Method and device for supporting wireless access without location information in non-terrestrial network

Abstract

Provided are a method for performing wireless communication and a device supporting same. The method may comprise the steps in which: a first device obtains information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation scheme; on the basis of the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation scheme, the first device applies one of a first compensation scheme not based on location information and a second compensation scheme based on the location information to at least one of a time offset and a frequency offset; and the first device communicates with a second device on the basis of the applied first compensation scheme or second compensation scheme. For example, the location information may be at least one of location information of the first device and location information of the second device.

Description

Method and device for supporting wireless access without location information in a non-terrestrial network

[0001] The present disclosure relates to non-terrestrial networks. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for supporting wireless access without location information in a non-terrestrial network.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step in which a first device obtains information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; a step in which the first device applies one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and a step in which the first device communicates with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; to apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and to perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a second device transmitting information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method to a first device. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. For example, the method may include the step of the second device performing communication with the first device based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may be made to transmit to the first device information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may be made to transmit to the first device information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on the location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may cause the first device to transmit information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 shows an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 shows examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 shows examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 shows an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 shows an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 shows an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 shows an example of a variable between a ground network and a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 25 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 26 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 27 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 28 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0042] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0043] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0044] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0045] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0046] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0047] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0048] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0049] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0050] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0051] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0052] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0053] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0055] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0056] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0057] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0058] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0059] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0060] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0061] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0062] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0063] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0064] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0065] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0066] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0067] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0068] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0069] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0071] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0072] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0073] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0074] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0075] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0076] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0078] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0079] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0080] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0082] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0083] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0084] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0085] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0086] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0087] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0088] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0089] - Optical wireless technology

[0090] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0091] - Quantum communication

[0092] - Cell-free communication

[0093] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0094] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0095] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0096] - Big data analysis

[0097] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0098] - Metaverse

[0099] - blockchain

[0100] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0101] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0102] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0103] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0104] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0105] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0107] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0108] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may generally include the following elements.

[0109] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks

[0110] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0111] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0112] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerated (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a given service area, typically defined by a line of sight. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the line of sight of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, for a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Thus, the repeating waveform signal in the payload may not be altered. For example, for a regenerated payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This can effectively be equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all base station functions.

[0113] - Optionally, Inter-satellite Link (ISL)

[0114] - User equipment can be serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0115] FIG. 10 illustrates examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of a regenerated payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. An embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 10(a), for example, the satellite / HAPS can perform only the role of a simple repeater, receive uplink signals from the UE and transmit them to the Gateway, and relay downlink signals generated at the Gateway back to the UE. Here, for example, communication between the UE and the satellite can use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the Gateway can use NR radio frequency f2. For example, the actual 5G radio access network (e.g., 5G RAN) function is deployed at the Gateway terminal located on the ground or at a ground base station (e.g., gNB), and can be coupled with the 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN). Therefore, for example, the satellite can operate as a simple transponder structure that transparently transmits signals at the physical layer level without performing separate signal processing functions. For example, the transparent payload of FIG. 10(a) may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 8. For example, the transparent payload of Fig. 10(a) may be related to the NTN architecture discussed in 3GPP Rel-17 and Rel-18.

[0117] Referring to FIG. 10(b), for example, the satellite / HAPS itself may be equipped with 5G RAN functions and may possess payload processing capabilities that include base station functions, rather than being a simple repeater. For example, communication between the UE and the satellite may use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the gateway may use NR radio frequency f2. Here, for example, the gateway is connected to a 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN), and since the satellite can directly provide RAN functions to the UE, it can replace or supplement a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, since the satellite has a structure that transmits NR signals after receiving, demodulating, and processing them, rather than simply relaying them, more intelligent wireless resource control and quality of service management are possible. For example, the regeneration payload in FIG. 10(b) may be related to the regeneration payload in FIG. 9. For example, the replay payload of Fig. 10 (b) may be related to the NTN architecture that can be discussed in 3GPP Rel-19 and thereafter.

[0118] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 11, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 11 may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 10 (a).

[0120] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 12, for example, a UE can communicate with a satellite via a wireless interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite can transmit a signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, the satellite can extend the wireless segment to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and the subsequent procedure can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 12 may be related to the replay payload of FIG. 10 (b).

[0122] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, in step S1310, the base station can schedule downlink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, a transport layer, a downlink precoder, an MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PDSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0124] For example, in step S1320, the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI: Downlink Control Information) for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0125] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, Rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, Antenna port(s), Transmission configuration indication (TCI), SRS request, DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) sequence initialization

[0126] For example, the number of DMRS ports can be scheduled according to each state indicated in the antenna port(s) field, and SU (Single-user) / MU (Multi-user) transmission scheduling can also be performed.

[0127] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and the QCL for the DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0128] For example, in step S1330, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0129] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, it can decode the PDCCH according to instructions from the corresponding DCI.

[0130] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the terminal may have a DMRS configuration type set by the upper layer parameter 'dmrs-Type', and the DMRS type may be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the terminal may have a maximum number of front-loaded DMRA symbols for the PDSCH set by the upper layer parameter 'maxLength'.

[0131] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 1, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 9, 10, 11 or 30} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0132] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 2, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 10, or 23} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0133] For example, when a terminal receives PDSCH, the precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a consecutive block of resources in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to one of the values ​​{2, 4, broadband}.

[0134] For example, if P' is determined to be broadband, the terminal does not expect to be scheduled with non-contiguous PRBs, and the terminal can assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0135] For example, if P' is determined to be either {2 or 4}, the Precoding Resource Block Group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, the UE may assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within the PRG.

[0136] For example, to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within the PDSCH, the terminal can first read the 5-bit MCD field within the DCI and determine the modulation order and target code rate. Then, it can read the redundancy version field within the DCI and determine the redundancy version. Then, the terminal can determine the transport block size using the number of layers and the total number of allocated PRBs before rate matching.

[0137] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0138] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, in step S1410, the base station can schedule uplink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transport layer, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PUSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0139] For example, in step S1420, the terminal may receive a DCI on the PDCCH for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PUSCH) from the base station.

[0140] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: DCI format identifier, UL / SUL (Supplementary uplink) indicator, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, Frequency hopping flag, Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), Precoding information and number of layers, Antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) indicator

[0141] For example, the SRS resource indicator field may indicate SRS resources configured within the SRS resource set associated with the upper-level parameter 'usage'. For instance, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be set for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0142] For example, in step S1430, the terminal can transmit uplink data to the base station over PUSCH.

[0143] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, it can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions given by the DCI.

[0144] For example, two transmission methods (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission) may be supported:

[0145] i) For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal can be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal can be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, if PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, the PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0146] For example, in the case of codebook-based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, if this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the terminal can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on SRI, TPMI (transmit precoding matrix indicator), and transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS resource indicator field and the precoding information and number of layers fields. For example, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to the SRS resource selected by SRI when multiple SRS resources are set. For example, when a single SRS resource is set, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to that single SRS resource. For example, a transmission precoder may be selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the upper layer parameter 'nrofSRS-Ports'. For example, when the upper layer set to 'codebook' is set to the parameter 'txConfig', the terminal may have at least one SRS resource configured. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS resource may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0147] ii) For example, in the case of non-codebook-based transmission, PUSCH may be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the terminal may determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on a broadband SRI, where the SRI may be given by an SRS resource indicator within the DCI or by the upper layer parameter 'srs-ResourceIndicator'. For example, the terminal utilizes one or multiple SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources may be configured for simultaneous transmission within the same RB based on UE capabilities. For example, only one SRS port may be configured per SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource may be configured with the upper layer parameter 'usage' set to 'nonCodebook'. For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be set for non-codebook-based uplink transmissions may be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0148] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0149] Referring to Fig. 15, examples according to NTN platform types can be shown. For example, examples according to NTN platform types may be HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station), LEO (Low Earth orbit), MEO (Medium Earth orbit), or GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit).

[0150] For example, parameters related to the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 20 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 5-200 km.

[0151] For example, parameters related to LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 300–1500 km. For example, the beam footprint size of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 100–1000 km. For example, the satellite velocity of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0152] For example, parameters related to MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 7,000–25,000 km. For example, the beam footprint size of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 100–1,500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0153] For example, parameters related to the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 35,786 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 200-3,500 km. For example, the satellite velocity of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 3.1 km / sec (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 541.46 msec.

[0154] For example, to effectively operate an NTN with a very long RTT, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac may be introduced.

[0155] FIG. 16 illustrates examples of K_offset and K_mac according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0156] Referring to FIG. 16, examples of K_offset and K_mac may be shown. For example, the service link RTT may be the RTT between the terminal and the satellite. For example, the feeder link RTT may be the RTT between the satellite and the base station. For example, the common TA may be the TA between the satellite and the RP. For example, K_offset may be an offset value representing the RTT of the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, K_offset may represent the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, K_mac may be an offset value representing the RTT between the RP and the gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT can mean the sum of the common TA (if indicated) and K_mac.

[0157] FIG. 17 illustrates examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 17, a terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays on the service link, and a common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays between the RP (reference point) and the satellite.

[0159] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, a terminal can calculate a TA based on the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) capabilities (e.g., terminal location) and orbit-related upper-layer parameters transmitted from a base station, which may be referred to as the terminal-specific TA (NUETA,adj). For example, if orbit-related upper-layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA may be set to 0. For example, a TA obtained based on common TA parameters (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which are upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, may be referred to as the common TA (NcommonTA,adj). For example, if common TA parameters are not transmitted from the base station, the common TA may be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (TTA) can be obtained as "(NTA + NTA,offset + NcommonTA,adj + NUETA,adj)*Tc". For example, NTA,offset may refer to a TA offset value provided to the terminal per serving cell, and NTA may refer to a value obtained based on a timing advance command.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, in Rel-17 NTN, the terminal can calculate the TA itself based on the terminal's GNSS capability and base station guidance information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be designated as a terminal-specific (UE-specific) TA. For example, a TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be designated as a common TA, and the final TA based thereon can be based on FIG. 18 and the description related to FIG. 18.

[0161] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 18, the uplink frame number i for a transmission from the UE can start T_"TA" = (N_"TA" + N_"TA,offset" + N_"TA,adj" ^"common" + N_"TA,adj" ^"UE" ) T_"c" before the start of the corresponding downlink frame from the UE, where

[0163] - N_"TA" and N_"TA,offset" may be given in Section 4.2 of TS 38.213 and may be excluded for msgA transmissions over PUSCH where N_"TA" = 0 must be used;

[0164] - N_"TA,adj" ^"common" can be derived from the upper-level parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation if indicated, otherwise N_"TA,adj" ^"common" = 0;

[0165] - N_"TA,adj" ^"UE" can be calculated by the UE position and serving-satellite-orbit-related upper-layer parameters by the UE if indicated, otherwise N_"TA,adj" ^"UE" = 0.

[0166] For example, there may be TA misalignment.

[0167] For example, in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur if the gNB does not receive TA reports, if existing TA reports are outdated, or if the granularity of the TA reports is insufficient. For example, if the UE does not perform TA reporting at all, the gNB cannot set several key scheduling variables (e.g., K_(cell,offset), K_(UE,offset)), so the above scenario (e.g., no TA reporting) may not be considered a feasible scenario. Therefore, assuming the UE performs TA reporting, the magnitude of TA mismatches caused by TA report obsolescence and / or TA report granularity may need to be addressed. For example, when the UE performs TA reporting in NR NTN, TA mismatches may occur primarily due to outdated TA reports and / or coarse TA report granularity. For example, to support HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE, the issue of quantitative level TA misalignment between gNB and UE may need to be addressed.

[0168] Meanwhile, differences resulting from outdated TA reporting may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to RTT differences depending on the UE location within the cell (e.g., the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA).

[0169] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0170] Referring to Fig. 19, for example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS.

[0171] For example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) is within approximately 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with a 15 kHz SCS. For example, considering that the TA reported granularity of NTN is 1 ms (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS), in the LEO example, the main cause of the TA discrepancy may be the TA reported granularity rather than the old TA reported. For example, for an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA may be smaller than the TA reported granularity (e.g., 1 ms). For example, in the case of HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, issues regarding the enhanced TA reporting mechanism, particularly TA reporting granularity, may need to be addressed.

[0172] For example, there may be a DL / UL collision under TA misalignment.

[0173] When comparing the timing advances of NTN and TN due to satellite movement, the timing advance of the service link between the satellite and the UE can be estimated by the UE itself. For example, the gNB can obtain the TA value through TA reporting, but due to the current 1ms granularity reported by the TA, the gNB cannot obtain the exact TA used by the UE, and the UE side cannot know when or which transmission will collide. For example, since the rule for when a DL reception collides with a UL transmission is intended to avoid collisions through gNB scheduling, the NTN gNB may experience difficulties in determining whether the UE is in an uplink slot or a downlink slot.

[0174] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information through system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be composed of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be composed of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0175] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0176] Referring to FIG. 20, information related to the orbital parameter orbit format (e.g., ephemeral information) includes the semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], the eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예를 들어, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예를 들어, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0177] Recently, active research has been conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial (NTN) networks that utilize satellites, drones, and other devices as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTN can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which possess geosynchronous orbits (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not possess geosynchronous orbits (Non-GSO, NGSO). Additionally, satellites can be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) based on their altitude. In the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods, which offer relatively lower costs and higher data transmission rates, are primarily being researched. However, LEO satellites are NGSO satellites and are characterized by very high speeds required to maintain their orbits due to their proximity to the Earth's surface. Therefore, to provide services to ground terminals via LEO satellites, it is necessary to overcome Doppler shifts caused by high relative velocities and / or significant time delays associated with high altitudes.

[0178] Recently, active research has been conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial (NTN) networks that utilize satellites, drones, and the like as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTN can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which have a geosynchronous orbit (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not have a geosynchronous orbit (Non-GSO). Additionally, satellites can be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) depending on their altitude. In the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods, which offer relatively lower costs and higher data transmission rates, are primarily being researched. Here, the aforementioned satellite-based non-terrestrial networks may possess channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative velocity.

[0179] Here, for example, channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift may be expressed in the form of TO (time offset) and / or FO (frequency offset) for the wireless link and / or wireless channel between a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and a terminal. Here, for example, the TO and / or FO may be pre- and / or post-compensated at the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or terminal. Here, for example, in the relevant technology, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or terminal pre- and / or post-compensated the TO and / or FO by utilizing location information. For example, the terminal may perform pre- and / or post-compensation for the TO and / or FO by utilizing the satellite's ephemeris information and its own location information. Here, for example, the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) utilization capability may be required to support the location information-based TO and / or FO compensation. For example, the terminal can obtain its own location information through GNSS and use it for TO and / or FO compensation. Here, for example, there may be cases where the terminal cannot utilize the GNSS. For example, the above cases may include cases where the terminal lacks the capability to utilize GNSS and / or where GNSS signals do not arrive and / or where the reliability of the GNSS signals is low.

[0180] In non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments, large time offsets (TO) and frequency offsets (FO) may occur in radio channels due to the high altitude and fast relative movement speed of satellites, and if these are not properly compensated for, uplink and downlink communication performance may be significantly degraded.

[0181] In related technologies, compensation methods based on position information and / or satellite navigation systems (GNSS) have been primarily considered for such TO and / or FO compensation, but the following problems may exist.

[0182] - Problem of uncertainty regarding GNSS availability: Even if the terminal determines that the reception status of the GNSS signal is good, inaccurate location information may actually be provided due to spoofing or other factors, and in this case, it is difficult for the terminal itself to accurately determine the reliability of the GNSS-based compensation method.

[0183] - Problem with the uniform priority application of GNSS-based compensation methods: Even when GNSS is determined to be available, there may be situations where the reliability of GNSS-based position information is degraded at the level of specific cells or specific beams, and in such cases, if the GNSS-based compensation method is continuously applied, TO and / or FO compensation errors may accumulate.

[0184] - Problem of differing requirements by physical channel / transmission type: Even though the acceptable (residual) TO and / or FO requirements differ depending on the physical channel, transmission resource, or transmission type, if a single compensation method is applied uniformly, a problem may arise where the requirements are not satisfied in certain transmissions.

[0185] Therefore, excluding the premise that GNSS-based compensation methods must always be prioritized, a control mechanism may be required that allows the terminal and / or network to select / apply a compensation method suitable for the situation among multiple TO / FO compensation methods.

[0186] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for supporting wireless access without location information in a non-terrestrial network may be proposed.

[0187] The proposed method(s) of the present disclosure are described below with non-terrestrial networks as embodiments, but the proposed method(s) of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to terrestrial networks as well.

[0188] [Proposed Method #01] In a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) may (pre-)define and / or set and / or instruct a terminal to have a TO and / or FO compensation function (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation function) having time as a variable, having at least (auxiliary) a (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter referred to as θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or a time (hereinafter referred to as t0) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved as an (auxiliary) variable (parameter), and the terminal may perform (pre- and / or post-) compensation for TO and / or FO by utilizing the first compensation function.

[0189] Here, for example, the above θ0 can be replaced with the angle (hereinafter α0) between the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the terminal and the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the satellite when the (maximum) altitude angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0190] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a variable between a ground network and a non-ground network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0191] Referring to FIG. 21, where, for example, the first compensation function may include one or more of the following items as additional (auxiliary) variables.

[0192] (1) Distance from the center of the Earth to the terminal (hereinafter r E )

[0193] (2) Distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite (hereinafter r)

[0194] (3) Radius of the Earth (hereinafter r E )

[0195] (4) Satellite altitude (h)

[0196] (5) Satellite's angular velocity (hereinafter ω s )

[0197] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) may provide to the terminal whether the first compensation function is supported. For example, the support status of the first compensation function may be provided through system information.

[0198] Here, for example, the terminal may provide to a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) whether the first compensation function is supported. For example, the terminal may provide whether the first compensation function is supported when reporting terminal capabilities.

[0199] Here, for example, the value of the above (auxiliary) variable may be determined based on one or more of the following values.

[0200] (1) A value (and / or correction value) that was agreed upon and / or defined in advance

[0201] (2) Values ​​(and / or correction values) set and / or directed by network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites)

[0202] (3) Value (and / or correction value) estimated by the terminal (downlink) (through measurement resources)

[0203] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) may (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct how to determine the corresponding value for a (specific) (auxiliary) variable.

[0204] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0205] Here, for example, the above TO and / or FO can be derived through the relative distance and / or relative velocity between the satellite and the terminal, respectively. For example, assuming an earth-centered fixed coordinate system, the relative distance between the satellite and the terminal over time can be expressed as follows [Equation 1].

[0206] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] Here, for example, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the terminal, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite, is the satellite's angular velocity, is the (maximum) elevation angle (between terminal and satellite), represents the time taken to achieve the (maximum) altitude angle (between the terminal and the satellite). Meanwhile, the relative speed can be expressed as follows [Equation 2].

[0210] [Mathematical Formula 2]

[0211]

[0212] Here, for example, according to the relationship between relative velocity and Doppler shift, the Doppler shift can be expressed as follows [Equation 3].

[0213] [Mathematical Formula 3]

[0214]

[0215] Here, for example, ε₀ represents the center frequency, and c represents the speed of light. Here, for example, the TO compensation function can be derived from a mathematical formula dividing the relative distance by the speed of light, and the FO compensation function can be derived from the mathematical formula for the Doppler shift. Accordingly, the TO and / or FO compensation functions can be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ₀) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t₀) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, the terminal knows the θ₀ and / or t₀ information regarding the (specific) satellite and / or satellite orbit, and the remaining (auxiliary) variable(s) (e.g., r, r₀) E , ω s When ) is (pre)defined and / or configurable, the TO and / or FO compensation function for the satellite can be expressed as a function of time.

[0216] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network may (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct a terminal to (pre) define and / or set and / or instruct a TO and / or FO compensation function (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation function) having time as a variable, having at least (auxiliary) variables (parameters) a (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter referred to as θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved, and the terminal may perform (pre- and / or post-) compensation for TO and / or FO using the first compensation function. Here, for example, the θ0 and / or t0 information (hereinafter referred to as the first (auxiliary) variable) may be set and / or instructed by the network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) or may be directly estimated by the terminal through Doppler measurement, etc. Here, for example, the first compensation function may have remaining (auxiliary) variable(s) (hereinafter referred to as second (auxiliary) variables) other than the θ0 and / or t0 information. For example, the second (auxiliary) variable(s) may include the distance from the center of the Earth to the terminal, the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite, the radius of the Earth, the altitude of the satellite, the angular velocity of the satellite, etc. Here, for example, the second (auxiliary) variable(s) may be values ​​that are separately set and / or indicated or (pre)defined.

[0217] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite, there is an advantage in that a TO and / or FO compensation function for the wireless channel can be easily derived with only a small number of key parameters obtained and / or derived. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage of supporting the derivation and utilization of a TO and / or FO compensation function (over time) even for a terminal in a non-terrestrial network where location information and / or satellite navigation system utilization is impossible, thereby supporting smooth wireless communication.

[0218] The above [Proposed Plan #01] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0219] [Proposed Method #02] In a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct a terminal to (pre) define and / or set and / or instruct information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0220] Here, for example, the above θ0 can be replaced with the angle (hereinafter α0) between the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the terminal and the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the satellite when the (maximum) altitude angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0221] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can derive θ0 and / or t0 for a reference point representing the service area of ​​a (specific) cell and / or beam, and can provide the relevant information to the terminal.

[0222] Here, for example, the terminal may utilize the information related to the θ0 and / or t0 for (pre- and / or post-) compensation for TO and / or FO.

[0223] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0224] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function can be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. Here, for example, the information regarding θ0 and / or t0 (hereinafter the first (auxiliary) variable) can be estimated by the terminal through multiple Doppler shift measurements, etc. However, the process of estimating the first (auxiliary) variable by the terminal may require a relatively long measurement time, and this may cause a time delay until the TO and / or FO compensation function is derived. For example, when the terminal is in the initial connection process, the terminal may perform estimation of the first (auxiliary) variable using a synchronization signal, etc., but if the transmission period of the synchronization signal is long and it takes time to collect a sufficient number of measurement samples, a time delay may occur during the initial connection process.

[0225] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network may (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct a terminal regarding information related to (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) (per cell and / or per beam) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, the network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) may derive the θ0 and / or t0 information by utilizing a reference point representing the service area of ​​a (specific) cell and / or beam and its own location and / or orbit information, and may provide said information to the terminal through system information, etc. Here, for example, the terminal may obtain the θ0 and / or t0 through system information, etc. and derive a TO and / or FO compensation function based thereon. For example, the above TO and / or FO compensation function can be utilized during the transmission and / or reception of wireless signals during the initial connection process of the terminal.

[0226] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage that a TO and / or FO compensation function for the wireless channel can be easily derived with only a small number of key parameters obtained and / or derived. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) efficiently provides a small number of key parameters to the terminal through system information, etc., and the terminal can perform a smooth initial connection process by deriving and utilizing a TO and / or FO compensation function (over time) based on the key parameters even when location information is unavailable.

[0227] The above [Proposed Plan #02] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0228] [Proposed Method #03] A terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network may report information related to the (max) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between terminal and satellite) (per cell and / or per beam) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) when the (max) elevation angle (between terminal and satellite) is achieved.

[0229] Here, for example, the above θ0 can be replaced with the angle (hereinafter α0) between the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the terminal and the straight line / segment connecting the center of the Earth and the satellite when the (maximum) altitude angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0230] Here, for example, the terminal can derive θ0 and / or t0 based on position information (according to a satellite navigation system) and / or measurement results (for a Doppler shift), and can provide the relevant information to a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite).

[0231] Here, for example, the terminal may utilize the information related to the θ0 and / or t0 for (pre- and / or post-) compensation for TO and / or FO.

[0232] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can set and / or instruct the terminal to report to the terminal.

[0233] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0234] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function may be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. Here, for example, the θ0 and / or t0 information (hereinafter the first (auxiliary) variable) may be provided to the terminal by a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite), or the terminal may estimate it directly through location information and / or Doppler shift measurements, etc. Here, for example, if the terminal estimates the θ0 and / or t0 information, it may be desirable to report the estimated θ0 and / or t0 information to the network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite). For example, the terminal can derive a TO and / or FO compensation function based on the θ0 and / or t0 information and apply it to the prior compensation of TO and / or FO. Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can obtain the TO and / or FO information prior compensated by the terminal based on the θ0 and / or t0 information reported by the terminal and utilize it for uplink reception and / or scheduling, etc. Additionally, the θ0 and / or t0 information reported by the terminal can be transmitted through the network node to a higher-level network function (e.g., a location management function) and utilized for the terminal's positioning or localization. Alternatively, the θ0 and / or t0 information reported by the terminal may be collected by cell and / or beam and utilized by the network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) to derive representative θ0 and / or t0 values ​​for the corresponding cell and / or beam. Representative values ​​for the above θ0 and / or t0 are provided through system information, etc., and can be used by the terminal to derive TO and / or FO compensation functions during the initial connection process.

[0235] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network may report information related to a (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) (per cell and / or per beam) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0236] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage that a TO and / or FO compensation function for the wireless channel can be easily derived with only a small number of key parameters obtained and / or derived. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage that by reporting the key parameters estimated by the terminal to a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite), the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can predict the TO and / or FO compensation function using the key parameters, and thereby the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can determine representative parameters (for the TO and / or FO compensation function) per cell and / or beam, obtain the uplink transmission time of the terminal, estimate the location information of the terminal, and predict the service time of the terminal.

[0237] The above [Proposed Plan #03] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0238] [Proposed Method #04] A terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can determine whether a (specific) network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) supports a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) (which does not utilize location information) by utilizing one or more of the following information.

[0239] (1) Satellite type and / or altitude and / or angular velocity information

[0240] (2) Synchronization signal resource setting information

[0241] (3) Settings and / or instructions regarding support for the first compensation method

[0242] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) may set and / or instruct the terminal one or more of the following information.

[0243] (1) Type of satellite and / or altitude and / or angular velocity

[0244] (2) Synchronization signal resource setting

[0245] (3) Whether the first compensation method is supported

[0246] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0247] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function may be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, more generally, a TO and / or FO compensation method that does not utilize location information (hereinafter the first compensation method) may be supported. Here, for example, the first compensation method may not be a method applied to any satellite. For example, it may be applicable only when the satellite orbits at a high speed along a specific orbit relative to the center of the Earth, such as an LEO satellite. Here, for example, since the first compensation method may or may not be supported for any network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite), the terminal needs to check whether the first compensation method is supported for a (specific) network node. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network may determine whether a (specific) network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) supports a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) (which does not utilize location information) by utilizing one or more of the following information.

[0248] (1) Satellite type and / or altitude and / or angular velocity information

[0249] (2) Synchronization signal resource setting information

[0250] (3) Settings and / or instructions regarding support for the first compensation method

[0251] For example, if the terminal is a LEO satellite and information on the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved is provided, or if a synchronization signal resource setting suitable for estimating said information is guaranteed, it may be determined that the first compensation method is applicable to said satellite. Alternatively, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) may implicitly and / or explicitly provide whether the first compensation method is supported, and the terminal may determine whether the first compensation method is supported based on said support.

[0252] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage in that it can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage of aligning the understanding of applicable TO and / or FO compensation methods between the terminal and the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) by supporting a process of determining the first compensation method for a (specific) network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) before the terminal applies the first compensation method. Through this, the terminal can apply a TO and / or FO compensation method at a level required by the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) without arbitrarily applying a TO and / or FO compensation method that the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) does not expect.

[0253] The above [Proposed Plan #04] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0254] [Proposed Method #05] When a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information, the terminal may report and / or request one or more of the following information to the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) in relation to the first compensation method.

[0255] (1) Whether the first compensation method is supported

[0256] (2) Utilization status of the first compensation method

[0257] (3) Validity time and / or timer information of the first compensation method

[0258] (4) Accuracy and / or reliability information of the first compensation method

[0259] (5) Whether and / or when the first compensation method is updated

[0260] (6) Resource setting information (measurement) required when updating the first reward method

[0261] (7) Request for transfer of (measurement) resources for updating the first compensation method

[0262] Here, for example, the location information may refer to the location information of a network node (e.g., a base station and / or satellite) and / or a terminal.

[0263] Here, for example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require the terminal to have the capability to utilize a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS).

[0264] Here, for example, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) may set up and / or instruct the terminal to report and / or request the terminal.

[0265] Here, for example, the above (measurement) resource may be a resource for Doppler shift measurement.

[0266] Here, for example, the above (measurement) resource setting information may include (minimum and / or maximum) (measurement) time intervals and / or (minimum and / or maximum) number of (measurement) resources and / or (minimum and / or maximum) intervals between (measurement) resources, etc.

[0267] Here, for example, when reporting on the location information and / or the satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status (e.g., available or unavailable), the terminal may report together including information on the time during which the status is maintained.

[0268] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0269] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function may be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, more generally, a TO and / or FO compensation method that does not utilize location information (hereinafter the first compensation method) may be supported. Here, for example, the terminal may report information regarding the support status and / or utilization status and / or accuracy and / or reliability of the first compensation method to a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite), and the network node may set and / or instruct the application of the first compensation method based on the information reported by the terminal. Here, for example, the first compensation method may be managed by the terminal updating key parameters through (measurement) resources. For example, the terminal may estimate the θ0 and / or t0 information by utilizing location information (based on a satellite navigation system, etc.) and / or Doppler shift measurement results (based on measurement resources), and thereby update the first compensation method. Here, for example, the first compensation method may be valid only within a certain time from the point in time when the terminal updates the key parameters. Therefore, when the terminal performs TO and / or FO compensation according to the first compensation method, it may be desirable to report information regarding whether the first compensation method is updated and / or the time of the update, as well as the validity period and / or timer, to a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite). For example, the network node may transmit the (measurement) resources necessary for updating the first compensation time before the validity period for the first compensation time expires.Here, for example, the terminal may request transmission of a (measurement) resource for updating the first compensation method and may report necessary configuration information regarding the (measurement) resource to the network node. For example, the (measurement) resource configuration information may include (minimum and / or maximum) (measurement) time intervals and / or (minimum and / or maximum) number of (measurement) resources and / or (minimum and / or maximum) intervals between (measurement) resources, etc.

[0270] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage in that it can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information. Here, for example, when the terminal can support the first compensation method, the proposed method of the present disclosure supports an operation of reporting and / or requesting to a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) terminal capabilities related to the first compensation method, preconditions for applying the first compensation method, and constraints of the first compensation method, and thereby has the advantage of making it easier for the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) to determine and / or manage whether to apply the first compensation method.

[0271] The above [Proposed Plan #05] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0272] [Proposed Method #06] When a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) (which does not utilize location information), the terminal can determine whether to apply the first compensation method based on location information and / or satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status information, or can trigger a terminal report and / or request related to the first compensation method.

[0273] Here, for example, the location information may refer to the location information of a network node (e.g., a base station and / or satellite) and / or a terminal.

[0274] Here, for example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require the terminal to have the capability to utilize a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS).

[0275] Here, for example, if the terminal is unable to utilize location information and / or a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) (for a certain period of time) (continuously and / or at a certain rate and / or more than a certain number of times), it may determine whether to apply the first compensation method and / or trigger a terminal report and / or request related to the first compensation method.

[0276] Here, for example, the terminal may report location information and / or satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status to a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite).

[0277] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0278] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function may be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, more generally, a TO and / or FO compensation method that does not utilize location information (hereinafter the first compensation method) may be supported. Here, for example, the first compensation method may be operated in conjunction with the utilization status of location information. For example, the terminal may determine whether to apply the first compensation method based on location information and / or satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status information, and / or trigger a terminal report and / or request related to the first compensation method. For example, if the terminal is unable to utilize location information and / or a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) (for a certain period of time) (continuously and / or at a certain rate and / or more than a certain number of times), it may determine whether to apply the first compensation method and / or trigger a terminal report and / or request related to the first compensation method. Here, for example, the certain period of time and / or the certain rate and / or the certain number of times may be values ​​(pre)defined and / or set and / or indicated by a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite). Here, for example, the terminal may report the status of utilization of location information and / or a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) to the network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite).

[0279] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage in that it can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information. Here, for example, when the terminal can support the first compensation method, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage of supporting the application of the first compensation method and / or a terminal report and / or request related to the first compensation method based on location information and / or satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status information, thereby enabling the first compensation method to be naturally applied when required without separate signaling. In addition, by sharing location information and / or satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS) utilization status information between the terminal and the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite), it is possible to support having the same understanding of the utilization status of the first compensation method.

[0280] The above [Proposed Plan #06] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0281] In non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments, large time offsets (TO) and frequency offsets (FO) may occur in radio channels due to the high altitude and fast relative movement speed of satellites, and if these are not properly compensated for, uplink and downlink communication performance may be significantly degraded.

[0282] In related technologies, compensation methods based on position information and / or satellite navigation systems (GNSS) have been primarily considered for such TO and / or FO compensation, but the following problems may exist.

[0283] - Problem of uncertainty regarding GNSS availability: Even if the terminal determines that the reception status of the GNSS signal is good, inaccurate location information may actually be provided due to spoofing or other factors, and in this case, it is difficult for the terminal itself to accurately determine the reliability of the GNSS-based compensation method.

[0284] - Problem with the uniform priority application of GNSS-based compensation methods: Even when GNSS is determined to be available, there may be situations where the reliability of GNSS-based position information is degraded at the level of specific cells or specific beams, and in such cases, if the GNSS-based compensation method is continuously applied, TO and / or FO compensation errors may accumulate.

[0285] - Problem of differing requirements by physical channel / transmission type: Even though the acceptable (residual) TO and / or FO requirements differ depending on the physical channel, transmission resource, or transmission type, if a single compensation method is applied uniformly, a problem may arise where the requirements are not satisfied in certain transmissions.

[0286] Therefore, excluding the premise that GNSS-based compensation methods must always be prioritized, a control mechanism may be required that allows the terminal and / or network to select / apply a compensation method suitable for the situation among multiple TO / FO compensation methods.

[0287] [Proposed Method #07] When a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information and / or a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the second compensation method) that utilizes location information, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct applicable compensation method information (by physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type), and the terminal can apply a compensation method in one or more of the following ways for a (specific) physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type.

[0288] (1) If the terminal does not currently support any of the applicable compensation methods

[0289] A. Omission of transmission and reception for the relevant physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type

[0290] (2) If the terminal supports at least one of the applicable compensation methods (currently)

[0291] A. Selection and / or application of compensation method depending on terminal implementation

[0292] B. (Prior) Selection and / or application of compensation methods based on definitions and / or settings and / or directed priority rules

[0293] Here, for example, the location information may refer to the location information of a network node (e.g., a base station and / or satellite) and / or a terminal.

[0294] Here, for example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require the terminal to have the capability to utilize a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS).

[0295] Here, for example, the second compensation method may be a compensation method that requires the terminal to have the capability to utilize a satellite navigation system (e.g., GNSS).

[0296] Here, for example, the terminal requirements (UE requirements) for the first compensation method and the second compensation method may be defined differently. For example, RF requirements and / or (residual) TO / FO requirements and / or performance requirements and / or verification requirements may be different from each other.

[0297] Here, for example, if both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the second compensation method may be applied first.

[0298] Here, for example, the terminal may report preference and / or performance information regarding the first compensation method and the second compensation method.

[0299] Here, for example, the terminal may report to a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) information regarding what compensation method was applied to the transmission during (uplink) transmission.

[0300] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0301] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function may be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. For example, more generally, a TO and / or FO compensation method that does not utilize location information (hereinafter the first compensation method) may be supported. Here, for example, the terminal may also support a TO and / or FO compensation method that utilizes location information (hereinafter the second compensation method). Here, for example, the terminal requirements (UE requirements) for the first compensation method and the second compensation method may be defined differently. For example, RF requirements and / or (residual) TO / FO requirements and / or performance requirements and / or verification requirements may differ from each other. Here, for example, (residual) TO and / or FO requirements may differ depending on the physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type. For example, for transmission types where orthogonal cover code (OCC) is applied, a very small level of (residual) TO and / or FO may need to be maintained to ensure OCC orthogonality. Therefore, suitable TO and / or FO compensation methods may differ depending on the physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type.

[0302] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, when a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) (which does not utilize location information) and / or a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the second compensation method) (which utilizes location information), the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can (pre)define and / or set and / or direct applicable compensation method information (per physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type), and the terminal can apply a compensation method in one or more of the following ways for a (specific) physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type.

[0303] (1) If the terminal does not currently support any of the applicable compensation methods

[0304] A. Omission of transmission and reception for the relevant physical channel and / or transmission resource

[0305] (2) If the terminal supports at least one of the applicable compensation methods (currently)

[0306] A. Selection and / or application of compensation method depending on terminal implementation

[0307] B. (Prior) Selection and / or application of compensation methods based on definitions and / or settings and / or directed priority rules

[0308] For example, if both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable to a (specific) physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission type, the second compensation method based on location information may be applied first because it may be more accurate.

[0309] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite in a non-terrestrial network, there is an advantage in that it can support a TO and / or FO compensation method (hereinafter referred to as the first compensation method) that does not utilize location information. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage of ensuring (uplink) data reception performance at a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) by allowing the permission of the first compensation method and / or the second compensation method to be set / instructed per physical channel and / or transmission resource and / or transmission channel, thereby ensuring that the terminal does not violate the (remaining) TO and / or FO requirements required for the transmission.

[0310] According to the present disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0311] - Inherent response to GNSS reliability issues: The terminal does not determine whether GNSS is available by a simple binary judgment, but can selectively apply a first compensation method or a second compensation method according to the compensation method priority rule provided by the network, so that communication performance degradation can be prevented even in situations such as GNSS spoofing or location information errors.

[0312] - Network-led control effect for GNSS abnormal situations at the cell / beam level: When the reliability of the GNSS-based compensation method deteriorates at the cell or beam level, the network can set a priority rule to prioritize the application of the first compensation method to the area, so consistent control at the network level is possible without relying on individual terminal judgments.

[0313] - Effect of satisfying requirements by physical channel and transmission type: Since a suitable compensation method can be selected / applied according to different (residual) TO and / or FO requirements by physical channel, transmission resource, or transmission type, violation of requirements can be effectively prevented even in transmissions with strict synchronization requirements, such as transmissions with OCC applied.

[0314] - Effect of improving uplink reception performance and system stability: By preventing situations where the compensation method applied by the terminal is inconsistent with the network's expectations and ensuring that the compensation method is applied only within the range allowed by the network, the uplink data reception performance at the network node can be reliably guaranteed.

[0315] The above [Proposed Plan #07] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0316] [Proposed Method #08] A spherical angle (hereinafter A) formed by a first network node (e.g., a first base station and / or a first satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network with the moving trajectory of the first network node and / or a great circle (hereinafter the first great circle) (projected onto the Earth) of the first network node and / or a great circle (hereinafter the second great circle) (projected onto the Earth) of a second network node (e.g., a second base station and / or a second satellite) and / or a location (hereinafter P) where the first great circle and the second great circle overlap, and / or the time (hereinafter t) when the first network node (or the nadir of the first network node) passes through said location. A ) can (pre)define and / or set and / or instruct the terminal, and the terminal can A and / or P and / or t AInformation can be used to perform TO and / or FO (pre- and / or post-) rewards for the second network node.

[0317] Here, for example, the terminal knows information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved for a first network node (e.g., a first base station and / or a first satellite), and the θ0 and / or t0 and / or A and / or P and / or t A Information can be used to derive information on the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ1) for the second network node (e.g., the second base station and / or the second satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t1) when the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved.

[0318] For example, in a non-ground network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, let us assume that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) services a ground and / or air terminal. For example, a base station of the non-ground network may support downlink and / or uplink transmission to a ground terminal via a satellite. Here, for example, the satellite-based non-ground network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative speed, which may result in a time offset (TO) and / or frequency offset (FO) for the radio channel.

[0319] Here, for example, as described in [Proposed Method #01] above, the TO and / or FO compensation function can be determined primarily based on information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved. Here, for example, let us assume that the terminal has derived the θ0 and / or t0 information for a first network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite). Here, for example, a spherical angle (hereinafter A) formed between the movement trajectory of the first network node and / or a great circle (hereinafter the first great circle) (the movement trajectory projected onto the Earth) and the movement trajectory of the second network node (e.g., a second base station and / or a second satellite) and / or a great circle (hereinafter the second great circle) (the movement trajectory projected onto the Earth) and / or a position (hereinafter P) where the first great circle and the second great circle overlap, and / or a time (hereinafter t) when the first network node (or the nadir of the first network node) passes through the position P. A Assuming that ) is known, the terminal above is above A and / or P and / or t A Information can be used to perform TO and / or FO (pre- and / or post-) rewards for the second network node.

[0320] For example, assuming an earth-centered fixed coordinate system, the relative distance between the second network node and the terminal over time can be expressed as follows [Equation 4].

[0321] [Mathematical Formula 4]

[0322]

[0323]

[0324] Here, for example, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the terminal, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the second satellite, is the angular velocity of the second satellite, is the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the second satellite), may refer to the time at which the (maximum) altitude angle is achieved (between the terminal and the second satellite). Here, for example, the above It can be expressed as follows [Equation 5].

[0325] [Mathematical Formula 5]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328] Here, for example, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the terminal, is the distance from the center of the Earth to the first satellite, is the angular velocity of the first satellite, is the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the first satellite), is the time at which the (maximum) altitude angle (between the terminal and the first satellite) is achieved, may refer to the time when the first network node (or the nadir of the first network node) passes the location where the first member and the second member overlap (hereinafter P). Here, for example, the above It can be derived by finding a value that satisfies the following [Equation 6].

[0329] [Mathematical Formula 6]

[0330]

[0331] Accordingly, the terminal knows information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ0) (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time (hereinafter t0) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved for the first network node (e.g., the first base station and / or the first satellite), and the θ0 and / or t0 and / or A and / or P and / or t A By utilizing the information, information regarding the (maximum) elevation angle (hereinafter θ1) and / or the time (hereinafter t1) at which the (maximum) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) is achieved for the second network node (e.g., the second base station and / or the second satellite) can be derived. Through this, a relative distance function for the second network node and a TO and / or FO compensation function based thereon can be derived, as in the method of [Proposed Method #01].

[0332] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs wireless communication with a (specific) satellite, there is an advantage in that a TO and / or FO compensation function for the wireless channel can be easily derived with only a small number of key parameters obtained and / or derived. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure has the advantage of utilizing key parameter information obtained for the first network node and relationship information between the (mobile) orbit of the first network node (e.g., the first base station and / or the first satellite) and the (mobile) orbit of the second network node (e.g., the second base station and / or the second satellite) to obtain key parameters for the second network node, thereby supporting TO and / or FO compensation for the second network node without additional signaling and / or measurement processes.

[0333] The above [Proposed Plan #08] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0334] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0335] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently to the type of non-geostational network node (e.g., GEO (geostationary earth orbit), NGEO (non-geostationary earth orbit), LEO (low earth orbit), MEO (medium earth orbit), HASP (high altitude satellite platform), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0336] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the TDD setting and utilization are not limited to the TDD band, and can be extended to the FDD band and / or a combination of specific DL band and / or UL band.

[0337] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station or network node may be a satellite. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a transparent payload. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a regenerated payload.

[0338] A combination of embodiments of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0339] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (DL, UL, SL) and / or the data type (SIB, group cast, unicast) and / or the search space type (CSS (common search space), USS (UE-specific search space)) where the scheduling PDCCH is detected and / or the base station node type and / or altitude and / or whether there is a power constraint. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when involved in SIB transmission.

[0340] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0341] For example, in this disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced or considered as other names performing the same or similar functions based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0342] FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0343] Referring to FIG. 22, in step S2210, the first device may obtain information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. In step S2220, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, the first device may apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. In step S2230, the first device may communicate with the second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0344] For example, the first compensation method that is not based on the above location information may be a compensation method that is not based on a satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method that is based on the above location information may be a compensation method based on the above satellite navigation system.

[0345] For example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require capabilities related to the satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method may be a compensation method that requires capabilities related to the satellite navigation system.

[0346] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority for applying the first compensation method may be higher than the priority for applying the second compensation method.

[0347] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority of the second compensation method may be higher than the priority of the first compensation method.

[0348] For example, the first device may acquire at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may compensate for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on the elevation angle or at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved.

[0349] For example, the first device may acquire at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may compensate for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on the elevation angle or the at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may transmit to the second device the elevation angle or the at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved.

[0350] For example, the first device may obtain a time offset compensation function. For example, the first device may compensate the time offset based on the time offset compensation function. For example, the time offset compensation function may be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0351]

[0352]

[0353] For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0354] For example, the first device may obtain a frequency offset compensation function. For example, the first device may compensate for the frequency offset based on the frequency offset compensation function. For example, the frequency offset compensation function may be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0355]

[0356]

[0357] For example, the above can be the center frequency. For example, the above can be the speed of light. For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0358] For example, based on the fact that the second device is a low-orbit satellite, the first compensation method may be applied.

[0359] For example, based on the fact that the first compensation method is supported, the first device may transmit to the second device at least one of the validity period associated with the first compensation method or the update time associated with the first compensation method.

[0360] For example, the first compensation method may be applied based on the fact that the above satellite navigation system is unavailable.

[0361] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be at least one of a base station or a satellite. For example, the satellite navigation system may be a GNSS (global navigation satellite system).

[0362] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may obtain information related to priority rules related to a compensation method (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to obtain information related to priority rules related to a compensation method). For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) to apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method). For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may communicate with the second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) to communicate with the second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method). For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0363] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0364] For example, the first compensation method that is not based on the above location information may be a compensation method that is not based on a satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method that is based on the above location information may be a compensation method based on the above satellite navigation system.

[0365] For example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require capabilities related to the satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method may be a compensation method that requires capabilities related to the satellite navigation system.

[0366] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority for applying the first compensation method may be higher than the priority for applying the second compensation method.

[0367] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority of the second compensation method may be higher than the priority of the first compensation method.

[0368] For example, the first device may acquire at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may compensate for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on the elevation angle or at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved.

[0369] For example, the first device may acquire at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may compensate for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on the elevation angle or the at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the first device may transmit to the second device the elevation angle or the at least one of the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved.

[0370] For example, the first device may obtain a time offset compensation function. For example, the first device may compensate the time offset based on the time offset compensation function. For example, the time offset compensation function may be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0371]

[0372]

[0373] For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0374] For example, the first device may obtain a frequency offset compensation function. For example, the first device may compensate for the frequency offset based on the frequency offset compensation function. For example, the frequency offset compensation function may be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0375]

[0376]

[0377] For example, the above can be the center frequency. For example, the above can be the speed of light. For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0378] For example, based on the fact that the second device is a low-orbit satellite, the first compensation method may be applied.

[0379] For example, based on the fact that the first compensation method is supported, the first device may transmit to the second device at least one of the validity period associated with the first compensation method or the update time associated with the first compensation method.

[0380] For example, the first compensation method may be applied based on the fact that the above satellite navigation system is unavailable.

[0381] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be at least one of a base station or a satellite. For example, the satellite navigation system may be a GNSS (global navigation satellite system).

[0382] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; to apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and to perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0383] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: obtain information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; apply one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and perform communication with a second device based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0384] FIG. 23 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0385] Referring to FIG. 23, in step S2310, the second device may transmit information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method to the first device. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. In step S2320, the second device may communicate with the first device based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0386] For example, the first compensation method that is not based on the above location information may be a compensation method that is not based on a satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method that is based on the above location information may be a compensation method based on the above satellite navigation system.

[0387] For example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require capabilities related to the satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method may be a compensation method that requires capabilities related to the satellite navigation system.

[0388] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority for applying the first compensation method may be higher than the priority for applying the second compensation method.

[0389] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority of the second compensation method may be higher than the priority of the first compensation method.

[0390] For example, the elevation angle between the first device and the second device and the time at which the elevation angle is achieved can be obtained. For example, at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset can be compensated based on at least one of the elevation angle or the time at which the elevation angle is achieved.

[0391] For example, an elevation angle between the first device and the second device and the time at which the elevation angle is achieved can be obtained. For example, at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset can be compensated based on at least one of the elevation angle or the time at which the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the second device can receive from the first device the elevation angle or at least one of the time at which the elevation angle is achieved.

[0392] For example, a time offset compensation function can be obtained. For example, the time offset can be compensated based on the time offset compensation function. For example, the time offset compensation function can be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0393]

[0394]

[0395] For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0396] For example, a frequency offset compensation function can be obtained. For example, the frequency offset can be compensated based on the frequency offset compensation function. For example, the frequency offset compensation function can be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0397]

[0398]

[0399] For example, the above can be the center frequency. For example, the above can be the speed of light. For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0400] For example, based on the fact that the second device is a low-orbit satellite, the first compensation method may be applied.

[0401] For example, based on the fact that the first compensation method is supported, the second device may receive from the first device at least one of an expiration period associated with the first compensation method or an update time associated with the first compensation method.

[0402] For example, the first compensation method may be applied based on the fact that the above satellite navigation system is unavailable.

[0403] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be at least one of a base station or a satellite. For example, the satellite navigation system may be a GNSS (global navigation satellite system).

[0404] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit information related to priority rules related to a compensation method to the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to priority rules related to a compensation method to the first device). For example, based on the information related to priority rules related to the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may communicate with the first device based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to communicate with the first device based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method). For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0405] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may be made to transmit to the first device information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0406] For example, the first compensation method that is not based on the above location information may be a compensation method that is not based on a satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method that is based on the above location information may be a compensation method based on the above satellite navigation system.

[0407] For example, the first compensation method may be a compensation method that does not require capabilities related to the satellite navigation system. For example, the second compensation method may be a compensation method that requires capabilities related to the satellite navigation system.

[0408] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority for applying the first compensation method may be higher than the priority for applying the second compensation method.

[0409] For example, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority of the second compensation method may be higher than the priority of the first compensation method.

[0410] For example, the elevation angle between the first device and the second device and the time at which the elevation angle is achieved can be obtained. For example, at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset can be compensated based on at least one of the elevation angle or the time at which the elevation angle is achieved.

[0411] For example, an elevation angle between the first device and the second device and the time at which the elevation angle is achieved can be obtained. For example, at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset can be compensated based on at least one of the elevation angle or the time at which the elevation angle is achieved. For example, the second device can receive from the first device the elevation angle or at least one of the time at which the elevation angle is achieved.

[0412] For example, a time offset compensation function can be obtained. For example, the time offset can be compensated based on the time offset compensation function. For example, the time offset compensation function can be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0413]

[0414]

[0415] For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0416] For example, a frequency offset compensation function can be obtained. For example, the frequency offset can be compensated based on the frequency offset compensation function. For example, the frequency offset compensation function can be based on the following mathematical formula:

[0417]

[0418]

[0419] For example, the above can be the center frequency. For example, the above can be the speed of light. For example, the above may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device. For example, the ... may be the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device. For example, the may be the angular velocity of the second device. For example, the may be the elevation angle between the first device and the second device. For example, the This may be the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

[0420] For example, based on the fact that the second device is a low-orbit satellite, the first compensation method may be applied.

[0421] For example, based on the fact that the first compensation method is supported, the second device may receive from the first device at least one of an expiration period associated with the first compensation method or an update time associated with the first compensation method.

[0422] For example, the first compensation method may be applied based on the fact that the above satellite navigation system is unavailable.

[0423] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be at least one of a base station or a satellite. For example, the satellite navigation system may be a GNSS (global navigation satellite system).

[0424] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may be made to transmit to the first device information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on the location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0425] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may cause the first device to transmit information related to a priority rule associated with a compensation method. For example, based on the information related to the priority rule associated with the compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information may be applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset. Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device may be performed. For example, the location information may be at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

[0426] According to the present disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0427] - Inherent response to GNSS reliability issues: The terminal does not determine whether GNSS is available by a simple binary judgment, but can selectively apply a first compensation method or a second compensation method according to the compensation method priority rule provided by the network, so that communication performance degradation can be prevented even in situations such as GNSS spoofing or location information errors.

[0428] - Network-led control effect for GNSS abnormal situations at the cell / beam level: When the reliability of the GNSS-based compensation method deteriorates at the cell or beam level, the network can set a priority rule to prioritize the application of the first compensation method to the area, so consistent control at the network level is possible without relying on individual terminal judgments.

[0429] - Effect of satisfying requirements by physical channel and transmission type: Since a suitable compensation method can be selected / applied according to different (residual) TO and / or FO requirements by physical channel, transmission resource, or transmission type, violation of requirements can be effectively prevented even in transmissions with strict synchronization requirements, such as transmissions with OCC applied.

[0430] - Effect of improving uplink reception performance and system stability: By preventing situations where the compensation method applied by the terminal is inconsistent with the network's expectations and ensuring that the compensation method is applied only within the range allowed by the network, the uplink data reception performance at the network node can be reliably guaranteed.

[0431] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0432] Although not limited to, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0433] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0434] FIG. 24 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0435] Referring to FIG. 24, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0436] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0437] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0438] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR, 6G, etc.), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0439] FIG. 25 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0440] Referring to FIG. 25, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 24.

[0441] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0442] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0443] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0444] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0445] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0446] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0447] FIG. 26 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0448] Referring to FIG. 26, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 26 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 25. The hardware elements of FIG. 26 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 25. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 25. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 25, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 25.

[0449] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 26. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0450] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0451] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0452] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 26. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 25) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0453] FIG. 27 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 24). The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0454] Referring to FIG. 27, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 25 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 25. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 25. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0455] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 24, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 24, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 24, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 24, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 24, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 24, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 24, 400), a base station (Fig. 24, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0456] In FIG. 27, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0457] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 27 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0458] FIG. 28 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0459] Referring to FIG. 28, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 27.

[0460] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0461] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0462] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A first device acquires information related to a priority rule related to a compensation method; The first device applies one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the compensation method; and Based on the applied first compensation method or the applied second compensation method, the first device performs communication with the second device; comprising, A method in which the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

2. In Paragraph 1, The first compensation method above, which is not based on the above location information, is a compensation method that is not based on a satellite navigation system, and A second compensation method based on the above location information is a compensation method based on the above satellite navigation system.

3. In Paragraph 2, The above-mentioned first compensation method is a compensation method that does not require capabilities related to the above-mentioned satellite navigation system, and The above second compensation method is a compensation method that requires the above capability related to the satellite navigation system.

4. In Paragraph 3, A method in which, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority for applying the first compensation method is higher than the priority for applying the second compensation method.

5. In Paragraph 3, A method in which, based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, and based on the fact that both the first compensation method and the second compensation method are applicable, the priority of the second compensation method is higher than the priority of the first compensation method.

6. In Paragraph 1, The first device acquires at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved; and A method further comprising the step of the first device compensating for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on at least one of the elevation angle or the time point in which the elevation angle is achieved.

7. In Paragraph 1, The first device acquires at least one of an elevation angle between the first device and the second device or a point in time when the elevation angle is achieved; The first device comprises the step of compensating for at least one of the time offset or the frequency offset based on at least one of the elevation angle or the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved; and A method further comprising the step of the first device transmitting to the second device at least one of the elevation angle or the point in time when the elevation angle is achieved.

8. In Paragraph 6, The first device comprises the step of obtaining a time offset compensation function; and The first device further comprises the step of compensating the time offset based on the time offset compensation function; The above time offset compensation function is based on the following mathematical formula: The above is the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device, and The above is the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device, and The above is the angular velocity of the second device, and The above is the elevation angle between the first device and the second device, and The above The method is the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

9. In Paragraph 6, The first device comprises the step of obtaining a frequency offset compensation function; and The first device further comprises the step of compensating the frequency offset based on the frequency offset compensation function; The above frequency offset compensation function is based on the following mathematical formula: The above is the center frequency, and The above is the speed of light, and The above is the distance from the center of the Earth to the first device, and The above is the distance from the center of the Earth to the second device, and The above is the angular velocity of the second device, and The above is the elevation angle between the first device and the second device, and The above The method is the point in time when the above altitude angle is achieved.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first compensation method is applied based on the fact that the second device is a low-orbit satellite.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of, based on the fact that the first compensation method is supported, transmitting to the second device to at least one of an effective period associated with the first compensation method or an update time associated with the first compensation method.

12. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the first compensation method is applied based on the fact that the above satellite navigation system is unavailable.

13. In Paragraph 2, The above-mentioned first device is a terminal, and The second device is at least one of a base station or a satellite, and The above satellite navigation system is a GNSS (global navigation satellite system), a method.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain information related to priority rules related to the reward method; Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on the above location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; and Based on the first compensation method applied above or the second compensation method applied above, communication with the second device is performed, The first device, wherein the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain information related to priority rules related to the reward method; Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on the above location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; and Based on the first compensation method applied above or the second compensation method applied above, communication with the second device is performed, A processing device wherein the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: To obtain information related to priority rules related to the reward method; Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on the above location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; and Based on the first compensation method applied above or the second compensation method applied above, communication with the second device is performed, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

17. Regarding the method, A step in which the second device transmits information related to priority rules related to a compensation method to the first device, Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, the second device performs communication with the first device; comprising, A method in which the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: The first device is to transmit information related to priority rules related to a compensation method, wherein Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device is performed, The second device, wherein the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and A second device comprising at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: The first device is to transmit information related to priority rules related to a compensation method, wherein Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device is performed, A processing device wherein the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: The first device is to transmit information related to priority rules related to a compensation method, wherein Based on the information related to the priority rule related to the above compensation method, one of a first compensation method not based on location information or a second compensation method based on location information is applied to at least one of a time offset or a frequency offset; Based on the first compensation method or the second compensation method, communication with the first device is performed, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which the above location information is at least one of the location information of the first device or the location information of the second device.

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