Life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction
LCM techniques for prediction models in wireless communication systems address inefficiencies in model management, enhancing beam prediction accuracy and reliability, thereby improving communication performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack efficient methods for managing the life cycle of prediction models, particularly for uplink beam prediction, leading to ambiguity and inefficiencies in model training, inference, and performance monitoring.
Implementing lifecycle management (LCM) techniques for prediction models, such as machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) models, that involve efficient signaling and management of model parameters, association IDs, and related information between network entities and UEs to enhance beam prediction accuracy and reliability.
Enables reliable and efficient use of AI/ML models for predicting channel characteristics, improving communication throughput, reducing latency, and enhancing communication reliability by ensuring consistent model training, inference, and performance monitoring.
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Figure CN2024141430_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR UPLINK BEAM PREDICTIONFIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0003] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0004] A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams and transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0005] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams and transmit a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0006] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams and means for transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams and transmit a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0008] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for measuring, based on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals, one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signals, or any combination thereof and performing beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.
[0009] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving signaling that includes an associated ID that indicates a first prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction. In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first prediction model may be a machine learning model or an artificial intelligence model.
[0010] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0011] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams and the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for detecting at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, where the transmitting is based on the first trigger event, and where the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics. In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first trigger event is one of a set of multiple trigger events that are each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values. In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0013] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams and transmitting the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0014] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and providing the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams as training input to the prediction model.
[0015] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and where the scheduling information, a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model.
[0016] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model.
[0017] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, subsequent to transmission of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction configuration. In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0018] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information, receiving a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions, refining the prediction configuration based on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to: a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration, a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration, or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction configuration, where the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0019] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of prediction models.
[0020] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the prediction configuration remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams and the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions associated with the prediction configuration, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0021] A method for wireless communications by a network entity is described. The method may include transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a first machine learning model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more associated predictions of the first machine learning model, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams, receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0022] A network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to transmit, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a first machine learning model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more associated predictions of the first machine learning model, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams, receive, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and select one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0023] Another network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a first machine learning model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more associated predictions of the first machine learning model, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams, means for receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and means for selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a first machine learning model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more associated predictions of the first machine learning model, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams, receive, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and select one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0025] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for configuring the UE to measure, based on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof and configuring the UE to perform beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the first machine learning model.
[0026] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates the first machine learning model from a set of multiple available machine learning models for performing beam prediction.
[0027] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0028] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams and the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0029] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for configuring the UE with at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, and to transmit the report based on the first trigger event, and where the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics. In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first trigger event is one of a set of multiple trigger events that is each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values. In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0030] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of the first machine learning model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams and receiving the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0031] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions, where the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams is provided as training input to the first machine learning model.
[0032] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the first machine learning model from a set of multiple available machine learning models for performing beam prediction, and where the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the first machine learning model.
[0033] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the first machine learning model.
[0034] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, subsequent to receipt of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the first machine learning model.
[0035] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0036] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information, transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions, where the first machine learning model is refined based on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to: a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the first machine learning model, a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the first machine learning model, or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the first machine learning model, where the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0037] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the UE, a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of machine learning models.
[0038] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the first machine learning model remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams and the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions of the first machine learning model, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0039] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 3 shows an example of a model training process that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 4 shows an example of a model inference process that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 5 shows an example of a model performance monitoring process that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIGs. 6A and 6B show examples of performance monitoring trigger events that support life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 7 shows an example of a prediction model update technique that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIGs. 8 and 9 show block diagrams of devices that support life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIGs. 12 and 13 show block diagrams of devices that support life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIGs. 16 through 23 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support life cycle management procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may use a prediction model to predict one or more parameters or characteristics associated with uplink or downlink transmissions. In such cases, the UE may measure respective beams that corresponds to one or more reference signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RSs) ) via a first set of resources, which may be referred to as Set B beams, during a first set of measurement occasions. Additionally, the UE may perform beam prediction for a set of beams associated with a second set of resources, which may be referred to as Set A beams, using a prediction model (e.g., a machine learning model or artificial intelligence model) and based on model training measurement results of the Set B beams and / or historical measurement results of the Set B beams. In such cases, the UE may perform the beam prediction using the prediction model in accordance with a set of prediction parameters that may include, for example, a Set B beam measurement window length, a Set B beam measurement periodicity, and a furthest temporal prediction duration for Set A beams. Further, in some cases, performance monitoring for the prediction model may be performed to identify how closely the predictions of the prediction model match actual measurements, and model updates may be performed based on the performance monitoring.
[0055] Training of the prediction model may be performed using a set of training beam measurements that are associated with a model identification of the prediction model, which may be referred to as an association identification (ID) . Further, model inference in which predicted measurements of beams, and model performance monitoring, may also be performed based on the association ID of the model. However, efficient signaling for performing model training, inference, and performance monitoring has not been defined. Further, in some cases it may be desirable to perform beam prediction at a UE for uplink-receive beam measurements at a network entity, which may be useful when beam reciprocity may not be present for one or more beams (e.g., when a relatively strong downlink received signal strength of a downlink beam has a relatively weak uplink received signal strength for a corresponding uplink beam) . For UE implementation of such models, efficient techniques for signaling various model parameters, association IDs, and related information associated with model life cycle management (LCM) may be desirable in order to efficiently manage prediction models at the UE.
[0056] In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, techniques for LCM are provided for prediction models, such as machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) models, that may be used for beam prediction in a wireless communications system. In some aspects, information related to training, inference, and performance of a prediction configuration at a UE, such as a prediction configuration that uses a prediction model, may be exchanged between a network entity and one or more UEs, and AI / ML LCM may be performed in accordance with the information. In some cases, LCM aspects include training data collection, inference frameworks, performance monitoring, and ensuring consistency of network-side additional conditions (e.g., conditions for performing beam prediction) , for network-side receive beam prediction by a UE using AI / ML model (s) . The AI / ML models may be trained based on measurements (e.g., reference signal receive power (RSRP) or signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) measurements) from uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRSs) ) transmitted by a UE.
[0057] In some aspects, for training data collection, a UE may be scheduled with a number of downlink reference signals (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI reference signals) , and the same number of uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) together with an associated ID, where the downlink reference signals are associated with the same number of network entity downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams, and spatial relation information (e.g., indicated by transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states or srs-SpatialRelationInfo) with respect to the uplink reference signals are respectively associated with the downlink reference signals. The UE may acquire measured channel characteristics as measured at the network entity with respect to the uplink reference signals via control signaling, such as via downlink control information (DCI) a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , or radio resource control (RRC) signaling. AI / ML algorithm (s) at the UE with respect to the associated ID that output predicted channel characteristics for the uplink-receive beams may be trained, where the inputs include at least channel characteristics of the corresponding downlink-transmit beams based on measurements of the downlink reference signals, and the outputs may be trained based at least on the channel characteristics measured from the uplink reference signals.
[0058] In some aspects, for inference, an AL / ML model may predict channel characteristics with respect to uplink-receive beams using downlink-transmit beam measurements. In some cases, the UE may be instructed by the network entity to predict and report channel characteristics on a number of uplink-receive beams (e.g., predicted RSRPs / SINRs that would be measured at the network entity for an uplink signal) , which are respectively associated with the same number of downlink-receive beams transmitted via the downlink reference signals, and the prediction is based at least in part on measurements of the downlink reference signals and the indicated associated ID for the AI / ML model. In some cases, the network entity may also signal the associated ID for the instructed UE-side prediction.
[0059] In some aspects, for performance monitoring, while the prediction associated with the inference step is on-going, the network entity may further schedule additional uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) with spatial relation information (e.g., TCI-states / srs-SpatialRelationInfo’s) associated with one or more of the downlink reference signals considered in the inference step. In some cases, performance monitoring may be performed at the network, where the network entity may compare UE reported prediction results against measurements on the uplink reference signals to determine further actions. In other cases, performance monitoring may be performed at the UE, and for UE-based performance monitoring the UE may receive network-signaled measurement results for the uplink reference signals, representing channel characteristics on corresponding uplink-receive beams and the UE may determine or recommend further AI / ML action (e.g., activation, deactivation, or a switch of models) based on such signaled measurement results. In further cases, UE-assisted performance monitoring may be used, where the UE may receive network-signaled measurement results for the uplink reference signals, representing actually measured channel characteristics on corresponding uplink-receive beams; the UE may further calculate and report statistical differences between its predicted channel characteristics for the uplink-receive beams and the actually measured channel characteristics on the same uplink-receive beams in their overlapping occasions; and the network entity may determine further actions according to such UE reports.
[0060] In some aspects, one or more network-side additional conditions may be associated with use of one or more AI / ML models, and consistency of the network-side additional conditions may be maintained via associated ID (s) that correspond to the uplink-receive beams. Such additional conditions may include, for example, consistency of beam shapes, quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships, or ordering / indexing for downlink-transmit beams, that may be extended and applied to uplink-receive beams (e.g., beams used for transmission of uplink communications from the UE to the network entity) . In some cases, as long as the same associated ID is signaled by the network entity during training and inference, the UE may assume the network-side additional conditions regarding the downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams at the network entity are consistent across training and inference.
[0061] LCM management in accordance with the various techniques discussed herein may provide for efficient signaling of information related to prediction configurations that may be used at a UE for beam prediction for one or more uplink beam characteristics. Such techniques may provide that there is no ambiguity in model identification between a UE and a network entity for model training procedures, model inference procedures, and model performance monitoring procedures, which may enable reliable and efficient use of AI / ML models to predict channel characteristics. The predicted channel characteristics may be used to determine communication parameters for communications between the UE and the network entity, and reliable predictions may allow for enhanced throughput, reduced latency, and enhanced communications reliability.
[0062] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to model training, inference, and performance monitoring processes, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction.
[0063] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0064] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0065] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1. In some examples, a UE 115 may support artificial intelligence and / or machine learning functionalities in one or more prediction models, which the UE 115 may use to perform wireless communications procedures (e.g., CSI prediction, beam selection or beam prediction, among other examples) . For example, the UE 115 may perform lifecycle management (LCM) operations for model training, inference data generation, and model performance monitoring, associated with one or more artificial intelligence / machine learning functions. Further, LCM operations for a given prediction model (e.g., AI / ML model) and / or functionality may include model or functionality selection, activation, deactivation, switching, and fallback, among other examples. As described herein, an artificial intelligence functionality or artificial intelligence model may be referred to as a machine leaning functionality or machine learning model, or vice versa, and the term “prediction model” may be used to generally refer models based on AI or ML functionality. That is, the terms “artificial intelligence, ” “machine learning, ” and “prediction model” may, in some examples, be used interchangeably to refer to similar technologies, models, functions, or any combination thereof. In some examples, machine learning operations may be considered a subset of artificial intelligence operations. In any case, aspects of the features described herein may be referred to as machine learning functionalities, machine learning functions, machine learning models, machine learning services, machine learning operations, or the like, but these aspects may be similarly applicable to artificial intelligence functionalities, artificial intelligence functions, artificial intelligence models, artificial intelligence services, artificial intelligence operations, or any combination thereof. Thus, reference to “machine learning” herein may refer to machine learning, artificial intelligence, or both, and the term “machine learning” should not be considered limiting to the scope of the claims or the disclosure.
[0066] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0067] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0068] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0069] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0070] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0071] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0072] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0073] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0074] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0075] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0076] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0077] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0078] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0079] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0080] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0081] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0082] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0083] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0084] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0085] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0086] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0087] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0088] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0089] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0090] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0091] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0092] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0093] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0094] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0095] In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 and network entities 105 may perform LCM techniques for ML / AI models used for beam prediction. In some cases, model information related to training, inference, and model performance using AI / ML models may be exchanged between a network entity 105 and one or more UEs 115, and AI / ML LCM may be performed in accordance with the model information. In some cases, LCM aspects include training data collection, inference frameworks, performance monitoring, and ensuring consistency of network-side additional conditions, for network-side receive beam prediction by a UE using AI / ML model (s) . The AI / ML models may be trained based on measurements (e.g., RSRP / SINR measurements) from uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) transmitted by a UE 115.
[0096] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include one or more UEs 115 and one or more network entities 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0097] In wireless communications system 200, a UE 115, may perform beam management in which the UE 115 may establish a beam pair associated with threshold connectivity (e.g., quality above a threshold) and may update the beam pair to maintain the threshold connectivity. Additionally, the UE 115 may perform beam prediction in accordance with a prediction configuration to support updating, or reselection, of the beam pair to maintain the threshold connectivity. For example, the UE 115 may perform beam prediction in a time domain, a spatial domain, or both, to reduce overhead and latency, and to improve beam selection accuracy (e.g., as compared to not performing beam prediction) .
[0098] In some cases, the UE 115 may be configured to perform the beam prediction using a beam prediction (e.g., machine learning) model 205, which may be referred to as a model 205. For example, the UE 115 may perform spatial domain beam prediction (e.g., spatial domain downlink beam prediction) using the model 205 for a beam set 220-a (e.g., Set A beams) associated with downlink beam prediction based on measurement results of a beam set 220-b (e.g., Set B beams) associated with downlink beam measurement. In such cases, the beam set 220-b may be a subgroup, or subset, or the beam set 220-a. Alternatively, the beam set 220-a may be different than the beam set 220-b. For example, the beam set 220-a may include or be associated with relatively narrow beams and the beam set 220-b may include or be associated with relatively wide beams. In some implementations, the model 205 may generate predictions for uplink beam reception characteristics at the network entity 105. For example, the model 205 may generate RSRP or SINR predictions for receptions of uplink communications at the network entity 105. In some implementations, the UE 115 may provide a capability message 210 that indicates a UE 115 capability to perform beam prediction for uplink-receive beams at the network entity 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the capability message 210 may indicate a UE 115 capability to perform UE-based or UE-assisted performance monitoring of AI / ML models. In some cases, the network entity 105 may transmit a parameter configuration 215 to the UE 115, which may indicate one or more parameters associated with AI / ML model LCM, such as an association ID of one or more models, one or more beams associated with each model, or any combination thereof. The UE 115 may also provide a CSI report 220, which may indicate one or more predicted beam parameters based on a selected AI / ML model.
[0099] In some cases, the parameter configuration 215 may provide model information related to training, inference, and model performance using a prediction model, and AI / ML LCM may be performed in accordance with the model information. In some cases, LCM aspects include training data collection, inference frameworks, performance monitoring, and ensuring consistency of network-side additional conditions (e.g., conditions for performing beam prediction) , for network-side receive beam prediction by the UE 115 using AI / ML model (s) . The AI / ML models may be trained based on measurements (e.g., RSRP or SINR measurements) from uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) transmitted by the UE 115.
[0100] In some aspects, for training data collection, UE 115 may be scheduled with a number of downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB or CSI reference signals) , and the same number of uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) together with an associated ID, where the downlink reference signals are associated with the same number of network entity 105 downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams, and spatial relation information (e.g., indicated by TCI states or srs-SpatialRelationInfo) with respect to the uplink reference signals are respectively associated with the downlink reference signals. The UE 115 may acquire measured channel characteristics as measured at the network entity 105 with respect to the uplink reference signals via control signaling, such as via DCI, a MAC-CE, or RRC signaling. Model 205 at the UE 115 may be indicted by the associated ID, and may output predicted channel characteristics for the uplink-receive beams based on model training, where the inputs include at least channel characteristics of the corresponding downlink-transmit beams based on measurements of the downlink reference signals, and the outputs may be trained based at least on the channel characteristics measured from the uplink reference signals.
[0101] In some aspects, for inference, model 205 may predict channel characteristics with respect to uplink-receive beams using downlink-transmit beam measurements. In some cases, the UE 115 may be instructed by the network entity 105 to predict and report channel characteristics on a number of uplink-receive beams (e.g., predicted RSRPs / SINRs that would be measured at the network entity for an uplink signal) , which are respectively associated with the same number of downlink-receive beams transmitted via the downlink reference signals, and the prediction is based at least in part on measurements of the downlink reference signals and the indicated associated ID for the model 205. In some cases, the network entity 105 may also signal the associated ID for the instructed UE-side prediction.
[0102] In some aspects, for performance monitoring, while the prediction associated with the inference step is on-going, the network entity 105 may further schedule additional uplink reference signals (e.g., SRSs) with spatial relation information (e.g., TCI-states / srs-SpatialRelationInfo’s) associated with one or more of the downlink reference signals considered in the inference step. In some cases, performance monitoring may be performed at the network entity 105, where the network entity 105 may compare UE 115 reported prediction results against measurements on the uplink reference signals to determine further actions. In other cases, performance monitoring may be performed at the UE 115, and for UE-based performance monitoring the UE 115 may receive network-signaled measurement results for the uplink reference signals, representing channel characteristics on corresponding uplink-receive beams and the UE 115 may determine or recommend further AI / ML action (e.g., activation, deactivation, or a switch of models) based on such signaled measurement results. In further cases, UE-assisted performance monitoring may be used, where the UE 115 may receive network-signaled measurement results for the uplink reference signals, representing actually measured channel characteristics on corresponding uplink-receive beams; the UE 115 may further calculate and report statistical differences between its predicted channel characteristics for the uplink-receive beams and the actually measured channel characteristics on the same uplink-receive beams in their overlapping occasions; and the network entity 105 may determine further actions according to such UE 115 reports.
[0103] In some aspects, one or more network-side additional conditions may be associated with use of model 205, and consistency of the network-side additional conditions may be maintained via associated ID that corresponds to the uplink-receive beams. Such additional conditions may include, for example, consistency of beam shapes, QCL relationships, or ordering / indexing for downlink-transmit beams, that may be extended and applied to uplink-receive beams. In some cases, as long as the same associated ID is signaled by the network entity 105 during training and inference, the UE 115 may assume the network-side additional conditions regarding the downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams at the network entity 105 are consistent across training and inference.
[0104] FIG. 3 shows an example of a model training process 300 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the model training process 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or 200. For example, the model training process 300 may include a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0105] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may signal an associated ID (or multiple associated IDs) to the UE 115, which may indicate an AI / ML model that is to be trained at the UE 115. The network entity 105 may transmit multiple downlink reference signals 310, such as SSBs or CSI reference signals, that are each associated with a downlink-transmit beam with respect to the network entity 105. The UE 115 may measure the downlink-transmit beams at 315 (e.g., measure RSRP, SINR, or any combination thereof) . The UE 115 may transmit uplink reference signals 320, such as SRSs, that are each associated with an uplink-receive beam with respect to the network entity 105, where each uplink-receive beam corresponds to one or the downlink-transmit beams. The network entity 105 may measure the uplink-receive beams, at 325 (e.g., measure RSRP, SINR, or any combination thereof) . The network entity 105 may then transmit an indication of the uplink-receive beam measurements 330 to the UE 115 (e.g., in a DCI transmission, in a MAC-CE, in RRC signaling, or any combination thereof) . The UE 115 may, at 335, provide the measurements to the indicated AI / ML model (s) 340 for model training. In some implementations, model training may be performed at a third party training server 345, and model characteristics provided to the UE 115 (e.g., weights to be applied to nodes of a neural network based AI / ML model) .
[0106] In some aspects, a linkage among the downlink reference signals 310 (e.g., SSBs / CSI-RSs) , uplink reference signals 320 (e.g., SRSs) , and associated ID (s) may be indicated to the UE 115. For example, the linkage may be provided by the associated ID signaled by RRC signaling, such as in CSI-ReportConfig / CSI-ResourceConfig / CSI-SSB-ResourceSet / NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet associated with the SSBs / CSI-RSs, while the associated ID 305 may be signaled by RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI that schedules the uplink reference signals 320. The UE 115 may identify the linkage between the downlink reference signals and the uplink reference signals based on a same associated ID that is signaled. In another example, the associated ID 305 may be signaled in RRC signaling, such as by CSI-ReportConfig / CSI-ResourceConfig / CSI-SSB-ResourceSet / NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet associated with the downlink reference signals 310, while RRC / MAC-CE / DCI scheduling of the uplink reference signals 320 may include an ID of the CSI-ReportConfig / CSI-ResourceConfig / CSI-SSB-ResourceSet / NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet associated with the downlink reference signals 310, which also allows the UE 115 to identify the linkage between the downlink reference signals 310 and the uplink reference signals 320. In a further example, the associated ID 305 may be signaled by RRC / MAC-CE / DCI scheduling the uplink reference signals 320, while RRC signaling such as CSI-ReportConfig / CSI-ResourceConfig / CSI-SSB-ResourceSet / NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet associated with the downlink reference signals further indicates an ID of uplink reference signals resources (e.g., SRS resources) or an ID of the uplink reference signal resource set (s) , which also allows the UE 115 to identify linkage between the downlink reference signals 310 and the uplink reference signals 320.
[0107] In some aspects, the uplink-receive beam measurements 330 may have a linkage to the uplink reference signals 320. For example, uplink-receive beam measurements 330 on the SRSs obtained by the UE 115 may be signaled via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI, and also include or are linked to (e.g., by referring to the SRS resource set ID or the ReportConfig / ResourceConfig / ResourceSet ID) an associated ID, and the UE 115 identifies the linkage between such measurement results and the downlink reference signals 310 (e.g., SSBs / CSI-RSs / SRSs) , based on a same associated ID that is identified as in the other examples. In some cases, a timeline associated with a MAC-CE or DCI indication of measurement results for the UL measurements may be associated with the uplink reference signal occasion closest to the slot carrying the MAC-CE or DCI. In some cases, for RRC indication of measurement results for the uplink measurements, the RRC signaling may include time-stamp information for the respective measurement occasions (e.g., absolute time and / or system frame number (SFN) / slot-ID) .
[0108] FIG. 4 shows an example of a model inference process 400 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the model inference process 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or 200. For example, the model inference process 400 may include a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0109] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may signal an associated ID 405 (or multiple associated IDs) to the UE 115, which may indicate AI / ML model (s) 420 to be used for model inference at the UE 115. The network entity 105 may transmit multiple downlink reference signals 410, such as SSBs or CSI reference signals, that are each associated with a downlink-transmit beam with respect to the network entity 105. The UE 115 may measure the downlink-transmit beams at 415 (e.g., measure RSRP, SINR, or any combination thereof) . The UE 115 may provide the measurement information to the AI / ML model (s) 420, and at 425 may obtain prediction results from the AI / ML model (s) 420. The UE 115 may transmit the prediction results 430 to the network entity 105. At 435, the network entity 105 may determine uplink TCI state (s) for subsequent communications, and may transmit an indication of uplink TCI state (s) 440 to the UE 115. The UE 115 may transmit uplink transmissions 445 (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , or both) to the network entity 105 using the indicated uplink TCI state (s) .
[0110] In some implementations, the prediction results may be provided by a CSI report based prediction results feedback. For example, the UE 115 may be scheduled with a CSI report to feedback the predicted channel characteristics on the uplink-receive beams. In some cases, RRC signaling may configure the reporting of prediction results. For example, a reportQuantity configured by CSI-ReportConfig associated with the CSI report can be defined based on one or more of the following definitions, where which ones to be used may be predefined for the corresponding associated ID, or signaled by the network entity 105 together with the associated ID during training data collection, or reported by the UE 115 for the associated ID as UE 115 capabilities before inference. One definition for such a reportQuantity may be for channel characteristics that include one or more of (1) predicted uplink-RSRPs / SINRs on TopK uplink-receive beams, together with their uplink-receive beam IDs; (2) predicted probabilities of being Top1 / TopK uplink-receive beams on TopK uplink-receive beams, together with their uplink-receive beam IDs; (3) only the predicted TopK uplink-receive beams in terms of UL-RSRP / SINR; or (4) only the predicted TopK uplink-receive beam-IDs in terms of probabilities being Top1 / TopK uplink-receive beams with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR. Another definition may be for a temporal prediction or not that include: (1, non-temporal) the predicted channel characteristics are associated with a temporal occasion (e.g., CSI reference resource with respect to the CSI report) no later than the slot carrying the CSI report; or (2, temporal) the predicted channel characteristics are associated with a temporal occasion later than the slot carrying the CSI report or later than the CSI reference resource associated with the CSI report.
[0111] In some aspects, the UE 115 may provide event-triggered prediction results feedback. In some implementations, the UE 115 may be event triggered to feedback the predicted channel characteristics on the uplink-receive beams, where the triggering event (s) can be predefined and / or network signaled, network controlled, or both. For example, triggering events may be based on values of {K1, K2, X, Y, Z} , which may be predefined and / or network signaled (where K1 is a first quantity of beams, K2 is a second quantity of beams, X is a first dB value, Y is a second dB value, and Z is a dBm value) . In one example, a triggering event may be that a predicted TopK1 uplink-receive beams with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR or with respect to probabilities of being Top1 / TopK1 uplink-receive beams, does not include the uplink-receive beams associated with the TopK2 downlink-transmit beams identified based on actually measured (or also predicted future) DL-RSRPs / SINRs of the SSBs / CSI-RSs. An illustration of this example is provided in FIG. 6A. In another example, a triggering event may be that the uplink-receive beams associated with the TopK2 downlink-transmit beams identified based on actually measured (or also predicted future) DL-RSRPs / SINRs of the SSBs / CSI-RSs, does not include predicted TopK1 uplink-receive beams with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR or with respect to probabilities being Top1 / TopK1 uplink-receive beams. In another example, a triggering event may be that a predicted UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the uplink-receive beam associated with the Top1 DL-Rx beam identified based on DL-RSRP / SINR via actual measurement of the SSBs / CSI-RSs, is more than X-dB weaker than the predicted UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the Top1 predicted uplink-receive beam with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR or with respect to probabilities being Top1 / TopK1 uplink-receive beam (s) , and / or more than Y-dB weaker than Z dBm. An illustration of this example is provided in FIG. 6B.
[0112] In some implementations, the prediction results 430 may be provided in a MAC-CE. In some cases, the payload information of the MAC-CE may include information defined by the reportQuantity for CSI report based feedback, as discussed above. In some cases, both the triggering event (s) and the MAC-CE payload, may be temporal or non-temporal, with respect to predictions for either time occasion (s) earlier or later than the slot carrying the MAC-CE. Further, both the triggering event (s) and the MAC-CE payload, may be instantaneous or statistical, based on either statistical prediction results with respect to various time occasions (e.g., the events defined above need to be observed for more than certain times for a certain historical / future window) or instantaneous prediction results with respect to a single time occasion.
[0113] FIG. 5 shows an example of a model performance monitoring process 500 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the model performance monitoring process 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or 200. For example, the model performance monitoring process 500 may include a UE 115 and a network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0114] In some implementations, the network entity 105 may signal an associated ID 505 (or multiple associated IDs) to the UE 115, which may indicate AI / ML model (s) 520 to be used for model inference at the UE 115. The network entity 105 may transmit multiple downlink reference signals 510, such as SSBs or CSI reference signals, that are each associated with a downlink-transmit beam with respect to the network entity 105. The UE 115 may measure the downlink-transmit beams at 515 (e.g., measure RSRP, SINR, or any combination thereof) . The UE 115 may provide the measurement information to the AI / ML model (s) 520, and at 525 may obtain prediction results from the AI / ML model (s) 520. The UE 115 may transmit the prediction results 530 to the network entity 105. At 535, the network entity 105 may determine to monitor performance of the indicated AI / ML model (s) 520, and may transmit uplink reference signal scheduling information 540 to the UE 115. Based on the scheduling information, the UE 115 may transmit uplink reference signals 545 (e.g., SRSs) , and at 550 the network entity 105 may measure uplink-receive beams. Based on the measured uplink-receive beams, the AI / ML model (s) 520 may be refined, or switched, for example.
[0115] In some implementations, for a given performance monitoring occasion, the UE 115 may expect to be scheduled with the same number of uplink reference signals 545 as the number of target network entity 105 uplink-receive beams to be predicted, which may be applicable to all performance monitoring metrics but result in relatively large overhead and power consumption. For example, TCI-states or srs-SpatialRelationInfo with respect to such performance monitoring SRSs may be configured to be based on the SSBs / CSI-RSs with respect to the downlink-transmit beams. In other implementations, for a given performance monitoring occasion, the UE 115 may expect to be scheduled with only K SRSs, whose TCI-states or srs-SpatialRelationInfo are associated with the SSBs / CSI-RSs transmitted by the network entity 105 downlink-transmit beams whose associated network entity uplink-receive beams are the predicted TopK network entity uplink-receive beams regarding the performance monitoring occasion. Such techniques may provide for smaller overhead and power consumption comparing to the above example, but would only be applicable to limited performance monitoring metrics. For example, for CSI report based prediction results feedback, TCI-states or srs-SpatialRelationInfo with respect to such performance monitoring SRSs do not need to be explicitly signaled, instead they can be adaptively identified based on UE 115 predicted TopK uplink-receive beams’ corresponding downlink-receive beams and their associated SSBs / CSI-RSs, without explicit signaling (e.g., ordering can be based on entry-ID order of the SSBs / CSI-RSs defined in the corresponding SSB / CSI-RS resource set) .
[0116] In some aspects, performance monitoring metrics may be used to determine model updates or whether to switch models. For example, a metric may be based on measured characteristics versus predicted characteristics. In a first example, the UE 115 may calculate: where corresponds to actually measured UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the Top1 UE predicted network entity 105 uplink-receive beam but actually measured via SRSs, and is a predicted UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the Top1 UE predicted uplink-receive beam. A determination of AI / ML functionality / model activation / deactivation / switch associated with uplink-receive beam prediction (for UE-based performance monitoring) , or report statistical results from various measurement+prediction occasions associated with Δη (M, P) (e.g., when Δη (M, P) exceeds a network configured or predefined threshold, it is considered as a performance failure instance (PFI) , and when the number of PFIs exceeds another network configured or predefined threshold, it is considered as a performance failure event (PFE) , and the UE 115 should report at least PFE when it is observed) .
[0117] In another example, a metric may be based on measured characteristics versus measured characteristics. In such an example, the UE 115 may replace Δη (M, P) in the above example, with where is actually measured UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the Top1 network entity 105 uplink-receive beam) , and remaining details are similar as in the first example. In a further example, instantaneous or statistical accuracies may be derived of TopK predicted network entity 105 uplink-receive beams versus TopK measured network entity 105 uplink-receive beams, using predicted UL-RSRPs / SINRs and actually measured UL-RSRP / SINRs, and remaining details are similar as in the first example.
[0118] FIGs. 6A and 6B show examples of performance monitoring trigger events 600 and 650 that support LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the performance monitoring trigger events 600 and 650 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or 200. For example, performance monitoring trigger events 600 and 650 may be implemented by a UE 115, which may be an example of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0119] In the example of FIG. 6A, a set of predicted uplink-receive beams 605 may be compared with a set of corresponding measured (or predicted future) downlink-transmit beams 615. In this example, a triggering event may be that a predicted TopK1 uplink-receive beams 610 with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR or with respect to probabilities of being Top1 / TopK1 uplink-receive beams, does not include the uplink-receive beams associated with the TopK2 downlink-transmit beams 620 identified based on actually measured (or also predicted future) DL-RSRPs / SINRs of the SSBs / CSI-RSs.
[0120] In the example of FIG. 6B, a set of uplink-receive beam predicted future RSRPs 655 may be compared with a signaled or predefined threshold value 665. A triggering event may be that a predicted UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the uplink-receive beam associated with the Top1 DL-Rx beam (e.g., beam 5) identified based on DL-RSRP / SINR via actual measurement of the SSBs / CSI-RSs, is more than X-dB weaker than the predicted UL-RSRP / SINR with respect to the Top1 predicted uplink-receive beam (e.g., beam 7) with respect to UL-RSRP / SINR or with respect to probabilities being Top1 / TopK1 uplink-receive beam (s) , and / or more than Y-dB 670 weaker than a predefined threshold value 660 of Z dBm.
[0121] FIG. 7 shows an example of a prediction model update 700 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the prediction model update 700 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or 200. For example, prediction model update 700 may be implemented by a UE 115 or network entity 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0122] In this example, an AI / ML model 705 may be used for beam prediction at a UE.The AI / ML model 705 may receive downlink-transmit beam measurements 710, and may output predicted uplink channel characteristics 730. In some aspects, network or UE-based performance monitoring 715 may be performed, and the UE may transmit SRS based on scheduled uplink reference signal resources 720 that are scheduled to the UE (e.g., via RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI) , and performance monitoring uplink RSRP measurements 725 of the SRS transmissions may also be provided to the AI / ML model 705, which may update based on the performance monitoring uplink RSRP measurements 725. Thus, such techniques may use performance monitoring SRSs to improve prediction accuracy.
[0123] In some implementations, uplink RSRPs measured from the performance monitoring SRSs using the associated network entity uplink-receive beams can be signaled from the network entity to the UE, which may be used to improve UE-side prediction accuracy. Whether this is supported by the UE, can be subject to UE capabilities determined earlier during model training (e.g., since the training data set would comprise such UL-RSRPs) . In some cases, such UE capabilities can be reported before inference. If such capabilities are supported by the UE, the network entity may be willing to signal uplink RSRP back to the UE, if performance monitoring is network-based. Otherwise, if such capabilities are not supported by the UE, if performance monitoring is only network-based, the network may not signal such UL-RSRPs back to the UE.
[0124] In some aspects, before inference, performance monitoring, or both, the UE may also report its additional UE capabilities, on whether it could further use measurements on the SRS-based performance monitoring RSs, as inputs to derive the predicted channel characteristics on the network entity uplink-receive beams. If such UE capabilities are reported as supported, and even if performance monitoring is purely network-based, the UE may expect signaling from the network entity regarding measurement results the SRSs (e.g., UL-RSRPs measured respectively from such SRSs, or TopK SRS resources with respect to UL-RSRPs measured based on such SRSs, etc. ) , via RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI.
[0125] As discussed herein, in some aspects the UE and network entity may provide for consistency of network-side additional conditions. Such consistency may provide that one or more conditions are consistent across training and inference, such as one or more of spatial filters, number of downlink and uplink beams, ordering of uplink and downlink beams and their associated downlink and uplink reference signals, QCL relationships, temporal parameters, power-domain parameters, or frequency-domain parameters. For transmit and receive spatial filters, such spatial filters (which can be further, if applicable, defined based on pointing directions and or beam-widths) associated with the candidate network entity downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams, should be the same (or should be varied within a predefined limit) across training and inference. For the number of downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams, the total number of downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams and their associated SSBs / CSI-RSs / SRSs, should be the same across training and inference.
[0126] For the ordering of downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beams and their associated SSBs / CSI-RSs / SRSs, the ordering may be implicit or explicit. Implicit order consistency may be provided by mapping from network entity downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam IDs to SSBs / CSI-RSs / SRSs based on ascending or descending orders, of first the involved SSB / CSI-RS / SRS resource set IDs and / or second the SSB / CSI-RS / SRS resource entry-IDs defined within their resource sets, both during training and inference. Explicit order consistency may be provided by, for each SSB / CSI-RS / SRS, its associated network entity downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam ID is explicitly signaled across training and inference. For QCL relationships, if an SSB / CSI-RS associated with a first downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam is QCL’ed with another SSB / CSI-RS associated with a second downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam during training data collection, the SSB / CSI-RS associated with the first downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam should also be QCL’ed with the SSB / CSI-RS associated with the second downlink-transmit / uplink-receive beam during inference.
[0127] For temporal measurement parameters, if the UE was receiving the SSBs / CSI-RSs based on a first periodicity P1 during training data collection, the UE is only expected to receive the SSBs / CSI-RSs based on a second periodicity P2=N×P1, where candidates of integer N ≥ 1 can be network signaled during training data collection, and / or UE reported as UE capabilities before inference. For Temporal prediction parameters, if the UE is scheduled to transmit SRSs {L, 2L, 3L, …M×L} slots / ms / subframes / frames after a historical SSB / CSI-RS measurement occasion during training data collection, the UE is only expected to predict the uplink-receive beams’ channel characteristics with respect to {L, 2L, 3L, …M×L} slots / ms / subframes / frames later than the latest SSB / CSI-RS measurement occasion or CSI reference resource or slot carrying the CSI report or slot carrying the MAC-CE report, where the candidate or maximum value (s) of M can be network signaled during training data collection, and / or UE reported as UE capabilities before inference. For power-domain parameters, absolute energy per resource element (EPRE) of the respective SSBs / CSI-RSs, and / or EPRE-ratios among the respective SSBs / CSI-RSs, should be remain the same across training and inference. For frequency-domain parameters, a frequency range (FR) or frequencies with respect to the component carriers (CCs) or bandwidth of the bandwidth parts (BWPs) associated with the SSBs / CSI-RSs / SRSs, should be the same (or varied within a predefined limit) across training and inference.
[0128] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0129] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0130] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0131] The communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0132] In some examples, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0134] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0135] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0136] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for efficient signaling of information related to LCM of AI / ML models that may be used at a UE for beam prediction for one or more uplink beam characteristics. Such techniques may provide that there is no ambiguity in model identification between a UE and a network entity for model training procedures, model inference procedures, and model performance monitoring procedures, which may enable reliable and efficient use of AI / ML models to predict channel characteristics, which in turn may provide for enhanced throughput, reduced latency, enhanced communications reliability, reduced power consumption, and efficient use of communications resources.
[0137] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a device 805 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905, or one of more components of the device 905 (e.g., the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0138] The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0139] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0140] The device 905, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a configuration component 925 a reporting component 930, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The configuration component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The reporting component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0142] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a communications manager 1020 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820, a communications manager 920, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a configuration component 1025, a reporting component 1030, a measurement component 1035, a beam prediction component 1040, a trigger event component 1045, a scheduling component 1050, a reference signal transmission component 1055, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0143] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The configuration component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The reporting component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0144] In some examples, the measurement component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring, based on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the beam prediction component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.
[0145] In some examples, the configuration component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates a prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction.
[0146] In some examples, the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0147] In some examples, the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. In some examples, the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0148] In some examples, the trigger event component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for detecting at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, where the transmitting is based on the first trigger event, and where the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0149] In some examples, the first trigger event is one of a set of multiple trigger events that are each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values.
[0150] In some examples, the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0151] In some examples, the scheduling component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams. In some examples, the reference signal transmission component 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0152] In some examples, the beam prediction component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions. In some examples, the beam prediction component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for providing the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams as training input to the prediction model.
[0153] In some examples, the configuration component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates a prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and where the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model.
[0154] In some examples, the beam prediction component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model.
[0155] In some examples, the scheduling component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, subsequent to transmission of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction model.
[0156] In some examples, the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0157] In some examples, the reference signal transmission component 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. In some examples, the measurement component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions. In some examples, the beam prediction component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for refining the prediction model based on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction model, a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction model, or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction model, where the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0158] In some examples, the configuration component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of prediction models.
[0159] In some examples, the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the prediction configuration remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams. In some examples, the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions of the prediction configuration, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0160] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include components of a device 805, a device 905, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1105 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1120, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1110, a transceiver 1115, one or more antennas 1125, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, and at least one processor 1140. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1145) .
[0161] The I / O controller 1110 may manage input and output signals for the device 1105. The I / O controller 1110 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1105. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1110 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1140. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1105 via the I / O controller 1110 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1110.
[0162] In some cases, the device 1105 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1105 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1115 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1125 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1115 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1125. The transceiver 1115, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, may be an example of a transmitter 815, a transmitter 915, a receiver 810, a receiver 910, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0163] The at least one memory 1130 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1135. The code 1135 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1140, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1135 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1140 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1130 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0164] The at least one processor 1140 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1140. The at least one processor 1140 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1130) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1140, the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0165] In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1130 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1140) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1130) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1140 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to”may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1135 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1130 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0166] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0167] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for efficient signaling of information related to LCM of AI / ML models that may be used at a UE for beam prediction for one or more uplink beam characteristics. Such techniques may provide that there is no ambiguity in model identification between a UE and a network entity for model training procedures, model inference procedures, and model performance monitoring procedures, which may enable reliable and efficient use of AI / ML models to predict channel characteristics, which in turn may provide for enhanced throughput, reduced latency, enhanced communications reliability, reduced power consumption, and efficient use of communications resources.
[0168] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1115, the one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1140, the at least one memory 1130, the code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1135 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein, or the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0169] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205, or one or more components of the device 1205 (e.g., the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0170] The receiver 1210 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. In some examples, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0171] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0172] The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0173] In some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0174] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0175] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0176] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0177] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for efficient signaling of information related to LCM of AI / ML models that may be used at a UE for beam prediction for one or more uplink beam characteristics. Such techniques may provide that there is no ambiguity in model identification between a UE and a network entity for model training procedures, model inference procedures, and model performance monitoring procedures, which may enable reliable and efficient use of AI / ML models to predict channel characteristics, which in turn may provide for enhanced throughput, reduced latency, enhanced communications reliability, reduced power consumption, and efficient use of communications resources.
[0178] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a device 1205 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one of more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communications manager 1320) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0179] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. In some examples, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0180] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1315 and the receiver 1310 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0181] The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a configuration component 1325, a reporting component 1330, a beam selection component 1335, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0182] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The configuration component 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction of, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The reporting component 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The beam selection component 1335 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0183] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a configuration component 1425, a reporting component 1430, a beam selection component 1435, a beam prediction component 1440, a trigger event component 1445, a scheduling component 1450, a reference signal reception component 1455, a measurement component 1460, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0184] The communications manager 1420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The configuration component 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The reporting component 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The beam selection component 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0185] In some examples, the configuration component 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for configuring the UE to measure, based on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the beam prediction component 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for configuring the UE to perform beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.
[0186] In some examples, the configuration component 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates a prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction.
[0187] In some examples, the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0188] In some examples, the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. In some examples, the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0189] In some examples, the trigger event component 1445 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for configuring the UE with at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, and to transmit the report based on the first trigger event, and where the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0190] In some examples, the first trigger event is one of a set of multiple trigger events that are each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values.
[0191] In some examples, the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0192] In some examples, the scheduling component 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams. In some examples, the reference signal reception component 1455 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0193] In some examples, the beam prediction component 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions, where the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams is provided as training input to the prediction model.
[0194] In some examples, the configuration component 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and where the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model.
[0195] In some examples, the beam prediction component 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model.
[0196] In some examples, the scheduling component 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, subsequent to receipt of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction model.
[0197] In some examples, the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0198] In some examples, the reference signal reception component 1455 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. In some examples, the measurement component 1460 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions, where the prediction model is refined based on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction model, a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction model, or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction model, where the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0199] In some examples, the configuration component 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of prediction models.
[0200] In some examples, the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the prediction configuration remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams. In some examples, the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions of the prediction configuration, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0201] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1505 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1505 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1520, a transceiver 1510, one or more antennas 1515, at least one memory 1525, code 1530, and at least one processor 1535. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1540) .
[0202] The transceiver 1510 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1505 may include one or more antennas 1515, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1510 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1515, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1515, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1505. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0203] The at least one memory 1525 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1525 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1530. The code 1530 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1535, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1530 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1530 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1535 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1525 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0204] The at least one processor 1535 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1535. The at least one processor 1535 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1525) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction) . For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include at least one processor 1535 and at least one memory 1525 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1535 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1530) to perform the functions of the device 1505. The at least one processor 1535 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1505 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1525) .
[0205] In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1535) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1525) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1535 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1505 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1525 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0206] In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1505, or between different components of the device 1505 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1505 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1520, the transceiver 1510, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, and the at least one processor 1535 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0207] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1520 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0208] The communications manager 1520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0209] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for efficient signaling of information related to LCM of AI / ML models that may be used at a UE for beam prediction for one or more uplink beam characteristics. Such techniques may provide that there is no ambiguity in model identification between a UE and a network entity for model training procedures, model inference procedures, and model performance monitoring procedures, which may enable reliable and efficient use of AI / ML models to predict channel characteristics, which in turn may provide for enhanced throughput, reduced latency, enhanced communications reliability, reduced power consumption, and efficient use of communications resources.
[0210] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1510, the one or more antennas 1515 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1510, one or more of the at least one processor 1535, one or more of the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1530 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1535 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction as described herein, or the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0211] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0212] At 1605, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0213] At 1610, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0214] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0215] At 1705, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0216] At 1710, the method may include measuring, based on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a measurement component 1035 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0217] At 1715, the method may include performing beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a beam prediction component 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0218] At 1720, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0219] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0220] At 1805, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0221] At 1810, the method may include detecting at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, where the transmitting is based on the first trigger event, and where the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a trigger event component 1045 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0222] At 1815, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0223] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0224] At 1905, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0225] At 1910, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0226] At 1915, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a scheduling component 1050 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0227] At 1920, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. The operations of 1920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by a reference signal transmission component 1055 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0228] FIG. 20 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0229] At 2005, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0230] At 2010, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 2010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0231] At 2015, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by a scheduling component 1050 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0232] At 2020, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. The operations of 2020 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be performed by a reference signal transmission component 1055 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0233] At 2025, the method may include receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions. The operations of 2025 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2025 may be performed by a beam prediction component 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0234] At 2030, the method may include providing the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams as training input to the prediction model. The operations of 2030 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2030 may be performed by a beam prediction component 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0235] FIG. 21 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0236] At 2105, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0237] At 2110, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 2110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0238] At 2115, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, where the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by a scheduling component 1050 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0239] At 2120, the method may include transmitting the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. The operations of 2120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2120 may be performed by a reference signal transmission component 1055 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0240] At 2125, the method may include receiving, from the network entity, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and where the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model. The operations of 2125 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2125 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0241] At 2130, the method may include receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the set of multiple uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model. The operations of 2130 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2130 may be performed by a beam prediction component 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0242] FIG. 22 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2200 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0243] At 2205, the method may include receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be performed by a configuration component 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0244] At 2210, the method may include transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 2210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be performed by a reporting component 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0245] At 2215, the method may include receiving, subsequent to transmission of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction configuration. The operations of 2215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2215 may be performed by a scheduling component 1050 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0246] At 2220, the method may include transmitting the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information. The operations of 2220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2220 may be performed by a reference signal transmission component 1055 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0247] At 2225, the method may include receiving a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions. The operations of 2225 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2225 may be performed by a measurement component 1035 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0248] At 2230, the method may include refining the prediction configuration based on a computed performance monitoring metric. The operations of 2230 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2230 may be performed by a beam prediction component 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10. In some aspects, the performance monitoring metric is computed based on a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration; a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration; or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction configuration, where the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0249] FIG. 23 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2300 that supports LCM procedures for uplink beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2300 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2300 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0250] At 2305, the method may include transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, where the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams. The operations of 2305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2305 may be performed by a configuration component 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0251] At 2310, the method may include receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 2310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2310 may be performed by a reporting component 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0252] At 2315, the method may include selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams. The operations of 2315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2315 may be performed by a beam selection component 1435 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0253] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0254] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based at least in part on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, wherein the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams; and transmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0255] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: measuring, based at least in part on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof; and performing beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based at least in part on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.
[0256] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: receiving signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates a first prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction.
[0257] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein the first prediction model is a machine learning model or an artificial intelligence model.
[0258] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0259] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0260] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: detecting at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, wherein the transmitting is based at least in part on the first trigger event, and wherein the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0261] Aspect 8: The method of aspect 7, wherein the first trigger event is one of a plurality of trigger events that are each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values.
[0262] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 7 through 8, wherein the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0263] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: receiving, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, wherein the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams; and transmitting the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0264] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions; and providing the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams as training input to the prediction model.
[0265] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 10 through 11, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and wherein the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model.
[0266] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model.
[0267] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 1 through 13, further comprising: receiving, subsequent to transmission of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction configuration.
[0268] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0269] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 14 through 15, further comprising: transmitting the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information; receiving a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions; and refining the prediction configuration based at least in part on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to: a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration; a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration; or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction configuration, wherein the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0270] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 14 through 16, further comprising: transmitting a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of prediction models.
[0271] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 1 through 17, wherein the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based at least in part on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the prediction configuration remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams, and the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions associated with the prediction configuration, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0272] Aspect 19: A method for wireless communications at a network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a UE, an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a first machine learning model, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based at least in part on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more associated predictions of the first machine learning model, wherein the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams; receiving, from the UE, a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams; and selecting one or more beams for communication with the UE based at least in part on the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0273] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, further comprising: configuring the UE to measure, based at least in part on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more CSI reference signals, one or more SSB reference signals, or any combination thereof; and configuring the UE to perform beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based at least in part on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the first machine learning model.
[0274] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 19 through 20, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates the first machine learning model from a set of multiple available machine learning models for performing beam prediction.
[0275] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 19 through 21, wherein the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0276] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22, wherein the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, and the predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.
[0277] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 19 through 23, further comprising: configuring the UE with at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, and to transmit the report based at least in part on the first trigger event, and wherein the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.
[0278] Aspect 25: The method of aspect 24, wherein the first trigger event is one of a plurality of trigger events that are each associated with one or more predicted uplink channel characteristic values.
[0279] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 24 through 25, wherein the first trigger event, the predicted uplink channel characteristics provided in the MAC control element, or any combination thereof, is associated with a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion, indicates an instantaneous channel characteristic, indicates a statistical channel characteristic associated with two or more measurements, or any combination thereof.
[0280] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 19 through 26, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, scheduling information associated with a plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of the first machine learning model, wherein the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams; and receiving the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.
[0281] Aspect 28: The method of aspect 27, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions, wherein the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams is provided as training input to the first machine learning model.
[0282] Aspect 29: The method of any of aspects 27 through 28, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the first machine learning model from a set of multiple available machine learning models for performing beam prediction, and wherein the scheduling information, an RRC message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the first machine learning model.
[0283] Aspect 30: The method of any of aspects 27 through 29, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the first machine learning model.
[0284] Aspect 31: The method of any of aspects 19 through 30, further comprising: transmitting, subsequent to receipt of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the first machine learning model.
[0285] Aspect 32: The method of aspect 31, wherein the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.
[0286] Aspect 33: The method of any of aspects 31 through 32, further comprising: receiving the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information; and transmitting, to the UE, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions, wherein the first machine learning model is refined based at least in part on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to: a first difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the first machine learning model; a second difference between a measured channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the first machine learning model; or a set of differences between one or more measured channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the first machine learning model, wherein the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.
[0287] Aspect 34: The method of any of aspects 31 through 33, further comprising: receiving, from the UE, a capability message that indicates the UE is capable of performing model refinement of machine learning models.
[0288] Aspect 35: The method of any of aspects 19 through 34, wherein the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based at least in part on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the first machine learning model remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams, and the one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions of the first machine learning model, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.
[0289] Aspect 36: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 18.
[0290] Aspect 37: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 18.
[0291] Aspect 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 18.
[0292] Aspect 39: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 19 through 35.
[0293] Aspect 40: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 19 through 35.
[0294] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 19 through 35.
[0295] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0296] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0297] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0298] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0299] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0300] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0301] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0302] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0303] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0304] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0305] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0306] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based at least in part on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, wherein the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams; andtransmit a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:measure, based at least in part on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals, one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signals, or any combination thereof; andperform beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based at least in part on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the prediction configuration comprises a machine learning model or an artificial intelligence model.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams is a channel state information measurement report that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein:the channel state information measurement report includes a set of quantities that indicate the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, andthe predicted uplink channel characteristics include predicted values for the first quantity of uplink beams, predicted beams of the first set of beams with favorable predicted uplink channel characteristics, or any combination thereof, for a first temporal occasion associated with a set of measurement resources of the first quantity of uplink beams or for a second temporal occasion subsequent to the first temporal occasion.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:detect at least a first trigger event associated with the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics, wherein the transmitting is based at least in part on the first trigger event, and wherein the report is provided in a medium access control (MAC) control element that is configured to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from a network entity, scheduling information associated with a plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via the first quantity of uplink beams for training of a prediction model, wherein the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions each have an associated spatial relation that corresponds to a spatial relation of a corresponding downlink beam of the second quantity of downlink beams; andtransmit the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions; andprovide the set of measured channel characteristics and one or more associated measurements of one or more channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams as training input to the prediction model.10.The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, configuration information that indicates a linkage between the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, one or more reference signals of the second quantity of downlink beams, and an associated identification (ID) that indicates the prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction, and wherein the scheduling information, a radio resource control (RRC) message, or a medium access control (MAC) control element, indicates an associated ID for the prediction model.11.The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the plurality of uplink reference signal transmissions and an indication of the associated ID that indicates the prediction model.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, subsequent to transmission of the report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams, scheduling information associated with one or more uplink reference signal transmissions to be provided via one or more of the first quantity of uplink beams for performance monitoring of the prediction configuration.13.The UE of claim 12, wherein the scheduling information associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions schedules uplink reference signal transmissions for all or fewer than all of the first quantity of uplink beams.14.The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions in accordance with the scheduling information;receive a set of measured channel characteristics associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions; andrefine the prediction configuration based at least in part on a performance monitoring metric that is computed according to:a first difference between a measure channel characteristic of a top UE-predicted beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration;a second difference between a measure channel characteristic of a top network entity measured beam and a corresponding predicted channel characteristic of the prediction configuration; ora set of differences between one or more measure channel characteristics associated with a set of beams and corresponding predicted channel characteristics of the prediction configuration, wherein the set of beams correspond to a predetermined quantity of beams that have more favorable predicted channel characteristics than other beams associated with the one or more uplink reference signal transmissions.15.The UE of claim 1, wherein:the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams are determined based at least in part on one or more conditions associated with a training procedure of the prediction configuration remaining constant between performance of the training procedure and measurement of the one or more actual measurements of the channel characteristics for the second quantity of downlink beams, andthe one or more conditions include one or more of spatial filters associated with the uplink beams and the downlink beams, the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, an order of the first quantity of uplink beams and associated reference signals, quasi-co-location relationships the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, temporal parameters associated with predictions of the prediction configuration, power domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams, or frequency domain parameters of the first quantity of uplink beams and the second quantity of downlink beams.16.A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based at least in part on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, wherein the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams; andtransmitting a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.17.The method of claim 16, further comprising:measuring, based at least in part on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals, one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signals, or any combination thereof; andperforming beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based at least in part on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.18.The method of claim 16, further comprising:receiving signaling that includes an associated identification (ID) that indicates a first prediction model from a set of multiple available prediction models for performing beam prediction.19.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:receive an indication to provide predicted uplink channel characteristics for a first quantity of uplink beams of a first set of beams in accordance with a prediction configuration, the predicted uplink channel characteristics based at least in part on one or more actual measurements of channel characteristics for a second quantity of downlink beams of a second set of beams and one or more predictions associated with the prediction configuration, wherein the first quantity of uplink beams is a same quantity as the second quantity of downlink beams; andtransmit a report that indicates the predicted uplink channel characteristics for the first quantity of uplink beams.20.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:measure, based at least in part on the indication to provide the predicted uplink channel characteristics, a second number of reference signals received via the second quantity of downlink beams, the second number of reference signals including one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals, one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signals, or any combination thereof; andperform beam prediction associated with each beam of the first quantity of uplink beams, the beam prediction based at least in part on measurements of the second number of reference signals and performed in accordance with the prediction configuration.