Battery

Abstract

A battery of the present invention comprises: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode includes a porous support, the porous support includes a plurality of composite fiber strands, the composite fiber strands include a polymer strand and a metal coating layer, the separator includes a base layer and an electrolyte layer positioned on one surface or both surfaces of the base layer and including an electrolyte composition, the electrolyte composition includes a binder, a crosslinking agent, and a liquid electrolyte, and the electrolyte layer may include a linear carbonate-based compound in a larger volume than a cyclic carbonate-based compound.

Description

battery

[0001] This document claims the benefit of the priority date of Application No. 10-2024-0193079 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 20, 2024, and incorporates the entire contents thereof by reference.

[0002] The present invention is a battery.

[0003] An anodeless battery is a battery that does not use a negative electrode material during manufacturing. When an anodeless battery is charged, lithium accumulates on the current collector, forming a negative electrode. The structure of an anodeless battery can increase energy density.

[0004] Lithium metal (Li Metal) batteries are batteries that directly use lithium metal as the negative electrode material. Lithium metal has a large capacity, resulting in high energy density.

[0005] Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) may include a binder and a liquid electrolyte. Gel polymer electrolytes are typically incorporated into electrodes in batteries and can be combined with electrode active materials. In this case, a polyolefin-based film may be positioned between the electrodes (positive and negative electrodes) to act as a separator that prevents physical short circuits between the electrodes.

[0006] Anode-free batteries typically fail to deposit lithium evenly. An uneven lithium surface reduces battery stability and lifespan.

[0007] Lithium metal batteries repeatedly plate and strip lithium during the charging and discharging process, making the surface of the negative electrode uneven. This causes short circuits and degradation of the battery.

[0008] In some cases, the binder in the gel polymer electrolyte does not dissolve well in the liquid electrolyte. Additionally, the viscosity of the gel polymer electrolyte may increase rapidly during processing. The miscibility between the binder and the liquid electrolyte, as well as the viscosity of the gel polymer electrolyte, can affect the performance of batteries containing the gel polymer electrolyte.

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention comprises an anode; a cathode; and a separator located between the anode and the cathode; wherein the cathode comprises a porous support, the porous support comprises a plurality of composite fiber strands, the composite fiber strands comprise a polymer strand and a metal coating layer, and the separator comprises a substrate layer; and an electrolyte layer located on one or both sides of the substrate layer, the electrolyte layer comprises a linear carbonate compound in a larger volume than a cyclic carbonate compound, and the porous support is a battery in contact with the separator.

[0010] The above electrolyte layer is located on one surface of the above substrate layer, the porous support is in contact with the above substrate layer, and the anode can be in contact with the above electrolyte layer.

[0011] The above polymer strand may include PET (polyethylene terephthalate).

[0012] The metal coating layer can surround the polymer strand.

[0013] The metal coating layer may include nickel, copper, or a combination thereof.

[0014] The metal coating layer may include a first metal coating layer located adjacent to the polymer strand; a third metal coating layer located further away from the polymer strand than the first metal coating layer; and a second metal coating layer located between the first metal coating layer and the third coating layer.

[0015] The first metal coating layer and the third metal coating layer may comprise nickel, and the second metal coating layer may comprise copper.

[0016] The above electrolyte layer is located on both sides of the substrate layer, the electrolyte layer located on one side of the substrate layer is in contact with the anode, and the electrolyte layer located on the other side of the substrate layer can be in contact with the porous support.

[0017] The above linear carbonate-based compound may include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0018] The above linear carbonate-based compound may be liquid at room temperature.

[0019] The above-mentioned cyclic carbonate compounds may include vinylethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, dichloroethylene carbonate, bromoethylene carbonate, dibromoethylene carbonate, nitroethylene carbonate, cyanoethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0020] The above cyclic carbonate compound may be solid at room temperature.

[0021] The volume (volume%) of the linear carbonate-based compound in the above electrolyte layer may be in the range of 55 to 95.

[0022] The above substrate layer may include a polyolefin-based film.

[0023] Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; wherein the negative electrode comprises a porous support and a negative electrode active material layer, the porous support comprises a plurality of composite fiber strands, the composite fiber strands comprise a polymer strand and a metal coating layer, and the separator comprises a substrate layer; and an electrolyte layer located on one or both sides of the substrate layer, the electrolyte layer comprises a linear carbonate-based compound in a larger volume than a cyclic carbonate-based compound, the negative electrode active material layer comprises lithium metal, and the negative electrode active material layer is in contact with the separator.

[0024] The above electrolyte layer is located on one surface of the above substrate layer, the above negative active material layer is in contact with the above substrate layer, and the above positive electrode can be in contact with the above electrolyte layer.

[0025] The above electrolyte layer is located on both sides of the substrate layer, the electrolyte layer located on one side of the substrate layer is in contact with the anode, and the electrolyte layer located on the other side of the substrate layer can be in contact with the cathode active material layer.

[0026] The battery of the present invention can exhibit improved stability and lifespan.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery of one specific example.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a porous support.

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite fiber strand.

[0030] FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic diagrams of a battery of one embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional SEM image of a porous structure.

[0032] Figure 8 shows a magnified view of a side cross-section SEM image of a porous structure and the results of EDS analysis.

[0033] Figure 9 illustrates the battery performance evaluation results of Example 1.

[0034] Figure 10 illustrates the battery performance evaluation results of Example 2.

[0035] FIGS. 11 to 13 illustrate the battery performance evaluation of Example 1 and Example 3.

[0036] FIGS. 14 to 15 illustrate the battery performance evaluation results of Example 4.

[0037] This document may use ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” when referring to multiple components. There is no priority among the components.

[0038] In this document, if a specific commercially available product is used as an ingredient, the characteristics of that ingredient may refer to the characteristics listed in the product's Technical Data Sheet (TDS) or Certification of Analysis (COA).

[0039] In this document, if the physical properties of a specific material vary depending on temperature and pressure, the measurement standards for those properties may be room temperature (25 ℃) and atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa). This is in accordance with the Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP) defined in the CRC Chemical and Physical Handbook.

[0040] In this document, the numerical range “within the range of A to B” means “A or greater and B or less.”

[0041] The numbers mentioned in this document are rounded values. For example, 1.5 is a number within the range of 1.45 to 1.54.

[0042] The present document describes the invention in more detail below.

[0043] One embodiment (Embodiment) of the present invention is a battery.

[0044] In this document, a battery may include any element that performs an electrochemical reaction.

[0045] The above battery may refer to any type of primary battery, secondary battery, fuel battery, solar battery, or capacitor, etc. The above battery may refer to a lithium secondary battery. The above lithium secondary battery may include a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, a lithium ion polymer secondary battery, or a lithium ion secondary battery, etc.

[0046] The battery may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator. The separator may be located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The polarity of the first electrode may be opposite to that of the second electrode. If the first electrode is a positive electrode (negative electrode), the second electrode may be a negative electrode (positive electrode).

[0047] The positive electrode may be an electrode that undergoes a reduction reaction during discharge. The negative electrode may be an electrode that undergoes an oxidation reaction during discharge.

[0048] The electrode of the above battery may include an electrode active material attached to an electrode current collector. Specifically, the electrode may include an electrode current collector and an electrode active material layer disposed on one or both sides of the electrode current collector and comprising an electrode active material.

[0049] That is, the anode may include an anode current collector and an anode active material layer located on one or both sides of the anode current collector and comprising an anode active material. Additionally, the cathode may include a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer located on one or both sides of the cathode current collector and comprising a cathode active material.

[0050] Hereinafter, the battery of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery of one specific example.

[0052] The battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator. The separator is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0053] The battery of the present invention is an anodeless battery. An anodeless battery is a battery that does not contain a negative electrode active material during manufacturing. In an anodeless battery, the separator (SUB, ELT1) and the negative electrode current collector (NEC) come into contact during discharge.

[0054] In this document, the statement that two members are in contact means that there is no other member between the two members.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, the cathode is in contact with the separator. Specifically, the cathode is composed of a cathode current collector (NEC), and this cathode current collector (NEC) is in contact with the separator (SUB, ELT1). More specifically, there is no separate component between the cathode current collector (NEC) and the separator (SUB, ELT). Even more specifically, the cathode current collector (NEC) is in contact with the substrate layer (SUB).

[0056] The battery of the present invention is a negative electrode battery comprising a specific structure as a negative electrode current collector (NEC). Specifically, the negative electrode comprises a porous support. More specifically, the porous support is in contact with the separator. Even more specifically, there is no separate member between the porous support and the separator.

[0057] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a porous support.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 2, the porous support comprises a plurality of composite fiber strands (1). The composite fiber strands (1) are intertwined with each other in the porous support to form pores. That is, the porous support comprises intertwined composite fiber strands (1) and pores.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 2, the composite fiber strand (1) comprises a polymer strand (10) and a metal coating layer (11). That is, the porous support may include pores formed by a plurality of composite fibers, the polymer strand (10) having a surface coated with metal, intertwined with each other.

[0060] A cathode-free battery comprising the above-mentioned porous support as a negative current collector can uniformly distribute lithium and improve safety.

[0061] Although not limited to theory, it is believed that this effect is due to the fact that the pores formed by the polymer strand (10) do not localize lithium at one point, the metal layer on the surface of the polymer strand (10) increases electrical conductivity to allow lithium to be distributed uniformly, and due to the flexibility of the polymer, it can be deformed fluidly even with external physical stimuli, and there is no risk of metal leaching.

[0062] The above separator includes a substrate layer and an electrolyte layer.

[0063] The above substrate layer can cause a fluid to move from one side of the substrate layer to another side.

[0064] The electrolyte layer is located on one side or both sides of the substrate layer. Specifically, the electrolyte layer may be located on a first side of the substrate layer, or on a second side facing the first side. When the electrolyte layer is located on both the first side and the second side (i.e., on both sides of the substrate layer), the composition and thickness of each electrolyte layer may be the same or different.

[0065] The above electrolyte layer can provide a path for a charge carrier to move in the battery.

[0066] In the above electrolyte layer, the miscibility of the binder with respect to the liquid electrolyte, specifically the miscibility of the binder with respect to a non-aqueous solvent, can affect the processability and structural stability of the battery separator. In addition, it is important that the viscosity of the composition used to form the electrolyte layer is stably maintained, and this viscosity can be determined by the composition of the non-aqueous solvent.

[0067] In the present invention, the electrolyte layer contains a linear carbonate-based compound in a larger volume than a cyclic carbonate-based compound. Specifically, the electrolyte composition contains a linear carbonate-based compound in a larger volume than a cyclic carbonate-based compound. Accordingly, the miscibility of the binder with respect to the liquid electrolyte is increased, and an abnormal increase in the viscosity of the electrolyte composition can be prevented.

[0068] Although not limited to theory, it is believed that this is because adjusting the balance between the linear carbonate compound that lowers the viscosity of the composition and the cyclic carbonate compound that raises the viscosity of the composition as described above maintains the viscosity of the composition at an appropriate level while simultaneously ensuring miscibility between the solvent and the binder.

[0069] If the above electrolyte layer contains a linear carbonate-based compound in a volume less than or equal to that of a cyclic carbonate-based compound, the viscosity of the composition increases sharply, and the miscibility between the solvent and the binder also decreases.

[0070] In this document, linear carbonate compounds refer to open double esters of carbonic acid. Specifically, linear carbonate compounds include structures in which the two hydroxyl groups of carbonic acid are esterified to different alcohols, and the entire molecule does not form a ring.

[0071] In this document, cyclic carbonate compounds refer to internal esters in which the -O-CO-O- backbone of carbonate groups is contained within a ring structure. Specifically, cyclic carbonate compounds include a structure in which the two ends of two hydroxyl groups within a molecule form ester bonds with the same carbonate group, thereby containing the -O-CO-O- backbone within a ring.

[0072] Hereinafter, this document describes the battery of the present invention in more detail.

[0073] The above electrolyte layer may include an electrolyte composition. The above electrolyte composition may be a composition of a gel polymer electrolyte.

[0074] In this document, the gel polymer electrolyte is an electrolyte in the gel phase and comprises a polymer matrix and a liquid electrolyte impregnated therein. Here, the polymer matrix can physically support the gel polymer electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte can impart ion conductivity to the gel polymer electrolyte.

[0075] In this document, an electrolyte composition refers to a composition that can become a gel polymer electrolyte by itself or through a predetermined reaction.

[0076] The above electrolyte composition may include a binder, a liquid electrolyte, and a crosslinking agent.

[0077] The binder may form a polymer matrix in the gel polymer electrolyte alone or together with the crosslinking agents. The binder may serve as a mechanical support for the gel polymer electrolyte.

[0078] The liquid electrolyte can be impregnated into the polymer matrix formed by the binder. The liquid electrolyte can impart ion conductivity to the gel polymer electrolyte.

[0079] The above crosslinking agents may form a polymer matrix in the gel polymer electrolyte alone or together with the binder. The crosslinking agents may link the binders and / or the crosslinking agents in the polymer matrix.

[0080] The above liquid electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent. Specifically, the above liquid electrolyte comprises a carbonate compound. More specifically, the above liquid electrolyte comprises a linear carbonate compound and a cyclic carbonate compound.

[0081] In addition, the carbonate-based compound may include a carbonate-based compound that is liquid at room temperature and a carbonate-based compound that is solid at room temperature.

[0082] The porous support may include a nonwoven fabric. Specifically, the porous support may include a nonwoven fabric of the composite fiber.

[0083] The polymer strand (10) may include PET (polyethylene terephthalate). That is, the material constituting the polymer strand (10) may be PET, and other materials may be added thereto.

[0084] The metal coating layer (11) can coat the surface and interior of the porous support with metal. The metal coating layer (11) can coat the surface of the porous support and the inner walls of the internal pores with metal.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 2, the metal coating layer (11) can surround the polymer strand (10). That is, a plurality of composite fiber strands (1) are intertwined in the porous support, and each of these composite fibers may include a polymer strand (10) and a metal coating layer (11) covering the strand.

[0086] The type of metal component constituting the metal coating layer (11) is not particularly limited. Considering that the porous support acts as a negative electrode current collector of the battery, the metal coating layer (11) may preferably include nickel, copper, or a combination thereof. Specifically, the metal coating layer (11) may include nickel and copper.

[0087] The thickness (μm) of the above porous support may be in the range of 10 to 100.

[0088] Preferably, the thickness (μm) of the porous support may be 15 or more, 20 or more, 25 or more, 30 or more, 35 or more, 40 or more, 45 or more, or 50 or more. The thickness (μm) of the porous support may be 95 or less, 90 or less, 85 or less, 80 or less, 75 or less, 70 or less, 65 or less, 60 or less, 55 or less, or 50 or less.

[0089] The thickness of the porous support may refer to the height difference between the lowest point and the highest point of the porous support. The thickness of the porous support can be confirmed by a side cross-sectional SEM image of the porous support.

[0090] The average thickness (μm) of the fibrils of the above composite fiber may be in the range of 1 to 20.

[0091] Preferably, the average thickness of the fibrils (μm) of the composite fiber may be 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 9.5 or more, 9.8 or more, or 10 or more. The average thickness of the fibrils (μm) of the composite fiber may be 19 or less, 18 or less, 17 or less, 16 or less, 15 or less, 14 or less, 13 or less, 12 or less, 11 or less, or 10 or less.

[0092] The average thickness of the fibrils of the composite fibers may refer to the average of the maximum cross-sectional lengths of each of the composite fibers. The average thickness of the fibrils of the composite fibers can be confirmed by a side cross-sectional SEM image of the porous support.

[0093] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite fiber strand (1).

[0094] The metal coating layer (11) may include at least three metal coating layers (111, 112, 113). Specifically, the metal coating layer (11) may include a first metal coating layer (111), a second metal coating layer (112), and a third metal coating layer (113).

[0095] Referring to FIG. 3, the first metal coating layer (111) may be located adjacent to the polymer strand (10). The third metal coating layer (113) may be located further away from the polymer strand (10) than the first metal coating layer (111). The second coating layer may be located between the first metal coating layer (111) and the third coating layer. That is, the metal coating layer (11) may include a multilayer structure in which the first metal coating layer (111), the second metal coating layer (112), and the third coating layer are sequentially coated in a direction from the inside to the outside of the porous support.

[0096] The metal components included in each of the first metal coating layer (111) to the third metal coating layer (113) can also be adjusted differently. Specifically, the first metal coating layer (111) may include nickel. The second metal coating layer (112) may include copper. The third metal coating layer (113) may include nickel.

[0097] Hereinafter, this document describes the structure of each component of the above-mentioned battery in more detail. Refer again to FIG. 1.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 1, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB). Specifically, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located only on one side of the substrate layer (SUB). That is, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB), and there may be no separate member on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB).

[0099] Referring to FIG. 1, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the cathode. Specifically, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the cathode current collector (NEC). More specifically, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the porous support. There may not be a separate member between the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the porous support.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 1, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be in contact with the anode (PAM, PEC). Specifically, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be in contact with the anode active material layer (PAM). There may be no separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT1) and the anode active material layer (PAM).

[0101] The structure of the separator in the above battery may be changed. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery of one embodiment.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 4, the electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be located on both sides of the substrate layer (SUB). The electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be located on one side (ELT1) and the other side (ELT2) of the substrate layer (SUB), and the characteristics such as the composition and thickness of the two electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be the same or different.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 4, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the anode (PEC, PAM). The electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the anode active material layer (PAM). There may not be a separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the anode active material layer (PAM).

[0104] Referring to FIG. 4, the electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the negative electrode (NEC). The electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the negative electrode current collector (NEC). The electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may come into contact with the porous support. There may not be a separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the porous support.

[0105] The above linear carbonate-based compound may include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0106] Specifically, the linear carbonate-based compound may include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0107] More specifically, the linear carbonate-based compound may include ethylmethyl carbonate.

[0108] The above linear carbonate-based compound may be liquid at room temperature.

[0109] The above-mentioned cyclic carbonate compounds may include vinylethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, dichloroethylene carbonate, bromoethylene carbonate, dibromoethylene carbonate, nitroethylene carbonate, cyanoethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0110] Specifically, the cyclic carbonate compound may include vinylethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0111] More specifically, the cyclic carbonate compound may include vinylethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

[0112] From the perspective of the miscibility of the aforementioned binder and liquid electrolyte, the control of the viscosity of the electrolyte layer, and the safety of the battery, it may be desirable for the phases of the linear carbonate-based compound and the cyclic carbonate-based compound to be combined differently.

[0113] The above cyclic carbonate compound may be solid at room temperature. Specifically, the above cyclic carbonate compound may include ethylene carbonate. The amounts of the above linear carbonate compound and the cyclic carbonate compound may also be appropriately controlled within a range that satisfies the above conditions.

[0114] The volume (volume%) of the linear carbonate-based compound in the above electrolyte layer may be in the range of 55 to 95.

[0115] Preferably, the volume (volume%) of the linear carbonate-based compound in the electrolyte layer may be 60 or more, 65 or more, or 70 or more. The volume (volume%) of the linear carbonate-based compound in the electrolyte layer may be 90 or less, 85 or less, 80 or less, or 75 or less.

[0116] The volume (volume%) of the cyclic carbonate-based compound in the electrolyte layer may be in the range of 5 to 45. Preferably, the volume (volume%) of the cyclic carbonate-based compound in the electrolyte layer may be 10 or more, 15 or more, 20 or more, or 25 or more. The volume (volume%) of the cyclic carbonate-based compound in the electrolyte layer may be 40 or less, 35 or less, or 30 or less.

[0117] The above liquid electrolyte may further include a lithium salt. The lithium salt may be dissolved in the above non-aqueous solvent.

[0118] The above lithium salt may include LiPF6, LiBF4, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiCH3CO2, LiCF3SO3, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(FSO2)2, LiC(CF2SO2)3, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the lithium salt may include LiN(CF3SO2)2.

[0119] The above liquid electrolyte may further include additives.

[0120] The above additive may refer to a substance applied in small amounts to a liquid electrolyte for the purpose of stabilizing the electrode interface, improving electrochemical stability, controlling conductivity characteristics, improving temperature characteristics, suppressing gas generation, etc.

[0121] The above additive may include vinylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sulfone, 1,3-propene sulfone, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxaleto)phosphate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the above additive may include vinylene carbonate.

[0122] Since the liquid electrolyte is impregnated into the binder or the polymer matrix formed by the binder in the electrolyte layer, the thickness of the electrolyte layer may generally be thick. Specifically, the electrolyte layer may be thicker than the substrate layer.

[0123] The above substrate layer may include a polyolefin-based film. Specifically, the above substrate layer may include a porous polyolefin-based film.

[0124] Here, a polyolefin-based porous film refers to a porous film containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component.

[0125] The above polyolefin-based porous film may contain the polyolefin-based resin in an amount of 50 volume% or more, 90 volume% or more, or 95 volume% or more of the total material constituting the polyolefin-based porous film.

[0126] The weight average molecular weight of the component included in the above polyolefin resin is 3×10 5 Up to 15×10 6 It may be possible. If the weight average molecular weight of the component included in the above polyolefin resin is 1 million or more, the strength of the separator including the above polyolefin porous film may be improved.

[0127] The above polyolefin resin may include a thermoplastic resin. The above thermoplastic resin may include a homopolymer (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene) or copolymer (e.g., ethylene-propylene copolymer) formed by polymerizing monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-hexene.

[0128] The above polyolefin-based porous film may be a layer comprising only these polyolefin-based resins, or a layer comprising two or more of these polyolefin-based resins. Among these, polyethylene and high molecular weight polyethylene having ethylene as a main backbone can stop (shut down) the flow of excessive current at a lower temperature. In addition, the polyolefin-based porous film may additionally include components other than polyolefin-based resins that do not impair the function of the film.

[0129] The above electrolyte layer may be formed by curing the above electrolyte composition. The above electrolyte layer may include a cured product of the above electrolyte composition.

[0130] The above curing method may include, for example, thermal curing, photocuring, and thermal-photo dual curing. Preferably, the curing method may be photocuring.

[0131] A cured product of a composition may refer to a composition that has undergone a chemical process in which it hardens or solidifies as the structure of the components contained in the composition changes due to chemical reactions between those components. This curing may differ from drying, which is a physical process in which a portion of the composition dries or hardens as some of the components contained in the composition (e.g., solvents such as water, volatile components) evaporate.

[0132] In addition, the electrolyte composition may be impregnated into the pores of the substrate layer. Accordingly, at least a portion of the electrolyte layer containing a cured product of the electrolyte composition may be impregnated into the pores of the substrate layer.

[0133] The binder can form a framework in the electrolyte layer formed by the electrolyte composition. The binder has appropriate crystallinity and polarity to increase the ion conductivity of the battery separator. In particular, the polar portion of the binder can combine with the crosslinking agent. At this time, the binder can form a crosslinked structure in the electrolyte layer.

[0134] The above binder may include a fluorine-based binder. The above fluorine-based binder may refer to a binder whose constituent unit contains fluorine as part or all. The above fluorine-based binder may include a PVDF-based binder.

[0135] The above PVDF-based binder may be a homopolymer or copolymer comprising a polymerization unit derived from vinylidene fluoride. The above fluorine-based binder may comprise a first unit of vinylidene fluoride and a second unit of a fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound. The above PVDF-based binder may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer comprising the first unit and the second unit. Preferably, the above PVDF-based binder may be a random copolymer comprising the first unit and the second unit.

[0136] The above fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound is C n H (2n+1-y) F y It may mean a compound in which at least one fluorine-containing alkyl group represented by is bonded to a vinyl group. However, vinylidene fluoride is excluded.

[0137] The fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound may include one or more selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene. Preferably, the fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound may include one or more selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. More preferably, the fluorine-containing alkyl vinyl compound may include hexafluoropropylene.

[0138] The second unit content of the above-mentioned fluorine-based binder can be adjusted. The second unit content of the above-mentioned fluorine-based binder may affect the crystallinity of the above-mentioned fluorine-based binder, the ionic conductivity of the above-mentioned battery separator, and the mechanical strength.

[0139] The second unit content (weight%) of the above fluorine-based binder may be in the range of 10 to 25. Preferably, the second unit content (weight%) of the above fluorine-based binder may be 15 or more, 16 or more, 17 or more, or 18 or more. The second unit content (weight%) of the above fluorine-based binder may be 23 or less, 21 or less, 20 or less, or 19 or less.

[0140] The first and second unit contents of the above fluorine-based binder are relative to the above fluorine-based binder 19 It can be measured by F-NMR analysis.

[0141] The characteristics of the above binder can be further controlled.

[0142] The melt volume index (cc / min) of the above binder may be 3 or higher.

[0143] Preferably, the melt volume index (cc / min) of the binder may be 3.5 or higher, 4 or higher, 4.5 or higher, 5 or higher, 5.5 or higher, 5.8 or higher, or 6.0 or higher. The melt volume index (cc / min) of the binder may be 10 or lower, 9.5 or lower, 9 or lower, 8.5 or lower, 8 or lower, 7.5 or lower, 7 or lower, 6.5 or lower, or 6 or lower.

[0144] The melt volume index of the above binder may be a value measured according to the ISO 1133 measurement standard.

[0145] The melting temperature (°C) of the above binder may be 130°C or lower.

[0146] Preferably, the melting temperature (°C) of the binder may be 90 or higher, 95 or higher, 100 or higher, 105 or higher, or 110 or higher. The melting temperature (°C) of the binder may be 125 or lower, 122 or lower, 120 or lower, 115 or lower, or 110 or lower.

[0147] The melting temperature of the above binder may be a value measured according to the ISO 11357-1 / -3 measurement standard.

[0148] The number of crosslinkable functional groups of the crosslinking agent may be two or more. Here, the number of crosslinkable functional groups of the crosslinking agent may refer to the number of crosslinkable functional groups per molecule of the crosslinking agent. The crosslinkable functional groups may be functional groups that act to connect binders and / or crosslinking agents in the polymer matrix.

[0149] Preferably, the number of crosslinkable functional groups of the crosslinking agent may be 3 or more, or 4 or more. The number of crosslinkable functional groups of the crosslinking agent may be 6 or less, or 5 or less.

[0150] The above-mentioned crosslinking functional group may include a photoreactive functional group. Specifically, the above-mentioned crosslinking functional group may include a (meth)acryloyl group as a photoreactive functional group. The above-mentioned crosslinking agent may include a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate-based compound. Preferably, from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of electrochemical properties due to the rate of the crosslinking reaction and the stiffness of the polymer network, the above-mentioned crosslinking functional group may include an acryloyl group as a photoreactive functional group.

[0151] Accordingly, the crosslinking agent may include a di(meth)acrylate compound, a tri(meth)acrylate compound, a tetra(meth)acrylate compound, a penta(meth)acrylate compound, a hexa(meth)acrylate compound, or a combination thereof.

[0152] Specifically, the crosslinking agent may include a diacrylate compound, a triacrylate compound, a tetraacrylate compound, a pentaacrylate compound, a hexaacrylate compound, or a combination thereof.

[0153] More specifically, the crosslinking agent may include a triacrylate compound, a tetraacrylate compound, a pentaacrylate compound, or a combination thereof.

[0154] More specifically, the crosslinking agent may include a triacrylate-based compound.

[0155] The above-mentioned crosslinking agent may include a monomeric compound, a polymeric compound, or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned monomeric crosslinking agent may mean that the remaining moiety, excluding the crosslinking functional group, is of monomer origin. The above-mentioned polymeric crosslinking agent may mean that the remaining moiety, excluding the crosslinking functional group, is of polymer origin.

[0156] Specifically, the crosslinking agent may include a monomeric compound.

[0157] The above crosslinking agent is trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, propoxylated glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, erythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate, It may include dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, sorbitol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, sorbitol hexa(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) di(meth)acrylate, polyurethane di(meth)acrylate, polycarbonate di(meth)acrylate, or a combination thereof.

[0158] Specifically, the crosslinking agent is trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, propoxylated glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, erythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate, It may include dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, sorbitol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, sorbitol hexa(meth)acrylate, or a combination thereof.

[0159] More specifically, the crosslinking agent is trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, erythritol tetraacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, sorbitol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol It may include hexaacrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, sorbitol hexaacrylate, or a combination thereof.

[0160] More specifically, the crosslinking agent may include trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, or a combination thereof.

[0161] The above electrolyte composition may further include an initiator.

[0162] When a predetermined stimulus is applied, the initiator can initiate a reaction in which the binder forms a polymer matrix.

[0163] The above initiator may include a thermal polymerization initiator, a photopolymerization initiator, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the initiator may include a photopolymerization initiator.

[0164] The above photopolymerization initiator may include a short-wavelength photopolymerization initiator, a long-wavelength photopolymerization initiator, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the photopolymerization initiator may include a short-wavelength photopolymerization initiator.

[0165] The above short-wavelength photopolymerization initiator may include IRGACURE 127 (1,1'-(Methylene-di-4,1-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone]), IRGACURE 1173 (2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, HMPP), DMPA (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetonephenone), HOMPP (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropipphenone), LAP (Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate), or a combination thereof. Preferably, the above short-wavelength photopolymerization initiator may include IRGACURE 127 (1,1'-(Methylene-di-4,1-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone]).

[0166] The above long-wavelength photopolymerization initiator may include one or more selected from the group consisting of Bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide and Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate.

[0167] Another embodiment of the present invention is also a battery.

[0168] In describing the battery of this embodiment, this document may omit details that overlap with those described in the battery of the preceding embodiment.

[0169] The battery of this specific example is a lithium metal battery. A lithium metal (Li Metal) battery is a battery that directly uses lithium metal as the negative electrode material.

[0170] In the battery of the present invention, the negative electrode comprises a porous support and a negative electrode active material layer.

[0171] The porous support above is the same as described above. That is, the battery of this invention also includes the porous support as a negative electrode current collector.

[0172] The above negative electrode active material layer is located on one or both sides of the porous support. The above negative electrode active material layer comprises lithium metal.

[0173] The above-mentioned negative electrode active material layer is in contact with the separator. There is no separate component between the above-mentioned negative electrode active material layer and the separator.

[0174] Below, the structure of the battery of this embodiment is described in more detail.

[0175] FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of a battery of one embodiment.

[0176] Referring to FIG. 5, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB). Specifically, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located only on one side of the substrate layer (SUB). That is, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB), and there may be no separate member on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB).

[0177] Referring to FIG. 5, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the cathode (NEC, NAM). The cathode active material layer (NAM) may be located between the porous support (NEC) and the substrate layer (SUB). Specifically, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the cathode active material layer (NAM). More specifically, the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the porous support. There may be no separate member between the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the cathode active material layer (NAM).

[0178] Referring to FIG. 5, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be in contact with the anode (PEC, PAM). Specifically, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) may be in contact with the anode active material layer (PAM). There may be no separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT1) and the anode active material layer (PAM).

[0179] The structure of the separator in the above battery may be changed. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery of one embodiment.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 6, the electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be located on both sides of the substrate layer (SUB). The electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be located on one side (ELT1) and the other side (ELT2) of the substrate layer (SUB), and the characteristics such as the composition and thickness of the two electrolyte layers (ELT1, ELT2) may be the same or different.

[0181] Referring to FIG. 6, the electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the anode (PEC, PAM). The electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the anode active material layer (PAM). There may be no separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT1) located on one side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the anode active material layer (PAM).

[0182] Referring to FIG. 6, the electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the negative electrode (NEC, NAM). The negative electrode active material layer (NAM) may be located between the electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the porous support (NEC). The electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) may be in contact with the negative electrode active material layer (NAM). There may not be a separate member between the electrolyte layer (ELT2) located on the other side of the substrate layer (SUB) and the negative electrode active material layer (NAM).

[0183] The present invention is described in more detail below through examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.

[0184] [Preparation Example]

[0185] Example 1. Cathode-free battery

[0186] A cathode-free battery was manufactured according to the following process.

[0187] (1) Prepare a solution by adding 0.24 g of binder and 0.24 g of crosslinking agent to 9.5 g of liquid electrolyte, stir the solution with a homogenizer, and then add 0.024 g of photopolymerization initiator to the solution to prepare an electrolyte composition. The binder is Arkema's Kynar 2501-20 (polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP); weight average molecular weight: 350,000 g / mol; HFP substitution rate: 18.6 wt%). The crosslinking agent is Miwon Specialty Chemical's M300 (trimethylolpropane triacrylate). The photopolymerization initiator is IRGACURE 127 (1,1'-(Methylene-di-4,1-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone]). The above liquid electrolyte is a non-aqueous solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed in a volume ratio of 3:7, containing 1 M concentration of LiN(CF3SO2)2 It is dissolved, and vinylene carbonate (VC) is added at a content of 2% of the total weight.

[0188] (2) Apply the electrolyte composition on one surface of the substrate layer. The substrate layer is Senior's SW309H (PO film; thickness: 8.5 μm).

[0189] (3) UVB (552 mJ / cm²) in the above electrolyte composition 2 ; 856 mW / cm 2 Complete the separator by irradiating ). The separator comprises a substrate layer and an electrolyte layer located on one side of the substrate layer. The UVB irradiation conditions are as follows.

[0190] Curing agent: LH6

[0191] Light Source: H Bulb

[0192] Light source power: 70%

[0193] Specimen passage speed through the curing machine: 4 meter / min

[0194] (4) Punch each of the porous support, the separator, and the anode into 14 Pi.

[0195] 1) Fig. 7 is a side cross-sectional SEM image of the porous structure. Fig. 8 is a magnified view of the side cross-sectional SEM image of the porous structure and the results of EDS analysis.

[0196] Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the porous support is composed of a nonwoven fabric formed by a plurality of composite fibers consisting of PET strands and a metal coating layer surrounding them (porosity: 70–80%; pore size: 0.1–10 μm; thickness: 40 μm; average thickness of the composite fiber fibrils: 9.82 μm). For reference, 47.2 μm shown in FIG. 7 is not the total thickness of the porous support because the sample is slightly delaminated during the imaging process. Referring to FIG. 8, it is confirmed that Ni / Cu / Ni thin films are formed sequentially on the surface of the polymer strands in the porous support.

[0197] 2) The above anode is LiNi 0.65 Co 0.15 Mn 0.20 It includes O2 as the positive active material.

[0198] (5) An electrode assembly is manufactured by stacking the porous support, the separator, and the anode in the order described above, and the assembly is placed in a coin cell container. At this time, the electrolyte layer of the separator is placed adjacent to the anode.

[0199] (5) Manufacture a negative electrode battery by installing a coin cell cover.

[0200] Example 2. Cathode-free battery

[0201] In the above (4), LiNi is used as the positive active material. 0.65 Co 0.15 Mn 0.20 Instead of O2 LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1A negative electrode battery was manufactured by repeating the same process as in Example 1, except that a positive electrode containing O2 was used.

[0202] Example 3. Cathode-free battery

[0203] In the above (5), an electrode assembly is manufactured by stacking the porous support, the two separator sheets, and the anode in the above order, and the assembly is placed in a coin cell container. At this time, the electrolyte layer located on one side of the substrate layer is placed adjacent to the anode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer located on the other side of the substrate layer is placed adjacent to the porous support. Except for repeating the same process as in Example 1, a non-anode battery is manufactured.

[0204] Example 4. Lithium metal battery

[0205] In the above (5), an electrode assembly is manufactured by stacking the porous support, which is punched out to 15 pi each, the lithium foil with a thickness of 20 μm, the separator, and the positive electrode in the above order, and the assembly is placed in a coin cell container. At this time, the electrolyte layer located on one side of the substrate layer is placed adjacent to the positive electrode active material layer, and the other side of the substrate layer is placed adjacent to the lithium foil. Except for repeating the same process as in Example 1, a lithium metal battery is manufactured.

[0206] [evaluation]

[0207] Experimental Example. Battery Performance Evaluation Test

[0208] The charging and discharging of the batteries of Examples 1 to 4 are repeated according to the following conditions, and their characteristics are measured by a life measurement device (Wonik PNE, PNE Cell Test System for coin cells).

[0209] Charging: CC / CV mode / 0.1 C, 4.2 V & 0.05 C cut

[0210] Discharge: CC mode / 0.1 C, 3.0 V cut

[0211] Meanwhile, the charging and discharging of Example 4 is carried out under the following conditions.

[0212] Rest: 24 hr

[0213] Ch: CC / CV mode / 0.33 C, 4.2 V & 0.05 C cut

[0214] Dch: CC mode / 0.33 C, 3.0 V cut

[0215] Here, Coulomb efficiency (CE) means the value of "discharge capacity / charge capacity * 100", and the average capacity decay rate means the average value of the decrease in Coulomb efficiency during charging and discharging.

[0216] [Results and Discussion]

[0217] Table 1 below summarizes the experimental results of Example 1 and Example 2.

[0218] Example 1 Example 2 Average dose decline rate % -2.45 -1.96 Initial CE 88.29 91.84 Average CE 97.18 97.23

[0219] FIG. 9 illustrates the battery performance evaluation results of Example 1. FIG. 10 illustrates the battery performance evaluation results of Example 2.

[0220] Referring to Table 1 and Figures 9 and 10 above, it is confirmed that the batteries of Example 1 and Example 2 operate normally. Although there are slight differences in the initial CE and capacity degradation rates of Example 1 and Example 2, it is confirmed that this is due to the composition of the cathode active material.

[0221] Tables 2 and 3 summarize the results of Example 1 and Example 3.

[0222] 5 Charge / Discharge Cycle Retention Rate Electrode Utilization Rate Standard Deviation Coulomb Efficiency %-% Example 3 9 3.0 5 2.4 29 8.04 Example 1 8 9.1 4 3.4 39 6.76 * Electrode Utilization Rate = Electrode Activated Capacity / Electrode Theoretical Capacity

[0223] 2nd charge 2nd discharge 5th charge 5th discharge VVVV Example 3 3.85 3.76 3.87 4.75 2 Example 1 3.87 5 3.73 73 3.94 4.73 0 Potential difference (Example 3-Example 1) -0.02 20.02 6 -0.07 0 0.02 2

[0224] FIGS. 11 to 13 illustrate the battery performance evaluation of Example 1 and Example 3. FIG. 12 is the charge-discharge curve of the second charge-discharge cycle. FIG. 13 is the charge-discharge curve of the fifth charge-discharge cycle.

[0225] Referring to Tables 2 and 3 and Figures 11 to 13, it is confirmed that when two separators are used, reversibility is improved, reproducibility is increased, and an overvoltage mitigation effect is exhibited.

[0226] FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the results of the battery performance evaluation of Example 4. Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, it is confirmed that even when the C-rate is increased to 0.33 C, the capacity reduction of the battery of Example 4 is small, and the reproducibility of this capacity reduction is high.

Claims

1. A positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; comprising, The above cathode includes a porous support, and The above porous support comprises a plurality of composite fiber strands, and The above composite fiber strand comprises a polymer strand and a metal coating layer, and The above separator comprises a substrate layer; and an electrolyte layer located on one or both sides of the substrate layer. The above electrolyte layer contains linear carbonate compounds in a larger volume than cyclic carbonate compounds, and The above porous support is a battery in contact with the above separator.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above electrolyte layer is located on one surface of the above substrate layer, and The above porous support is in contact with the above substrate layer, and The above positive electrode is a battery in contact with the above electrolyte layer.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above polymer strand is a battery containing PET (polyethylene terephthalate).

4. In Paragraph 1, The above metal coating layer surrounds the polymer strand in the battery.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above metal coating layer comprises nickel, copper, or a combination thereof in a battery.

6. In Paragraph 1, The above metal coating layer A first metal coating layer located adjacent to the polymer strand; A third metal coating layer located further away from the first metal coating layer on the polymer strand; and A second metal coating layer located between the first metal coating layer and the third coating layer; A battery containing 7. In Paragraph 6, The first metal coating layer and the third metal coating layer include nickel, The above second metal coating layer is a battery containing copper.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above electrolyte layer is located on both sides of the above substrate layer, and The electrolyte layer located on one surface of the above substrate layer is in contact with the above anode, and The electrolyte layer located on the other side of the above substrate layer is in contact with the above porous support.

9. In Paragraph 1, The above linear carbonate-based compound comprises a battery comprising dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, or a combination thereof.

10. In Paragraph 1, The above linear carbonate-based compound is a battery that is liquid at room temperature.

11. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned cyclic carbonate compound comprises vinylethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, dichloroethylene carbonate, bromoethylene carbonate, dibromoethylene carbonate, nitroethylene carbonate, cyanoethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, or a combination thereof.

12. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned cyclic carbonate compound is a battery that is solid at room temperature.

13. In Paragraph 1, A battery in which the volume (volume%) of the linear carbonate-based compound in the above electrolyte layer is within the range of 55 to 95.

14. In Paragraph 1, The above substrate layer is a battery comprising a polyolefin-based film.

15. Anode; cathode; and a separator located between the anode and the cathode; comprising, The above cathode comprises a porous support and a cathode active material layer, and The above porous support comprises a plurality of composite fiber strands, and The above composite fiber strand comprises a polymer strand and a metal coating layer, and The above separator comprises a substrate layer; and an electrolyte layer located on one or both sides of the substrate layer. The above electrolyte layer contains linear carbonate compounds in a larger volume than cyclic carbonate compounds, and The above negative electrode active material layer includes lithium metal, and The above negative electrode active material layer is a battery in contact with the above separator.

16. In Paragraph 15, The above electrolyte layer is located on one surface of the above substrate layer, and The above cathode active material layer is in contact with the above substrate layer, and The above positive electrode is a battery in contact with the above electrolyte layer.

17. In Paragraph 15, The above electrolyte layer is located on both sides of the above substrate layer, and The electrolyte layer located on one surface of the above substrate layer is in contact with the above anode, and A battery in which an electrolyte layer located on the other side of the above substrate layer is in contact with the above negative electrode active material layer.

Images