Container sanitary system

Abstract

A portable container sanitary system designed for both heat management and water reuse. The core components for energy management involve a hot water tank and a wastewater tank, both configured for heat collection, with at least one heat exchanger actively collecting heat from one or both tanks, optionally utilizing a heat collection mode such as water channels, gas channels, or solar selective coatings, with the goal of reusing the collected heat. Additionally, the system supports water reuse by collecting grey water from a source, storing it in the wastewater tank, and then supplying that stored grey water to a sanitary fixture for subsequent use.

Description

[0001] CONTAINER SANITARY SYSTEM

[0002] RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 736,448 filed December 19, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0004] FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The current invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a container sanitary system, particularly, but not exclusively, to a self-contained sanitary system in a transportable container unit.

[0006] Current mobile water heating and sanitary solutions heavily depend on external power and conventional fresh water supply, limiting their usability in remote environments. Traditional systems often struggle with water efficiency and environmental resilience.

[0007] International Patent Publication No. 2015 / 150843 appears to relate to “a mobile house utilising renewable energy, characterised by comprising: - a shell structure (20) comprising a mountable and dismountable supporting structure (12) and panels (14) and roof (16) mounted thereon with releasable connections, - ground screws (22) affixing the shell structure (20) to the ground, and - electric energy supply system (30), potable water supply system (50) waste water treatment system (80), ventilation and heating system (90) utilising renewable energy and carried by the shell structure (20).”

[0008] Additional relate art includes Chinese Patent Application No. 120058144A, Japanese Patent Application No. 2001321286A, Chinese Patent No. 223138442U, Chinese Patent Application No. 111908636A, Toyosi K. Oye et al. A Smart and Sustainable Concept for Achieving a Highly Efficient Residential Bathroom: A Literature Review. Volume 5, Issue 3, March - 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology; and Styles D. , Schonberger H. , Galvez Martos J. L. , Best Environmental Management Practice in the Tourism Sector, EUR 26022 EN, doi: 10.2788 / 33972. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

[0010] In the Figures:

[0011] FIGs. 1A-C: Schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0012] FIG 2: Schematic diagram illustrating a combined tank and heat exchanger, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0013] FIG 3: Schematic diagram illustrating a side view of a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0014] FIG 4: Schematic diagram illustrating adaptive (active) heat recovery and solar heating in a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0015] FIG 5: Schematic diagram illustrating heat transfer between solar tank and recovery tank in a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0016] FIG 6: Schematic diagram illustrating off-grid hot water usage in a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0017] FIG 7: Schematic diagram illustrating passive heat recovery and solar heating in a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 8: Block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat reuse, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0019] FIG. 9: Flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 10: Block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 11 : Flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 12: Block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat and water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 13: Flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat and water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments.

[0023] FIG. 14: Simulation results for typical Berlin house in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

[0024] FIG. 15: Simulation results for typical Berlin house in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

[0025] FIG. 16: Simulation results for a portable sanitary system in Berlin in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

[0026] FIG. 17: Simulation results in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention.

[0027] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0028] A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0029] In one general aspect, transportable sanitary system may include a hot water tank configured for heat collection and storage. Transportable sanitary system may also include a grey water tank configured for heat collection. System may furthermore include at least one heat exchanger configured to collect heat from said grey water tank and transfer the collected heat to the hot water tank. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0030] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. System where the grey water tank is configured for the collection of grey water from a first sanitary fixture. System where said first sanitary fixture is included in said transportable sanitary system. System where said first sanitary fixture is a shower, sink, or washing machine. System where said grey water is configured for use in a second sanitary fixture. System where said second sanitary fixture is included in said transportable sanitary system. System where said second sanitary fixture is a toilet or urinal. System where the grey water is filtered or treated prior to use. The method may include reusing the grey water as a water source for at least one sanitary fixture of transportable sanitary system. System where the heat exchanger employs at least one mode of heat collection selected from water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors. System may include a heat exchanger configured to collect heat from circulating water. System may include a heat pump connected to said heat exchanger for performing said transfer. System where the heat transfer is boosted by a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium. System where the designated mechanism reuses parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts. System where said transportable sanitary system includes a solar thermal panel. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured for off-grid use, on grid use, and remote sanitation needs. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured to fit on a mobile platform. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured to connect to at least one additional transportable sanitary system. System where the system in multi-modal configured for off-grid use, on grid use, and remote sanitation needs. System may include a water circulation pump. System where the water circulation pump is powered by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured to fit on a mobile platform. System where the transportable sanitary system is configured to connect to at least one additional heat. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or a computer tangible medium. In one general aspect, the method may include collecting heat from grey water produced by a first sanitary fixture of the heat in a grey water tank. The method may also include reusing the heat in a second sanitary fixture in the heat. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0031] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The method may include collecting grey water in the grey water tank. The method where said collecting is via a heat pump. The method may include reusing the collected heat for heating water for use in at least one sanitary fixture. The method may include using the transportable sanitary system off-grid, on grid use, and for remote sanitation needs. The method where the heat is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy. The method may include transporting the transportable sanitary system on a mobile platform. The method may include connecting the heat to at least one additional heat. The method may include circulating the grey water using a water circulation pump. The method where powering the water circulation pump by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel. The method where the collecting heat from grey water is from a shower, sink, toilet, urinal, or washing machine. The method may include filtering or treating the grey water prior to use. The method may include circulating the grey water using a water circulation pump. The method where powering the water circulation pump by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel. The method may include using the transportable sanitary system off-grid, on grid use, and for remote sanitation needs. The method where the heat is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy. The method may include connecting the heat to at least one additional heat. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or a computer tangible medium.

[0032] In one general aspect, the method may include collecting grey water from a grey water source located within the transportable sanitary system. The method may also include storing the collected grey water in a grey water tank. The method may furthermore include supplying the grey water from the grey water tank to a sanitary fixture located within the transportable sanitary system for use therein. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods. Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The method may include transporting the transportable sanitary system on a mobile platform. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or a computer tangible medium.

[0033] DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The current invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a container sanitary system, particularly, but not exclusively, to a self-contained sanitary system in a transportable container unit.

[0035] OVERVIEW

[0036] An aspect of some embodiments of the current invention relates to a container sanitary system and method. Some embodiments relate to a self-contained sanitary system in a transportable container unit. The self-contained sanitary system may be configured to fit on a mobile platform, e.g., a truck container, ship, airplane, train, etc. Optionally, the system may integrate solar thermal, photovoltaic (PV) technologies, waste heat recovery, water saving mechanisms, and grey water reuse to serve sanitary functions (e.g., bathing, bathroom, clothes washing, etc.) in areas not served by external water and / or power supplies. Optionally, the grey water may be filtered and / or treated. Optionally, the system may include grey water filtration and reuse for long-term autonomy. The system, and / or components thereof, may be modular. Optionally, the system may facilitate a modular, and / or efficient, and / or versatile solution for on- grid, off-grid, and remote sanitation needs. Optionally, the system may combine solar and heat recovery technologies with innovative water and energy management. The system may be configured for autonomy, energy efficiency, and maintainability, making it suitable for challenging environments, both civilian and military.

[0037] Advantageously, according to some embodiments, the system may facilitate sanitary solutions in remote locations, refugee camps, festivals, war zones, etc. Further advantageously, the system may not be dependent on external power and / or conventional fresh water supply. Furthermore, the system may not struggle with water efficiency and / or environmental resilience. Moreover, the system may provide reliable modular components in a modular container unit, thereby facilitating flexibility and autonomy for both military and civilian applications while delivering uncompromising performance when connected and / or disconnected from the grid. Optionally, the system may integrate solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) technologies, waste heat recovery, and water-saving mechanisms.

[0038] According to some embodiments, the system may be a self-contained sanitary system in a mobile container unit. The system may be designed for efficient energy and water usage in remote and / or off-grid settings, with extra performance while connected to the grid.

[0039] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be transportable. For the sake of the current disclosure, the term "portable" refers to sanitation and hygiene systems that are designed to be easily moved from one location to another. These systems may include features that facilitate transportation, such as wheels, handles, or compact design. In some embodiments, portability may imply that the system can be transported by a single person or a small team with or without the need for heavy machinery. A system may be designed to pack in a shipping container and / or be carried on one or more palettes.

[0040] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be transportable. For the sake of the current disclosure, the term "transportable" is used to describe systems that can be relocated using vehicles such as trucks, trailers, or other conveyances. Transportability may involve disassembling the system into smaller components or modules for ease of movement. In certain embodiments, transportable systems may be designed to fit within standard shipping containers, such as full (e.g., 40 foot) or half (e.g., 20 foot) containers, one or more crates and / or one or more palettes to facilitate transportation by planes, trains, or ships.

[0041] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be self-contained or partially self-contained. For the sake of the current disclosure, the term "self-contained" system refers to a sanitation and hygiene unit that operates independently of external utilities. Such systems may include their own water and waste storage, water recycling, power supply, and other necessary components to function autonomously. In some embodiments, self-contained systems may be equipped with solar panels, battery packs, or generators to provide power. In some embodiments, the system may be partially self-contained. A partially self-contained system may need some utilities (e.g., water, power, waste storage) but not all. Alternatively or additionally, a self-contained system may be designed for temporary deployment and / or refueling and / or periodic resupplying and / or periodic waste removal. In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be self-contained or partially “field deployable”. For the sake of the current disclosure, the term "field deployable" is used to describe systems that can be quickly and efficiently set up in remote or temporary locations. These systems may require minimal assembly and may be operational within a short period after arrival. Field deployable systems are often designed for use in environments such as military bases, disaster relief zones, or outdoor events.

[0042] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be modular and / or include modular components. For the purposes of this disclosure, "modular" refers to systems that are composed of interchangeable components or modules. Modular systems may be configured in various ways to meet specific needs, such as combining toilet, shower, and sink units. In some embodiments, modules may be added or removed to adjust the system's functionality or capacity. For example, external tanks and / or transportable tanks and / or recycling components and / or generators may be added where power, water and / or sewage are not available.

[0043] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be ready for use. For the sake of the current disclosure, a "ready to use" system is one that requires minimal setup or preparation before it becomes operational. These systems may be pre-assembled or designed to be quickly assembled on-site. In certain embodiments, ready to use systems may include pre-filled water tanks or pre-charged power supplies to expedite deployment.

[0044] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be ready to deploy. For the sake of the current disclosure, the term "ready to deploy" is used to describe systems that are packaged and prepared for immediate transportation and setup. Such systems may be stored in a state that allows for rapid deployment, often within a matter of hours. In some embodiments, ready to deploy systems may include pre-connected utilities or quick-connect fittings for water and waste management.

[0045] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system and / or components thereof may be packed for transport. For the sake of the current disclosure, "Packed for transport" refers to systems that are organized and secured for safe and efficient transportation. This may involve packing the system into crates, pallets, containers, trailers, and / or other transport vehicles. In some embodiments, systems may be designed to fit within specific dimensions or weight limits to comply with shipping regulations and / or certain vehicles. In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be configured to connect to utilities. For the sake of the current disclosure, "utilities" refers to external resources such as water, electricity, and waste disposal services. "Connectability" describes the system's ability to interface with these utilities. For example, a system may include fittings for connecting to a water supply truck or a waste collection truck. In some embodiments, systems may be designed to operate with or without external utilities, depending on availability.

[0046] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be configured for rapid deployment. For the sake of the current disclosure, "Deployment time" refers to the duration required to set up and make the system operational at a new location. This may vary depending on the system's complexity and the availability of resources. In some embodiments, deployment time may range from 10 minutes to 2 hours and / or from 2 hours to 8 to eight hours and / or from 8 hours to 3 days.

[0047] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be configured for easy storage. For the sake of the current disclosure, "Storage requirements" pertain to the conditions and facilities necessary for storing the system when not in use. This may include considerations for space, climate control, and security. In certain embodiments, systems may be designed to be stored in standard shipping containers or other protective enclosures.

[0048] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be configured for transport in a certain vehicle and / or class of vehicles. For the sake of the current disclosure, "Transport vehicles" are the means by which the system is moved from one location to another. This may include trucks, trailers, planes, trains, or ships. In some embodiments, systems may be designed to be compatible with multiple types of transport vehicles to increase flexibility.

[0049] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be deployable with various resources of staff and / or tools. For the sake of the current disclosure, "Staff and tools for deployment" refers to the personnel and equipment required to set up and operate the system. This may include trained technicians, basic hand tools, or specialized equipment. In some embodiments, systems may be designed to be deployed by a minimal number of personnel with standard tools.

[0050] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may be configured for various lengths of service (e.g., from 1 day to 1 week and / or from one week to 1 month and / or from one month to one year or longer). For the sake of the current disclosure, "Length of service" describes the duration for which the system can operate before requiring maintenance or resupply. This may depend on factors such as water and waste storage capacity, power supply, and usage frequency. In certain embodiments, systems may be designed for continuous operation over several days or weeks.

[0051] In some embodiments of the current invention a sanitary system may configured to comply to certain limits of size and / or weight. For the sake of the current disclosure, "size, weight, and volume parameters" refer to the physical dimensions and capacities of the system. These may include maximum weight when packed for shipping, water and waste storage volumes, and overall dimensions. In some embodiments, systems may be designed to fit within specific size and weight limits to facilitate transportation and deployment.

[0052] A system in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention may be configured for transport in a standard twenty-foot (20-ft) or forty-foot (40-ft) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) shipping container. Packing may facilitate intermodal transport via marine vessel, railcar, and / or commercial truck. The system's complete form factor is optionally dimensionally compliant with the ISO Series 1 standard for dry cargo units, including standard external dimensions of approximately 6.6 meters x 2.44 meters x 2.59 meters (20' x 8' x 8.5') and 12.19 meters x 2.44 meters x 2.59 meters (40' x 8' x 8.5'). In certain high- density applications, the system may be configured for deployment within a twenty-foot halfheight container (approximately 6.6 meters), which is structurally adapted to carry heavier bulk cargo while maintaining compliance with standard ISO corner castings for stacking and lifting.

[0053] In some embodiments, the weight of the containerized system, including all cargo and internal apparatus, may be configured to respect the structural limits and / or weight limits of the ISO container. For example, a container may be packed with less than 30,480 kilograms (67,200 lbs.) maximum gross weight. This weight capacity is generally supported during marine and rail transport segments, where vehicle axle loading constraints are less restrictive. However, the system's payload capacity may be dynamic to account for the limiting constraints imposed by road infrastructure.

[0054] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the operational weight of the system, including payload, may be further adapted to comply with the restrictive maximum gross vehicle weight (GVW) limits mandated by local road laws. For example, when configured for over-the-road transport within the United States, the system's total weight is limited by the 36,287 kilograms (80,000 lbs.) federal limit for a tractor-trailer combination. To maintain regulatory compliance on public roads, the system's maximum cargo weight (payload) may be under 19,000 kilograms for a 40-foot container shipment, thereby accounting for the tare weight of the container, chassis, and truck.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment for rapid global deployment, the system may comprise modular components configured for assembly and disassembly into smaller sub-units. These subunits are compatible with air freight logistics, for example as Unit Load Devices (ULDs), such as an LD3 contour container. This configuration enables air conveyance, with individual module weights not exceeding the typical LD3 gross weight limit of approximately 1,588 kilograms (3,500 lbs.), thus accommodating shipments where marine and terrestrial logistics are insufficient.

[0056] According to some embodiments, the system may be housed within a standard container and / or custom container, e.g., 20-foot unit, 40-foot unit, etc. Optionally, the container may be configured to be transportable, e.g., by truck, train, ship, airplane, etc. Optionally, the container may facilitate mobility and / or protection. Optionally, the container may be fitted with access panels and / or reinforced openings for ventilation, and / or water connections, and / or power connections. Optionally, one or more sanitation units may be connected to the available water connections, and / or power connections. Optionally, the type, and / or size, and / or order, and / or number and / or location of the sanitation units within the container may be varied, and / or adjusted and / or selected in accordance with the requirements of the users. Optionally, modular sanitation units may be added to and / or removed from the container as needed. Optionally, the modular sanitation units may include showers, toilets, sinks, urinals, washing machines, baths, etc. Optionally, the container may be a self-contained unit. The container may be configured to connect to one or more additional containers, e.g., the transportable sanitation system may be expandable. Optionally, each container may be a self-contained unit. Optionally, multiple containers may be configured to share resources. Optionally, various containers may be specialized for a particular use, e.g., toilets, showers, clothes washing, etc. Optionally, the sanitation units may be connected to the container on-site. Optionally, the container may be assembled and / or disassembled on-site. Optionally, the container may be pre-assembled with the required sanitation units off-site. Optionally, the pre-assembled container may be transportable. According to some embodiments, the container may be subdivided into various sections for specialized uses, e.g., toilets, showers, clothes washing, etc. Optionally, prefabricated partitions and / or dividers may be installed in the container in accordance with the users’ needs and / or the selected use for the area and / or container. Optionally, prefabricated sanitary units may be installed in the container in accordance with the users’ needs and / or the selected use for the area and / or container, e.g., shower cubicles, toilets, sinks, urinals, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the container may include multiple water fixtures. Optionally, various sanitary fixtures may be connected to the various water fixtures, e.g., shower outlet, taps, toilet cisterns, etc. Optionally, the container may include one or more waste systems, e.g., for grey water, sewage, etc. Optionally, various sanitary fixtures may be connected to the various waste systems, e.g., showers, drains, toilets, washing machines, sewage, etc. Optionally, the container may include multiple electrical outlets, e.g., lighting, water heating, ventilation, connection of various electric devices, etc.

[0057] According to some embodiments, the system may include one or more storage tanks. The tank may be configured for the storage of cold water, and / or hot water, and / or wastewater, and / or sewage. Optionally, the tanka may be insulated. Optionally, the tank may include a heating element. Optionally, the tank may include a limescale prevention mechanism, e.g., catalytic rods. Optionally, the tank may include an agitation means, e.g., to prevent colonization by various insects, etc. Optionally, hot water and wastewater tanks may include induced mixing technologies like mechanical stirring, ultrasonic agitation, vibrational methods, air bubble induction, or electromagnetic mixing (e.g., magnetohydrodynamics). Optionally, the tank may include a heat exchanger. Optionally, the tank may include one or more filters, e.g., for incoming and / or outgoing water. Optionally, the filter may be mechanical (e.g., various sizes of mesh, etc.) and / or chemical (e.g., filtration column, water purifying compounds, etc. Optionally, chemical water purifying compounds in appropriate amounts may include chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, aluminum sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof.

[0058] According to some embodiments, a water tank may be installed along one of the container walls to create a natural temperature gradient. Optionally, the natural temperature gradient may facilitate a gradual temperature distribution. Optionally, the natural temperature gradient may provide an efficient way to achieve desired water temperatures without the need for complex mixing systems. Optionally, the natural gradient may help maintain comfortable shower temperatures while optimizing energy use.

[0059] According to some embodiments, the container may include a cold-water storage tank. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may be internal to the container (e.g., attached to the container and / or a wall, floor, or roof thereof). Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may be external to the container, e.g., water tower, water truck, rain collection reservoir, lake, river, etc. Optionally, the cold storage water tank may facilitate complete autonomy in off-grid environments. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may support consistent operation even when external water supplies are not available. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may ensure complete autonomy when external water supply connections are unavailable. Optionally, the cold water in the storage tank may be at ambient temperature. Optionally, the system may include a source of cold water only. Optionally, the system may include a source of cold water and / or hot water. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may provide cold water, allowing for the regulation of water temperature at shower outlets. Optionally, water may be pumped from the cold-water storage tank to the required water outlet. Optionally, pumps, similar to those used in recreational vehicles (RVs), may be employed to facilitate adequate water flow and / or create the necessary water pressure.

[0060] According to some embodiments, the system may include a cold-water storage tank and a hot water storage tank. Optionally, this configuration may facilitate the regulation of water temperature, e.g., at the shower outlets, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the use of additional pressure pumps, similar to those in RVs, may ensure adequate water flow and user comfort.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the container may include a hot water storage tank. The hot water storage tank may be an insulated tank, e.g., with glass insulation, fiberglass, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, polyisocyanurate foam, mineral wool, reflective insulation, cladding, or a combination thereof. Optionally, the insulation may include one or more layers of insulation to minimize heat loss. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be configured to serve as a heat collector and / or a storage unit. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be configured for maintaining water temperature during low sunlight conditions. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be equipped with limescale prevention mechanisms, such as catalytic rods.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the water in the hot water storage tank may be heated. Optionally, the water may be heated using solar thermal collectors, and / or the heating elements may be powered by photovoltaic energy, and / or by connection to an electricity grid, and / or by gas, and / or by a generator, and / or by a heat exchanger. Optionally, the water in the hot water storage tank may be heated by one or more heating elements. Optionally, the water may be heated to a predefined temperature. Optionally, when the desired temperature is reached, the heating may be shut down, thereby reducing energy consumption. Optionally, the system may include a hot water storage tank only, e.g., hot water maintained at a predefined temperature. Optionally, this configuration may facilitate autonomous operation. Optionally, this configuration may be suitable for environments where the need for cold water regulation is minimal. Optionally, the predefined temperature may range between about 15°C to about 25°C, and / or about 25°C to about 35°C, and / or about 35°C to about 45°C.

[0063] According to some embodiments, the hot water storage tank may act as a heat collection unit. Optionally, the heat collection unit may provide heating capabilities by adjusting the volume of water being heated. Optionally, hot water from the hot water storage tank may be used in radiant heaters, e.g., in cold environments, at night such as in deserts, in medical facilities, etc. Optionally, the water in the radiant heaters may be reused for further heating, use in a sanitary facility, and / or as a grey water source.

[0064] According to some embodiments, the hot water storage tank may be pressurized and / or unpressurized and / or part of a gravity-fed water system. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be configured for hot water storage and / or heat collection. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be configured with an integrated solar thermal collector. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may serve as a heat collection unit and / or a storage vessel. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be positioned to optimize solar exposure. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may be fitted with insulation to minimize heat loss. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may include a heat exchanger. Optionally, the heat exchanger may enable efficient heat transfer between the stored water and a hot water distribution system.

[0065] According to some embodiments, the container may include a wastewater tank. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be a collection tank placed under the floor of the container. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be configured for the collection of grey water, e.g., from showers, sinks, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the wastewater tank may include one or more access hatches for cleaning. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be partially sealed, facilitating easy maintenance while preventing contamination. Optionally, grey water from the wastewater tank may be used to flush toilets, in irrigation, in radiant heaters, as part of a heat exchanger system, etc. Optionally, the grey water may be filtered and / or treated. Optionally, the system may include grey water filtration and reuse for long-term autonomy.

[0066] According to some embodiments, the system may include one or more solar thermal and / or photovoltaic (PV) panels. Optionally, solar panels may generate heat for water heating, and / or provide power for auxiliary systems. Optionally, solar thermal panels may generate heat for water heating. Optionally, photovoltaic panels provide power for auxiliary systems, e.g., photovoltaic panels may provide energy for circulation pumps, water pumps, lighting, control systems, heating, charging communication equipment, powering medical equipment, etc. Optionally, the solar panels may be connected to one or more power outlets of the container.

[0067] According to some embodiments, the solar panels may be installed on the roof of the container. Optionally, the system may include one or more protective shutters. Optionally, the protective shutter may be configured to prevent overheating. Optionally, the protective shutter may be configured to protect the solar panels from harsh weather, e.g., dust, rain, hail, wind, etc. Optionally, the shutters on the panels may be automated based on light and temperature conditions to prevent overheating and / or damage.

[0068] According to some embodiments, the system may include an energy storage system. Optionally, the energy storage system may include one or more rechargeable batteries. Optionally, the rechargeable batteries may be charged by the photovoltaic solar panels. Optionally, a battery charged by the photovoltaic panels may power the water circulation pumps and / or control units at night and / or under low-light conditions, and / or extended periods of low sunlight and / or increased usage demands. Optionally, a battery charged by the photovoltaic panels may support off-grid functionality. Optionally, various sized batteries may be installed to facilitate lighting, and / or pressure pump operations, and / or powering additional amenities, such as shaver charging outlets. Optionally, the battery may be connected to one or more power outlets of the container.

[0069] According to some embodiments, the system may facilitate full off-grid functionality. Optionally, batteries charged by solar panels may ensure water circulation and basic operation during nighttime. Optionally, the hot water tank, combined with heat storage, may facilitate water heating continuity even in fluctuating sunlight conditions. Optionally, the system may rely solely on active heat recovery systems driven by photovoltaic solar panels and / or AC power from an electricity grid, e.g., allowing simplified operation where solar thermal installation is impractical.

[0070] According to some embodiments, the container may include one or more heat exchangers. Optionally, the wastewater tank and / or the hot water storage tank may be fitted with one or more heat exchangers. Optionally, the heat exchangers may employ one or more modes of heat collection, including water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors. Optionally, the water channels may be configured to collect heat from circulating water. Optionally, gas channels may be configured to collect heat directly from a heat pump compressor, providing effective thermal transfer. Optionally, a surface with a solar selective coating may be configured to function as a solar collector for enhanced heat absorption. Optionally, the surface may include one or more features configured to increase the heat exchange area and / or asymmetric features configured to direct the heat to the adjacent water layers. Optionally, the asymmetric features may include one-way valves, Tesla valves, etc. Optionally, the external shape of the heat exchanger may include surface features resembling Tesla Valves and / or other structures designed to introduce directionality in response to induced liquid movement, thereby optimizing flow efficiency.

[0071] According to some embodiments, the heat exchangers may be equipped with integral enhancement mechanisms to boost heat transfer, e.g., vibration, ultrasonic movement, induced fluid injection, etc. Optionally, displacement (such as vibration, flapping, curvature change, or ultrasonic movement of a device or part thereof), and / or injection of fluid or air. Optionally, heat transfer may be boosted by disrupting boundary layers, and / or enhancing fluid mixing, and / or improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and the heat transfer medium. Optionally, the displacement may be induced by a designated mechanism (e.g., inducers suitable for floated operation), and / or by reusing parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts, such as a compressor, via mechanical, piezo, hydrodynamic, or other couplings. Optionally, the type of oscillation may induce laminar flow and / or directed flow. Optionally, the heat exchanger may include multiple inducers. Optionally, the inducers may be symmetrically and / or asymmetrically positioned. Optionally, the inducers may be configured for constant and / or switchable operation. Some methods may be similar to those used in Distributed Mode Loudspeakers (DML), involving phase matching and / or coordination as needed. According to some embodiments, the heat exchanger may include a multi-directional flow control mechanism. Optionally, the flow control mechanism may facilitate direction of fluid flow along and / or against a temperature gradient. Optionally, the flow control mechanism may be controlled by one or more external pumps and / or valves, thereby optimizing heat collection and / or distribution efficiency.

[0072] According to some embodiments, the heat exchanger may include multiple layers. Optionally, the heat exchanger may have any shape, such as spiral or U-shaped, with the requirement that certain geometrical distances may be adjusted to induce necessary mixing. Optionally, mixing may be induced through movement. Optionally, the mixing may be nonmechanical mixing, e.g., magnetohydrodynamic mixing, etc. Optionally, the mixing may operate independently and / or in coordination with other types of mixing to enhance overall system efficiency.

[0073] According to some embodiments, the system may include conventional heat exchangers and / or combined gas / water heat exchangers. Optionally, the heat exchangers may be employed in the hot water storage tank and / or wastewater tanks for efficient thermal exchange. The system may include passive heat recovery systems and / or active heat recovery systems. Optionally, the passive heat recovery systems may circulate water through a heat exchange coil. Optionally, the active heat recovery systems may employ a high-efficiency heat pump for peak demand periods. The system may include an air source heat exchanger. Optionally, the air source heat exchanger may be connected to the heat pump, allowing it to function as a standard air-to-water heat pump for additional heating. Optionally, the air-to-water heat pump may be used when waste heat recovery is unavailable or air source operation is deemed more beneficial for performance, cooling, or energy-saving purposes. The system may include an adaptive heat exchange network. Optionally, the adaptive heat exchange network may enable energy transfer between different components of the system, utilizing sensors, actuators, flow meters, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to dynamically optimize system efficiency based on performance criteria and environmental factors. Additionally, or alternatively, the system may include multiple smaller heat exchangers spread throughout different parts of the container to optimize spatial utilization and heat distribution without requiring a central unit. Optionally, the system may function without solar thermal collectors, relying solely on recovery or air-to-water systems powered by photovoltaic panels or conventional AC power. The system may include a plug for an external heater, such as a propane heater or additional heat pump, to increase heating capacity.

[0074] According to some embodiments, the system may include one or more external connectors. Optionally, the external connector may be an external water inlet. Optionally, the external water inlet may facilitate external hot water supply, supplementing the container’s internal heating during high-demand and / or low-sunlight periods. Optionally, the external connector may be an external heating connector. Optionally, the external heating connector may be a connector on an external wall that allows integration with additional heating systems, like propane heaters, supplementary heat pumps, etc.

[0075] According to some embodiments, the container may include an adaptive heat exchange network. The adaptive heat exchange network may include a heat exchanger configured to enable energy transfer between any two or more components within the system. Optionally, the heat exchanger may be configured to transfer energy through direct paths, indirect paths, or combinations thereof. Optionally, the heat exchanger may be configured to transfer energy between wastewater and the hot water storage tank. Optionally, the heat exchanger may facilitate passive and / or active heat recovery. Optionally, the system may dynamically select and / or adjust energy pathways based on performance criteria, and / or operational requirements, and / or environmental factors. Optionally, the heat exchanger may include a self-optimizing configuration that differs from traditional fixed systems.

[0076] According to some embodiments, the adaptive heat exchange network may include a multidirectional flow control mechanism in the heat exchanger. Optionally, the multi-directional flow control mechanism may allow some or all channels in the heat exchanger to operate in one or both directions. Optionally, the multi-directional flow control mechanism may facilitate flow in the direction of and / or against the natural temperature gradient within the hot water storage tank. Optionally, the multi-directional flow control mechanism may facilitate simultaneous counterflow of gas and / or fluid channels relative to the temperature gradient, thereby facilitating inexchanger transfer of heat between the two media.

[0077] According to some embodiments, the adaptive heat exchange network may include one or more temperature sensors. Optionally, the temperature sensors may be located at key points within the heat exchangers, tanks, and flow pathways. Optionally, the temperature sensors may be configured to monitor heat exchange efficacy. The adaptive heat exchange network may include one or more actuators configured for controlling valves to enable or restrict fluid flow between components as determined by operational requirements. The adaptive heat exchange network may include one or more flow meters. Optionally, the flow meters may be located at key junctions to measure fluid flow rates, ensuring that flow parameters align with intended operational performance. The adaptive heat exchange network may include one or more pressure sensors. Optionally, the pressure sensors may be located in critical parts of the system. Optionally, the pressure sensors may ensure that pressure levels are sufficient for heat transfer while preventing system damage. Optionally, the pressure sensors may control a booster pump configured to maintain the required pressure level in specific parts of the system. Optionally, the system may include one or more pumps with variable speed control to regulate flow rates dynamically, responding to changing energy needs. Optionally, the system may include one or more heat pumps configured for active heat recovery. Optionally, the system may include an air source heat exchanger configured to operate when waste heat is unavailable and / or to provide cooling benefits. Optionally, the air source heat exchanger may be coupled to the heat pump compressor, e.g., to route refrigerant to the desired heat exchanger based on the objectives and / or available resources. Optionally, the system may include a programmable logic controller (PLC) and / or a similar embedded computing device capable of real-time control and reconfiguration of system pathways. Optionally, the system may include one or more memory modules capable of storing historical data related to system performance, weather conditions, energy demands for predictive analysis, etc. Optionally, the system may include a communication interface configured to support remote monitoring, and / or control, and / or diagnostic analysis and / or updates. The adaptive heat exchange network may include predictive simulation capabilities that simulate and / or anticipate demand, weather patterns, system performance, and potential overheating risks. The system may use predictive data to dynamically adjust configurations and / or manage energy flow to maintain operational efficiency and / or prevent overheating. The adaptive heat exchange network may include one or more external connectors for integrating supplementary heat input sources, such as propane heaters, additional heat pumps, etc. Optionally, the supplementary heat input sources may facilitate versatility in heating options.

[0078] According to some embodiments, the system may include multiple configurable operational modes:

[0079] Thermal Storage Mode: The hot water storage tank may serve primarily for heat storage. The water stored in the tank may not serve as a direct supply for users. Instead, heat is transferred via an internal heat exchanger to hot water lines, using external line pressure.

[0080] • Direct Hot Water Supply Mode: The hot water storage tank may serve as a hot water storage unit, capable of supplying hot water directly to users. An additional booster pump may be used if external pressure is insufficient, ensuring adequate water flow.

[0081] • Fast heating capability: The hot water storage tank may be equipped with a volume control mechanism that selectively adjusts the volume of water to be heated. This feature may facilitate rapid heating of a limited water quantity, tailored to anticipated user demand or situations requiring quick readiness and / or using limited power, such as solar, to reach target temperatures.

[0082] • Limescale prevention mechanism: The hot water storage tank may be fitted with descaling and / or catalytic mechanisms, e.g., catalytic rods or similar devices. The limescale prevention mechanism may be designed to reduce limescale formation on heating surfaces, thereby improving longevity and reducing maintenance requirements. The system may be configured to allow easy removal and / or neutralization of accumulated limescale.

[0083] • Automatic shutter mechanism: The hot water storage tank and / or solar collector may include an automatic shutter mechanism configured to cover the tank based on external conditions. The shutter may provide additional thermal insulation, and / or reduce infrared radiation losses, and / or prevent overheating under high solar exposure and / or facilitate full exposure to the sun when desired.

[0084] • Controllable heat exchange timing: The system may be configured to facilitate the operation of heat exchange to be time-separated from direct consumption. This configuration may facilitate prioritizing user hot water needs before engaging in active and / or passive heat recovery processes, ensuring the availability of hot water for immediate use.

[0085] Some embodiments relate to a container sanitary system. The system may include one or more solar thermal panels. Optionally, the solar thermal panels may be mounted on the container roof and / or integrated into a solar-heated tank. Optionally, the solar thermal panels may be configured to capture solar energy. Optionally, the solar thermal panels may be configured to generate heat for heating water. Optionally, integration of the solar thermal panels into the tank may facilitate combined functionality of heat collection and water storage. The system may include one or more photovoltaic (PV) panels. Optionally, the photovoltaic panels may be configured to provide electrical energy. Optionally, the electrical energy may power auxiliary systems (e.g., circulation pumps, lighting, control units, etc.), and / or ensure autonomous off-grid operation. The system may include one or more heat exchangers. Optionally, the heat exchangers may be configured to transfer heat between hot water and wastewater for efficient heat recovery. Optionally, the heat exchangers may be configured for energy utilization within the container. The system may include one or more sanitary fixtures, e.g., showers, sinks, toilets, urinals, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the sanitary fixtures may be connected to a hot water distribution system and / or cold-water distribution system. Optionally, the hot water supply may be heated by a solar heat system and / or heat recovery system. The system may include heat recovery mechanisms. Optionally, the heat recovery mechanism may include passive heat recovery and / or active heat recovery. Optionally, the heat recovery mechanism may be configured to utilize waste heat from grey water and / or hot water storage tanks. The system may include a grey water reuse system. Optionally, grey water reuse system may be configured to reuse grey water collected from showers, and / or sinks, and / or washing machines. Optionally, the grey water may be used as flush fluid for toilets. Optionally, the grey water may be filtered and / or treated. Optionally, the system may include grey water filtration and reuse for long-term autonomy. Optionally, the grey water system may facilitate conservation of fresh water resources and / or promote sustainability. The system may include a wastewater tank. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be positioned beneath the container floor. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be configured to collect grey water and / or waste. Optionally, the wastewater tank may be equipped with maintenance access for cleaning and / or servicing to ensure system hygiene. The system may include a cold-water storage tank. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may facilitate temperature regulation and / or autonomous operation. Optionally, the cold-water storage may be configured for mixing to achieve desired water temperature levels in the showers and sinks without an external water supply. The system may include energy storage units. Optionally, the energy storage units may be powered by the photovoltaic panels. Optionally, the energy storage unit may be configured to provide backup energy, e.g., to circulation pumps, control units, lighting during low-light conditions, supporting continuous off-grid functionality. The system may include one or more external connectors. Optionally, the external connectors may be configured for integrating heating sources, such as propane heaters or additional heat pumps. Optionally, the external connectors may facilitate flexibility for different environments. The system may include an intelligent control system configured to monitor the status of energy inputs, demand requirements, temperature levels, water pressure, adjust operation modes dynamically based on changing conditions to optimize system performance for both off-grid and grid-connected scenarios. The system may include a distributed heat collection system. Optionally, the heat exchangers may include and / or may be functionally replaced by several individual devices, each handling a specific aspect of the heat collection, exchange, or efficiency boost processes, spread throughout different parts of the container. Optionally, the distributed heat collection system may delegate certain functionalities to multiple smaller heat exchangers and / or external components. Optionally, the distributed heat collection system may lack certain features of a centralized heat exchanger, while collectively providing an optimized heat collection mechanism. Optionally, the individual heat exchangers may be integrated within the container walls, optimizing spatial utilization and heat distribution without requiring a central unit. The system may be operated in multiple operation modes. Optionally, the modes may include solar-only, solar with passive recovery, solar with active recovery, and air-to- water heat pump modes, each mode selectable based on the energy sources available and operational requirements to maximize efficiency.

[0086] Some embodiments relate to a container sanitary system comprising an adaptive heat exchange network integrated into a container. The system may include solar thermal panels and / or photovoltaic panels (PV) configured for autonomous off-grid operation. The system may include an unpressurized solar-heated tank configured to serve as a hot water storage tank. Optionally, the hot water storage tank may include heat collection capabilities, and / or an additional solar thermal system. The system may include a pressurized solar-heated tank configured to serve as a hot water storage tank. The system may include a cold storage water tank for temperature regulation. Optionally, the cold-water storage tank may ensure operational autonomy even without an external water supply and / or an external connection thereof. The system may include a grey water reuse system. Optionally, the grey water reuse system may be configured for conserving fresh water resources. Optionally, the grey water may be filtered and / or treated. Optionally, the system may include grey water filtration and reuse for long-term autonomy. Optionally, the grey water reuse system may be configured to reuse grey water as flush fluid. The system may include one or more wastewater tanks. Optionally, the wastewater tanks may be positioned beneath the container floor. Optionally, the wastewater tanks may be configured to enable easy maintenance. Optionally, the wastewater tanks may be configured for heat recovery from grey water and / or drainage. Optionally, the wastewater tanks may facilitate system hygiene and / or efficiency. The system may include various consumption points, e.g., showers, sinks, toilets, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the consumption points may be connected to their respective water supply tanks and / or wastewater tanks and / or sewage. The system may include an energy storage. Optionally, the energy storage may be powered by photovoltaic panels. Optionally, the energy storage may be configured to support circulation pumps, lighting, and control units during low-light conditions. Optionally, the energy storage may be configured to ensure consistent off-grid operation. The system may include external connectors. Optionally, the external connector may be configured for integrating additional hot water sources or heating systems, ensuring adaptability to diverse environments and operational requirements. The system may include multiple operation modes (e.g., solar-only, solar and passive recovery, solar and active recovery, air-to-water heat pump, etc.). Optionally, the system may be configured to be controlled by an artificial intelligence system. Optionally, the artificial intelligence system may be configured to adapt based on available energy and user demand.

[0087] Some embodiments relate to a pressurized and / or unpressurized solar-heated tank. The solar heated tank may be configured for hot water storage and / or heat collection. The solar heated tank may be configured for olar thermal integration. The tank may be configured with an integrated solar thermal collector. Optionally, the tank may serve as a heat collection unit and / or a storage vessel. Optionally, the tank may be positioned to optimize solar exposure, Optionally, the tank may be fitted with insulation to minimize heat loss. The tank may include a heat exchanger. Optionally, the heat exchanger may enable efficient heat transfer between the stored water and the hot water distribution system. Optionally, the tank may serve primarily for heat storage. Optionally, the water stored in the tank may not serve as a direct water supply to users. Optionally, heat may be transferred via an internal heat exchanger to hot water lines, using external line pressure. Optionally, the tank may serve as a hot water storage unit. Optionally, the tank may be capable of supplying hot water directly to users. Optionally, the tank may include an additional booster pump if external pressure is insufficient, thereby ensuring adequate water flow. Optionally, the tank may be equipped with a volume control mechanism. Optionally, the volume control mechanism may selectively adjust the volume of water to be heated. Optionally, the volume control mechanism may facilitate rapid heating of a limited water quantity, tailored to anticipated user demand and / or situations requiring quick readiness and / or using limited power to reach target temperatures. Optionally, the tank may include a descaling mechanism and / or a catalytic mechanism. Optionally, the limescale prevention mechanism may include catalytic rods and / or similar devices. Optionally, the limescale prevention mechanism may be designed to reduce limescale formation on heating surfaces, thereby improving longevity and reducing maintenance requirements. Optionally, the system may be configured to facilitate easy removal and / or neutralization of accumulated limescale. The tank may include an automatic shutter mechanism. Optionally, the shutter mechanism may be configured to cover the tank based on external conditions, providing additional thermal insulation, reducing infrared radiation losses, preventing overheating under high solar exposure, etc. The system may be configured to facilitate the operation of heat exchange to be time-separated from direct consumption. Optionally, this configuration may facilitate prioritizing user hot water needs before engaging in active and / or passive heat recovery processes, ensuring optimal availability of hot water for immediate use.

[0088] According to some embodiments, the system may be configured for multiple operation modes, including passive and active heat recovery, air-to-water heat pumps, etc. Optionally, the system may include external connectors for additional heating sources to ensure flexibility and energy efficiency, and / or to maximize efficiency based on environmental conditions and user needs:

[0089] • Solar only mode: operates exclusively on solar thermal input, ideal for days with sufficient sunlight.

[0090] • Solar and passive recovery mode: combines solar heating with passive recovery from the heat exchanger, utilizing waste heat recovery.

[0091] • Solar and active recovery mode: engages both solar thermal and active recovery to deliver maximum heating output during high-demand situations.

[0092] • Air-to-water heat pump mode: utilizes the air heat exchanger to operate as an air-to-water heat pump, providing additional heating capacity and enhanced energy efficiency in cooler weather or when optimal energy savings are required. • Limited autonomous mode (without cold water tank): the system can be configured to heat water to a predefined temperature and shut down the solar thermal collectors when not in use, ensuring basic autonomous functionality without a cold-water supply.

[0093] • Adaptive heat exchange network mode: utilizes sensors, actuators, and flow meters to dynamically adjust energy pathways between system components, optimizing system performance based on real-time demand, weather conditions, and environmental factors.

[0094] In some embodiments, a water heating system integrates both passive and active heating mechanisms. For example, a two-stage passive / active system may significantly enhance energy efficiency. Optionally, in an initial stage, the system employs a passive heat exchanger (e.g., Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger (CFHX)) to preheat incoming clean water using warm grey water. For example, the grey water may come from activities such as clothes washing, dishwashing, and showers. This passive heat exchange process optionally reduces the thermal load on the subsequent active heating stage. For example, the thermal load on the active heating stage may be reduced by 40-80%, leveraging the relatively high temperature of grey water, which may range from 25 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius, to elevate the temperature of the incoming cold mains water, which is typically around 3 to 8 degrees Celsius in winter conditions like those in Berlin and New York.

[0095] Following the preheating phase, the second stage of the system involves active heating to elevate the preheated water to the desired temperature, typically 55 degrees Celsius (e.g., between 45 to 60 degrees and / or between 30 to 45 degrees and / or between 60 to 90 degrees). This active heating can be achieved through various means, including electrical resistance heaters, heat pumps, and solar heating. Heat pumps, in particular, can extract heat from different sources such as outside air or the grey water itself, depending on the system's configuration. By preheating the water, the thermal lift required by the heat pump is reduced, which, despite a potential drop in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) due to higher thermal lift, results in overall energy savings.

[0096] The system in some embodiments, the system operates in one two modes: intermittent flow and continuous flow. In intermittent flow mode, hot water consumption and drainage are not synchronized, which may occur due to activities like bathtub filling or during peak electricity hours to avoid toilet flushes. In continuous flow mode, heat recovery may be more efficient as it occurs concurrently with incoming drainage. In the constant flow mode, the system to have flexible control and the ability to quickly adjust to varying conditions, which can be facilitated by selectively collecting warm wastewater and bypassing particularly cold portions of drainage, such as repetitive toilet flushes. In some embodiments, high-speed bypass / eject for cold water bursts may increase system efficiency by rejecting energy-poor chunks of drainage.

[0097] In some embodiments, the selective collection of warm wastewater into a tank enhances the system's performance by ensuring that only energy-rich grey water is utilized for preheating. This selective approach may improve the efficiency of the heat recovery process. In some embodiments, dynamically selecting the heat pump source, either from the air or the cooled wastewater, further extends its efficiency and adaptability. For example, the system may include a processor that chooses heat sources and / or directs waste water between heat recovery and / or disposal dependent on conditions such as heat demand, heat supply, ambient temperatures, incoming water temperature, desired hot water temperature etc. Optionally, the processor will control flows of heat and / or water in a way that increases efficiency.

[0098] Additionally, the system may include an all-in-one (closed loop) shower configuration with either a two-stage or single-stage active heat recovery process. An exemplary embodiment incorporates a three-way thermostatic priority valve that manages the flow of hot water, facilitating utilization of recovered heat when available and / or drawing from other heat sources. The thermostatic valve may feedback the desired temperature into the controller which may use the data to better manage heat resources. Features such as a precharge mode, which allows the system to reach an efficient steady state ahead of time, and / or a buffer hot water tank to accommodate rapid variations in demand, further enhance the system's performance.

[0099] Numerical simulations demonstrate that under certain conditions, the two-step water heating may lead to significant energy savings and / or efficiency improvements in domestic water heating applications. By combining passive and active heating methods, selectively utilizing warm grey water, and incorporating advanced control mechanisms, the system not only reduces the energy required to heat water but also offers flexibility and adaptability to varying usage patterns and environmental conditions.

[0100] SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0101] Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and / or methods set forth in the following description and / or illustrated in the drawings and / or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Explanations of possible mechanisms of effect are not intended to limit the invention to a particular theoretical framework.

[0102] Reference is now made to the figures.

[0103] FIGs. 1A-C are schematic diagrams illustrating various views of a container sanitary system, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, the self-contained sanitary system may be configured to fit on a mobile platform, e.g., a truck container. Optionally, the system may integrate solar thermal, photovoltaic (PV) technologies, waste heat recovery, water saving mechanisms, and grey water reuse to serve sanitary functions (e.g., bathing, bathroom, clothes washing, etc.) in areas not served by external water and / or power supplies. Optionally, the grey water may be filtered and / or treated. Optionally, the system may include grey water filtration and reuse for long-term autonomy. The system may be modular. Optionally, the system may facilitate a modular, and / or efficient, and / or versatile solution for on-grid, off-grid, and remote sanitation needs. Optionally, the system may combine solar and heat recovery technologies with innovative water and energy management. The system may be configured for autonomy, energy efficiency, and maintainability, making it suitable for challenging environments, both civilian and military. The system may be designed for efficient energy and water usage in remote and / or off-grid settings, with improved performance while connected to the grid.

[0104] The system may be housed within a standard container and / or custom container, e.g., 20- foot unit, 40-foot unit, etc. Optionally, the container 10 may facilitate mobility and / or protection. Optionally, container 10 may be fitted with access panels and / or reinforced openings for ventilation, and / or water connections, and / or power connections. Optionally, one or more modular sanitation units may be connected to the available water connections, and / or power connections. Optionally, the type, and / or size, and / or order, and / or number and / or location of the modular sanitation units within the container may be varied, and / or adjusted and / or selected in accordance with the requirements of the users. Optionally, modular sanitation units may be added to the container as needed. Optionally, the modular sanitation units may include showers, toilets, sinks, urinals, washing machines, baths, etc. Optionally, the container may be a self-contained unit. The container may be configured to connect to one or more additional containers, e.g., the transportable sanitation system may be expandable. Optionally, each container may be a self-contained unit. Optionally, multiple containers may be configured to share resources. Optionally, various containers may be specialized for a particular use, e.g., toilets, showers, clothes washing, etc. Optionally, the modular sanitation units may be connected to the container on-site. Optionally, the container may be assembled and / or disassembled on-site. Optionally, the container may be preassembled with the required modular sanitation units off site. Optionally, the pre-assembled container may be transportable.

[0105] The container 10 may be subdivided into various sections for specialized uses, e.g., toilets 20, showers 12, sinks 18, urinals 16, clothes washing (not shown), etc. Optionally, prefabricated partitions 14 and / or dividers may be installed in the container in accordance with the users’ needs and / or the selected use for the area and / or container. Optionally, prefabricated sanitary units may be modular. Optionally, prefabricated sanitary units may be installed in the container in accordance with the users’ needs and / or the selected use for the area and / or container, e.g., toilets 20, showers 12, sinks 18, urinals 16, clothes washing (not shown), etc. Optionally, the container may include multiple water fixtures. Optionally, various sanitary fixtures may be connected to the various water fixtures, e.g., shower outlet, taps, toilet cisterns, etc. Optionally, the container may include one or more waste systems, e.g., for grey water, sewage, etc. Optionally, various sanitary fixtures may be connected to the various waste systems, e.g., showers, drains, toilets, washing machines, etc. Optionally, the container may include multiple electrical outlets, e.g., lighting, water heating, ventilation, connection of various electric devices, etc.

[0106] The system may include one or more external connectors. Optionally, the external connector may be an external water inlet. Optionally, the external water inlet may facilitate external hot water supply, supplementing the container’s internal heating during high-demand and / or low-sunlight periods. Optionally, the external connector may be an external heating connector. Optionally, the external heating connector may be a connector on an external wall that allows integration with additional heating systems, like propane heaters, supplementary heat pumps, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, the portable sanitary system may incorporate a two-step water heating process to enhance energy efficiency. For example, the process may involve first preheating the incoming cold mains water using a passive heat exchanger (e.g., Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger (CFHX)) using a warm heat source. For example, the warm heat source may include heat from the hot drain water. Subsequently, the pre-heated water is optionally further heated to a target temperature by an active heater. For example, the active heater may include a heat pump. In some embodiments, this active lift stage allows the heat pump to operate at higher efficiency. For example, efficiency may be increased due to the reduced thermal lift. The heat pump source can be dynamically selectable, using various heat sources. For example, heat sources may include an air source (e.g., ambient air) and / or warm waste water and / or the cooled wastewater from the preheating step, which enhances the system's adaptability and efficiency.

[0108] The portable sanitary system, housed within container 10, may include various modular sanitation units such as toilets 20, showers 12, sinks 18, and urinals 16. These units can be connected to the heat recovery system to ensure that hot water is efficiently provided while conserving energy. For instance, the pre-heated water from the CFHX can be directed to showers 12 and sinks 18, ensuring that the water reaches a comfortable temperature quickly and with less energy. The heat pump can then raise the water temperature to the desired level, facilitating a reliable hot water supply for all sanitary functions within the container. This dual-stage heating system helps in maintaining the autonomy of the system, especially in off-grid or remote locations.

[0109] Managing the portable sanitary system to increase efficiency can involve configuring the system to operate in different modes based on the demand and availability of resources. For example, during periods of intermittent flow, where hot water consumption and drainage are not synchronized, the system can selectively collect warm wastewater into a tank, skipping particularly cold portions of drainage from repetitive flushes of toilets 20. For example, toilet 20 water may be directed out of the system while heated from showers 12 and / or sinks 18 may be directed to heat recovery. Alternatively or additionally, waste water from warm times (for example, when people are showering, washing dishes and / or washing clothes) could be directed to heat recover while waste water from cold times (for example when many people are using toilets and / or hand washing) may be directed out of the system. This selective collection process facilitates directing energy-rich wastewater to heat recovery, thereby increasing the efficiency of the heat pump. In continuous flow mode, where heat recovery occurs during incoming drainage, the system can dynamically adjust the operation of the heat pump and / or CFHX to increase energy recovery and maintain a steady supply of hot water. In some embodiments, high-speed bypass / eject for cold water bursts may increase system efficiency by rejecting energy-poor chunks of drainage. Additionally, the system may be designed to incorporate solar heating as a supplementary heat source. Solar thermal panels can pre-heat the incoming water, reducing the load on the CFHX and heat pump. This integration of solar energy can further enhance the system's efficiency and autonomy. Furthermore, the container 10 can be equipped with an intelligent control system that monitors energy inputs, demand requirements, and temperature levels, adjusting the operation modes dynamically to optimize performance. This smart management of resources ensures that the portable sanitary system remains efficient, sustainable, and capable of providing reliable sanitary services in various environments.

[0110] FIG 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a combined tank and heat exchanger, in accordance with some embodiments, the unpressurized combined solar collector / tank 101 has highly-insulated walls, covered with an absorbing layer (e.g., black paint) from inside and also shielded from heat loss through IR reflection. The top of the tank is covered and insulated with multiple glass layers 201, with a rolling or otherwise foldable shutter 103 and guides 104 to unfold the shutter 103, with an automatic and / or manual deployment system. The shutter serves dual purpose: allowing to save heat (e.g., at night) by providing extra insulation and IR reflective layers and to prevent overheating during the day. At the bottom part of the tank, a multimode (solar, gas, water) heat exchanger 401 is located. The heat exchanger can be directly coupled to a compressor of heat pump via a refrigerant connector 402 or to liquid heat source 403. Alternatively, it can serve as the heat exchanger to heat water from cold inlet to the temperature of the usage.

[0111] Some embodiments can include inlet / outlet pipes 123, 124 to control the level of the liquid inside the tank, thus allowing to control the available thermal mass and / or usable hot water, depending on the configuration and purpose. Additionally, these pipes could be used for induced mixed by waterjet.

[0112] Some configurations of the heat exchanger 401 can have integrated mixing devices 405 that can use vibrations (either self-induced, or coupled to an external vibration source, such as parasitic vibrations of a heat pump compressor).

[0113] In some embodiments, the tank contains a catalytic rod to prevent limescale attachment or formation on the heating elements.

[0114] FIGs 3-7 are schematic diagrams illustrating side views of a container sanitary system with various operational modes, in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments a multi-mode system may be adaptive. For example, an adaptive system may include a controller, sensor and / or automatic valves. For example, the controller may receive data from sensors and open and / or close valves according to preprogrammed instructions based on the mission of system and / or based on sensor data. For example, if the system is working under extreme water scarce conditions the system may preserve water even at the cost of losing energy (e.g., warm gray water may be used to flush toilets. Alternatively or additionally, under conditions where water is available but power conservation is important the system may preserve warm gray water for use heating water when people are taking showers and use fresh water for flushing toilets. Alternatively or additionally, the choice of where to use the gray water may be dependent on the temperature of the gray water and / or the amount of stored gray water and / or the expected demand for heat and / or toilet flushing etc.

[0115] Fig. 3 is an external view of a container sanitary system in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, the system is transportable in that it is all contained in a shipping container 500 and self-contained in that it can be moved as a single unit using a truck, train and / or boat. In some embodiments, container 500 stores hot water in a tank 152. Optionally, tank 152 is unpressurized and / or insulated.. The hot water may be heated by a heat collector 162 (e.g., a solar thermal collector and / or a PVT collector Optionally, the solar heated water which is not hot enough may may be used as a heat source to a heat pump (e.g., heat pump 166 illustrated in Figs. 4-7) which may heat water for use at higher temperatures. In some embodiments, the system may be configured to take advantage of external water sources or waste disposal. For example, the system may include an inlet pipe 123 (for clean water) and / or an outlet pipe 124 (e.g., for disposing of waste water). Optionally, the system may include a PV panel 164. Optionally, panel 164 and be folded outward, downward and / or at an angle. Optionally the container may include a front door 212 and / or a side door 214.

[0116] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-mode mobile sanitary system in power saving mode using heat recovery and / or solar water heating in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. For example, three-way valve 322 is set to circulate water between hot water tank 152 and solar collector 162. When the temperature in the collector 162 is in the preset range, the circulation pump 426 is turned on and raises water from the tank 152 to the collector 162 and / or returns heated water from the collector 162 to the water tank 152, e.g., via pipe 172. The water tank 152 is filled via a floating ball valve 342 that can be replaced by a pressure transmitter and motorized valve managed by the controller to control the water at a desired level and / or temperature.

[0117] In some modes, a system controls various systems to balance between the time for the water to reach the needed water temperature and / or other constraints (e.g., saving energy and / or saving water). The water tank 152 may be heated by heat exchanger 410, for example, by activating circulation (e.g., by circulation pump 424) via the heat exchanger 410 and / or a pressurized water tank 158 and / or by setting a three-way valve 322 and three-way valve 324 to the right position (e.g., as illustrated Fig. 5 where three-way valve 322 is set to allow circulation between hot water tank 158 and reusable heat sources [e.g., collector 162 and heat exchanger 410 and three-way valve 324 is set to facilitate circulation between tank 158 and tank 152 with heat exchanger 410). For cold water, the system can use an external cold-water inlet / outlet (valve 336) and / or a cold-water tank 156. In some embodiments, water may be pumped via a booster pump 422 and / or a valve 338.

[0118] In some modes, the system may use an external hot water inlet / outlet (valve 332), a pressurized hot water tank 158, an unpressurized hot water tank 152 using a booster pump 424, and setting three-way valve 322 to the right position (e.g., Fig. 6 where 326 and 328 are set to allow warm wastewater from tank 154 to reach heat pump 166 which may extract heat from the waste water and / or heat cold-water exchanger 414 and / or tank 158).

[0119] In some embodiments, cold water is directed to heat exchanger 410 (e.g., by setting three- way valves 324 and 322 to the right position (e.g., Fig. 7)). One-way valve 314 prevents air inlet from solar collector 162 while booster pump 424 usage. The heat pump 166 may use the recovery heat exchanger 412 (e.g., from a waste tank 154 or the air heat exchanger 416 as a cold-side energy source. The three-way valves 326 and 328 are used to change the energy source. A valve 176 is used to drain water from a cold-water tank 156. A pipe 174 is used to drain used water into sewage.

[0120] In some embodiments, a door 212 provides maintenance access to the system. The door 214 provides access to the main facilities, such as showers and toilets. A foldable photovoltaic panel 164 coupled to electrical energy storage provides energy for water pumps and motorized valves for off-grid system operation and / or additional savings. One-way valve 312 prevents backflow via the water pump 424 in the unpressurized hot water use stage (e.g., Fig. 5) when the circulation pump 426 is in use. Holders 114 are used to install additional modular water tanks. Mixing valves coupled to showers 300 are located at the main facilities 500. The heat exchanger 412 could be used for passive heat recovery by opening valves 346 and 348 and closing the valve 336. The water tank 152 may be drained via a valve 334.

[0121] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, the transportable sanitary system 40 may be configured for heat collection. System 40 may include a container 48 including a hot water tank 42 configured for heat collection, a wastewater tank 44 configured for heat collection, and at least one heat exchanger 46 configured to collect heat from said hot water tank and said wastewater tank. Optionally, container 48 is configured for off-grid use. Optionally, the hot water storage tank 42 is configured for hot water storage. Optionally, the hot water tank 42 is fitted with an insulator. Optionally, the heat exchanger 46 is configured for efficient heat transfer between the stored water and a hot water distribution system. Optionally, the wastewater tank 44 is configured for the collection of grey water. Optionally, the heat exchanger 46 employs at least one mode of heat collection selected from water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors. Optionally, the water channels are configured to collect heat from circulating water. Optionally, the gas channels may be configured to collect heat directly from a heat pump compressor. Optionally, the surface includes at least one feature configured to increase a heat exchange area. Optionally, the heat exchanger is equipped with an integral enhancement mechanism to boost heat transfer. Optionally, the heat transfer is boosted by a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium. Optionally, the designated mechanism reuses parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts. Optionally, the hot water tank and said wastewater tank include induced mixing technologies selected from mechanical stirring, ultrasonic agitation, vibrational methods, air bubble induction, or magnetohydrodynamics. Optionally, the hot water tank 42 and the wastewater tank 44 include a limescale prevention mechanism. Optionally, the system further comprising a solar thermal panel. Optionally, container 48 further comprising at least one sanitary fixture configured to use water heated by the system. Optionally, the wastewater tank 44 is configured for the collection of grey water from the sanitary fixture.

[0122] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, in method 50, relates to a method for heat management in a transportable container sanitary system, including collecting 52 heat from a hot water tank, a wastewater tank, or both, using at least one heat exchanger for collecting the heat by employing at least one mode of heat collection comprising water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors, and reusing 54 the collected heat. Optionally, the hot water storage tank is configured for storing hot water. Optionally, insulating the hot water tank. Optionally, enabling efficient heat transfer between the stored water and a hot water distribution system. Optionally, collecting grey water in the wastewater tank. Optionally, the water channels are configured for collecting heat from circulating water. Optionally, the gas channels are configured for collecting heat directly from a heat pump compressor. Optionally, the surface includes at least one feature configured for increasing a heat exchange area. Optionally, equipping the heat exchanger with an integral enhancement mechanism to boost heat transfer. Optionally, boosting the heat transfer using a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium. Optionally, reusing parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts in the designated mechanism. Optionally, inducing mixing in the hot water tank or said wastewater tank using technologies selected from mechanical stirring, ultrasonic agitation, vibrational methods, air bubble induction, or magnetohydrodynamics. Optionally, preventing limescale in said hot water tank and said wastewater tank. Optionally, using water heated by the system in at least one sanitary fixture. Optionally, collecting grey water from the sanitary fixture. Optionally, using the container off-grid.

[0123] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, a transportable sanitary system 60 including a container 68 configured for water reuse including a source 62 of grey water, a wastewater tank 64, and a sanitary fixture 66 configured to make use of the grey water stored in the wastewater tank 64. Optionally, the source of grey water is a shower, sink, or washing machine. Optionally, the sanitary fixture 66 is a toilet or urinal. Optionally, the grey water is filtered or treated prior to use. Optionally, the wastewater tank 64 is located under a floor of the container 68. Optionally, heat is collected from the wastewater tank 64 by a heat exchanger. Optionally, the wastewater tank 64 includes a limescale prevention mechanism. Optionally, the wastewater tank 64 includes at least one access hatch for cleaning said wastewater tank. Optionally, the container 68 is configured for off-grid use. Optionally, the container 68 includes multiple modular sanitation units. Optionally, the modular sanitation unit is selected from a shower, toilet, sink, urinal, or washing machine. Optionally, the system further comprising a water circulation pump. Optionally, the water circulation pump is powered by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel connected to container 68.

[0124] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, a method 70 for water reuse in a transportable container sanitary system including collecting 72 grey water from a grey water source, storing 74 the collected grey water in a wastewater tank, and supplying 76 the grey water from the wastewater tank to a sanitary fixture for use therein. Optionally, the collecting grey water is collecting grey water from a shower, sink, or washing machine. Optionally, filtering or treating the grey water prior to use. Optionally, collecting heat from the wastewater tank by a heat exchanger. Optionally, further comprising a limescale prevention mechanism for preventing limescale accumulation in said wastewater tank.

[0125] FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat and water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, a transportable sanitary system 80 including a container 82 configured for heat and water reuse. The transportable sanitary system may be configured to fit on a mobile platform, e.g., a truck container, ship, airplane, train, etc. Optionally, the system may integrate solar thermal, photovoltaic (PV) technologies, waste heat recovery, water saving mechanisms, and grey water reuse to serve sanitary functions (e.g., bathing, bathroom, clothes washing, etc.) in areas not served by external water and / or power supplies. Optionally, the system may include water and / or heat reuse for long-term autonomy. The system, and / or components thereof, may be modular. Optionally, the system may facilitate a modular, and / or efficient, and / or versatile solution for on-grid, off-grid, and remote sanitation needs.

[0126] Container 82 includes multiple modular sanitation units 86, 92. Optionally, the modular sanitation unit is selected from a shower, toilet, sink, urinal, or washing machine. Optionally, the container includes multiple connection points for various modular sanitation units. Container 82 includes a hot water tank 84 configured for heat collection and storage, e.g., via heat exchanger 90. Optionally, the hot water tank 84 is fitted with an insulator. Water from hot water tank 84 is supplied to a first modular sanitation unit 86, e.g., shower, washing machine, sink, etc. Water from the first modular sanitation unit 86 is collected in a grey water tank 88. The grey water tank 88 is configured for heat collection via at least one heat exchanger 90. Heat exchanger 90 is configured to collect heat from grey water tank 88. Heat from grey water tank 88 may be supplied to heat and / or maintain the temperature of the water in hot water tank 84. Grey water from grey water tank 88 is supplied to a second modular sanitation unit 92, e.g., a toilet or urinal. Optionally, the grey water is filtered or treated prior to use. Optionally, waste water from second modular sanitation unit 92 is collected in a wastewater tank 94. Optionally, the grey water tank 88 and / or wastewater tank 94 is located under a floor of the container 82. Optionally, the grey water tank 88 includes a limescale prevention mechanism. Optionally, the wastewater tank 94 includes at least one access hatch for cleaning said wastewater tank. Optionally, the system further comprising a water circulation pump. Optionally, the water circulation pump is powered by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel connected to container 82. Optionally, the heat exchanger 90 may be powered by solar energy. Optionally, the heat exchanger 90 employs at least one mode of heat collection selected from water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors. Optionally, the water channels are configured to collect heat from circulating water. Optionally, the gas channels may be configured to collect heat directly from a heat pump compressor. Optionally, the surface includes at least one feature configured to increase a heat exchange area. Optionally, the heat exchanger 90 is equipped with an integral enhancement mechanism to boost heat transfer. Optionally, the heat transfer is boosted by a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium. Optionally, the designated mechanism reuses parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts. Optionally, the hot water tank 84 and said grey water tank 88 include induced mixing technologies selected from mechanical stirring, ultrasonic agitation, vibrational methods, air bubble induction, or magnetohydrodynamics.

[0127] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram illustrating a container sanitary system including heat and water reuse, in accordance with some embodiments. For example, method 100 relates to heat and water reuse in a transportable container sanitary system. The transportable sanitary system may be configured to fit on a mobile platform, e.g., a truck container, ship, airplane, train, etc. Optionally, the system may integrate solar thermal, photovoltaic (PV) technologies, waste heat recovery, water saving mechanisms, and grey water reuse to serve sanitary functions (e.g., bathing, bathroom, clothes washing, etc.) in areas not served by external water and / or power supplies. Optionally, the system may include water and / or heat reuse for long-term autonomy. The system, and / or components thereof, may be modular. Optionally, the system may facilitate a modular, and / or efficient, and / or versatile solution for on-grid, off-grid, and remote sanitation needs.

[0128] Method 100 includes supplying 102 hot water to a first modular sanitary unit, e. g. , shower, toilet, sink, urinal, or washing machine. Collecting 134 grey water from the first modular sanitary unit. Storing 106 the collected grey water. Collecting 110 heat from the grey water using at least one heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may employ at least one mode of heat collection comprising water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors, and reusing 112 the collected heat.

[0129] Supplying 108 grey water from the first modular sanitary unit to a second modular sanitary unit, e.g., toilet, urinal, etc. Optionally, the collecting grey water is collecting grey water from a shower, sink, or washing machine. Optionally, filtering or treating the grey water prior to use. Optionally, equipping the heat exchanger with an integral enhancement mechanism to boost heat transfer. Optionally, boosting the heat transfer using a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium. Optionally, reusing parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts in the designated mechanism.

[0130] These embodiments are provided by way of example and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0131] Various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below find support in the following examples.

[0132] EXAMPLES

[0133] Reference is now made to the following examples, which together with the above descriptions illustrate some embodiments of the invention in a non limiting fashion. Numerical software was developed to simulate of waste heat recovery under various conditions (location, inlet and air temperatures, heat pump and heat exchanger quality, and so on). The simulations show benefits of 2-stage heat recovery and the non-linearity of the process that one can exploit. Simulation parameters include: high efficiency heat pump, target hot water temperature 55 degrees C, Cold water temperature 15 degrees summer and 6 degrees winter, ambient air temperature 22 degrees summer and 2 degrees winter, drain flow ratio (drain / mains) 1.2, compressor isentropic efficiency 0.65, air-source approach at AT 8 degrees C, water-source approach at AT 3 degrees C, Condenser approach at AT 5 degrees C, Passive heat exchanger efficiency 0.6.

[0134] Numerical simulations were used to illustrate potential saving of multi-step water heating.

[0135] In some embodiments and / or under some conditions, two-step water heating systems can significantly increase energy efficiency under various conditions, including specific geographical locations, climates, times of year, and usage scenarios. In regions with high solar insolation, such as deserts or areas with consistent sunny weather, solar heating can be effectively used for preheating water, reducing the energy required for subsequent heating stages. During colder months, preheating with solar energy or waste heat can still be beneficial, as it reduces the temperature lift required by the heat pump. In some embodiments, the system may be particularly useful in residential or commercial buildings with high hot water demand, such as hotels, laundromats, or multi-family dwellings, where the volume of warm grey water available for heat recovery is substantial.

[0136] The efficiency of the two-step water heating system can be further increased by effectively sequestering warm and cold-water sources. For example, separating warm grey water from cold wastewater can optimize heat recovery. In some embodiments, warm grey water from showers, dishwashers, and washing machines may be stored in a dedicated tank and used for preheating incoming cold water. This separation can be achieved through separate piping systems or timedependent mechanisms, where warm water is directed to the heat recovery system when available, and cold water is diverted to sewage. Additionally, temperature-based separation can be employed, where wastewater above a certain threshold temperature is used for heating purposes, while cooler wastewater is excluded from the system.

[0137] The sources of heat for each step in the two-step system can vary based on the conditions. In the first stage, passive heat recovery using a Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger (CFHX) can preheat incoming cold water with hot drain water, reducing the thermal load by 40-80%. This stage is particularly efficient in continuous flow scenarios, where heat recovery occurs during incoming drainage. In the second stage, a heat pump can lift the preheated water to the final target temperature. The heat pump's efficiency may be lower due to the higher thermal lift, but this is compensated by the reduced energy required to achieve the target temperature. The heat pump source can be dynamically selectable, utilizing either an air source or the same (cooled) wastewater, depending on availability and efficiency.

[0138] Other ways to increase the efficiency of the two-step water heating system include optimizing system control and incorporating advanced features. For instance, a 3-way thermostatic priority valve can manage multiple hot water lines, ensuring the most efficient use of recovered heat. Implementing a precharge mode allows the system to reach an efficient steady state before use, accommodating rapid variations in demand. Additionally, integrating high-speed bypass mechanisms for cold water bursts can reject energy-poor drainage, further enhancing system efficiency. By leveraging these strategies, the system can achieve high Coefficient of Performance (COP) and provide substantial energy savings, particularly in scenarios with high hot water usage and available waste heat recovery.

[0139] Herein results are presented comparing single-stage and two-stage water heating under conditions similar to Berlin in the winter for various control and hardware scenarios.

[0140] FIG. 14: Simulation results for intermittent flow in a typical Berlin house in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. The lines show the coefficient of performance COP (defined as heat supplied divided by the amount of electricity used). Line 1416 is for one stage heating using a heat pump with ambient air as the only heat source. Line 1414 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as the heat source. Line 1412 is for one stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as the only heat source. Line 1410 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with waste water as the heat source. The efficiency of the heat pump using ambient air only as a heat source is independent of the temperature of the wastewater and has a COP of 3.57. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as a heat source is 4.59. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of single stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as a heat source is 5.19. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the waste water as a heat source is 5.82.

[0141] FIG. 15: Simulation results for continuous flow in a typical Berlin house in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. The lines show the coefficient of performance COP (defined as heat supplied divided by the amount of electricity used). Line 1516 is for one stage heating using a heat pump with ambient air as the only heat source. Line 1514 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as the heat source. Line 1512 is for one stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as the only heat source. Line 1510 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the same waste water as the heat source. The efficiency of the heat pump using ambient air only as a heat source is independent of the temperature of the wastewater and has a COP of 3.57. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as a heat source is 4.82. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of single stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as a heat source is 6.57. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the waste water as a heat source is 8.62.

[0142] FIG. 16: Simulation results for continuous flow in a portable shower system in Berlin in the winter in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. The lines show the coefficient of performance COP (defined as heat supplied divided by the amount of electricity used). Line 1616 is for one stage heating using a heat pump with ambient air as the only heat source. Line 1614 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as the heat source. Line 1612 is for one stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as the only heat source. Line 1610 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the same waste water as the heat source. The efficiency of the heat pump using ambient air only as a heat source is independent of the temperature of the wastewater and has a COP of 4.17. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as a heat source is 8.06. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of single stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as a heat source is 14.53. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the waste water as a heat source is much higher.

[0143] FIG. 17: Simulation results for a typical house in Berlin in the summer in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention. The lines show the coefficient of performance COP (defined as heat supplied divided by the amount of electricity used). Line 1616 is for one stage heating using a heat pump with ambient air as the only heat source for ambient air temperature 22 degrees C. Line 1614 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as the heat source for ambient air temperature 22 degrees C. Line 1612 is for one stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as the only heat source for ambient air temperature 22 degrees C. Line 1610 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the same waste water as the heat source for air temperature 22 degrees C. Line 1624 is for one stage heating using a heat pump with ambient air as the only heat source for ambient air temperature 0 degrees C. Line 1622 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as the heat source for ambient air temperature 0 degrees C. Line 1620 is for one stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as the only heat source for ambient air temperature 0 degrees C. Line 1618 is for two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the same waste water as the heat source for air temperature 0 degrees C. The efficiency of the heat pump using ambient air only as a heat source is independent of the temperature of the wastewater and has a COP of 4.17. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with ambient air as a heat source is 8.06. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of single stage heat using a heat pump with waste water as a heat source is 14.53. For the waste water heat source at 30 degrees (vertical line) the COP of two stage heat using warm waste water for preheating and using a heat pump with the waste water as a heat source is much higher.

[0144] While the invention has been described in its preferred form or embodiment with some degree of particularity, it is understood that this description has been given only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction, fabrication, and use, including the combination and arrangement of parts, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0145] GENERAL

[0146] It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant building technologies, artificial intelligence methodologies, computer user interfaces, image capture devices will be developed and the scope of the terms for design elements, analysis routines, user devices is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

[0147] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and / or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and / or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

[0148] As used herein the term “about” refers to ± 10%

[0149] The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", “having” and their conjugates mean "including but not limited to".

[0150] The term “consisting of’ means “including and limited to”.

[0151] The term "consisting essentially of' means that the composition, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and / or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and / or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

[0152] As used herein, the singular form "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0153] As used herein, the terms “multiple” and “multi” are used interchangeably, and refer to at least one, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, etc.

[0154] Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0155] Whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited numeral (fractional or integral) within the indicated range. The phrases “ranging / ranges between” a first indicate number and a second indicate number and “ranging / ranges from” a first indicate number “to” a second indicate number are used herein interchangeably and are meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween.

[0156] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

[0157] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

[0158] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A transportable sanitary system, comprising: a hot water tank configured for heat collection and storage; a grey water tank configured for heat collection; and at least one heat exchanger configured for collecting heat from said grey water tank and transferring the collected heat to the hot water tank.

2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the grey water tank is configured for the collection of grey water from a first sanitary fixture.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein said first sanitary fixture is included in said transportable sanitary system.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein said first sanitary fixture is a shower, sink, or washing machine.

5. The system according to claim 3, wherein said grey water is configured for use in a second sanitary fixture.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein said second sanitary fixture is included in said transportable sanitary system.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein said second sanitary fixture is a toilet or urinal.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger employs at least one mode of heat collection selected from water channels, gas channels, and surfaces with solar selective coating functioning as solar collectors.

9. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger configured to collect heat from circulating water.

10. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat pump connected to said heat exchanger for performing said transferring.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transferring is boosted by a designated mechanism configured for disrupting boundary layers, enhancing fluid mixing, and improving surface contact between the heat exchanger and a heat transfer medium.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the designated mechanism reuses parasitic vibrations from other mechanical parts.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein said transportable sanitary system includes a solar thermal panel.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured for off-grid use, on grid use, and remote sanitation needs.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy.

16. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured to fit on a mobile platform.

17. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured to connect to at least one additional transportable sanitary system.

18. The system according to claim 5, wherein the grey water is filtered or treated prior to use.

19. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system in multi-modal configured for off-grid use, on grid use, and remote sanitation needs.

20. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a water circulation pump.

21. The system according to claim 20, wherein the water circulation pump is powered by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel.

22. The system according to claim 20, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy.

23. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured to connect to at least one additional heat source.

24. A method for heat management in a transportable sanitary system, comprising: collecting heat from grey water produced by a first sanitary fixture of the a transportablesanitary system in a grey water tank and reusing the heat in a second sanitary fixture in the transportable sanitary system.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising collecting grey water in the grey water tank.

26. The method according to claim 24, wherein said collecting is via a heat pump.

27. The method according to claim 24, further comprising reusing the grey water as a water source for at least one sanitary fixture of transportable sanitary system.

28. The method according to claim 24, further comprising using the transportable sanitary system off-grid, on grid use, and for remote sanitation needs.

29. The method according to claim 24, wherein the transportable sanitary system is configured for water and heat reuse for long-term autonomy.

30. The method according to claim 24, further comprising transporting the transportable sanitary system on a mobile platform.

31. The method according to claim 24, further comprising connecting the transportable sanitary system to at least one additional transportable sanitary system.

32. The method according to claim 24 further comprising circulating the grey water using a water circulation pump.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein powering the water circulation pump by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel.

34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the collecting heat from grey water is from a shower, sink, toilet, urinal, or washing machine.

35. The method according to claim 34, further comprising filtering or treating the grey water prior to use.

36. The method according to claim 33, further comprising circulating the grey water using a water circulation pump.

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein powering the water circulation pump by energy directly or indirectly generated by a photovoltaic solar panel.

38. The method according to claim 33, further comprising using the transportable sanitary system off-grid, on grid use, and for remote sanitation needs.

39. A method for water reuse in a transportable sanitary system, the method comprising: collecting grey water from a grey water source located within the transportable sanitary system; storing the collected grey water in a grey water tank; and supplying the grey water from the grey water tank to a sanitary fixture located within the transportable sanitary system for use therein.

40. The method according to claim 39, further comprising transporting the transportable sanitary system on a mobile platform.

Images