Liquid separator and fuel cell system with liquid separator
The liquid separator in fuel cell systems addresses the issue of fixed flow resistance by using a one-way valve and bypass passage to adjust resistance dynamically, enhancing separation efficiency and system performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MANN HUMMEL GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing liquid separators in fuel cell systems cannot adjust flow resistance, affecting separation efficiency and system performance.
A liquid separator with a one-way valve mechanism and a central pipe that includes a bypass passage, allowing fluid to bypass the impeller mechanism when flow resistance exceeds a threshold, reducing resistance and enhancing swirl motion for optimized separation.
The liquid separator automatically adjusts flow resistance, improving separation efficiency and maintaining optimal system performance by reducing fluid resistance and enhancing swirl motion.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024140818_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIQUID SEPARATOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM WITH LIQUID SEPARATORTechnical Field
[0001] Embodiments relate to a liquid separator, and more specifically to a liquid separator for a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system with a liquid separator.Background Art
[0002] In general, a fuel cell generates electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel and oxygen. The fuel cell has been studied and developed as a power supply due to an increase in demand for alternative power supplies. Hydrogen fuel cell, as a real"zero-emission, non-polluting" energy source, is one of the main development directions of clean new energy sources in the future.
[0003] The exhaust gas produced by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell contains a large amount of water and moisture. A liquid separator is needed in a fuel cell system to manage the water produced during the fuel cell reaction process and to ensure the efficient operation and reliability of the fuel cell system. The liquid separator controls water content and maintains optimal hydration state of a membrane electrode assembly, thereby maintaining performance and output power of the fuel cell. The liquid separator prevents water clogging and flooding, separates water or other liquid from the gas flow path in time, avoids problems caused by liquid accumulation, and improves system reliability. The liquid separator also reduces excess water entering a compressor and / or an exhaust system, extending operational life of these components and reducing maintenance costs. In addition, under a variety of environmental conditions, such as low temperatures and high humidity, the liquid separator avoids freezing and excessive water accumulation thus ensuring proper operation of the fuel cell system. Most importantly, the liquid separator optimizes energy efficiency and maintains thermal balance of the fuel cell system, ensuring efficient, reliable, and long-life operation of the fuel cell system.
[0004] The existing liquid separators usually cannot adjust flow resistance through the liquid separators, thus influencing separation efficiency of the liquid separators.
[0005] To this end, it is desirable to develop a liquid separator which will automatically adjust flow resistance through the liquid separator.Summary
[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a liquid separator which will automatically adjust flow resistance through the liquid separator.
[0007] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a liquid separator which will exhibit optimized flow performance.
[0008] In one aspect, a liquid separator for separating a liquid from a fluid flow is provided. The liquid separator comprises: a housing comprising an inlet region at a first end thereof and for receiving fluid flow to be separated, and an outlet region at an opposite second end and for discharging separated fluid flow; a central pipe extending downstream from the inlet region along a longitudinal direction of the housing; a fixed impeller mechanism disposed radially between the housing and the central pipe and secured to the housing and the central pipe. The central pipe is hollow and comprises a bypass passage extending through the central pipe along the longitudinal direction of the housing. The liquid separator further comprises a one-way valve mechanism disposed in an upstream end of the central pipe and configured to be moved between an open position and a closed position, in the open position, the bypass passage being opened so that a part of the fluid flow bypasses the fixed impeller mechanism and flows through the bypass passage to reduce flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing, and in the closed position, the bypass passage being closed so that all of the fluid flow flows through the fixed impeller mechanism.
[0009] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the one-way valve mechanism may comprise a valve plate and a compression spring. The central pipe may comprise a sealing flange at the upstream end of the central pipe, and a support member. A first end of the compression spring may be connected with the valve plate, and an opposite second end of the compression spring may be axially supported on the support member. The compression spring may be configured to normally bias the valve plate to the closed position in which the valve plate engages with the sealing flange in a fluid-tight manner, and to be compressed to move the valve plate to the open position in which the valve plate is moved away from the sealing flange when the flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing exceeds a predetermined threshold, so that a part of the fluid flow flows between the valve plate and an inner wall of the central pipe and then flows through the bypass passage.
[0010] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the fixed impeller mechanism may comprise a plurality of impeller blades distributed around an outer circumference of the central pipe.
[0011] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the housing may further comprise a first housing member and a second housing member. The first housing member may comprise a cylindrical body portion and a first flange extending radially outward from a downstream end of the cylindrical body portion. The second housing member may comprise a first cylindrical portion delimiting the outlet region, a second cylindrical portion located upstream of the first cylindrical portion and having a larger outer diameter than the first cylindrical portion, and a second flange extending radially outward from an upstream end of the second cylindrical portion, the second flange being secured to the first flange in a fluid-tight manner.
[0012] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the liquid separator may further comprise: a swirl guide portion extending downstream from the downstream end of the cylindrical body portion of the first housing member; and an outlet guide portion extending upstream from an upstream end of the first cylindrical portion.
[0013] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the swirl guide portion may be truncated conical, an outer diameter of the swirl guide portion increasing in a downstream direction. The outlet guide portion may be truncated conical, an inner diameter of the outlet guide portion increasing in a downstream direction.
[0014] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the central pipe may axially extend beyond the fixed impeller mechanism.
[0015] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the central pipe may axially extend into the swirl guide portion and end before the outlet guide portion.
[0016] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the central pipe may axially extend into the outlet guide portion.
[0017] According to a beneficial embodiment of the liquid separator, the first housing member may further comprise a liquid outlet portion extending through the first flange in a downward and upstream direction.
[0018] In another aspect, a fuel cell system may be provided. The fuel cell system may comprise: a hydrogen supply unit; a fuel cell stack; an air supply unit; and an exhaust system comprising the liquid separator as described above.
[0019] By means of bypass passage and the one-way valve mechanism, the compression spring is compressed so as to be move the valve plate away from the sealing flange when flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing exceeds a predetermined threshold, so that a part of the fluid flow flows between the valve plate and an inner wall of the central pipe and then flows through the bypass passage. In this way, the flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing is reduced, so as to automatically adjust flow resistance through the liquid separator.
[0020] With the central pipe axially extending beyond the fixed impeller mechanism, swirl motion generated by the fixed impeller mechanism can be enhanced, which will exhibit optimized flow performance, so as to generate a better separation effect.
[0021] Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, the claims and the drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.Brief Description of Drawings
[0022] The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
[0023] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an example liquid separator for the fuel cell system according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism is in an open position.
[0024] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example liquid separator for the fuel cell system according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism is in a closed position.
[0025] Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid separator for the fuel cell system shown in Fig. 2, wherein the one-way valve mechanism is in an open position.
[0026] Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example liquid separator for the fuel cell system according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism is in a closed position.
[0027] Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an example fuel cell system according to embodiments.Description of Embodiments
[0028] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features. Additionally, the drawings are generally schematic and not necessarily to scale. Some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure.
[0029] Certain terminology may be used in the following description for the purpose of reference only, and thus are not intended to be limiting. For example, terms such as “above” and “below” refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. Terms such as “front” , “back” , “fore” , “aft” , “left” , “right” , “rear” , “side” , “upward” , “downward” , “top” , and “bottom” , etc., describe the orientation and / or location of portions of the components or elements within a consistent but arbitrary frame of reference, which is made clear by reference to the text and the associated drawings describing the components or elements under discussion.
[0030] Furthermore, terms such as “first” , “second” , “third” , and so on may be used to describe separate components. Such terminology are used descriptively for the figures, and do not represent limitations on the scope of the disclosure, as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the teachings may be described herein in terms of functional and / or logical block components and / or various processing steps. It should be understood that such block components may include a number of hardware, software, and / or firmware components configured to perform the specified functions.
[0031] As used herein, the term “downstream” or "upstream" may be used to indicate a direction with regard to a flow direction of a fluid flow. As used herein, the term “longitudinal direction" may be used to indicate a direction along a longitudinal axis, and may also be referred to as "axial direction" .
[0032] Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like features throughout the several views.
[0033] Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an example fuel cell system 100 according to embodiments. Referring to Fig. 5, the fuel cell system 100 may comprise a hydrogen supply unit 20, a fuel cell stack 30, an air supply unit 40, and an exhaust system 50.
[0034] The hydrogen supply unit 20 may supply hydrogen from a hydrogen tank to the fuel cell stack 30 according to operating conditions of the fuel cell stack 30. After chemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 30, the remainder of the hydrogen may be exhausted through an outlet of a hydrogen electrode (an anode) of the fuel cell stack 30, or be recirculated to an inlet of the hydrogen electrode of the fuel cell stack 30 by a hydrogen recirculation apparatus (not shown) .
[0035] The fuel cell stack 30 may generate electrical energy from electrochemical reaction between hydrogen fuel and air including oxygen. The fuel cell stack 30 may include a plurality of fuel cells and a plurality of separators alternately stacked. Each fuel cell may include a cathode, an electrolyte layer and an anode. For example, hydrogen supplied to the anode may be separated into hydrogen ions and electrons, the electrons may be moved to the cathode, and, at the cathode, oxygen may be combined with the electrons and thus produce oxygen ions. The oxygen ions may be moved to the anode through the electrolyte layer and be combined with the hydrogen ions at the anode and thus create a reactant, i.e., water. The fuel cell stack 30 may include a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) , a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) , an alkaline fuel cell (AFC) , a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) , a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) , etc., without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0036] The fuel cell stack 30 may include a purge valve (not shown) to exhaust hydrogen within the hydrogen electrode of the fuel cell stack 30. The purge valve may be opened or closed in a predetermined purge interval. Further, sensors (not shown) may be disposed at the outlet of the anode of the fuel cell stack 30, and the sensors (not shown) may measure pressures applied to hydrogen introduced into the fuel cell stack 30 and hydrogen exhausted from the fuel cell stack after reaction and concentrations thereof. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the fuel cell stack 30 may include other components as needed, such as a controller, etc., without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0037] The air supply unit 40 may supply air to the fuel cell stack 30. The fuel cell system 100 may be used in a vehicle, including but are not limited to, a passenger vehicle, sport utility vehicle, light truck, heavy duty vehicle, minivan, bus, transit vehicle, bicycle, moving robot, farm implement (e.g., tractor) , sports-related equipment (e.g., golf cart) , train. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the fuel cell system 100 may be used in any other movable or stationary platform, such as a digger, a compressor, a robot, etc., without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0038] The exhaust system 50 may include a liquid separator 200 configured to separate water from exhaust gas. Although the liquid separator 200 is described to be used in the exhaust system 50 of the fuel cell system 100, as shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the liquid separator 200 may be used in any other suitable application, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0039] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an example liquid separator 200 for the fuel cell system 100 according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism 14 is in an open position. Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example liquid separator 200 for the fuel cell system 100 according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism 14 is in a closed position. Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid separator 200 for the fuel cell system 100 shown in Fig. 2, wherein the one-way valve mechanism 14 is in an open position.
[0040] According to one example, the liquid separator 200 may comprise: a housing 10, a central pipe 13, and fixed impeller mechanism 4. As shown in Fig. 1, the housing 10 is provided with an inlet region 11 at a first end thereof for receiving fluid flow 1 to be separated, and an outlet region 12 at an opposite second end for discharging separated fluid flow 8.
[0041] According to one example, the housing 10 may comprise a first housing member 2 and a second housing member 7. The first housing member 2 may comprise a cylindrical body portion 23 and a first flange 21 extending radially outward from a downstream end of the cylindrical body portion 23. The second housing member 7 may comprise a first cylindrical portion 71 delimiting the outlet region 12, a second cylindrical portion 72, and a second flange 73 extending radially outward from an upstream end of the second cylindrical portion 72, the second flange 73 is secured to the first flange 21 in a fluid-tight manner. The second cylindrical portion 72 is located upstream of the first cylindrical portion 71 and has a larger outer diameter than the first cylindrical portion 71, so as to form an annular space 29 for separating liquid from the fluid flow and for storing separated liquid. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the housing 10 may have other suitable structure, without departing the scope of the disclosure. Although Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4 show the housing 10 as two-parts, the housing 10 can be one-piece, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0042] According to one example, the first housing member 2 and the second housing member 7 may be secured by a plurality of threaded fasteners 90. In this regard, the first flange 21 may be provided with a plurality of threaded holes 22, the second flange 73 may also be provided with a plurality of corresponding threaded holes (not labelled) . As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the first housing member 2 and the second housing member 7 may be secured by any other suitable methods, such as welding, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0043] According to one example, the first housing member 2 may further comprise a liquid outlet portion 9 extending through the first flange 21 in a downward and upstream direction. The liquid outlet portion 9 extends a predetermined distance beyond the first flange 21. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the liquid outlet portion 9 may also be provided in the second flange 73 or any other suitable position, such as welding, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0044] According to one example, a sealing groove (not labelled) may be provided in the second flange 73, and a sealing ring 6 may be disposed in the sealing groove, so as to seal the first housing member 2 to the second housing member 7. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the sealing groove may also be provided in the first flange 21, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0045] According to one example, the fixed impeller mechanism 4 may be disposed radially between the housing 10 and the central pipe 13 and secured to the housing 10 and the central pipe 13. The fixed impeller mechanism 4 comprises a plurality of impeller blades distributed around an outer circumference of the central pipe 13. According to one example, the central pipe 13 may extend downstream from the inlet region 11 along a longitudinal direction of the housing 10. The central pipe 13 is hollow and comprises a bypass passage 5 extending through the central pipe 13 along the longitudinal direction of the housing 10, that is, extending axially.
[0046] According to one example, the liquid separator 200 may further comprise a one-way valve mechanism 14. The one-way valve mechanism 14 is disposed in an upstream end of the central pipe 13 and is configured to be moved between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, the bypass passage 5 is opened so that a part of the fluid flow bypasses the fixed impeller mechanism 4 and flows through the bypass passage 5, so as to reduce flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing 10) . In the closed position, the bypass passage 5 is closed so that all of the fluid flow flows through the fixed impeller mechanism 4.
[0047] According to one example, the liquid separator 200 may further comprise: a swirl guide portion 16 extending downstream from downstream end of the cylindrical body portion 23 of the first housing member 2; and an outlet guide portion 15 extending upstream from upstream end of the first cylindrical portion 71.
[0048] According to one example, the swirl guide portion 16 may be truncated conical, an outer diameter of the swirl guide portion 16 increases in a downstream direction. According to one example, the outlet guide portion 15 is truncated conical, an inner diameter of the outlet guide portion 15 increases in a downstream direction. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the swirl guide portion 16 may have other suitable shape, such as combination of a cylindrical portion and a truncated conical portion, without departing the scope of the disclosure. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the outlet guide portion 15 may have other suitable shape, such as combination of a cylindrical portion and a truncated conical portion, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0049] According to one example, the one-way valve mechanism 14 may comprise a valve plate 17 and a compression spring 3. In this regard, the central pipe 13 is provided with a sealing flange 19 at the upstream end of the central pipe 13 and is provided with a support member 18. A first end of the compression spring 3 is connected with the valve plate 17, and an opposite second end of the compression spring 3 is axially supported on the support member 18. The compression spring 3 is configured to normally bias the valve plate 17 to the closed position in which the valve plate 17 engages with the sealing flange 19 in a fluid-tight manner. The compression spring 3 is configured to be compressed so as to be move the valve plate 17 to the open position in which the valve plate 17 is moved away from the sealing flange 19 when flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing 10 exceeds a predetermined threshold, so that a part of the fluid flow flows between the valve plate 17 and an inner wall of the central pipe 13 and then flows through the bypass passage 5. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the one-way valve mechanism 14 may have other suitable structure, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0050] According to one example, the central pipe 13 may axially extend beyond the fixed impeller mechanism 4. In this way, swirl motion generated by the fixed impeller mechanism 4 can be enhanced, which will exhibit optimized flow performance, so as to generate a better separation effect.
[0051] According to one example, the central pipe 13 may axially extend into the swirl guide portion 16 and ends before the outlet guide portion 15, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The distance L may be varied between a downstream end of the fixed impeller mechanism 4 and a downstream end of the swirl guide portion 16. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the distance L may be any other suitable value, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0052] Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example liquid separator 200 for the fuel cell system 100 according to embodiments, wherein the one-way valve mechanism 14 is in a closed position. According to one example, the central pipe 13 may axially extend into the outlet guide portion 15 by a predetermined distance M. According to one example, the predetermined distance M may be greater than 0%of a total axial length of the outlet guide portion 15 and less than 100%of the total axial length of the outlet guide portion 15. Preferably, the predetermined distance M may be greater than 5%of a total axial length of the outlet guide portion 15 and less than 80%of the total axial length of the outlet guide portion 15. As shall be understood for those skilled in the art, the predetermined distance M may be any other suitable value, without departing the scope of the disclosure.
[0053] Now, operation of the liquid separator 200 is described. Fluid flow 1 to be separated is guided into the inlet region 11, flows through the fixed impeller mechanism 4. Then, swirled fluid flow will flow along a path between the inner wall of the housing 10 and the central pipe 13, as shown in hollow arrows, into the annular space 29, and impinges onto the inner wall of the housing 10. Liquid contained in the fluid flow is separated and collected in a bottom portion of the annular space 29, and are discharge via the liquid outlet portion 9. The fixed impeller mechanism 4 will generate flow resistance to the fluid flow. When flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing 10 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the compression spring 3 is compressed so as to be move the valve plate 17 away from the sealing flange 19, so that a part of the fluid flow flows between the valve plate 17 and an inner wall of the central pipe 13 and then flows through the bypass passage 5, as shown in Fig. 3. In this way, the flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing 10 is reduced, so as to automatically adjust flow resistance through the liquid separator 200.
[0054] Aspects of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments; those skilled in the art will recognize, however, that many modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein; any and all modifications, changes, and variations apparent from the foregoing descriptions are within the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the present concepts expressly include any and all combinations and subcombinations of the preceding elements and features.
Claims
1.A liquid separator (200) for separating a liquid from a fluid flow, the liquid separator (200) comprising:a housing (10) comprising an inlet region (11) at a first end thereof and for receiving fluid flow (1) to be separated, and an outlet region (12) at an opposite second end and for discharging separated fluid flow (8) ;a central pipe (13) extending downstream from the inlet region (11) along a longitudinal direction of the housing (10) ;a fixed impeller mechanism (4) disposed radially between the housing (10) and the central pipe (13) and secured to the housing (10) and the central pipe (13) ,wherein the central pipe (13) is hollow and comprises a bypass passage (5) extending through the central pipe (13) along the longitudinal direction of the housing (10) ; anda one-way valve mechanism (14) disposed in an upstream end of the central pipe (13) and configured to be moved between an open position and a closed position, in the open position, the bypass passage (5) being opened so that a part of the fluid flow bypasses the fixed impeller mechanism (4) and flows through the bypass passage (5) to reduce flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing (10) , and in the closed position, the bypass passage (5) being closed so that all of the fluid flow flows through the fixed impeller mechanism (4) .2.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 1, wherein the one-way valve mechanism (14) comprises a valve plate (17) and a compression spring (3) ,the central pipe (13) comprises a sealing flange (19) at the upstream end of the central pipe (13) , and a support member (18) ,a first end of the compression spring (3) is connected with the valve plate (17) , and an opposite second end of the compression spring (3) is axially supported on the support member (18) , andthe compression spring (3) is configured to normally bias the valve plate (17) to the closed position in which the valve plate (17) engages with the sealing flange (19) in a fluid-tight manner, and to be compressed to move the valve plate (17) to the open position in which the valve plate (17) is moved away from the sealing flange (19) when the flow resistance of the fluid flow in the housing (10) exceeds a predetermined threshold, so that a part of the fluid flow flows between the valve plate (17) and an inner wall of the central pipe (13) and then flows through the bypass passage (5) .3.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 1, wherein the fixed impeller mechanism (4) comprises a plurality of impeller blades distributed around an outer circumference of the central pipe (13) .4.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 1, wherein the housing (10) further comprises a first housing member (2) and a second housing member (7) ,the first housing member (2) comprises a cylindrical body portion (23) and a first flange (21) extending radially outward from a downstream end of the cylindrical body portion (23) , andthe second housing member (7) comprises a first cylindrical portion (71) delimiting the outlet region (12) , asecond cylindrical portion (72) located upstream of the first cylindrical portion (71) and having a larger outer diameter than the first cylindrical portion (71) , and a second flange (73) extending radially outward from an upstream end of the second cylindrical portion (72) , the second flange (73) being secured to the first flange (21) in a fluid-tight manner.5.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 4, further comprising:a swirl guide portion (16) extending downstream from the downstream end of the cylindrical body portion (23) of the first housing member (2) ; andan outlet guide portion (15) extending upstream from an upstream end of the first cylindrical portion (71) .6.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 5, wherein the swirl guide portion (16) is truncated conical, an outer diameter of the swirl guide portion (16) increasing in a downstream direction, andthe outlet guide portion (15) is truncated conical, an inner diameter of the outlet guide portion (15) increasing in a downstream direction.7.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 6, wherein the central pipe (13) axially extends beyond the fixed impeller mechanism (4) .8.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 7, wherein the central pipe (13) axially extends into the swirl guide portion (16) and ends before the outlet guide portion (15) .9.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 7, wherein the central pipe (13) axially extends into the outlet guide portion (15) .10.The liquid separator (200) according to claim 4, wherein the first housing member (2) further comprises a liquid outlet portion (9) extending through the first flange (21) in a downward and upstream direction.11.Afuel cell system (100) comprising:a hydrogen supply unit (20) ;a fuel cell stack (30) ;an air supply unit (40) ; andan exhaust system (50) comprising the liquid separator (200) according to claim 1.