature.

[0086] 625 stainless steel is heated to 1305℃ in a constant temperature furnace, and then the coating liquid containing the coating material is heated to 1358℃. The molten coating material is evenly sprayed onto the 625 stainless steel through a spray gun. The spray gun flow rate and moving speed are automatically controlled to ensure that the coating material is sprayed to a thickness of 0.2mm-0.5mm per spray. The inner coating material is sprayed multiple times on the inner wall of the reactor until the inner coating thickness is 2mm. The coating material thickness is controlled by laser ranging, and the uniformity error of the total coating material thickness is 0.5mm.

[0087] The coated 625 stainless steel is annealed. The annealing process is as follows: the annealing medium is water and the annealing cooling rate is 850℃ / h.

[0088] The annealed and coated 625 stainless steel is then ground and polished: first with 18 / 20 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, then with 50 / 60 grit synthetic diamond abrasive, and finally with 100 / 120 grit synthetic diamond abrasive. The ground 625 stainless steel is then laser polished. The coating thickness of the 625 stainless steel after grinding and polishing is 1 mm, and the uniformity error of the coating is 0.04 mm.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Similar to Example 1, except that the coating material formulation is as follows: manganese: 0.2 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3.05 wt%, copper: 1.1 wt%, carbon: 0.03 wt%, silicon: 0.065 wt%, chromium and gold: 95.55 wt%, iron and titanium: 0.005 wt%, wherein the mass ratio of niobium to tantalum is 0.5:0.5, and the mass ratio of chromium to gold is 0.8:0.2.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] Similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of chromium to gold is 0.7:0.3. It was determined that the difference between the thermal expansion rate of the coating material and that of 825 stainless steel is 3.5%, and the melting point of the coating material is 13°C higher than that of 825 stainless steel.

[0093] Example 5

[0094] Similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of niobium to tantalum is 0.3:0.7.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] Similar to Example 1, except that during coating, the coating liquid containing the coating material is heated to 1420°C.

[0097] Example 7

[0098] Similar to Example 1, except that during coating, 825 stainless steel is placed in a thermostatic furnace and heated to 1385°C.

[0099] Comparative Example 1

[0100] Similar to Comparative Example 1, but with the following formula for the coating material: manganese: 5.3 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3.8 wt%, copper: 3.5 wt%, carbon: 2.6 wt%, silicon: 4.8 wt%, chromium and gold: 79.99 wt%, iron and titanium: 0.01 wt%, wherein the mass ratio of niobium to tantalum is 0.5:0.5, and the mass ratio of chromium to gold is 0.8:0.2.

[0101] Comparative Example 2

[0102] Similar to Example 1, except that the inner coating material is commercially available chemically pure C-276 Hastelloy.

[0103] Test Example 1

[0104] In the thermal simulation of source rocks, 20mm diameter 825 stainless steel, 625 stainless steel, and stainless steel coated with the material from Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were simultaneously placed in a reactor to conduct thermal simulation experiments along with the source rocks. The heating conditions for the source rocks (shale) in the reactor were: a heating rate of 5℃ / day, an initial temperature of 25℃, a final heating temperature of 600℃, and continuous heating at 600℃ for 48 hours. The effects of the thermal simulation products of the source rocks on the mechanical properties of each material were studied. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Test Example 2

[0106] The same piece of shale was crushed and mixed evenly, then divided into 11 groups. Each group was subjected to a thermal simulation experiment under identical conditions using an 825 stainless steel reactor, a 625 stainless steel reactor, and a stainless steel reactor coated with the materials used in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The reactor heating conditions were: a heating rate of 5°C / day, an initial temperature of 25°C, a final heating temperature of 600°C, and continuous heating at 600°C for 48 hours. The cumulative product results are shown in Table 2.

[0107] Table 1

[0108] Table 2

[0109] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coating material, characterized in that, The coating material comprises the following components by total mass: Manganese: 0.1-5 wt%, Niobium and Tantalum: 3-4 wt%, Copper: 1-3 wt%, Carbon: 0.02-1.8 wt%, Silicon: 0.01-3 wt%, Chromium and Gold: 83.19-95.86 wt%, Iron and / or Titanium: not more than 0.01 wt%.

2. The coating material according to claim 1, wherein, The coating material comprises, by total mass, manganese: 1-4 wt%, niobium and tantalum: 3-4 wt%, copper: 2-3 wt%, carbon: 0.05-1.5 wt%, silicon: 1-2 wt%, chromium and gold: 85.49-92.948 wt%, and iron and / or titanium: 0.002-0.01 wt%.

3. The coating material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The mass ratio of niobium to tantalum in the niobium and tantalum composition is 0.4-0.5:0.5-0.6; and / or The mass ratio of chromium to gold in the chromium and gold components is 0.8-0.9:0.1-0.

2.

4. A coated substrate, characterized in that, The coating substrate comprises a base material and a coating material coated on the surface of the base material, wherein, The coating material is the coating material described in any one of claims 1-3; The difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material is 0-5%; the melting point of the coating material is more than 10°C higher than the melting point of the substrate material.

5. The coating substrate according to claim 4, wherein, The difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating material and the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material is 0-3%; and / or The melting point of the coating material is 10-25°C higher than that of the base material.

6. The coating substrate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The coating material has a coating thickness of 1-2 mm on the substrate material surface, and / or the uniformity error of the coating material coating thickness is 0-0.05 mm.

7. The coating substrate according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein, The base material is chromium-nickel stainless steel, preferably 625 stainless steel and / or 825 stainless steel.

8. The method for preparing the coating substrate according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the coating material into a coating liquid; S2. Apply the coating liquid from step S1 to the surface of the substrate material, and then perform annealing and polishing. In step S2, during coating, the temperature of the coating material is 15-20°C higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material, and the temperature of the substrate material is 10-20°C lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein, The surface shape tolerance of the matrix material is 0-0.5 mm, preferably 0-0.05 mm.

10. The preparation method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein, The coating liquid is applied to the substrate after being applied to the surface of the base material. The thickness of the coating material is 2-3 mm, and / or the uniformity error of the coating material thickness is 0-0.5 mm.

11. The preparation method according to any one of claims 8-10, wherein, In the annealed and polished substrate, the thickness of the coating material is 1-2 mm, and / or the uniformity error of the coating material thickness is 0-0.05 mm.

12. The preparation method according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein, In step S3, during coating, the temperature of the coating material is 15-18°C higher than the melting point temperature of the coating material, and the temperature of the substrate material is 10-15°C lower than the melting point temperature of the substrate material.

13. The preparation method according to any one of claims 8-12, wherein, In step S3, The annealing conditions include: an annealing cooling rate of 850℃ / h or higher, preferably 850-1000℃ / h; and / or The polishing process is laser polishing.

14. The use of the coating material according to any one of claims 1-3 and / or the coating substrate according to any one of claims 4-7 in at least one of high-temperature reaction, high-pressure reaction and reaction involving corrosive substances.

15. The application according to claim 14, wherein, The conditions for the high-temperature reaction include: a temperature not exceeding 1000℃, preferably 400-1000℃; and / or The conditions for the high-pressure reaction include: a pressure not exceeding 80 MPa, preferably 5-80 MPa; and / or The corrosive substance is selected from at least one of water, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

16. A method for simulating the thermal activity of hydrocarbon source rocks, wherein the method is carried out in a reactor, characterized in that, The reactor is a reactor whose inner surface is coated with the coating material described in any one of claims 1-3, and the method includes: decomposing source rock to produce hydrocarbon-containing products under an inert atmosphere.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The decomposition conditions include: a temperature of 300-1000℃ and / or a pressure of 30-80 MPa; and / or The hydrocarbon-containing product also includes non-hydrocarbon gases, preferably including at least one of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and water vapor; and / or The hydrocarbon-containing product contains crude oil and methane; and / or The source rock includes at least one of shale, mudstone, and coal.

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