Method, apparatusand system for non-3GPP sensing
The method and apparatus facilitate reliable management of non-3GPP sensing nodes by reporting and utilizing their capabilities, addressing the complexity of diverse sensing attributes and enhancing sensing management efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
The management of non-3GPP apparatus is complex due to the diverse range of sensing attributes they support, which is not adequately addressed by 3GPP RF-based sensing measurements.
A method and apparatus for managing non-3GPP sensing nodes by transmitting and receiving capability information, enabling reliable power control and management of non-3GPP apparatus based on reported sensing capabilities.
Enables reliable management and efficient utilization of non-3GPP sensing apparatus by specifying various capabilities such as wavelength, rate, resolution, and object detection, reducing unnecessary data transmission and improving overall sensing management.
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Figure CN2025082065_25062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUSAND SYSTEM FOR NON-3GPP SENSING
[0001] The present application claims priority to US patent application No. 63 / 735,198, entitled "Methods, Apparatuses, and Systems for 3GPP and non-3GPP Sensing Association" , filed on December 17, 2024 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to amethod, apparatus and system for non-3GPP sensing.BACKGROUND
[0003] Sensing technology has found extensive applications across multiple domains. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technologycan perform radio frequency (RF) -based sensing measurements. However, the range of sensing attributes that the RF-based sensing measurements can support is relatively limited compared to some non-3GPP apparatus. The non-3GPP apparatus covers a vast and diverse range of technologies, which brings about a complex management challenge.
[0004] Therefore, how to manage non-3GPP apparatus is an urgent technical solution to be solved.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatusand system forpowercontrol, which provides a reliable power control mechanism.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at management side, for example, a management node or a module in a management node (e.g., a circuit or a chip) . For example, the method is applied to a management node. The method includes: a management node transmits first information for requesting a sensing capability and receives capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node. The sensing node includes at least one non-3rdGeneration Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.
[0007] According to the above technical solution, the management node could obtain non-3GPP sensing capabilityof a sensing node, which includes at least one non-3GPP apparatus. Thus, non-3GPP sensing apparatus could be managed basedon reported sensing capabilityreliably.
[0008] According to a second aspect, a method is described. The method may be applied at sensing node side, for example, a sensing node or a module in a sensing node, a circuit or a chip. For example, the method is applied to a sensing node. The method includes: a sensing node receives first information for requesting a sensing capability and transmits capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node, the sensing node comprising at least one non-3rdGeneration Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.
[0009] According to the above technical solution, thesensing node that includes at least one non-3GPP sensing apparatus could report its non-3GPP sensing capability. Thus, non-3GPP sensing apparatus could be managed basedon reported sensing capabilityreliably.
[0010] According to the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible design, the sensing capability comprises one or more of: sensing type of each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, one or more supported sensing attributes from a sensing object by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, and one or more capabilities supported by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0011] According to the above technical solution, the sensing node could report its non-3GPP sensing capability from various dimensions, enabling more reliable non-3GPP sensing apparatusmanagement.
[0012] According to the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible design, a capability parameter set is associated with each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0013] According to the above technical solution, the sensing node could report its sensing capability at the granularity of non-3GPP apparatus.
[0014] According to the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible design, the one or more capabilities supported by one of the one or more non-3GPP apparatus comprise one or more of: wavelength capability, rate capability, range capability, resolution capability, object detection capability, color detection capability, material detection capability and temperature detection capability.
[0015] According to the above technical solution, the capability of each non-3GPP apparatus can be specified various capabilities. The management node could manage the non-3GPP apparatus more reliably.
[0016] According to the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible design, the first information comprises at least one sensing capability item, and the capability information is based on the at least one sensing capability item.
[0017] According to the above technical solution, the sensing node may fill capability parameters in sensing capability items, enabling the capability information to be interpreted reliably.
[0018] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the management node transmits second information based on the capability information, where the second information indicates an identifier of each of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0019] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the sensing node receives second information based on the capability information, where the second information indicates an identifier of each of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0020] According to the above technical solution, part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatusmay be assigned with identifiers, which facilitates subsequent communication.
[0021] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the management node transmits third informationbased on the capability information, where the third information indicates part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus to report sensingdata when a condition is fulfilled.
[0022] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the sensing node receives third informationbased on the capability information, where the third information indicates part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus to report sensingdata when a condition is fulfilled.
[0023] According to the above technical solution, the sensing node could transmit sensing data when the indicated condition is fulfilled, to save unnecessary sensing data transmission.
[0024] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the management node receives sensing data from part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0025] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the sensing node transmits sensing data from part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0026] According to the first aspect or the second aspect, in a possible design, the sensing data is marked with the corresponding identifier of the part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.
[0027] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the management node could distinguish the sensing data based on the marked identifiers.
[0028] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0029] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0030] According to a fifth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0031] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0032] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0033] The communication apparatus may be a management node, a module in a management node, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a management node, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0034] According to a sixth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0035] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0036] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0037] The communication apparatus may be a sensing node, a module in a sensing node, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a sensing node, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0038] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0039] According to aneighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first or the second aspect.
[0040] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first or the second aspect.
[0041] According to a tenth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a sensing node of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a management node of the present application.
[0042] According to aneleventh aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a sensing node of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a management nodeof the present application.
[0043] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100;
[0046] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station;
[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device;
[0048] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410;
[0049] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a non-3GPP system according to some implementations of this application;
[0050] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method for non-3GPP sensing management according to some implementations of this application;
[0051] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing nodes with indexes according to some implementations of this application;
[0052] FIG. 9 illustrates an example ofapparatus with identifiers according to some implementations of this application;
[0053] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example of a sensing procedure according to some implementations of this application; and
[0054] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example of another sensing procedure according to some implementations of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0055] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0056] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a , 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0057] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0058] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0059] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0060] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0061] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet the network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0062] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0063] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0064] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0065] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, or the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0066] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0067] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0068] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the foregoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) chip, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0069] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0070] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0071] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0072] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0073] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0074] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or more transceivers necessary to support such technologies and / or functions.
[0075] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0076] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e, g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0077] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0078] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0079] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for faciltating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0080] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0081] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0082] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0083] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0084] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore can also be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0085] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0086] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0087] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0088] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0089] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0090] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0091] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0092] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0093] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or a reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0094] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of the circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0095] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present diclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0096] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0097] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0098] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0099] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0100] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0101] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0102] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0103] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0104] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of the corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0105] Wireless sensing relies on analyzing the transmissions, reflections, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Moreover, utilizing sensing assistance information (e.g., map, UE position or velocity information) can be considered as an additional information to improve the sensing performance. Future wireless communication systems, such as those standardized or planned for standardization by organizations like the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , are expected to support high accuracy sensing and positioning. Wireless communication standards, collectively referred to herein as “3GPP” , may only define protocols for sharing sensing assistance information from a subset of all available sensing technologies. For example, a 3GPP protocol sensing measurement may only include radio frequency (RF) -based sensing measurements. However, a solely RF-based sensing measurement may be unable to achieve a desired high level of sensing accuracy and performance. In particular, the ability to determine certain target attributes and materials from RF-based sensing measurements is challenging and in some cases impossible. While “3GPP” is used in the present disclosure for brevity, the skilled person would understand that wireless communication standards also include standards defined by other organizations; accordingly, the term “3GPP” may be interpreted to represent any suitable wireless communication standard that defines a protocol for communicating sensing assistance information.
[0106] Due to the limitations of the aforementioned 3GPP sensing technology, a non-3GPP technology may be used to overcome these limitations. Examplesof the non-3GPP sensing technology are given in conjunction with FIG. 6.
[0107] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a non-3GPP system according to some implementations of this application.
[0108] Anon-3GPP sensing system may include various types of non-3GPP sensing apparatus, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) , Camera, Radar, ultrasonic, etc. Notably, in some implementations, the term “sensing apparatus” and term “sensor” may be used interchangeably.
[0109] In some implementations, one or more sensing apparatus maybe installed on a sensing node; or be communicatively coupled / associated with a sensing node; etc. The sensing node may be at terminalside, network side, or others. For example, a sensing node may be a vehicle, whichis equipped with radar, camera and other sensing apparatus. While the present disclosure illustrates some examples of sensing nodes, these examples are not intended tolimiting.
[0110] On the other hand, there are a plethora of non-3GPP sensing technologies especially on vehicles which are currently an optional feature, such as adaptive cruise control, 360-degree radar, etc. However, these technologies will be a standard or even mandatory safety features available in next decade. Not only, these measurements of these sensors would be widely in the environment and they contain valuable information about the local sensing environment, but also some of them can provide high accuracy sensing, e.g. the accuracy of the LIDAR is 0.5mm -1cm.
[0111] It is with high possibility that eventually for high level of sensing, the measurements obtained by these non-3GPP sensors should be utilized. Additionally, some of these sensors are sharing a similar location and orientation, which facilitates the measurement fusing at the network (NW) . Moreover, in case of the sensor mobility, the velocity or moving direction of the sensors can also be measured by the built-in GPS sensor or the device that the sensor is built on. For example, an accurate odometer inside the vehicle.
[0112] Non-3GPP sensors may have different domain of tasks e.g. LIDAR, Ultrasonic, Gyroscope, Camera, etc. with different sorts of capabilities. Each sensor has different point of view of the sensing targets and these points of views should be solved at the NW for fusing the information. The NW should distinguish each measurements of the sensors.
[0113] Non-3GPP sensor data comprise the sensors either standalone like standalone Camera, standalone LIDAR, or inside a device connected to the NW sharing a same position or orientation to be fused, e.g. gyroscope, LIDAR, camera, radar, in mobile terminal, autonomous vehicle’s sensors, or UAVs.
[0114] Based on the diversity of non-3GPP sensing apparatus described above, a method for managing non-3GPP sensing apparatus is described in conjunction with FIG. 7.
[0115] The method can be applied to various types ofcommunication systems (e.g., any one of communication system described in FIGs. 1 to 3) . For example, the method may be performed by a management node (or a module in a management node) and a sensing node (or a module in a sensing node) . The sensing node or the management node may be anyone of apparatus described in FIGs. 1 to 5. For example, the sensing node may be anyone ofEDs 110 ornetwork nodes 170. The management node may be any one of EDs 110, network nodes 170, or other functions (e.g., a function in core network, other networks, etc. ) .
[0116] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of amethod for non-3GPP sensing management according to some implementations of this application.
[0117] At step 710, amanagement node transmits first information to asensing node. Correspondingly, the sensing node receives the first information from the management node.
[0118] At step 720, the sensing node transmits capability information to the management node. Correspondingly, the management node receives the capability information from the sensing node.
[0119] The first information is for requesting a sensing capability. Thecapability information indicates the sensingcapability of the sensing node including at least one non-3GPP apparatus. Inother words, the sensing node may report itsnon-3GPP sensing capability in response to the first information. Thus, non-3GPP sensing apparatus could be managed basedon reported sensing capabilityreliably.
[0120] A sensing node may includeat least one non-3GPP sensing apparatus, which may include the trusted and / or untrusted non-3GPP apparatus. In other words, a sensing node may be communicatively coupled / associated with at least one non-3GPP sensing apparatus. Thus, the sensing nodecould obtaincapabilities of each non-3GPP sensing apparatus. The non-3GPP sensing apparatus may be of various types, for example, radar, camera, LiDAR, ultrasonic, etc. In some implementations, the term “sensing apparatus” and term “sensor” may be used interchangeably.
[0121] The sensing capabilitymay include various capability parameters thatcollectively specify how a non-3GPPsensing apparatus to performsensing. For example, the capability parameters may specify the sensing type, at least one sensing attribute (s) , and / or sensing performance (e.g., precision, range, etc. ) ofeach non-3GPP sensingapparatus.
[0122] In some implementations, the sensing type may be divided by the types of non-3GPP sensing apparatus, e.g., camera, LiDAR, ultrasonic, etc.
[0123] In some implementations, the sensing attributes may specify the features that the non-3GPP sensing apparatus can obtain froma sensing object. For example, the sensing attributes may include oneor more of: velocity, position, orientation, color, materials, size and etc.
[0124] In some implementations, the sensing performance may specify the capabilities of a non-3GPP sensing apparatus to perform sensing. The capabilities supported by oneof the one or more non-3GPP apparatuscomprise one or more of:wavelength capability, rate capability, rangecapability, resolutioncapability, object detection capability, color detection capability, material detection capability and temperature detection capability. For example, the sensing performance may be indicated by one or moremeasurement parameters supported by the non-3GPP sensing apparatus. As an example, the supported measurement parametersmay includesensing range, field of view (FOV) , resolution, pointcloud rate, wavelength supported by a LiDAR, colorsupported by a camera (e.g., RGB, WG) , night version supported by a camera, frame rate supported by a camera, a parameter that indicates whether object detection is supported, a parameter that indicates whether non-line of sight (NLOS) / line of sight (LOS) is supported, etc.
[0125] Notably, the capability parametersare related to the application scenario, and not all of them are listed here.
[0126] The capability information may report the sensing capability in various ways. Thecapability information may indicate the capability parameters explicitly or implicitly.
[0127] In some implementations, the capability information may include the capability parameters that specify the sensing type, at least one sensing attribute (s) and / or sensing performance (e.g., precision, range, etc. ) ofat least one non-3GPP sensingapparatusincluded in a sensing node. For example, each non-3GPP sensing apparatus is associated with a capability parameter setthat includes capability parameters of the corresponding non-3GPP sensing apparatus. As an example, a sensing node may include sensor#1, sensor#2 and sensor#3. A capability parameter set#1 carried by capability information include capability parameters specifying how sensor#1 to perform sensing, acapability parameter set#2 carried by capability informationinclude capability parameters specifying how sensor#2 to perform sensing, and acapability parameter set#3 carried by capability informationinclude capability parameters specifying how sensor#3 to perform sensing. Thus, the management node couldobtain the sensing capability of each non-3GPP sensing apparatus.
[0128] In some implementations, at least one sensing capability item may be pre-defined, pre-configured or indicated (e.g., indicated by the first information) , and the capability information may be generated based on theat least one sensing capability item. The at least one sensing capability item may correspond to at least one capability parameter, respectively. For example, the atleast one sensing capability item may include sensing type items, e.g., “LiDAR” , “Camera” , “Radar” and “ultrasonic” . The capability information coulduse 4 bits where each bitmay correspond to a sensing type. As an example, the capability information carries a 4-bitsequence “1100” , which represents that thesensing node includes “LiDAR” and “Camera” apparatus andnot include “Radar” and “ultrasonic” apparatus. For another example, the at least one sensing capability may include sensing attribute items, e.g., velocity, position, orientation, etc.
[0129] Notably, the pre-defined, pre-configured or indicatedsensing capability itemsmay be derived from related code, table, function, text, string or a combination thereof. For illustrative purposes, an example of sensing capability that includes the sensing types is illustrated in Table 1.
[0130] Table 1
[0131] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to indicating the available sensorsin the sensing node (SeN) as shown by example in Table 1. For example, in Table 1, the SeN1 is equipped with non-3GPP sensors which are LIDAR and Camera., while it does not any sensing capability of Radar or Ultrasonic.
[0132] As aforementioned, each non-3GPPsensing apparatus may be associated with a capability parameter set. For illustrativepurposes, an example of a capability parameter set associated with the LiDARof SeN1 is given in Table 2, and an example of a capability parameter set associated with the Camera of SeN1 is given in Table 3.
[0133] Table 2:
[0134] Table 3:
[0135] In some implementations, more detail of the non-3GPP sensor may be indicated to the NW (as an example of a management node) like an example as shown in Table 2 and Table 3. Referring to the previous example, where SeN1 only is capable of sensing with LIDAR and Camera, Table 2 and Table 3 indicates what is the capability (e.g., measurement parameters) of each sensor. For example, in case of first index of LIDAR, the sensor’s wavelength is 9056 nm, or for Camera index 1, the sensor is capable of capturing video with 60 FPS with RGB colors and also night vision.
[0136] Notably, a sensing node may include one or more non-3GPP sensing apparatus of the same sensingtype. As an example, in Table 3, the sensing node may include 3 cameras. In some implementations, each sensing type may be associated with a capability parameter item set. For example, a capability parameter item set including “frame rate” , “FOV” , “Color” and “night vision” may be associated with the sensing type of camera. A capability parameter item set including “wavelength” , “FOV” , “resolution” and “point rate” may be associated with the sensing type of LiDAR.
[0137] In some instances of these implementations, the capability information may be carried in multi-levelsignals. For example, the management node may request sensing types supported by the sensing node, and the sensing node may report the supported sensing typesto the management node. Then the management node may further request other capability parameters and indicate a capability parameter item set for each reported sensing type, and the sensing node report the sensing capability based on the indicated capability parameter item set (s) .
[0138] In some other implementations, the sensing nodemaybe associated with a capability parameter item set. The sensing node generates a capability parameter set for each non-3GPP sensing apparatus based on the capability parameter item set. For illustrative purposes, an example is given in Table 4.
[0139] Table 4
[0140] In some implementations instead of sensing the capability of the sensor, the availability of the feature (e.g., sensing attribute) can be requested by the NW (as an example of the management node) . For example, velocity, relative velocity, position, relative position, orientation, color, material, size of the object, LOS / NLOS with sensor. The NW may further request the actual sensing task based on the feedback of the capability of each sensor.
[0141] In this example the NW requests the specific feature from the non-3GPP sensor. The sensor, based on its capability, as shown by example in Table 4, responds to this request. The example in Table 4 shows which feature each SeN is capable of extracting. For instance, Sensor 1 is capable of measuring the velocity, Position, Orientation, object detection, and LOS / NLOS with target, while is not capable of finding the color or materials of the sensing target. Based on these capabilities, most probably this SeN is mainly deployed with LIDAR not Camera based sensor. The sensors may response by sending a binary indication of their capabilities. For instance, if the camera is only capable of capturing white and gray frames, for the color request, it will response “NA” or “0” indicating that it cannot extract the color feature.
[0142] In some other aspects the capability of the sensor can be extended to the maximum number of the targets to detect, maximum number of features per target to detect (for example, velocity, position, vision, etc. ) , maximum number of options per features to detect (for example, White and gray, RGB, Night vision) . Non-3GPP sensors with lower capabilities will no longer be indicated for complicated tasks.
[0143] Notably, in some implementations, the capability information may further indicate sensing capability of 3GPP apparatus included in the sensing node. Thus, the management node could coordinate the non-3GPP sensing capability and 3GPP sensing capability, to improve the performance of sensing.
[0144] In some implementations, the first information may further request the 3GPP sensing capability of the sensing node.
[0145] Notably, although only one sensing node is illustrated, the first information may be used to request the sensing capabilities of two or more sensing nodes. In some implementations, the management node may transmit the firstinformation to the sensing node in a unicast mode, multi-cast mode or broadcast mode. For example, the first information may carry identifiers of one or more sensing nodesto request its / their sensing capability. Foranother example, one or more sensing nodes that receive the first information report its / their sensingcapability.
[0146] For example, FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing nodes with indexes according to some implementations of this application. The managementnode is illustrated as TRP / SeMF / NW without limitation. Eachsensing node may be associated with an identifiersuch as SeN1, SeN2, SeN3 and SeN4 illustrated in FIG. 9.
[0147] Notably, in some implementations, the sensing node may report its sensing capability unsolicited.
[0148] The first informationand the capabilityinformation may be carried in various signals. In some embodiments NW (as an example of a management node) requests for sensor capabilities in sensing protocol with signal “CapabilityRequest” , and the sensor (as an example of sensing node) responses the capabilities in the same protocol, and with signal “CapabilityResponse” (an example of signal carrying capability information) .
[0149] In some implementations, each non-3GPP sensing apparatus may be associated with an identifier. Notably, in some examples of this application, the terms “identifier” , “index” and “label” may be used interchangeably. Theidentifier of the non-3GPP sensing apparatusmay be pre-defined, pre-configured orindicated. In some instances, the identifier may be assigned by the management node. That is, the management node and the sensing node may further perform step 730.
[0150] Optionally, at step 730, the management node transmits second information to the sensing node. Correspondingly, the sensing node receives the second information from the management node.
[0151] The second information may indicate an identifier of each of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus. For example, the management node may assign an identifier for each non-3GPP apparatus included in the sensing node. For another example, the management node may select part of non-3GPP apparatus included in the sensing nodeand assign an identifier for each of the selected non-3GPP apparatus. As an example, the management node may select the non-3GPP apparatus based on reported capability information and a sensing task to be performed. In other words, the management node may select non-3GPP apparatus suitable for performing a certain sensing task and assign identifiers to the selected apparatus, which could be used in subsequent sensing task.
[0152] For example, FIG. 9 illustrates an example ofapparatus with identifiers according to some implementations of this application. The managementnode is illustrated as TRP / SeMFwithout limitation. Eachsensingapparatus may be associated with an identifiersuch assensor1, sensor2 andsensor3 illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0153] The non-3GPP sensing apparatus included in the sensing node could obtain sensing data from its environment. In some implementations, the sensing node may transmit the sensing data to the management node unsolicited; or transmit the sensing data in response to a request; or transmit the sensing data periodically; or transmit the sensing data when a condition is fulfilled; or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the management node may request the sensing data or indicate the sensing node how to transmit the sensing data. In other words, the management node and the sensing node may further perform step 740.
[0154] Optionally, at step 740, the management node transmits third information to the sensing node. Correspondingly, the sensing node receives the third information from the management node.
[0155] The third information may requestthe sensing data; or indicate the time period for transmitting sensing data; or indicate part or all ofthe at least one non-3GPP apparatus to report sensing data when a condition isfulfilled; or a combination thereof.
[0156] Notably, in some implementations, the terms “sensing data” , “sensing report” , “measurements” and “measurementreport” may be used interchangeably.
[0157] In some implementations, the SeN or sensing UE may initiate the sensing report without being requested by the NW (as an example of a management node) . The SeN may trigger a non-3GPP report measurement report to the NW by measuring a new event in the environment (as an example of conditionfor transmitting sensing data) . A new event may be defined as any changes in the measurement that could be reported to the NW. The trigger level or the threshold may be defined by the NW. In this aspect, the SeN does not send the non-3GPP measurement frequently, it may report the measurements in case of observing a new event or measuring new sensing target.
[0158] For example, the condition may be data size condition, as an instance, the sensing node may transmit the sensing data when the size of sensing data is greater than or equal to a threshold. For another example, the condition may be a location condition, as an instance, the sensing node may transmit the sensing data when the sensing node moves to a certain range. The condition could be defined based on application scenario, and not all of them are listed here.
[0159] Notably, in some implementations, the firstinformation, second information and / or other information may further indicate configurations so that the sensing node could perform sensing based on the configurations.
[0160] Notably, step 730 and step 740 may be implemented individually or in a combination. As aforementioned, the sensing node may transmit the sensing data, e.g., based on second information and / or third information. That is, the management node and the sensing node may further perform step 750.
[0161] Optionally, at step 750, the sensing node transmits sensing data to the management node. Correspondingly, the management node receives the sensing data from the sensing node.
[0162] In some implementations, the sensing data may be marked with labels. The labels mayinclude one ormore of: identifiers of non-3GPP sensing apparatus, the identifier ofsensing node, sensing typesand sensing attributes. Thus, the management node could reliably manage the sensing data.
[0163] In some instances, since not all sensors have the same capabilities, their measurement may be classified based on their capabilities. For example, in autonomous vehicles (as an example of sensing nodes) , some vehicles are equipped with LIDAR, Radar, and Camera, while the other vehicles may only equip with Cameras. This difference can be extended to all different sensing devices such as stationary sensors, UAV sensors, etc.
[0164] Additionally, for each sensor there are different capabilities that can be categorized. For example, typical LIDAR wavelengths for 3D imaging are 905nm and 1550nm, where 1550nm wavelength LiDAR sensors can operate at higher power, enhancing detection range and penetration through rain and fog. The primary advantage of 905nm is its absorption by silicon, making silicon-based photodetectors cheaper than those required for 1550nm. Another example is Field of View (FOV) for both vertical and horizontal angle, and etc.
[0165] Therefore, not only the plurality of sensor in same object (e.g. AV) may be categorized based on the capabilities (because they have correlation in time position, and etc. ) , sub-categories should indicate the capabilities of each sensor itself, LIDAR, Camera, Radar, etc.
[0166] Someimplementations of about the present disclosure relate to indexing the sensor based on “CapabilityResponse” (as anexample of capability information) , wherein the NW (as an example of management node) indicates the required non-3GPP sensors by assigning index, label, or tag “non3GPPLabel” to the SeN. Then, the measurements of the non-3GPP will be tagged with “non3GPPLabel” to be reported to the NW as shown in Table 5.
[0167] Table 5:
[0168] Then NW can distinguish each feature based on non3GPPLabel and in case of fusing, it can decide which feature is coming from which sensors based on their reliability. For example, in the case of range estimation, LIDARs and Radars are more precise than Camera.
[0169] In some embodiments each sensor may be equipped with GPS time, then the features can also be time stamp for further processing and tracking with more iteration or other SeN.
[0170] Some aspects of the present disclosure include methods for indicating the capabilities of the non-3GPP sensors, where NW request for sensor’s capabilities. The capability can be either based on the ability of the sensor itself, which depends on its configuration, or it can be based on the ability of the sensor on capturing a special feature from the environment. For example, there may be different sensors, each capable of extracting specific feature, LIDAR, Camera, etc., while each sensor may equip with different capability, for instance, a LIDAR with different wavelength or field of view. Moreover, NW assign an index or id for each sensor, enabling the sensing node (SeN) to tag the non-3GPP measurement and report them to the NW. Then NW would be able to distinguish the sensor’s measurements.
[0171] Accordingly, some aspects of the present disclosure may enable high-accuracy sensing using non-3GPP sensing information. Instead of raw data, compress form of data or special features may be shared with the NW.
[0172] According to the above technical solution, a sensing node may report itsnon-3GPP sensing capabilityto a management node. Thus, non-3GPP sensing apparatus could be managed basedon reported sensing capabilityreliably.
[0173] As aforementioned, in some implementations, NW assigns index for each non-3GPP sensor to be distinguishable at the NW or sensing management function (SeMF) . In one implementation the NW or TRP indicates the selected sensors based on their capability report by assigning a label or index. The measurements done by the sensor are tagged by this index for further processing at the NW or SeMF. The other aspect is about SeN initiating the measurements report by observing a new event in the environment. The new event is defined as any changes in the non-3GPP measurements that triggers by a threshold and must be reported to the NW. This aspect avoids unnecessary measurement reports and reduce signaling overhead.
[0174] Signaling diagrams illustrating example procedures consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.
[0175] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an example of a sensing procedure according to some implementations of this application. In FIG. 10, the management node (e.g., SeMF, NW, TRP, etc., which can be either considered in RAN or part of the core) , sends the capability request and waits for the response. Then based on the service or required application, TRP selects the non-3GPP sensors by assigning labels to them. SeN may feedback the measurement report by tagging with the label and report back to the NW. For example:
[0176] At step 1010, the management node transmits first information to the sensing node.
[0177] For example, without limitation, the first information is illustrated as non-3GPP sensor capability request, which is carried in a message “non3GPPcapabilityRequest” . Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 710.
[0178] At step 1020, the sensing node transmits capability information the management node.
[0179] For example, without limitation, the capability information is illustrated as non-3GPP capability response, which is carried in a message “non3GPPcapabilityResponse” . Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 720.
[0180] At step 1030, the management node transmits second information to the sensing node.
[0181] For example, without limitation, the second information is illustrated asindicating the selected sensors byassigning the index or label, which is carried in a message “non3GPPLable” . Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 730.
[0182] At step 1040, the sensing node obtains non-3GPP sensing measurements.
[0183] The sensing measurements may bereferred to as sensing data described in FIG. 7.
[0184] At step 1050, the sensing node transmits sensing data to the management node.
[0185] For example, without limitation, the sensing node reports the measurements with sensor’s index or label “non3GPPLabel” .
[0186] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an example of another sensing procedure according to some implementations of this application.
[0187] FIG. 11 shows another example implementation, where SeN triggers the measurement report based on a new event in the environment. The management node (e.g., SeMF, NW, TRP, etc., which can be either considered in RAN or part of the core) , sends the capability request and waits for the response. Then, SeN measures the environment and waits for triggering the threshold for any new event in the environment that should be reported to the TRP or NW. Then the SeN shares the measurements with the TRP or NW. For example:
[0188] At step 1110, the management node transmits first information to the sensing node.
[0189] For example, without limitation, the first information is illustrated as non-3GPP sensor capability request, which is carried in a message “non3GPPcapabilityRequest” . Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 710.
[0190] At step 1120, the sensing node transmits capability information the management node.
[0191] For example, without limitation, the capability information is illustrated as non-3GPP capability response, which is carried in a message “non3GPPcapabilityResponse” . Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 720.
[0192] At step 1130, the management node transmits third information to the sensing node.
[0193] For example, without limitation, the third information is illustrated asa threshold indicating the trigger level of new event to be measured by the SeN. Details of this step can be referred to as description in step 740.
[0194] At step 1140, the sensing node obtainsthe measurementsand evaluates the threshold to trigger a new event.
[0195] The sensing measurements may bereferred to as sensing data described in FIG. 7.
[0196] At step 1150, the sensing node transmits sensing data to the management node.
[0197] For example, without limitation, the sensing node reports the measurements with sensor’s index or label “non3GPPLabel” .
[0198] Aspects of the present disclosure include methods to use non-3GPP sensor measurements based on the sensors’ capabilities report. Other aspects of this disclosure relate to obtaining the non-3GPP sensor’s capabilities by the sensing node (SeN) , wherein a SeN may be connected with plurality of the non-3GPP sensors.
[0199] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGs. 6-11. The apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 6-11. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0200] As aforementioned in FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the management node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the management node or a component that can be configured in the management node.
[0201] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the UE in FIGs. 6-11 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the management node in FIGs. 6-11. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 6-11.
[0202] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the sensing node or a component that can be configured in thesensing node.
[0203] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the sensing node in FIGs. 6-11 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the network side (network node) in FIGs. 6-11. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGs. 6-11.
[0204] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0205] As aforementioned in FIG. 5, the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed by the apparatus 510.
[0206] In some embodiments, the apparatus 510 may be a management node or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the management node; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a sensing node or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in thesensing node.
[0207] In a solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the management node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0208] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the management node in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the management node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0209] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by thesensing node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0210] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0211] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the management node, or the method performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0212] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the management node, or the method performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0213] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method p performed by the management node, or the method performed by the sensing node in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0214] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the management node and the sensing node in the foregoing embodiments.
[0215] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0216] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0217] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0218] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0219] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0220] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0221] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0222] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0223] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0224] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0225] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0226] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0227] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0228] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0229] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0230] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0231] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0232] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0233] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0234] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:transmitting first information for requesting a sensing capability; andreceiving capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node, the sensing node comprising at least one non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.2.Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the sensing capability comprises one or more of: sensing typeof each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, one or more supported sensing attributesfrom a sensing object by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, and one or morecapabilities supported by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.3.The method according to claim 1 or2, wherein a capability parameter set is associated with each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.4.The method according to claim2 or 3, wherein the one or morecapabilities supported by oneof the one or more non-3GPP apparatuscomprise one or more of: wavelength capability, rate capability, rangecapability, resolutioncapability, object detection capability, color detection capability, material detection capability and temperature detection capability.5.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first information comprises at least one sensing capability item, and the capability information is based on the at least one sensing capability item.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting second informationbased on the capability information, wherein the second information indicates an identifier of each of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.7.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting third informationbased on the capability information, wherein the third information indicates part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus to report sensingdata when a condition is fulfilled.8.The method according to any one of claims1 to 7, whereinthe method further comprises:receiving sensing data from part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein the sensing data is marked with the corresponding identifier of the part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.10.A communication method, comprising:receiving first information for requesting a sensing capability; andtransmitting capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node, the sensing node comprising at least one non-3rdGeneration Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.11.Themethod according to claim 10, wherein the sensing capability comprises one or more of: sensing typeof each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, one or more supported sensing attributesfrom a sensing object by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus, and one or morecapabilities supported by each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein a capability parameter set is associated with each of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.13.The method according to claim12, wherein the one or morecapabilities supported by oneof the one or more non-3GPP apparatuscomprise one or more of: wavelength capability, rate capability, rangecapability, resolutioncapability, object detection capability, color detection capability, material detection capability and temperature detection capability.14.The method according to any one of claims 10to 13, wherein the first information comprises at least one sensing capability item, and the capability information is based on the at least one sensing capability item.15.The method according to any one of claims 10to 14, wherein the method further comprises:receiving second information, wherein the second information indicates an identifier of each of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.16.The method according to any one of claims 10to 15, wherein the method further comprises:receiving third information, wherein the third information indicates part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus to report sensingdata when a condition is fulfilled.17.The method according to any one of claims10to 16, whereinthe method further comprises:transmitting sensing data of part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein the sensing data is marked with the corresponding identifier of the part or all of the at least one non-3GPP apparatus.19.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or 10 to 18.20.The communication apparatus of claim 19, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit first information for requesting a sensing capability; anda receiving unitconfigured to receive capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node, the sensing node comprising at least one non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.21.The communication apparatus of claim 19, comprising:a receiving unitconfigured to receive first information indicating a sensing capability; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit capability information indicating the sensing capability of a sensing node, the sensing node comprising at least one non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (non-3GPP) apparatus.22.The communication apparatus of claim 19, comprising:one or more processors, configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or 10 to 18; andan interface circuit, configure to performatransmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or 10 to 18.23.The communication apparatus of claim 22, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.24.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, or 10 to 18.25.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 10 to 18.26.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims1 to 9, or 10 to 18.27.A computer program product having instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 9,or 10 to 18.