Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and particularly relates to a communication method and a communication apparatus. In the embodiments of the present application, an AP instructs an STA to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, wherein the unavailability of the AP is caused by in-device coexistence, thereby improving the communication efficiency. The present application may support an IEEE protocol, such as an IEEE 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, an IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, an IEEE integrated mmWave (IMMW) protocol, an IEEE 802.15 / UWB protocol, or an IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol. The technical solution provided in embodiments of the present application may also be applied to a spark link system, and support a spark link / nearlink standard protocol.

Description

Communication methods and communication devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411897927.X, filed on December 19, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and communication device. Background Technology

[0003] In-device coexistence (IDC) refers to the unavailability of a device (including access points (APs) or non-AP stations (non-AP STAs)) due to interference from multiple wireless technologies (or communication standards) coexisting within the device. When multiple wireless technologies are present within a device, the IEEE 802.11 protocol (i.e., Wi-Fi) and other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) may use overlapping channels, causing interference during transmission. For example, Bluetooth can interfere with Wi-Fi in the 2.4GHz band, preventing normal transmission. To avoid interference from other wireless technologies and to reduce interference from 802.11 transmissions, the AP or non-AP STA needs to yield during the time other wireless technologies are transmitting (i.e., during IDC). This makes the AP or non-AP STA unavailable during this IDC period, also known as the unavailability period.

[0004] In current communication systems, during the IDC (Internet Data Center) period, one device informs the other device of its IDC information. After receiving this information, the other device will not communicate with the first device during the IDC period, leading to low communication efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method and a communication device that can improve communication efficiency.

[0006] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to an access point (AP). This method can be executed by the AP, or by components of the AP (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0007] Send the first message, which indicates that if the AP is unavailable, the non-AP STA should perform non-primary channel access (NPCA) operation. The non-AP STA is associated with the AP. The AP is unavailable due to coexistence within the device.

[0008] In this embodiment, the AP's unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device, meaning it's due to transmission by other wireless technologies within the AP. When the AP is unavailable, it cannot communicate with the STA on the main channel using the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation via first information, enabling communication between the AP and STA on the NPCA main channel, thus improving channel utilization and communication efficiency between the AP and STA.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the AP is unavailable in the following situations: intra-device coexistence occurs on the main channel, while intra-device coexistence does not occur on the NPCA main channel.

[0010] In this embodiment, intra-device coexistence occurs on the main channel, meaning other wireless technologies within the AP are transmitting on the main channel, or their transmission interferes with the main channel, rendering the AP's main channel unusable. No intra-device coexistence occurs on the NPCA main channel, meaning other wireless technologies within the AP are not transmitting on the NPCA main channel, or their transmission does not interfere with the NPCA main channel (or the interference does not affect transmission on the NPCA main channel), meaning the NPCA main channel is available. When the AP's main channel is unavailable but the NPCA main channel is available, the AP instructs the non-AP STA to perform NPCA operation via a first message, enabling the AP and the non-AP STA to communicate on the NPCA main channel and improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the first information is contained in the target wake time (TWT) element or the aggregated control (A-Control) field.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending second information indicating a period of time when the AP's main channel is unavailable; the non-AP STA performing a non-main channel access NPCA operation when the first information indicates that the AP is unavailable includes: the first information instructing the non-AP STA to perform an NPCA operation during the period of time when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0013] In this embodiment, the period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable can be a period of time during which the main channel is unavailable due to the coexistence of devices within the AP. During this period, the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation during the AP's main channel unavailable period, so that the AP and the STA can communicate through the NPCA main channel during the AP's main channel unavailable period.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the second information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the second information is contained in the Target Wake-Up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0016] At the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period, the system switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel.

[0017] In this embodiment of the application, when the AP’s main channel is unavailable for a period of time, the AP switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel so as to communicate with the STA on the NPCA main channel.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel based on the start time of the AP's main channel unavailable period includes: switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the start time of the AP's main channel unavailable period or at a first moment; the first moment is located before the start time of the AP's main channel unavailable period, and the time interval between the first moment and the start time of the AP's main channel unavailable period is related to the AP's NPCA handover delay, or the time interval between the first moment and the start time of the AP's main channel unavailable period is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0019] In this embodiment of the application, the AP can switch before the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period, thereby enabling the AP to compete for channel on the NPCA main channel earlier.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: switching from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the end of the AP's main channel unavailable period.

[0021] In this embodiment of the application, after the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable ends, the AP's main channel becomes available. Therefore, the AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel so that the AP can communicate with non-AP STAs on the main channel.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the end of the AP's main channel unavailability period, the switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel includes:

[0023] The AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the later of the end time of the AP's main channel unavailability period and the end time of the transmission opportunity (TXOP) across the overlapping basic service set (OBSS); the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation.

[0024] In this embodiment, when the end of the AP's primary channel unavailability period precedes the end of the OBSS's TXOP, the OBSS's TXOP is in progress even after the AP's primary channel unavailability period ends. During this time, the AP and STA continue camping on the NPCA primary channel. Only after the OBSS's TXOP ends do the AP and STA switch back to the primary channel from the NPCA primary channel. Thus, although the AP's primary channel unavailability period ends, the OBSS's TXOP continues, and the AP's primary channel remains unavailable. Therefore, the AP and STA can utilize the NPCA primary channel for communication, improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending third information, the third information including NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation, or the third information being used to indicate that the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation have been updated.

[0026] In this embodiment, the AP can indicate the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation through third information, so that the STA can correctly perform the NPCA operation. Alternatively, the AP can indicate that the NPCA parameters have been updated through third information, and the updated NPCA parameters are carried in other frames (such as beacon frames or probe response frames). The third indication information is used to instruct the STA to receive the updated NPCA parameters in other frames, so that the STA and AP use the same NPCA parameters to perform the NPCA operation.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to a non-AP STA. This method can be executed by the non-AP STA, or by components of the non-AP STA (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0028] Upon receiving the first message, which indicates that the non-AP STA is unavailable, it performs NPCA operation. The non-AP STA is associated with the AP, and the AP's unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the AP is unavailable in the following situations: intra-device coexistence occurs on the main channel, while intra-device coexistence does not occur on the NPCA main channel.

[0030] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the first information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the first information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0031] In conjunction with the second aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0032] Receive second information, which indicates the period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable; the first information indicates that the non-AP STA performs a non-main channel access NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, including: the first information instructs the non-AP STA to perform an NPCA operation during the period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0033] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the second information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or Control Response Frame (CRF), or the second information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0035] At the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period, the system switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel.

[0036] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the start of the AP's main channel unavailability period, the switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel includes:

[0037] At the beginning or the second moment of the AP's main channel unavailable period, the switch is made from the main channel to the NPCA main channel; the second moment is before the beginning of the AP's main channel unavailable period, and the time interval between the second moment and the beginning of the AP's main channel unavailable period is related to at least one of the following: the NPCA handover delay of the non-AP STA, the NPCA handover delay of the AP, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0038] For example, the start time of the STA's handover from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is the same as that of the AP, thereby unifying the handover time of the STA and the AP, and aligning the time of the STA and the AP on the main channel.

[0039] For example, the STA completes its handover from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the same time as the AP. Thus, the AP does not need to wait for the STA to complete the handover on the NPCA main channel, enabling the AP and STA to communicate on the NPCA main channel earlier.

[0040] In conjunction with the second aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0041] The switchover from the NPCA main channel to the main channel occurs at the end of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable.

[0042] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the end of the AP's main channel unavailability period, the switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel includes:

[0043] The user switches from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel at the later of the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period and the end time of the transmission opportunity TXOP across the basic service set OBSS; the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0045] Receive third information, which includes the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation, or the third information is used to indicate that the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation have been updated.

[0046] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to an access point (AP). This method can be executed by the AP, or by components of the AP (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0047] Send a fourth message, which indicates that non-AP STAs should disable NPCA operations if the AP is unavailable. Non-AP STAs are associated with the AP, and the AP unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0048] In this embodiment, the AP's unavailability is caused by the unavailability of the NPCA main channel due to transmission by other wireless technologies within the AP. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable via a first message. The AP and STA remain on the main channel, enabling communication between them and improving channel utilization and communication efficiency. Simultaneously, the overhead of the STA switching channels can be avoided.

[0049] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the AP is unavailable in the following situations: intra-device coexistence occurs on the NPCA main channel, and intra-device coexistence does not occur on the main channel.

[0050] In this embodiment, NPCA primary channel coexistence within the device refers to a situation where other wireless technologies of the AP transmit on the NPCA primary channel, or where other wireless technologies of the AP interfere with the NPCA primary channel during transmission, thus rendering the NPCA primary channel unusable. NPCA primary channel coexistence within the device means the NPCA primary channel is unavailable. Primary channel non-coexistence within the device means that other wireless technologies of the AP do not transmit on the primary channel, or where other wireless technologies of the AP do not interfere with the primary channel during transmission (or cause minimal interference that does not affect transmission based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol on the primary channel). Primary channel non-coexistence within the device means the AP's primary channel is available. When the NPCA primary channel is unavailable and the primary channel is available, the STA and AP cannot communicate using the NPCA primary channel. Therefore, the AP instructs non-AP STAs to disable NPCA operation, allowing the AP and STA to communicate on the primary channel. Simultaneously, this avoids the overhead of channel switching between the AP and STA.

[0051] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the fourth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fourth information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0052] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending a fifth message indicating a period of time during which the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable. The fourth message instructing the non-AP STA to disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable includes: the fourth message instructing the non-AP STA to disable NPCA operation during the period during which the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable.

[0053] In this embodiment, the period during which the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable can be a period during which the NPCA main channel is unavailable due to the coexistence of devices within the AP. During this period, the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation during the AP's NPCA main channel unavailable period, so that the AP and the STA can communicate through the main channel during the AP's NPCA main channel unavailable period. This avoids the overhead of channel switching.

[0054] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the fifth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fifth information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0055] In conjunction with the third aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0056] Based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

[0057] In this embodiment, if the AP and STA are camped on the NPCA main channel before the NPCA main channel is unavailable (e.g., the AP and STA are triggered to perform NPCA operation by the TXOP of the OBSS), then the AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the start of the NPCA main channel unavailable period. It is understood that during the NPCA main channel unavailable period, the NPCA main channel is unavailable, and the AP and STA cannot communicate even if they remain on the NPCA main channel. Therefore, switching back to the main channel in advance allows the AP and STA to have the opportunity to communicate on the main channel. For example, the TXOP of the OBSS on the main channel may end early, and the AP switching back to the main channel early allows the AP and STA to compete for the channel on the main channel earlier for communication.

[0058] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel is based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, including:

[0059] At the beginning or the third moment of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable, the switch is made from the NPCA main channel to the main channel. The third moment is before the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. The time interval between the third moment and the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is related to the NPCA switchback delay of the AP. Alternatively, the time interval between the third moment and the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0060] In this embodiment, the AP can switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period or earlier, thereby enabling the AP to switch back to the main channel earlier and increasing the probability of the AP competing for the channel on the main channel.

[0061] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period falls within the TXOP of the OBSS, and the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation. The method further includes:

[0062] Based on the end of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel;

[0063] At the end of TXOP based on OBSS, the system switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

[0064] In this embodiment, the end time of the unavailable period of the NPCA main channel is located within the TXOP of the OBSS. That is, at the end of the unavailable period of the NPCA main channel, the main channel is still occupied by the TXOP of the OBSS. The AP and STA can switch to the NPCA main channel to facilitate communication on the NPCA main channel, thereby improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0065] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one possible implementation, the time interval between the end of the NPCA main channel unavailable period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0066] In this embodiment, the first threshold can be the NPCA minimum duration threshold. When the time interval between the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the AP and STA switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel based on the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period. When the time interval between the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is less than the first threshold, the AP and STA do not switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel; that is, the AP and STA do not perform NPCA operations. This avoids the overhead caused by frequent switching and handback of the AP and STA.

[0067] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to a non-AP STA. This method can be executed by the non-AP STA, or by components of the non-AP STA (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0068] The fourth message indicates that if the AP is unavailable, the non-AP STA should disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations. The non-AP STA is associated with the AP, and the AP unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0069] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the AP is unavailable in the following situations: intra-device coexistence occurs on the NPCA main channel, and intra-device coexistence does not occur on the main channel.

[0070] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the fourth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fourth information is contained in the Target Wake-Up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0071] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0072] Receive the fifth message, which indicates the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable; the fourth message indicates that if the AP is unavailable, non-AP STAs should disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations, including: the fourth message instructing non-AP STAs to disable NPCA operations during the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable.

[0073] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the fifth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), the Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or the Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fifth information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

[0074] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0075] Based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

[0076] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, the switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel includes:

[0077] At the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period or at the fourth time, the user switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel. The fourth time is before the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period. The time interval between the fourth time and the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period is related to at least one of the following: the NPCA handback delay of the non-AP STA, the NPCA handback delay of the AP, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0078] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period lies within the TXOP of the basic service set OBSS, and the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation. The method further includes:

[0079] Based on the end of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel;

[0080] At the end of TXOP based on OBSS, the system switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

[0081] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in one possible implementation, the time interval between the end of the NPCA main channel unavailable period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0082] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to a non-AP STA. This method can be executed by the non-AP STA, or by components of the non-AP STA (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0083] Send or receive the sixth message, which indicates that the non-AP STA is unavailable if it resides in the dynamic subband operation DSO subband. The unavailability of the non-AP STA is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0084] In this embodiment, the unavailability of the non-AP STA is caused by coexistence within the device, specifically by transmission using other wireless technologies within the non-AP STA. When the non-AP STA is unavailable, it cannot communicate with the AP on the main channel. Therefore, the non-AP STA can reside in the DSO subband and communicate with the AP through it, improving channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency between the AP and STA.

[0085] As an example, a non-AP STA sends a sixth message to the AP, instructing the AP that the non-AP STA will reside on the DSO subband if the non-AP STA is unavailable. This instructs the AP to schedule the non-AP STA on the DSO subband when the non-AP STA is unavailable, thereby enabling the AP and the non-AP STA to communicate through the DSO subband. This improves channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency between the AP and the STA.

[0086] As another example, the non-AP STA receives a sixth message from the AP. The AP uses this sixth message to indicate that the non-AP STA can camp on the DSO subband if the non-AP STA is unavailable. The AP communicates with the non-AP STA through the DSO subband, which can improve channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency between the AP and the STA.

[0087] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, the unavailability of non-AP STA includes situations where in-device coexistence occurs on the main channel but not on the DSO subband.

[0088] In this embodiment, intra-device coexistence occurs on the main channel, meaning other wireless technologies within the non-AP STA are transmitting on the main channel, or their transmission interferes with the main channel, rendering the main channel unusable for the non-AP STA. Intra-device coexistence does not occur in the DSO subband, meaning other wireless technologies within the non-AP STA are not transmitting on the DSO subband, or their transmission does not interfere with the DSO subband (or the interference does not affect transmission on the NPCA main channel), meaning the DSO subband of the non-AP STA is usable. When the main channel of the non-AP STA is unusable but the DSO subband is usable, the non-AP STA resides on the DSO subband, enabling communication between the AP and the non-AP STA on the DSO subband, thus improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0089] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, the sixth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the sixth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0090] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0091] Send a seventh message, which indicates the period during which the primary channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable; send a sixth message, which indicates that the non-AP STA camps on the DSO subband when the primary channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable, including: the sixth message indicates that the non-AP STA camps on the DSO subband during the period during which the primary channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable.

[0092] In this embodiment, the period during which the primary channel is unavailable for a non-AP STA can be the period during which the primary channel is unavailable due to the coexistence of devices within the non-AP STA. During this period, the non-AP STA cannot communicate with the AP on the primary channel. Therefore, the non-AP STA can indicate the period during which its primary channel is unavailable to the AP, enabling the AP to determine this period. This allows the AP to instruct the AP to communicate with the non-AP STA via the DSO subband during the non-AP STA's primary channel unavailable period.

[0093] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, the seventh information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the seventh information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0094] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0095] Based on the start time of the non-AP STA main channel unavailable period, switch from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0096] In this embodiment of the application, when the main channel of a non-AP STA is unavailable for a period of time, the non-AP STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband so as to communicate with the STA on the DSO subband.

[0097] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the start time of the non-AP STA main channel unavailability period, the switch from the main channel to the DSO subband includes:

[0098] At the beginning or the fifth moment of the non-AP STA's main channel unavailability period, the STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband. The fifth moment is located before the beginning of the non-AP STA's main channel unavailability period, and the time interval between the fifth moment and the beginning of the non-AP STA's main channel unavailability period is related to the handover delay of the non-AP STA from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0099] In this embodiment, the non-AP STA can switch at or before the start of the primary channel unavailable period of the non-AP STA, thereby enabling the non-AP STA to compete for the channel with the AP on the DSO subband earlier.

[0100] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0101] The switchover from the DSO subband to the main channel occurs at the end of the non-AP STA main channel unavailable period.

[0102] In this embodiment of the application, when the non-AP STA's main channel is unavailable for a certain period of time, the non-AP STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband so as to communicate with the AP on the main channel.

[0103] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, based on the end of the non-AP STA primary channel unavailability period, the switch from the DSO subband to the primary channel includes:

[0104] The non-AP STA switches from the DSO subband to the main channel at the later of the end time of the main channel unavailability period and the end time of the first TXOP; the non-AP STA transmits data with the AP during the first TXOP.

[0105] In this embodiment of the application, if the first TXOP has not ended by the end of the main channel unavailable period of the non-AP STA, then data transmission is taking place between the AP and the non-AP STA in the DSO subband. The non-AP STA can switch back to the main channel after the first TXOP ends, thus avoiding data transmission interruption.

[0106] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0107] Receive a first initial control frame; the first initial control frame does not include a padding field; or, the first initial control frame includes a padding field, and the duration of the padding field is independent of the handover delay of the non-AP STA from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0108] In this embodiment, since the non-AP STA autonomously switches to the DSO subband when it becomes unavailable, the AP does not need to reserve DSO handover time for the non-AP STA using the padding field in the first initial control frame. When calculating the length of the padding field in the first initial control frame, the AP can disregard the STA's DSO handover delay. That is, the AP does not calculate the length of the padding field based on the non-AP STA's DSO handover delay. In this case, the duration of the padding field can be less than the non-AP STA's DSO handover delay, or the duration of the padding field can be less than the padding length required for the non-AP STA's DSO handover. This allows for a shorter first initial control frame, enabling the AP and non-AP to communicate on the DSO subband earlier.

[0109] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0110] Send the eighth message, which is used to indicate the DSO subband.

[0111] In this embodiment of the application, the non-AP STA can also instruct the non-AP STA to perform the DSO subband corresponding to the DSO, so that the AP can obtain the DSO subband that the non-AP STA has switched to, and thus communicate with the non-AP STA on the DSO subband.

[0112] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to an access point (AP). This method can be executed by the AP, or by components of the AP (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0113] Receive or send the sixth message, which indicates that the non-AP STA is unavailable if it is residing in the dynamic subband operation DSO subband. The unavailability of the non-AP STA is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0114] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in one possible implementation, the unavailability of non-AP STA includes: intra-device coexistence occurring on the main channel, and intra-device coexistence not occurring on the NPCA main channel.

[0115] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in one possible implementation, the sixth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the sixth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0116] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0117] Receive the seventh message, which indicates the period during which the main channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable; the sixth message indicates that the non-AP STA camps in the dynamic subband operation DSO subband when the non-AP STA is unavailable, including: the sixth message indicates that the non-AP STA camps in the DSO subband during the period during which the main channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable.

[0118] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in one possible implementation, the seventh information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the seventh information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0119] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0120] Send a first initial control frame; the first initial control frame does not include a padding field; or, the first initial control frame includes a padding field, and the duration of the padding field is independent of the handover delay of the non-AP STA from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0121] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0122] Receive the eighth message, which is used to indicate the DSO subband.

[0123] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to a non-AP STA. This method can be executed by the non-AP STA, or by components of the non-AP STA (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0124] Send or receive the ninth message, which indicates that the non-AP STA is disabled for NPCA and / or dynamic sub-band operation (DSO) if the non-AP STA is unavailable.

[0125] In this embodiment, the unavailability of the non-AP STA is caused by coexistence within the device, meaning that the unavailability is caused by other wireless technologies transmitting within the non-AP STA. When the non-AP STA is unavailable, it resides on the main channel, avoiding the overhead of switching back and forth and allowing it to communicate with the AP on the main channel.

[0126] For example, the unavailability of a non-AP STA includes the unavailability of the NPCA primary channel of the non-AP STA, and the ninth message instructs the non-AP STA to disable NPCA operation when the NPCA primary channel of the non-AP STA is unavailable. As another example, the unavailability of a non-AP STA includes the unavailability of the DSO subband of the non-AP STA, and the ninth message instructs the non-AP STA to disable DSO when the DSO subband of the non-AP STA is unavailable.

[0127] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in one possible implementation, the situation where non-AP STA is unavailable includes: coexistence on the NPCA main channel or within the DSO subband generating equipment, and coexistence within the main channel non-generating equipment.

[0128] In this embodiment, the main channel does not coexist within the device, meaning that other wireless technologies within the non-AP STA do not occupy the main channel, or the transmission of other wireless technologies within the non-AP STA does not interfere with the main channel. The main channel of the non-AP STA is available, and the non-AP STA can communicate with the AP on the main channel.

[0129] As an example, the inability of a non-AP STA to operate due to intra-device coexistence on the NPCA main channel can be caused by this incompatibility. In this case, the inability of a non-AP STA to operate includes the inability of the non-AP STA to operate on the NPCA main channel. In this situation, the non-AP STA cannot communicate with the AP on the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the ninth message instructs the non-AP STA to disable NPCA operation in this situation, allowing the non-AP STA to reside on the main channel and communicate with the AP on the main channel. Additionally, this avoids the overhead of the non-AP STA switching channels back and forth.

[0130] As another example, the inability of a non-AP STA to function due to intra-device coexistence on the DSO subband can be caused by this coexistence. In this case, the inability of a non-AP STA to function includes the inability of its DSO subband to function. In this situation, the non-AP STA cannot communicate with the AP on the DSO subband. Therefore, the ninth message instructs the non-AP STA to disable DSO in this case, allowing the non-AP STA to reside on the primary channel and communicate with the AP on the primary channel. Additionally, this avoids the overhead of the non-AP STA switching channels back and forth.

[0131] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in one possible implementation, the ninth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the ninth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0132] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0133] Send the tenth message, which indicates the period during which the non-AP STA's non-primary channel is unavailable; send the ninth message, which indicates that the non-AP STA disables NPCA and / or Dynamic Subband Operation DSO when the non-AP STA is unavailable, including: the ninth message indicates that the non-AP STA disables NPCA and / or DSO during the period during which the non-AP STA's non-primary channel is unavailable.

[0134] In this embodiment, the unavailability period of the non-AP STA's non-primary channel can be the period during which the non-AP STA's non-primary channel (such as the NPCA primary channel or DSO subband) is unavailable due to the coexistence of devices within the non-AP STA. During this period, the non-AP STA cannot communicate with the AP on the NPCA primary channel or DSO subband. Therefore, the non-AP STA can indicate the unavailability period of its non-primary channel to the AP, enabling the AP to determine the unavailability period of the non-AP STA's NPCA primary channel or DSO subband, thus preventing the AP from scheduling the non-AP STA to the DSO subband during this period, or preventing the AP from communicating with the non-AP STA on the NPCA primary channel during this period.

[0135] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in one possible implementation, the tenth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the tenth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0136] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can be applied to an access point (AP). This method can be executed by the AP, or by components of the AP (such as chips or circuits), without limitation. The method includes:

[0137] Send or receive the ninth message, which indicates that if the non-AP STA is unavailable, the non-AP STA should disable non-master channel access NPCA and / or dynamic subband operation DSO, and the non-AP STA should associate with the AP.

[0138] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in one possible implementation, the non-AP STA is unavailable in the following situations: coexistence on the NPCA main channel or within the DSO subband generating equipment, or coexistence within the main channel non-generating equipment.

[0139] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in one possible implementation, the ninth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the ninth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0140] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, one possible implementation method also includes:

[0141] Receive the tenth message, which indicates the period during which the non-AP STA's non-primary channel is unavailable; the ninth message indicates that the non-AP STA disables non-primary channel access NPCA and / or dynamic subband operation DSO when the non-AP STA is unavailable, including: the ninth message instructs the non-AP STA to disable NPCA and / or DSO during the non-AP STA's non-primary channel unavailable period.

[0142] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in one possible implementation, the tenth information is contained in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the tenth information is contained in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0143] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication apparatus for performing the methods of any one of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementations thereof. The communication apparatus includes a module having the capability to perform the methods of any one of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementations thereof.

[0144] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device including a processor configured to execute the methods shown in any one of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementations thereof. The processor executes a program stored in a memory, and when the program is executed, the methods shown in any one of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementations thereof are executed.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the memory is located outside the aforementioned communication device.

[0146] In one possible implementation, the memory is located within the aforementioned communication device.

[0147] In this embodiment, the processor and memory can also be integrated into a single device, that is, the processor and memory can be integrated together. For example, the communication device can be a chip.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes a transceiver for receiving or sending information.

[0149] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a chip, the communication device including logic circuitry and an interface, the logic circuitry and the interface being coupled; the interface being used for inputting and / or outputting information, and the logic circuitry being used for performing the method described in any one of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementation thereof.

[0150] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the methods shown in any of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementation thereof to be executed.

[0151] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the methods shown in any of the first to eighth aspects or any possible implementations described above to be executed.

[0152] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method including an access point (AP) and a non-AP STA. The AP performs the method as shown in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof, and the non-AP STA performs the method as shown in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Alternatively, the AP performs the method as shown in the third aspect or any possible implementation thereof, and the non-AP STA performs the method as shown in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Alternatively, the AP performs the method as shown in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation thereof, and the non-AP STA performs the method as shown in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Alternatively, the AP performs the method as shown in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation thereof, and the non-AP STA performs the method as shown in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0153] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0154] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an NPCA provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0155] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a DSO provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0156] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0157] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an NPCA operation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0158] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ICF frame provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0159] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a CRF or ICR provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0160] Figure 8A is an example of an AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0161] Figure 8B is another example of AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0162] Figure 8C is another example of AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0163] Figure 8D is another example of AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0164] Figure 8E is another example of AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0165] Figure 8F is another example of AP and STA switching to the NPCA main channel provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0166] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0167] Figure 10A is a schematic diagram of a channel switching scenario between an AP and a STA provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0168] Figure 10B is a schematic diagram of another channel switching scenario between AP and STA provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0169] Figure 11A is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0170] Figure 11B is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0171] Figure 12A is a schematic diagram of another ICF structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0172] Figure 12B is a schematic diagram of another CRF or ICR provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0173] Figure 13A is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0174] Figure 13B is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0175] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0176] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0177] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0178] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are only used to distinguish different objects and not to limit the order, sequence, priority, or importance of multiple objects. In the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Additionally, the character " / ," unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0179] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0180] In this application, "at least one (item)" refers to one or more, "more than one" refers to two or more, "at least two (items)" refers to two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. "Or" indicates that there can be two relationships, such as only A exists or only B exists; when A and B are not mutually exclusive, it can also mean that there are three relationships, such as only A exists, only B exists, or both A and B exist simultaneously. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c".

[0181] In this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which can include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission via the air interface from other units or modules. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which can include direct reception from YY via the air interface or indirect reception from YY via the air interface from other units or modules. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of a chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of a chip interface. In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via buses, traces, or interfaces.

[0182] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, supporting Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) protocols (or standards), such as IEEE 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / Extremely High-Throughput (EHT) protocol, IEEE 802.11bn / Ultra High Reliability (UHR) / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, IEEE Integrated mmWave / IMMW protocol, IEEE 802.15 / Ultra Wideband (UWB) protocol, or IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol; the technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to Spark Link (SL) systems, supporting the Spark Link / NearLink standard protocols. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to the following communication systems, such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X, where X can represent anything), device-to-device (D2D), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems, long-term evolution (LTE) systems, 5th-generation (5G) communication systems, and new communication systems emerging in future communication development. For example, V2X can include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), or vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication.

[0183] WLAN systems can provide high-speed, low-latency transmission. As WLAN application scenarios continue to evolve, WLAN systems will be applied to more scenarios or industries, such as the Internet of Things industry, the Internet of Vehicles industry, the banking industry, enterprise offices, stadiums and exhibition halls, concert halls, hotel rooms, dormitories, hospital wards, classrooms, shopping malls, squares, streets, production workshops and warehouses, etc. Of course, devices that support WLAN communication or sensing (such as access points or sites) can be sensor nodes in smart cities (such as smart water meters, smart electricity meters, and smart air monitoring nodes), smart devices in smart homes (such as smart cameras, projectors, displays, televisions, speakers, refrigerators, and washing machines), nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT), entertainment terminals (such as wearable devices for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), smart devices in smart offices (such as printers, projectors, loudspeakers, and speakers), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) devices, infrastructure in daily life scenarios (such as vending machines, self-service navigation kiosks in supermarkets, self-service checkout machines, and self-service ordering machines), and equipment in large sports and music venues.

[0184] Although the embodiments of this application primarily use WLAN as an example, especially networks applied to the IEEE 802.11 series of standards, the various aspects involved in the embodiments of this application can be extended to other networks employing various standards or protocols. For example, Bluetooth, high-performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) (a wireless standard similar to the IEEE 802.11 standard), and wide area networks (WANs) or other networks now known or to be developed in the future.

[0185] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application embodiment can be implemented by a station in a communication system. For example, the station can be an access point (AP) or a non-access point station (non-AP STA).

[0186] An Access Point (AP) is a device with wireless communication capabilities that supports communication, sensing, or power transmission using WLAN protocols. It has the function of communicating or sensing with other devices in a WLAN network (such as non-AP STAs or other access points), and can also communicate, sense, or transmit power with other devices. Alternatively, an access point acts as a bridge connecting wired and wireless networks, primarily connecting various wireless network clients together and then connecting the wireless network to an Ethernet network. In a WLAN system, an access point can be called an Access Point Station (AP STA). This wireless communication device can be a complete device or a chip, processing system, or functional module installed within a complete device. Devices with these chips, processing systems, or functional modules can implement the methods and functions of the embodiments described in this application under the control of the chips, processing systems, or functional modules. The AP in the embodiments of this application is a device that provides services to non-AP STAs and can support 802.11 series protocols or subsequent protocols. For example, an access point can be an access point for terminals (such as mobile phones) to enter a wired (or wireless) network, mainly deployed in homes, buildings, and parks, with a typical coverage radius of tens to hundreds of meters; it can also be deployed outdoors. For example, an AP can be a communication server, router, switch, bridge, or other communication entity; an AP can include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, etc. Of course, an AP can also be a chip, processing system, or module within the aforementioned devices, thereby implementing the methods and functions of the embodiments of this application.

[0187] The access point in this application can be a device that supports the 802.11bn standard. Of course, the access point can also support various WLAN standards of the 802.11 family, such as 802.11be, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11a. In one possible implementation, the access point can also support the IEEE Integrated mmWave / IMMW protocol, or the IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol, or the UWB protocol, or the Spark Link / NearLink standard protocol, etc.

[0188] A non-AP STA is a device with wireless communication capabilities that supports communication, sensing, or power transmission using the WLAN protocol. It has the ability to communicate, sense, or transmit power with other non-AP STAs or access points in a WLAN network. In a WLAN system, a non-AP STA is any user communication device that allows a user to communicate with an AP (Access Point) or sense or transmit power, thereby communicating with the WLAN. This wireless communication device can be a complete device, or it can be a chip, processing system, or functional module installed within a complete device. Devices with these chips, processing systems, or functional modules can implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of this application under the control of the chips, processing systems, or functional modules. For example, a non-AP STA can be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communication terminal, and can also be referred to as a user. Furthermore, a non-AP STA can be a mobile phone supporting Wi-Fi communication, a tablet computer supporting Wi-Fi communication, a set-top box supporting Wi-Fi communication, a smart TV supporting Wi-Fi communication, a smart wearable device supporting Wi-Fi communication, an in-vehicle communication device supporting Wi-Fi communication, and a computer supporting Wi-Fi communication. Of course, the non-AP STA can also be a chip, processing system, or module in the various types of devices described above, thereby implementing the methods and functions of the embodiments of this application.

[0189] The site in this application can also be a device that supports the 802.11bn standard. Of course, the site can also support various WLAN standards of the 802.11 family, such as 802.11be, 802.11bf, 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and 802.11a. In one possible implementation, the site can also support the IEEE Integrated mmWave / IMMW protocol, or the IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol, or the UWB protocol, or the Spark Link / NearLink standard protocol.

[0190] In this embodiment, non-AP STA can be simply referred to as STA. Unless otherwise specified, STA in this embodiment refers to non-AP STA.

[0191] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication system may include one or more access points (APs) and one or more non-AP STAs. Figure 1 shows two access points, such as AP1 and AP2, and three non-AP STAs, such as non-AP STA1, non-AP STA2, and non-AP STA3. Exemplarily, the method provided in this embodiment can be applied to data communication between APs and non-AP STAs, such as the communication or sensing between AP1 and non-AP STA1 as shown in Figure 1, and the communication or sensing between AP1 and non-AP STA1 and non-AP STA2 as shown in Figure 1.

[0192] Figure 1 uses a mobile phone as a non-AP STA and a router as an example, and does not imply a limitation on the types of APs and non-AP STAs in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the number of APs and non-AP STAs shown in Figure 1 is merely an example; in a specific implementation, the number of APs or non-AP STAs may be more or less, and this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0193] The following describes the terms or nouns used in the embodiments of this application.

[0194] (1) Non-primary channel access (NPCA)

[0195] In the 802.11 protocol, an Access Point (AP) can operate on frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. An AP occupies a specific channel within a particular frequency band, such as an 80 MHz channel in the 5 GHz band, and communicates with a Station on that channel. With the development of the 802.11 protocol, the channel bandwidth that an AP can occupy has increased significantly. In 802.11be, the maximum channel bandwidth available to an AP can reach 320 MHz. These high-bandwidth channels are logically divided into multiple 20 MHz sub-channels. For example, an 80 MHz channel can be divided into four 20 MHz sub-channels, and a 160 MHz channel can be divided into eight 20 MHz sub-channels, and so on. The multiple 20 MHz sub-channels of a Basic Service Set (BSS) can be categorized as primary channels and non-primary channels. The station (AP or non-AP STA) can determine the primary channel from these multiple 20 MHz sub-channels based on the BSS configuration information; the remaining sub-channels are non-primary channels. Non-primary channels within the operating bandwidth of an AP can also be called secondary channels.

[0196] It is understood that, for ease of description, in the embodiments of this application, unless the bandwidth is explicitly specified, the "main channel" refers to the "main 20MHz channel", the "sub-channel" refers to "a certain 20MHz sub-channel", and the "non-main channel" refers to "a certain 20MHz sub-channel that is not the main 20MHz channel".

[0197] Master channel access refers to a station (AP or non-AP STA) performing preamble detection (PD) on the master channel to determine if the master channel is idle. The station can also determine the idleness of the medium based on the state of the master channel. For example, when a station detects a preamble on the master channel, it indicates that there is PPDU transmission on the master channel, meaning the master channel is not idle, thus determining that the air interface is busy, and the station can perform backoff actions. When performing PD, the station can detect whether there is PPDU transmission on the master channel based on the characteristics of the PPDU (e.g., the PPDU may include a sequence, which is periodic and can be autocorrelated or cross-correlated). If there is a PPDU transmission, the station can extract relevant information from the PPDU. For example, relevant information includes a duration field (carried in the medium access control (MAC) header). The duration field indicates how long it will take for frame interaction to complete after the PPDU, informing the station receiving the PPDU not to compete for the channel during this period. The duration field of the first frame in a TXOP (transmission opportunity) helps indicate the length of this TXOP (i.e., the duration of the TXOP). Specifically, the length of the TXOP can be defined as the length of the PPDU containing the first frame of the TXOP plus the length indicated by the duration field of the first frame of the TXOP. During the detected duration of the TXOP, the station does not compete for the channel to reduce interference with the current transmission.

[0198] For example, after parsing the value of the Duration field, the station sets a network allocation vector (NAV) timer based on that value to record the end time of the current transmission. The station does not compete for the channel until the NAV timer expires (or is reset to 0); after the NAV timer expires, the station can re-compete for the channel.

[0199] The station also needs to perform energy detection (ED) on both the primary and non-primary channels. When the energy detected by the station on a sub-channel exceeds a set threshold, it determines that PPDU transmission is occurring on that sub-channel. The station can only transmit PPDUs if both ED and PD detection results for the primary channel indicate that the channel is idle. During PPDU transmission, the station can puncture the sub-channels of the non-primary channel where PPDU transmission is occurring, and then transmit the PPDUs based on other sub-channels.

[0200] While the primary channel access mechanism is logically clean and simple to operate, its spectrum utilization efficiency decreases as equipment deployment becomes denser and bandwidth increases. For example, on a 160MHz channel, if only the primary 20MHz channel is detected as busy, while all other sub-channels are detected as idle, the primary channel access mechanism prevents the station from using any channel and forces it to back off. However, the remaining sub-channels are idle, resulting in low spectrum utilization efficiency. Therefore, to improve spectrum efficiency, stations can access via non-primary channels. When the primary channel is busy, instead of backing off, they transmit via an idle non-primary channel. The station then switches to a non-primary channel for PD (Power-On Distributed) to compete for the channel. For instance, if an AP with an operating bandwidth of 160MHz detects an 80MHz PPDU (Power-On Distributed DU) by performing PD on the primary channel, the AP can switch to a 20MHz sub-channel of an idle secondary 80MHz channel for PD. The sub-channel used for PD is called the NPCA primary channel, also known as a temporary primary channel, NPCA anchor channel, etc.

[0201] For example, NPCA applications are typically implemented on a BSS basis. For instance, if a station within BSS1 (including APs and non-AP STAs) detects a TXOP across an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the primary channel, such as a TXOP in BSS2, then both the APs and non-AP STAs in BSS1 will switch to the NPCA primary channel for communication. Stations in BSS1 need to switch their PD (Power-On) communication from the non-primary channel back to the primary channel before the TXOP in the primary channel OBSS ends.

[0202] In this embodiment of the application, switching back from the NPCA main channel to the main channel can be referred to as switching back.

[0203] Understandably, when a station detects its own BSS PPDU (i.e., intra-BSS PPDU) on the main channel, the station does not use a non-main channel for access. This is because at this time, the AP of this BSS needs or is participating in the transmission of this BSS station on the main channel. Even if a non-AP station that is not participating in the transmission switches to a non-main channel, it cannot communicate with the AP.

[0204] As shown in Figure 2, AP1 operates with a bandwidth of 160MHz, including a primary 80MHz channel (represented by P80 in Figure 2) and a secondary 80MHz channel (represented by S80 in Figure 2), with the NPCA primary channel set on a sub-channel of the secondary 80MHz. AP1 detects the PPDU of its OBSS on the primary channel (represented by P20 in Figure 2, where P20 refers to the primary 20MHz sub-channel), and obtains the duration of the PPDU or the duration of the TXOP of the OBSS. Stations in the BSS can switch to the NPCA primary channel (represented by NPCA P20 in Figure 2) for PD to compete for the channel, thus utilizing a channel not occupied by the OBSS for transmission. AP1 switches back to the primary channel before the duration of the OBSS PPDU or the end of the TXOP.

[0205] It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, switching (or hopping) from channel A to channel B can be understood as changing from "using channel A for preamble detection" to "using channel B for preamble detection".

[0206] (2) Dynamic sub-band operation (DSO)

[0207] Dynamic sub-band operation can also be called dynamic sub-channel operation.

[0208] DSO (Distributed Single-Side Array) is primarily used in scenarios where the operating bandwidth on the AP side is greater than that on the non-AP STA side. Although device bandwidth has increased with the development of the 802.11 protocol, APs often have fewer constraints (such as power consumption), resulting in situations where the AP's bandwidth exceeds that of the non-AP STA. For example, the AP's operating bandwidth might be 160MHz, while the non-AP STA's is only 80MHz. Considering legacy STAs, the AP might operate at 160MHz while the non-AP STA can only operate at 20MHz. When a high-bandwidth AP communicates with a low-bandwidth non-AP STA, only channels within the non-AP STA's operating bandwidth are utilized, while other channels remain idle, leading to low channel utilization efficiency.

[0209] To address this issue, the Distributed Single-Slot (DSO) mechanism was introduced in 802.11bn. DSO allows high-bandwidth APs to schedule low-bandwidth non-AP STAs onto non-primary channels, enabling them to transmit on a sub-channel. For example, within a BSS, if there is a 160MHz AP and two 80MHz non-AP STAs, without DSO, the AP can only communicate with one non-AP STA on the primary 80MHz channel. However, with DSO enabled, the AP can schedule one of the non-AP STAs onto a secondary 80MHz channel, allowing it to communicate with both non-AP STAs simultaneously, thus improving channel utilization.

[0210] The channel that a non-AP STA operates in DSO mode can be called a DSO sub-band or DSO sub-channel, such as an 80MHz channel that is a sub-channel of a 160MHz channel.

[0211] For example, the AP can use an initial control frame (ICF) to schedule a non-AP STA to switch to the DSO subband. After receiving the ICF, the non-AP STA performs a channel hopping and replies with an initial control response (ICR) frame to the AP after switching to the DSO subband. After receiving the ICR, the AP confirms that the non-AP STA has completed the handover and begins data transmission with the non-AP STA.

[0212] There is a certain switching delay when a non-AP STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband. To ensure that the non-AP STA can respond to the ICR (Inter-Crossing Response) after the short interframe space (SIFS) at the end of the ICF (Inter-Frame Message) (the interval between the ICF and ICR must satisfy SIFS), the AP needs to reserve time for the non-AP STA to switch within the ICF. This reserved time can be achieved by adding padding to the ICF. The non-AP STA performs the switch after receiving the indication information in the ICF. The padding field after the indication information in the ICF can be padded with bits as needed. These padding bits do not contain valid information (e.g., all bits are set to 1). Adding padding bits extends the ICF, ensuring that the non-AP STA has completed the channel switch by the end of the ICF. When sending the ICF to trigger the non-AP STA to initiate DSO, the AP needs to consider the DSO switching delay of the non-AP STA. For example, the AP adds padding bits to the ICF based on the STA's handover delay. The longer the handover delay of a non-AP STA, the longer the padding bits.

[0213] For example, the ICF can assign a RU to a non-AP STA through the resource unit (RU) allocation field in the User Info field corresponding to the non-AP STA. The assigned RU indirectly indicates that the non-AP STA needs to switch to the DSO subband. For example, the assigned RU is located on the DSO subband.

[0214] The ICF can be a buffer status report poll (BSRP) frame or a multi-user request to send (MU-RTS) frame, etc.

[0215] As shown in Figure 3, the AP's operating bandwidth is 160MHz, including a primary 80MHz channel (represented by P80 in Figure 3) and a secondary 80MHz channel (represented by S80 in Figure 3). The AP is associated with STA1 and STA2, both of which have an operating bandwidth of 80MHz. The DSO sub-band is the secondary 80MHz channel. STA2 supports DSO operation. After the AP competes for the channel, it sends an ICF to both STAs, which schedules STA2 onto the DSO sub-channel. Considering the DSO handover delay of STA2, the AP can add padding bits to the ICF so that both STA1 and STA2 can reply with an ICR after the SIFS time of the ICF. After receiving the ICRs from both STAs, the AP transmits STA1's data on the primary 80MHz channel and STA2's data on the secondary 80MHz channel. STA1 replies with a block ack request (BA) frame on the primary 80MHz channel, and STA2 replies with a BA frame on the secondary 80MHz channel. The AP can transmit data with both STA1 and STA2 simultaneously on the 160MHz channel.

[0216] (3) Aggregated control (A-Control) field

[0217] The A-Control field is contained within the high throughput (HT) control field. When the first two bits of the HT control field are set to 1, the remaining 30 bits constitute the A-Control field. The HT control field can be included in the control wrapper frame, the quality of service (QoS) data frame, the QoS null frame, and the MAC header of the management frame.

[0218] The A-Control field contains one or more control subfields. Each control subfield consists of a control identifier (Control ID) and control information. The control ID consists of 4 bits, and the type of information contained in the control information corresponds to the control ID. The number of bits used for the control information varies depending on the control ID. The control information can occupy a maximum of 26 bits.

[0219] (4) In-device coexistence (IDC)

[0220] In-device coexistence refers to the unavailability of a device (including an AP or a non-AP STA) due to interference caused by the coexistence of multiple wireless technologies (or multiple communication standards). In-device coexistence can be called IDC (in-device coexistence), or coexistence (CoEx), or other names. This application does not impose any limitations on this terminology; for ease of description, IDC will be used as an example below. IDC can occur on both the non-AP STA side and the AP side, especially on mobile APs.

[0221] When multiple wireless technologies are used within a device, the 802.11 protocol (i.e., Wi-Fi) and other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) may use overlapping channels, causing interference during transmission. For example, Bluetooth can interfere with Wi-Fi in the 2.4GHz band, preventing them from transmitting normally. To avoid interference from other wireless technologies and to reduce interference from 802.11 transmissions, the access point (AP) or non-AP STA needs to yield during the time other wireless technologies are transmitting (i.e., during the IDC period). This makes the AP or non-AP STA unavailable during this IDC period, also known as the unavailability period.

[0222] Depending on the channels occupied by other wireless technologies, an AP or non-AP STA may be completely or partially unavailable during IDC (Internet Data Center). For example, IDC may cause a device to be unable to transmit for a period of time, or it may reduce the bandwidth available to the device, or it may reduce the number of spatial streams (NSS) available to the device, and so on.

[0223] IDCs (Internet Data Centers) can be divided into periodic IDCs and aperiodic IDCs. Generally, periodic IDCs appear at regular intervals and last for a defined period of time, making them relatively easy to predict in advance; they can also be called long-term IDCs. Aperiodic IDCs are mostly bursty IDCs, with uncertain start times and durations, making them difficult to predict in advance. Since IDCs can cause equipment unavailability, equipment can inform other equipment of relevant IDC information (also known as unavailability information or IDC information) in advance, thereby avoiding invalid transmission and resource waste.

[0224] Besides interference from other wireless technologies, another type of IDC (Internet Data Center) occurs when a STA's end-to-end (peer-to-peer, P2P or PTP) transmissions with other STAs interfere with the transmission between the STA and the AP. In this case, both communication between the STA and the AP, and communication between the STA and other STAs, can utilize the 802.11 protocol. Because P2P occupies the STA's channel, the STA is rendered unusable from the AP's perspective. The characteristics of IDC caused by interference from other wireless technologies, as described above, also apply to IDC caused by P2P transmissions.

[0225] However, in current communication systems, during the data center (IDC) period, one device informs the other device of its IDC information. After receiving this information, the other device will not communicate with the first device during the IDC period, leading to low communication efficiency. For example, during the IDC period, other wireless technologies may occupy part of the device's channel, preventing the device from effectively utilizing the remaining available channels, resulting in low channel utilization and communication efficiency.

[0226] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a communication method and a communication device that can improve channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency. The method provided in this application can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1. For example, the method can be applied to AP and non-AP STA (hereinafter referred to as STA). For relevant descriptions of AP and non-AP STA, please refer to the above text, which will not be detailed here.

[0227] Figure 4 is a flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0228] 401, the AP sends the first message, and the STA receives the first message accordingly.

[0229] The first message is used to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. This STA is associated with the AP, and the AP unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device. That is, the AP is unavailable because other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) within the AP are transmitting data, causing the AP to become unavailable. When the AP is unavailable, the AP and STA perform NPCA operation to communicate on the NPCA main channel. The first message instructing the STA to perform NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable can also be understood as: the first message instructs the STA to perform NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, or, in other words, the first message instructs the STA to perform NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable.

[0230] For example, situations where an AP is unavailable include: the primary channel experiences intra-device coexistence, but the NPCA primary channel does not. That is, intra-device coexistence within the AP interferes with the primary channel but not the NPCA primary channel. Alternatively, other wireless technologies within the AP may occupy the primary channel but not the NPCA primary channel. This situation of AP unavailability can be referred to as the AP's primary channel being unavailable.

[0231] For example, situations where the AP is unavailable include: the STA performing P2P transmission on the main channel, causing the AP's main channel to become unavailable. This situation can be referred to as the AP's main channel being unavailable.

[0232] For example, the first information may include one bit that instructs the STA to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. For instance, when the bit is 1, it instructs the STA to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable; when the bit is 0, it instructs the STA not to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. Alternatively, when the bit is 0, it instructs the STA to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable; when the bit is 1, it instructs the STA not to perform an NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable.

[0233] For example, the first information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the first information is included in the target wake time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0234] The ICF can be a Buffer Status Report Poll (BSRP) frame, a Multi-User Block Acknowledgment Request (MU-BAR) frame, or a Multi-User Request to Send (MU-RTS) frame, or the ICF can be a newly defined trigger frame.

[0235] ICR or CRF can be a Multi-Site Block Acknowledgment (Multi-STABlockAck, Multi-STABA) frame, or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0236] The TWT element can be contained in any of the following frames: TWT Setup frame, Beacon frame, Probe Response frame, Association Response frame, or any other frame that may contain a TWT element.

[0237] The A-Control field can be included in any of the following: Quality of Service (QoS) Data frames, QoS Null frames, and management frames.

[0238] In this embodiment of the application, when the AP is unavailable, the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation through the first information, thereby enabling the AP and the STA to communicate on the NPCA main channel, improving the channel utilization efficiency and the communication efficiency between the AP and the STA.

[0239] Optionally, the method shown in Figure 4 includes step 402.

[0240] 402, the AP sends the second message, and the STA receives the second message accordingly.

[0241] The second information indicates the period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable. During this period, the AP's main channel is unavailable, but the NPCA main channel is available. The aforementioned first information instructs the STA to perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. Alternatively, the first information instructs the STA to switch to the NPCA main channel during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable, or in other words, the first information instructs the STA to perform preamble detection on the NPCA main channel during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. Here, the NPCA main channel refers to the non-main channel used for preamble detection during NPCA operation. This non-main channel used for preamble detection can also have other names, such as temporary main channel, NPCA anchor channel, etc. This application does not limit the name of the non-main channel used for preamble detection. The first information can also be called NPCA indication.

[0242] This second piece of information can also be called AP unavailability information or AP IDC information.

[0243] For example, the second information indicates the start and end times of the AP's primary channel unavailability period, or the second information indicates the start time and duration of the AP's primary channel unavailability period. This allows the STA to determine the AP's primary channel unavailability period. The AP's primary channel unavailability period refers to the time during which the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the primary channel.

[0244] As an example, the AP's main channel unavailable period refers to the time during which the AP's main channel is unavailable due to intra-device coexistence (IDC), or the time during which the main channel experiences IDC, but the NPCA main channel does not transmit IDC. For example, the AP's main channel unavailable period includes the time during which other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) occupy the main channel. The AP's main channel unavailable period can also be referred to as the AP's unavailable period or the AP's IDC period.

[0245] As another example, the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable can refer to the period when the STA is performing P2P transmission on the main channel, which prevents the AP from communicating with the STA on the main channel.

[0246] As another example, the period during which the AP's primary channel is unavailable can be the service period (SP) of the OBSS. During the OBSS's service period, the OBSS occupies the primary channel, making it difficult for the AP to compete for the primary channel and thus preventing it from communicating with the STA on the primary channel.

[0247] For example, the primary channel unavailability period of the AP can be periodic. For instance, the primary channel unavailability period may include periods of primary channel unavailability caused by periodic IDC (Internet Data Center) activity. Or, the primary channel unavailability period may include the OBSS (On-Board Service) period. In this case, the second information can also indicate the periodicity of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0248] For example, the second information may also indicate the unavailable channel bandwidth during the AP's primary channel unavailability period, which includes the primary channel. For instance, this channel bandwidth may include a primary 40MHz channel, a primary 80MHz channel, or a primary 160MHz channel. This channel bandwidth could be the channel bandwidth occupied by other wireless technologies, or the channel bandwidth occupied by the STA for P2P communication, or the channel bandwidth occupied during the OBSS service period. During the AP's primary channel unavailability period, the AP cannot communicate with the STA within this channel bandwidth. Therefore, indicating this channel bandwidth in the second information enables the STA to know about the unavailable channels, thereby avoiding communication with the AP on these channels.

[0249] For example, the second information is contained in the ICF, ICR, or CRF, or the second information is contained in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

[0250] The ICF can be a BSRP frame, a MU-BAR frame, or a MU-RTS frame, or it can be a newly defined trigger frame.

[0251] ICR or CRF can be a Multi-STABA frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0252] The TWT element can be contained in any of the following frames: TWT setup frame, beacon frame, probe response frame, association response frame, or any other frame that may contain a TWT element.

[0253] The A-Control field can be included in any of the QoS data frames, QoS empty frames, and management frames.

[0254] During the period when the AP's primary channel is unavailable, the AP and STA perform NPCA operations, such as switching from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel. As shown in Figure 5, before the AP's primary channel becomes unavailable, the AP sends IDC information (i.e., the second information) and NPCA indication (i.e., the first information), and the STA can reply with the corresponding response frame. At the beginning of the AP's primary channel unavailability period, the AP and STA switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel and perform data transmission on the secondary 80MHz channel, which includes the NPCA primary channel. For example, on the secondary 80MHz channel, the AP sends an ICF to the STA, and after the STA replies with an ICR, the AP sends a downlink PPDU (DL PPDU) to the STA. After receiving the DL PPDU, the STA replies with a BA frame. The AP and STA switch back to the primary channel at the end of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0255] For example, after receiving the first or second information, the STA may not reply with a response frame. The AP assumes that the STA is already aware of this information and will perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. For instance, if the first or second information is contained in the TWT element of the beacon frame, or if the first or second information is contained in an unsolicited BSRP frame, the STA may not reply with a response frame.

[0256] For example, after receiving the first or second information, the STA can reply with a corresponding response frame, indicating in the response frame whether it will perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. For instance, this response frame could be a buffer status report (BSR) frame. In this way, the STA can decide for itself whether to switch to the NPCA main channel during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. If the STA chooses not to switch to the NPCA main channel, it cannot communicate with the AP during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable, but it can participate in P2P transmissions with other STAs and can maintain medium synchronization on the main channel.

[0257] In one possible implementation, the first and second pieces of information mentioned above are the same information, which indicates the period during which the AP's primary channel is unavailable and simultaneously instructs the STA to perform NPCA operation during the AP's primary channel unavailability period. Alternatively, after the AP indicates the period during which its primary channel is unavailable to the STA, both the AP and the STA default to performing NPCA operation during that period.

[0258] In another possible implementation, the AP can send a first message based on its unavailability (or the period during which the AP's primary channel is unavailable) to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation. For example, the AP could send this first message at the beginning of the AP's primary channel unavailability period or some time before the beginning of the AP's primary channel unavailability period. The AP then performs the NPCA operation after sending the first message. The STA performs the NPCA operation after receiving the first message.

[0259] Optionally, the first and second information can be carried in the same frame; for example, the first and second information can be carried in the first frame. Through this first frame, the AP instructs the STA to perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable, while simultaneously sending the AP's unavailability information.

[0260] Regarding the first frame mentioned above, this application provides the following implementation methods:

[0261] Implementation method 1: The first frame includes a target wake time (TWT) element, and the first and second information are contained in the TWT element.

[0262] For example, the AP's primary channel unavailability period is periodic, meaning the TWT element can be used to indicate the AP's periodic primary channel unavailability period. For instance, the TWT element may include the start time, duration, and period of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0263] For example, at least one bit in the TWT element may indicate that the TWT element includes AP unavailability information (i.e., first information), or at least one bit in the TWT element may indicate that the TWT element indicates AP main channel unavailability information.

[0264] In this example, the second information includes one bit. The AP can use this one bit in the TWT element to indicate that the AP and STA need to perform NPCA operation during the primary channel unavailability period indicated by the TWT element. Setting this bit to 1 indicates performing NPCA operation, or setting this bit to 0 indicates performing NPCA operation. For example, this second information can be included in the TWT parameter information field of the TWT element, that is, one bit in the TWT parameter information field can be used to indicate that the STA should perform NPCA operation during the primary channel unavailability period.

[0265] For example, the first frame may be a TWT Setup frame, a Beacon frame, a Probe Response frame, an Association Response frame, or other frames that may contain TWT elements.

[0266] Implementation Method 2: The first frame includes the A-Control field, and the first and second information are contained in the A-Control field.

[0267] For example, the first frame can be any of a QoS Data frame, a QoS Null frame, or a management frame. The AP can indicate unavailability information and instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable in the A-Control field of the QoS Data frame, QoS Null frame, or management frame sent to the STA.

[0268] In this example, the AP can use one or more bits in the A-Control field to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation during the period when the primary channel is unavailable as indicated by the A-Control field.

[0269] Implementation method 3: The first frame is an initial control frame (ICF), an initial control response frame (ICR), or a control response frame (CRF).

[0270] As an example, the first frame is an ICF (Initial Class Frame). First and second information can be carried within the ICF; that is, the AP sends an ICF to the STA, including unavailability information (i.e., the first information). For instance, the ICF may include the start time and duration of the AP's primary channel unavailability period. If the AP's primary channel unavailability period is periodic, the ICF may also include the period of that period.

[0271] For example, the ICF is a trigger frame. The first and second information can be carried in the Special User Info field, User Info field, or Common Info field of the ICF. The ICF can be a Buffer Status Report Poll (BSRP) frame, a Multi-User Request to Send (MU-RTS) frame, or a Multi-User Block Acknowledgment Request (MU-BAR) frame. Alternatively, the ICF can be a newly defined trigger frame. For instance, if the ICF is a BSRP, the AP can use 1 bit in the BSRP to instruct the AP and STA to perform NPCA operations during the period when the AP's primary channel is unavailable, as indicated by the BSRP. This bit can be carried in the Special User Info field, User Info field, or Common Info field of the BSRP.

[0272] For example, taking the first and second information special user information fields as examples, the frame structure of this ICF can be shown in Figure 6. This ICF includes one or more of the following fields: Frame Control field (2 bytes), Duration field (2 bytes), Receive Address (RA) field (6 bytes), Transmit Address (TA) field (6 bytes), Common Info field (8 or more bytes), User Info List (variable length), Padding field (variable length), and Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field (4 bytes). The User Info List includes a Special User Info field and a User Info field. One of the special user information fields (occupying 5 bytes) can be used to carry unavailability information. This special user information field may include an association identifier (AID12) (occupying 12 bits), a reserved field (occupying 9 bits), an unavailable start time (occupying 9 bits), an unavailable duration (occupying 9 bits), and an NPCA indication (occupying 1 bit). The unavailable start time and unavailable duration indicate the period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable, and the NPCA indication is used to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operations during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0273] In the Special User Info field, which indicates unavailability information, the order of all fields except AID12 can be changed. The reserved bits in this Special User Info field can be used to indicate other information, such as unavailable bandwidth information or the period of main channel unavailability. The value of AID12 can indicate that this Special User Info field carries unavailability information, or the value of AID12 and the X bits (e.g., X=4) in the reserved field can be used together to indicate that this Special User Info field carries unavailability information.

[0274] It is understood that the positional relationship of each field and the number of bytes or bits occupied shown in Figure 6 are only examples, and this application does not impose any restrictions on the positional relationship of each field or the number of bytes or bits occupied.

[0275] After receiving the ICF, the STA may reply with the corresponding response frame or not; this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0276] As another example, the first frame is either ICR or CRF.

[0277] For example, the ICR is used to reply to the ICF sent by the STA, and the CRF is used to reply to the PPDU sent by the STA. That is, the AP can indicate the AP's unavailability information (including the start time and duration of the AP's main channel unavailability period) in the reply ICR / CRF. The ICR / CRF can be a Multi-STA Block Ack (Multi-STA BA) frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0278] For example, the ICR / CRF is a Multi-STA BA frame, that is, the AP can use 1 bit in the Multi-STA BA frame to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable as indicated by the Multi-STA BA frame. This bit can be carried in the Per AID TID Info field of the Multi-STA BA frame.

[0279] For example, the structure of a Multi-STA BA frame can be as shown in Figure 7. The BA Information field of the Multi-STA BA frame can carry one or more Per AID TID Info fields. One of the Per AID TID Info fields can be used to indicate the unavailability information of the AP (such as indicating the period of unavailability of the AP's main channel) and the NPCA indication. A Per AID TID Info field can include an AID TID info field, a block ack starting sequence control field, and a block ack bitmap. The unavailability information and the NPCA indication can be contained in the block ack bitmap. For example, the block ack bitmap fields include unavailable start time (occupying 9 bits), unavailable duration (occupying 9 bits), NPCA indication (occupying 1 bit), and a reserved field (occupying 13 bits). The order of the content indicated by the block acknowledgment bitmap shown in Figure 7 can be changed. Reserved bits can be used to indicate other information, such as unavailable bandwidth information. The block acknowledgment bitmap can also use different numbers of bytes, such as 8 bytes. The AID TID Info subfield in the Per AID TID Info field can be used to indicate that the Per AID TID Info carries unavailable information and an NPCA indication.

[0280] As shown in Figure 7, the Multi-STA BA frame also includes at least one of the following: a frame control field (occupying 2 bytes), a duration field (occupying 2 bytes), an RA field (occupying 6 bytes), a TA field (occupying 6 bytes), a BA control field (occupying 2 bytes), and an FCS field (occupying 4 bytes).

[0281] It is understood that the positional relationship of each field and the number of bytes or bits occupied shown in Figure 7 are only examples, and this application does not impose any restrictions on the positional relationship of each field or the number of bytes or bits occupied.

[0282] In one possible implementation, the AP and STA can perform NPCA operations based on default NPCA parameters. These default NPCA parameters can be negotiated between the STA and AP during the association phase.

[0283] In another possible implementation, the AP can send third information to the STA, which in turn receives the third information. The third information includes NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation, or it indicates that the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation have been updated. These NPCA parameters may include at least one of the NPCA main channel and the NPCA minimum duration threshold.

[0284] For example, if the default NPCA parameters are unavailable, the AP can instruct the NPCA operation to use the corresponding NPCA parameters via third-party information. Alternatively, the AP can also instruct the STA via third-party information that the NPCA operation parameters have been updated. For instance, if the default NPCA primary channel for both the AP and STA becomes unavailable due to IDC, the AP needs to update the NPCA primary channel.

[0285] For example, the third information can be sent together with the first information and / or the second information. For instance, the third information can be carried in the first frame described above.

[0286] For example, when the third information includes NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation, these NPCA parameters can be used only for NPCA operations when the AP is unavailable. During other time periods (such as OBSS TXOP), the AP and STA use the default NPCA parameters to perform NPCA operations. Alternatively, the NPCA parameters carried by the third information can also be used to update the default NPCA parameters, so that the NPCA parameters can also be used during other time periods.

[0287] For another example, when the third information indicates that the NPCA parameters corresponding to the NPCA operation have been updated, the updated NPCA parameters can be carried in other frames (e.g., beacon frames, probe response frames, or other management frames). The AP indicates that the NPCA parameters have been updated through this third information, and the STA can receive the updated NPCA parameters by receiving other frames. In this example, the updated NPCA parameters can be applied to periods when the AP's main channel is unavailable or to other periods (e.g., TXOP of the OBSS).

[0288] In this example, the third piece of information may include one bit, which indicates that the NPCA parameters have been updated.

[0289] For example, the updated NPCA parameters are carried in the beacon frame. After the STA receives the third information, it receives the beacon frame and obtains the updated NPCA parameters from the beacon frame.

[0290] For example, the updated NPCA parameters are carried in the probe response frame. After receiving the third information, the STA sends a probe request frame to the AP. After receiving the probe request frame, the AP replies to the STA with a probe response frame, which carries the updated NPCA parameters. The STA receives the probe response frame and obtains the updated NPCA parameters from it.

[0291] It is understood that step 402 can be executed before step 401, or after step 401, or steps 401 and 402 can be executed simultaneously (e.g., the first information and the second information are carried in the same frame or the first information and the second information are the same information). This application does not restrict the order of steps 401 and 402.

[0292] Optionally, the method shown in Figure 4 further includes steps 403 and 404.

[0293] 403, the AP switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0294] The NPCA main channel is a non-main channel used for PD.

[0295] As an example, the AP switches from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel at the beginning of the period when the AP's primary channel is unavailable.

[0296] As another example, the AP switches from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel at the first instant. This first instant occurs before the start of the AP's primary channel unavailability period, and the time interval between this first instant and the start of the primary channel unavailability period is related to the AP's NPCA handover delay. The AP's NPCA handover delay is the time required for the AP to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel.

[0297] For example, the time interval between the first moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is the AP's NPCA handover delay, or the time interval between the first moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is greater than the AP's NPCA handover delay.

[0298] In this example, the AP switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel based on the AP's NPCA handover delay and the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period. This allows the AP to complete the handover at the start of the AP's main channel unavailability period and compete for the channel on the NPCA main channel earlier.

[0299] As another example, the AP switches from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel at the first moment. The first moment is before the start of the period when the AP's primary channel is unavailable, and the time interval between the first moment and the start of the period when the AP's primary channel is unavailable is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0300] The duration required for an AP to transmit data once can be the minimum duration required for an AP to transmit data once.

[0301] For example, the minimum duration required for an AP to transmit data once is the duration required for the AP to transmit a short data frame or acknowledgment (Ack) frame; alternatively, the minimum duration required for an AP to transmit data once is the duration required to transmit a short data frame plus an acknowledgment frame; or alternatively, the minimum duration required for an AP to transmit data once is the duration of one RTS / CTS frame exchange plus the duration of transmitting a short data frame. For instance, the AP may select a data transmission duration of 72 microseconds (µs) based on the required duration for transmitting an Ack frame using a non-HT PPDU format and a data rate of 6 Mb per second.

[0302] For example, the duration required for one data transmission by the aforementioned AP can be specified by the protocol.

[0303] In this example, during the period from the first moment to the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period, even if the AP wins the channel on the main channel, it cannot successfully complete a data transmission with the STA on the main channel. Therefore, the AP can start switching at the first moment and switch to the NPCA main channel in advance, thus enabling it to compete for the channel on the NPCA main channel earlier.

[0304] As another example, the AP switches from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel at the first instant. This first instant occurs before the start of the AP's primary channel unavailability period, and the time interval between the first instant and the start of the primary channel unavailability period is the greater of the duration of one data transmission by the AP and the AP's NPCA handover delay. In this way, the AP can switch to the NPCA primary channel earlier, thereby engaging in channel contention on the NPCA primary channel.

[0305] 404 indicates that STA switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0306] For example, the STA can start switching at the same time as the AP. For instance, the STA can switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the beginning or the first moment of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable. The explanation of this first moment can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0307] For example, the STA completes handover at the same time as the AP. The STA's handover start time is: AP's handover start time + AP handover delay - STA handover delay. Thus, when the STA's NPCA handover delay is greater than the AP's NPCA handover delay, the AP does not need to wait for the STA to complete handover after completing its own handover, allowing the AP and STA to communicate on the NPCA main channel earlier.

[0308] The STA switches from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel at either the beginning or the second time point of the primary channel unavailability period of the AP. The second time point occurs before the beginning of the primary channel unavailability period of the AP, and the time interval between the second time point and the beginning of the primary channel unavailability period of the AP is related to at least one of the following: the STA's NPCA handover delay, the AP's NPCA handover delay, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP. The STA's NPCA handover delay is the handover delay required for the STA to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel.

[0309] For example, the time interval between the second moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is: the STA's NPCA handover delay. Another example: the time interval between the second moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is: the AP's NPCA handover delay. Yet another example: the time interval between the second moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is: the duration required for one data transmission by the AP. Yet another example: the time interval between the second moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is: the STA's NPCA handover delay - the AP's NPCA handover delay. Finally, the time interval between the second moment and the start of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is: the duration required for one data transmission by the AP + the STA's NPCA handover delay - the AP's NPCA handover delay.

[0310] For example, the AP can inform the STA of its NPA handover latency, and / or the STA can inform the AP of its NPA handover latency.

[0311] Regarding the start time of AP and STA switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel, the embodiments of this application also provide the following examples:

[0312] Example 1: As shown in Figure 8A, the start time of the AP switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is the start time of the AP's main channel being unavailable. The start time of the STA switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is the start time of the AP's main channel being unavailable.

[0313] Example 2: As shown in Figure 8B, the start time for the AP to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period. The start time for the STA to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period + the AP's NPCA handover delay - the STA's NPCA handover delay. In this way, the STA and AP can complete the handover simultaneously.

[0314] Example 3: As shown in Figure 8C, the start time of AP switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is: the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period - the AP's NPCA handover delay. The start time of STA switching from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is: the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period - the AP's NPCA handover delay.

[0315] Example 4: As shown in Figure 8D, the start time for the AP to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel is: the start time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period minus the AP's NPCA handover delay. The start time for the STA to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel is: the start time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period minus the STA's NPCA handover delay. In this way, both the AP and the STA can complete the handover at the start time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0316] Example 5: As shown in Figure 8E, the start time for the AP to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is: the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period - the duration required for one data transmission by the AP (represented by Δ in Figure 8E). The start time for the STA to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel is: the start time of the AP's main channel unavailability period - the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0317] Example 6: As shown in Figure 8F, the start time for the AP to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel is: the start time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period - the duration required for one data transmission by the AP (represented by Δ in Figure 8E). The start time for the STA to switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel is: the start time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period - the duration required for one data transmission by the AP + the AP's NPCA handover delay - the STA's NPCA handover delay. This allows the STA and AP to complete the handover simultaneously.

[0318] Optionally, the method shown in Figure 4 further includes steps 405 and 406.

[0319] 405, the AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the end of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0320] For example, the time interval between the start time of the AP switching from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel and the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period is the AP's NPCA switch-back delay. The AP's NPCA switch-back delay refers to the delay required for the AP to switch back to the primary channel from the NPCA primary channel. In other words, the start time of the AP switching back to the primary channel from the NPCA primary channel is: the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period - the AP's NPCA switch-back delay. In this way, the AP can switch back to the primary channel at the end of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0321] 406, STA switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the end of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

[0322] As an example, the time interval between the start time of the STA switching back to the main channel from the NPAC main channel and the end time of the AP's main channel unavailability period is the STA's NPCA switchback delay. The STA's NPCA switchback delay refers to the delay required for the STA to switch back to the main channel from the NPCA main channel. In other words, the start time of the STA switching back to the main channel from the NPCA main channel is: the end time of the AP's main channel unavailability period - the STA's NPCA switchback delay, as shown in Figures 8A to 8F. This allows the STA to switch back to the main channel at the end of the AP's main channel unavailability period.

[0323] As another example, the time interval between the start time of the STA switching from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel and the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period is the AP's NPCA handback delay. In other words, the start time of the STA switching back to the primary channel from the NPCA primary channel is: the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period - the AP's NPCA handback delay. Thus, the AP and STA start switching back to the primary channel simultaneously, ensuring time alignment between the AP and STA on the NPCA primary channel.

[0324] In one possible implementation, the AP and STA can switch from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel based on the later of the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailable period and the end time of the OBSS's TXOP.

[0325] Specifically, the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation. For example, the TXOP of the OBSS occupies the AP's main channel but does not occupy the AP's NPCA main channel. Another example is that the duration of the TXOP of the OBSS is greater than or equal to the NPCA Minimum Duration Threshold.

[0326] The period during which the AP's main channel is unavailable overlaps with the TXOP of this OBSS.

[0327] For example, the AP can inform the STA of its NPA handback latency, and / or the STA can inform the AP of its NPA handback latency.

[0328] In this implementation, the AP and STA can perform NPCA operations triggered by the AP's primary channel unavailability period and the TXOP of the OBSS. The NPCA switchback time for the AP and STA can be the later of the end time of the OBSS TXOP and the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period.

[0329] For example, the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period is before the end time of the OBSS's TXOP. In other words, the end time of the AP's primary channel unavailability period is within the OBSS's TXOP. That is, when the AP's primary channel unavailability period ends, the OBSS's TXOP is in progress. During this time, the AP and STA continue to camp on the NPCA primary channel. Only when the OBSS's TXOP ends do the AP and STA switch back to the primary channel from the NPCA primary channel. Thus, although the AP's primary channel unavailability period ends, the OBSS's TXOP has not ended, and the AP's primary channel remains unavailable. Therefore, the AP and STA can utilize the NPCA primary channel for communication, improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0330] For example, the end time of the OBSS's TXOP occurs before the end time of the AP's main channel unavailability period. In other words, the end time of the OBSS's TXOP falls within the AP's main channel unavailability period. That is, when the OBSS's TXOP ends, the AP's main channel unavailability period has not yet ended. During this time, the AP and STA continue to camp on the NPCA main channel. Only when the AP's main channel unavailability period ends do the STA and AP switch back to the main channel from the NPCA main channel. Thus, the OBSS's TXOP ends, but the AP's main channel remains unavailable. Therefore, the AP and STA can utilize the NPCA main channel for communication, improving channel utilization efficiency.

[0331] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0332] 901, AP sends the fourth message, and STA receives the fourth message accordingly.

[0333] The STA is associated with the AP.

[0334] For example, the fourth information indicates that the STA should disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, and the AP unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device. That is, the AP is unavailable because other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) within the AP are transmitting data, causing the AP to become unavailable. The fourth information is used to indicate that the STA should disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. It can also be understood that the fourth information is used to indicate that the STA is not allowed to perform NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, or that the fourth information instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable.

[0335] For example, if the AP is unavailable, the AP sends a fourth message to instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation.

[0336] For example, situations where an AP is unavailable include: NPCA primary channel coexists within the device, but the primary channel itself does not. That is, intra-device coexistence of the AP interferes with the NPCA primary channel, but does not interfere with the primary channel itself. Alternatively, other wireless technologies within the AP may occupy the NPCA primary channel, but not the primary channel itself. AP unavailability can also be referred to as the AP's NPCA primary channel being unavailable.

[0337] For example, situations where the AP is unavailable include: the STA performing P2P transmission on the NPCA main channel, causing the AP's NPCA main channel to become unavailable. The situation where the AP is unavailable can also be referred to as the situation where the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable.

[0338] For example, the fourth information may include one bit that instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. For instance, the bit being 1 indicates that the STA should disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. Alternatively, the bit being 0 indicates that the STA should disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable.

[0339] For example, the fourth information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the fourth information is included in the target wake-up time (TWT) element or the aggregate control (A-Control) field.

[0340] The ICF can be a BSRP frame, a MU-BAR frame, or a MU-RTS frame, or it can be a newly defined type of trigger frame.

[0341] ICR or CRF can be a Multi-STABA frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0342] The TWT element can be contained in any of the following frames: TWT setup frame, beacon frame, probe response frame, association response frame, or any other frame that may contain a TWT element.

[0343] The A-Control field can be included in any of the QoS data frames, QoS null frames, and management frames.

[0344] In this embodiment of the application, when the AP is unavailable, the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable through the fourth information, thereby avoiding the overhead of STA switching and handover.

[0345] Optionally, the method shown in Figure 9 includes step 902.

[0346] 902, AP sends the fifth message, and STA receives the fifth message accordingly.

[0347] This fifth message indicates the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable. This fifth message can also be referred to as the AP's unavailability message. During the NPCA primary channel unavailability period, the primary channel is available, but the NPCA primary channel is unavailable. The aforementioned fourth message instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation during the NPCA primary channel unavailability period. During the AP's NPCA primary channel unavailability period, both the AP and the STA camp on the primary channel and perform PD on the primary channel.

[0348] In this embodiment, during the NPCA main channel unavailable period, even if the STA and AP detect an OBSS TXOP on the main channel, they do not perform NPCA operations but continue to camp on the main channel. During the NPCA main channel unavailable period, the NPCA main channel is unavailable, and the AP and STA cannot communicate even if they switch to the NPCA main channel. Therefore, even if an OBSS TXOP is detected, the AP remains camped on the main channel until the end of the NPCA main channel unavailable period. This avoids the overhead of handover and switchback, and the AP may be able to compete for the channel on the main channel. For example, if the OBSS TXOP ends earlier than the end of the AP's NPCA main channel unavailable period, or if the OBSS TXOP ends early, the AP may have a chance to compete for the channel on the main channel.

[0349] For example, the fifth information indicates the start and end times of the period when the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable, or the fifth information indicates the start time and duration of the period when the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable. This allows the STA to determine the period when the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable. The period when the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable refers to the time period during which the AP cannot communicate with the STA on the NPCA main channel.

[0350] For example, the NPCA primary channel unavailability period of an AP refers to the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable due to IDC (Internet Data Center). For instance, the NPCA primary channel unavailability period includes periods when other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) occupy the NPCA primary channel. The NPCA primary channel unavailability period of an AP can also be referred to as the AP's unavailability period or the AP's IDC period.

[0351] For example, the period when the AP's NPCA main channel is unavailable can refer to the period when the STA is performing P2P transmission on the NPCA main channel, which prevents the AP from communicating with the STA on the NPCA main channel.

[0352] For example, the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable can be periodic. For instance, the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable may include periods of NPCA primary channel unavailability caused by periodic IDC (Internet Data Center) activity. In this case, the fifth information may also indicate the period of the AP's NPCA primary channel unavailability period.

[0353] For example, the fifth information may also indicate the unavailable channel bandwidth during the period when the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable, including the NPCA primary channel. For instance, this channel bandwidth may include a secondary 40MHz channel, a secondary 80MHz channel, or a secondary 160MHz channel. This channel bandwidth may be the channel bandwidth occupied by other wireless technologies, or it may be the channel bandwidth occupied by the STA for P2P communication. During the period when the NPCA primary channel is unavailable, the AP cannot communicate with the STA within this channel bandwidth. Therefore, the fifth information indicating this channel bandwidth enables the STA to know about the unavailable channels, thereby avoiding communication with the AP on these channels.

[0354] For example, the fifth information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the fifth information is included in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

[0355] Optionally, the fourth and fifth pieces of information mentioned above are carried in the second frame. Through this second frame, the AP instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation during the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable, while simultaneously indicating the period during which the NPCA main channel is unavailable.

[0356] For a detailed explanation of the second frame, please refer to the implementation methods one to three of the first frame as shown above; they will not be elaborated here.

[0357] In one possible implementation, the fourth and fifth pieces of information mentioned above can be the same information, which indicates the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable, and simultaneously instructs the STA to disable NPCA operations during this period. Alternatively, after the AP indicates the period during which the NPCA primary channel is unavailable to the STA via this information, both the AP and the STA disable NPCA operations by default during this period. Alternatively, the channel bandwidth of the NPCA unavailable period indicated by this information includes the NPCA primary channel, thereby indirectly instructing the STA to disable NPCA operations during this period.

[0358] In another possible implementation, the AP can send a fourth message based on its unavailability (or the period during which the AP's NPCA primary channel is unavailable) to instruct the STA to perform NPCA operation. For example, the AP could send this fourth message at the beginning of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period or some time before the beginning of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period. The AP then performs the NPCA operation after sending the fourth message. The STA performs the NPCA operation after receiving the fourth message.

[0359] It is understood that step 902 can be executed before step 901 or after step 901, or step 901 and step 902 can be executed simultaneously (e.g., the fourth information and the fifth information are carried in the same frame or the fourth information and the fifth information are the same information). This application does not restrict the order of steps 901 and 902.

[0360] Optionally, the method shown in Figure 9 may also include steps 903 and 904.

[0361] 903, the AP switches from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel based on the start time of the NPCA primary channel unavailable period.

[0362] If the AP and STA are camped on the NPCA main channel before the start of the NPCA main channel unavailability period, then the AP and STA need to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the start of the NPCA main channel unavailability period. For example, as shown in Figure 10A, before the start of the NPCA main channel unavailability period, the AP and STA are triggered to perform NPCA operation by the OBSS TXOP, and the AP and STA are transmitting on the secondary 80MHz (such as transmitting ICF, ICR, DL PPDU, BA frames, etc.). The end time of the OBSS TXOP is later than the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailability period, and the AP and STA need to switch back to the main channel before the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailability period.

[0363] During the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable, the NPCA main channel is in an unavailable state. Even if the AP and STA remain on the NPCA main channel, they cannot communicate. Therefore, the AP can switch back to the main channel early. If the TXOP of the OBSS on the main channel might end early—that is, if the OBSS's TXOP ends before its original TXOP end time (e.g., the OBSS sends a contention-free end (CF-End) frame before its original TXOP end time), the AP determines that the OBSS's TXOP has ended after detecting the CF-End frame. In this case, the AP can switch back to the main channel early, allowing the AP and STA to compete for the channel on the main channel earlier for communication.

[0364] As an example, the AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. That is, the time when the AP begins to switch back is the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable.

[0365] As another example, the AP switches from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel at time three. That is, the AP begins the switchback at time three. Time three is before the start of the period when the NPCA primary channel is unavailable, and the time interval between time three and the start of the period when the NPCA primary channel is unavailable is related to the AP's NPCA switchback delay.

[0366] For example, the time interval between the third moment and the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period is the AP's NPCA switchback delay, or the time interval between the third moment and the start of the AP's main channel unavailable period is greater than the AP's NPCA switchback delay.

[0367] In this example, the AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the AP's NPCA switchback delay and the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period. The switch can be completed at the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, thus enabling the AP to compete for the main channel in advance if the OBSS TXOP ends early.

[0368] As another example, the AP switches from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel at a third time. This third time occurs before the start of the period during which the NPCA primary channel is unavailable, and the time interval between the third time and the start of the period is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0369] In this example, during the period from the third moment to the start of the AP's main channel unavailability period, even if the AP wins the channel on the NPCA main channel, it cannot successfully complete a data transmission with the STA on the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the AP can start switching at the third moment and switch back to the main channel in advance, so that it can compete for the main channel in advance if the TXOP of OBSS ends early.

[0370] 904, STA switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period.

[0371] For example, the STA switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period or at the fourth time. The fourth time is before the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, and the time interval between the fourth time and the beginning of the NPCA main channel unavailable period is related to at least one of the following: the NPCA switchback delay of the non-AP STA, the NPCA switchback delay of the AP, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

[0372] For example, the time interval between the fourth time point and the start of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is: the STA's NPCA handover delay. Another example: the time interval between the fourth time point and the start of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is: the AP's NPCA handover delay. Yet another example: the time interval between the fourth time point and the start of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is: the duration required for one data transmission by the AP. Yet another example: the time interval between the fourth time point and the start of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is: the STA's NPCA handover delay - the AP's NPCA handover delay. Finally, the time interval between the fourth time point and the start of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is: the duration required for one data transmission by the AP + the STA's NPCA handover delay - the AP's NPCA handover delay.

[0373] As an example, the STA begins switching back at the same time as the AP. For instance, the STA begins switching from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. Alternatively, the STA switches back to the main channel at the fourth time, which is the same as the third time. For an explanation of this fourth time, please refer to the description of the third time above; it will not be repeated here.

[0374] As another example, the STA completes the handover at the same time as the AP. The STA switches from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel at time four. Time four is defined as: AP handover completion time - STA handover delay, or AP handover start time + AP handover delay - STA handover delay. Thus, when the STA's handover delay is greater than the AP's handover delay, the AP does not need to wait for the STA to complete its handover after completing its own, allowing the AP and STA to communicate on the primary channel earlier.

[0375] For example, the AP can inform the STA of the AP's NPCA handback latency, and / or the STA can inform the AP of the STA's NPCA handback latency.

[0376] Regarding the start time of AP and STA handover, the embodiments of this application also provide the following examples:

[0377] Example 1: The start time for the AP and STA to switch back to the main channel is the start time of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. That is, the AP switches back to the main channel from the NPCA main channel at the start time of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. The STA switches back to the main channel from the NPCA main channel at the start time of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable.

[0378] Example 2: The start time of AP handover is the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailability period. The start time of STA handover is the start time of AP main channel unavailability period + AP NPCA handover delay - STA handover switching delay. In this way, STA and AP can complete the handover simultaneously.

[0379] Example 3: The start time of AP handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period - the AP's NPCA handover delay. The start time of STA handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period - the AP's NPCA handover delay.

[0380] Example 4: The start time of AP handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period - the AP's NPCA handover delay. The start time of STA handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period - the STA's NPCA handover delay. In this way, both AP and STA can complete the handover at the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period.

[0381] Example 5: The start time for AP handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period minus the duration required for one AP data transmission. The start time for STA handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period minus the duration required for one AP data transmission.

[0382] Example 6: The start time for AP handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailability period - the duration required for one AP data transmission. The start time for STA handover is: the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailability period - the duration required for one AP data transmission + the AP's NPCA handover delay - the STA's NPCA handover delay. This allows both STA and AP to complete handover simultaneously.

[0383] In one possible implementation, the end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period falls within the OBSS's TXOP (Turn-Only Operation). That is, the OBSS's TXOP is in progress when the NPCA primary channel unavailability period ends. In other words, the end time of the OBSS's TXOP is later than the end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period. In this case, the AP and STA can perform NPCA operations after the NPCA unavailability period ends and switch back to the primary channel after the OBSS's TXOP ends.

[0384] Specifically, the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for triggering NPCA operations by the AP and STA. For example, the TXOP of the OBSS occupies the main channel but does not occupy the NPCA main channel. Another example is that the duration of the TXOP of the OBSS meets the minimum duration threshold for NPCA by the AP and STA.

[0385] For example, as shown in Figure 10B, the AP and STA switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel based on the end of the NPCA unavailable period, and perform transmissions (such as transmitting ICF, ICR, DL PPDU, BA frames, etc.) on the NPCA primary channel or the secondary 80MHz channel. The AP and STA switch back from the NPCA primary channel to the primary channel based on the end of the OBSS TXOP.

[0386] For example, the AP can start switching at the end of the NPCA unavailable period, or the AP can complete the switching at the end of the NPCA unavailable period (e.g., the start switching time of the AP is the end of the NPCA unavailable period - the AP's NPCA switching delay).

[0387] For example, the STA can start handover at the same time as the AP. Alternatively, the STA can also complete handover at the same time as the AP, for example, the STA's handover start time is the AP's handover completion time minus the STA's NPCA handover delay.

[0388] For example, the time interval between the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is greater than or equal to a first threshold. That is, when the time interval between the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the AP and STA switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel based on the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period. When the time interval between the end of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the end of the OBSS TXOP is less than the first threshold, the AP and STA do not switch from the primary channel to the NPCA primary channel; that is, the AP and STA do not perform NPCA operations. This avoids the overhead caused by frequent switching and handback of the AP and STA.

[0389] This first threshold can be the minimum duration threshold for NPCA, i.e., the minimum duration of an OBSS TXOP that can trigger an NPCA operation. This first threshold can be set by the AP or predefined by the protocol.

[0390] In this implementation, the end time of OBSS TXOP is later than the end time of the unavailable period of the NPCA main channel. Therefore, after the unavailable period of the NPCA main channel ends, the main channel is still occupied by OBSS, and AP and STA can use the NPCA main channel to communicate. Thus, AP and STA can switch to the NPCA main channel to improve channel utilization efficiency.

[0391] In this embodiment, the AP and STA are only allowed to perform NPCA operations after the NPCA primary channel unavailability period ends. If the NPCA primary channel unavailability period overlaps with the OBSS TXOP, the AP and STA remain on the primary channel during the overlapping period without performing NPCA operations, thus avoiding the overhead of handover and switchback. Simultaneously, the OBSS TXOP may end earlier. If the OBSS TXOP ends earlier than the NPCA primary channel unavailability period, the AP and STA can compete for the primary channel earlier.

[0392] Figure 11A is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11A, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0393] 1101, STA sends the sixth message, and AP receives the sixth message accordingly.

[0394] The sixth message indicates that if the STA is unavailable, it will reside in the DSO subband. The STA's unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device. That is, the STA's unavailability is due to transmission by other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) within the STA. The sixth message indicates that if the STA is unavailable, it will reside in the DSO subband. This can also be interpreted as: the sixth message indicates that the STA is allowed to reside in the DSO subband when it is unavailable; or, the sixth message indicates that the STA will reside in the DSO subband when it is unavailable; or, the sixth message indicates that the STA will switch to the DSO subband when it is unavailable; or, the sixth message indicates that the STA is allowed to switch to the DSO subband when it is unavailable; or, the sixth message indicates that the STA will switch to the DSO subband when it is unavailable.

[0395] For example, situations where the STA is unavailable include: the main channel coexists within the device, but the DSO subband does not. That is, the STA's internal coexistence interferes with the main channel but not the DSO subband. Alternatively, other wireless technologies within the STA may occupy the main channel but not the DSO subband. STA unavailability can also be referred to as the STA's main channel unavailability.

[0396] For example, situations where the STA is unavailable include: the STA performing P2P transmission on the primary channel, causing the primary channel of the STA to be unavailable for communication between the AP and the STA. The situation where the STA is unavailable can also be referred to as the situation where the STA's primary channel is unavailable.

[0397] For example, the sixth information may include one bit indicating that the STA resides in the DSO subband when the STA is unavailable. For instance, the one bit being 1 indicates that the STA resides in the DSO subband when the STA is unavailable. Alternatively, the one bit being 0 indicates that the STA resides in the DSO subband when the STA is unavailable.

[0398] For example, the sixth information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the sixth information is included in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

[0399] The ICF can be a BSRP frame, a MU-BAR frame, or a MU-RTS frame, or it can be a newly defined type of trigger frame.

[0400] ICR or CRF can be a Multi-STA BA frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0401] The TWT element can be contained in any of the following frames: TWT setup frame, association request frame, channel usage request frame, or other frames that may contain a TWT element.

[0402] The A-Control field can be included in any of the QoS data frames, QoS null frames, and management frames.

[0403] In this embodiment, when the STA is unavailable, the STA cannot communicate with the AP on the main channel. Therefore, the STA can be instructed by the sixth information to stay in the DSO subband when the STA is unavailable, thereby enabling the AP and STA to communicate on the DSO subband, improving channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency between the AP and STA.

[0404] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A may further include step 1102.

[0405] 1102, STA sends the seventh message, and AP receives the seventh message accordingly.

[0406] The seventh piece of information is used to indicate the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable. This seventh piece of information can also be called STA unavailability information. The aforementioned sixth piece of information is used to indicate that the STA camps on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable. Alternatively, the sixth piece of information is used to indicate that the STA switches to the DSO subband during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable. Or, the sixth piece of information is used to inform the AP that the STA camps on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable. This DSO subband does not include the primary channel; for example, the DSO subband could be the 80MHz channel following a 160MHz channel, or it could be a subband set by the AP. This sixth piece of information can also be called DSO indication.

[0407] For example, the seventh information indicates the start and end times of the primary channel unavailability period for the STA, or the seventh information indicates the start time and duration of the primary channel unavailability period for the STA. This allows the AP to determine the primary channel unavailability period for the STA. The primary channel unavailability period for the STA refers to the period during which the STA cannot communicate with the AP on the primary channel. It is understood that during the primary channel unavailability period for the STA, the primary channel is unavailable to the STA, but the AP can still use the primary channel to communicate with other STAs.

[0408] For example, the primary channel unavailable period of a STA refers to the period during which the primary channel of the STA is unavailable due to IDC (Internet Data Center). For instance, the primary channel unavailable period of a STA includes the period during which other wireless technologies within the STA (such as Bluetooth) occupy the primary channel. The primary channel unavailable period of a STA can also be referred to as the STA's unavailable period or the STA's IDC period.

[0409] For example, the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable can refer to the period during which the STA is unable to communicate with the AP on the main channel due to P2P transmission on the main channel.

[0410] For example, the primary channel unavailability period of the STA can be periodic. For instance, the primary channel unavailability period of the STA includes periods of primary channel unavailability caused by periodic IDC (Internet Data Center) activity. Or, the STA periodically performs P2P transmissions on the primary channel. In this case, the seventh information can also indicate the period of the STA's primary channel unavailability period.

[0411] For example, the seventh information may also indicate the channel bandwidth unavailable during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, including the primary channel. For instance, this channel bandwidth may include a primary 40MHz channel, a primary 80MHz channel, or a primary 160MHz channel. This channel bandwidth may be the channel bandwidth occupied by other wireless technologies within the STA, or it may be the channel bandwidth occupied by the STA for P2P communication. During the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, the STA cannot communicate with the AP within this channel bandwidth. Therefore, indicating this channel bandwidth in the seventh information enables the AP to know the channels unavailable to the STA, thereby avoiding communication with the STA on these channels.

[0412] For example, during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, after the STA switches to the DSO subband, it does not contend for the channel. The STA waits for the AP to send downlink data, or, based on a trigger frame sent by the AP, the STA sends uplink data to the AP after receiving the trigger frame.

[0413] For example, after receiving the sixth and seventh messages, the AP schedules the STA based on the DSO subband where the STA is camped during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable, thereby communicating with the STA on the DSO subband. For instance, the AP can allocate resource units (RUs) to the STA on the DSO subband.

[0414] In this embodiment, based on the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, the AP does not need to switch channels. The STA can automatically switch to the DSO subband and communicate with the AP according to the DSO rules. In this way, even during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, the AP can still communicate with the STA on the DSO subband, thereby improving channel utilization efficiency and communication efficiency.

[0415] In one possible implementation, the STA can send a sixth message to the AP based on the STA's unavailability (e.g., the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable) to instruct the STA to switch to the DSO subband. After the STA sends the sixth message, the DSO subband switch is triggered, and upon receiving the sixth message, the AP schedules the STA on the DSO subband.

[0416] In another possible implementation, the sixth and seventh pieces of information can be the same information. That is, the information indicates both the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable and the period during which the STA camps on the DSO subband. Alternatively, the information can indirectly indicate that the STA camps on the DSO subband during the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable by indicating the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable. For example, if the information indicates both the unavailable time and the channel bandwidth, and the channel bandwidth includes the STA's primary channel, then the information indicates that the STA camps on the DSO subband during the unavailable time.

[0417] Optionally, the sixth and seventh information are carried in the same frame, for example, in the third frame. Through this third frame, the STA indicates that it will camp on the DSO subband during the period when its main channel is unavailable, while simultaneously transmitting the STA's main channel unavailable period.

[0418] As an example, the third frame includes a TWT element, and the sixth and seventh information are contained within the TWT element.

[0419] For example, the primary channel unavailability period of the STA is periodic, meaning that the TWT element can be used to indicate the periodic primary channel unavailability period of the STA. For instance, the TWT element may include the start time, duration, and period of the primary channel unavailability period of the STA.

[0420] For example, at least one bit in the TWT element can indicate that the TWT element includes unavailable information of the STA (i.e., the seventh information), or at least one bit in the TWT element can indicate that the TWT element indicates unavailable information of the STA's main channel.

[0421] In this example, the sixth piece of information includes one bit, which the STA can use to indicate that it will reside in the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable. For example, setting this bit to 1 indicates that the STA will reside in the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable, or setting this bit to 0 indicates that the STA will reside in the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0422] For example, the sixth information can be included in the TWT Parameter Information field of the TWT element. That is, one bit in the TWT Parameter Information field can be used to indicate that the STA will stay in the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0423] For example, the first frame can be a TWT setup frame, a channel usage request frame, etc.

[0424] As another example, the third frame consists of ICF, ICR, and CRF.

[0425] For example, the sixth and seventh information can be carried through an ICF (Interactive Channel Message). That is, the STA sends an ICF to the AP, carrying the STA's unavailability information (i.e., the seventh information) within the ICF. For instance, the ICF may include the start time and duration of the STA's primary channel unavailability period. If the STA's primary channel unavailability period is periodic, the ICF may also include the period of that period.

[0426] The sixth and seventh information can be carried in the Special User Info, User Info, or Common Info fields of the ICF. This ICF can be a BSRP frame, a multi-user request to send (MU-RTS) frame, or a multi-user block ack request (MU-BAR) frame. Alternatively, the ICF can be a newly defined trigger frame. For example, if the ICF is a BSRP, then the STA can use 1 bit in the BSRP to indicate that the STA is camped on the DSO subband during the period indicated by the BSRP when the STA's primary channel is unavailable. This bit can be carried in the Special User Info, User Info, or Common Info fields of the BSRP.

[0427] For example, taking the sixth and seventh information special user information fields as examples, the frame structure of this ICF can be shown in Figure 12A. This ICF includes one or more of the following fields: Frame Control field (occupying 2 bytes), Duration field (occupying 2 bytes), RA field (occupying 6 bytes), TA field (occupying 6 bytes), Common Info field (occupying 8 or more bytes), User Info List (variable length), Padding field (variable length), and FCS field (occupying 4 bytes). The User Info List includes a Special User Info field and a User Info field. One of the special user information fields (occupying 5 bytes) can be used to carry unavailability information. This special user information field may include AID12 (occupying 12 bits), a reserved field (occupying 9 bits), an unavailable start time (occupying 9 bits), an unavailable duration (occupying 9 bits), and a DSO indication (occupying 1 bit). The unavailable start time and unavailable duration indicate the period during which the STA's main channel is unavailable, and the DSO indication is used to indicate that the STA will camp on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0428] In the Special User Info field, which indicates unavailability information, the order of all fields except AID12 can be changed. The reserved bits in this Special User Info field can be used to indicate other information, such as unavailable bandwidth information or the period of main channel unavailability. The value of AID12 can indicate that this Special User Info field carries unavailability information, or the value of AID12 and the X bits (e.g., X=4) in the reserved field can be used together to indicate that this Special User Info field carries unavailability information.

[0429] It is understood that the positional relationship of each field and the number of bytes or bits occupied shown in Figure 12A are only examples, and this application does not impose any restrictions on the positional relationship of each field or the number of bytes or bits occupied.

[0430] For example, the third frame is either an ICR or a CRF.

[0431] The ICR is used to reply to the ICF sent by the AP, and the CRF is used to reply to the PPDU sent by the AP. The STA can indicate the STA's unavailability information (including the start time and duration of the STA's main channel unavailability period) in the reply ICR / CRF. The ICR / CRF can be a Multi-STA BA frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0432] For example, the ICR / CRF is a Multi-STABA frame, which means that the STA can use 1 bit in the Multi-STA BA frame to indicate that the STA is camped on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable as indicated by the Multi-STA BA frame. This bit can be carried in the Per AID TID Info field of the Multi-STA BA frame.

[0433] The structure of the Multi-STA BA frame can be shown in Figure 12B. The BA Information field of the Multi-STA BA frame can carry one or more Per AID TID Info fields. One of the Per AID TID Info fields can be used to indicate the unavailability information of the STA (such as indicating the period during which the STA's primary channel is unavailable) and DSO indication. A Per AID TID Info field can include an AID TID info field, a Block Ack starting sequence control field, and a Block Ack Bitmap field. The unavailability information and DSO indication can be contained in the Block Ack Bitmap field. For example, the Block Ack Bitmap field includes an unavailable start time field (occupying 9 bits), an unavailable duration field (occupying 9 bits), a DSO indication field (occupying 1 bit), and a reserved field (occupying 13 bits). The Unavailable Start Time and Unavailable Duration fields are used to indicate the period during which the STA's main channel is unavailable (i.e., the seventh information). The DSO indication information indicates that the STA resides in the DSO subband during the period during which the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0434] The order of fields in the Block Ack Bitmap field shown in Figure 12B is merely an example; the embodiments of this application do not limit the positional relationship of the fields in the Block Ack Bitmap field. Reserved bits can be used to indicate other information, such as unavailable bandwidth information or DSO subbands. The Block Ack Bitmap can also use different byte counts, such as 8 bytes. The AID TID Info subfield in the Per AID TID Info field can be used to indicate that the Per AID TID Info carries unavailable information and DSO indication.

[0435] As shown in Figure 12B, the Multi-STA BA frame also includes at least one of the following: a Frame Control field (occupying 2 bytes), a Duration field (occupying 2 bytes), an RA field (occupying 6 bytes), a TA field (occupying 6 bytes), a BA Control field (occupying 2 bytes), and an FCS field (occupying 4 bytes).

[0436] It is understood that the positional relationship of each field and the number of bytes or bits occupied shown in Figure 12B are only examples, and this application does not impose any restrictions on the positional relationship of each field or the number of bytes or bits occupied.

[0437] As another example, the third frame includes the A-Control field, and the sixth and seventh information are contained within the A-Control field.

[0438] For example, the third frame can be any of a QoS Data frame, a QoS Null frame, or a management frame. The STA can indicate the STA's unavailability information and indicate that the STA camps on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable in the A-Control field of the QoS Data frame, QoS Null frame, or management frame sent to the AP.

[0439] In this example, the STA can use one or more bits in the A-Control field to indicate that the STA is camped on the DSO subband during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable, as indicated by the A-Control field.

[0440] In one possible implementation, the AP can configure multiple DSO subbands. For example, a 320MHz AP can configure three 80MHz DSO subbands on a 240MHz channel in addition to the primary 80MHz channel, including a default DSO subband. The STA will switch to the default DSO subband when performing DSO. This default DSO subband can be negotiated between the AP and the STA.

[0441] In another possible implementation, the STA can send an eighth message to the AP, which in turn receives the eighth message to indicate the target DSO subband to which the STA should switch during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0442] This eighth information can be carried in the same frame as the sixth or seventh information. For example, the eighth information can be carried in the third frame mentioned above. That is, the third frame indicates the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable, the target DSO subband, and indicates that the STA should switch to the target DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0443] For example, when the primary channel and the default DSO subband are unavailable, the STA indicates the target DSO subband through this eighth information, enabling the AP and STA to communicate on the target DSO subband. For instance, if the STA's IDC not only causes the primary channel to be unavailable but also the default DSO subband to be unavailable, but other DSO subbands are available, the STA can also indicate to the AP the target DSO subband to be used during the period when the STA's primary channel is unavailable.

[0444] It is understood that step 1102 can be executed before step 1101 or after step 1101, or step 1101 and step 1102 can be executed simultaneously (e.g., the sixth information and the seventh information are carried in the same frame or the sixth information and the seventh information are the same information). This application does not restrict the order of step 1101 and step 1102.

[0445] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1104.

[0446] 1104, STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband based on the start time of the STA's main channel unavailable period.

[0447] As an example, the STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband at the beginning of the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0448] As another example, the STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband at time 5. This time 5 occurs before the start of the STA's main channel unavailability period, and the time interval between time 5 and the start of the main channel unavailability period is related to the handover delay of the STA switching from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0449] For example, the time interval between the fifth moment and the start of the STA's main channel unavailability period is the handover delay of the STA switching from the main channel to the DSO subband, or the time interval between the fifth moment and the start of the STA's main channel unavailability period is greater than the handover delay of the STA switching from the main channel to the DSO subband. This ensures that the STA has completed the handover at the start of the STA's main channel unavailability period.

[0450] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1105.

[0451] 1105, the AP sends the first initial control frame, and the STA receives the first initial control frame accordingly.

[0452] The first initial control frame does not include a padding field. Alternatively, the first initial control frame includes a padding field, and the duration of the padding field is independent of the handover delay of the STA from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0453] Since the STA automatically switches to the DSO subband when the STA becomes unavailable, the AP does not need to reserve DSO handover time for the STA using the padding field in the first initial control frame. When calculating the length of the padding field in the first initial control frame, the AP can disregard the STA's DSO handover delay. That is, the AP does not calculate the length of the padding field based on the STA's DSO handover delay. In this case, the duration of the padding field can be less than the STA's DSO handover delay, or the duration of the padding field can be less than the padding length required for the STA's DSO handover.

[0454] For example, the first initial control frame is used to schedule the STA, and the initial control frame satisfies the STA's DSO triggering condition. For instance, the first initial control frame is used to allocate an RU to the STA on the DSO subband. In this case, the AP does not need to include a padding field in the first initial control frame to reserve DSO handover time for the STA. The first initial control frame may not include a padding field, or the first initial control frame may include a padding field, but the padding field is not used to reserve time for the STA's DSO handover. In this case, the duration of the padding field can be less than the STA's DSO handover delay, making the first initial control frame shorter, thereby allowing the AP to communicate with the STA (and other STAs) earlier.

[0455] For example, the first initial control frame is used to detect whether the STA is available during the TXOP. At the start of the TXOP, the AP uses the first initial control frame to determine whether the STA is available, or in other words, to determine whether the STA has an IDC during the TXOP. The TXOP occupies the DSO subband.

[0456] For example, the first initial control frame is used to schedule other STAs onto the DSO subband. In this case, the AP does not need to consider the DSO handover delay of the STA when adding the padding field to the first initial control frame. Compared to the case where the DSO handover delay of the STA needs to be considered, the ICF can be shorter, thereby allowing the AP to communicate with the STA and other STAs on the DSO subband earlier.

[0457] In this embodiment, the STA autonomously switches to the DSO subband during the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable. Therefore, when the AP sends the first initial control frame, it can disregard the STA's DSO handover delay. For example, the AP does not carry a padding field in the first initial control frame, or the AP does not consider the STA's DSO handover delay in the padding field carried in the first initial control frame. This makes the first initial control frame shorter, thereby enabling the AP to communicate with the STA on the DSO subband earlier.

[0458] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1106.

[0459] 1106, STA switches from DSO subband to main channel based on the end of the STA's main channel unavailable period.

[0460] For example, the STA switches from the DSO subband to the main channel based on the later of the end time of the STA's main channel unavailability period and the end time of the first TXOP; the STA performs data transmission with the AP during the first TXOP, that is, the STA and the AP perform data transmission on the DSO subband using the first TXOP. This first TXOP is initiated by the AP, or in other words, the end time of the first TXOP is indicated by the AP.

[0461] If the first TXOP has not ended by the end of the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable, then data transmission is taking place between the AP and the STA in the DSO subband. The STA can wait until the first TXOP ends before switching back to the main channel to avoid data transmission interruption.

[0462] The start time of a STA's handover from the DSO subband to the main channel can include the following examples:

[0463] As an example, the start time for the STA to switch from the DSO subband to the main channel is the end time of the period when the STA's main channel is unavailable.

[0464] As another example, the start time for the STA to switch from the DSO subband to the main channel is: the end time of the STA's main channel unavailability period minus the STA's DSO handover delay. Here, the STA's DSO handover delay is the time required for the STA to switch back to the main channel from the DSO subband. In this way, the STA can switch back to the main channel at the end of the STA's main channel unavailability period, thus enabling it to communicate with the AP on the main channel earlier.

[0465] As another example, the STA starts switching from the DSO subband to the main channel at the end of the first TXOP. Thus, the STA switches back to the main channel at the end of the first TXOP, avoiding data transmission interruption on the DSO subband.

[0466] During the period when the STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband and then switches back from the DSO subband to the main channel, the STA cannot communicate with the AP. Therefore, the AP does not initiate any transmissions to the STA during this period. The AP can determine the period during which the STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband and then switches back from the DSO subband to the main channel based on the start time of the STA's switch from the main channel to the DSO subband, the start time of the STA's switchback from the DSO subband to the main channel, the STA's DSO handover delay, and the STA's DSO handover delay, thereby avoiding transmitting information to the STA during this period.

[0467] Figure 11B is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11B, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0468] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A may further include step 1102.

[0469] 1102, STA sends the seventh message, and AP receives the seventh message accordingly.

[0470] 1103, AP sends the sixth message, and STA receives the sixth message accordingly.

[0471] The sixth message indicates that if the STA is unavailable, it resides in the DSO subband. The STA's unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device. That is, the STA is unavailable because other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) within the STA are transmitting data, causing the STA to become unavailable.

[0472] For details regarding the seventh and sixth pieces of information, please refer to the relevant descriptions in steps 1101 and 1102 of Figure 11A, which will not be elaborated here.

[0473] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1104.

[0474] 1104, STA switches from the main channel to the DSO subband based on the start time of the STA's main channel unavailable period.

[0475] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1105.

[0476] 1105, the AP sends the first initial control frame, and the STA receives the first initial control frame accordingly.

[0477] The first initial control frame does not include a padding field. Alternatively, the first initial control frame includes a padding field, and the duration of the padding field is independent of the handover delay of the STA from the main channel to the DSO subband.

[0478] Optionally, the method shown in FIG11A further includes step 1106.

[0479] 1106, STA switches from DSO subband to main channel based on the end of the STA's main channel unavailable period.

[0480] It is understood that for specific explanations of steps 1104 to 1106, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the method shown in Figure 11A, which will not be repeated here.

[0481] In this embodiment of the application, when the STA is unavailable, the STA cannot communicate with the AP on the main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to camp on the DSO subband when the STA is unavailable through the sixth information, thereby enabling the AP and the STA to communicate on the DSO subband, improving the channel utilization efficiency and the communication efficiency between the AP and the STA.

[0482] Figure 13A is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13A, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0483] 1301, STA sends the ninth message, and AP receives the ninth message accordingly.

[0484] For example, the ninth message indicates that the STA disables NPCA operation and / or disables DSO when the STA is unavailable, and the STA unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device. That is, the STA is unavailable because other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth) within the STA are transmitting. The ninth message indicating that the STA disables NPCA operation and / or disables DSO when the STA is unavailable can also be understood as indicating that the STA is not allowed to perform NPCA operation and / or DSO when it is unavailable, or that the ninth message instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation and / or disable DSO when the STA is unavailable.

[0485] For example, if the STA is unavailable, the STA sends a ninth message instructing the STA to disable NPCA operation and / or disable DSO.

[0486] STA unavailability includes situations where the DSO subband is unavailable and / or the NPCA main channel is unavailable. For example, STA unavailability includes situations where the DSO subband is unavailable; the ninth message indicates that the STA disables DSO in the event of STA unavailability. STA unavailability can also be referred to as STA's DSO subband being unavailable. As another example, STA unavailability includes situations where the NPCA main channel is unavailable; the ninth message indicates that the STA disables NPCA operation in the event of STA unavailability. STA unavailability can also be referred to as STA's NPCA main channel being unavailable.

[0487] For example, situations where a STA is unavailable include: DSO subband and / or NPCA main channel coexist within the device, but the main channel does not coexist within the device. That is, the STA's intra-device coexistence interferes with the DSO subband and / or NPCA main channel, but does not interfere with the main channel. Alternatively, other wireless technologies within the STA may occupy the DSO subband and / or NPCA main channel, but not the main channel.

[0488] For example, situations where the STA is unavailable include: the STA is performing P2P transmission on the DSO subband and / or NPCA main channel, which makes the STA's DSO subband and / or NPCA main channel unavailable for communication between the AP and the STA.

[0489] As an example, the ninth message includes 2 bits, one bit indicating that the STA disables NPCA operation if the STA is unavailable, and the other bit indicating that the STA disables DSO if the STA is unavailable.

[0490] As another example, the DSO subband includes the NPCA main channel, and the ninth information includes one bit that instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation and disable DSO if the STA is unavailable. For example, the bit being 1 indicates that the STA should disable NPCA operation and disable DSO if the STA is unavailable. Alternatively, the bit being 0 indicates that the STA should disable NPCA operation and disable DSO if the STA is unavailable.

[0491] For example, the aforementioned ninth information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the sixth information is included in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

[0492] The ICF can be a BSRP frame, a MU-BAR frame, or a MU-RTS frame, or it can be a newly defined trigger frame.

[0493] ICR or CRF can be a Multi-STABA frame or a newly defined type of response frame.

[0494] The TWT element can be contained in any of the following frames: TWT setup frame, association request frame, channel use request frame, or other frames that may contain a TWT element.

[0495] The A-Control field can be included in any of the QoS data frames, QoS null frames, and management frames.

[0496] In this embodiment, when the STA is unavailable, the STA cannot communicate with the AP on the DSO subband and / or the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the STA can instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation or DSO when the STA is unavailable through the ninth information, which can avoid the overhead of the STA switching back and forth and give the STA the opportunity to communicate with the AP on the main channel.

[0497] Optionally, the method shown in FIG13A further includes step 1302.

[0498] 1302, STA sends the tenth message, and AP receives the tenth message accordingly.

[0499] This tenth message is used to indicate the period during which the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable. This tenth message can also be called the STA's unavailability message. The aforementioned ninth message is used to instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation or disable DSO during the period when the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable. Alternatively, the ninth message is used to inform the AP that the STA should camp on the primary channel during the period when the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable. This DSO subband does not include the primary channel; for example, the DSO subband could be the 80MHz sub-channel of a 160MHz channel.

[0500] For example, the tenth information indicates the start and end times of the STA's non-primary channel unavailability period, or the tenth information indicates the start time and duration of the STA's non-primary channel unavailability period. This allows the AP to determine the STA's non-primary channel unavailability period. The STA's non-primary channel unavailability period refers to the time during which the STA cannot communicate with the AP on a non-primary channel. It is understood that during the STA's non-primary channel unavailability period, the primary channel is available to the STA, but the STA can still use the primary channel to communicate with the AP.

[0501] For example, the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA may include the STA's NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the STA's DSO subband unavailability period. When the DSO subband includes the NPCA primary channel, the STA's NPCA primary channel unavailability period and the STA's DSO subband unavailability period may be the same.

[0502] The DSO subband unavailable period for a STA refers to the time during which the DSO subband is unavailable due to IDC (Internet Data Center). For example, the DSO subband unavailable period includes the time during which other wireless technologies within the STA (such as Bluetooth) occupy the DSO subband. The ninth message above is used to instruct the STA to disable DSO during the DSO subband unavailable period. After receiving the ninth message, the AP will not schedule the STA to the DSO subband during the DSO subband unavailable period.

[0503] The STA's NPCA main channel unavailable period refers to the time during which the STA's NPCA main channel is unavailable due to IDC (Internet Data Center). For example, the STA's NPCA main channel unavailable period includes the time during which other wireless technologies within the STA (such as Bluetooth) occupy the NPCA main channel. The aforementioned ninth message is used to instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation during the STA's NPCA main channel unavailable period. After receiving the ninth message, the AP will not communicate with the STA on the NPCA main channel during the STA's NPCA main channel unavailable period. During the NPCA main channel unavailable period, even if the STA meets the NPCA triggering conditions (e.g., detecting an OBSS PPDU on the main channel), the STA will not perform NPCA operation.

[0504] For example, the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA can be periodic. For instance, the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA includes periods of periodic IDC-induced DSO subband and / or NPCA primary channel unavailability. In this case, the tenth information can also indicate the periodicity of the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA.

[0505] For example, the tenth information may also indicate the unavailable channel bandwidth during the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA, which includes the NPCA primary channel and / or DSO subband. For instance, this channel bandwidth may include a secondary 40MHz channel, a secondary 80MHz channel, or a secondary 160MHz channel. This channel bandwidth is the channel bandwidth occupied by other wireless technologies within the STA. During the non-primary channel unavailability period of the STA, the STA cannot communicate with the AP within this channel bandwidth. Therefore, the ninth information indicating this channel bandwidth enables the AP to know about the unavailable channels, thereby avoiding communication with the STA on these channels.

[0506] For example, the tenth information is included in the initial control frame (ICF), the initial control response frame (ICR), or the control response frame (CRF), or the tenth information is included in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

[0507] Optionally, in one possible implementation, the ninth and tenth pieces of information can be the same information. That is, the information indicates the period during which the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable, and simultaneously instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation or disable DSO during that period. Alternatively, the information indirectly instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation or disable DSO during the period during which the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable by indicating the period during which the STA's non-primary channel is unavailable. For example, if the information indicates both the unavailable time and the channel bandwidth, and the channel bandwidth includes the STA's NPCA primary channel or DSO subband, then the information instructs the STA to disable NPCA operation or disable DSO during that unavailable time.

[0508] Optionally, the ninth and tenth information messages are carried in the same frame; for example, they are carried in the fourth frame. Through this fourth frame, the STA, while transmitting the STA's non-primary channel unavailable period, instructs that NPCA operation or DSO be disabled during the STA's non-primary channel unavailable period. The fourth frame can be any of the following: initial control frame, initial control response frame, control response frame, TWT setting frame, association request frame, channel usage request frame, QoS data frame, QoS null frame, or management frame.

[0509] It is understood that step 1302 can be executed before step 1301 or after step 1301, or step 1301 and step 1302 can be executed simultaneously (e.g., the ninth information and the tenth information are carried in the same frame or the ninth information and the tenth information are the same information). This application does not restrict the order of steps 1301 and 1302.

[0510] Figure 13B is a flowchart illustrating another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13B, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0511] Optionally, the method shown in FIG13B further includes step 1302.

[0512] 1302, STA sends the tenth message, and AP receives the tenth message accordingly.

[0513] 1303, AP sends the ninth message, and STA receives the ninth message accordingly.

[0514] The ninth message indicates that if the STA is unavailable, the STA should disable NPCA operation and / or disable DSO. The STA's unavailability is caused by coexistence within the device.

[0515] It is understood that for a detailed explanation of the ninth and tenth information, please refer to the relevant description in Figure 13A, which will not be elaborated here.

[0516] In this embodiment, when the STA is unavailable, the STA cannot communicate with the AP on the DSO subband and / or the NPCA main channel. Therefore, the AP can instruct the STA to disable NPCA operation or DSO when the STA is unavailable through the ninth information, which can avoid the overhead of the STA switching back and forth and give the STA the opportunity to communicate with the AP on the main channel.

[0517] The following describes the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0518] This application divides the communication device into functional modules according to the above method embodiments. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated modules can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules. It should be noted that the module division in this application is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation. The communication device of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 14 to 16.

[0519] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 14, the communication device includes a processing module 1401 and a transceiver module 1402. The transceiver module 1402 can implement corresponding communication functions, and the processing module 1401 is used to implement corresponding processing functions. The transceiver module 1402 can also be referred to as an interface, a communication interface, or a communication module, etc.

[0520] In some embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0521] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the first information; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the first information.

[0522] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output second information.

[0523] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the start of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable.

[0524] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the end of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable.

[0525] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output third information.

[0526] For detailed explanations of the first, second, and third information, as well as the time period during which the AP's main channel cannot be used, please refer to the above text; further details will not be provided here.

[0527] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0528] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the first information; the processing module 1401 is used to perform NPCA operations.

[0529] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input second information.

[0530] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input third information.

[0531] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is specifically used to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel at the start of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable.

[0532] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is specifically used to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel at the end of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable.

[0533] For detailed explanations of the first, second, and third information, as well as the time period during which the AP's main channel cannot be used, please refer to the above text; further details will not be provided here.

[0534] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0535] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the fourth information; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the fourth information.

[0536] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output the fifth information.

[0537] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period.

[0538] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel based on the end time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period; and to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the end time of the TXOP of OBSS.

[0539] For detailed explanations of the fourth and fifth information, the NPCA main channel unavailable time period, OBSS TXOP, etc., please refer to the above text, which will not be elaborated here.

[0540] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0541] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the fourth information; the processing module 1401 is used to process the fourth information.

[0542] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input fifth information.

[0543] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the start time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period.

[0544] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is further configured to switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel based on the end time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period; and to switch from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the end time of the TXOP of the OBSS.

[0545] For detailed explanations of the fourth and fifth information, the time period during which the NPCA main channel cannot be used, and the TXOP of OBSS, please refer to the above text, which will not be elaborated here.

[0546] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0547] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the sixth information; the processing module 1401 is used to process the sixth information.

[0548] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output the seventh information.

[0549] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the main channel to the DSO subband based on the start time of the main channel unavailable period of the STA.

[0550] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the DSO subband to the main channel at the end of the main channel unavailable period based on the STA.

[0551] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input a first initial control frame.

[0552] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output the eighth message.

[0553] For detailed explanations of the sixth and seventh information, the time period during which the STA's main channel cannot be used, the first initial control frame, and the eighth information, please refer to the above text, which will not be elaborated here.

[0554] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0555] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the sixth information; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the sixth information.

[0556] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input the seventh information.

[0557] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the first initial control frame.

[0558] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input the eighth information.

[0559] For detailed explanations of the sixth, seventh, first initial control frame, and eighth information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0560] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0561] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the sixth information; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the sixth information.

[0562] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output the seventh information.

[0563] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the main channel to the DSO subband based on the start time of the main channel unavailable period of the STA.

[0564] Optionally, the processing module 1401 is also used to switch from the DSO subband to the main channel at the end of the main channel unavailable period based on the STA.

[0565] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input a first initial control frame.

[0566] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output the eighth message.

[0567] For detailed explanations of the sixth and seventh information, the time period during which the STA's main channel cannot be used, the first initial control frame, and the eighth information, please refer to the above text, which will not be elaborated here.

[0568] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0569] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the sixth information; the processing module 1401 is used to process the sixth information.

[0570] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input the seventh information.

[0571] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the first initial control frame.

[0572] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to receive or input the eighth information.

[0573] For detailed explanations of the sixth, seventh, first initial control frame, and eighth information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0574] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0575] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the ninth message; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the ninth message.

[0576] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output tenth information.

[0577] For details regarding the ninth and tenth pieces of information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0578] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0579] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the ninth information; the processing module 1401 is used to process the ninth information.

[0580] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the tenth information.

[0581] For details regarding the ninth and tenth pieces of information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0582] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the STA in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the STA itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the STA. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the transceiver-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the STA in the above method embodiments.

[0583] The transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the ninth information; the processing module 1401 is used to process the ninth information.

[0584] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is also used to send or output tenth information.

[0585] For details regarding the ninth and tenth pieces of information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0586] Reusing Figure 14, in some other embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to perform the actions performed by the AP in the above method embodiments. In this case, the communication device can be the AP itself or a chip or functional module configurable in the AP. The transceiver module 1402 is used to perform the AP's transceiver-related operations in the above method embodiments, and the processing module 1401 is used to perform the AP's processing-related operations in the above method embodiments.

[0587] The processing module 1401 is used to generate the ninth message; the transceiver module 1402 is used to send or output the ninth message.

[0588] Optionally, the transceiver module 1402 is used to receive or input the tenth information.

[0589] For details regarding the ninth and tenth pieces of information, please refer to the above text; they will not be elaborated upon here.

[0590] Optionally, in the above embodiments, the communication device may further include a storage module, which can be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing module 1401 can read the instructions and / or data from the storage module to enable the communication device to implement the aforementioned method embodiments. For example, the storage module may store subcarrier planning, etc., as shown above.

[0591] For details regarding the specific explanations of each term, noun, or step in the above embodiments, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments; they will not be detailed here.

[0592] The specific descriptions of the transceiver module and processing module shown in the above embodiments are merely examples. For the specific functions or execution steps of the transceiver module and processing module, please refer to the above method embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0593] The communication device of this application embodiment has been described above. The following describes possible product forms of the communication device. Any product possessing the functions of the communication device described in FIG. 6 above falls within the protection scope of this application embodiment. The following description is merely illustrative and does not limit the product form of the communication device of this application embodiment to this.

[0594] In one possible implementation, in the communication device shown in FIG14, the processing module 1401 may be one or more processors, and the transceiver module 1402 may be a transceiver, or the transceiver module 1402 may also be a transmitting module and a receiving module. The transmitting module may be a transmitter, and the receiving module may be a receiver. The transmitting module and the receiving module are integrated into one device, such as a transceiver. In the embodiments of this application, the processor and the transceiver may be coupled, etc., and the connection method of the processor and the transceiver is not limited in the embodiments of this application. In the process of executing the above method, the process of sending information in the above method may be the process of the processor outputting the above information. When outputting the above information, the processor outputs the above information to the transceiver so that the transceiver can transmit it. After the above information is output by the processor, it may need to undergo other processing before reaching the transceiver. Similarly, the process of receiving information in the above method may be the process of the processor receiving the input above information. When the processor receives the input information, the transceiver receives the above information and inputs it into the processor. Furthermore, after the transceiver receives the aforementioned information, the information may need to undergo further processing before being input into the processor.

[0595] As shown in Figure 15, the communication device 150 includes one or more processors 1520 and transceivers 1510.

[0596] In some embodiments of this application, the communication device can be used to execute the steps, methods, or functions performed by the AP described above. For example, the processor 1520 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the processing module 1401 shown in FIG. 14, and the transceiver 1510 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the transceiver module 1402 shown in FIG. 14. Detailed descriptions of the processor 1520 and transceiver 1510 can be found in FIG. 14 or the method embodiments shown above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0597] In other embodiments of this application, the communication device is used to execute the steps, methods, or functions performed by the STA described above. For example, the processor 1520 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the processing module 1401 shown in FIG. 14, and the transceiver 1510 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the transceiver module 1402 shown in FIG. 14. Detailed descriptions of the processor 1520 and the transceiver 1510 can be found in FIG. 14 or the method embodiments shown above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0598] In various implementations of the communication device shown in Figure 15, the transceiver may include a receiver for performing a receiving function (or operation) and a transmitter for performing a transmitting function (or operation). The transceiver is also used to communicate with other devices / appliances via a transmission medium.

[0599] Optionally, the communication device 150 may further include one or more memories 1530 for storing program instructions and / or data. The memory 1530 is coupled to the processor 1520. The coupling in this embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between communication devices, units, or modules, and can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, used for information exchange between the communication devices, units, or modules. The processor 1520 may operate in conjunction with the memory 1530. The processor 1520 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 1530. Optionally, at least one of the above-mentioned memories may be included in the processor.

[0600] This embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the transceiver 1510, processor 1520, and memory 1530. In Figure 15, the memory 1530, processor 1520, and transceiver 1510 are connected via a bus 1540, indicated by a thick line. The connection methods between other components are merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting. The bus can be categorized as an address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used in Figure 15, but this does not imply that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0601] In the embodiments of this application, the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc., and can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0602] In this application embodiment, the memory may include, but is not limited to, non-volatile memory such as hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), read-only memory (ROM), or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), etc. Memory is any storage medium capable of carrying or storing program code having instruction or data structure forms, and capable of being read and / or written by a computer (such as the communication device shown in this application), but is not limited to this. The memory in this application embodiment may also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing storage functions, used to store program instructions and / or data.

[0603] The processor 1520 is primarily used for processing communication protocols and data, controlling the entire communication device, executing software programs, and processing software program data. The memory 1530 is primarily used for storing software programs and data. The transceiver 1510 may include control circuitry and an antenna. The control circuitry is primarily used for converting baseband signals to radio frequency signals and processing radio frequency signals. The antenna is primarily used for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as touchscreens, displays, and keyboards, are primarily used for receiving user input data and outputting data to the user.

[0604] When the communication device is powered on, the processor 1520 can read the software program in the memory 1530, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor 1520 performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal and transmits the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the communication device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna, converts the RF signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 1520. The processor 1520 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0605] In another implementation, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be set up independently of the processor performing baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be arranged remotely, independent of the communication device.

[0606] The communication device shown in this application embodiment may also have more components than those in Figure 15, and this application embodiment does not limit this. The methods executed by the processor and transceiver shown above are only examples, and the specific steps executed by the processor and transceiver can be referred to the methods described above.

[0607] In another possible implementation, in the communication device shown in FIG14, the processing module 1401 can be one or more logic circuits, and the transceiver module 1402 can be an input / output interface, or a communication interface, or an interface circuit, or an interface, etc. Alternatively, the transceiver module 1402 can also be a transmitting module and a receiving module. The transmitting module can be an output interface, and the receiving module can be an input interface. The transmitting module and the receiving module are integrated into one module, such as an input / output interface. As shown in FIG16, the communication device shown in FIG16 includes a logic circuit 1601 and an interface 1602. That is, the above-mentioned processing module 1401 can be implemented using the logic circuit 1601, and the transceiver module 1402 can be implemented using the interface 1602. Among them, the logic circuit 1601 can be a chip, a processing circuit, an integrated circuit, or a system on chip (SoC) chip, etc., and the interface 1602 can be a communication interface, an input / output interface, pins, etc. For example, FIG16 illustrates the above-mentioned communication device as a chip, which includes a logic circuit 1601 and an interface 1602.

[0608] In this embodiment, the logic circuit and the interface can also be coupled to each other. The specific connection method of the logic circuit and the interface is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the logic circuit 1601 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the processing module 1401 shown in FIG. 14, and the interface 1602 can be used to execute the functions or steps implemented by the transceiver module 1402 shown in FIG. 14. For a detailed description of the logic circuit 1601 and the interface 1602, please refer to FIG. 14 or the method embodiment shown above, which will not be detailed here.

[0609] The communication device shown in the embodiments of this application can implement the method provided in the embodiments of this application in hardware form, or it can implement the method provided in the embodiments of this application in software form, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit it in this way.

[0610] Furthermore, embodiments of this application also provide a communication system, which includes an AP and a STA, and the AP and the STA can be used to perform the methods in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0611] This application also provides a computer program for implementing the operations and / or processes performed by the AP or STA in the method provided in this application.

[0612] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer code that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the operations and / or processes performed by the AP or STA in the method provided in this application.

[0613] This application also provides a computer program product comprising computer code or a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the operations and / or processes performed by the AP or STA in the method provided in this application to be executed.

[0614] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, communication devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the communication device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, communication devices, or modules, or it may be an electrical, mechanical, or other form of connection.

[0615] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the technical effects of the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0616] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0617] If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0618] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: Applied to an access point (AP), the method includes: Send a first message, which instructs a non-AP STA to perform a non-primary channel access NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable. The non-AP STA is associated with the AP, and the AP is unavailable due to coexistence within the device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The conditions under which the AP is unavailable include: intra-device coexistence occurring on the main channel, and no intra-device coexistence occurring on the NPCA main channel.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or Control Response Frame (CRF), or the first information is contained in the Target Wake-Up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Sending a second message, the second message indicating a period of time when the AP's main channel is unavailable; the first message instructing a non-AP STA to perform a non-main channel access NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, including: the first message instructing the non-AP STA to perform an NPCA operation during the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further includes: At the beginning of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable or at a first moment, the AP switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel. The first moment is before the beginning of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable. The time interval between the first moment and the beginning of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable is related to the NPCA switching delay of the AP. Alternatively, the time interval between the first moment and the beginning of the period when the main channel of the AP is unavailable is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the later of the end time of the main channel unavailability period and the end time of the transmission opportunity TXOP across the basic service set OBSS; the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The second information is contained in the ICF, ICR, or CRF, or the second information is contained in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

8. A communication method characterized by comprising: Applied to non-AP STA sites, the method includes: Upon receiving first information, the first information indicates that if the AP is unavailable, the non-AP STA shall perform a non-primary channel access (NPCA) operation. The non-AP STA is associated with the AP, and the AP is unavailable due to coexistence within the device.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The conditions under which the AP is unavailable include: intra-device coexistence occurring on the main channel, and no intra-device coexistence occurring on the NPCA main channel.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The first information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or Control Response Frame (CRF), or the first information is contained in the Target Wake-Up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receiving second information, the second information indicating a period of time when the AP's main channel is unavailable; the first information indicating that the non-AP STA performs a non-main channel access NPCA operation when the AP is unavailable, including: the first information instructing the non-AP STA to perform an NPCA operation during the period of time when the AP's main channel is unavailable.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The method further includes: At the beginning or a second time of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable, the user switches from the main channel to the NPCA main channel; the second time is before the beginning of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable, and the time interval between the second time and the beginning of the period when the AP's main channel is unavailable is related to at least one of the following: the NPCA handover delay of the non-AP STA, the NPCA handover delay of the AP, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: The AP switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel based on the later of the end time of the main channel unavailability period and the end time of the transmission opportunity TXOP across the basic service set OBSS; the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the conditions for the AP to perform NPCA operation.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that, The second information is contained in the ICF, ICR, or CRF, or the second information is contained in the TWT element or the A-Control field.

15. A method of communication, comprising: The method is applied to an access point (AP), and the method includes: A fourth message is sent, indicating that in the event that the AP is unavailable, non-AP STAs (non-AP STAs) are to disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations. The non-AP STAs are associated with the AP, and the unavailability of the AP is caused by coexistence within the device.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The conditions under which the AP is unavailable include: intra-device coexistence occurring on the NPCA main channel, and no intra-device coexistence occurring on the main channel.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The fourth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fourth information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized by, The method further includes: Send a fifth message, the fifth message indicating the period during which the NPCA primary channel of the AP is unavailable; the fourth message indicating that non-AP STAs disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations when the AP is unavailable includes: the fourth message indicating that the non-AP STAs disable NPCA operations during the period during which the NPCA primary channel of the AP is unavailable.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The method further includes: At the beginning or the third moment of the period when the NPA main channel is unavailable, the AP switches from the NPA main channel to the main channel. The third moment is before the beginning of the period when the NPA main channel is unavailable. The time interval between the third moment and the beginning of the period when the NPA main channel is unavailable is related to the NPA switchback delay of the AP. Alternatively, the time interval between the third moment and the beginning of the period when the NPA main channel is unavailable is related to the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein, The end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period is located within the TXOP of the cross-basic service set OBSS, and the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the condition for the AP to perform NPCA operation. The method further includes: Based on the end time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel; Based on the end time of the TXOP of the OBSS, the system switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

21. A method of communication, comprising: The method is applied to non-AP STA sites, and the method includes: Receive a fourth message, which indicates that if the AP is unavailable, non-AP STAs should disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations. The non-AP STAs are associated with the AP, and the AP is unavailable due to coexistence within the device.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The conditions under which the AP is unavailable include: intra-device coexistence occurring on the NPCA main channel, and no intra-device coexistence occurring on the main channel.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The fourth information is contained in the Initial Control Frame (ICF), Initial Control Response Frame (ICR), or Control Response Frame (CRF), or the fourth information is contained in the Target Wake-up Time (TWT) element or the Aggregate Control (A-Control) field.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21-23, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a fifth message, the fifth message indicating a period of time during which the NPCA primary channel of the AP is unavailable; the fourth message indicating that non-AP STAs disable non-primary channel access to NPCA operations when the AP is unavailable includes: the fourth message indicating that the non-AP STAs disable NPCA operations during the period of time during which the NPCA primary channel of the AP is unavailable.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The method further includes: At the beginning or fourth time of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable, the user switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel. The fourth time is before the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable. The time interval between the fourth time and the beginning of the period when the NPCA main channel is unavailable is related to at least one of the following: the NPCA handover delay of the non-AP STA, the NPCA handover delay of the AP, and the duration required for one data transmission by the AP.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that, The end time of the NPCA primary channel unavailability period is located within the TXOP of the cross-basic service set OBSS, and the TXOP of the OBSS satisfies the condition for the AP to perform NPCA operation. The method further includes: Based on the end time of the NPCA main channel unavailable period, switch from the main channel to the NPCA main channel; Based on the end time of the TXOP of the OBSS, the system switches from the NPCA main channel to the main channel.

27. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, said at least one processor being configured to cause the communication device to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-26.

28. A chip, characterized in that, It includes logic circuitry and an interface, the logic circuitry and the interface being coupled, the logic circuitry being configured to enable the chip to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-26.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by a computer, performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-26.

30. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is executed by a computer, the method described in any one of claims 1-26 is performed.

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