Battery module, battery pack, and vehicle

Abstract

The present application provides a battery module, a battery pack, and a vehicle. The battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical cell rows and a plurality of heat exchange portions. Each cylindrical cell row comprises a plurality of cylindrical cells arranged along a second direction. A heat exchange portion is arranged between every two adjacent cylindrical cell rows. Each heat exchange portion comprises a plurality of first arc segments, a plurality of second arc segments, and a plurality of third arc segments, the thickness of the first arc segment is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment is L3, wherein L1<L2 and L3<L2.

Description

Battery modules, battery packs and vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411944819.3, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on December 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to battery modules, battery packs, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0003] Due to its higher energy density, better safety and stability, and greater economic efficiency after assembly, large cylindrical battery packs are expected to become the development trend of electric vehicle batteries.

[0004] In related technologies, large cylindrical battery packs mainly utilize the heat exchange section to make side contact with the sides of two adjacent cylindrical battery columns for thermal management. Invention Overview

[0005] However, in order to avoid interference between two adjacent cylindrical battery packs and the heat exchange section during installation, sufficient installation space is usually required between two adjacent cylindrical battery packs. This will result in a reduction in the capacity of the large cylindrical battery pack.

[0006] Firstly, a battery module is provided, comprising:

[0007] Multiple cylindrical battery columns are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and each cylindrical battery column includes multiple cylindrical cells arranged along a second direction, with the first and second directions intersecting.

[0008] Multiple heat exchange sections are provided between two adjacent cylindrical battery columns. Each heat exchange section includes multiple first arc segments, multiple second arc segments, and multiple third arc segments. The third arc segments and the first arc segments are thermally connected to the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns. The third arc segments and the first arc segments are respectively connected to the two ends of the second arc segments. The second arc segments are thermally connected to one of the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns.

[0009] Wherein, along the first direction, the thickness of the first arc segment is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment is L3, wherein L1 <L2,L3<L2。

[0010] Secondly, this application also provides a battery pack, which includes a battery module.

[0011] Thirdly, this application also provides a vehicle that includes a battery pack. Beneficial effects

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, along the first direction, the thickness of the first arc segment is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment is L3. Among them, L1 < L2 and L3 < L2. In this way, the thicknesses of both the first arc segment and the third arc segment are smaller than the thickness of the second arc segment 22, avoiding interference during the installation process with the adjacent two cylindrical battery columns, and at the same time, the gap between the adjacent two cylindrical battery columns can be reduced to a certain extent, so that more cylindrical battery columns can be arranged under the same volume, thereby increasing the capacitance of the battery module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by a possible implementation manner of the present application;

[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery module shown in FIG. 1;

[0015] FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the position A shown in FIG. 2;

[0016] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of multiple heat exchange parts and a connecting pipe group shown in FIG. 1;

[0017] FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the position B shown in FIG. 4;

[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange part and an insertion pipe shown in FIG. 1.

[0019] DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0020] 10. Battery module; 1. Cylindrical battery column; 11. Cylindrical battery cell; 2. Heat exchange part; 21. First arc segment; 22. Second arc segment; 23. Third arc segment; 241. Liquid inlet end; 242. Liquid outlet end; 3. Connecting pipe group; 31. Liquid inlet pipe; 311. Inlet; 312. Main liquid inlet pipe; 313. Liquid inlet branch pipe; 314. First connector; 3141. First connecting pipe; 3142. Second connecting pipe; 32. Liquid outlet pipe; 321. Outlet; 322. Main liquid outlet pipe; 323. Liquid outlet branch pipe; 324. Second connector; 3241. Third connecting pipe; 3242. Fourth connecting pipe; 4. Insertion pipe; 5. Bellows; 6. Liquid cooling plate. EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0021] Due to the higher energy density, better safety and stability, and higher economy after grouping of large cylindrical battery packs, large cylindrical batteries are expected to become the development trend of electric vehicle batteries.

[0022] In related technologies, large cylindrical battery packs mainly use the heat exchange section to contact the sides of two adjacent cylindrical battery columns for thermal management. However, in order to avoid interference between the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns and the heat exchange section during installation, sufficient installation space is usually required between the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns. This will lead to a reduction in the capacity of the large cylindrical battery pack.

[0023] In view of this, this application proposes a battery module that solves the problem of interference between two adjacent cylindrical battery rows and the heat exchange section during installation, while also improving the capacity reduction of the large cylindrical battery pack. It should be noted that the following embodiments use the heat exchange section to cool the cylindrical battery rows as an example; in other embodiments, the heat exchange section can also be configured to heat the cylindrical battery rows. The battery module will be described in detail below with reference to the main accompanying drawings.

[0024] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the battery module shown in Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of point A shown in Figure 2.

[0025] The battery module 10 includes multiple cylindrical battery rows 1 and multiple heat exchange sections 2. The multiple cylindrical battery rows 1 are spaced apart along a first direction. Each cylindrical battery row 1 includes multiple cylindrical cells 11 arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction intersect. A heat exchange section 2 is provided between each two adjacent cylindrical battery rows 1. Each heat exchange section 2 includes multiple first arc segments 21, multiple second arc segments 22, and multiple third arc segments 23. The third arc segments 23 and the first arc segments 21 are thermally connected to the two adjacent cylindrical battery rows 1. The third arc segments 23 and the first arc segments 21 are respectively connected to both ends of the second arc segments 22. The second arc segments 22 are thermally connected to one of the two adjacent cylindrical battery rows 1. Along the first direction, the thickness of the first arc segment 21 is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment 22 is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment 23 is L3. <L2,L3<L2。

[0026] In an embodiment of the present application, a heat exchange part 2 is provided between adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1, so that the heat generated by the cylindrical battery columns 1 can be quickly transferred and dissipated through the heat exchange part 2, reducing the accumulation of heat inside the battery module 10, thereby reducing the working temperature of the battery module 10 and extending the service life of the battery module 10. The setting of the heat exchange part 2 can make full use of the gaps between the battery columns, preventing these gaps from becoming ineffective spaces. Especially when the cylindrical batteries are arranged, there are often unusable gaps in the middle part, while the introduction of the heat exchange part 2 can fill these gaps and improve the overall space utilization rate of the battery pack. Each heat exchange part 2 includes a plurality of first arc segments 21, a plurality of second arc segments 22 and a plurality of third arc segments 23. The third arc segment 23 and the first arc segment 21 are thermally connected to adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1. This design can maximize the contact area between the heat exchange part 2 and adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1. A larger contact area means that more heat can be transferred through the heat exchange part 2, thereby effectively and quickly cooling adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1. The third arc segment 23 and the first arc segment 21 are respectively connected to both ends of the second arc segment 22, and the second arc segment 22 is thermally connected to one of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1, so that the second arc segment 22 can absorb the heat of one of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1 and cool one of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1. The design of a plurality of first arc segments 21, a plurality of second arc segments 22 and a plurality of third arc segments 23 can make full use of the gap space between the battery columns and make the heat exchange part 2 better fit the side walls of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1, increasing the contact area with the side walls of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1, effectively reducing the temperature of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1 and reducing the phenomenon of local overheating or uneven temperature of adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1. Along the first direction, the thickness of the first arc segment 21 is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment 22 is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment 23 is L3, where L1 < L2 and L3 < L2. In this way, the thicknesses of the first arc segment 21 and the third arc segment 23 are both smaller than the thickness of the second arc segment 22. While avoiding interference with adjacent two cylindrical battery columns during the installation process, it can also reduce the gap between adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1 to a certain extent, so that more cylindrical battery columns 1 can be arranged under the same volume, thereby increasing the capacitance of the battery module 10. In addition, because the thicknesses of the first arc segment 21 and the third arc segment 23 are both smaller than the thickness of the second arc segment 22, this design enables the heat exchange part 2 to be better clamped between adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1 and adapt to the shape of the cylindrical battery core 11. When the gap between adjacent two cylindrical battery columns 1 is small, the thinner first arc segment 21 and third arc segment 23 can fit more closely to the side walls of the cylindrical battery columns 1, thereby increasing the contact area. A larger contact area means that more heat can be absorbed by the heat exchange part 2, improving the cooling efficiency of the cylindrical battery columns 1.

[0027] In some embodiments, L1 ≤ L2 - 0.1 mm, such that the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the first arc segment 21 is greater than 0.1 mm. This results in a smaller distance between two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1, making the arrangement of multiple cylindrical battery columns 1 more compact, and enabling the battery module 10 of the same volume to have a larger capacity. The thickness difference between the first arc segment 21 and the second arc segment 22 is greater than 0.1 mm, allowing the first arc segment 21 to fit more tightly between two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1. This increases the contact area between the first arc segment 21 and the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1, enabling the heat exchange section 2 to quickly and effectively cool the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1 and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] In addition, when the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the first arc segment 21 is less than 0.1mm, the gap between the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1 is still relatively large, which avoids increasing the capacity of the battery module too much in the same volume. In addition, when the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the first arc segment 21 is less than 0.1mm, the contact area between the first arc segment 21 and the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1 is limited, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency and failure to fully utilize the cooling capacity of the coolant in the heat exchange section.

[0029] In some embodiments, L3 ≤ L2 - 0.1 mm, thus making the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the third arc segment 23 greater than 0.1 mm. This results in a smaller distance between two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1, making the arrangement of multiple cylindrical battery columns 1 more compact, and enabling the battery module 10 of the same volume to have a larger capacity. The thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the third arc segment 23 being greater than 0.1 mm allows the third arc segment 23 to fit more tightly between two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1, increasing the contact area between the third arc segment 23 and the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1. This allows the heat exchange section 2 to quickly and effectively cool the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1, improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0030] Furthermore, when the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the third arc segment 23 is less than 0.1mm, the gap between the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1 remains relatively large, preventing the battery module capacity from increasing too much in the same volume. In addition, when the thickness difference between the second arc segment 22 and the third arc segment 23 is less than 0.1mm, the contact area between the third arc segment 23 and the two adjacent cylindrical battery columns 1 is limited, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency and failure to fully utilize the cooling capacity of the coolant in the heat exchange section.

[0031] It should be noted that, along the direction from the second arc segment 22 to the first arc segment 21, the thickness of the first arc segment 21 in the first direction can be set to decrease gradually or be the same thickness. Similarly, along the direction from the second arc segment 22 to the third arc segment 23, the thickness of the third arc segment 23 in the first direction can be set to decrease gradually or be the same thickness. Exemplarily, this application does not limit this aspect.

[0032] Referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the central angle of the thermally conductive surface connecting the cylindrical cell 11 and the heat exchanger 2 to the cylindrical cell 11 is θ, where 60°≤θ≤80°. Thus, a central angle θ within the range of 60° to 80° improves the heat transfer efficiency between the heat exchanger 2 and the cylindrical cell 11, allowing the heat generated by the cylindrical cell 11 to be transferred to the heat exchanger 2 more quickly and ultimately dissipated. The central angle of the thermally conductive surface connecting the cylindrical cell 11 and the heat exchanger 2 within the range of 60° to 80° makes the connection between the cylindrical cell 11 and the heat exchanger 2 more robust, contributing to improved mechanical strength of the entire battery module 10.

[0033] It should be noted that the central angle of the heat-conducting surface of the cylindrical battery cell 11, which is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 2, can be 60°, 62°, 64°, 65°, 67°, 68°, 69°, 70°, 72°, 74°, 77°, 79°, or 80°, etc. For example, the central angle of the heat-conducting surface of the cylindrical battery cell 11, which is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 2, can be set as needed, and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0034] In addition, in order to ensure a firm connection between the heat exchange section 2 and the cylindrical battery cell 11, the battery module 10 also includes a thermally conductive connection section. The thermally conductive connection section is sandwiched between the heat exchange section 2 and the cylindrical battery cell 1, and the thermally conductive connection section thermally connects the heat exchange section 2 and the cylindrical battery cell 1. In this way, the heat of the cylindrical battery cell 1 can be transferred to the heat exchange section 2, while the connection between the heat exchange section 2 and the cylindrical battery cell 1 can be made firm.

[0035] It should be noted that the thermally conductive connection includes thermally conductive structural adhesive or thermally conductive gel, etc., but this application does not limit it by way of example.

[0036] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, in some embodiments, each heat exchange section 2 has a conveying channel with a liquid inlet end 241. Liquid inlets 241 are respectively provided at opposite ends of two adjacent heat exchange sections 2 along the second direction. This ensures that the coolant conveyed by the conveying channels of the two heat exchange sections 2 on opposite sides of each cylindrical battery pack 1 along the first direction flows in opposite directions along the second direction, achieving counter-current heat exchange between the two adjacent heat exchange sections 2 and the cylindrical battery pack 1. Counter-current heat exchange maintains a large temperature difference in the coolant conveyed by the conveying channels of the heat exchange sections 2 during the heat exchange process, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange. Counter-current heat exchange between the two heat exchange sections 2 helps maintain a relatively uniform temperature distribution throughout the entire battery module 10, avoiding localized overheating and thus improving the performance and lifespan of the battery module 10.

[0037] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, in some embodiments, the heat exchange section 2 has two opposite ends along the second direction, and the conveying channel also has a liquid outlet 242. Each conveying channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel spaced apart along a third direction. The third direction, the first direction, and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The first sub-channel and the second sub-channel are connected at one end, and the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel respectively form an inlet end 241 and an outlet end 242 at the other end. Thus, the design of the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel increases the contact area between the coolant and the surface of the cylindrical battery array, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel are spaced apart along the third direction, so that when the coolant in the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel exchanges heat with the cylindrical battery array 1, the temperature difference of the cylindrical battery array 1 in the third direction can be reduced, thereby improving the service life of the cylindrical battery array 1. Furthermore, the design of the first sub-channel and the second sub-channel improves the heat exchange efficiency while saving space, making the battery module 10 compact.

[0038] Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 4, in some embodiments, the battery module 10 further includes a connecting pipe assembly 3. The connecting pipe assembly 3 includes an inlet pipe 31 and an outlet pipe 32 spaced apart along a third direction. The inlet pipe 31 is connected to multiple inlet ends 241 and has an inlet 311 for coolant to flow in. The outlet pipe 32 is connected to multiple outlet ends 242 and has an outlet 321 for coolant to flow out. Thus, the inlet pipe 31 receives coolant through its inlet 311 and delivers it to the multiple inlet ends 241. The coolant entering from the inlet end 241 is transported along the length of the transport channel to exchange heat with the cylindrical battery array 1, thereby cooling the cylindrical battery array. The coolant that has completed heat exchange with the cylindrical battery array 1 is discharged through the outlet end 242 to the outlet pipe 32 and then transported to the outlet 321, thereby ensuring that the coolant circulates fully within the battery module 10. The spaced arrangement of the inlet pipe 31 and the outlet pipe 32 makes the maintenance of the cooling system more convenient.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 4, in some embodiments, the liquid inlet pipe 31 includes a main liquid inlet pipe 312, two branch liquid inlet pipes 313, and two first connectors 314. The main liquid inlet pipe 312 is disposed on the first side of the plurality of heat exchange sections 2 along a first direction and extends along a second direction. The main liquid inlet pipe 312 is provided with an inlet 311. This makes the entire battery module 10 compact and helps save space. The two branch liquid inlet pipes 313 are located at both ends of the main liquid inlet pipe 312 and adjacent to both ends of the heat exchange section 2 along the second direction. Each branch liquid inlet pipe 313 extends along the first direction and is connected to the plurality of adjacent liquid inlet ends 241. This ensures that the coolant enters the plurality of heat exchange sections 2 evenly from the plurality of liquid inlet ends 241, thus avoiding uneven coolant distribution caused by a single liquid inlet end 241 and ensuring that each heat exchange section 2 can effectively cool the cylindrical battery array 1. Furthermore, uniform coolant distribution helps maintain a consistent internal temperature throughout the battery module 10, reducing temperature gradients and preventing localized overheating, thereby improving the performance and lifespan of the battery module 10. One end of each of the two first connectors 314 is connected to both ends of the main inlet pipe 312, and the other end of each first connector 314 is connected to one of the two inlet branch pipes 313. This simplifies maintenance or replacement of the main inlet pipe 312 or the inlet branch pipe 313, reducing maintenance costs and time. Additionally, connecting the main inlet pipe 312 and the inlet branch pipe 313 via the first connectors 314 reduces the complexity of pipe connections. The compact layout of the first connectors 314 connecting the main inlet pipe 312 and the inlet branch pipe 313 effectively saves space, making the entire battery module 10 more compact and efficient.

[0040] Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 4, in some embodiments, the liquid outlet pipe 32 includes a main liquid outlet pipe 322, two branch liquid outlet pipes 323, and two second connectors 324. The main liquid outlet pipe 322 is disposed on the first side of the plurality of heat exchange sections 2 along a first direction and extends along a second direction. The main liquid outlet pipe 322 is provided with an outlet 321. The two branch liquid outlet pipes 323 are located at both ends of the main liquid outlet pipe 322 along the second direction and are arranged adjacent to both ends of the heat exchange section 2. Each branch liquid outlet pipe 323 extends along the first direction and is connected to the plurality of adjacent liquid outlet ends 242. In this way, the coolant that has completed heat exchange with the cylindrical battery array 1 is discharged to the liquid outlet pipe 32 through the plurality of liquid outlet ends 242, which can ensure that the coolant flows out of the plurality of heat exchange sections 2 evenly from the plurality of liquid outlet ends 242, thereby avoiding uneven coolant discharge caused by a single liquid outlet end 242. Furthermore, the uniform discharge of coolant helps maintain the temperature consistency within the entire battery module 10, reduces temperature gradients, and prevents localized overheating, thereby improving the performance and lifespan of the battery module 10. One end of each of the two second connectors 324 is connected to both ends of the main outlet pipe 322, and the other end of each of the two first connectors 314 is connected to the two outlet branch pipes 323. Thus, the coolant in the outlet branch pipes 323 is transported to the main outlet pipe 322 via the second connectors 324, and the coolant in the main outlet pipe 322 is finally discharged through the outlet 321. Connecting the main outlet pipe 322 and the outlet branch pipes 323 via the second connectors 324 simplifies maintenance or replacement of either the main outlet pipe 322 or the outlet branch pipes 323, reducing maintenance costs and time. Additionally, connecting the main outlet pipe 322 and the outlet branch pipes 323 via the second connectors 324 reduces the complexity of pipe connections. The layout design of the second connector 324, which connects the liquid outlet main pipe 322 and the liquid outlet branch pipe 323, is compact and can effectively save space, making the entire battery module 10 more compact and efficient.

[0041] Referring to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 is D1, and the inner diameter of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 is D1'. Among them, D1 > D1'. In this way, the larger diameter D1 of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 helps to reduce the flow resistance of the coolant in the liquid inlet branch pipe 313, enabling the coolant to enter the plurality of heat exchange parts 2 more smoothly. The smaller diameter D1' of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 can increase the pressure of the coolant when flowing out of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 to a certain extent, which helps to better maintain the coolant circulation in the battery module 10. The larger diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 allows more coolant to enter the plurality of heat exchange parts 2 simultaneously, which helps to improve the heat exchange efficiency with the cylindrical battery row 1. At the same time, due to the smaller diameter of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323, the coolant may be subject to a certain throttling effect when flowing out, which helps to increase the residence time of the coolant in the plurality of heat exchange parts 2 and further improves the heat exchange efficiency with the cylindrical battery row 1. The larger inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 can allow more coolant to enter the heat exchange part 2, thereby increasing the coolant flow rate. A higher flow rate helps to increase the contact opportunity between the coolant and the surface of the cylindrical battery cell 11 and enhance the heat exchange effect. The larger inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 helps the coolant to be evenly distributed before entering the heat exchange part 2, reducing local flow non-uniformity, ensuring that each heat exchange part 2 can obtain effective cooling, thereby improving the uniformity of heat dissipation and avoiding local overheating. The uniform distribution of the coolant helps to maintain the consistency of the internal temperature of the entire battery module 10, reduce the temperature gradient, and improve the performance and lifespan of the battery.

[0042] It should be noted that when D1 < D1', the smaller liquid inlet branch pipe 313 results in a larger flow resistance of the coolant in the liquid inlet branch pipe 313, and the larger diameter of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 causes the residence time of the coolant in the plurality of heat exchange parts 2 to decrease, reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the coolant with the cylindrical battery row 1.

[0043] In some embodiments, 10mm ≤ D1 ≤ 30mm. Thus, the inner diameter of the inlet branch pipe 313 is within this range, preventing both excessively high flow rates and pressure drops due to an excessively small diameter and reduced heat exchange efficiency due to an excessively large diameter. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm in the inlet branch pipe 313 provides an appropriate coolant flow rate, avoiding both insufficient flow due to an excessively small diameter and wasted material and space due to an excessively large diameter. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm in the inlet branch pipe 313 allows for uniform distribution of coolant to each heat exchange section 2, ensuring effective cooling of each cylindrical cell 11. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm in the inlet branch pipe 313 significantly reduces the resistance of the coolant as it passes through the inlet branch pipe 313. The inner diameter of the inlet branch pipe 313, ranging from 10mm to 30mm, ensures a moderate flow rate of coolant within the heat exchange section 2—neither too fast nor too slow—thus optimizing heat exchange. This optimized flow rate and uniform temperature distribution contribute to improved system efficiency of the entire battery module 10 and reduced unnecessary energy loss. The 10mm-30mm inner diameter of the inlet branch pipe 313 also reduces the risk of impurities or air bubbles in the coolant clogging the pipes during the inlet process, improving cooling reliability. Furthermore, the 10mm-30mm inner diameter of the inlet branch pipe 313 helps ensure uniform coolant distribution before entering the heat exchange section 2, improving heat dissipation uniformity and preventing localized overheating. Uniform coolant distribution helps maintain consistent internal temperature throughout the battery module 10, reducing temperature gradients and improving battery performance and lifespan. Finally, the 10mm-30mm inner diameter of the inlet branch pipe 313 results in relatively low material and processing costs, offering good economic efficiency.

[0044] It should be noted that the inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313 can be 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm, 19mm, 20mm, 23mm, 25mm, 27mm, 28mm or 30mm, etc. For example, this application does not limit the inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe 313.

[0045] In some embodiments, 10mm ≤ D1' ≤ 30mm. Thus, an inner diameter of the outlet branch pipe 323 within the range of 10mm to 30mm allows for more effective control of the coolant's flow rate and velocity within the outlet branch pipe 323, ensuring a smooth and continuous coolant flow. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm allows for uniform coolant discharge from each heat exchange section 2, avoiding uneven local flow. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm significantly reduces the resistance to coolant flow through the outlet branch pipe 323. An inner diameter of 10mm to 30mm ensures a moderate coolant flow rate within the outlet branch pipe 323, neither too fast nor too slow, thereby optimizing heat exchange performance. The inner diameter of the outlet branch pipe 323, ranging from 10mm to 30mm, helps the coolant to distribute evenly before leaving the heat exchange section 2, thereby improving the uniformity of heat dissipation, preventing localized overheating, and ensuring uniform coolant distribution. This helps maintain the temperature consistency throughout the battery module 10, reducing temperature gradients and improving battery performance and lifespan. The 10mm to 30mm inner diameter of the outlet branch pipe 323 also results in relatively low material and processing costs, offering good economic efficiency.

[0046] It should be noted that the inner diameter of the outlet branch pipe 323 can be 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm, 19mm, 20mm, 23mm, 25mm, 27mm, 28mm or 30mm, etc. For example, this application does not limit the inner diameter of the outlet branch pipe 323.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 5, in some embodiments, the first connector 314 includes a first connecting pipe 3141 and a second connecting pipe 3142 connected in sequence. The first connecting pipe 3141 extends along the second direction and is connected to the main liquid inlet pipe 312, and the second connecting pipe 3142 extends along the first direction and is connected to the branch liquid inlet pipe 313. This design ensures that the coolant can flow smoothly from the main liquid inlet pipe 312 to the branch liquid inlet pipe 313, avoiding dead ends in the coolant flow. The design of connecting the main liquid inlet pipe 312 and the branch liquid inlet pipe 313 through the first connector 314 simplifies the processing technology of the liquid inlet pipe 31, saves costs, and improves production efficiency. The inner diameter of the first connecting pipe 3141 is D2, and the inner diameter of the second connecting pipe 3142 is D3. Among them, D2≥D1, and / or D3<D1 - 3mm; and / or D3<D2 - 3mm. In this way, when D2≥D1, the inner diameter D2 of the first connecting pipe 3141 is greater than or equal to the inner diameter D1 of the branch liquid inlet pipe 313, which can ensure sufficient flow of the coolant into the branch liquid inlet pipe 313 and avoid flow loss caused by too small a diameter of the first connecting pipe 3141. When D3<D2 - 3mm, the difference between the inner diameter of the second connecting pipe 3142 and the inner diameter of the first connecting pipe 3141 is greater than 3mm. In this way, the coolant passes through the first connecting pipe 3141 and the second connecting pipe 3142 in sequence from the main liquid inlet pipe 312, and the flow rate of the coolant will increase, so that the coolant output from the second connecting pipe 3142 can flow evenly to multiple liquid inlet ends 241. When D3<D1 - 3mm, the difference between the inner diameter of the branch liquid inlet pipe 313 and the inner diameter of the second connecting pipe 3142 is greater than 3mm. In this way, while ensuring the uniformity of the coolant flow rate, the flow resistance of the coolant flowing into the branch liquid inlet pipe 313 can be reduced.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 5, the second connector 324 includes a third connecting pipe 3241 and a fourth connecting pipe 3242 connected in sequence. The third connecting pipe 3241 extends along the second direction and is connected to the main liquid outlet pipe 322. The fourth connecting pipe 3242 extends along the first direction and is connected to the liquid outlet branch pipe 323. This design ensures that the coolant can flow smoothly from the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 to the main liquid outlet pipe 322, avoiding dead ends in the coolant flow. The design of connecting the main liquid outlet pipe 322 and the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 through the second connector 324 simplifies the processing technology of the liquid outlet pipe 32, saves costs, and improves production efficiency. The inner diameter of the third connecting pipe 3241 is D2', and the inner diameter of the fourth connecting pipe 3242 is D3'. Wherein, D2'≥D1', and / or D3'<D1'-3mm; and / or D3'<D2'-3mm. Thus, when D2'≥D1', it means that the inner diameter of the third connecting pipe 3241 is greater than or equal to the inner diameter D1 of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323, which helps the coolant output from the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 to quickly flow back to the main liquid outlet pipe 322. When D2'≥D1', the pressure loss in the third connecting pipe 3241 and the main liquid outlet pipe 322 can be reduced. When D3'<D1'-3mm, the difference between the inner diameter D1 of the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 and the inner diameter of the fourth connecting pipe 3242 is greater than 3mm. When the coolant flows from the liquid outlet branch pipe 323 through the fourth connecting pipe 3242 to the third connecting pipe 3241, the coolant flowing to the third connecting pipe 3241 has a relatively large flow rate. Thus, it helps the coolant to quickly flow back to the main liquid outlet pipe 322 and improves the coolant circulation efficiency. When D3'<D2'-3mm, the difference between the inner diameter of the fourth connecting pipe 3242 and the inner diameter of the third connecting pipe 3241 is greater than 3mm, resulting in a smaller flow resistance of the coolant in the third connector, which helps the coolant to be evenly distributed in the main liquid outlet pipe 322.

[0049] Referring to Figures 3 and 6, in some embodiments, the liquid inlet end 241 is provided with a through hole along the length of the heat exchange section 2, and the through hole is connected to one end of the conveying channel. The battery module 10 also includes multiple connectors 4. Connectors 4 are provided on the sides of two adjacent liquid inlet ends 241 arranged opposite each other along the first direction. The connectors 4 are connected to the through hole. The liquid inlet branch pipe 313 includes multiple corrugated pipes 5. Two adjacent connectors 4 are connected through the corrugated pipes 5. Thus, by providing a through hole at the liquid inlet end 241 and connecting it to the conveying channel, it is ensured that the coolant can smoothly enter the heat exchange section 2. The connection design between the connectors 4 and the through hole, as well as the connection of the corrugated pipes 5 between adjacent connectors 4, helps to achieve uniform distribution of coolant, thereby ensuring that each cylindrical cell 11 in the battery module 10 can be adequately cooled and avoiding local overheating. The corrugated pipes 5 have strong elasticity and flexibility, which facilitates the connection between the corrugated pipes 5 and the connectors 4, improves the assembly efficiency with the connectors 4, and can also absorb stacking and material tolerances. The flexibility and bendability of the bellows 5 allow for a more compact layout of the battery module 10.

[0050] Referring to Figure 1, in some embodiments, the battery module 10 further includes a liquid cooling plate 6. The liquid cooling plate 6 is configured to cool the electronic components. The liquid cooling plate 6 has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 31, and the liquid outlet is connected to the liquid outlet pipe 32. In this way, the liquid cooling plate 6 and the heat exchange section 2 are connected in parallel. That is, part of the coolant in the liquid inlet pipe 31 enters the heat exchange section 2, so that the heat exchange section 2 can exchange heat with two adjacent cylindrical battery rows 1; the other part of the coolant in the liquid inlet pipe 31 enters the liquid cooling plate 6, so that the liquid cooling plate 6 can cool the electronic components. This not only maintains the stability of the electronic components' working performance, but also reduces the cost of selecting electronic components and improves the utilization efficiency of the coolant. High temperatures accelerate the aging and damage of electronic components and reduce their service life. The liquid cooling plate 6, through its cooling effect, can slow down the aging rate of electronic components and extend their service life.

[0051] It should be noted that the electronic components can be configured as needed. For example, the electronic components may include at least one of a battery disconnection unit, a battery management unit, and a relay. However, this application does not limit the scope of the application.

[0052] The embodiments of this application also propose a battery pack, which includes a battery module 10. The specific structure of the battery module 10 is described in the embodiments. Since this battery pack adopts all the technical solutions of all embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0053] The embodiments of this application also propose a vehicle, which includes a battery pack. The specific structure of the battery pack is described in the embodiments. Since this vehicle adopts all the technical solutions of all embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A battery module, comprising: Multiple cylindrical battery columns (1) are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and each cylindrical battery column (1) includes multiple cylindrical cells (11) arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect. Multiple heat exchange sections (2) are provided between two adjacent cylindrical battery arrays (1). Each heat exchange section (2) includes multiple first arc segments (21), multiple second arc segments (22), and multiple third arc segments (23). The third arc segments (23) and the first arc segments (21) are thermally connected to the two adjacent cylindrical battery arrays (1). The third arc segments (23) and the first arc segments (21) are respectively connected to the two ends of the second arc segments (22). The second arc segments (22) are thermally connected to one of the two adjacent cylindrical battery arrays (1). Wherein, along the first direction, the thickness of the first arc segment (21) is L1, the thickness of the second arc segment (22) is L2, and the thickness of the third arc segment (23) is L3, wherein L1 <L2,L3<L2。 2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, L1≤L2-0.1mm; and / or L3≤L2-0.1mm.

3. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein, The central angle of the cylindrical battery cell (11) corresponding to the heat-conducting surface of the heat exchange section (2) where the cylindrical battery cell (11) is θ, wherein 60°≤θ≤80°.

4. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, Each heat exchange section (2) has a conveying channel, and the conveying channel has a liquid inlet end (241). The liquid inlet ends (241) are respectively provided at the two ends opposite to each other along the second direction of two adjacent heat exchange sections (2).

5. The battery module according to claim 4, wherein, The heat exchange section (2) has two opposite ends along the second direction; The conveying channel also has a liquid outlet end (242). Each conveying channel includes a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel spaced apart along a third direction. The third direction, the first direction, and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The first sub-channel and the second sub-channel are connected at one end. The first sub-channel and the second sub-channel respectively form the liquid inlet end (241) and the liquid outlet end (242) at the other end.

6. The battery module according to claim 5, wherein the battery module (10) further comprises a connecting pipe assembly (3), the connecting pipe assembly (3) comprising an inlet pipe (31) and an outlet pipe (32) arranged at intervals along the third direction, the inlet pipe (31) being connected to a plurality of inlet ends (241), and the inlet pipe (31) having an inlet (311) configured for coolant to flow in, the outlet pipe (32) being connected to a plurality of outlet ends (242), and the outlet pipe (32) having an outlet (321) configured for coolant to flow out.

7. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein, The liquid inlet pipe (31) includes a liquid inlet main pipe (312), two liquid inlet branch pipes (313), and two first connectors (314). The liquid inlet main pipe (312) is arranged on the first side of the plurality of heat exchange parts (2) along the first direction, and the liquid inlet main pipe (312) extends along the second direction. The liquid inlet main pipe (312) is provided with the inlet (311). The two liquid inlet branch pipes (313) are arranged at both ends of the liquid inlet main pipe (312) along the second direction and adjacent to both ends of the heat exchange part (2). Each liquid inlet branch pipe (313) extends along the first direction, and each liquid inlet branch pipe (313) is connected to a plurality of adjacent liquid inlet ends (241). One ends of the two first connectors (314) are respectively connected to both ends of the liquid inlet main pipe (312), and the other ends of the two first connectors (314) are respectively connected to the two liquid inlet branch pipes (313); and / or, The liquid outlet pipe (32) includes a liquid outlet main pipe (322), two liquid outlet branch pipes (323), and two second connectors (3,24). The liquid outlet main pipe (322) is arranged on the first side of the plurality of heat exchange parts (2) along the first direction, and the liquid outlet main pipe (322) extends along the second direction. The liquid outlet main pipe (322) is provided with the outlet (321). The two liquid outlet branch pipes (323) are arranged at both ends of the liquid outlet main pipe (322) along the second direction and adjacent to both ends of the heat exchange part (2). Each liquid outlet branch pipe (323) extends along the first direction, and each liquid outlet branch pipe (323) is connected to a plurality of adjacent liquid outlet ends (242). One ends of the two second connectors (324) are respectively connected to both ends of the liquid outlet main pipe (322), and the other ends of the two first connectors (314) are respectively connected to the two liquid outlet branch pipes (323).

8. The battery module according to claim 7, wherein, The inner diameter of the liquid inlet branch pipe (313) is D1, and the inner diameter of the liquid outlet branch pipe (323) is D1', where D1 > D1'.

9. The battery module according to claim 8, wherein, 10mm ≤ D1 ≤ 30mm; and / or, 10mm ≤ D1' ≤ 30mm.

10. The battery module according to claim 9, wherein, Each of the first connectors (314) includes a first connection pipe (3141) and a second connection pipe (3142) connected in sequence. The first connection pipe (3141) extends along the second direction and is connected to the liquid inlet main pipe (312), and the second connection pipe (3142) extends along the first direction and is connected to the liquid inlet branch pipe (313). The inner diameter of the first connection pipe (3141) is D2, and the inner diameter of the second connection pipe (3142) is D3, where D2 ≥ D1, and / or D3 < D1 - 3mm; and / or D3 < D2 - 3mm.

11. The battery module according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, Each of the second connectors (324) includes a third connecting pipe (3241) and a fourth connecting pipe (3242) connected in sequence. The third connecting pipe (3241) extends along the second direction and is communicated with the main liquid outlet pipe (322). The fourth connecting pipe (3242) extends along the first direction and is communicated with the liquid outlet branch pipe (323). The inner diameter of the third connecting pipe (3241) is D2', and the inner diameter of the fourth connecting pipe (3242) is D3'. Wherein, D2'≥D1', and / or D3'<D1'-3mm; and / or D3'<D2'-3mm.

12. The battery module according to any one of claims 6 to 11 further includes a liquid cooling plate (6). The liquid cooling plate (6) is configured to cool electronic components. The liquid cooling plate (6) has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe (31), and the liquid outlet is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe (32).

13. A battery pack includes the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A vehicle includes the battery pack according to claim 13.

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