Thermal management system and energy storage device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries. Provided are a thermal management system and an energy storage device. The thermal management system comprises a thermal management unit, a control apparatus, and a heat pipe, wherein the thermal management unit is used for regulating the temperature of a battery cell, the thermal management unit comprises a fluid line, and the fluid line is used for circulating a first heat-exchange working medium; and the heat pipe comprises a fluid channel, the fluid channel is used for circulating a second heat-exchange working medium, the second heat-exchange working medium is capable of undergoing a phase change in the fluid channel, the heat pipe connects the fluid line and the control apparatus, the first heat-exchange working medium exchanges heat with the second heat-exchange working medium, and the second heat-exchange working medium exchanges heat with the control apparatus.

Description

A thermal management system and energy storage device

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411734322.9, filed on November 29, 2024, entitled "A Thermal Management System and Energy Storage Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a thermal management system and energy storage device. Background Technology

[0004] Battery cells can be used to store or provide electrical energy, and they can be used in electrical devices, such as vehicles or energy storage devices.

[0005] In related technologies, thermal management systems are used to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells. The thermal management system includes a control device. In some cases, during the operation of the thermal management system, the control module of the control device will generate heat, and the control device will have a heat dissipation requirement; in other cases, the ambient temperature is lower than the operating temperature of the control module, and the control device will have a heating requirement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure aim to provide a thermal management system and energy storage device capable of regulating the temperature of a control device.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this disclosure embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0008] This disclosure provides a thermal management system, including:

[0009] The thermal management unit is used to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells. The thermal management unit includes fluid pipelines for circulating the first heat exchange medium.

[0010] Control device, used to control the operation of the thermal management system;

[0011] A heat pipe includes a fluid channel for circulating a second heat exchange medium, which can undergo a phase change within the fluid channel. The heat pipe connects a fluid pipeline and a control device. A first heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the second heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the control device.

[0012] The thermal management system provided in this embodiment uses a control device and a fluid pipeline as a heat source and a cold source, respectively. A heat pipe connects the fluid pipeline and the control device. The heat pipe utilizes the phase change process of a second heat exchange medium to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline and the control device. The heat transfer via the heat pipe is reversible. When the temperature of the control device is higher than that of the fluid pipeline, heat from the control device is conducted to the fluid pipeline, achieving heat dissipation and cooling of the control device; conversely, when the temperature of the fluid pipeline is higher than that of the control device, heat from the fluid pipeline is conducted to the control device, achieving heat dissipation and heating of the control device. With this design, the control device does not need to be equipped with a fan or ventilation holes for heat dissipation, reducing fan noise and improving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the housing. Compared to air-cooling methods using fans, heat pipes have good thermal conductivity, good thermal efficiency, and good isothermal properties. Using heat pipes to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline and the control device allows for more rapid temperature regulation of the control device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the control device includes a control box, which includes a heat spreader and a housing, the housing forming an assembly port, the heat spreader closing the assembly port, and a heat pipe connected to the heat spreader.

[0014] In this embodiment, the heat exchange plate can balance the temperature difference and increase the heat exchange area. The heat exchange plate can not only quickly transfer heat to the heat pipe, but also transfer some heat to the air source. It is not limited to heat exchange on the surface of the heat pipe. It has advantages such as strong heat dissipation capacity, small layout space, low cost and high reliability.

[0015] In some embodiments, the heat spreader includes a first heat spreader, a second heat spreader, and a connecting portion. The first heat spreader and the second heat spreader are both perpendicular to a first direction. The height of the first heat spreader in the first direction is higher than the height of the second heat spreader. The connecting portion connects the first heat spreader and the second heat spreader. A heat pipe is disposed in at least one of the first heat spreader, the connecting portion, and the second heat spreader.

[0016] In this embodiment, the first heat-spreading section and the second heat-spreading section have a height difference in the first direction. The heat-spreading plate is roughly Z-shaped. Without significantly increasing the installation space occupied by the control device, the area of ​​the heat-spreading plate can be increased by utilizing its spatial shape, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0017] In some embodiments, the heat pipe includes a first pipe section, a second pipe section, and a transition section. The first pipe section is disposed on the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section, the second pipe section is disposed on the outer surface of the second heat-spreading section, and the transition section is disposed on the outer surface of the connecting section and connects the first pipe section and the second pipe section.

[0018] In this embodiment, heat pipes are distributed on the outer surfaces of the first heat-spreading section, the connecting section, and the second heat-spreading section, which improves the ease of maintenance of the heat pipes. The heat pipes can be arranged in three-dimensional space, and the length of the heat pipes can be relatively long. The contact area between the heat pipes and the heat-spreading plate can be relatively large, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first pipe segment extends along the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section in a curved manner; and / or, the second pipe segment extends along the outer surface of the second heat-spreading section in a curved manner.

[0020] In this embodiment, the first pipe segment extends and bends along the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section. This allows the first pipe segment to be relatively long and the contact area between it and the first heat-spreading section to be relatively large, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The second pipe segment extends and bends along the outer surface of the second heat-spreading section. This allows the second pipe segment to be relatively long and the contact area between it and the second heat-spreading section to be relatively large, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0021] In some embodiments, the heat pipe contacts the heat spreader; or,

[0022] The thermal management system includes a first heat-conducting element, which is disposed between the heat pipe and the heat spreader.

[0023] In this embodiment, the heat pipe contacts the heat spreader. That is, the surface of the heat pipe is in direct contact with the surface of the heat spreader. This allows for direct heat conduction between the heat spreader and the heat pipe. A first heat-conducting element is disposed between the heat pipe and the heat spreader. In other words, the surface of the heat pipe and the surface of the heat spreader are not in direct contact; heat is conducted between the heat pipe and the heat spreader through the first heat-conducting element.

[0024] In some embodiments, the control device includes a control module;

[0025] The control module contacts the heat spreader; or, the thermal management system includes a second heat-conducting element disposed between the heat spreader and the control module.

[0026] In this embodiment, the control module contacts the heat spreader, meaning the control module is in direct contact with the surface of the heat spreader. This allows for direct heat conduction between the heat spreader and the control module. A second heat-conducting element is positioned between the heat spreader and the control module; that is, the control module and the surface of the heat spreader are not in direct contact, but heat is conducted between them through the second heat-conducting element.

[0027] In some embodiments, the control device includes a control box, and a heat pipe is disposed on the outer surface of the control box.

[0028] In this embodiment, the heat pipe is located outside the control box. On the one hand, the heat pipe will not occupy the space inside the control box, simplifying the structural layout inside the control box and facilitating the miniaturization design of the control box; on the other hand, it also facilitates the connection between the heat pipe and the fluid pipeline, reducing the assembly difficulty.

[0029] In some embodiments, the heat pipe extends along the outer surface of the control box in a curved manner.

[0030] In this embodiment, the heat pipe is a continuous pipe that extends in a curved manner. That is, the shape of the heat pipe is roughly along a curve. With the heat pipe occupying a small space, the contact area between the heat pipe and the control box is relatively large, which improves the heat exchange efficiency between the heat pipe and the control box.

[0031] In some embodiments, the heat pipe is bent to form an open slot, within which the fluid conduit is accommodated.

[0032] In this embodiment, the heat pipe is bent to form an open groove, and the fluid pipeline is accommodated in the open groove. The open groove not only facilitates the connection between the fluid pipeline and the heat pipe, but also increases the contact area between the heat pipe and the fluid pipeline.

[0033] In some embodiments, the number of opening slots is at least two, and the at least two opening slots are spaced apart along the extension direction of the fluid conduit.

[0034] In this embodiment, the walls of multiple open slots are in contact with the fluid pipeline. Thus, the parts of the open slots that are in contact with the fluid pipeline can be either cold or hot sources. Multiple locations on the heat pipe can undergo phase change simultaneously to improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0035] In some embodiments, the thermal management unit includes a refrigerant unit, which includes a refrigerant flow path for circulating refrigerant, the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path being used for heat exchange with the battery cells, and fluid lines including refrigerant lines in the refrigerant flow path.

[0036] In this embodiment, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the battery cells to lower or raise the temperature of the battery cells. Heat exchange between the refrigerant and the second heat exchange medium, using a heat pipe as a heat conduction structure, lowers or raises the temperature of the control device.

[0037] In some embodiments, the refrigerant unit includes a compressor, a heat exchange device, a throttling device, a heat exchange element, and a reversing device. The compressor, heat exchange device, throttling device, and heat exchange element are arranged in series in the refrigerant flow path. The reversing device is arranged in the refrigerant flow path to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange element is used to exchange heat with the air source. The heat exchange device is used to exchange heat with the battery cells. The heat pipe is arranged in the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the heat exchange device.

[0038] In this embodiment, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source is achieved through a heat exchanger, and heat exchange between the refrigerant and the battery cells is achieved through a heat exchange device. The refrigerant is used as an intermediate medium to facilitate heat exchange between the air source and the battery cells, thereby raising or lowering the temperature of the battery cells. The temperature of the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the heat exchange device is relatively stable and suitable. The heat pipe, located in the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the heat exchange device, is conducive to the stable phase change of the heat pipe.

[0039] In some embodiments, the thermal management unit includes:

[0040] Refrigerant unit, including refrigerant flow path for circulating refrigerant;

[0041] The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange flow path for circulating heat exchange fluid, the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path can exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path, and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path is used to exchange heat with the battery cells.

[0042] Fluid piping includes heat exchange piping in heat exchange flow paths, or fluid piping includes refrigerant piping in refrigerant flow paths.

[0043] In this embodiment, the temperature of the control device can be lowered or raised by utilizing the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the second heat exchange medium, or by utilizing the heat exchange fluid and the second heat exchange medium. Compared to the heat exchange fluid, the refrigerant has a larger latent heat and more stable properties; a smaller amount of refrigerant can absorb a large amount of heat, enabling rapid heat exchange with the heat exchange fluid. Compared to the refrigerant, the heat exchange fluid does not undergo a phase change, is stable, and has good temperature uniformity. The heat exchange fluid can more evenly regulate the temperature of the battery cells. Using a heat exchange unit to regulate the temperature of the battery cells is simpler in structure than using a refrigerant unit, reducing the complexity of pipeline layout.

[0044] In some embodiments, the thermal management unit includes a heat exchange structure, which includes a refrigerant channel and a heat exchange channel. The refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange plate and a liquid pump. The heat exchange plate is used to exchange heat with the battery cells. The heat exchange plate, the liquid pump, and the heat exchange channel are arranged in series in the heat exchange flow path.

[0045] The heat pipe is installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange channel and the liquid pump; or, the heat pipe is installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the liquid pump and the heat exchange plate; or, the heat pipe is installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange plate and the heat exchange channel.

[0046] In this embodiment, the heat pipe can be installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange channel and the liquid pump, or the heat pipe can be installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the liquid pump and the heat exchange plate, or the heat pipe can be installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange plate and the heat exchange channel. That is to say, the heat pipe is installed in the heat exchange pipeline between any two of the heat exchange channel, the liquid pump and the heat exchange plate. This makes full use of the relatively high specific heat capacity and relatively small temperature rise of the heat exchange fluid. The heat exchange pipeline can serve as a relatively stable heat source or cold source. In addition, the heat pipe installed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange plate and the heat exchange channel can also reduce the temperature impact on the refrigerant inside the heat exchange plate and reduce the impact on the heat exchange of the battery cells.

[0047] In some embodiments, the thermal management unit includes a heat exchange structure, which includes a refrigerant passage and a heat exchange passage. The heat exchange passage is used for the flow of heat exchange fluid. The refrigerant unit includes a compressor, a throttling device, a heat exchange element, and a reversing device. The compressor, refrigerant passage, throttling device, and heat exchange element are arranged in series in the refrigerant flow path. The reversing device is arranged in the refrigerant flow path to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange element is used for heat exchange with an air source. A heat pipe is arranged in the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the refrigerant passage.

[0048] In this embodiment, the refrigerant unit can generate heat or cool, and the heat exchange unit may not have a heater. The heat exchange fluid absorbs or releases heat by exchanging heat with the refrigerant to cool or heat up the battery cells.

[0049] This disclosure also provides an energy storage device, including:

[0050] At least two battery units, each battery unit comprising a single battery cell;

[0051] The cabinet has a battery compartment, in which the battery device is housed;

[0052] The thermal management system of any of the above uses a thermal management unit to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells.

[0053] The energy storage device provided in this disclosure includes the thermal management system provided in this disclosure, which has the same or corresponding beneficial effects as a single battery cell. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the thermal management system structure in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0056] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a heat pipe in one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the solid arrows schematically show the flow direction of the liquid second heat exchange medium, and the dashed arrows schematically show the flow direction of the gaseous second heat exchange medium.

[0057] Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the structure shown in Figure 2;

[0058] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of part of the structure in Figure 2;

[0059] Figure 6 is an explosion diagram of the structure shown in Figure 5;

[0060] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a first thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a second thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a third thermal management system in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0063] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a fourth thermal management system in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a fifth thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a sixth thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a seventh thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an eighth thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a ninth thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device in some embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The embodiments of the technical solutions disclosed herein will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions disclosed herein and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0071] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0072] In the description of the embodiments disclosed herein, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0073] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0074] It should be noted that in this disclosure, "at least two" includes two or more. "Multiple" includes two or more. "Above" refers to the direction towards the sky, and "below" is the opposite of "above," referring to the direction towards the ground. The first direction is represented by X.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 1. To facilitate understanding of the battery cell, battery device 100, energy storage device, and electrical device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, the battery cell, battery device 100, energy storage device, and electrical device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure will be introduced first.

[0076] The battery device 100 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure includes the battery cell in any of the embodiments of this disclosure. The thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this disclosure can be used in electrical appliances and energy storage devices.

[0077] The number of battery cells can be one or more, and the battery cells are used to provide voltage and capacity. Multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections through a busbar. The busbar is used to achieve electrical connection between at least two battery cells.

[0078] For example, hybrid connection refers to at least two battery cells that are connected in both series and parallel. At least two battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections; of course, at least two battery cells can also be first connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections to form a module, and the module can then be connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections to form a whole.

[0079] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.

[0080] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a lithium metal battery cell, a sodium metal battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a magnesium-ion battery cell, a nickel-metal hydride battery cell, a nickel-cadmium battery cell, or a lead-acid battery cell, etc., and the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to this.

[0081] A single battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, with the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrodes. During the charging and discharging process of a single battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0082] In some embodiments, the positive electrode can be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.

[0083] As an example, the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.

[0084] As an example, the positive current collector can be a metal foil, a conductive polymer material, a carbon material, or a composite current collector. For example, as a metal foil, pure metals, alloys, or surface-treated metals can be used, including but not limited to stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, or silver. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. The composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0085] As an example, the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds. However, this disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as battery positive electrode active materials may also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of lithium phosphate include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon composites. Examples of lithium transition metal oxides include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxide (such as LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (such as LiNiO2), lithium manganese oxide (such as LiMnO2, LiMn2O4), lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi). 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2 (also known as NCM) 333 LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3O2 (also known as NCM) 523 LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O2 (also known as NCM) 211 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (also known as NCM) 622 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2 (also known as NCM) 811 ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (such as LiNi) 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 At least one of O2 and its modified compounds. Modified compounds refer to substances obtained by modification methods such as doping or coating based on the above-mentioned substances.

[0086] In some embodiments, the negative electrode can be a negative electrode sheet, which may include a negative electrode current collector.

[0087] As an example, the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a conductive polymer material, a carbon material, or a composite current collector. For example, as a metal foil, pure metals, alloys, or surface-treated metals can be used, including but not limited to stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, or silver. The composite current collector may include a polymer material substrate and a metal layer. The composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0088] As an example, the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.

[0089] As an example, the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.

[0090] As an example, the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in battery cells. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc. Silicon-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys. Tin-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys. However, this disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for battery cells may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0091] In some embodiments, the negative electrode can be a foamed metal. The foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, or foamed carbon, etc. When foamed metal is used as the negative electrode sheet, the surface of the foamed metal may or may not have a negative electrode active material.

[0092] As an example, negative electrode active materials can be filled or / and deposited within the negative electrode current collector.

[0093] In some embodiments, the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the negative current collector can be made of copper.

[0094] In some embodiments, the separator is a separator membrane. This disclosure does not impose any particular limitation on the type of separator membrane; any known porous separator membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.

[0095] As an example, the main material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation. The separator can be a single component located between the positive and negative electrodes, or it can be attached to the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes. An inorganic particle coating, an organic particle coating, or an organic / inorganic composite coating can also be applied to the surface of the separator.

[0096] In some embodiments, the battery cell further includes an electrolyte, which is housed within the casing of the battery cell. The electrolyte serves to conduct active ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This disclosure does not impose specific limitations on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to requirements. The electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or solid.

[0097] Liquid electrolytes include electrolyte salts and solvents.

[0098] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt may be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.

[0099] In some embodiments, the solvent may be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, and diethyl sulfone. The solvent may also be an ether solvent. Ether solvents may include one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, and crown ethers.

[0100] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may optionally include additives. For example, additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain properties of the battery cell, such as additives that improve the overcharge / fast charge performance of the battery cell, additives that improve the high-temperature performance of the battery cell, and additives that improve the low-temperature performance of the battery cell.

[0101] The gel electrolyte includes a polymer as a backbone network and can be used in conjunction with an ionic liquid-lithium salt.

[0102] Solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.

[0103] As an example, the polymers of polymeric solid electrolytes may include polyethers (polyoxyethylene), polysiloxanes, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, monoionic polymers, polyionic liquids, cellulose, etc.

[0104] As an example, inorganic solid electrolytes can be one or more of the following: oxide solid electrolytes (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film), sulfide solid electrolytes (crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides), halide solid electrolytes, nitride solid electrolytes, and hydride solid electrolytes.

[0105] As an example, composite solid electrolytes are formed by adding inorganic solid electrolyte fillers to polymer solid electrolytes.

[0106] The electrode assembly can be a wound structure, a stacked structure, or a hybrid structure of wound and stacked.

[0107] In some implementations, the electrode assembly is a wound structure. The positive and negative electrode sheets are wound into a wound structure.

[0108] In some implementations, the electrode assembly is a stacked structure.

[0109] As an example, multiple positive and negative electrodes can be set, and multiple positive and multiple negative electrodes can be stacked alternately.

[0110] As an example, multiple positive electrode plates can be provided, and negative electrode plates can be folded to form multiple stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode plate sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.

[0111] As an example, both the positive and negative electrode plates are folded to form multiple stacked folded segments.

[0112] As an example, multiple separators can be provided, each positioned between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates.

[0113] As an example, the separators can be continuously arranged, either by folding or rolling between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates.

[0114] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.

[0115] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is provided with tabs that allow current to be drawn from the electrode assembly. The tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.

[0116] In some embodiments, the battery cell may include a casing. The casing may be a steel casing, an aluminum casing, a plastic casing (such as a polypropylene casing), a composite metal casing (such as a copper-aluminum composite casing), or an aluminum-plastic film, etc. In some embodiments, the casing may be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure. As an example, when the casing is a non-sealed structure, the casing serves to protect the electrode assembly, and a sealing bag is included between the casing and the electrode assembly to encapsulate the electrode assembly and electrolyte. Specifically, the sealing bag may be a bag-shaped insulating component or an aluminum-plastic film. When the casing is a sealed structure, it is used to encapsulate components such as the electrode assembly and electrolyte.

[0117] As an example, the battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes. Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries. This disclosure does not impose any particular limitations.

[0118] In some embodiments, the housing includes an end cap and a housing, the housing having an opening, and the end cap covering the opening. The housing may have one or more openings. The end cap may also have one or more.

[0119] In some embodiments, at least one electrode terminal is provided on the housing, and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab. The electrode terminal can be directly connected to the tab, or it can be indirectly connected to the tab through a current collector. The electrode terminal can be provided on the end cap or on the housing.

[0120] In some embodiments, a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the casing. The pressure relief mechanism is used to release the internal gas of the battery cell.

[0121] As an example, the internal pressure or temperature of a battery cell is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature when it reaches a predetermined threshold. When the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches the predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is activated or a weak structure in the pressure relief mechanism is broken, thereby creating an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released. The threshold design varies depending on the design requirements. The threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator in the battery cell.

[0122] In some embodiments, a battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0123] The battery device 100 mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity.

[0124] As an example, a battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0125] In some embodiments, the battery device 100 may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and one or more individual battery cell assemblies housed within the housing.

[0126] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which can be housed in a housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0127] As an example, battery cell assemblies can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple battery cells to the housing.

[0128] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the individual battery cells. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0129] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, forming an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery cell assembly. Embodiments of this disclosure provide an electrical device including a battery cell and a thermal management system according to any embodiment of this disclosure, wherein the battery cell is used to store or provide electrical energy.

[0130] Electrical equipment includes, but is not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, or spacecraft. Vehicles can include electric vehicles and electric cars, electric toys can include electric vehicles and electric cars, etc., and there are stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0131] Referring to Figure 16, this disclosure provides an energy storage device, including a cabinet 210, at least two battery devices 100, and a thermal management system according to any embodiment of this disclosure. Each battery device 100 includes a single battery cell, the cabinet 210 has a battery compartment, and the battery device 100 is housed within the battery compartment; the thermal management unit is used to regulate the temperature of the single battery cell.

[0132] The cabinet 210 can provide protection for the battery device. The shape of the cabinet 210 is not limited; for example, the cabinet 210 can be hexahedral, such as cuboid or cube, etc.

[0133] Energy storage devices can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage devices can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, energy storage devices can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours.

[0134] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 1. An example of an embodiment of this disclosure using a vehicle 1000 as the electrical device will be described below. The description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0136] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure. The vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. As shown in Figure 1, a battery device 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery device 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300. The controller 200 is used to control the battery device 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0137] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the battery device 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0138] In related technologies, to dissipate heat from the control module of a control device, fans and ventilation holes are typically installed on the side walls of the control device's housing, and fins are installed on the control module to increase the heat dissipation area. These heat dissipation fins use a significant amount of aluminum, resulting in a large volume and high cost. The fan's rotation creates airflow between the inside of the housing and the external environment to achieve heat dissipation. However, this fan-and-fin air-cooling method has low heat dissipation efficiency and is greatly affected by ambient temperature. Especially in high-temperature environments, the control device generates a large amount of heat, but the high ambient temperature reduces the heat dissipation effect, causing the operating temperature of the electronic components in the control module to rise continuously or the thermal equilibrium temperature to become too high, affecting the lifespan of the electronic components. Furthermore, the fan and fins occupy a large space inside the housing, and the fan's short lifespan necessitates frequent fan replacements, leading to high maintenance costs.

[0139] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a thermal management system, which includes a thermal management unit, a control device, and a heat pipe. The thermal management unit is used to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells, and the control device is used to control the operation of the thermal management system. The thermal management unit includes a fluid pipeline for flowing a first heat exchange medium. The heat pipe includes a fluid channel for flowing a second heat exchange medium, which is capable of undergoing a phase change within the fluid channel. The heat pipe connects the fluid pipeline and the control device. The first heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the second heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the control device.

[0140] The thermal management system provided in this embodiment uses a control device and a fluid pipeline as a heat source and a cold source, respectively. A heat pipe connects the fluid pipeline and the control device. The heat pipe utilizes the phase change process of a second heat exchange medium to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline and the control device. The heat transfer via the heat pipe is reversible. When the temperature of the control device is higher than that of the fluid pipeline, heat from the control device is conducted to the fluid pipeline, achieving heat dissipation and cooling of the control device; conversely, when the temperature of the fluid pipeline is higher than that of the control device, heat from the fluid pipeline is conducted to the control device, achieving heat dissipation and heating of the control device. With this design, the control device does not need to be equipped with a fan or ventilation holes for heat dissipation, reducing fan noise and improving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the housing. Compared to air-cooling methods using fans, heat pipes have good thermal conductivity, good thermal efficiency, and good isothermal properties. Using heat pipes to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline and the control device allows for more rapid temperature regulation of the control device.

[0141] The thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. The thermal management system includes a thermal management unit 1, a control device 2, and a heat pipe 3.

[0142] Please refer to Figure 2. The thermal management unit 1 is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells. The thermal management unit 1 includes a fluid pipeline 11, which is used to circulate the first heat exchange medium.

[0143] Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. The heat pipe 3 includes a fluid channel 3a for circulating a second heat exchange medium. The second heat exchange medium can undergo a phase change within the fluid channel 3a. The heat pipe 3 connects the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The first heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the second heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the control device 2.

[0144] Control device 2 is used to control the operation of the thermal management system and to provide control functions. For example, control device 2 can be used to control thermal management unit 1.

[0145] Fluid pipeline 11 is a pipe structure used to flow the first heat exchange medium.

[0146] There is a temperature difference between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The heat pipe 3 connects the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2 to realize heat conduction between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2.

[0147] The second heat transfer medium can undergo a phase change within the fluid channel 3a, that is, the latent heat of vaporization and latent heat of condensation of the second heat transfer medium can be used to achieve rapid heat transfer.

[0148] Please refer to Figure 3. The working principle of heat pipe 3 is as follows: the part of heat pipe 3 connected to the heat source is the evaporation section 3d, and the part of heat pipe 3 connected to the cold source is the condensation section 3c. The second heat exchange medium in the evaporation section 3d absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state. The gaseous second heat exchange medium flows to the condensation section 3c under the action of pressure difference, where the cold source carries away the heat and condenses it into a liquid state. The liquid second heat exchange medium flows back to the evaporation section 3d along the wall of the fluid channel 3a. This cycle is repeated, continuously transferring heat from the heat source to the cold source. In this disclosure, one of the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2 is a heat source, and the other is a cold source.

[0149] When the control device 2 acts as a heat source requiring heat dissipation, and the fluid pipeline 11 acts as a cold source, the connection between the heat pipe 3 and the fluid pipeline 11 is the condensation section 3c, and the connection between the heat pipe 3 and the control device 2 is the evaporation section 3d. The heat from the control device 2 is conducted to the fluid pipeline 11 through the heat pipe 3, thus achieving heat dissipation for the control device 2.

[0150] When the control device 2 acts as a cold source and needs to absorb heat, and the fluid pipeline 11 acts as a heat source, the connection between the heat pipe 3 and the fluid pipeline 11 is the evaporation section 3d, and the connection between the heat pipe 3 and the control device 2 is the condensation section 3c. The heat from the fluid pipeline 11 is conducted to the control device 2 through the heat pipe 3, thereby heating the control device 2.

[0151] The thermal management system provided in this embodiment uses a control device 2 and a fluid pipeline 11, one of which serves as a heat source and the other as a cold source. A heat pipe 3 connects the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The heat pipe 3 utilizes the phase change process of a second heat exchange medium to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The heat transfer through the heat pipe 3 is reversible. When the temperature of the control device 2 is higher than that of the fluid pipeline 11, the heat from the control device 2 is conducted to the fluid pipeline 11, achieving heat dissipation and cooling of the control device 2. Conversely, when the temperature of the fluid pipeline 11 is higher than that of the control device 2, the heat from the fluid pipeline 11 is conducted to the control device 2, achieving heat dissipation and heating of the control device 2. With this design, the control device 2 does not need to be equipped with a fan or ventilation holes for heat dissipation, reducing fan noise and improving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the housing 212. Compared to air-cooling methods using fans, the heat pipe 3 has good thermal conductivity, good thermal efficiency, and good isothermal properties. Utilizing the heat pipe 3 to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2 allows for more rapid temperature regulation of the control device 2.

[0152] It should be noted that the first and second heat exchange media can be the same fluid or different fluids, and the specific type of fluid can be selected according to the requirements.

[0153] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the wall of the fluid channel 3a may form a capillary structure 301, and the capillary force generated by the capillary structure 301 causes the liquid second heat exchange medium to move.

[0154] In this embodiment, the gaseous second heat exchange medium flows through the middle region of the fluid channel 3a to the condensation section 3c under the action of pressure difference. The heat is taken away by the cold source and condenses into a liquid state. The liquid second heat exchange medium flows back to the evaporation section 3d along the wall of the fluid channel 3a under the capillary action of the capillary structure 301. This cycle is repeated to continuously transfer the heat from the heat source to the cold source.

[0155] The form of the capillary structure 301 is not limited, and the capillary structure 301 may include at least one of grooves, wire mesh, sintered powder metal, and fibers. The liquid second heat exchange medium flows under the capillary action of at least one of the grooves, wire mesh, sintered powder metal, and fibers.

[0156] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the heat pipe 3 includes an insulating section 3e, which connects the evaporation section 3d and the condensation section 3c. The insulating section 3e does not contact the cold source or the heat source, and is used to reduce the influence of the external environment on the internal temperature field distribution of the heat pipe 3.

[0157] The structure of the heat pipe 3 is not limited. Exemplarily, in some embodiments, the heat pipe 3 includes a shell and a cap. The shell is a tubular structure with a hollow interior and an open end. The cap can close the end opening of the shell. The shell and the cap together define a fluid channel 3a. During the manufacturing process of the heat pipe 3, a second heat exchange medium can be injected into the shell through the end opening, and the fluid channel 3a can be evacuated to a vacuum state. Finally, the end opening of the shell is closed by the cap.

[0158] The second heat exchange medium is a flowable fluid, including but not limited to pure water, ethanol, or methanol. The type of second heat exchange medium can be selected according to different temperature requirements.

[0159] Understandably, the material of the shell and tube can be selected based on the type of the second heat exchange medium. For example, if the second heat exchange medium is pure water, the material of the shell and tube can be copper.

[0160] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 and 4, the control device 2 includes a control box 21, and a heat pipe 3 is disposed on the outer surface of the control box 21.

[0161] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 is located outside the control box 21. On the one hand, the heat pipe 3 will not occupy the space inside the control box 21, simplifying the structural layout inside the control box 21 and facilitating the miniaturization design of the control box 21. On the other hand, it also facilitates the connection between the heat pipe 3 and the fluid pipeline 11, reducing the assembly difficulty.

[0162] In some embodiments, see Figures 2 and 4, the heat pipe 3 extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the control box 21.

[0163] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 is a continuous pipe that extends in a curved manner. That is, the shape of the heat pipe 3 is roughly along a curve. With the heat pipe 3 occupying a small space, the contact area between the heat pipe 3 and the control box 21 is relatively large, which improves the heat exchange efficiency between the heat pipe 3 and the control box 21.

[0164] In some embodiments, see Figures 5 and 6, the heat pipe 3 is bent to form an opening groove 3b, and the fluid conduit 11 is accommodated within the opening groove 3b.

[0165] The opening groove 3b is generally U-shaped, and for example, the fluid conduit 11 can enter the opening groove 3b through the opening. The surface of the fluid conduit 11 can contact the wall of the opening groove 3b.

[0166] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 is bent to form an open groove 3b, and the fluid pipe 11 is accommodated in the open groove 3b. The open groove 3b not only facilitates the connection between the fluid pipe 11 and the heat pipe 3, but also increases the contact area between the heat pipe 3 and the fluid pipe 11.

[0167] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the number of opening slots 3b is at least two, and the at least two opening slots 3b are spaced apart along the extension direction of the fluid conduit 11.

[0168] In this embodiment, the walls of multiple open slots 3b are in contact with the fluid pipeline 11. Thus, the parts of the open slots 3b that are in contact with the fluid pipeline 11 can be either cold or hot sources. Multiple positions of the heat pipe 3 can undergo phase change simultaneously to improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0169] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the opening of the slot 3b faces downward and rests against the fluid conduit 11. This design allows the fluid conduit 11 to provide upward support to the heat pipe 3, improving the stability of the connection between the fluid conduit 11 and the heat pipe 3.

[0170] The connection method between the heat pipe 3 and the fluid conduit 11 is not limited. For example, the heat pipe 3 can be non-detachably connected to the fluid conduit 11 or detachably connected. For instance, the heat pipe 3 and the fluid conduit 11 can be connected by at least one of welding, bonding, and fitting. Fitting refers to the connection method in which the heat pipe 3 abuts against other structural components.

[0171] The connection method between the heat pipe 3 and the control box 21 is not limited. For example, the heat pipe 3 can be non-detachably connected to the control box 21 or detachably connected. For example, the heat pipe 3 and the fluid pipeline 11 can be connected by at least one of welding, bonding and attaching.

[0172] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 6. The control device 2 includes a control box 21, which includes a heat spreader 211 and a box body 212. The box body 212 forms an assembly port 212a, and the heat spreader 211 closes the assembly port 212a. The heat pipe 3 is connected to the heat spreader 211.

[0173] The heat spreader 211 has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the box body 212.

[0174] The heat spreader 211 closes the assembly opening 212a, meaning that the heat spreader 211 is installed on the box body 212 and can replace part of the wall surface of the box body 212.

[0175] In this embodiment, the heat exchange plate 211 can balance the temperature difference and increase the heat exchange area. The heat exchange plate 211 can not only quickly transfer heat to the heat pipe 3, but also transfer some heat to the air source. It is not limited to heat exchange on the surface of the heat pipe 3. It has advantages such as strong heat dissipation capacity, small layout space, low cost and high reliability.

[0176] The heat spreader 211 and the housing 212 can be detachably or non-detachably connected. For example, the heat spreader 211 and the housing 212 can be connected non-detachably by bonding or welding. For example, the heat spreader 211 and the housing 212 can be connected detachably by screws or bolts.

[0177] In some embodiments, the heat spreader 211 can seal the assembly port 212a, which improves the dustproof and waterproof performance of the housing 212.

[0178] In some embodiments, the housing 212 has a sealing portion surrounding the assembly opening 212a, and the heat spreader 211 and the sealing portion are sealed together. For example, the heat spreader 211 and the sealing portion are welded or bonded together. In this way, impurities such as dust and sewage can be prevented from entering the placement cavity through the assembly gap between the heat spreader 211 and the housing 212.

[0179] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 to 6, the control device 2 includes a first seal 23, which is clamped between the heat spreader 211 and the sealing portion. The first seal 23 may be closed-loop in shape and surround the assembly opening 212a. Thus, the elastic deformation of the first seal 23 achieves a sealed connection between the heat spreader 211 and the sealing portion.

[0180] The material of the first seal 23 is not limited. For example, the first seal 23 can be made of a flexible material, which refers to a material that can undergo tensile deformation and / or bending deformation and can recover its deformation. For example, the first seal 23 can be made of silicone, rubber and / or foam, etc.

[0181] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 through 6, the heat pipe 3 extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the heat spreader 211. Exemplarily, the heat pipe 3 can be manufactured into a curved pipe using a bending process.

[0182] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 is disposed on the outer surface of the heat spreader 211, which avoids the heat pipe 3 occupying space inside the housing 212. The heat pipe 3 extends and bends along the outer surface of the heat spreader 211, which not only effectively increases the length of the heat pipe 3 and the contact area with the heat spreader 211, thereby extending the heat exchange time and increasing the heat exchange capacity, but also allows for free arrangement according to the spatial layout of the control module 22, and can be compatible with the heat dissipation and heating requirements of various spatially arranged electronic components.

[0183] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 6. The heat spreader 211 includes a first heat spreader 2111, a second heat spreader 2112, and a connecting portion 2113. The first heat spreader 2111 and the second heat spreader 2112 are both perpendicular to the first direction X. The height of the first heat spreader 2111 in the first direction X is higher than the height of the second heat spreader 2112. The connecting portion 2113 connects the first heat spreader 2111 and the second heat spreader 2112. The heat pipe 3 is disposed in at least one of the first heat spreader 2111, the connecting portion 2113, and the second heat spreader 2112.

[0184] The first heat-spreading section 2111 and the second heat-spreading section 2112 are both perpendicular to the first direction X, meaning that the thickness direction of the first heat-spreading section 2111 and the thickness direction of the second heat-spreading section 2112 are both consistent with the first direction X.

[0185] The height of the first heat-spreading section 2111 in the first direction X is greater than the height of the second heat-spreading section 2112, meaning that the distance between the first heat-spreading section 2111 and the second heat-spreading section 2112 in the first direction X is greater than zero.

[0186] In some embodiments, the heat pipe 3 is disposed in one of the first heat spreader 2111, the connecting portion 2113, and the second heat spreader 2112. For example, the heat pipe 3 is distributed in the first heat spreader 2111. As another example, the heat pipe 3 is distributed in the second heat spreader 2112.

[0187] In some embodiments, heat pipes 3 are disposed in two of the first heat spreader 2111, the connecting portion 2113, and the second heat spreader 2112. For example, heat pipes 3 are distributed in both the first heat spreader 2111 and the connecting portion 2113.

[0188] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 to 6, heat pipes 3 are disposed in three of the first heat-spreading section 2111, the connecting section 2113, and the second heat-spreading section 2112. That is, heat pipes 3 are distributed in all three of the first heat-spreading section 2111, the connecting section 2113, and the second heat-spreading section 2112.

[0189] In this embodiment, the first heat-spreading section 2111 and the second heat-spreading section 2112 have a height difference in the first direction X. The heat-spreading plate 211 is roughly Z-shaped. Without significantly increasing the installation space occupied by the control device 2, the area of ​​the heat-spreading plate 211 can be increased by utilizing the spatial shape of the heat-spreading plate 211, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0190] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 6, the first heat spreader 2111 may have a generally flat plate structure. The first heat spreader 2111 has a simple shape and is easy to manufacture.

[0191] A flat plate structure refers to a structure in which the two surfaces along the thickness direction are approximately planar.

[0192] In some embodiments, referring to FIG6, the connecting portion 2113 may be generally flat. For example, the connecting portion 2113 may be generally parallel to the first direction X, that is, the thickness direction of the connecting portion 2113 is perpendicular to the first direction X. The connecting portion 2113 has a simple shape and is easy to manufacture.

[0193] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 6, the second heat dissipation section 2112 may have a generally flat plate structure. The second heat dissipation section 2112 has a simple shape and is easy to manufacture.

[0194] In some embodiments, the heat spreader 211 can be a one-piece molded structure. That is, the heat spreader 211 can be manufactured using a one-piece molding process. For example, the heat spreader 211 can be formed using sheet metal processing or casting processes, etc.

[0195] In some embodiments, the heat spreader 211 can be made of a material with good heat transfer performance. For example, the heat spreader 211 can be made of a metal material or a non-metal material with a high thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy and / or aluminum.

[0196] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 6. The heat pipe 3 includes a first pipe section 31, a second pipe section 32 and a transition section 33. The first pipe section 31 is disposed on the outer surface of the first heat dissipation section 2111, the second pipe section 32 is disposed on the outer surface of the second heat dissipation section 2112, and the transition section 33 is disposed on the outer surface of the connecting section 2113 and connects the first pipe section 31 and the second pipe section 32.

[0197] In this embodiment, heat pipes 3 are distributed on the outer surfaces of the first heat-spreading section 2111, the connecting section 2113, and the second heat-spreading section 2112, which improves the ease of maintenance of heat pipes 3. Heat pipes 3 can be arranged in three-dimensional space, and the length of heat pipes 3 can be relatively long. The contact area between heat pipes 3 and heat spreader 211 can be relatively large, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0198] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 to 6, the first pipe segment 31 extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section 2111. Thus, the length of the first pipe segment 31 can be relatively long, and the contact area between the first pipe segment 31 and the first heat-spreading section 2111 can be relatively large, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0199] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 to 6, the second pipe segment 32 extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the second heat exchange portion 2112. Thus, the length of the second pipe segment 32 can be relatively long, and the contact area between the second pipe segment 32 and the second heat exchange portion 2112 can be relatively large, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0200] In some embodiments, the first pipe section 31, the second pipe section 32, and the transition section 33 can be integrally formed. That is, the first pipe section 31, the second pipe section 32, and the transition section 33 can be manufactured using an integral forming process. This reduces the assembly process of the first pipe section 31, the second pipe section 32, and the transition section 33, and also provides good sealing performance.

[0201] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 to 6, the heat pipe 3 is a flat tube. A flat tube refers to a flow cross-section whose dimension in one direction is larger than its dimensions in other directions. The shape of the flow cross-section of a flat tube includes, but is not limited to, elliptical or rectangular shapes. In this way, the heat pipe 3 occupies less space, and the heat exchange area between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211 is larger.

[0202] The flow cross-section of a flat tube is a surface perpendicular to the flow velocity cluster, such as the heat exchange fluid, and also refers to the cross-section of fluid channel 3a.

[0203] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 to 6, the heat pipe 3 contacts the heat spreader 211. That is, the surface of the heat pipe 3 is in direct contact with the surface of the heat spreader 211. In this way, heat conduction can be directly performed between the heat spreader 211 and the heat pipe 3.

[0204] As an example, heat pipe 3 can be welded to heat spreader 211. No first heat-conducting element is provided between heat pipe 3 and heat spreader 211.

[0205] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a first heat-conducting element disposed between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211. That is, the surface of the heat pipe 3 and the surface of the heat spreader 211 do not directly contact each other, and heat is conducted between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211 through the first heat-conducting element.

[0206] As an example, the first thermally conductive component can be thermally conductive adhesive. The thermally conductive adhesive can both bond the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211 and also facilitate heat conduction.

[0207] As an example, the first heat-conducting component can be a thermal pad. The thermal pad can be a separate component, meaning that it can be manufactured separately and then assembled between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211. For example, the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211 can clamp the thermal pad.

[0208] In this embodiment, the first heat-conducting element is used to reduce the thermal resistance of the heat exchange interface between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211, so that heat can be transferred between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211 in the form of thermal conduction.

[0209] In some embodiments, the control device 2 includes a control module 22 that contacts the heat spreader 211. That is, the control module 22 is in direct contact with the surface of the heat spreader 211. This allows for direct heat conduction between the heat spreader 211 and the control module 22.

[0210] As an example, the control module 22 can be pressed against the heat spreader 211. No second heat-conducting element is provided between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211.

[0211] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a second heat-conducting element disposed between the heat spreader 211 and the control module 22. That is, the surfaces of the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211 do not directly contact each other, and heat is conducted between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211 through the second heat-conducting element.

[0212] As an example, the second thermally conductive component can be thermally conductive adhesive. The thermally conductive adhesive can both bond the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211, and also serve to conduct heat.

[0213] As an example, the second heat-conducting component can be a thermal pad. The thermal pad can be a separate component, meaning that it can be manufactured separately and then assembled between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211. For example, the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211 can clamp the thermal pad together.

[0214] In this embodiment, the second heat-conducting element is used to reduce the thermal resistance of the heat exchange interface between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211, so that heat can be transferred between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211 in the form of thermal conduction.

[0215] The method of fixing the thermal pad is not limited. The thermal pad can be fixed to the heat spreader 211 by glue or buckles, or it can be fixed by the clamping force between the heat pipe 3 and the heat spreader 211, or by the clamping force between the control module 22 and the heat spreader 211.

[0216] Thermal pads can be made of materials with good thermal conductivity. For example, thermal pads can be made of non-metallic materials with high thermal conductivity, such as silicone resin.

[0217] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 4 to 6, the control module 22 includes a first circuit board 221 and a second circuit board 222. Both the first circuit board 221 and the second circuit board 222 are perpendicular to a first direction X. The height of the first circuit board 221 in the first direction X is higher than the height of the second circuit board 222. Taking the plane perpendicular to the first direction X as the projection plane, the projection of the first circuit board 221 and the projection of the first heat dissipation part 2111 at least partially overlap, and the projection of the second circuit board 222 and the projection of the second heat dissipation part 2112 at least partially overlap.

[0218] The first circuit board 221 and the second circuit board 222 are both perpendicular to the first direction X, meaning that the thickness direction of the first circuit board 221 and the thickness direction of the second circuit board 222 are both consistent with the first direction X.

[0219] The first circuit board 221 and the second circuit board 222 are separate from each other, that is, the first circuit board 221 and the second circuit board 222 are two separable boards.

[0220] In this embodiment, the height of the first circuit board 221 in the first direction X is higher than the height of the second circuit board 222. In this way, the first circuit board 221 and the second circuit board 222 can be arranged with different types of electronic components separately, realizing the partitioned arrangement of electronic components.

[0221] In some embodiments, the second circuit board 222 may be thermally connected to the second heat spreader 2112. For example, the second circuit board 222 may contact the second heat spreader 2112, or the second circuit board 222 and the second heat spreader 2112 may sandwich the second heat conductor. That is, heat is transferred between the second circuit board 222 and the second heat spreader 2112 primarily through thermal conduction.

[0222] A heat transfer connection refers to two structural components that are in direct contact or indirectly connected through a second heat-conducting component, so that heat can be conducted between the two structural components.

[0223] In some embodiments, the target device disposed on the first circuit board 221 can be thermally connected to the first heat spreader 2111. For example, the target device contacts the first heat spreader 2111, or the first heat spreader 2111 and the target device disposed on the first circuit board 221 sandwich a second heat-conducting element. That is, heat is mainly transferred between the target device disposed on the first circuit board 221 and the second heat spreader 2112 through thermal conduction.

[0224] In some embodiments, the control module 22 includes a target device, which may be disposed on the first circuit board 221 or the second circuit board 222. The target device is a device whose temperature needs to be regulated.

[0225] Target devices include, but are not limited to, frequency converters, capacitors integrated on DC-DC converters, CPUs (Central Processing Units), switching components, and IGBTs (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors).

[0226] In this embodiment, the target device generates a large amount of heat during operation, and the target device is set on the first circuit board 221 or the second circuit board 222, which is beneficial for heat exchange.

[0227] The first circuit board 221 can house the target device for low-voltage driving, and the second circuit board 222 can house the target device for high-voltage driving. For example, a frequency converter, DC-DC converter, IGBT, switching components, and CPU can all be housed on the second circuit board 222. Resistors and other components in the control circuit can be housed on the first circuit board 221. With this arrangement, the target devices for low-voltage driving and high-voltage driving are separately housed on the separate first circuit board 221 and second circuit board 222, which not only reduces signal interference but also facilitates the arrangement of target devices within the limited space of the control box, meeting the miniaturization requirements of the control device 2.

[0228] In some embodiments, please refer to FIG4. The box body 212 includes a box body 2121 and a cover 2122. The box body 2121 forms an assembly port 212a and an installation port on two opposite sidewalls along the first direction X, respectively. The cover 2122 seals and closes the installation port to jointly define the placement cavity. The control module 22 is located in the placement cavity, and the assembly port 212a communicates with the placement cavity.

[0229] In some exemplary embodiments, referring to FIG4, the control device 2 includes a second seal 24, which is sealed and clamped between the cover 2122 and the box body 2121. Thus, the sealing connection between the cover 2122 and the box body 2121 is achieved by the elastic deformation of the second seal 24.

[0230] The material of the second seal 24 is not limited. For example, the second seal 24 can be made of a flexible material, which refers to a material that can undergo tensile deformation and / or bending deformation and can recover its deformation. For example, the second seal 24 can be made of silicone, rubber and / or foam, etc.

[0231] The box body 2121 and the cover 2122 can be detachably connected. This facilitates the maintenance and repair of the control module 22. For example, the box body 2121 and the cover 2122 can be connected by at least one of the following methods: snap-fit, screw connection, and bolt connection.

[0232] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 7, the thermal management unit 1 includes a refrigerant unit 12, which includes a refrigerant flow path 121 for circulating refrigerant. The refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells. The fluid pipeline 11 includes a refrigerant pipeline 1211 in the refrigerant flow path 121. That is, the second heat exchange medium includes refrigerant.

[0233] Refrigerant is a flowable fluid. It can be a fluid that easily absorbs heat to become a gas and easily releases heat to become a liquid. Refrigerant can undergo phase changes after absorbing or releasing heat. For example, refrigerants include, but are not limited to, fluorides (such as HFC refrigerants) or HC hydrocarbon refrigerants, etc.

[0234] Refrigerant flow path 121 is the flow path of the refrigerant. The refrigerant can circulate in refrigerant flow path 121.

[0235] Refrigerant pipe 1211 is a pipe structure used to flow refrigerant.

[0236] In this embodiment, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant and the battery cells to lower or raise the temperature of the battery cells. Heat exchange between the refrigerant and the second heat exchange medium, using heat pipe 3 as a heat-conducting structure, lowers or raises the temperature of the control device 2.

[0237] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7. The refrigerant unit 12 includes a compressor 122, a heat exchange device 123, a throttling device 124, a heat exchange element 125, and a reversing device 126. The compressor 122, the heat exchange device 123, the throttling device 124, and the heat exchange element 125 are connected in series in the refrigerant flow path 121. The reversing device 126 is disposed in the refrigerant flow path 121 to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121. The heat exchange element 125 is used for heat exchange with the air source. The heat exchange device 123 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells. The heat pipe 3 is disposed in the refrigerant pipeline 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123.

[0238] Compressor 122 is used to compress and circulate refrigerant, and can convert low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.

[0239] The heat exchange device 123 is a device that allows refrigerant to flow and enables heat exchange between the refrigerant and the battery cells.

[0240] The throttling device 124 is a device that allows refrigerant to flow and throttles and reduces the pressure of the refrigerant.

[0241] The heat exchanger 125 is a device that allows refrigerant to circulate and enables heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source.

[0242] The reversing device 126 is used to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121. For example, when the refrigerant flows in the forward direction in the refrigerant flow path 121, the refrigerant can flow out from the outlet of the compressor 122 and flow sequentially through the heat exchange device 123, the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange element 125, and then flow back into the compressor 122 through the suction port of the compressor 122. When the reversing device 126 switches the refrigerant flow direction to the reverse direction, the refrigerant flows in the reverse direction in the refrigerant flow path 121. The refrigerant can flow out from the outlet of the compressor 122 and flow sequentially through the heat exchange element 125, the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123, and then flow back into the compressor 122 through the suction port of the compressor 122.

[0243] It is understandable that forward and reverse are two opposite flow directions of the refrigerant in refrigerant flow path 121.

[0244] The working principle of refrigerant unit 12 in regulating the temperature of individual battery cells is as follows:

[0245] When the battery cells need to be heated, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 122 enters the heat exchange device 123 through the reversing device 126. The refrigerant in the heat exchange device 123 releases heat to the battery cells, and the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is converted into high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 124, which throttles and depressurizes the high-pressure liquid refrigerant, converting it into a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture. The heat exchanger 125 exchanges heat between the low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture and the air source, causing the low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture to be converted into low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows back to the compressor 122, and the compressor 122 draws in the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant through its suction port. This cycle repeats continuously, achieving the heating of the battery cells.

[0246] When the battery cells need cooling, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 122 enters the heat exchanger 125 through the reversing device 126. The refrigerant in the heat exchanger 125 releases heat to the air source, transforming the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant into high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 124, which reduces the pressure and transforms it into a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture. The heat exchanger 123 exchanges heat between the low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture and the battery cells, allowing the mixture to absorb heat from the battery cells and transform into low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. This low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows back to the compressor 122, which draws it in through its suction port. This cycle repeats continuously, achieving the cooling of the battery cells.

[0247] The heat pipe 3 is installed in the refrigerant pipe 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123. The refrigerant pipe 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123 serves as a heat source or a cold source. Heat conduction between the refrigerant pipe 1211 and the control device 2 is achieved through the heat pipe 3.

[0248] In this embodiment, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source is achieved through the heat exchanger 125, and heat exchange between the refrigerant and the battery cells is achieved through the heat exchange device 123. The refrigerant is used as an intermediate medium to achieve heat exchange between the air source and the battery cells, thereby raising or lowering the temperature of the battery cells. The temperature of the refrigerant pipeline 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123 is relatively stable and suitable. The heat pipe 3 is located in the refrigerant pipeline 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the heat exchange device 123, which is conducive to the stable phase change of the heat pipe 3.

[0249] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8 to 15, the thermal management unit 1 includes a refrigerant unit 12 and a heat exchange unit 13. The refrigerant unit 12 includes a refrigerant flow path 121 for circulating refrigerant. The heat exchange unit 13 includes a heat exchange flow path 131 for circulating heat exchange fluid, which is capable of exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121, and is used for heat exchange with individual battery cells. The fluid conduit 11 includes a heat exchange conduit 1311 within the heat exchange flow path 131, or alternatively, the fluid conduit 11 includes a refrigerant conduit 1211 within the refrigerant flow path 121.

[0250] Heat exchange flow path 131 is the flow path of the heat exchange fluid.

[0251] Heat exchanger pipe 1311 refers to the pipe structure used to flow heat exchange fluid. Heat exchanger tube 3 is part of heat exchange flow path 131.

[0252] For example, if the fluid line 11 includes the heat exchange line 1311 in the heat exchange flow path 131, then the second heat exchange medium includes the heat exchange fluid.

[0253] For example, if fluid line 11 includes refrigerant line 1211 in refrigerant flow line 121, then the second heat exchange medium includes refrigerant.

[0254] The heat exchange fluid is a flowable fluid that can remain in a liquid state after absorbing or releasing heat; that is, the heat exchange fluid can maintain its phase unchanged. Examples of heat exchange fluids include, but are not limited to, pure water or aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol.

[0255] The refrigerant can circulate in the refrigerant flow path 121, and the heat exchange fluid can circulate in the heat exchange flow path 131. The thermal management system uses the refrigerant and the heat exchange fluid as intermediate media to regulate the temperature of the battery cells. For example, by using the refrigerant and the heat exchange fluid as intermediate media, the heat of the battery cells can be released to the air source or the heat of the air source can be transferred to the battery cells.

[0256] In this embodiment, the temperature of the control device 2 can be lowered or raised by utilizing the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the second heat exchange medium, or by utilizing the heat exchange fluid and the second heat exchange medium. Compared to the heat exchange fluid, the refrigerant has a larger latent heat and more stable properties; a smaller amount of refrigerant can absorb a large amount of heat, enabling rapid heat exchange with the heat exchange fluid. Compared to the refrigerant, the heat exchange fluid does not undergo a phase change, is stable, and has good temperature uniformity. The heat exchange fluid can more evenly regulate the temperature of the battery cells. The heat exchange unit 13 is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells. The structure of the heat exchange unit 13 is simpler than that of the refrigerant unit 12, reducing the complexity of the piping layout.

[0257] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 8 to 15. The thermal management unit 1 includes a heat exchange structure 14, which includes a refrigerant channel and a heat exchange channel. The refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant flow path 121. The heat exchange unit 13 includes a heat exchange plate 132 and a liquid pump 133. The heat exchange plate 132 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells. The heat exchange plate 132, the liquid pump 133 and the heat exchange channel are connected in series in the heat exchange flow path 131.

[0258] Please refer to Figures 8 and 13, where heat pipe 3 is disposed in heat exchange pipeline 1311 between heat exchange channel and liquid pump 133; or, please refer to Figures 9 and 14, where heat pipe 3 is disposed in heat exchange pipeline 1311 between liquid pump 133 and heat exchange plate 132; or, please refer to Figures 10, 11 and 15, where heat pipe 3 is disposed in heat exchange pipeline 1311 between heat exchange plate 132 and heat exchange channel.

[0259] The liquid pump 133 is a device that provides power to drive fluid flow.

[0260] The refrigerant in the refrigerant channel and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange channel can exchange heat. In other words, the heat exchange structure 14 is a device for realizing heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange fluid.

[0261] The refrigerant in the heat exchange plate 132 exchanges heat with the battery cells.

[0262] For example, the outlet of the liquid pump 133 can be connected to the heat exchange plate 132. The liquid pump 133 drives the flow of heat exchange fluid, which flows through the heat exchange plate 132 and exchanges heat with the battery cells. After exchanging heat with the battery cells, the heat exchange fluid enters the heat exchange structure 14 and exchanges heat with the refrigerant. After exchanging heat with the refrigerant, the heat exchange fluid re-enters the liquid pump 133 and flows back to the heat exchange plate 132. In this way, the heat exchange fluid circulates in the heat exchange flow path 131 to regulate the temperature of the battery cells.

[0263] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 can be disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange channel and the liquid pump 133, or the heat pipe 3 can be disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the liquid pump 133 and the heat exchange plate 132, or the heat pipe 3 can be disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heat exchange channel. That is to say, the heat pipe 3 is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between any two of the heat exchange channel, the liquid pump 133 and the heat exchange plate 132. By making full use of the relatively high specific heat capacity and relatively small temperature rise of the heat exchange fluid, the heat exchange pipeline 1311 can serve as a relatively stable heat source or cold source. In addition, the heat pipe 3 disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heat exchange channel can also reduce the temperature influence on the refrigerant in the heat exchange plate 132 and reduce the influence on the heat exchange of the battery cells.

[0264] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8 to 11, the heat exchange unit 13 includes a heater 134 disposed in the path of the heat exchange fluid between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heat exchange channel. That is, the heat exchange fluid between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heat exchange channel flows through the heater 134, which provides thermal energy to heat the heat exchange fluid.

[0265] For a thermal management system with heater 134, refrigerant unit 12 may not be equipped with reversing device 126. Refrigerant unit 12 includes compressor 122, heat exchange structure 14, throttling device 124 and heat exchange element 125 arranged in series in refrigerant flow path 121.

[0266] The working principle of the thermal management system in regulating the temperature of individual battery cells is as follows:

[0267] When the battery cells need to be heated, the refrigerant unit 12 can be shut down, while the heat exchange unit 13 operates. Specifically, the heat exchange fluid heated by the heater 134 enters the heat exchange channel. The fluid in the heat exchange channel passes through the liquid pump 133 and enters the flow channel of the heat exchange plate 132. The heat exchange fluid in the flow channel of the heat exchange plate 132 releases heat to the battery cells. The cooled heat exchange fluid then flows back to the heater 134 and is heated again by the heater 134. This cycle repeats to achieve the heating of the battery cells.

[0268] When the battery cells need to be cooled, the refrigerant unit 12 operates, and the heater 134 may not operate. Specifically: the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant flow path 121, the compressor 122 draws in the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and compresses it into high pressure before discharging it; the discharged high-pressure refrigerant enters the heat exchanger 125, where the refrigerant transfers heat to the airflow to condense into high-pressure liquid refrigerant; the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 124 to reduce pressure and becomes a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture, which enters the refrigerant channel of the heat exchange structure 14. The refrigerant in the refrigerant channel absorbs heat from the heat exchange fluid and becomes low-pressure gas, and the cooled heat exchange fluid flows through the heat exchange plate 132 to absorb heat from the battery cells. The low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is then drawn back into the compressor 122; this cycle repeats repeatedly to achieve cooling of the battery cells.

[0269] In this embodiment, heater 134 is used to heat the heat exchange fluid in heat exchange path 131. Heat exchange unit 13 can heat the heat exchange fluid through heater 134 to increase the temperature of the battery cells and provide heating function. Refrigerant unit 12 can be used only to absorb heat from the heat exchange fluid to reduce the temperature of the battery cells and provide cooling function, without providing heating function. This design simplifies the structure and control method of refrigerant unit 12.

[0270] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 10, the heat pipe 3 is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heater 134. With this design, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heater 134 is relatively suitable, which is conducive to the stable phase change of the second heat exchange working fluid in the heat pipe 3.

[0271] In some embodiments, please refer to FIG11, the heat pipe 3 is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange structure 14 and the heater 134.

[0272] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 12, the thermal management unit 1 includes a heat exchange structure 14, which includes a refrigerant passage and a heat exchange passage. The heat exchange passage is used to circulate heat exchange fluid. The refrigerant unit 12 includes a compressor 122, a throttling device 124, a heat exchange component 125, and a reversing device 126. The compressor 122, the refrigerant passage, the throttling device 124, and the heat exchange component 125 are sequentially connected in series in the refrigerant flow path 121. The reversing device 126 is disposed in the refrigerant flow path 121 to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121. The heat exchange component 125 is used to exchange heat with an air source. The heat pipe 3 is disposed in the refrigerant pipeline 1211 between the throttling device 124 and the refrigerant passage.

[0273] It should be noted that the heat exchange structure 14, compressor 122, throttling device 124, heat exchange component 125 and reversing device 126 can all be understood as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0274] In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit 13 may not have a heater 134.

[0275] The working principle of the thermal management system in regulating the temperature of individual battery cells is as follows:

[0276] When the battery cell needs to be cooled, the heat exchange fluid flows through the heat exchange plate 132 and absorbs the heat from the battery cell, then flows through the heat exchange structure 14 and releases the heat to the refrigerant; the compressor 122 draws in the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and compresses it into high pressure before discharging; the discharged high-pressure refrigerant enters the heat exchange element 125, where the refrigerant releases heat to the air source to condense into a high-pressure liquid; the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 124 and is reduced in pressure, becoming a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture that enters the refrigerant channel; the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel absorbs the heat from the heat exchange fluid and becomes a low-pressure gas; the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is then drawn in by the compressor 122 again; this cycle repeats repeatedly to cool the battery cell.

[0277] When a battery cell needs to be heated, the heat exchange fluid flows through the heat exchange structure 14 to absorb heat from the refrigerant, then flows through the heat exchange plate 132 and releases the heat to the battery cell to raise its temperature. The compressor 122 draws in low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and compresses it into high pressure before discharging. The discharged high-pressure refrigerant enters the refrigerant channel, where it transfers heat to the heat exchange fluid to condense into high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 124 to reduce pressure and becomes a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture that enters the heat exchange element 125. The refrigerant in the heat exchange element 125 absorbs heat from the air source and becomes low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is then drawn back into the compressor 122, and this cycle repeats to heat the battery cell.

[0278] In this embodiment, the refrigerant unit 12 can generate heat or cool, and the heat exchange unit 13 may not have a heater 134. The heat exchange fluid absorbs or releases heat by exchanging heat with the refrigerant to cool or heat up the battery cells.

[0279] In some embodiments, the heat exchange plate 132 has internal channels for the flow of heat exchange fluid, and these channels are part of the heat exchange flow path 131. For example, the heat exchange channel of the heat exchange plate 132, the heat exchange passage of the heat exchange structure 14, and the inlet and outlet of the liquid pump 133 can be sequentially connected by a heat exchange pipe 1311. The heat exchange pipe 1311, the heat exchange channel of the heat exchange plate 132, the heat exchange passage of the heat exchange structure 14, and the liquid pump 133 can constitute the heat exchange flow path 131.

[0280] The heat exchange plate 132 can be in thermal contact with the battery cells. Thus, the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange plate 132 and the battery cells can exchange heat through thermal conduction. In some embodiments, the battery cells can be bonded to the heat exchange plate 132 using thermally conductive adhesive. The heat exchange fluid within the heat exchange plate 132 exchanges heat with the battery cells through the heat exchange plate 132 and the thermally conductive adhesive.

[0281] In some embodiments, the heat exchange plate 132 may be generally plate-shaped. The interior of the plate-shaped structure forms channels for the flow of heat exchange fluid.

[0282] As an example, each battery device 100 may be equipped with a heat exchange plate 132.

[0283] In some embodiments, the heat exchange plate 132 may be part of the housing of the battery device 100. For example, the heat exchange plate 132 may serve as the bottom plate of the housing.

[0284] In some embodiments, the reversing device 126 includes, but is not limited to, a four-way valve. A four-way valve is a control valve with four ports. The four-way valve can change the flow direction of the refrigerant by opening or closing the different ports.

[0285] The heater 134 can be a structure that converts electrical energy into heat energy. For example, the heater 134 includes, but is not limited to, a resistance heater 134 or a positive temperature coefficient heater 134, etc.

[0286] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 125 may include a refrigerant flow pipe and fins. The fins are disposed on the refrigerant flow pipe, which is used to flow refrigerant, and the fins are used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the refrigerant flow pipe. That is, the heat exchanger 125 may be a finned tube heat exchanger.

[0287] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 7 through 15, the refrigerant unit 12 includes a fan 127 for driving airflow through the heat exchanger 125. The fan 127 facilitates heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source in the heat exchanger 125.

[0288] In some embodiments, the heat exchange structure 14 may include multiple stacked heat exchange plates, with adjacent heat exchange plates assembled to form a hollow channel. Part of the hollow channel serves as a refrigerant channel for refrigerant flow, while the other part serves as a heat exchange channel for heat exchange fluid flow. In other words, the heat exchange structure 14 can be a plate heat exchanger. Heat conduction between the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange channel can occur through the heat exchange plates.

[0289] The manufacturing method of the heat exchange fins is not limited. The heat exchange fins can be made of metal material pressed into a plate-like structure with grooves. The grooves of two heat exchange fins are spliced ​​together to form a hollow channel. The heat exchange fins can be fastened together with screws or bolts.

[0290] In one specific embodiment, referring to Figures 2 to 6 and Figure 10, the thermal management system includes a thermal management unit 1, a control device 2, and a heat pipe 3. The thermal management unit 1 is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells. The thermal management unit 1 includes a fluid pipeline 11 for flowing a first heat exchange medium. The heat pipe 3 includes a fluid channel 3a for flowing a second heat exchange medium, which can undergo a phase change within the fluid channel 3a. The heat pipe 3 connects the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The control device 2 includes a control box 21 and a control module 22. The control module 22 is located inside the control box 21. The control box 21 includes a heat spreader 211 and a box body 212. The box body 212 forms an assembly opening 212a, which is closed by the heat spreader 211. The heat pipe 3 is connected to the heat spreader 211 and extends along the outer surface of the heat spreader 211 in a curved manner. The heat pipe 3 is bent to form an open slot 3b, and at least two open slots 3b are spaced apart along the extension direction of the fluid conduit 11, with the fluid conduit 11 housed within the open slot 3b. The thermal management unit 1 includes a refrigerant unit 12 and a heat exchange unit 13. The refrigerant unit 12 includes a refrigerant flow path 121 for circulating refrigerant, and the heat exchange unit 13 includes a heat exchange flow path 131 for circulating heat exchange fluid. The heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path 131 can exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 121, and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path 131 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells.

[0291] The thermal management unit 1 includes a heat exchange structure 14, which includes a refrigerant channel and a heat exchange channel. The refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant flow path 121. The heat exchange unit 13 includes a heat exchange plate 132 and a liquid pump 133. The heat exchange plate 132 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells. The heat exchange plate 132, the liquid pump 133, and the heat exchange channel are connected in series in the heat exchange flow path 131. A heat pipe 3 is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline 1311 between the heat exchange plate 132 and the heat exchange channel.

[0292] The thermal management system provided in this embodiment uses a control device 2 and a fluid pipeline 11, one of which serves as a heat source and the other as a cold source. A heat pipe 3 connects the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The heat pipe 3 utilizes the phase change process of a second heat exchange medium to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2. The heat transfer through the heat pipe 3 is reversible. When the temperature of the control device 2 is higher than that of the fluid pipeline 11, the heat from the control device 2 is conducted to the fluid pipeline 11, achieving heat dissipation and cooling of the control device 2. Conversely, when the temperature of the fluid pipeline 11 is higher than that of the control device 2, the heat from the fluid pipeline 11 is conducted to the control device 2, achieving heat dissipation and heating of the control device 2. With this design, the control device 2 does not need to be equipped with a fan or ventilation holes for heat dissipation, reducing fan noise and improving the waterproof and dustproof performance of the housing 212. Compared to the air-cooling method of a fan, the heat pipe 3 has good thermal conductivity, good thermal efficiency, and good isothermal properties. Utilizing the heat pipe 3 to achieve heat conduction between the fluid pipeline 11 and the control device 2 allows for more rapid temperature regulation of the control device 2. The heat spreader 211 can balance temperature differences and increase heat exchange area. It can not only quickly transfer heat to the heat pipe 3, but also transfer some heat to the air source, not just on the surface of the heat pipe 3. This provides advantages such as strong heat dissipation, small installation space, low cost, and high reliability. Placing the heat pipe 3 on the outer surface of the heat spreader 211 avoids it occupying space within the housing 212. The heat pipe 3 bends and extends along the outer surface of the heat spreader 211, effectively increasing its length and contact area with the heat spreader 211, thereby extending the heat exchange time and increasing the heat exchange capacity. Furthermore, it can be freely arranged according to the spatial layout of the control module 22, accommodating the heat dissipation and heating needs of various spatially arranged electronic components.

[0293] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit it. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way.

Claims

1. A thermal management system, comprising: A thermal management unit is used to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells. The thermal management unit includes a fluid pipeline for circulating a first heat exchange medium. A control device for controlling the operation of the thermal management system; A heat pipe includes a fluid channel for circulating a second heat exchange medium, the second heat exchange medium being capable of undergoing a phase change within the fluid channel, the heat pipe connecting the fluid pipeline and the control device, the first heat exchange medium exchanging heat with the second heat exchange medium, and the second heat exchange medium exchanging heat with the control device.

2. The thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein, The control device includes a control box, which includes a heat spreader and a box body. The box body forms an assembly port, the heat spreader closes the assembly port, and the heat pipe is connected to the heat spreader.

3. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein, The heat spreader includes a first heat spreader, a second heat spreader, and a connecting portion. The first heat spreader and the second heat spreader are both perpendicular to a first direction. The height of the first heat spreader in the first direction is higher than the height of the second heat spreader. The connecting portion connects the first heat spreader and the second heat spreader. The heat pipe is disposed in at least one of the first heat spreader, the connecting portion, and the second heat spreader.

4. The thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein, The heat pipe includes a first pipe section, a second pipe section, and a transition section. The first pipe section is disposed on the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section, the second pipe section is disposed on the outer surface of the second heat-spreading section, and the transition section is disposed on the outer surface of the connecting section and connects the first pipe section and the second pipe section.

5. The thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein, The first pipe section extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the first heat-spreading section.

6. The thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein, The second pipe section extends in a curved manner along the outer surface of the second heat exchange section.

7. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein, The heat pipe is in contact with the heat spreader.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein, The thermal management system includes a first heat-conducting element, which is disposed between the heat pipe and the heat spreader.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein, The control device includes a control module, which contacts the heat spreader.

10. The thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein, The control device includes a control module, and the thermal management system includes a second heat-conducting element disposed between the heat spreader and the control module.

11. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The control device includes a control box, and the heat pipe is disposed on the outer surface of the control box.

12. The thermal management system according to claim 11, wherein, The heat pipe extends and bends along the outer surface of the control box.

13. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The heat pipe is bent to form an open groove, and the fluid conduit is accommodated within the open groove.

14. The thermal management system according to claim 13, wherein, The number of the opening slots is at least two, and the at least two opening slots are distributed at intervals along the extension direction of the fluid pipeline.

15. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, The thermal management unit includes a refrigerant unit, which includes a refrigerant flow path for circulating refrigerant. The refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path is used for heat exchange with the battery cells. The fluid pipeline includes the refrigerant pipeline in the refrigerant flow path.

16. The thermal management system according to claim 15, wherein, The refrigerant unit includes a compressor, a heat exchange device, a throttling device, a heat exchange component, and a reversing device. The compressor, the heat exchange device, the throttling device, and the heat exchange component are connected in series in the refrigerant flow path. The reversing device is located in the refrigerant flow path to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange component is used for heat exchange with an air source. The heat exchange device is used for heat exchange with individual battery cells. The heat pipe is located in the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the heat exchange device.

17. The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The thermal management unit includes: Refrigerant unit, including refrigerant flow path for circulating refrigerant; A heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange flow path for circulating heat exchange fluid, wherein the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path is capable of exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path, and wherein the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange flow path is used for exchanging heat with individual battery cells. The fluid pipeline includes the heat exchange pipeline in the heat exchange flow path, or the fluid pipeline includes the refrigerant pipeline in the refrigerant flow path.

18. The thermal management system according to claim 17, wherein, The thermal management unit includes a heat exchange structure, which includes a refrigerant channel and a heat exchange channel. The refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange plate and a liquid pump. The heat exchange plate is used to exchange heat with the battery cells. The heat exchange plate, the liquid pump, and the heat exchange channel are sequentially connected in series in the heat exchange flow path. The heat pipe is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange channel and the liquid pump; or, the heat pipe is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline between the liquid pump and the heat exchange plate; or, the heat pipe is disposed in the heat exchange pipeline between the heat exchange plate and the heat exchange channel.

19. The thermal management system according to claim 17, wherein, The thermal management unit includes a heat exchange structure, which includes a refrigerant channel and a heat exchange channel. The heat exchange channel is used for the flow of heat exchange fluid. The refrigerant unit includes a compressor, a throttling device, a heat exchange component, and a reversing device. The compressor, the refrigerant channel, the throttling device, and the heat exchange component are sequentially connected in series in the refrigerant flow path. The reversing device is located in the refrigerant flow path to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path. The heat exchange component is used for heat exchange with an air source. The heat pipe is located in the refrigerant pipeline between the throttling device and the refrigerant channel.

20. An energy storage device, comprising: At least two battery devices, each of which includes a single battery cell; The cabinet has a battery compartment, and the battery device is housed within the battery compartment; The thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the thermal management unit is used to regulate the temperature of the battery cell.

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