Apparatus for forming oral foam and methods of manufacture thereof

Abstract

A human-powered apparatus for generating orally administrable foam is disclosed. The apparatus includes a liquid reservoir and a foaming mechanism housed within a tubular or otherwise elongated structure. The foaming mechanism comprises chambers and flow paths configured to mix liquid from the reservoir with ambient air drawn into the device when the user applies suction at an outlet end. At least one air- admission opening or equivalent aeration feature introduces air into the fluid stream to promote bubble formation. In operation, suction creates negative pressure that draws liquid from the reservoir into the foaming region, where it is aerated and transformed into foam. The generated foam is then delivered to the user through an outlet or mouthpiece. The device operates without external power, propellants, or mechanical pumps and may be constructed using flexible or rigid reservoirs, Venturi-based or porous-matrix foaming structures, and a variety of airflow control features.

Description

APPARATUS FOR FORMING ORAL FOAM AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOFFIELD

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to an apparatus for generating a foam from a liquid solution, and more particularly to an apparatus for forming an orally administrable foam via suction generated by a human for delivery of active ingredients suspended in the foam. As used herein, "foam" refers to a gas and liquid dispersion suitable for introduction into the oral cavity. Foam generation may include Venturi acceleration, porous media interaction, turbulence, diffusers, or combinations thereof. As used herein, "orally administrable foam" refers to such a dispersion configured to deliver ingredients to buccal or sublingual membranes. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all features described in this disclosure may be combined in any technically feasible manner.BACKGROUND

[0002] Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section. The buccal membranes lining the human oral cavity possess a highly vascularized structure that is particularly well suited to the rapid absorption of certain classes of active ingredients. As a result, buccal administration has become an increasingly important route for delivering pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and recreational compounds, including, but not limited to, nicotine used in nicotine- replacement therapies. The efficiency of buccal uptake is strongly correlated with the surface area of liquid or semi-liquid formulation that is brought into direct contact with the mucosal surface. In general, the larger the surface area presented to the membrane, the more rapidly and completely the active compound can be absorbed. Traditional oral delivery systems, however, inherently limit the available surface area for absorption. Conventional approaches typically rely on swallowing a liquid bolus, or on slow dissolution and diffusion of actives from a solid dosage form such as a lozenge, gum, or pouch. These methods produce relatively small interfacial areas and require prolonged residence time in the mouth before meaningful absorption occurs. In pouch-based systems, for example, the active compound remains largely contained within a fibrous or polymeric substrate, with release occurring gradually and often inefficiently. Similarly, {00258854} 1liquid solutions administered orally tend to pool or be swallowed before adequate buccal contact is achieved. Consequently, such techniques are constrained by low absorption efficiency, slow onset of action, and the need for excess active material to compensate for poor mucosal delivery.

[0003] Furthermore, while certain active compounds are efficiently absorbed through the buccal membranes, those same compounds may produce undesirable physiological effects when inadvertently swallowed. Such effects may include gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, or other forms of stomach discomfort that arise when the active compound encounters the acidic environment of the stomach or the enzymatic conditions of the upper digestive tract. These adverse reactions occur not because the compound is inherently unsuitable for buccal delivery, but because its pharmacokinetic behavior differs significantly when processed through the gastrointestinal system rather than absorbed directly into the bloodstream via the oral mucosa. Accordingly, oral delivery systems for such compounds require the user to avoid swallowing excess formulation and, in many cases, must allow the user to expectorate any unabsorbed portion. This expectation can be inconvenient, socially undesirable, or impractical in many real-world settings. The only effective means of avoiding gastrointestinal exposure is to ensure that the amount of active ingredient present in the mouth at any given time is strictly controlled and that absorption across the buccal membranes occurs rapidly and efficiently. However, traditional delivery modalities, such as pouches, lozenges, gums, or free liquids, are fundamentally limited by the small surface area they present to the mucosa and by slow-release kinetics. As a result, these approaches typically rely on providing an excess of active compound to ensure sufficient uptake, which in turn increases the likelihood of unintended swallowing and the associated side effects. These inherent limitations make precise dosing difficult and underscore the need for a delivery mechanism capable of maximizing surface-area contact while minimizing the presence of excess material within the oral cavity.

[0004] Various devices have been developed to generate foam for oral delivery; however, each suffers from limitations that make them unsuitable for compact, consumer-friendly dosing applications. Some known devices employ chemical reaction-based foaming, such as those used in certain nicotine products in which an effervescent pellet or tablet is dropped into a liquid, producing bubbles through acid-base reactions or other gas-{00258854} 2releasing mechanisms. While these systems can generate foam, their reliance on reactive components introduces variability, limits formulation flexibility, and can affect the sensory characteristics or stability of the final foam. Other foam-production approaches rely on compressed gas injection, where a pressurized cartridge or mechanical pump forces gas into a liquid stream to aerate it. Although capable of producing high-quality foam, these devices tend to be relatively large, mechanically complex, or reliant on consumable gas canisters. Their dependence on an external energy source, whether chemical, mechanical, or compressed, also limits portability and can result in foam volumes that are dispensed in fixed, quantized amounts rather than in response to user- controlled demand. Given these shortcomings, there exists a need for an improved foamgeneration apparatus that is compact, easy to manufacture, and capable of reliably producing orally administrable foam without the use of chemical reactions, compressed gases, or powered mechanisms. A device that operates solely on human suction would allow the user to generate foam on demand, control the quantity of foam delivered, and do so using a simple, low-cost structure compatible with single-use or disposable formats. Conventional foam-generating systems used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or oral applications typically rely on pressurized containers, propellant gases, mechanical pumps, aerosol mechanisms, or chemical effervescence reactions to form a foam. Such systems require external energy inputs and do not enable a user to generate foam solely through human suction. Moreover, these systems are generally not optimized for producing a small-bubble, stable foam suitable for direct buccal or sublingual administration. The present disclosure provides a suction-powered device that operates without compressed gas, chemical gas-generation, electricity, or mechanical pumping, and is configured to convert a liquid preparation into a foam using only the negative pressure and airflow produced by a human user during inhalation. The present disclosure addresses this long-standing need by providing a suction-powered foam apparatus engineered specifically for oral delivery applications.SUMMARY

[0005] The disclosed apparatus provides improved foam uniformity, efficient air liquid mixing, reduced device complexity, improved manufacturability, reduced leakage risk, and user controlled foam dosing based solely on suction magnitude. Unlike chemical or gas driven {00258854} 3foamers, the apparatus enables foam generation proportional to user suction, allowing real time dose titration. Without limiting the scope of the appended claims, some prominent features are described herein.

[0006] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the detailed description below. These illustrations and descriptions are intended to provide clear examples of how various embodiments of the invention may be constructed and operated, and they collectively serve to articulate the full scope of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. It should be understood that the drawings depict representative structures, components, and arrangements that may be incorporated into the apparatus, but the invention is not limited to the specific configurations shown. Numerous variations, modifications, and alternative embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings provided throughout this document. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosed apparatus and methods will become apparent from the following description, the referenced drawings, and the appended claims. These materials collectively illustrate how the inventive subject matter may be implemented in practice and how different components may interact to achieve the technical benefits described. For clarity of illustration, the relative dimensions and proportions of features depicted in the figures may not be drawn to scale. Certain elements may be enlarged, simplified, or otherwise adjusted for explanatory purposes, and such modifications should not be interpreted as limiting the actual size, geometry, or arrangement of the corresponding structures in an implemented device. Geometries such as conical, cylindrical, rectangular, pyramidal, elliptical, or polygons are illustrative and not limiting; any equivalent geometry that produces differential fluid velocity is included within the scope of this disclosure. Components may be fabricated from single materials or composite materials including polymers, elastomers, foams, metals, ceramics, laminates, biopolymers, or combinations thereof. Suitable viscosity ranges include 0.5 to 500 cP with performance possible from 0.3 to 2000 cP depending on airflow configuration. Human suction pressures typically range from negative 2 kilopascals to negative 20 kilopascals, and chamber geometries may be optimized for this range. Foam characteristics may be influenced by time-varying suction patterns, pulsatile suction, or intermittent inhalation. Manufacturing tolerances may vary by plus or minus 5 percent,{00258854} 410 percent, or 20 percent without impairing foam generation. The liquid formulation may comprise homogeneous liquids, heterogeneous mixtures, suspensions, emulsions, dispersions, microencapsulated droplets, multi-phase fluids, semi-liquid gels, syrups, or thixotropic mixtures such as gels, emulsions, or suspensions. Unlike solid foam films, foam strips, or pre-formed foam matrices known in the art, which must be manufactured in a rigid or semi-rigid format before use, the present apparatus is designed to foam a liquid composition in situ at the moment of use. Foam generation occurs within the device only when a user applies suction, producing a fresh, high-surface-area foam immediately prior to oral delivery. This approach eliminates the limitations associated with pre-formed foams, including degradation, brittleness, storage instability, and limited surface conformability. The apparatus disclosed herein is specifically configured to operate without propellant gases, pressurized containers, electrical pumps, vibrating aerators, chemical effervescence generators, or any externally applied mechanical energy. Foam generation is driven solely by the user’s suction and airflow, passing through one or more foaming structures internal to the device. This distinguishes the apparatus from conventional aerosol foamers and mechanically actuated foaming dispensers.

[0007] In one aspect, an apparatus for forming an oral foam is provided. The apparatus comprises a tubular housing having a wall that defines an internal cavity extending between a first open end and a second open end. The housing may be generally cylindrical, although other geometries may be implemented so long as an interior passage for accommodating the reservoir and foaming components is provided. Positioned within the internal cavity is a fluid reservoir bag, which includes a flexible bag body having a fluid reservoir portion and an open top portion. The reservoir portion is defined by two vertical side seals, a lower closing seal, and an upper weak membrane that forms a top seal. The weak membrane is engineered so that at least a portion of it is rupturable under pressure, typically the pressure generated when the user compresses the housing or initiates suction. The reservoir portion is pre-filled with a liquid formulation in its liquid state, with the bottom seal oriented toward the first open end of the housing to maintain directional flow integrity. Also disposed within the housing cavity is a foaming device comprising an aeration mechanism, such as a Venturi structure or functionally equivalent geometry, positioned adjacent to the reservoir. The foaming device includes an intake{00258854} 5chamber, an outlet chamber, and a foaming chamber positioned between them. A fluid conduit extends continuously from an inlet end at the intake chamber to an outlet end at the outlet chamber, thereby establishing a unidirectional fluid pathway through which the liquid can be drawn. In preferred embodiments, the diameter of the conduit at the foaming chamber is smaller than the corresponding diameters of the conduit in both the intake and outlet chambers, creating a localized constriction that facilitates air entrainment and foam generation when suction is applied. The open top portion of the reservoir bag is positioned over and at least partially fitted around the intake chamber of the foaming device, and in some embodiments may be sealed to the exterior surface of the intake chamber. Such sealing may be performed through any suitable method, including heat sealing, adhesive bonding, ultrasonic sealing, or mechanical compression, with heat sealing being preferred for simplicity and manufacturability. The foaming device may further include one or more air openings formed in or near the foaming chamber to allow ambient air to enter the conduit during suction, thereby facilitating mixing with the liquid portion of the formulation. An inlet filter may be positioned at or near the first open end of the housing. The inlet filter closes the interior cavity from external contaminants while still permitting ambient air to be drawn into the system during inhalation. Similarly, an outlet filter may be positioned at or near the second open end of the housing. The outlet filter ensures that the foam produced within the foaming device is delivered cleanly and consistently into the user’s oral cavity. Both the inlet and outlet filters are selected to be porous, allowing airflow while preventing ingress of particulate contaminants or unintentional leakage of liquid from the reservoir. During use, air enters the housing through the inlet filter, passes through the foaming device, and exits as aerated foam through the outlet filter in response to user suction, allowing the device to operate entirely without external power.

[0008] When a user applies force to the wall of the housing, the applied compression is transmitted directly to the fluid reservoir portion of the flexible bag body, thereby increasing the internal pressure within the reservoir. Once the internal pressure reaches the rupture threshold designed into the weak membrane (also known as the top seal), that membrane fails in a controlled manner. This rupture creates a passageway through which the liquid contained in the reservoir can exit the fluid-holding portion of the bag and enter the intake chamber of the foaming device. The controlled rupture of the weak membrane{00258854} 6ensures both predictable activation of the device and consistent release of the liquid for subsequent aeration. Following membrane rupture, the user initiates inhalation through the outlet end of the housing. This inhalation generates a region of negative pressure at the outlet fdter and along the downstream portion of the internal conduit. The pressure differential thereby created draws fresh ambient air into the housing through the inlet fdter, and this air then travels through the inner cavity toward the foaming device. As the user continues to inhale, all of the incoming air or a portion of the incoming air is diverted through the at least one air-opening located in communication with the foaming chamber. The converging air and liquid streams interact within the foaming chamber, where the geometry of the foaming device, such as constricted diameters, angled surfaces, or internal flow features, causes the air to be entrained into the flowing liquid, forming a foam. Within the foaming chamber, the fluid experiences regions of increased velocity and reduced static pressure, conditions that facilitate bubble nucleation and stabilization. The resulting foam then transitions into the outlet chamber, where its structure may further homogenize due to the expanding geometry or optional flow-conditioning features. From there, the foam passes through the outlet fdter and is delivered directly into the user’s oral cavity.

[0009] In another aspect, the venturi effect may be omitted from the design, and foam formation may instead be achieved through the interaction of the liquid and entrained air as they pass through a porous fdter located proximate to the second end of the housing, such as the outlet fdter. In this configuration, the porous fdter itself serves as the primary aeration mechanism: as liquid is drawn toward the outlet under user-applied suction, the fluid is forced through the interconnected voids within the porous structure, where mechanical breakup of the liquid stream and introduction of air pockets result in the formation of aerated foam. This approach offers a simplified alternative to venturi-based designs and may be advantageous in applications where reduced part count, simplified molding, or specific foam textures are desired. In some embodiments employing porous foaming, the flexible reservoir bag may be pre-filled with a porous material, such as closed-cell polyethylene foam, prior to the addition and sealing of the liquid formulation. After the bag is subsequently filled, the liquid permeates the pores of the material or is retained within the interstices of the foam structure. When the weak membrane is ruptured, suction-induced flow carries the liquid from the impregnated porous material toward the{00258854} 7porous outlet filter, where additional aeration and foam formation occur. In other embodiments, the flexible reservoir bag may be externally surrounded by a porous material. In such versions, the porous material contacts the exterior surface of the reservoir portion, and when the weak membrane ruptures, the liquid saturates the surrounding porous structure. As suction is applied, the liquid is drawn through this saturated porous medium, enabling the material to function as a distributed pre-aeration layer before final foaming occurs at the outlet. In yet another embodiment, the reservoir bag may be replaced entirely with a porous material, such as closed-cell polyethylene foam, disposed within the housing. During manufacturing, the porous material is saturated with the liquid formulation, which becomes held within its internal cavity structure. Upon suction, the liquid is expressed from the porous material and directed toward the outlet foaming region. This configuration eliminates the need for a discrete flexible reservoir and may simplify assembly or enhance device durability. Regardless of the specific porous-material configuration employed, one or more weak membranes or rupturable seals may be positioned at the first end, the second end, or at both ends of the housing. These seals retain the liquid securely inside the housing until the moment of intentional activation by the user. The seals may be shaped, dimensioned, or composed to rupture at a predetermined pressure. In certain embodiments, the weak membrane may be configured to rupture solely under suction without manual compression. In some embodiments, one or more of the weak membranes or seals may incorporate one-way valve features, which allow air or liquid to flow preferentially in a single direction while preventing backflow or premature leakage. Such valve-enabled membranes improve device reliability and help regulate foam formation during inhalation by ensuring proper airflow and fluid movement through the porous foaming region.

[0010] In another aspect, the fluid reservoir portion may be structurally integrated with the foaming device to form a unified, co-manufactured component. In such embodiments, the open top portion of the reservoir bag is pattern-sealed in a manner that directly defines the geometry of the foaming device, including the intake chamber, the foaming chamber, and the outlet chamber. Rather than inserting a separately manufactured foaming device into a pre-existing reservoir bag, the sealing pattern itself establishes the walls, conduits, and flow pathways of the foaming device portion. This arrangement minimizes the number of independent parts, reduces assembly steps, and ensures precise alignment of{00258854} 8the reservoir and foaming structures. The open top portion of the reservoir bag may be subjected to localized heat sealing, ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or other suitable sealing methods to create an intake chamber immediately adjacent to the top seal of the reservoir. Additional patterned seals extend upstream and downstream to define the outlet chamber as well as the intermediate foaming chamber. By forming these chambers directly within the reservoir film material, the device benefits from highly consistent internal geometries, reduced tolerance stack-up, and a simplified manufacturing workflow compatible with roll-to-roll processing. At least one airentrainment opening may optionally be formed in the region of the foaming chamber. Such openings enable atmospheric air to enter the fluid conduit of the integrated foaming device portion when the user applies suction. The interaction of the entrained air with the liquid emerging from the reservoir enhances the mixing, agitation, and shear required for foam formation. Depending on the desired foam characteristics, the number, size, and placement of these openings may be selected to modulate aeration dynamics, improve microbubble uniformity, or adjust foam density. In this manner, integration of the reservoir with the foaming device provides a compact, unitary structure that reliably generates foam under human-powered operation while minimizing component count and manufacturing complexity.

[0011] In one aspect, a method for manufacturing an apparatus for forming an oral foam is provided. The method includes simultaneously or sequentially producing a plurality of fluid-holding bags from a sheet of flexible material. The flexible material may comprise any suitable polymeric, paper-based, or composite substrate, such as LDPE, HDPE, paper laminates, or biopolymer fdms, selected for its weldability, flexibility, barrier properties, and compatibility with the intended liquid formulation. To initiate formation of the reservoir structure, the sheet is folded longitudinally to create two raised peaks separated by a central trough, resulting in an M-shaped cross-section. This configuration automatically establishes a weak membrane at the bottom of the central trough, which later functions as the rupturable top seal of the reservoir. The M-fold technique ensures consistent membrane thickness, simplifies downstream processing, and eliminates the need for separate scoring or thinning steps. After folding, the sheet is heat-sealed vertically, or fused by any appropriate method, including ultrasonic welding, radiofrequency sealing, or adhesive bonding, at predetermined intervals to create the side{00258854} 9seals of the reservoir. These vertical seals define the lateral boundaries of each fluidholding bag. A continuous band of multiple reservoir bodies may be formed in this manner from a single roll of flexible film, enabling high-throughput, roll-to-roll fabrication. Each reservoir body is then filled with a predetermined quantity of liquid formulation while the top opening remains unsealed. Once filled, the upper region above the liquid is closed, preferably by heat sealing, although other sealing techniques may be employed depending on material choice. This top closure forms the closing seal of the reservoir. At this stage, at least a portion of the weak membrane, formed naturally by the M-fold, is configured to be mechanically or pressure-sensitive, allowing it to rupture reliably during use. The method further includes joining the reservoir portion to a foaming device portion. This may be achieved by heat sealing, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive application, or other suitable attachment means applied to the region above the weak membrane. Through this step, the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber of the foaming device are positioned and secured relative to the reservoir. Where desirable, one or more air-entrainment openings may be formed in the foaming chamber region to admit air into the fluid conduit when suction is applied by the user, thereby enhancing foam formation. Once sealed and structurally integrated, the individual fluid-holding bags are separated from the continuous band of bags, for example, by cutting or perforation-based detachment, and each separated bag is then inserted into a tubular housing. In certain embodiments, a separate tubular housing may be omitted, and the reservoir-foaming assembly may function as a stand-alone unit, optionally with minimal structural support or a reduced housing framework. The housing and internal components may be rigid, semi-rigid, or fully flexible, depending on material selection and intended use. An inlet fdter is positioned or affixed at the first end of the housing to allow controlled airflow into the internal cavity while preventing contamination. Similarly, an outlet filter is positioned or affixed at the second end of the housing to allow foam to exit the device toward the user’s mouth. Collectively, these steps yield a fully assembled, suction-activated foam-generation apparatus suitable for oral delivery of the liquid formulation.

[0012] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a human-suction-powered foam generation device designed to deliver improved oral foam production relative to existing technologies, while operating entirely without external energy sources such as chemical{00258854} 10propellants, reactive effervescent agents, or electrically driven pumps. By relying exclusively on negative pressure generated by the user, the device eliminates the complexity, bulk, cost, and regulatory considerations associated with powered or chemically reactive systems, and instead provides a simple, intuitive mechanism that can be activated on demand. A suction-powered foaming device also enables the user to exercise precise control over the amount of foam consumed during each use. Because foam generation is directly proportional to the magnitude and duration of the applied suction, the user can take small, moderate, or large quantities of foam in a single session without being restricted to pre-metered or fixed-volume doses. This real-time adjustability is particularly beneficial for formulations that require individualized titration or careful user-controlled intake. During operation, the device generates foam from a liquid source by subjecting the liquid to aeration as it is drawn through a strategically engineered internal flow path. When the user inhales through the outlet end, similar to the action of drinking through a straw, the resulting negative pressure draws liquid from the reservoir into the foaming chamber. Simultaneously, the same suction event draws ambient air into the device through one or more dedicated air-entrainment openings. Within the foaming chamber, the converging liquid and air streams undergo mixing, shearing, and dispersion as dictated by the chamber geometry, resulting in the formation of a stable foam. Once formed, the aerated mixture travels through the outlet chamber and exits the device through the mouthpiece or outlet filter, where it is delivered directly into the user’s oral cavity. In this way, the device provides a controlled and energy-independent method for producing oral foam suitable for delivering active or inactive ingredients via buccal absorption.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Throughout the drawings, reference numbers may be re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements. The drawings are provided to illustrate example embodiments described herein and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale, and some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility.{00258854} 11

[0014] FIG. 1A is a side view of an example of an embodiment of an apparatus for forming oral foam.

[0015] FIG. IB is a side view of the apparatus for forming oral foam of FIG. 1A showing a cross-section of a foaming device.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a foaming device used in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1A.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 A showing an open top side of a fluid bag over a portion of a foaming device.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a side view of an example of another embodiment of an apparatus for forming oral foam wherein a foaming device is integrated with a fluid bag.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a photograph showing two fluid bags after being fdled with fluid and sealed before being separated in the manufacturing process.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a photo of an assembly of a foaming device and a fluid bag sealed over a portion of the foaming device.

[0021] FIG. 7 is a photograph showing an example of an embodiment of an apparatus for forming oral foam.

[0022] FIG. 8A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a fluid reservoir bag material pre-folded with an M-shaped cross-section in an apparatus manufacturing process.

[0023] FIG. 8B is a photograph showing the fluid reservoir bag pre-fold with an M-shaped crosssection shown in FIG. 8A.

[0024] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing of an embodiment of an apparatus for forming oral foam.

[0025] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a foaming chamber and outlet chamber of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 12 is a block diagram view of a method for manufacturing an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a mouthpiece of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure.{00258854} 12

[0029] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a mouthpiece of an apparatus for oral foam production according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a mouthpiece of an apparatus for oral foam production according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of mouthpieces of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a housing of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure, showing one embodiment of airflow channels.

[0033] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a housing of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure, showing an alternative embodiment of airflow channels.

[0034] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a housing of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure, showing an alternative embodiment of airflow channels.

[0035] FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are perspective views a housing of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure, showing an alternative embodiment of airflow channels.

[0036] FIG. 22 is a photograph showing a heat-sealed bag formed by the manufacturing process as shown in FIG. 9.

[0037] FIG. 23 is a photograph showing an intermediate belt following filling and heat sealing during the manufacturing process of FIG. 9.

[0038] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an apparatus for oral foam production according to one aspect of the present disclosure, showing an alternative foaming chamber.

[0039] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a foaming chamber and outlet chamber of the apparatus for oral foam production of FIG. 24.

[0040] FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view of the foaming chamber and outlet chamber of FIG. 25.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Various aspects of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The teachings disclosure can, {00258854} 13however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the novel systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the invention. For example, an apparatus can be implemented, or a method can be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the invention is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the invention set forth herein. Any aspect disclosed herein can be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0042] Although aspects are described herein, many variations and permutations of these aspects fall within the scope of the disclosure. Although some benefits and advantages of the preferred aspects are mentioned, the scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to benefits, uses, or objectives. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the disclosure rather than limiting. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all features described in this disclosure may be combined in any technically feasible manner. Embodiments using Venturi -based aeration, porous matrices, turbulence-induced aeration, adjustable airflow controls, or reservoir manufacturing techniques may be implemented individually or together, unless a combination is technically impossible. Geometries such as conical, cylindrical, rectangular, pyramidal, elliptical, or polygonal structures are illustrative and not limiting. Geometric variants may be scaled, rotated, mirrored, or proportionally modified without altering intended function. Components may be fabricated from polymers, elastomers, foams, metals, ceramics, laminates, biopolymers, silicone, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, or combinations thereof. Aeration structures may include apertures, channels, slits, perforated plates, microscreens, woven or nonwoven meshes, porous foams, or combinations thereof. Numerical ranges include all sub ranges and values encompassed therein and are illustrative rather than limiting. Suitable viscosity ranges include approximately 0.5 to 500 centipoise with performance possible from 0.3 to 2000{00258854} 14centipoise. Human suction pressures typically range from negative 2 to negative 20 kilopascals. Manufacturing tolerances may vary by plus or minus 5 percent, 10 percent, or 20 percent.

[0043] FIGs. 1A and IB illustrate an example of an apparatus 100 for forming oral foam, with FIG. IB depicting a cross-sectional side view to show the internal arrangement of components. As shown, the apparatus 100 comprises a tubular housing 102 that includes a first end 101 and a second end 103. The housing 102 may be configured as a cylindrical tube; however, other cross-sectional profiles may be implemented so long as they provide a longitudinal conduit suitable for holding the reservoir and foaming components. Housings may vary in airflow channel patterns, ergonomics, texture, transparency, or material composition. The housing wall 105 is composed of a resilient, deformable material that permits inward compression when force is applied, such as by squeezing between the fingers, yet is capable of elastically returning to its original shape upon release of the applied force. Suitable materials for forming the housing include low- density polyethylene (LDPE), other synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers, or any material that provides adequate flexibility, structural integrity, and manufacturability. The wall 105 of the housing 102 defines an inner cavity 107 that houses both a fluid reservoir bag 104 and a foaming device 109. The foaming device may utilize a Venturitype aeration mechanism and includes three principal internal chambers: (1) an inclined intake chamber 108, (2) an inclined outlet chamber 110, and (3) a constricted foaming chamber 112, which contains a throat positioned between the intake chamber 108 and the outlet chamber 110 (see FIG. IB). The constricted geometry of the foaming chamber, when subjected to negative pressure generated by user inhalation, enables the entrainment of air and promotes the formation of foam. For example, the reservoir bag 104 may also be constructed of LDPE or any other suitable polymeric or biopolymer film that is capable of maintaining liquid containment while remaining sufficiently flexible to deform under external pressure. At least one air flow opening 114 may be formed adjacent to or within or in proximity to the foaming chamber 112, enabling ambient air to be drawn into the foaming device during inhalation. This mixing of incoming liquid with air drawn through the opening(s) 114 is critical for creating fine, stable foam. The foaming device 109 itself may be molded from LDPE or other synthetic or biopolymer or polymeric or other suitable material. An inlet filter 116 may be positioned at or in or{00258854} 15adjacent to the first end 101 of the housing. The inlet filter provides a permeable barrier that prevents contaminants from entering while still allowing air to flow freely into the inner cavity during suction. F or example, the inlet filter 116 can be made of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) or any other suitable synthetic or biopolymer or any other suitable material. Similarly, an outlet filter 118 may be positioned at or in or adjacent to the second end 103 of the housing, through which the produced foam may exit the device and enter the user’s mouth. The outlet filter 118 may also function as a mouthpiece or may be fitted with a separate, detachable mouthpiece component for improved ergonomics or user preference. For example, the outlet filter 118 can be made of a low- density polyethylene (LDPE) or any other suitable synthetic or biopolymer or any other suitable material. Both the inlet filter 116 and the outlet filter 118 are porous or breathable, such that air can flow through the inlet filter through the inner cavity 107, and through the foaming section before flowing out through the outlet filter 118 during inhalation by the user. Alternatively, a separate mouthpiece can be added over the outlet filter 118. In some embodiments, the housing 102 may include one or more outer wrappings (not shown) positioned around the inlet filter and / or the outlet filter and / or portions of the tubular housing. These outer wrappings may include labels, hygienic coverings, or coatings such as cigarette tipping paper or similar materials optimized for placement in a user’s mouth. In certain versions, the outer wrapping may fully envelop the entire housing 102, providing aesthetic enhancement, additional grip, branding surfaces, or moisture-resistant protection.

[0044] The fluid reservoir bag 104 may be constructed as a flexible, collapsible container having a bag body 200 defined by a hermetically sealed bottom 202, two laterally opposed side seals 204, and an open top portion 206. These seals form a liquid-tight enclosure capable of retaining the formulation during storage, transportation, and use. A weak membrane 208, also referred to as the top seal, is formed at a predetermined distance from the open top portion to define the boundaries of the fluid reservoir portion 104a. This weak membrane divides the bag into two distinct regions: the lower reservoir portion that contains the liquid formulation, and the upper open portion 206 that interfaces with the intake chamber of the foaming device. At least a portion of the weak membrane 208 is intentionally engineered to be rupturable under pressure, allowing the device to transition from its sealed, storage-ready state into an activated configuration when the user applies{00258854} 16mechanical force. The weak membrane may be produced using a variety of known techniques, including controlled heat sealing, micro-thinning of the film material, laser scoring, patterned sealing geometries, selective material weakening, or mechanical or chemical treatments that locally reduce tensile strength. In certain embodiments, the reservoir may not require a rupturable membrane and may instead utilize valve- controlled fluid release. In some embodiments, the membrane is formed automatically through the M-folding process or similar folding geometry that results in a naturally thinner or stress-concentrated region at the trough of the fold. When the user compresses the wall 105 of housing 102, the applied force increases internal hydrostatic pressure within the reservoir 104. Once the pressure exceeds the rupture threshold of the weak membrane 208, the membrane fractures in a controlled manner, allowing the liquid stored within the reservoir portion to exit into the intake chamber 108. As suction is simultaneously or subsequently applied by the user, air enters the device via one or more air flow opening(s) 114, mixing with the released liquid and initiating foam formation within the foaming and outlet chambers 112, 110. In one embodiment, the entire top seal 208 may be designed as a weak seal to ensure broad rupture under activation. In another embodiment, only a portion, such as a central weakened area 208a, is engineered to rupture, allowing for more predictable flow initiation while maintaining structural integrity of the surrounding portions of the membrane. The liquid formulation stored within the reservoir may be in a fully liquid state prior to aeration. The reservoir bag may be fabricated from LDPE or other polymeric or biopolymer or any other suitable materials exhibiting appropriate flexibility, heat-seal compatibility, puncture resistance, and chemical compatibility with the intended formulation. When positioned inside the inner cavity of tubular housing 102, the orientation of the reservoir places the bottom seal 202 toward the first housing end 101 and positions the weak membrane 208 toward the second housing end 103 to ensure proper alignment with the intake chamber and foaming mechanism. In some embodiments, the weak membrane is configured to rupture at a negative-pressure threshold between approximately 2 kPa and 30 kPa, enabling predictable user activation. The tuning of rupture pressure ensures that the user can reliably initiate foam formation without accidental leakage, premature rupture during storage, or the need for elevated suction forces.{00258854} 17

[0045] FIG. 2 provides a more detailed illustration of the foaming device 109, highlighting the structural arrangement and functional relationship of its components. As shown, the foaming device includes an intake chamber 108 constructed as a conically shaped body 218. This conical geometry features an angled wall 220 that slopes inward toward a first end opening 212, which serves as the entrance to the constricted foaming chamber 112. The narrowing of the intake chamber encourages progressive acceleration of the liquid as it enters the throat region of the foaming chamber, thereby facilitating controlled transition from the reservoir to the aeration region. The intake chamber 108 further includes an access gate 222 formed within the angled wall 220. The access gate extends longitudinally from a lower base 223 of the conical body to the upper peak 224, thereby creating an elongated aperture or opening that allows liquid from the reservoir to enter the chamber while also enabling ambient air to mix with the incoming liquid under suction. This elongated design helps to modulate flow distribution, reduce the likelihood of clogging, and ensure that liquid enters the foaming chamber in a predictable manner. Downstream of the foaming chamber 112 is the outlet chamber 110, which in the illustrated embodiment adopts an inverted conical shape 230. The outlet chamber has an angled wall 232 extending from the upper peak 234, located adjacent to the second end opening 214 of the foaming chamber, tapering outward toward the base 233 of the chamber. This inverted conical configuration provides a controlled expansion zone for the foam after air-liquid mixing has occurred within the foaming chamber. By allowing the foam to expand in a widening channel, the outlet chamber helps stabilize bubble formation and guide the aerated mixture toward the outlet end of the device with reduced backpressure. The foaming device 109 may be fabricated as a single molded piece, for example from plastic materials such as LDPE, PP, or other suitable polymeric or biopolymer compositions that permit precise geometric definition and smooth internal surfaces. Such materials facilitate cost-effective, high-volume manufacturing while ensuring compatibility with the contained liquid formulation. In some embodiments, the access gate 222 or other openings may be introduced post-molding using machining, cutting, laser scoring, or similar subtractive methods to achieve highly accurate aperture dimensions. In other embodiments, the foaming device 109 may be produced through additive manufacturing, such as 3D printing, which allows complex internal geometries, customized airflow pathways, or unusual cross-sections to be fabricated in a single{00258854} 18production step. Additionally, the foaming device may be manufactured using machining, stamping, or other suitable fabrication techniques that provide the required structural integrity, fluidic precision, and reproducibility. Venturi -based and porous- matrix foaming systems are known in industrial or aerosol applications; however, they are typically driven by externally supplied high-pressure gas streams or mechanical pumping. The present device is uniquely adapted to produce a venturi or turbulencegenerated foam under the extremely low pressures characteristic of human inhalation. This may require specific internal geometries, air-entrainment pathways, and weak- membrane liquid delivery structures not taught in conventional foam generators. These manufacturing options offer flexibility in material choice, production scale, and geometric refinement depending on the application and performance requirements of the apparatus.

[0046] At least a portion of the foaming device 109 is inserted into the open top portion 206 of the fluid reservoir bag 104, with the open top portion being secured, at least partially, to an exterior surface of the foaming device to create a stable, leak-resistant interface between the reservoir and the intake chamber (see FIGs. 5 and 6). The degree of insertion and sealing may vary depending on the thickness, flexibility, and sealing properties of the reservoir film, but in all cases the attachment ensures that fluid exiting the ruptured reservoir flows into the intake chamber without bypass or unintended leakage into the housing cavity. In one embodiment, illustrated in FIGs. 1A and IB, the open top portion 206 of the fluid reservoir bag 104 is tightly sealed over the intake chamber 108, such that the reservoir film covers a substantial portion of the access gate 222. This sealing may be accomplished through heat sealing, ultrasonic sealing, adhesive bonding, or other compatible attachment methods. The sealing region may extend up to a point near the top peak 224 of the conical body 218, leaving the uppermost region uncovered. This configuration ensures that the uncovered portion of access gate 222 forms or contributes to the airflow opening 114 that allows air to be drawn into the foaming device when suction is applied (see FIG. 3). In this manner, the reservoir film itself forms part of the structural boundary of the intake chamber and helps regulate the relative size and position of the air-entrainment path. In some embodiments, air may additionally or alternatively enter the foaming region through auxiliary inlets, bypass channels, or indirect flow paths, permitting controlled reverse or secondary airflow where desired. In certain{00258854} 19embodiments, an insert shaped to conform to the geometry of the outlet chamber 110 may be positioned within the outlet chamber. This insert helps maintain structural rigidity of the outlet chamber during inhalation by preventing collapse of thin-walled regions when negative pressure is generated by the user. The insert may be formed from the same polymer as the foaming device or from any other material suitable for ensuring dimensional stability without obstructing foam flow. During use, once the weak portion of the top seal 208 ruptures, whether due to squeezing of the housing wall 105 or suction- induced pressure differentials, the liquid formulation stored within the reservoir flows into the intake chamber 108. Concurrently, air is drawn through the at least one opening 114 into the foaming device 109. The converging streams of liquid and air meet within the foaming chamber 112, where the geometry of the foaming device produces shear, mixing, and controlled pressure changes that aerate the liquid and induce foam formation. The resulting foam passes into the outlet chamber 110 and continues toward the outlet fdter for delivery to the user’s oral cavity.

[0047] The air drawn into the device flows through the one or more openings 114 positioned in communication with the foaming chamber 112, thereby enabling direct aeration of the liquid passing through the foaming chamber 112. In certain embodiments, the foaming chamber may comprise multiple airflow openings arranged in radial, helical, offset, clustered, or longitudinal patterns. These airflow pathways allow controlled air entrainment even under modest suction pressures and may be tailored to optimize bubble size, foam density, and overall foam stability. As suction is applied by the user, the induced pressure differential causes air to be entrained through these one or more openings 114, ensuring that the incoming liquid stream encounters sufficient turbulence and interfacial shear to promote bubble formation. The foaming chamber 112 is therefore engineered to not only facilitate entry of the liquid formulation from the intake chamber 108, but also to optimize mixing between the liquid and air as they converge under controlled flow conditions. Downstream of the foaming chamber, the outlet chamber 110 is specifically adapted to stabilize and shape the foam that has been formed through a combination of the Venturi effect, produced by the constricted geometry of the foaming chamber, and active aeration created by air entering through the one or more openings 114. The outlet chamber provides a region of expanding cross-section, allowing the airliquid mixture to decelerate, broaden, and transform into a foam before reaching the{00258854} 20mouthpiece or outlet filter. This staged transition from high-velocity, shear-intense regions to wider, lower-pressure zones is fundamental to producing a consistent, well- structured foam suitable for delivery into the oral cavity. In one exemplary embodiment, the foaming chamber 112 may include more than one opening 114, such as between two and ten openings, to achieve enhanced aeration and improve foam uniformity. The number and distribution of these openings may be selected based on the viscosity of the liquid, target bubble size, desired foam density, and specific fluid-dynamic characteristics of the formulation. In some embodiments, the openings 114 may be evenly spaced in a radial pattern, creating symmetric airflow paths around the foaming chamber to ensure balanced mixing regardless of device orientation during use. In other embodiments, the openings 114 may be arranged in non-uniform or geometrically optimized patterns, such as staggered, clustered, spiraled, or axially offset configurations. These arrangements can influence the manner in which air enters the foaming chamber, altering angles of incidence, turbulence intensity, and shear distribution, to achieve particular foam textures or to accommodate formulations with different rheological properties. In certain versions, the openings 114 may be positioned specifically to promote cross flow aeration or to amplify micro-vortices within the foaming throat region. In still other embodiments, the openings 114 may be omitted entirely, such that aeration relies solely on geometric acceleration and pressure differentials within the Venturi throat or on subsequent mixing downstream. Eliminating the openings may be desirable in applications requiring reduced airflow, simplified manufacturing, or compatibility with formulations that already contain dissolved gases or that aerate sufficiently under pure Venturi -induced shear conditions.

[0048] In another embodiment, such as the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the foaming chamber 112, the intake chamber 108, and / or the outlet chamber 110 may each be formed with generally circular cross-sections. Circular geometries provide predictable fluid dynamics, simplified manufacturability, and improved consistency in aeration behavior. The relative radii of these chambers may be selected to control velocity changes and pressure gradients within the device. Specifically, the radius of the foaming chamber 112 may be between 1 :2 and 1 :20 relative to the radii of the intake chamber 108 and / or outlet chamber 110, more preferably between 1 :5 and 1: 15, and in one illustrative example approximately 1: 10. These ratios determine the degree of constriction at the foaming{00258854} 21throat and therefore influence the magnitude of the Venturi effect, shear forces applied to the fluid, and the efficiency of bubble formation during operation. In some embodiments, one or more of the opening(s) 114, the outlet filter 118, and / or the outlet chamber 110 may incorporate an anti -leaking mechanism configured to prevent unintended fluid escape under certain non-suction conditions. Examples of such mechanisms include: a porous sponge or absorbent pad positioned to intercept residual droplets; a one-way flow valve that opens only under negative pressure; a flexible flap or membrane that collapses to block forward flow when suction is absent; a flow restrictor that limits uncontrolled discharge; or a specialized geometry that biases flow directionally toward the user and prevents backflow or premature release when the weak seal 208 ruptures as a result of squeezing the housing 102. These anti -leak structures are particularly useful in ensuring that the device remains clean, safe, and user-friendly even if the reservoir releases liquid before airflow has been established. In another embodiment, the foaming device 109 may be spaced apart from the outlet fdter 118, creating a void or intermediate cavity within the housing 102. This void allows the foam emerging from the outlet chamber 110 to expand, equilibrate, or stabilize before passing through the outlet fdter 118. Such spacing may also help prevent mechanical interference between the foaming device 109 and the outlet fdter 118, accommodate alignment tolerances during assembly, or enable the addition of optional components such as inserts or stabilizing elements. Across all embodiments, the geometry, dimensions, and number of openings 114, as well as the relative proportions of the chambers within the foaming device 109, may be specifically selected and optimized based on the rheological properties of the target liquid, such as viscosity, density, and surface tension. Selecting appropriate chamber geometries ensures consistent and efficient aeration across a wide range of formulations. In some embodiments, the foaming device 109 may operate without relying on the Venturi effect, instead generating foam through direct air-liquid mixing facilitated by porous structures, turbulence generated by abrupt changes in conduit geometry, or other low-energy aeration methods that do not require a constricted throat.

[0049] This controlled rupture event opens a fluid pathway from the reservoir 104 into the intake chamber 108 of the foaming device 109. After the reservoir bag 104 has been ruptured at the top seal 208, the user activates the device by inhaling through the outlet end, either{00258854} 22through the outlet filter 118 or through an attached mouthpiece depending on the embodiment. This inhalation creates a region of negative pressure within the apparatus 100, effectively pulling liquid from the fluid reservoir 104 into the intake chamber 108. Once fluid enters the intake chamber 108, it is drawn toward the foaming chamber 112 under the influence of the pressure differential created by the user’s suction. Simultaneously, some amount of air may also be drawn into the interior of the device through an at least one air-opening located in fluid communication with the foaming chamber 112 and, in some configurations, the outlet chamber 110. These openings admit air into the flow path, enabling the formation of a two-phase mixture of air and liquid. As the liquid accelerates through the progressively narrowing geometry of the intake chamber 108 and enters the throat region of the foaming chamber 112, the velocity of the liquid increases while the static pressure correspondingly decreases. This pressure drop promotes vigorous air entrainment through the one or more air opening(s) 114, generating the fundamental shear and turbulence necessary for foam creation. As the airliquid mixture transitions into the outlet chamber 110, the radius of the conduit increases relative to the foaming chamber. The expanding geometry causes the mixture’s velocity to decrease and its static pressure to increase, consistent with Bernoulli’s principle. This combination of high-velocity shear in the throat and lower-velocity expansion in the outlet region induces the Venturi effect, which stabilizes the bubbles formed during mixing and transforms the aerated mixture into a cohesive foam. The foam then moves through the outlet chamber and passes through the outlet filter 118, where it is delivered directly into the user’s oral cavity. The liquid formulation held within the reservoir can comprise one or more active ingredients suitable for human consumption, either individually or in combination. Examples of active materials include nicotine, nicotine salts, nicotine analogues, nicotine-analogue salts, cannabinoids, caffeine, theacrine, or other psychoactive compounds used for therapeutic or recreational purposes. Other active ingredients may include sugars, acids, nutraceutical ingredients, vitamins, supplements, or pharmaceutical compounds tailored for buccal administration. The liquid formulation may further contain one or more solvents, foaming agents, humectants, stabilizers, preservatives, buffering agents, flavorings, colorants, and / or temperature-modifying additives. Any combination of these components, or other{00258854} 23ingredients known to those skilled in the art, may be incorporated to achieve the desired sensory, stability, dosing, or functional characteristics of the resulting foam.

[0050] In one embodiment, the foaming device 109 may be inserted directly into the open end 206 of the fluid reservoir bag 104, such that the intake chamber of the foaming device is securely positioned within the upper portion of the reservoir fdm. Once the foaming device and reservoir are joined, the resulting subassembly can be placed into the inner cavity 107 of the tubular housing 102. This modular assembly process allows the reservoir-foamer combination to be prepared as a discrete unit before integration into the final housing, improving manufacturing efficiency and ensuring consistent alignment between components. By way of example, FIG. 6 illustrates an assembly 500 in which the fluid reservoir 104 and foaming device 109 have already been joined, forming a single integrated component. This assembly may then be inserted into the tubular housing 102 from either the first end 101 or the second end 103. In some cases, insertion may require temporary removal of either the inlet filter 116 or the outlet filter 118, depending on which end of the housing is selected for loading. Once the reservoir-foamer assembly is positioned within the housing, the filter can be installed or reinstalled to restore the device to its operational configuration. In certain embodiments, the fluid reservoir 104 is designed not to be refilled, replaced, or removed after assembly, thereby rendering the apparatus 100 a single-use or disposable device. This approach ensures that each unit contains a fixed, predetermined volume of liquid formulation, thereby promoting dosing consistency and preventing unintended reuse or contamination. A disposable configuration also allows the device to be manufactured using simplified sealing techniques and lightweight materials, which may be beneficial for cost efficiency, hygiene, and regulatory compliance, depending on the intended application and the nature of the active ingredients contained within the reservoir.

[0051] In accordance with another disclosed aspect, a method of manufacturing an apparatus for forming oral foam is provided. In this method, the fluid reservoir 104 is fabricated by supplying a sheet of LDPE, although any other suitable material, including flexible polymeric or composite films may be used, and folding the sheet to create a reservoir precursor. The folding operation produces a structure having two raised peaks separated by a central trough, resulting in a longitudinal M-shaped cross-section. This M-shaped configuration is advantageous because it naturally forms a weak membrane 208 at the{00258854} 24bottom of the trough, which later serves as the rupturable top seal of the reservoir. Once folded, the sheet is heat sealed at the bottom to create a hermetic base, and then vertically heat sealed at predetermined intervals to form the side seals that define the lateral boundaries of each individual reservoir. This arrangement enables multiple reservoir bags to be produced simultaneously or sequentially from a continuous sheet or roll of LDPE film using high-throughput manufacturing equipment. As illustrated in FIGs. 8A and 8B, the folding operation precisely establishes the geometry of the weak membrane 208, which may subsequently be enhanced or tuned by selective thinning, scoring, or perforation. Vertical heat seals applied along the folded structure create the side seams, thereby defining the fluid-holding cavity of reservoir 104. Following creation of these seals, each reservoir body is filled with a predetermined amount of liquid formulation. The filling process may be performed through an automated nozzle system capable of delivering accurate and repeatable volumes. After filling, the closing seal 202, also referred to as the bottom seal in the assembled device orientation, is applied by heat sealing the two open ends 806 of the folded film. The sealing parameters may be selected to ensure that the bottom seal exhibits greater mechanical strength than the weak membrane 208, thereby guaranteeing predictable rupture behavior during activation. At least a portion of the weak membrane 208 must remain deliberately weaker than both the bottom seal 202 and the vertical side seals 204. The weak area 208a may be formed by perforation, thinning, laser scoring, mechanical indentation, chemical treatment, or another controlled weakening process. This ensures that, upon user compression of the housing 102, the membrane ruptures predictably to release the liquid into the foaming device. The foaming device may be manufactured separately by molding, 3-D printing, machining, or any other suitable technique that provides the correct geometry of intake, foaming, and outlet chambers as previously described. Once formed, the foaming device is inserted through the open top 804 of each reservoir bag. After insertion, the reservoir fdm at the open top may be sealed around the foaming device, such as by heat sealing or adhesive bonding, just below the air opening 114. This creates a fluid channel having a robust fluidic connection between the reservoir and the foaming mechanism. In other embodiments, the fluidic connection between the reservoir and the foaming mechanism may be interruptible, such as by a valve or switch, capable of connecting or severing the fluid connection of the fluid channel. Multiple reservoir-foamer assemblies may be{00258854} 25produced in parallel and subsequently separated from the continuous fdm strip. Each assembled reservoir-and-foamer unit is then positioned within the tubular housing 102, which supports and protects the internal components. Finally, an inlet fdter may be inserted or affixed at the first end of the housing and an outlet filter may be inserted or affixed at the second end, thereby completing the assembly of apparatus 100. FIG. 7 illustrates an example of such a fully assembled device. In certain embodiments, the inlet filter 116 and / or outlet filter 118 may be mounted adjacent to the housing rather than directly inside it, and may be fixed or removably attached using one or more outer wrappings (not shown), such as labels, tipping paper, or other coverings selected for improved ergonomics, hygiene, or aesthetic appearance.

[0052] The foaming device 109 may be manufactured using a variety of established fabrication techniques, including injection molding, 3D printing, machining, or any other suitable process capable of producing the required internal geometries. Regardless of the manufacturing method selected, the foaming device is configured to include an intake chamber, a foaming chamber, and an outlet chamber, each of which defines a portion of a continuous fluid conduit extending through the device. The fluid conduit is intentionally designed to be narrower or more constricted at the foaming chamber compared to the adjacent intake and outlet chamber sections. This reduction in cross- sectional area increases fluid velocity and decreases static pressure within the foaming chamber during operation, thereby enhancing air entrainment and supporting the formation of a stable foam. In some embodiments, one or more structural features, such as the access gate or the air-entrainment opening(s), may be created after the primary foaming device body has been formed. For instance, when the device is produced via injection molding, these openings may be introduced using post-molding machining, drilling, laser cutting, punching, or other subtractive processes that create precise apertures without compromising the integrity of the surrounding material. Such postprocessing steps may be particularly advantageous when very small or highly accurate openings are required to achieve specific airflow or aeration characteristics. In other embodiments, the access gate and air-opening(s) may be formed during the manufacturing process itself, such that these features are integral to the foaming device. For example, in 3D-printed embodiments, the openings may be generated layer-by-layer as part of the additive manufacturing sequence, allowing for complex internal geometries{00258854} 26or non-standard shapes that would otherwise be difficult to achieve through secondary machining. Similarly, in injection-molded embodiments, the mold tooling may include slides, pins, or core-pull features that create these openings directly as part of the molding cycle. Integrating the access gate and air openings into the primary manufacturing step may reduce part handling, improve dimensional consistency, and simplify assembly by minimizing the number of discrete fabrication operations required.

[0053] FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of an apparatus 1000 for forming oral foam, in which a foaming device portion 1109 is integrally formed with the fluid reservoir portion 1104, rather than being manufactured as a separate component that is subsequently attached. In this embodiment, the apparatus 1000 includes a fluid holding bag 1206 constructed of a flexible body having a sealed bottom, two sealed sidewalls, and a top seal 1208. The fluid reservoir portion 1104 is pre-filled with a liquid formulation suitable for oral foam generation. At least a portion of the top seal 1208 is intentionally configured as a weak seal, engineered to rupture under controlled pressure conditions when the device is activated by the user. Above this top seal 1208, the foaming device portion 1109 is created directly within the flexible film of the fluid holding bag 1206 through the application of a patterned sealing process. Through selective pattern sealing, three discrete internal chambers are defined: an intake chamber 1108, a foaming chamber 1112, and an outlet chamber 1110. These chambers collectively form a fluid conduit through which the liquid progresses after the weak membrane ruptures. The use of pattern sealing allows these chambers to be precisely dimensioned and reproducibly manufactured without requiring separate molded parts. Various sealing techniques may be employed to form the pattern seal, depending on material compatibility and manufacturing requirements. Examples include pattern heat sealing, adhesive sealing, ultrasonic sealing, or induction sealing, each of which can be applied to define the boundaries of the chambers with high positional accuracy. Alternatively, a pattern may be created by applying a patterned adhesive sheet, a screen-printed adhesive layer, or a foil pattern to the inner surface of the fluid holding bag above the top seal 1208, thereby producing the required structural geometry of the foaming device portion. The intake chamber 1108 is positioned immediately adjacent to the top seal 1208 to ensure direct transfer of fluid from the reservoir once the weak seal ruptures. A fluid conduit is formed throughout the foaming device portion 1109 such that the diameter of the conduit in the{00258854} 27foaming chamber 1112 is smaller than the corresponding diameters in both the intake chamber 1108 and outlet chamber 1110. This constriction promotes increased fluid velocity and reduced static pressure within the foaming chamber, enhancing the entrainment of air and facilitating foam formation. In some alternative embodiments, a conical insert may be placed within the outlet chamber 1110 to prevent collapse of the chamber walls during inhalation, particularly when thin-fdm materials are used. At least one air-opening 1114 may be formed in the foaming chamber 1112 to enable air to enter the conduit when suction is applied, thereby promoting aeration and foam development. Once the fluid holding bag 1206, with its integrated fluid reservoir 1104 and foaming device portion 1109, is fully assembled, it may be inserted into a tubular housing 1102, which provides mechanical protection, user grip, and overall device structure. As with earlier embodiments such as apparatus 100, intake and outlet filters or mouthpieces or other structures may be added at the ends of the housing 1102 to control airflow, maintain hygiene, and prevent particulate ingress or egress. These filters or mouthpieces or other structures may be fixed or removable depending on the desired product configuration and intended use environment.

[0054] FIG. 9 presents a flowchart illustrating a representative method for manufacturing the apparatus 1000. As shown, the method begins with simultaneously forming a plurality of fluid-holding bags 1206 from a sheet of flexible polymer material. The sheet is folded longitudinally into an M-shaped profile, thereby creating two raised peaks separated by a central trough. This geometry naturally produces the weak membrane 902 at the base of the trough, which later functions as the intended rupture point for controlled release of the liquid formulation. After folding, the sheet is vertically heat-sealed at predetermined intervals to form the sealed vertical sides that define each bag, resulting in a plurality of bags 906 positioned adjacent to one another along the continuous sheet. Automated heat-sealing equipment may be used to ensure uniformity and high-volume production. Next, the body of each bag is filled with a predetermined amount of liquid while the top of the bag remains open. The amount of fluid delivered into each bag 908 may depend on the intended dosage, reservoir capacity, and viscosity of the formulation. After filling, the open region above the liquid is heat-sealed, or sealed by any equivalent method, to create the closing seal 910 of the fluid reservoir. During this sealing step, at least a portion of the top seal is configured to be weak or rupture-prone, so that it may be{00258854} 28opened intentionally under user-applied pressure during device activation. This deliberate weakening may be achieved through reduced sealing pressure, patterned sealing, thinning of the material, or controlled scoring. The manufacturing process then proceeds to the creation of the foaming device portion directly on the bag material. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a pattern seal is applied to a region of the bag above the top seal in order to form the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber 912. Pattern sealing may involve localized heat-sealing tools, adhesive deposition, ultrasonic welding heads, or induction sealing applicators configured to create internal partitions that define the fluid conduit. After forming these chambers, at least one air-entrainment opening 914 may be created in the foaming chamber region. This opening allows air to enter the foaming conduit when the user applies suction, thereby supporting foam formation. Once these integrated reservoir-and-foamer structures are completed, the plurality of fluidholding bags are separated into individual units 916, such as by cutting along the vertical seal boundaries or tearing along pre-weakened perforation lines. Each individual bag assembly is then inserted into a tubular housing 918, where it is positioned to align the intake, foaming, and outlet chambers with the airflow path of the housing. Finally, the method includes attaching or inserting an inlet filter at the first end of the housing and an outlet filter at the second end 920. These filters permit controlled airflow, ensure hygiene, and complete the assembly of the apparatus 1000.

[0055] More generally, the present disclosure provides a human-powered apparatus configured for the production of orally administrable foam. As depicted in FIG. 10, the apparatus 2100 includes a fluid reservoir 2102, an intake chamber 2104, a foaming chamber 2106, and an outlet chamber 2108, each arranged in fluid communication within a surrounding housing 2110. The housing serves not only as a structural support for the internal components but also as the airflow conduit through which air is drawn during suctionbased operation. At the distal end of the housing, the device includes a mouthpiece 2112, which may be integral with the housing or formed as a separate attached component. The mouthpiece is configured to interface comfortably with the user’s lips and permit controlled inhalation of the generated foam. In certain embodiments, the housing 2110 may further include an access port 2114, which can provide a user or manufacturer with controlled access to an internal region of the device or which may provide an ingress point for air to enter the housing 2110. Such an access port may also be used for purposes{00258854} 29such as inserting or replacing a fluid reservoir, inspecting internal components, or enabling assembly operations during production. Depending on the embodiment, the access port may be sealed permanently after assembly or may remain selectively openable for multi-use or refillable configurations or to permit the entry of air into the housing. It should be noted that the elements shown in FIGs. 10, 11, 16, and 18-21 are not necessarily illustrated to scale. Certain features may be enlarged, simplified, or diagrammatically emphasized to better convey their functional relationship or structural arrangement. These variations in drawing proportions are intended solely to aid understanding of the device architecture and should not be interpreted as limiting the actual physical dimensions, tolerances, or geometric configurations of the chambers or components in an implemented apparatus.

[0056] The housing 2110 may include a variety of openings and airflow channels 2111 that serve to direct, meter, and regulate the flow of air through the apparatus 2100 during operation. These airflow features may be arranged in numerous geometric configurations depending on the desired aeration profile, the viscosity of the fluid being foamed, and the performance requirements of the intended application. In one embodiment, the housing incorporates multiple perforated channels arranged in a circular or spiral pattern, as shown in FIG. 17. Such arrangements promote symmetry in airflow distribution and ensure that air is delivered uniformly into the foaming chamber 2106, thereby improving foam consistency regardless of user orientation or suction strength. In other embodiments, the housing 2110 may incorporate adjustable airflow valves or slits 2113, enabling the user or manufacturer to finely tune the rate and direction of airflow entering the foaming region. As illustrated in FIGs. 20 and 21, one exemplary implementation of adjustable airflow slits employs a twistable collar 2115 equipped with one or more channels 2116. The collar may be rotated relative to the main body of the apparatus 2100 so as to selectively align or misalign the channels 2116 with the underlying airflow channels 2111. By adjusting the angular position of the collar, a user can increase or decrease the amount of air drawn into the foaming chamber, thereby controlling the density, smoothness, or aeration level of the resulting foam. Such user-adjustability allows the device to accommodate different formulations or user preferences without requiring internal modification. In alternative embodiments, the adjustable airflow feature may instead be implemented using a slidable collar, a sliding notch, a pivoting{00258854} 30aperture, or any other suitable adjustable airflow valve or switch that can restrict, expand, or redirect incoming airflow. Airflow control elements may be rotatable, slidable, repositionable, or otherwise reconfigurable. These mechanisms allow predictable and repeatable adjustment while maintaining the integrity and stability of the housing structure. In some embodiments, the airflow channels 2111 may be configured as simple radial openings passing through the wall of the housing 2110, as shown in FIG. 18. Radially oriented channels introduce air at an oblique or orthogonal angle relative to the direction of the fluid traveling through the foaming chamber, creating enhanced shear conditions that promote bubble formation. In other embodiments, the airflow channels may be oriented longitudinally along the length of the housing, as illustrated in FIG. 19. Longitudinal channels allow air to enter from the base or lower region of the device and reduce the likelihood that a user’s hand inadvertently blocks the airflow path during use. In yet other embodiments, the airflow channels may be tapered, narrowing progressively along their length to increase air velocity as suction is applied. This controlled acceleration of airflow can enhance mixing efficiency within the foaming chamber 2106, particularly when working with thicker or higher-viscosity liquids. The housing may further include air baffles, diffusers, or deflectors designed to break up, reorient, or redistribute incoming air streams, thereby improving overall foam uniformity. In certain versions, the housing 2110 or the foaming chamber 2106 may incorporate crossflow air channels, which admit air from multiple directions so that intersecting airflow paths generate additional turbulence and aeration within the foaming region. The housing 2110 may be formed from metal, plastic, polymer composites, or any other structurally suitable material capable of providing both the required rigidity and the fluid impermeability necessary for proper device operation. The material selection may depend on cost, manufacturability, environmental considerations, or the anticipated chemical compatibility with the fluid stored in the reservoir. Regardless of the material used, the airflow channel configurations disclosed herein provide reliable and controllable aeration functionality across a wide range of liquid formulations.

[0057] In some embodiments, the housing 2110 may include a transparent or semi-transparent region, such as a window or viewing panel, to allow the user to visually inspect the remaining volume of liquid in the fluid reservoir 2102. This feature can assist in determining whether sufficient liquid remains for additional foam production and helps{00258854} 31prevent attempted use of a depleted device. The reservoir 2102 itself may also be fabricated from a transparent or translucent material, further enhancing visibility and allowing the user to verify fill level, fluid clarity, or potential degradation of the formulation over time. Additionally, the housing 2110 may incorporate a switch or activation mechanism configured to prevent airflow or fluid flowthrough the device until a user intentionally activates it. Examples of such switches include a button, slider, pull tab, crush ball, or a suction-activated lock. These mechanisms can interrupt the airflow channels or block the fluid pathway between the reservoir and the mouthpiece until released or actuated. The presence of such a switch can serve multiple purposes, such as indicating whether the device is new or previously used, functioning as a tamper-evident feature, or providing a child-resistant mechanism to discourage unintended access. These activation features offer the user immediate feedback regarding the device’s status, whether it has been opened, partially consumed, or remains sealed from the time of manufacture. This feedback is particularly valuable for devices intended for therapeutic or controlled recreational use, where dosage accuracy and product integrity are essential. It also reassures users that the device remained fully sealed and uncontaminated during storage or transport. In addition to functional components, the housing 2110 may be ergonomically designed with a textured, ribbed, or contoured exterior to improve grip and user comfort during operation. Such features help ensure that users can maintain a secure hold on the device during suction, even if their hands are wet or the device exterior becomes moist from condensation. Ergonomic design elements may also promote consistent positioning of the mouthpiece 2112, helping users achieve reliable foam generation and optimal airflow dynamics during suction.

[0058] The mouthpiece 2112 or, in some embodiments, the corresponding portion of the housing 2110, may be formed from a soft, flexible, and compressible material, such as a pliable plastic, rubber, elastomer, or other polymeric composition suitable for oral contact. This flexible construction allows the apparatus 2100 to deform slightly under the user’s bite pressure or suction forces, thereby enhancing comfort during use and providing a more natural mouthfeel. The ability of the mouthpiece to flex or be gently chewed on can also improve stability during suction and accommodate variations in user biting or lip pressure without compromising airflow or foam delivery. The mouthpiece 2112 may be produced in a variety of external and internal geometries, each optimized for ergonomic{00258854} 32handling and controlled foam delivery. By adjusting the internal shape of the mouthpiece, the apparatus can influence the behavior of the foam as it transitions from the outlet chamber 2108 into the user’s mouth. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14, and 15, differing internal funnel profiles may be used to intentionally vary the density and compaction of the foam. As shown in FIG. 13, a low-density foam mouthpiece 2112 may incorporate a relatively wide internal funnel shape that permits the foam to expand freely as it exits the outlet chamber 2108. This minimal compaction preserves lighter, airier foam textures and provides a smoother, less concentrated delivery experience. In contrast, FIG. 14 depicts a medium-density foam mouthpiece, in which the internal taper is more moderate. This geometry partially compresses the foam, reducing the bubble size distribution and producing a more cohesive and moderately dense foam that may be preferred for certain formulations. As illustrated in FIG. 15, a high-density foam mouthpiece may incorporate a narrow funnel geometry that significantly compacts the foam as it travels through the outlet chamber 2108. This design results in a denser, more concentrated foam output with reduced air content, allowing the device to produce richer or more robust foam textures where desired. The mouthpiece 2112 may also be detachable, enabling easy replacement, cleaning, or customization by the user. This interchangeability may support multiple aesthetic or functional variants, such as differing colors, textures, finishes, or ergonomic contours, as depicted in FIG. 16. A user may thus personalize the apparatus 2100 by selecting mouthpieces with preferred tactile characteristics, airflow feel, or foam density performance. This modularity also allows manufacturers to tailor mouthpieces to specific formulations, marketing preferences, or user demographics while maintaining compatibility with a common internal device architecture.

[0059] The fluid reservoir 2102 is hermetically sealed, ensuring that the contained liquid formulation remains isolated from the external environment prior to use, except at the point where it is placed in fluid connection with the intake chamber 2104. The intake chamber 2104, in turn, is in controlled fluid communication with the foaming chamber 2106, which is similarly connected downstream to the outlet chamber 2108. These interconnected chambers establish a unidirectional flow path through which the liquid and entrained air travel during suction-driven operation. To prevent contamination or unintended reverse flow, a one-way valve 2103 may be disposed between the fluid{00258854} 33reservoir 2102 and the intake chamber 2104. The valve allows liquid to exit the reservoir under suction while blocking any attempt of the aerated mixture or ambient air from flowing backward into the reservoir 2102, thereby preserving the integrity and cleanliness of the stored liquid. In some embodiments, the valve may be a two-way valve which permits air and / or liquid to flow in both directions through the two-way valve. In some embodiments, the intake chamber 2104 may additionally include an adapter 2105, which allows the fluid reservoir 2102 and the associated valve 2103 to be detachably coupled to the apparatus 2100. When an access port 2114 is provided in the housing, this adapter may permit easy insertion or removal of the reservoir assembly. Such a configuration supports the use of replaceable or interchangeable reservoirs, enabling users to insert new fluid supplies without discarding the entire device. In some embodiments, multiple reservoir chambers, sub-reservoirs, or segmented volumes may be incorporated within a single device, each separated by rupturable, peelable, or valve- controlled barriers. Reservoirs may also be formed as multi-layer, multi -foil, or otherwise partitioned structures. For example, the fluid reservoir 2102 may be implemented as a pre-filled pod containing, depending on product design, between 1 and 100 mL of foaming liquid. These pods may be installed using a quick-release and attachment mechanism, allowing users to remove an empty pod and replace it with a fresh one rapidly and without special tools. In other embodiments, the fluid reservoir 2102 may be formed as an integral component of the apparatus 2100, such that it is permanently fixed within the housing and intended to remain in place throughout the device’s lifespan. In further embodiments, the reservoir 2102 may include a sealable opening 2101, positioned to allow fluid to be added to or removed from the reservoir via the access port 2114. This configuration supports refillable products in which the user or manufacturer can replenish the reservoir multiple times. In alternative versions, the reservoir may include only a single opening used during manufacturing, after which the reservoir cannot be reopened; such designs are intended for disposable, single-use applications to ensure consistent dosing and maintain product hygiene. In some embodiments, either the fluid reservoir 2102 or the apparatus 2100 as a whole may incorporate a pre-calibrated dosage system. Such a system may include mechanical structures that limit or meter the volume of liquid that can be drawn from the reservoir during each suction event. By constraining the amount of liquid available per suction event, the system ensures that the user receives{00258854} 34a consistent quantized dose regardless of suction strength, formulation viscosity, or device orientation. This feature is particularly advantageous when delivering active ingredients that require precise dosing, enhancing both safety and product reliability.

[0060] One embodiment of the foaming chamber 2106, illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 11, incorporates an aeration mechanism specifically adapted to introduce air into a liquid stream and promote efficient mixing within the foaming chamber. In this embodiment, the aeration mechanism includes a first approach section 2202 and a second approach section 2204, which are connected by a narrowed neck 2206, thereby forming a classic Venturi tube geometry. As fluid is drawn through the intake section 2202 toward the neck 2206, the cross-sectional area decreases, resulting in increased fluid velocity and a corresponding drop in static pressure at the neck. This localized pressure reduction facilitates the entrainment of air into the liquid stream. To enhance this aeration effect, the neck 2206 may be provided with a plurality of perforations 2208 formed directly in the wall of the neck. These perforations provide controlled airflow pathways that allow air to enter the foaming chamber precisely where the Venturi -induced low-pressure zone occurs. As the liquid accelerates through the neck 2206, air drawn through the perforations 2208 mixes vigorously with the liquid, establishing the conditions necessary for foam formation. The foaming chamber 2106 is therefore configured to produce foam through the combined action of the Venturi effect and direct aeration from the perforations 2208. In one exemplary embodiment, the neck 2206 may include one to ten perforations, with preferred embodiments utilizing two to six perforations, and an optimal configuration using three or four perforations. These ranges provide flexibility to match the foaming behavior to different liquid formulations, viscosities, and desired foam textures. The number, spacing, and placement of perforations may vary depending on performance needs. In some embodiments, the perforations 2208 may be radially spaced around the circumference of the neck 2206, as depicted in FIGs. 18 and 19, allowing air to enter uniformly from multiple directions. This balanced aeration pattern can improve the consistency of bubble distribution and foam density. In other embodiments, the perforations may be arranged in non-uniform or strategically optimized patterns, such as axial groupings, staggered rows, or helical arrangements, to influence the turbulence profile within the foaming chamber. In yet other embodiments, the perforations 2208 may include a range of diameters or shapes, enabling fine-tuning{00258854} 35of airflow rates, bubble sizes, and aeration intensity. Depending on the housing design, the perforations 2208 may communicate with the airflow channels 2111 in the housing 2110 (FIG. 19), or they may open directly through the housing wall to ambient air, as shown in FIG. 18. These alternative airflow configurations support different manufacturing options and allow the device to accommodate a broad variety of liquid formulations and performance requirements, while still relying on the same fundamental Venturi-assisted aeration principle.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the neck 2206, the first approach section 2202, and the second approach section 2204 may each be formed with circular cross-sections. Circular geometry is advantageous because it provides predictable fluidflow characteristics, reduces turbulence irregularities caused by edge discontinuities, and facilitates molding or fabrication of the foaming device with high dimensional accuracy. Circular cross-sections also minimize manufacturing complexity and are compatible with a wide variety of forming techniques, including injection molding and 3D printing. In such embodiments, the relative radius of the neck 2206 compared to the radii of the first approach section 2202 and / or the second approach section 2204 may be selected to optimize pressure differentials and fluid velocity transitions through the foaming device. The ratio of the radius of the neck to that of the adjacent chambers may fall within a range of 1:2 to 1:20, thereby allowing the designer to adjust the degree of constriction within the foaming chamber. This constriction directly influences the velocity increase and corresponding pressure decrease associated with the Venturi effect. Within this broader range, preferred embodiments may utilize relative radii between 1 : 5 and 1 : 15, as this subset of ratios generally yields strong, predictable suction-driven aeration suitable for a variety of liquid viscosities. In an idealized or illustrative example, the relative radius may be approximately 1:10, which provides a meaningful reduction in conduit diameter at the neck while maintaining sufficient structural strength and manufacturable geometry. This exemplary ratio supports robust air entrainment and produces a consistent foam texture across repeated uses of the device.

[0062] The perforations 2208 may also be configured with uniform circular cross-sections, and in such embodiments, the relative radius of each perforation compared to the radius of the neck 2206 may range between 1:1 and 1:5, with preferred implementations falling between 1:1.5 and 1:3, and an exemplary or idealized configuration being approximately{00258854} 361 :2. These ratios provide a balanced relationship between airflow volume, pressure drop, and structural integrity of the foaming chamber. A perforation sized at roughly one-half the radius of the neck (i.e., 1:2) allows sufficient air to enter the fluid stream while maintaining adequate wall strength and preventing excessive disturbance to the conduit’s hydraulic profile. In certain embodiments, the perforations 2208 may have different cross-sectional radii within the stated ranges. Perforations may be located in any wall of the foaming chamber, intake chamber, or outlet chamber. This variation may be intentional, allowing differential airflow rates to fine-tune aeration intensity, bubble size distribution, or foam density. By employing perforations of differing diameters, while remaining within the disclosed ratio ranges, the device can be optimized to accommodate liquids with a wide spectrum of rheological characteristics. In some embodiments, each perforation 2208 may further incorporate an anti-leaking mechanism, such as a porous sponge, a one-way flow valve, a flexible flap, a shaped recess, or any geometry designed to prevent unintended leakage. These mechanisms block the egress of liquid from the apparatus 2100 in the absence of suction while still permitting the ingress of air into the foaming chamber during user operation. This ensures that liquid does not seep out during storage, transport, accidental squeezing, or handling, while preserving the ability of the perforations to supply the necessary air for foam formation. The geometry, relative dimensions, number, and arrangement of the perforations 2208, as well as the overall geometry of the aeration mechanism, may be selected to optimize aeration for a particular fluid or fluid range. Parameters such as fluid viscosity, density, and surface tension directly influence the rate and quality of foam formation, and the disclosed structural configurations allow precise tailoring of the foaming behavior. For instance, an example of a formulation compatible with the apparatus is a liquid with a viscosity and density similar to water (~1 cP, ~1 g / cm3) or propylene glycol (~60 cP, -1.04 g / cm3), each of which may foam effectively under suction-driven aeration. In some embodiments, lower- viscosity fluids, such as ethanol-based liquids (-0.6 cP; density -0.789 g / cm3), may aerate efficiently at lower suction pressures, making them well-suited for use with embodiments requiring minimal user effort. Conversely, higher-viscosity liquids (those thicker than propylene glycol) may also be aerated successfully by selecting appropriately optimized airflow channels, perforation geometries, and chamber dimensions capable of generating adequate shear and turbulence under user suction. The{00258854} 37upper limit of useful viscosity or density is governed primarily by the strength of the suction force a user can reliably provide and the extent to which the device’s airflow channels and foaming geometry can be tuned to achieve sufficient aeration within that constraint.

[0063] In other embodiments, the aeration mechanism may include alternative known devices or structural arrangements capable of introducing air into a liquid stream to form a foam. Examples of such aeration mechanisms include diffusers, percolators, or other fluidinteraction structures that generate turbulence, bubble nucleation, or shear forces sufficient to promote foam formation. A diffuser may present the liquid to a surface or matrix with multiple small openings or pores, causing the liquid to break into fine streams and mix with incoming air. A percolator-type configuration may force the liquid to traverse upward or downward through a porous substrate, screen, or mesh, enabling air entrainment as the liquid passes through the media. These aeration mechanisms may be implemented independently, replacing the Venturi -based or perforation-based systems described above, or they may be used in combination with those systems to produce enhanced or specialized foam characteristics. For instance, a diffuser may be positioned downstream of a Venturi throat to refine bubble size or stabilize the foam structure, or a percolating element may be placed upstream to partially aerate the fluid before it enters the primary foaming region. Regardless of the particular aeration mechanism selected, each may be optimized to accommodate liquids with different viscosities, densities, or rheological profiles. For low-viscosity liquids, smaller pore sizes or increased turbulence may be desirable to create fine bubbles, while higher-viscosity liquids may benefit from larger pathways, modified pressure gradients, or geometric variations that facilitate sufficient mixing under suction. By adjusting structural parameters such as pore size, surface texture, channel geometry, or arrangement of flow paths, these alternative aeration mechanisms can be tuned to ensure consistent and reliable foam formation across a wide spectrum of fluid formulations. As with the previously described embodiments, the alternative aeration mechanisms described in this paragraph may be used alone or in conjunction with the exemplary Venturi -based configuration, providing flexibility in designing a foaming apparatus capable of handling diverse performance requirements and formulation needs.{00258854} 38

[0064] In some embodiments, such as those depicted in FIG. 11, the first approach section 2202 and the second approach section 2204 may each have a circular cross-section, and the overall geometry of these sections may be substantially conical. Conical cross-sections are advantageous because they provide a smooth, predictable transition in fluid velocity as the liquid moves toward or away from the neck 2206, thereby supporting stable pressure differentials and facilitating aeration. Circular conical geometries are also straightforward to mold or manufacture and tend to reduce turbulence irregularities that could interfere with controlled foam formation. In other embodiments, however, the approach sections may deviate from circular geometry and instead utilize alternative cross-sectional shapes or non-linear wall profiles. For example, one or both of the approach sections 2202, 2204 may be formed with rectangular or polygonal crosssections, with the walls shaped to define a pyramidal configuration. Such geometries may be selected to influence directional flow characteristics, modify turbulence patterns, or accommodate manufacturing constraints associated with certain molding or forming techniques. Any cross-section shape that generates differential fluid velocity may be used, including geometries described herein or functional equivalents. In further embodiments, the first approach section 2202 and / or second approach section 2204 may be cylindrical, meaning that the cross-section is uniform along their length. In cylindrical embodiments, the neck 2206 may extend through a face or boundary of the cylindrical structure. Cylindrical sections may be beneficial when a more constant fluid velocity profile is desired prior to entering the neck region, or when the manufacturing process favors straight-walled geometries. Other geometric variations may be employed as well, including oval, elliptical, trapezoidal, or hybrid profiles, provided that the cross-sectional area of the neck 2206 remains smaller than that of the adjacent approach sections. This requirement preserves the essential functional principle of the device: the neck must act as a constriction that increases fluid velocity and decreases static pressure as the fluid is drawn through it. The selection of cross-sectional geometry and wall contouring for the approach sections may therefore be tailored to the aeration characteristics desired for a particular formulation, viscosity range, or performance requirement.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 11, the outlet chamber 2108 includes a foam control device 2109, which may take the form of a screen, mesh, filter, or other porous structure positioned to regulate the characteristics of the foam as it exits the foaming chamber. The foam control{00258854} 39device 2109 functions to reduce variation in bubble size by creating a final normalization stage through which the aerated mixture must pass. As the foam is forced through the pores or openings within the device, larger bubbles are broken into smaller ones, and irregularities in bubble structure are smoothed, thereby promoting the production of uniform, consistent foam suitable for oral administration. In some embodiments, the performance of foam control device 2109 can be modulated by selecting or adjusting the pore size of the mesh or screen. For example, a mesh with relatively small pores (on the order of approximately 100 to 150 microns) will produce a finer foam, characterized by smaller, more uniform bubbles. This type of foam may be desirable when smoother textures or enhanced buccal absorption are required. Conversely, a mesh having relatively larger pore sizes (approximately 200 to 400 microns) will generally produce foam with larger bubble structures, resulting in a lighter, airier texture. These pore-size ranges may be selected based on the viscosity of the liquid, the required foam density, or the intended sensory characteristics of the final product. In other embodiments, the foam control device 2109 may be constructed as a fixed mesh that includes multiple pore sizes across its surface, such as through graded or patterned pore distributions. Alternatively, a multi-layered mesh or screen may be employed, with each layer contributing a different degree of aeration refinement. Such configurations may produce a controlled blend of bubble sizes, thereby enabling the output of different foam textures, including microfoam, dense foam, or aerosol-like foam. In some embodiments, the foam control device 2109 may be adjustable, allowing the pore size or overall foam-conditioning characteristics to be modified dynamically during use. For instance, a mesh assembly may include a mechanical adjustment mechanism that changes tension, alignment, or overlap between mesh layers, thereby altering effective pore size in response to suction strength or fluid viscosity. Such adjustable structures enable the device to maintain consistent foam texture even when formulation properties or operating conditions vary. In yet other embodiments, the foam control device 2109 may be a variable-density mesh, in which certain regions comprise smaller pore sizes for fine bubble refinement, and other regions contain larger pores to promote higher airflow volume or coarser bubble formation. By carefully selecting the distribution of these fine and coarse regions, the device can influence the bubble size distribution exiting the outlet chamber 2108, thereby{00258854} 40allowing more nuanced control over the physical properties and mouthfeel of the produced foam.

[0066] In some embodiments, the apparatus 2100 may additionally incorporate supplementary functional features intended to enhance usability, feedback, and user confidence during operation. For example, the device may include a built-in mechanical counter or other feedback mechanism configured to provide tactile or audible or other confirmation when the apparatus 2100 is activated or otherwise in a ready -to-use state. Such mechanical feedback may be delivered through structural components that move or flex during suction, or through strategically positioned airflow-responsive elements. One illustrative implementation is a whistle integrated into an airflow channel, which emits a characteristic sound when negative pressure causes air to pass through it. This audible feedback indicates to the user that airflow is functioning correctly and that the device is producing foam as intended. In other embodiments, the feedback system may include a haptic feedback device. This may involve a flexible membrane, detent mechanism, or vibration-inducing structure that responds to airflow changes or mechanical activation, thereby providing a subtle tactile cue to the user. Such tactile signals may help users confirm that suction has been successfully applied or that the device has transitioned from a sealed state into an active foaming mode. In still other embodiments, the feedback system may be electronic in nature and may comprise one or more sensors positioned within or adjacent to the airflow pathway, foaming chamber, or reservoir region. These sensors can detect a variety of conditions and generate corresponding outputs, such as audio tones, visual indicators, haptic vibrations, or any combination thereof. Sensors may be electronic, mechanical, optical, pneumatic, or fluidic, and may detect flow rate, pressure, or foam properties. For example, electronic feedback may be triggered when: a sufficient amount of fluid has been drawn from the fluid reservoir 2102 to deliver a single pre-defined dose, the reservoir 2102 is empty or nearing depletion, the device has been activated for the first time (for example, upon rupture of the weak membrane or removal of a factory seal), or any pre-determined operational or diagnostic condition occurs. Each of these conditions may be associated with a unique signal, such as a specific color of light, a particular sound pattern, or a distinct haptic pulse sequence. These feedback features enhance user awareness of device status, support correct operation, and allow the apparatus 2100 to communicate essential information without{00258854} 41the need for visual inspection. They also assist in ensuring proper dosing, whether the product is used for recreational, nutraceutical, or therapeutic applications.

[0067] In some embodiments, the apparatus 2100 may further include a pressure sensor in combination with a power source, the two working together to actively regulate the release of liquid fluid from the fluid reservoir 2102 in order to ensure that the output foam remains consistent in texture, density, and volume across multiple uses or varying user suction strengths. The pressure sensor may monitor the internal pressure within the intake region or within the reservoir itself and signal the power-assisted regulating system to adjust flow parameters accordingly. By incorporating such an active regulation system, the apparatus can correct for variability in human suction, fluid viscosity, or ambient conditions, thereby providing a more uniform and predictable foam output. In some embodiments, the power source, such as a compact battery, micro-energy cell, or integrated electric component, may partially or completely assist liquid movement, supplementing or replacing human suction as the driving force for fluid flow. Electronic sensing components are optional and not required for basic suction-driven operation. For example, a small battery-powered pump or motor may help draw liquid from the reservoir 2102 into the foaming chamber 2106, ensuring reliable activation for users who apply lower suction pressures or when the liquid formulation exhibits higher viscosity. Such assistance may also compensate for pressure losses introduced by filters, valves, or narrower foaming geometries. In other embodiments, the apparatus 2100 may instead employ passive pressure-management systems that do not require electronic components. These systems may include a pressure-release valve calibrated to open when excess negative pressure is detected, thereby protecting the apparatus from structural stress or deformation. A pressure-release valve can also prevent over-aeration or excessive foam delivery caused by unexpectedly strong suction. Additionally, a flow regulator may be included to limit the maximum velocity at which the liquid can travel through the device, ensuring stable foam generation and preventing splashing, channel collapse, or overly dense foam output. In yet other embodiments, the apparatus 2100 may comprise a mechanical airflow or fluid-flow control mechanism that allows the user to manually adjust and regulate the incoming air volume or liquid flow rate. Such mechanisms may include adjustable shutters, rotating collars, sliders, or other user-operable components that modulate fluidic resistance or airflow pathway size. Airflow control may be achieved{00258854} 42using collars, sliding elements, rotating sleeves, adjustable apertures, variable restriction membranes, or equivalents thereof. By fine-tuning these parameters, the user can optimize foam characteristics, such as density, bubble size, mouthfeel, and aeration intensity, based on personal preference or specific characteristics of the liquid formulation.

[0068] In some embodiments, the apparatus 2100 may be configured in a modular architecture, wherein one or more components, such as the fluid reservoir 2102, the housing 2110 and its associated airflow channels, the foaming chamber 2106, or the mouthpiece 2112, are designed to be replaceable or interchangeable. This modular construction provides several functional advantages, including enhanced sustainability through component reuse, flexibility in personalizing device characteristics, and the ability to tailor airflow and foam-production behavior to suit a wide variety of liquid formulations and user preferences. For example, different reservoirs may contain different liquid formulations, while alternate foaming chambers may be selected to modify bubble size or foam density. Similarly, distinct housings may offer alternative airflow patterns optimized for specific viscosity or aeration requirements. Such modularity allows a single platform to deliver a range of foams, from light and airy to dense and compact, depending on the configuration selected by the user. Kits may be packaged with any combination of reservoirs, mouthpieces, foaming elements, airflow accessories or instructional materials. The reservoir may be prefilled and transported separately from the housing and foaming mechanism, and may be attached or installed immediately prior to use. The foaming device may be removably insertable and interchangeable with alternate foaming device configurations. The mouthpiece 2112 is one component particularly well suited for customization, and modularity permits variations in both interior geometry and exterior ergonomics. Users may select mouthpieces designed to adjust the flow resistance or compaction effect applied to the foam, allowing fine tuning of texture, flavor delivery, and sensory experience. Modularity also improves long-term usability, enabling users to replace worn or damaged parts without discarding the entire device. In addition, the mouthpiece 2112 or the apparatus 2100 as a whole may include a self-sealing nozzle or valve. This type of valve remains closed when suction is not applied, thereby preventing unintended leaks, dripping, or residue accumulation at the outlet of the device. When suction is applied, the valve opens automatically to permit normal foam passage. This{00258854} 43automatic sealing functionality ensures that the device stays clean and hygienic between uses, particularly when carried in a pocket, bag, or other personal environment. It also enhances transport safety and contributes to a more pleasant and convenient experience for the user by preventing accidental release of the formulation when the device is not actively engaged.

[0069] In operation of one exemplary embodiment, when a user applies suction by drawing air after engaging the mouthpiece 2112, a negative pressure is generated within the apparatus 2100. This negative pressure propagates internally through the outlet chamber 2108, the foaming chamber 2106, and the intake chamber 2104, ultimately reaching the interface with the fluid reservoir 2102. In response to this pressure differential, a suitable liquid formulation is pulled from the reservoir 2102 and begins to travel through the device toward the user. As the liquid exits the reservoir, it first flows through the oneway valve 2103, which ensures that fluid movement remains unidirectional and prevents reverse flow or re-entry of foam or air into the reservoir. After passing through the valve, the fluid enters the intake chamber 2104, where its velocity increases as it progresses toward the constricted region of the foaming chamber 2106. This initial acceleration conditions the fluid for effective aeration downstream. Simultaneously, ambient air is drawn into apparatus 2100 through the perforations 2208 located in the neck 2206 of the foaming chamber. These perforations communicate with external airflow channels and serve as controlled entry points for air to be introduced into the fluid stream. As suction continues, both the velocity of the fluid and the volume of incoming air increase, creating an environment conducive to interfacial mixing. The geometry of the foaming chamber 2106, particularly the narrowing of the conduit within the first approach section 2202, causes the fluid to accelerate as the effective radius decreases. Upon reaching the neck 2206, the fluid is traveling at a relatively high velocity. At this moment, air drawn through perforations 2208 mixes with the high-flow-speed liquid, generating turbulence, shear forces, and rapid dispersion of air into the liquid. This interaction initiates the formation of bubbles and serves as the first stage of foam development. Following this interaction, the aerated mixture transitions into the second approach section 2204, where the radius of the passage increases relative to the neck. This expanded geometry causes a reduction in fluid velocity and a corresponding rise in static pressure, consistent with Bernoulli’s principle. The combination of decreased pressure at the neck (producing the{00258854} 44Venturi effect) and the expanding geometry downstream promotes the stabilization of bubbles and enhances the transformation of the air-liquid mixture into a cohesive foam. The resulting foam passes through the outlet chamber 2108, where its structure may undergo further refinement or homogenization. Finally, the foam encounters the foam control device 2109, which acts on the mixture to improve uniformity of bubble size and enhance the overall consistency of the foam before it is delivered to the user’s mouth through the mouthpiece 2112. This combination of geometric transitions, airflow control, and pressure differentials ensures predictable foam generation under user-powered suction.

[0070] In other embodiments, the Venturi effect is not required for foam formation, and the apparatus may instead rely on direct aeration or any other known low-energy foaming process to produce an orally administrable foam. In such embodiments, foam generation may occur without the sharply constricted throat geometry characteristic of a Venturi tube. Instead, aeration may be achieved by introducing air directly into the fluid stream through one or more air inlets while the fluid is being drawn through the device by user suction or by other passive flow mechanisms. A wide variety of foaming strategies may be used alone or in combination, including the creation of turbulent flow, shear zones, and vortex-inducing conditions that promote the mixing of air and liquid. In some designs, turbulent flow may be intentionally induced through structural features such as internal baffles, flow disruptors, or abrupt changes in chamber diameter. As the user inhales, the incoming fluid encounters these structural elements, which generate localized vortices and zones of accelerated / decel erated flow. These conditions facilitate the breakup of the liquid stream and its mixing with air to produce a foam. Devices configured in this manner rely on the user-generated suction to provide the necessary driving force, eliminating the need for compressed gas, pumps, or external energy sources. Because human suction naturally varies in magnitude over the course of an inhalation, this variability can create localized turbulence within the fluid pathway, further enhancing the mixing of air and liquid. Instead of being detrimental, such natural fluctuations can promote foam generation by intermittently altering the flow regime, thus producing micro-scale eddies, pressure variations, and shear zones within the foaming chamber 2106. In certain embodiments, additional foaming structures may be incorporated to enhance aeration efficiency. For example, vortex generators (small{00258854} 45structural features that impart rotational motion to the fluid), or flow-separation points (which cause the fluid to detach and reattach along the internal surfaces), may be employed within the foaming chamber 2106. These features increase interfacial contact between the fluid and entrained air, helping stabilize bubbles and encouraging the formation of a uniform foam texture. The use of such features enables effective foam formation in the absence of Venturi geometry and supports flexibility in designing devices optimized for different fluid viscosities, flow characteristics, or manufacturing constraints.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 24, FIG. 25, and FIG. 26, an alternate embodiment of an apparatus for oral foam production is provided. In this embodiment, foam generation occurs directly within the foaming chamber 2106, which contains a porous matrix 2402. The porous matrix may take the form of a screen, mesh, fdter, or other permeable structure capable of imparting mechanical agitation to the flowing liquid. As the liquid stream passes through or across the porous matrix 2402, the multiple small openings, strands, or interstitial pathways within the matrix break the liquid into smaller segments, creating turbulent micro-environments where air and liquid mix to form bubbles. Thus, the porous nature and internal complexity of the matrix itself act as a mechanical aeration mechanism, inducing the shear forces and interfacial disruption necessary for foam formation without requiring a Venturi constriction. As illustrated in FIG. 25, the porous- matrix embodiment may further include a perforation 2208 formed in the housing 2110. This perforation is positioned to allow air to enter the foaming chamber 2106 either directly at, or immediately upstream of, the porous matrix 2402. By introducing air precisely at the location where the matrix generates turbulence, the device enhances micro-scale mixing and improves the overall efficiency of foam generation. The combination of airflow entry and turbulent interaction at the porous matrix provides a stable and effective method for producing fine, consistent foam under user-generated suction. In this embodiment, the porous matrix 2402 may also serve a dual function by acting as the foam control device 2109. In such configurations, the pore size of the matrix dictates the maximum bubble size permitted to pass, effectively standardizing the texture and uniformity of the foam exiting the device. Smaller pore sizes yield finer foam, while larger pore structures enable the formation of slightly coarser bubble distributions. Because the porous matrix both aerates and controls the final bubble characteristics, it{00258854} 46simplifies the internal architecture of the device by eliminating the need for a separate foam-conditioning stage. In some embodiments, a one-way valve 2103 may be disposed between the fluid reservoir 2102 and the intake chamber 2104 to prevent any backflow into the reservoir 2102. In some embodiments, a one-way valve 2103 may be disposed between the intake chamber 2104 and the foaming chamber 2106 to prevent any backflow into the intake chamber 2104 and / or the reservoir 2102. This valve ensures that once the fluid has moved into the foaming region, it cannot return to the reservoir, thereby protecting the integrity of the remaining liquid, preventing contamination, and maintaining a unidirectional flow path. When used together with the porous matrix 2402, the one-way valve promotes reliable fluid progression, predictable foam formation, and consistent user experience across repeated inhalation cycles.

[0072] In accordance with another disclosed aspect, a method of manufacture for a human- powered apparatus designed for oral foam production is provided. As shown in FIG. 12, the manufacturing method 2300 includes a sequence of operations beginning with providing a fluid reservoir 2302, which may be fabricated from a flexible polymeric material, molded substrate, or any other suitable fluid-tight structure. This reservoir serves as the container for the liquid formulation that will later be aerated by the device. Next, the method involves forming a hollow foam-production mechanism 2304, which includes an intake chamber, a foaming chamber, and an outlet chamber, arranged in fluid communication. The foaming chamber is formed with a dedicated foaming mechanism, which may include a Venturi structure, porous matrix, baffles, or any aeration-inducing geometry as described in earlier embodiments. The hollow structure ensures that once the membrane of the reservoir is ruptured and suction is applied, fluid can travel through these chambers along a controlled flow pathway. The method then includes providing an aeration mechanism 2306 to the foaming chamber. The aeration mechanism may be integral to the foaming chamber’s geometry or may comprise structures such as perforations, airflow channels, or other openings enabling ambient air to be drawn into the foaming region. This step ensures that the device will be capable of delivering consistent aeration performance when subjected to human suction. Finally, the method includes combining 2308 the fluid reservoir and the hollow foam-production mechanism, including the aeration mechanism, to form a complete apparatus. This combining step may include inserting the components into a housing, sealing interfaces, and installing{00258854} 47any necessary filters or mouthpiece structures, depending on the desired configuration. The completed assembly may then undergo inspection, testing, or sealing processes to ensure that it is ready for consumer use. This manufacturing structure enables reliable assembly, repeatability, and scalability for high-volume production of human-powered foam delivery devices.

[0073] In some embodiments, the providing a fluid reservoir step 2302 involves forming the fluid reservoir directly, for example by injection molding, machining, or any other suitable fabrication process capable of producing a fluid-tight component with an internal cavity configured to contain the liquid formulation. Machining may be used to form fluid-tight components, such as rigid reservoirs or chamber structures. Injection molding may be used where polymeric or biopolymer materials are preferred, allowing precise shaping of the reservoir walls, incorporation of integrated features such as weak membranes or alignment surfaces, and efficient production at scale. Machining or subtractive manufacturing, by contrast, may be employed when working with more rigid substrates or when tighter dimensional tolerances are required to ensure reliable sealing and compatibility with the intake or foaming components. In other embodiments, the reservoir may be formed through any suitable process that yields a container capable of securely holding the desired fluid volume without leakage. This may include compression molding, blow molding, thermoforming, additive manufacturing techniques, or laminating flexible films into a three-dimensional cavity structure. In some embodiments, the reservoir comprises multiple chambers separated by rupturable or valve-controlled internal partitions. The selected technique will depend upon the material properties, production volume, and cost or regulatory considerations associated with the intended use case. Alternatively, some embodiments of the method may involve sourcing a prefabricated fluid reservoir, such as an off-the-shelf container or standardized reservoir component available from suppliers. Utilizing prefabricated reservoirs may simplify assembly, reduce tooling costs, or accelerate product development by leveraging existing commercially available components. Such prefabricated reservoirs may then be integrated with the foaming mechanism and housing in accordance with the remainder of the manufacturing process described herein.

[0074] In some embodiments, the forming a hollow foam production chamber step 2304 involves creating a structure that defines an intake chamber, a foaming chamber, and an{00258854} 48outlet chamber, each configured to guide and condition the movement of fluid and entrained air during suction-driven operation. The foaming chamber, in particular, may include a first approach section, a neck, and a second approach section, each defining a portion of a continuous fluid conduit. The conduit may be specifically designed to be narrower at the neck than at either of the adjacent approach sections. This geometric constriction may assist in achieving the pressure drop and velocity increase that enhance mixing, whether through the Venturi effect or through equivalent fluid dynamic behavior in non-Venturi embodiments. In some embodiments, the forming step 2304 may be performed using 3D printing, which allows highly accurate and complex internal geometries to be produced in a single additive manufacturing step. Additive manufacturing may be particularly advantageous when producing foaming chambers with intricate internal flow paths, precise radii transitions, or unconventional internal structures that are difficult or costly to form using traditional molding techniques. 3D printing also facilitates rapid prototyping, iterative design, and custom tailoring of chamber geometries to specific viscosity or aeration requirements. In other embodiments, the hollow foam production chamber may be formed by injection molding, which is well suited for high-volume production of polymeric components with consistent tolerances and high structural integrity. Injection molding may incorporate features such as tapered walls, perforation-ready recesses, or molded alignment surfaces that support subsequent assembly steps. In still other embodiments, the chamber may be produced by machining, such as CNC milling or drilling, allowing precise control over internal diameters, surface finishes, and channel geometries, particularly when working with rigid or semi-rigid materials that require subtractive techniques. Certain embodiments may incorporate multiple manufacturing techniques in combination. For instance, the primary body of the foaming chamber may be produced by injection molding, while fine apertures or surface features may be added later by machining or laser processing. Alternatively, 3D printing may be used to create test or low-volume components, while high-volume production may later transition to molded or machined versions. This flexibility in forming techniques enables the foam production chamber to be optimized for manufacturability, cost efficiency, performance consistency, or material compatibility depending on the specific requirements of the apparatus.{00258854} 49

[0075] In other embodiments, the forming a hollow foam production chamber step 2304 involves creating an intake chamber, a foaming chamber, and an outlet chamber in such a manner that the foaming chamber is specifically adapted to receive and retain a porous matrix. The porous matrix may later be inserted into, positioned within, or integrated into this region of the chamber to facilitate mechanical agitation, air-liquid mixing, and bubble formation as the fluid stream passes through it. This design enables foam formation through direct aeration and turbulence generation at the matrix, rather than relying solely on constricted fluid pathways or Venturi -induced pressure changes. Consequently, the geometry of the foaming chamber must include features such as a recess, cavity, seating surface, or other structural accommodation that securely retains the porous matrix during both assembly and operation. In some embodiments, forming step 2304 may be performed using 3D printing, which lends itself particularly well to generating cavities or complex geometries intended to house the porous matrix. Additive manufacturing enables precise control over internal shapes, undercuts, lattice supports, or geometrically defined retention features that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional molding techniques. It also allows the proportional relationships between the intake, foaming, and outlet chambers to be tuned with high repeatability. In other embodiments, the hollow foam production chamber may be produced by injection molding, which is well suited for high-volume manufacturing and offers design flexibility in creating integrated structural features such as retaining lips, molded recesses, support ribs, or flow-directing elements around the porous matrix. Injection molding also enables uniform wall thicknesses and dimensional stability across repeated production cycles. In further embodiments, the chamber may be formed by machining, which allows precision sculpting of the internal cavity for the porous matrix and is particularly advantageous when working with rigid materials or when very tight dimensional tolerances are needed. Some embodiments may incorporate multiple manufacturing techniques in combination. For example, the main body of the hollow chamber may be injection molded to establish its general geometry, while a secondary machining step may refine the cavity that holds the porous matrix or create precise openings for airflow. Alternatively, 3D-printed prototypes may be used during development to optimize the chamber-matrix interface, followed by molded or machined production components once the geometry is finalized. This modular approach to{00258854} 50manufacturing ensures that the foam production chamber can be tailored to the desired performance characteristics while maintaining efficiency, scalability, and compatibility with a wide range of materials and assembly processes.

[0076] In some embodiments, the providing an aeration mechanism step 2306 may be carried out concurrently with the forming a hollow foam production chamber step 2304, such that the aeration structure is created at the same time the chamber itself is formed. For example, when the hollow foam production chamber is produced by injection molding, the mold tooling may include pins, cores, or slide inserts that create perforations in the neck to admit air directly into the foaming region. This concurrent formation approach offers excellent dimensional consistency and reduces the number of post-processing steps required during manufacturing. Additionally, forming the aeration mechanism integrally with the chamber can help ensure proper alignment between the airflow openings and the liquid path, improving the reliability and repeatability of foam formation. In other embodiments, the aeration mechanism may be added separately, after the hollow chamber has been initially formed. For example, one or more perforations may be created by machining, drilling, laser processing, or punching into the neck of the foaming chamber. This approach may be preferred when ultra-fine or irregular perforations are desired, or when material choices limit the ability to form precise openings during molding. In still other embodiments, the aeration mechanism may be provided not by perforations in the neck but instead by inserting a separate aeration structure, such as a porous matrix, into the chamber. This allows the designer to incorporate baffles, meshes, or other aeration elements that can be tailored to specific fluid viscosities, bubble-size requirements, or foam density targets. Some embodiments may combine multiple methods, such as forming a primary perforation during injection molding but enlarging or refining it during a secondary machining process, or adding a porous matrix as an enhancement to an already-perforated foaming chamber. This flexibility helps ensure that the aeration system can be optimized for a variety of formulations and performance expectations without significant redesign of the underlying chamber geometry. The providing an aeration mechanism step 2306 may also include supplying a foam control device, such as a screen, mesh, or filter, which functions to reduce bubble-size variation and increase the consistency of the foam produced. The foam control device may be positioned within the foaming or outlet chamber, secured{00258854} 51either removably or permanently, depending on the intended use case. In embodiments where a porous matrix is used as the primary aeration structure, the same matrix may also serve as the foam control device, thereby simplifying assembly and reducing the number of required internal components. The combining step 2308 involves joining the principal components, namely, the fluid reservoir, the hollow foam production chamber, and the aeration mechanism, to form a complete, human-powered apparatus for oral foam production. This step may include providing connection mechanisms such as a Luer taper lock or other fluid connectors that enable the components to be removably attached. Removable attachment may be desirable for refillable or modular systems. In other embodiments, the components may be fixedly attached, such as by adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, thermal sealing, or mechanical fastening, to create a permanent assembly. The combining step 2308 may also involve positioning the assembly within a housing, aligning the fluid reservoir, foaming chamber, and aeration components with the inlet and outlet pathways, and ensuring that all seals, filters, or valves are properly installed prior to device completion.

[0077] While particular elements, embodiments and applications of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood, that the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, since modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. Thus, for example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations making up the method / process may be performed in any suitable sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed sequence. Elements and components can be configured or arranged differently, combined, and / or eliminated in various embodiments. The various features and processes described above may be used independently of one another or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. Reference throughout this disclosure to “some embodiments,” “an embodiment,” or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, step, process, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in some embodiments,” “in an embodiment,” “in an exemplary embodiment,” or the like, throughout this disclosure are{00258854} 52not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment and may refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments.

[0078] Various aspects and advantages of the embodiments have been described where appropriate. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such aspects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, it should be recognized that the various embodiments may be carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

[0079] Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, "can," "could," "might," "may," “e.g.,” “for example,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without operator input or prompting, whether these features, elements and / or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. No single feature or group of features is required for or indispensable to any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.

[0080] The example results and parameters of the embodiments described herein are intended to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed embodiments. The embodiments described herein are not exhaustive and are provided merely as illustrative examples. Additional structurally and functionally equivalent embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. Other embodiments can be configured and / or operated differently than the illustrative examples described herein.{00258854} 53

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for generating an orally administrable foam, comprising: a. a housing; b. a reservoir disposed within the housing; c. a foaming device in connection with the reservoir; and d. a mouthpiece in connection with the foaming device opposite the reservoir; wherein the reservoir and the foaming device form a fluid channel adapted to permit a fluid to pass through the foaming device from the reservoir to the mouthpiece; and wherein the foaming device is adapted to cause a fluid flowing through the fluid channel to foam, upon application of suction at the mouthpiece by a user.

2. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the reservoir comprises a flexible reservoir bag having a sealed bottom, sealed sides, and a top seal including a weak membrane rupturable under applied pressure.

3. The apparatus of Claim 2, wherein the flexible reservoir bag is formed by folding a sheet of polymeric film into an M-shaped profile.

4. The apparatus of Claim 3, wherein a weak membrane is formed at a trough of the M-fold.

5. The apparatus of Claim 2, wherein the weak membrane is configured to rupture upon compression of the housing.

6. The apparatus of Claim 2, wherein the weak membrane is configured to rupture in response to suction applied at the outlet.

7. The apparatus of any one of Claims 1-6, wherein the reservoir comprises a precalibrated dosage system limiting achievable liquid release per suction cycle.

8. The apparatus of any one of Claims 1-6, wherein the reservoir includes a sealable opening enabling refilling.

9. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the reservoir comprises a sealed, non- refillable pod containing a predetermined volume of the liquid formulation.

10. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming device comprises a first approach section, a neck, and a second approach section, the neck having a smaller cross-sectional area than at least one of the approach sections.

11. The apparatus of Claim 10, wherein a radius ratio of at least one approach section to the neck is between 1:2 and 1:20.

12. The apparatus of Claim 11, wherein the radius ratio is between 1:5 and 1:15.{00258854} 5413. The apparatus of Claim 12, wherein the radius ratio is approximately 1:10.

14. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming chamber has a circular, rectangular, polygonal, pyramidal, cylindrical, or elliptical cross-section.

15. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming device comprises vortex generators, baffles, or flow-separation structures configured to induce turbulence under suction.

16. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming device includes abrupt diameter transitions adapted to increase turbulence and entrain air.

17. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming device comprises a porous matrix configured to mechanically aerate the liquid under suction.

18. The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein the porous matrix also functions as a foamcontrol device.

19. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the foaming device lacks a venturi throat and foam formation is achieved by turbulence, baffles, or a porous structure.

20. The apparatus of any one of Claims 1, 10, 11, 12, or 17, wherein the foaming device comprises both a venturi throat and a porous matrix arranged in series or in parallel to enhance foam density.

21. The apparatus of Claim 1, further comprising an airflow opening, wherein the airflow opening comprises a plurality of perforations positioned to admit ambient air into the foaming device under user-applied suction.

22. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the perforations have a radius between one- fifth and equal to the neck radius of the foaming chamber.

23. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the perforations are radially spaced around the neck of the foaming device.

24. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the perforations are arranged in a helical, offset, clustered, or longitudinal pattern.

25. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the housing comprises airflow channels arranged radially relative to the foaming device.

26. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the housing comprises longitudinal airflow channels extending along a length of the housing.

27. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the housing comprises orthogonal airflow channels arranged to intersect or crossflow with the fluid conduit of the foaming device.

28. The apparatus of any one of Claims 25-27, wherein the airflow channels are tapered to accelerate airflow into the foaming device.{00258854} 5529. The apparatus of any one of Claims 25-28, wherein the airflow channels comprise baffles, diffusers, turbulence promoters, or flow-redirecting structures.

30. The apparatus of any one of Claims 25-28, wherein the airflow channels are aligned with the perforations of the foaming device to optimize air-liquid mixing.

31. The apparatus of Claim 1, further comprising an airflow regulator configured to regulate airflow entering the foaming device.

32. The apparatus of Claim 31, wherein the airflow regular is configured just that adjustment of the airflow regulator modifies foam density, bubble size, or flow rate.

33. The apparatus of Claim 1, further comprising an anti -leak mechanism positioned at the mouthpiece and the airflow opening.

34. The apparatus of Claim 33, wherein the anti-leak mechanism comprises a sponge, flap valve, membrane, or geometry configured to prevent liquid egress in the absence of suction while permitting airflow under suction.

35. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece comprises a conical insert configured to reduce chamber collapse under suction.

36. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece comprises a foam-control device configured to refine bubble size or normalize foam texture.

37. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the foam-control device comprises a mesh or screen having a pore size between 100 and 150 micrometres.

38. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the foam-control device comprises a mesh or screen having a pore size between 200 and 400 micrometres.

39. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the foam-control device comprises a multilayer mesh or variable-density mesh.

40. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece comprises interchangeable outlet geometries configured to produce different foam densities or flow characteristics.

41. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to generate foam without the use of compressed gas propellants, pressurized containers, chemical effervescence systems, or powered pumps.

42. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the apparatus is adapted to generate foam without mechanical agitation, vibration, brushing, electrical actuation, or motor- driven airflow.

43. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the airflow opening and geometry of the foaming device are configured such that foam generation occurs under suction pressures between approximately -2 kPa and -20 kPa.{00258854} 5644. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the airflow opening is sized such that the airflow rate during user-applied suction is between approximately 0.1 L / min and 15 L / min.

45. The apparatus of any one of Claims 2-6, wherein the weak membrane is configured to rupture when a negative pressure of between approximately 2 kPa and 30 kPa is applied at the mouthpiece.

46. The apparatus of any one of Claims 2-6, wherein the weak membrane is adapted to prevent liquid transfer from the reservoir into the foaming device prior to rupture.

47. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the perforations comprise multiple sets arranged in a clustered, staggered, or multi-level pattern to create staged air entrainment.

48. The apparatus of Claim 24, wherein the airflow opening is arranged to produce helical or swirling airflow patterns inside the foaming device.

49. The apparatus of Claim 20, wherein the venturi throat and porous matrix are positioned sequentially such that the liquid is accelerated through the throat and subsequently dispersed through the porous matrix.

50. The apparatus of Claim 20, wherein the venturi throat and porous matrix are positioned in parallel flow paths, each contributing to foam formation.

51. The apparatus of Claim 9, wherein the reservoir pod is removably secured to the housing by a latch, bayonet lock, snap-fit, magnetic coupling, or friction-fit mechanism.

52. The apparatus of Claim 9, wherein the reservoir pod includes a tamper-evident or child-resistant seal.

53. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the housing comprises external gripenhancing features selected from ridges, textures, indentations, or compressible zones.

54. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece is formed from a soft, flexible polymer configured for oral comfort.

55. The apparatus of Claim 54, wherein the mouthpiece is removably attached to the housing by snap-fit, threaded coupling, magnetic attachment, or friction fit.

56. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the foam-control device comprises a multilayer screen including at least one fine-pore region and one coarse-pore region to regulate bubble-size distribution.

57. The apparatus of Claim 32, wherein the airflow regulator includes detent positions, visual indicators, or tactile feedback to allow repeatable foam-density selection.{00258854} 5758. The apparatus of Claim 30, wherein the perforations and airflow channels are aligned to introduce air at an oblique or orthogonal angle relative to liquid flow.

59. The apparatus of Claim 21, wherein the airflow opening is disposed so that air is introduced upstream of the foaming device to pre-aerate liquid from the reservoir before entry into the foaming device.

60. The apparatus of Claim 1, wherein the housing includes structural ribs or compression-limiting elements configured to prevent full collapse of the reservoir during squeezing.

61. A method for generating an orally administrable foam, comprising: a. placing an outlet of an apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 60 or Claim 125 into a user’s mouth; b. applying suction at the outlet to generate negative pressure within the apparatus; and c. drawing liquid from the reservoir through the foaming chamber to mix the liquid with ambient air admitted into the foaming chamber, thereby forming a foam deliverable to the user.

62. The method of Claim 61, further comprising rupturing a weak membrane of the reservoir to permit liquid flow into the foaming device.

63. The method of Claim 62, wherein rupturing the weak membrane comprises compressing the housing.

64. The method of Claim 62, wherein the weak membrane ruptures in response to suction alone.

65. The method of Claim 61, wherein aeration comprises passing the liquid through a porous matrix disposed within the foaming chamber.

66. The method of Claim 61, wherein aeration comprises passing the liquid through a venturi throat formed in the foaming chamber.

67. The method of Claim 61, wherein aeration comprises inducing turbulence using baffles, abrupt diameter transitions, vortex generators, or flow-separation structures.

68. The method of Claim 61, wherein applying suction comprises inducing airflow through radial airflow channels formed in the housing.

69. The method of Claim 61, wherein applying suction comprises inducing airflow through longitudinal airflow channels.

70. The method of Claim 61, wherein applying suction introduces airflow at an oblique or orthogonal angle relative to the liquid flow path.{00258854} 5871. The method of Claim 61, wherein applying suction creates a crossflow aeration pattern between airflow channels and the foaming device.

72. The method of Claim 61, further comprising controlling airflow using airflow regulator to modify foam characteristics.

73. The method of Claim 72, wherein airflow adjustment increases or decreases foam density, bubble size, or foam texture.

74. The method of Claim 61, wherein the liquid and air mixture follows an acceleration-deceleration flow profile defined by Bernoulli’s principle.

75. The method of Claim 61, wherein suction pressure applied by the user is between approximately -2 kPa and -20 kPa.

76. The method of Claim 61, wherein the airflow rate induced by the suction is between approximately 0.1 L / min and 15 L / min.

77. The method of Claim 61, further comprising passing the generated foam through a foam-control device disposed in the outlet chamber.

78. The method of Claim 77, wherein the foam-control device comprises a screen or mesh having a pore size between 100 and 150 micrometres.

79. The method of Claim 77, wherein the foam-control device comprises a screen or mesh having a pore size between 200 and 400 micrometres.

80. The method of Claim 61, wherein the foam is delivered to the user through a funnel-shaped or tapered mouthpiece configured to stabilize foam flow.

81. A method of manufacturing an apparatus for generating an orally administrable foam, the method comprising: a. forming a liquid reservoir; b. forming a foaming device comprising an intake chamber, a foaming chamber, and an outlet chamber; c. providing an aeration mechanism configured to admit air into the foaming chamber; and d. combining the liquid reservoir, the foaming device, and the aeration mechanism within a housing, thereby producing a human-suction-powered apparatus for generating foam.

82. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the liquid reservoir comprises folding a sheet of flexible polymeric film into an M-shaped profile.

83. The method of Claim 82, further comprising heat-sealing side portions of the sheet to form sealed sidewalls of the reservoir.{00258854} 5984. The method of Claim 82, further comprising forming a weak membrane at a trough of the M-fold by thinning, perforating, scoring, or otherwise weakening the material.

85. The method of Claim 81, further comprising fdling the reservoir with a predetermined volume of liquid formulation.

86. The method of Claim 85, further comprising applying a closing seal by heat sealing two opposing edges of the reservoir.

87. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the foaming device comprises pattern sealing a portion of the reservoir fdm to define the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber.

88. The method of Claim 87, wherein pattern sealing comprises applying a patterned adhesive sheet, screen-printed adhesive, or heat-sealed pattern to the reservoir film.

89. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the foaming device comprises injection molding an integral structure including the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber.

90. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the foaming device comprises 3D printing one or more of the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber.

91. The method of any one of Claims 89 or 90, wherein forming the aeration mechanism comprises machining, drilling, molding, punching, or laser processing one or more airflow openings.

92. The method of Claim 81, wherein providing the aeration mechanism comprises inserting a porous matrix within the foaming chamber.

93. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the foaming device comprises a combination of injection molding, thermoforming, laminating, machining, or 3D printing.

94. The method of Claim 81, comprising forming a plurality of liquid reservoirs from a continuous sheet of flexible material.

95. The method of Claim 94, further comprising separating the reservoirs into individual reservoirs after sealing and fdling.

96. The method of Claim 81, further comprising inserting a reservoir-foaming device assembly into a tubular housing.

97. The method of Claim 96, further comprising attaching an inlet fdter and an outlet fdter to opposite ends of the housing.

98. The method of Claim 96, further comprising aligning at least one airflow opening of the foaming device with airflow channels in the housing.{00258854} 6099. The method of Claim 81, further comprising installing one or more modular components selected from airflow collars, outlet funnels, structural inserts, or reservoir pods.

100. The method of Claim 81, wherein forming the foaming device comprises integrating the intake chamber, foaming chamber, and outlet chamber directly into the reservoir film by pattern sealing.

101. A system for generating an orally administrable foam, comprising: a. an apparatus comprising a housing, a foaming device, and a mouthpiece in connection with the foaming device; and b. a liquid reservoir removably attachable to the foaming device of the apparatus such that the fluid reservoir, the foaming device and the mouthpiece to form a fluid channel permitting a fluid to pass through the foaming device from the reservoir to the mouthpiece upon application of suction at the mouthpiece by a user.

102. The system of Claim 101, further comprising a plurality of liquid reservoirs.

103. The system of Claim 102, wherein the plurality of liquid reservoirs comprise different formulations, viscosities, flavors, stabilizer concentrations, or active ingredients.

104. The system of Claim 101, wherein the at least one liquid reservoir comprises a sealed, replaceable pod.

105. The system of Claim 104, wherein the apparatus comprises an access port or quick-release mechanism enabling replacement of the reservoir pod.

106. The system of Claim 101, further comprising at least one interchangeable foaming device configured for installation within the apparatus.

107. The system of Claim 106, wherein the interchangeable foaming devices include venturi-based, porous-matrix-based, turbulence-enhancing, or hybrid foaming configurations.

108. The system of Claim 101, further comprising at least one interchangeable mouthpiece attachable to the outlet of the apparatus.

109. The system of Claim 108, wherein the interchangeable mouthpieces comprise differing internal geometries configured to produce different foam densities or textures.

110. The system of Claim 101, further comprising one or more airflowcontrol accessories configured to influence airflow patterns through the apparatus.{00258854} 61111. A kit for assembling an apparatus for generating an orally administrable foam, comprising: a. a reservoir; b. a mouthpiece; and c. a foaming assembly, comprising a housing and a foaming device, the foaming device adapted to be removably attachable to each of the reservoir and the mouthpiece to form a fluid channel permitting a fluid to pass through the foaming device from the reservoir to the mouthpiece upon application of suction at the mouthpiece by a user.

112. The kit of Claim 111, further comprising at least one replacement reservoir.

113. The kit of Claim 112, wherein the at least one replacement reservoir comprises different formulations, viscosities, flavors, or active ingredient concentrations.

114. The kit of Claim 111, further comprising at least one replacement mouthpiece.

115. The kit of Claim 114, wherein the replacement mouthpieces comprise different internal funnel or outlet geometries.

116. The kit of Claim 111, further comprising at least one alternative foaming device insert.

117. The kit of Claim 116, wherein the alternative foaming device inserts include porous matrices, venturi structures, or combined foaming elements.

118. The kit of Claim 111, further comprising one or more instructional materials or user guides describing assembly or operation of the apparatus.

119. The kit of Claim 111, further comprising one or more outer wrappings, packaging layers, or components configured to maintain cleanliness, sterility, or product integrity prior to use.

120. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 60 or Claim 125, wherein the apparatus contains no effervescent agents or chemical gasgeneration components configured to produce foam.

121. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 60 or Claim 125, wherein the apparatus is configured to produce a foam exhibiting a stability of at least 10 seconds under suction pressures below 20 kPa.

122. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 2 to 6, wherein liquid release from the reservoir is controlled cooperatively by a rupture threshold of the weak membrane and a geometry of the foaming device configured for suction-driven flow.{00258854} 62123. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 60 or Claim 125, wherein the foaming device is configured to generate bubbles and foam rather than an aerosol or mist.

124. The apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 60 or Claim 125, wherein the apparatus is configured as a disposable, single-use device containing a predetermined volume of liquid formulation.

125. An apparatus for generating an orally administrable foam, comprising a liquid reservoir and a foaming chamber configured such that foam generation occurs under human-applied suction, wherein the foaming chamber is dimensioned to produce a stable, small-bubble foam at suction pressures between -2 kPa and -20 kPa.{00258854} 63

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