Secondary battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte
A secondary battery with a ternary positive electrode and a silyl fluorophosphate and oxalate-containing electrolyte stabilizes the SEI/CEI films via hydrogen bonding, addressing high-temperature gas generation and improving cycle life and storage performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGZHOU TINCI MATERIALS TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Secondary batteries face challenges in improving storage performance and cycle life due to metal ion dissolution, electrolyte side reactions, and high-temperature gas generation, which are exacerbated by the instability of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) film.
A secondary battery using a ternary positive electrode material and an electrolyte with a silyl fluorophosphate compound and a lithium salt containing an oxalate group, forming a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film through hydrogen bonding to stabilize the SEI/CEI films and prevent direct contact between transition metal ions and the electrolyte.
The synergistic additives enhance cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance by inhibiting gas generation, reducing impedance, and maintaining lithium-ion conductivity, especially under high-voltage conditions.
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Figure CN2025137929_04062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING A NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTEPRIORITY INFORMATION
[0001] This application claims priority and benefits of Chinese Patent Application No. 202411742479.6, filed with China National Intellectual Property Administration on November 29, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of material preparation, and particularly, to a secondary battery.BACKGROUND
[0003] In recent years, secondary batteries have achieved remarkable success in the field of high-energy batteries. However, consumers still anticipate next-generation cells with even higher overall performance, which hinges on the research and development of new electrode materials and electrolyte systems.
[0004] It is difficult to improve storage performance and cycle life of the secondary batteries due to the factors such as dissolution of metal ions from a positive electrode, side reactions of an electrolyte, and deterioration at an electrode-electrolyte interface. Decomposition of lithium salts intensifies under high-temperature conditions, the decomposition products thereof with Lewis’s acidity will catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based solvents in the electrolyte to form gases such as ethylene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, resulting in gas generation in the secondary batteries. In addition, another decomposition product of the lithium salts, i.e., HF, attacks a positive electrode material and accelerate the dissolution of transition metal ions, which can in turn catalyze the decomposition of the solvents, leading to more severe gas generation.
[0005] To address the aforementioned issue of high-temperature gas generation in the batteries, additives are typically used to regulate formation of a stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) film on the electrode-electrolyte interface. However, the existing SEI film formed by means of the additive regulation is either relatively thick or exhibits poor ion conductivity, resulting in relatively high impedance and consequently poor cycle performance of the secondary batteries. Therefore, it is of critical importance to provide a high-performance electrolyte additive for enhancing the storage performance and the cycle life of the secondary batteries.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent. To this end, the present disclosure provides a secondary battery. The secondary battery of the present disclosure adopts a ternary positive electrode material, and an electrolyte that can significantly improve cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the battery, and the battery still exhibits excellent performance especially under a high-voltage condition.
[0007] The present disclosure provides a secondary battery. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary battery includes a positive electrode plate and an electrolyte. The positive electrode plate includes a ternary positive electrode material. The electrolyte includes a first additive and a second additive. The first additive includes a compound represented by Formula I: Formula I, where: R1, R2, , and R3 are each independently selected from any one of H, F, C1 to C4 alkyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C5 to C7 cycloalkyl, R4-substituted phenyl, and R5-substituted phenmethyl; and R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, or C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl. The second additive includes a lithium salt containing an oxalate group.
[0008] The secondary battery of the present disclosure adopts the ternary positive electrode material and the electrolyte containing the first additive and the second additive. The first additive is a silyl fluorophosphate compound, which has properties of preferential redox and inhibition of solvent reduction during charging and discharging of the battery, and can thus favorably construct stable SEI / Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) films, thereby improving flexibility, smoothness, thermal stability, and lithium-ion conductivity of the interfacial films. In this way, a direct contact between transition metal ions and the electrolyte can be prevented, thereby reducing dissolution of the transitiion metal ions in the electrolyte and inhibiting catalysis of the transition metal ions on the electrolyte. As a result, a capacity retention rate of the battery under high-temperature / long-cycle conditions can be improved. Further, reductive deposition of the transition metal ions on a negative electrode surface can be inhibited, thereby exerting a significant effect on reducing impedance of the battery and improving low--temperature discharge performance and cycle performance of the battery.
[0009] However, despite the aforementioned advantages, the silyl fluorophosphate compound is highly sensitive to HF components and tends to react with HF to generate fluorosilane gas, leading to damage to the SEI film. Especially under a high temperature of 60℃, the gas generation of the battery occurs alongside formation of oxidative deposits of the electrolyte. The oxidative deposits of the electrolyte impede lithium-ion migration, resulting in a sharp increase in interfacial impedance and severe battery capacity fading.
[0010] The second additive includes a lithium salt containing an oxalate group. Through ring-opening of the oxalate group, a continuous interfacial film is formed on an electrode-electrolyte interface. In the meantime, by incorporating Li+ into the film composition, both stability of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial film and conduction of lithium ions on the electrode-electrolyte interface can be enhanced. However, the interfacial film formed through the ring-opening of the oxalate group iis likely to decompose under high-temperature or high-voltage conditions, to generate CO2, which results in the formation of pores on the SEI film and the CEI film. In this way, the electrolyte and the electrode are in a direct contact with each other, which further induces side reactions of the electrolyte and leads to the gas generation of the battery under the high-temperature and high-voltage conditions.
[0011] Based on the synergistic effects of the first additive and the second additive, element F in fluorosilane gas generated by the first additive, element H from a carbonate solvent, and element O from an oxalate group-rich interfacial film formed by the second additive can interact with one another via hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by these three elements with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced. Especially on a positive electrode side, active oxygen released during a phase transition of an NCM ternary positive electrode can be captured through a weak interaction between element F and element O. Thus, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, thereby further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation. In summary, the synergistic effects of the first additive and the second additive can inhibit the high-temperature gas generation without affecting the impedance of the battery, thereby improving a capacity retention rate during high-temperature storage.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first additive includes at least one of compounds represented by Formula 1 to Formula 17:
[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second additive includes at least one of lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, or lithium tris(oxalato)phosphate.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive is (0.05 to 20):1.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive is (0.5 to 10):1.
[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive ranges from 0.05%to 5.0%.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive ranges from 0.5%to 2.5%.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the second additive ranges from 0.3%to 2.5%.
[0019] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary battery further includes a non-aqueous organic solvent. The non-aqueous organic solvent includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, or methyl- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate.
[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrolyte further includes a lithium salt. The lithium salt includes at least one of LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiSO3CF3, LiBF4, LiB (C2O4)2, LiBF2C2O4, LiN (SO2F)2, LiN (SO2CF3)2, LiPO2F2, LiPF2 (C2O4)2, or LiPF4C2O4; and / or based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the lithium salt ranges from 6%to 25%.
[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ternary positive electrode material includes LiNiaCobMcO2, where: M includes at least one of Mn, Al, Ti, V, Fe, Zn, V, Zr, Ce, Cr, or Cu; and a+b+c=1, and 0.3≤a<1.
[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be provided at least in part in the following description, or will become apparent in part from the following description, or can be learned from the practice of the embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0023] Embodiments of technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below. The following embodiments are merely intended to clearly describe the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and therefore they are merely examples, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0024] Reference herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The phrase “embodiment” throughout the specification neither necessarily refers to the same embodiment, nor is a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
[0025] The “ranges” disclosed in the present disclosure are defined in the form of lower and upper limits. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower and upper limits defining the boundaries of the specific range. The ranges defined in such a manner may be inclusive, and may be arbitrarily combined, i.e., any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to define a range. For example, if the ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are specified for a particular parameter, it should be understood that the ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 can also be expected. Additionally, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 and the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are specified, the following ranges can all be expected: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5. In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the numerical range “ato b” denotes an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where both a and b are real numbers, and the range defined in such a manner may include the end values a and b. For example, the numerical range “0 to 5” means that all real numbers between “0 to 5” have been listed herein, and “0 to 5” is just an abbreviated representation of combinations of these numerical values. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer of ≥2, it is equivalent to disclose that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.
[0026] All technical features and optional technical features of the present disclosure can be combined with one another to form a new technical solution, unless otherwise stated.
[0027] Unless otherwise stated, all the steps of the present disclosure can be performed sequentially or randomly, and preferably, the steps of the present disclosure are performed sequentially. For example, the method including steps (a) and (b) indicates that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or the method may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, reference to “the method may further include step (c) ” indicates that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, e.g., the method may include steps (a) , (b) and (c) , or steps (a) , (c) and (b) , or steps (c) , (a) and (b) , etc.
[0028] The present disclosure presents a secondary battery. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary battery includes a positive electrode plate and an electrolyte. The positive electrode plate includes a ternary positive electrode material. The electrolyte includes a first additive and a second additive. The first additive includes a compound represented by Formula I: Formula I, where: R1, R2, , and R3 are each independently selected from any one of H, F, C1 to C4 alkyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C5 to C7 cycloalkyl, R4-substituted phenyl, and R5-substituted phenmethyl; and R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, or C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl. The second additive includes a lithium salt containing an oxalate group.
[0029] The secondary battery of the present disclosure includes the ternary posiitive electrode material and the electrolyte containing the first additive and the second additive. The first additive is a silyl fluorophosphate compound, which has properties of preferential redox and inhibition of solvent reduction during charging and discharging of the battery. The silyl structure can construct stable SEI / CEI films, thereby improving flexibility and smoothness of the interfacial films. Meanwhile, the fluorinated phosphate structure may react with the lithium salt to generate fluorinated lithium phosphates, which participate in a film formation process and thus incorporate various lithium salt inorganic components such as LiF, Li3PO3, and LixPOyFz into the interfacial film, thereby improving thermal stability and lithium-ion conductivity of the SEI / CEI films. For a positive electrode CEI film, LixPOyFz is coated on a surface of a positive electrode material, thereby preventing a direct contact between transition metal ions and the electrolyte and reducing dissolution of the transition metal ions in the electrolyte. Furthermore, P=O bond, P-O bond, and P-F bond can complex with transition metals to reduce chemical / electrochemical activity of the transition metal ions, thereby inhibiting catalysis of the electrolyte by the transition metal ions. As a resullt, a capacity retention rate of the battery under high-temperature / long-cycle conditions can be improved. For a negative electrode SEI film, the fluorinated lithium phosphates can prevent reductive deposition of the transition metal ions on a negative electrode surface, exerting a significant effect on reducing impedance of the battery and improving low-temperature discharge performance and cycle performance of the battery. However, despite the aforementioned advantages, the silyl fluorophosphate compound is highly sensitiive to HF components and tends to react with HF to generate fluorosilane gas, leading to damage to the SEI film. Especially under a high temperature of 60℃, the gas generation of the battery occurs alongside formation of oxidative deposits of the electrolyte. The oxidative deposits of the electrolyte impede lithium-ion migration, resulting in a sharp increase in interfacial impedance and severe battery capacity fading.
[0030] The second additive includes a lithium salt containing an oxalate group. Through ring-opening of the oxalate group, a continuous interfacial film is formed on an electrode-electrolyte interface. In the meantime, by incorporating Li+ into the film composition, both stability of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial film and conduction of lithium ions on the electrode-electrolyte interface can be enhanced. However, the interfacial film formed through the ring-opening of the oxalate group is likely to decompose under high-temperature or high-voltage conditions, to generate CO2, which results in the formation of pores on the SEI film and the CEI film. In this way, the electrolyte and the electrode are in a direct contact with each other, which further induces side reactions of the electrolyte and leads to the gas generation of the battery under the high-temperature and high-voltage conditions.
[0031] Based on the synergistic effects of the first additive and the second additive, element F in fluorosilane gas generated by the first additive, element H from a carbonate solvent, and element O from an oxalate group-rich interfacial film formed by the second additive can interact with one another via hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by these three elements with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced.
[0032] During the charging and discharging of the battery, an NCM ternary positive electrode material, due to the instability of its structure, tends to undergo a phase transition and release active oxygen. The release of such active oxygen can exacerbate decomposition of the electrolyte, leading to an increase in gas generation of the battery. Further, the release of active oxygen can also adversely affect thermal stability of the battery. Through the weak interaction between element F from the fluorosilane gas in the first additive and element O from an oxalate group-rich interfacial film of the second additive, the active oxygen released during the phase transition of an NCM ternary positive electrode can thus be captured. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation.
[0033] In summary, the synergistic effects of the first additive and the second additive can inhibit the high-temperature gas generation without affecting the battery impedance, thereby improving a capacity retention rate during high-temperature storage.
[0034] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first additive includes at least one of compounds represented by Formula 1 to Formula 17: (CAS No. : 2708941-25-5) , (CAS No. : 4419-25-9) , (CAS No. : 13683-39-1) , (CAS No. : 4414-27-1) , (CAS No. : 4414-26-0) , (CAS No. : 4480-02-8) , (CAS No. : 2577172-95-1) , (CAS No. : 13683-40-4) , (CAS No. : 2577172-93-9) , (CAS No. : 6231-57-8) , (CAS No. : 1386-54-9) , (CAS No. : 2708941-26-6) , (CAS No. : 6231-59-0) ,
[0035] Preparation method of the above-mentioned compounds:
[0036] The compounds of Formula 14 to Formula 17 can be prepared based on synthesis schemes with reference to a preparation method of Example 14 as disclosed in Chinese Patent Application CN114728992A, in which chlorodimethylphenylsilane is replaced with the following raw material:for Formula 14 raw material is trivinylchlorosilane (CAS No. : 1871-21-2) ;for Formula 15 raw material is dimethylbutynylchlorosilane (CAS No. : 2069196-19-4) ;for Formula 16 raw material s dimethyl (trifluoropropylene) chlorosilane (CAS No.: 89705-02-2)for Formula 17 raw material is tris (pentafluoroethyl) chlorosilane (CAS No. : 1620665-21-5) .
[0037] During the charging and discharging of the battery, the above-mentioned first additive has properties of preferential redox and inhibition of solvent reduction, and can thus favorably construct stable SEI / CEI films to improve flexibility, smoothness, thermal stability, and lithium-ion conductivity of the interfacial films. In this way, the direct contact between the transition metal ions and the electrolyte can be prevented, thereby reducing the dissolution of the transition metal ions in the electrolyte and inhibiting the catalysis of the transition metal ions on the electrolyte. As a result, the capacity retention rate of the battery under the high-temperature / long-cycle conditions can be improved. Further, the reductive deposition of the transition metal ions on the negative electrode surface can be inhibited, thereby exerting the significant effect on reducing the impedance of the battery and improving the low-temperature discharge and the cycle performance of the battery. Furthermore, the above-mentioned first additive, second additive, and carbonate solvent can interact with one another via the hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by the first additive, second additive, and carbonate solvent with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming the network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced. In particular, the above-mentioned first additive and second additive, through the weak interaction therebetween, can capture the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation.
[0038] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the second additive includes at least one of lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) phosphate, or lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate. By employing the above-mentioned second additive, through the ring-opening of the oxalate group thereof, a continuous interfacial film can be formed at an electrode-electrolyte interface. At the same time, by incorporating Li+ into the film composition, both stability of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial film and conduction of lithium ions on the electrode-electrolyte interface can be enhanced. Furthermore, the above-mentioned second additive, first additive, and carbonate solvent can interact with one another via the hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by the first additive, second additive, and carbonate solvent with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced. In particular, the above-mentioned first additive and second additive, through the weak interaction therebetween, can capture the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation.
[0039] According to an embodiments of the present disclosure, a mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive is (0.05 to 20) : 1. For example, the mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive may be 0.05: 1, 0.1: 1, 0.5: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 8: 1, 10: 1, 12: 1, 14: 1, 15: 1, 16: 1, 18: 1, or 20: 1, and preferably, (0.5 to 10) : 1. When the mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive meets the above-mentioned condition, their synergistic effect can be strengthened, thereby improving overall performance and ensuring maximization of the interaction between the additives. Moreover, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance can be significantly enhanced, and particularly, the battery can still exhibit excellent performance especially under a high-voltage condition. At the same time, undesirable side reactions or waste can be reduced, and costs can be lowered.
[0040] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive ranges from 0.05%to 5.0%, for example, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, or 5.0%, and preferably, in range of 0.5%to 2.5%. Therefore, when the amount of the first additive meets the above-mentioned condition, it can favorably construct stable SEI / CEI films to improve flexibility, smoothness, thermal stability, and lithium-ion conductivity of the interfacial films. In this way, the direct contact between the transition metal ions and the electrolyte can be prevented, thereby reducing the dissolution of the transition metal ions in the electrolyte and inhibiting the catalysis of the transition metal ions on the electrolyte. As a result, the capacity retention rate of the battery under the high-temperature / long-cycle conditions can be improved. Further, the reductive deposition of the transition metal ions on the negative electrode surface can be inhibited, thereby exerting the significant effect on reducing the impedance of the battery and improving the low-temperature discharge and the cycle performance of the battery. Furthermore, the above-mentioned range of the amount of the first additive facilitates the interaction of the first additive with the second additive and the carbonate solvent via the hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film can be favorably formed, to further enhance the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface. In particular, the above-mentioned first additive and second additive, through the weak interaction therebetween, can capture the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation.
[0041] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the second additive ranges from 0.3%to 2.5%, for example, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.5%. When the electrolyte includes the second additive satisfying the above-mentioned condition, a continuous interfacial film is formed on the electrode-electrolyte interface. At the same time, both stability of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial film and conduction of lithium ions on the electrode-electrolyte interface can be enhanced. Furthermore, the second additive, when meeting the above-mentioned condition, can further interact with the first additive and the carbonate solvent to stabilize the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by the first additive, second additive, and carbonate solvent with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming the network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced. In particular, the second additive meeting the above-mentioned condition and the first additive can capture the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation.
[0042] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary battery further includes a non-aqueous organic solvent. The non-aqueous organic solvent includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, or methyl- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate. Therefore, the above-mentioned carbonate solvents can interact with the first additive and the second additive via hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and the fluorosilane. At the same time, the structure formed by the first additive, the second additive, and the carbonate solvent with interaction by means of hydrogen bonds undergoes further reactions on the electrode-electrolyte interface, forming a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film. In this way, the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface can be further enhanced.
[0043] As an example, the non-aqueous organic solvent may further include a non-carbonate compound. For example, the non-aqueous organic solvent includes at least one of γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, or 2, 2-difluoroethyl acetate.
[0044] As an example, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the non-aqueous organic solvent ranges from 65.5%to 93.2%.
[0045] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrolyte additive further includes a lithium salt. The lithium salt includes at least one of LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiSO3CF3, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiBF2C2O4, LiN (SO2F)2, LiN (SO2CF3)2, LiPO2F2, LiPF2 (C2O4)2, or LiPF4C2O4.
[0046] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the lithium salt ranges from 6%to 25%, for example, 6%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, or 25%. Therefore, when the lithium salt meets the above-mentioned condition, ions in the electrolyte can migrate efficiently and can also be stably transported, thereby improving the charge and discharge efficiency and power density of the battery. In addition, the chemical stability of the electrolyte can be favorably maintained, reducing side reactions during high-voltage charging, for example, the decomposition and gas generation of the electrolyte. In this way, a cycle life of the battery is favorably prolonged, and the safety thereof is improved.
[0047] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ternary positive electrode material includes LiNiaCobMcO2, where: M includes at least one of Mn, Al, Ti, V, Fe, Zn, V, Zr, Ce, Cr, or Cu; and a+b+c=1, and 0.3≤a<1. During the charging and discharging of the battery, the NCM ternary positive electrode material, due to instability of its structure, is likely to undergo a phase transition and release active oxygen. The release of such active oxygen can exacerbate decomposition of the electrolyte, leading to an increase in gas generation of the battery. Further, the release of active oxygen can also adversely affect thermal stability of the battery. Through the weak interaction between element F from the fluorosilane gas in the first additive and element O from an oxalate group-rich interfacial film of the second additive, the active oxygen released during the phase transition of an NCM ternary positive electrode can thus be captured. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte can be mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation. Therefore, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the battery can be significantly enhanced, and the battery still exhibits excellent performance especially under the high-voltage condition.
[0048] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material.
[0049] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positive current collector may include a metallic foil or a composite positive current collector. For example, the metallic foil may be an aluminum foil. The composite positive electrode current collector may include a polymer substrate layer and a metallic layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer substrate layer. For example, the composite positive electrode current collector may be formed by depositing a metallic material (such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, and nickel alloy) on the polymer substrate layer (such as substrates of polypropylene (PP) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) ) .
[0050] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positive electrode active material layer may further optionally include a conductive agent. As an example, the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or carbon nanofibers.
[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positive electrode active material layer may further optionally include a binder. As an example, the binder may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) , vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, or a fluorinated acrylate resin.
[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positive electrode plate may be prepared by the following method. The above components for preparing the positive electrode plate, for example, the positive active material, the conductive agent, and the binder, are dispersed in a solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, followed by processes such as drying and cold calendaring, and the positive electrode plate can thus be obtained.
[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery further includes a negative electrode plate and a separator. During the charging and discharging of the battery, active ions are intercalated and deintercalated back and forth between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The electrolyte functions to conduct ions between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, primarily for preventing a short circuit between a positive electrode and a negative electrode while enabling the ions to pass through.
[0054] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer includes a binder.
[0055] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the binder may include at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) , polyacrylic acid (PAA) , polyacrylate sodium (PAAS) , polyacrylamide (PAM) , polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , sodium alginate (SA) , polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) , or carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) .
[0056] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode active material includes at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, meso-carbon microbeads, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, or lithium titanate.
[0057] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the negative electrode active material layer may optionally include a conductive agent. The conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or carbon nanofibers.
[0058] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode active material layer may further optionally include additional additives, such as a thickener (e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) ) .
[0059] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer is disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
[0060] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode current collector may be a metallic foil or a composite current collector. For example, a copper foil may be used as the metallic foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer substrate layer and a metallic layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer substrate layer. The composite current collector may be formed by depositing a metallic material (such as aluminum, copper, copper alloys, nickel, and nickel alloys) on a polymer substrate (such as substrates of polypropylene (PP) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) ) .
[0061] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative electrode plate may be prepared by the following method. The above components for preparing the negative electrode plate, for example, the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder, and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (e.g., deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, followed by processes such as drying and cold calendaring, and the negative electrode plate can thus be obtained.
[0062] The type of the separator is not specifically limited in the present disclosure, and any well-known separator with a porous structure, which exhibits good chemical stability and mechanical stability, can be selected.
[0063] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the material of the separator may include one or more of polyolefin, aromatic polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyether sulfone. Further, the separator may include one or two of polyethylene and polypropylene. In addition, the separator can be obtained by sequentially stacking a plurality of layers of materials. For example, the separator may include a polypropylene layer, a polyethylene layer, and a polypropylene layer that are stacked sequentially.
[0064] The solutions of the present disclosure are described below with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present disclosure, rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure. When the specific technology or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, the technology or conditions described in the literature in the art or a product manual will prevail. Reagents and instruments used without specifying the manufacturer are all conventional and commercially available products.Example 1-1
[0065] 1. Preparation of Positive Electrode Plate
[0066] A positive active material LiNi0.6Co0.1Mn0.3O2, a conductive agent (conductive carbon black) , and a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ) , at a mass ratio of 97: 1.8: 1.2, were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a positive electrode slurry (with a solid content of 72 wt%in the positive electrode slurry) . The positive electrode slurry was coated on the upper and lower surfaces of an aluminum foil, and subjected to drying. After cold calendering, edge trimming, sheet cutting, and slitting, the positive electrode plate was obtained.
[0067] 2. Preparation of Negative Electrode Plate
[0068] Graphite, a conductive agent (conductive carbon black) , a thickener (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ) , and a binder (styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) ) , at a mass ratio of 95.8: 1.2: 1.5: 1.5, were mixed in deionized water to prepare a negative electrode slurry (with a solid content of 51 wt%in the negative electrode slurry) . The negative electrode slurry was coated on the upper and lower surfaces of a copper foil, and subjected to drying. After cold calendering, edge trimming, sheet cutting, and slitting, the negative electrode sheet was obtained.
[0069] 3. Preparation of Electrolyte
[0070] In a glove box filled with argon, a first additive (the compound represented by Formula 1) and a second additive (lithium bis (oxalato) borate) were added to an organic solvent (including ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate, at a volume ratio of 3: 5: 2) . After uniform mixing, LiPF6 was slowly added. After the lithium salt was completely dissolved, an electrollyte with a lithium salt concentration of 12 w / w%was obtained. Based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive was 1.6%, and a mass proportion of the second additive was 0.8%.
[0071] 4. Separator
[0072] A polyethylene film with a thickness of 16 μm was taken as the separator.
[0073] 5. Preparation of Lithium-ion Battery
[0074] The positive electrode plate, the separator, and the negative electrode were stacked, sequentially, with the separator placed between the positive electrode plate and the negative positive electrode plate to isolate the positive electrode plate from the negative electrode plate. They were wound to obtain a bare cell, and tabs were welded. The bare cell was placed in a casing.. The above prepared electrolyte was injected into the dried cell, followed by encapsulating, standing, formation, and capacity grading, thereby completing the preparation of the lithium-ion batteries.
[0075] Examples 1-2 to 1-44 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-8 differed from Example 1-1 as detailed in Table 1.
[0076] Example 1-18 differed from Example 1-1 in that the first additive was replaced with the compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 at a mass ratio of 0.5: 0.5.
[0077] Example 1-19 differed from Example 1-1 in that the secondadditive was replaced with lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate and lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate at a mass ratio of 0.5: 0.5.
[0078] Comparative Example 1-5 differed from Example 1-1 in that the second additive was replaced with lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide.
[0079] Comparative Example 1-6 differed from Example 1-1 in that the first additive was replaced with a compound represented by Formula 18 ( CAS No. : 754-05-2) .Example 2-1
[0080] 1. Preparation of Positive Electrode Plate
[0081] A positive active material LiNi0.6Co0.1Mn0.3O2, a conductive agent (conductive carbon black) , and a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ) , at a mass ratio of 97: 1.8: : 1.2, were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a positive electrode slurry (with a solid content of 72 wt%in the positive electrode slurry) . The positive electrode slurry was coated on the upper and lower surfaces of an aluminum foil, and subjected to drying. After cold calendering, edge trimming, sheet cutting, and slitting, the positive electrode sheet was obtained.
[0082] 2. Preparation of Negative Electrode Plate
[0083] Graphite, a conductive agent (conductive carbon black) , a thickener (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ) , and a binder (styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) ) , at a mass ratio of 95.8: 1.2: 11.5: 1.5, were mixed in deionized water to prepare a negative electrode slurry (with a solid content of 51 wt%in the negative electrode slurry) . The negative electrode slurry was coated on the upper and lower surfaces of a copper foil, and subjected to drying. After cold calendering, edge trimming, sheet cutting, and slitting, the negative electrode plate was obtained.
[0084] 3. Preparation of Electrolyte
[0085] In a glove box filled with argon, a first additive (the compound represented by Formula 1) , a second additive (lithium bis(oxalato)borate) , and a third additive (lithium difluorophosphate) were added to an organic solvent (including ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and diiethyl carbonate, at a volume ratio of 3: 5: 2) . After uniform mixing, LiPF6 was slowly added. After the lithium salt was completely dissolved, an electrolyte with a lithium salt concentration of 12 w / w% was obtained. Based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive was 1%, a mass proportion of the second additive was 1%, and a mass proportion of the third additive was 0.5%.
[0086] 4. Separator
[0087] A polyethylene film with a thickness of 16 μm was taken as the separator.
[0088] 5. Preparation of Lithium-ion Battery
[0089] The positive electrode plate, the separator, and the negative electrode were stacked, sequentially, with the separator placed between the positive electrode plate and the negative positive electrode plate to isolate the positive electrode plate from the negative electrode plate. They were wound to obtain a bare cell, and tabs were welded. The bare cell was placed in a casing.. The above prepared electrolyte was injected into the dried cell, followed by encapsulating,standing, formation, and capacity grading, thereby completing the preparation of the lithium-ion batteries.
[0090] Examples 2-2 to 2-40 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-8 differed from Example 2-1 as detailed in Table 2.
[0091] Example 2-18 differed from Example 2-1 in that the first additive was replaced with the compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 at a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5.
[0092] Example 2-19 differed from Example 2-1 in that the secondadditive was replaced with lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate and lithium tris(oxalato)phosphate at a mass ratio of 0.5:0.5.
[0093] Comparative Examples 2-5 differed from Example 2-1 in that the second additive was replaced with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide.
[0094] Comparative Examples 2-6 differed from Example 2-1 in that the first additive was replaced with a compound represented by Formula 18 ( CAS No.: 754-05-2) .Test Example
[0095] The batteries prepared in Examples 1-2 to 1-44, Examples 2-1 to 40, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-8, and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-8 were subjected to performance tests as described below, respectively.
[0096] 1) Capacity retention test after storage at 60℃ for 30 days
[0097] At 25℃, the batteries were charged to 4.4V at a constant current of 1.0 C, and charged to a cutoff current of 0.05 C at a constant voltage of 4.4 V. Then, the batteries were discharged at a constant current of 0.5 C. The discharge capacity was recorded as C2. The batteries were removed, and their initial thicknesses were measured as T1 using a thickness tester. At 25℃, the batteries were charged to 4.4 V at a constant current of 1.0 C, and then charged to a cutoff current of 0.05 C at a constant voltage of 4.4 V. Then, the batteries were transferred to 60℃ and placed for 15 days, and their thicknesses after 15 days were measured as T2 using the thickness tester. Then, the batteries were discharged at a constant current of 1.0 C, and the discharge capacity was recorded as C3. After storage at 60℃ for 15 days, a capacity retention rate=C3 / C2*100%, and a battery expansion rate=100%* (T2-T1) / T1.
[0098] 2) Initial Direct Current Resistance (DCR) Test
[0099] The batteries after capacity grading were charged to 4.4 V at 1 C at room temperature, left to stand for 5 minutes. Then, the batteries were discharged at 1 C for 30 minutes, left to stand for 1 hour. Then, the batteries were discharged at 2 C for 10 seconds. The DCIR of the batteries at 50%State of Charge (SOC) was calculated.
[0100] The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0101] [Table 1]
[0102] [Table 2]
[0103] The results shown in Table 1 and Table 2 reveal that: all the batteries prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-44 exhibited superior performances over those in Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-8; and all the batteries prepared in Examples 2-1 to 2-40 exhibited superior performances over those in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-8. Such results indicate that through the synthetic effects of the silyl fluorophosphate compound and the lithium salt containing oxalate group, an oxalate group-rich interfacial film and fluorosilane can be stabilized. At the same time, a network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film can be formed, further improving stability of an electrode-electrolyte interface. In addition, element F in fluorosilane gas of the silyl fluorophosphate compound had a weak interaction with element O in the oxalate group-rich interfacial film of the lithium salts containing oxalate groups, such that the active oxygen released during a phase transition of an NCM ternary positive electrode were captured, thereby mitigating side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte and further optimizing an effect of inhibiting gas generation. Therefore, the overall internal resistance of the batteries was lowered, and their high-temperature storage performance and cycle performance were improved.
[0104] As can be seen from Examples 1-2, 1-24 to 1-28, 1-30, 1-31, 1-33, 1-34, 2-2, 2-24 to 2-26, 2-28, 2-29, 2-31, and 2-33, the mass proportion of the first additive ranging from 0.05%to 5.0%was favorable to the construction of stable SEI / CEI interfacial films. Thus, a capacity retention rate of the batteries under high-temperature / long-cycle conditions can be improved. Furthermore, reductive deposition of the transition metal ions on the negative electrode surfaces can be inhibited, thereby exerting significant effects on the reduction of impedance of the batteries and the improvement of low-temperature discharge performance and cycle performance of the batteries. Moreover, the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and fluorosilane can be further stabilized. At the same time, the network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film was favorably further formed, thereby further enhancing the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface. In particular, the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode was favorably captured. As a result, the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte were mitigated, further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation. Therefore, the cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance can be further improved. The effect was better when the mass proportion of the first additive ranged from 0.5%and 2.5%.
[0105] As can be seen from Examples 1-2, 1-29, 1-32, 1-35 to 1-42, 2-2, 2-27, 2-30, and 2-34 to 2-38, the mass proportion of the second additive ranging from 0.3%to 2.5%was favorable to the formation of a continuous interfacial film on the electrode-electrolyte interface, while enhancing both the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interfacial film and facilitating the conduction of lithium ions on the electrode-electrolyte interface. Furthermore, the oxalate group-rich interfacial film and fluorosilane were stabilized. At the same time, the network-structured electrode-electrolyte interfacial film was favorably formed, further improving the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface. In particular, the active oxygen released during the phase transition of the NCM ternary positive electrode were favorably captured, thereby mitigating the side effects of the active oxygen on the electrolyte and further optimizing the effect of inhibiting the gas generation. Therefore, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the batteries can be improved.
[0106] As can be seen from Examples 1-24 to 1-42 and 2-24 to 2-38, when the mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive was (0.05 to 20) : 1, the synergistic effect thereof can be enhanced, and thus overall performance can be improved, thereby ensuring the maximal interaction between the additives. Moreover, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance were significantly enhanced. Preferably, the mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive was (0.5 to 10) : 1. Example 1-33, due to the relatively low mass proportion of the second additive, and Example 1-32, due to the relatively high mass proportion of the first additive, both exhibited slightly lowered cell performance.
[0107] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described above, those skilled in the art would be appreciate that the above-mentioned embodiments cannot be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. Any changes, modifications, alternatives, and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A secondary battery, comprising:a positive electrode plate comprising a ternary positive electrode material; andan electrolyte comprising a first additive and a second additive,wherein the first additive comprises a compound represented by Formula I:Formula I, where:R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from any one of H, F, C1 to C4 alkyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C5 to C7 cycloalkyl, R4-substituted phenyl, and R5-substituted phenmethyl; andR4 and R5 are each independently selected from H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl, C2 to C4 alkynyl, C1 to C4 fluoroalkyl, or C2 to C4 fluoroalkenyl, andwherein the second additive comprises a lithium salt containing an oxalate group.2.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the first additive comprises at least one of compounds represented by Formula 1 to Formula 17: 3.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the second additive comprises at least one of lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) phosphate, or lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate.4.The secondary battery according to claim 1, whereat a mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive is (0.05 to 20) : 1.5.The secondary battery according to claim 1, whereat a mass ratio of the first additive to the second additive is (0.5 to 10) : 1.6.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive ranges from 0.05%to 5.0%.7.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the first additive ranges from 0.5%to 2.5%.8.The secondary battery according to claim 1 or 6, wherein based on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the second additive ranges from 0.3%to 2.5%.9.The secondary battery according to claim 1, further comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, or methyl- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate.10.The secondary battery according to claim 1, further comprising a lithium salt, wherein:the lithium salt comprises at least one of LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiSO3CF3, LiBF4, LiB (C2O4)2, LiBF2C2O4, LiN (SO2F)2, LiN (SO2CF3)2, LiPO2F2, LiPF2 (C2O4)2, or LiPF4C2O4; and / orbased on a total mass of the electrolyte, a mass proportion of the lithium salt ranges from 6%to 25%.11.The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ternary positive electrode material comprises LiNiaCobMcO2, where:M comprises at least one of Mn, Al, Ti, V, Fe, Zn, V, Zr, Ce, Cr, or Cu; anda+b+c=1, and 0.3≤a<1.