Energy storage system

Abstract

Provided in the present application is an energy storage system. The energy storage system comprises a first compartment body, a first battery cluster, a second compartment body, a second battery cluster and a control module; the first compartment body accommodates the first battery cluster; the second compartment body comprises a first sub-compartment and a second sub-compartment, the first sub-compartment accommodating the second battery cluster, the second sub-compartment accommodating the control module, and the first sub-compartment and the second sub-compartment being arranged in a first direction of the second compartment body; the first compartment body and the second compartment body are stacked in a second direction; and the control module comprises at least one first sub-control module and at least one second sub-control module, one first sub-control module being used for electrically controlling at least one first battery cluster, and one second sub-control module being used for electrically controlling at least one second battery cluster. In the present application, the control module is arranged in the second sub-compartment, such that both the first compartment body and the second compartment body can be loaded with more battery clusters while satisfying transportation conditions, thereby improving the energy densities of the first compartment body and the second compartment body.

Description

An energy storage system Cross-reference of related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to patent application PCT / CN2025 / 077666, filed on February 17, 2025, entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network"; patent application PCT / CN2024 / 141959, filed on December 24, 2024, entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network"; patent application PCT / CN2025 / 077664, filed on February 17, 2025, entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network"; and patent application PCT / CN2025 / 077664, filed on December 24, 2024, entitled "Energy Storage Container, Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network". The patent application entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network" filed on December 24, 2024, claims priority to PCT / CN2024 / 141956, entitled "Energy Storage Network", PCT / CN2024 / 141944, entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network", filed on December 24, 2024, and claims priority to PCT / CN2024 / 141971, entitled "Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage System and Charging Network", filed on December 31, 2024, entitled "Energy Storage System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0003] With the rapid development of technology, electricity has become an indispensable energy source in people's production and daily life. To improve the smoothness of electricity supply and ensure the normal operation of production and daily life, energy storage systems are needed. Energy storage systems can achieve the cyclical storage and release of electrical energy. By charging or discharging the battery devices in the energy storage system, electrical energy can be stored in the system or supplied to electrical devices. Energy storage systems are widely used in industrial power supply, household power supply, temporary power supply, mobile power supply, wind power generation, solar power generation, and energy storage power stations.

[0004] In the development of energy storage systems, besides improving their performance, increasing their volumetric energy density is also a crucial issue. Therefore, improving the volumetric energy density of energy storage systems is a continuous technical challenge in energy storage technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an energy storage system to improve the volumetric energy density of the energy storage system.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, including:

[0007] The first compartment contains the first battery cluster;

[0008] The second compartment includes a first sub-compartment and a second sub-compartment. The first sub-compartment contains a second battery cluster, and the second sub-compartment contains the control module. The first and second sub-compartments are arranged along a first direction of the second compartment. The first and second compartments are stacked along a second direction. The first and second battery clusters are connected in parallel. The first and second directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0009] The control module includes at least one first sub-control module and at least one second sub-control module; wherein, the first sub-control module is used to electrically control at least one first battery cluster; and the second sub-control module is used to electrically control at least one second battery cluster.

[0010] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first and second compartments are modularly combined along a second direction, and the control module integrates the first and second compartments and their internal components into a complete energy storage system. During transportation, the first compartment and its internal components, and the second compartment and its internal components, can be transported independently. After transportation, they can form a high-energy storage system, thus balancing high energy density and ease of transport. Because the control module is located within the second sub-compartment, more space is provided in the first and second compartments to accommodate battery clusters. This allows both the first and second compartments to carry more battery clusters while meeting transportation requirements, thereby increasing the energy density of both compartments.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first sub-control module includes a first secondary controller, a first fusion switch, a first main negative contactor, a first current sensor, and a first fuse. The first secondary controller, the first fusion switch, the first main negative contactor, the first current sensor, and the first fuse are disposed within a first housing. The first secondary controller is used to control the first battery cluster.

[0012] And / or, the second sub-control module includes a second secondary controller, a second fusion switch, a second main negative contactor, a second current sensor, and a second fuse. The second SBMU, the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, the second current sensor, and the second fuse are disposed in the second enclosure. The second secondary controller is used to control the second battery cluster.

[0013] In this embodiment, a first fusion switch replaces the original three contactors and one disconnect switch, reducing the number of electrical components in the first enclosure and thus making the first enclosure smaller; a second fusion switch replaces the original three contactors and one disconnect switch, reducing the number of electrical components in the second enclosure and thus making the second enclosure smaller, thereby reducing the space occupied by the second sub-compartment.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first sub-control module includes a first secondary controller, a first fusion switch, a first main negative contactor, a first current sensor, and a first fuse. The first secondary controller, the first fusion switch, the first main negative contactor, and the first current sensor are disposed inside the first enclosure. The first fuse is disposed outside the first enclosure, with one end of the first fuse connected to the first battery cluster and the other end connected to the main positive circuit of the first sub-control module.

[0015] And / or, the second sub-control module includes a second enclosure, a second secondary controller, a second fusion switch, a second main negative contactor, a second current sensor, and a second fuse. The second secondary controller, the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, and the second current sensor are disposed inside the second enclosure. The second fuse is disposed outside the second enclosure, with one end of the second fuse connected to the second battery cluster and the other end connected to the main positive circuit of the second sub-control module.

[0016] In this embodiment, by placing the first fuse outside the first enclosure, the first enclosure can be made smaller. Furthermore, since the first fuse generates heat during operation, placing it externally improves heat dissipation, extends its lifespan, facilitates fuse replacement, and lowers the temperature inside the first enclosure. Similarly, by placing the second fuse outside the second enclosure, the second enclosure can be made smaller. Again, since the second fuse generates heat during operation, external placement improves heat dissipation, extends its lifespan, facilitates fuse replacement, and lowers the temperature inside the second enclosure.

[0017] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first battery cluster is connected to the first energy storage converter via a first busbar;

[0018] And / or, the second battery cluster is connected to the second energy storage converter via the second busbar.

[0019] In this embodiment, a first energy storage converter is connected to a first battery cluster. The first energy storage converter can input or output electrical energy from the first battery cluster, allowing multiple first battery clusters to be connected to electrical equipment or the power grid, thereby improving the performance of the first storage unit. Similarly, a second energy storage converter is connected to a second battery cluster. The second energy storage converter can input or output electrical energy from the second battery cluster, allowing multiple second battery clusters to be connected to electrical equipment or the power grid, thereby improving the performance of the second storage unit.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are respectively connected to the third energy storage converter via a third bus.

[0021] In this embodiment, a third energy storage converter is connected to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster respectively, so that the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster can be charged or discharged at the same time, and the use of electrical components (e.g., one less energy storage converter and insulation detection device IMM) is reduced, thus reducing hardware costs.

[0022] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a first DC surge protector is provided on the first bus; and / or, a second DC surge protector is provided on the second bus.

[0023] This embodiment of the application reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters by installing a first DC surge protector on the first busbar, thereby reducing the damage to other equipment in the electrical circuit caused by surges. Similarly, installing a second DC surge protector on the second busbar reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters, further reducing the damage to other equipment in the electrical circuit caused by surges.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a third DC surge protector is provided on the third bus.

[0025] This application embodiment reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters by installing a third DC surge protector on the third bus, thereby reducing the damage of surges to other equipment in the electrical circuit.

[0026] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a first insulation detection device is provided on the first busbar; and / or, a second insulation detection device is provided on the second busbar.

[0027] This application embodiment uses a first insulation detection device installed on a first busbar to detect the insulation status of the first compartment, thereby improving the safety of the equipment inside the first compartment; and uses a second insulation detection device installed on a second busbar to detect the insulation status of the second compartment, thereby improving the safety of the equipment inside the second compartment.

[0028] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a third insulation detection device is provided on the third bus.

[0029] This application embodiment includes a third insulation detection device on the third busbar, which can detect the insulation status of the first and second compartments, thereby improving the safety of each device in the first and second compartments.

[0030] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the energy storage system further includes a power distribution module located within the second sub-compartment; the control module further includes a main control module, and the power distribution module is used to supply power to the main control module, the first sub-control module, and the second sub-control module.

[0031] In this embodiment of the application, since the power distribution module requires frequent manual intervention or maintenance, accommodating the power distribution module in the second sub-compartment can significantly improve the safety and maintenance convenience of the energy storage system.

[0032] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, at least one first battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module, and at least one second battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module.

[0033] In this embodiment, at least one first battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module, and at least one second battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module as a self-powered power source. When the energy storage system is disconnected from the power grid, it can continue to supply power to some electrical components in the energy storage system through the self-powered power source, thereby achieving uninterrupted power supply.

[0034] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction are both smaller than the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction are both smaller than the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction. Compared to a standard container, the first and second compartments can have smaller volumes for the same energy, thereby enabling them to have a larger volumetric energy density after accommodating the battery device, and facilitating transportation.

[0036] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first battery cluster includes a plurality of first battery devices, and each first battery device includes a plurality of first battery cells.

[0037] The second battery cluster includes multiple second battery devices, and each second battery device includes multiple second battery cells.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first and second battery clusters can have larger voltages, which is beneficial to improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0039] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first compartment contains five first battery clusters, each first battery cluster comprising four first battery devices, and each first battery device comprising 104 first battery cells.

[0040] The second compartment houses five second battery clusters, each containing four second battery units, and each second battery unit containing 104 individual second battery cells.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first compartment and the second compartment can each accommodate 5 battery clusters, which increases the energy density of the first compartment and the second compartment, thereby increasing the energy density of the energy storage system.

[0042] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first battery devices inside the first compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; the plurality of first battery devices in each row are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment, and the plurality of first battery devices in each column are arranged along a second direction of the first compartment.

[0043] The second battery devices inside the second compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; multiple second battery devices in each row are arranged along the first direction of the second compartment, and multiple second battery devices in each column are arranged along the second direction of the second compartment.

[0044] In this embodiment, the first battery devices in the first compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, so that the dimension of the first compartment along the first direction is the same as the dimension of a standard container along the first direction. Furthermore, the original first sub-control module in the first compartment is moved to the second sub-compartment, thereby allowing the first compartment to accommodate one more battery cluster, thus increasing the energy density of the first compartment. Similarly, the second battery devices in the second compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, so that the dimension of the first compartment along the first direction is the same as the dimension of a standard container along the first direction. Furthermore, the original second sub-control module in the first sub-compartment is moved to the second sub-compartment, thereby allowing the first sub-compartment to accommodate one more battery cluster, thus increasing the energy density of the second compartment.

[0045] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the energy storage system further includes a thermal management module for thermal management of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster; the thermal management module is housed within the first compartment.

[0046] In this embodiment, by housing the thermal management module within the first compartment, the thermal management module can be transported synchronously with the first compartment, and most of the pipelines can be connected in advance before transportation, thus improving the installation convenience of the energy storage system.

[0047] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first compartment includes a third sub-compartment and a fourth sub-compartment, the first compartment having a first isolation layer separating the third sub-compartment and the fourth sub-compartment, the third sub-compartment being located above the fourth sub-compartment, the thermal management module being housed in the third sub-compartment, and the first battery cluster located within the first compartment being housed in the fourth sub-compartment.

[0048] In the above scheme, the thermal management module and the first battery cluster are assembled using the first isolation layer as the assembly reference. The thermal management module is located above the first battery cluster, and it can shield the first battery cluster from sunlight, reducing the exposure of the battery device to sunlight and improving the temperature uniformity of each first battery cluster.

[0049] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first compartment further includes a fifth sub-compartment, the first compartment having a second isolation layer separating the third sub-compartment and the fifth sub-compartment, and separating the fourth sub-compartment and the fifth sub-compartment; the fifth sub-compartment and the fourth sub-compartment are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment, and the fifth sub-compartment is used to accommodate the connecting harness between the first compartment and the second compartment.

[0050] In the above scheme, the first compartment is separated into a fifth sub-compartment by the second isolation layer, which is used to accommodate the connecting wire harnesses of the two compartments, making the wire harness arrangement more orderly and compact, thereby saving space.

[0051] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the sum of the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction is greater than or equal to the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first compartment and the second compartment can have more space in the second direction, which is beneficial for setting more battery devices in the first compartment and the second compartment along the second direction, thereby improving the volumetric energy density of the energy storage system.

[0053] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the standard container is a 20-foot standard container.

[0054] In this embodiment, a 20-foot standard container can meet most maritime transport regulations. The first and second cargo compartments are designed with reference to a 20-foot standard container, which helps to make the energy storage system have better transport convenience.

[0055] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description or may be learned by practicing embodiments of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a first sub-control module circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another energy storage system structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0063] Icons: 10-First compartment; 20-First battery cluster; 30-Second compartment; 40-Second battery cluster; 301-First sub-compartment; 302-Second sub-compartment; 101-Third sub-compartment; 102-Fourth sub-compartment; 103-Fifth sub-compartment; 50-Control module; 501-First sub-control module; 502-Second sub-control module; 601-First enclosure; 602-First fusion switch; 603-First main negative contactor; 604-First current sensor; 605-First fuse; 503-Main control module; 201-First battery unit; 401-Second battery unit; 70-Power distribution module. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0066] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0067] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0068] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0069] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0070] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0071] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] In this application, the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. The battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery device (e.g., a first battery device and a second battery device) can be a battery module; when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.

[0074] In some embodiments, the battery device may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first battery cluster includes one or more first battery devices. When there are multiple first battery devices, the multiple first battery devices can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection. The second battery cluster includes one or more second battery devices. When there are multiple second battery devices, the multiple second battery devices can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.

[0076] In some embodiments, the energy storage system includes energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0077] A single battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. During the charging and discharging process of a single battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0078] Optionally, the electrode assembly has a stacked structure.

[0079] Optionally, the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.

[0080] Energy storage systems can include energy storage power stations, wind power systems, solar power systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage power stations can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to users or electrical equipment during peak hours. Wind power systems collect wind energy from wind turbines, convert it into electricity, and then store it in an energy storage system. Solar power systems convert solar energy into electricity, store it in an energy storage system, and supply it to users as needed. Mobile power systems can power equipment in areas inaccessible by the mains grid, such as remote mountainous areas and isolated wilderness areas. Temporary power supply systems can provide power to users when there is insufficient electricity.

[0081] In energy storage systems, cramming as many battery devices as possible into a standard shipping container would result in an overweight container. Furthermore, to comply with shipping regulations, the internal space of a standard container cannot be fully utilized, leading to a lower volumetric energy density. Additionally, a typical energy storage system has a main control box beneath each battery cluster. Since a standard container typically contains eight battery clusters, it requires eight main control boxes, which occupy space in the second direction of the container, further contributing to the low volumetric energy density of the energy storage system.

[0082] In view of this, this application provides an energy storage system, which includes a first compartment housing a first battery cluster; a second compartment including a first sub-compartment and a second sub-compartment, the first sub-compartment housing the second battery cluster and the second sub-compartment housing a control module; the first and second sub-compartments are arranged along a first direction of the second compartment; the first and second compartments are stacked along a second direction; the first and second battery clusters are connected in parallel; the first and second directions are perpendicular to each other; the control module includes at least one first sub-control module and at least one second sub-control module; wherein, one first sub-control module is used for electrical control of at least one first battery cluster; and one second sub-control module is used for electrical control of at least one second battery cluster. Because the first and second compartments are modularly combined along the second direction, and the control module integrates the first and second compartments and their internal components into a complete energy storage system, the first compartment and its internal components, and the second compartment and its internal components can be transported independently during transportation. After transportation, they can form a high-energy energy storage system, thus balancing high energy output and ease of transportation. By placing the control module in the second sub-compartment, more space is left for the first and second compartments to accommodate battery clusters. This allows both the first and second compartments to carry more battery clusters while meeting transportation requirements, thereby increasing the energy density of both compartments.

[0083] The energy storage system is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system structure provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the energy storage system includes a first compartment 10 and a second compartment 30. The first compartment 10 houses a first battery cluster 20. The second compartment 30 includes a first sub-compartment 301 and a second sub-compartment 302. The first sub-compartment 301 houses a second battery cluster 40, and the second sub-compartment 302 houses a control module 50. The first sub-compartment 301 and the second sub-compartment 302 are arranged along a first direction (X) of the second compartment. The first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 are stacked along a second direction (Z). The first battery cluster 20 and the second battery cluster 40 are connected in parallel. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The control module 50 includes at least one first sub-control module 501 and at least one second sub-control module 502. The first sub-control module 501 is used to electrically control at least one first battery cluster 20, and the second sub-control module 502 is used to electrically control at least one second battery cluster.

[0085] In the specific implementation process, the first storage body 10 can be a cube or a cuboid, and its dimensions along the first direction X and the third direction Y can be equal to or different from the dimensions of a standard container along the first direction X and the third direction Y. The second storage body 30 can also be a cube or a cuboid, and its dimensions along the first direction X and the third direction Y can be equal to or different from the dimensions of a standard container along the first direction X and the third direction Y.

[0086] The first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 are stacked along the second direction Z, and the first compartment 10 can be located above the second compartment 30 to achieve the effect of the second compartment 30 supporting the first compartment 10. The first compartment 10 can also be located below the second compartment 30 to achieve the effect of the first compartment 10 supporting the second compartment 30. The first direction X, the third direction Y, and the second direction Z of the first compartment 10 are consistent with the first direction X, the third direction Y, and the second direction Z of the second compartment 30, respectively. It can be understood that, for the case where the first compartment and the second compartment are cuboids, the first direction X can be the length direction of the compartment, the third direction Y can be the width direction of the compartment, and the second direction Z can be the height direction of the compartment.

[0087] The battery cluster (including the first battery cluster 20 and the second battery cluster 40) is one of the core components of the energy storage system, comprising multiple battery devices (including the first battery device and the second battery device) for storing and releasing electrical energy.

[0088] The number of first battery clusters 20 can be multiple, and can be specifically set according to the size of the first compartment 10 and the number of battery cells contained in one first battery cluster 20. For example, if the size of the first compartment 10 in the first direction X is 6058mm, the size in the third direction Y is 2438mm, the size in the second direction Z is 1448mm, and one first battery cluster 20 includes 416 battery cells, then the number of first battery clusters 20 can be 5.

[0089] Similarly, the number of second battery clusters 40 can be multiple, which can be set according to the size of the second compartment 30 and the number of battery cells contained in one second battery cluster 40. For example, if the size of the second compartment 30 in the first direction X is 6058mm, the size in the third direction Y is 2438mm, the size in the second direction Z is 1448mm, and one second battery cluster 40 includes 416 battery cells, then the number of second battery clusters 40 can be 5.

[0090] The control module 50 includes a first sub-control module 501 and a second sub-control module 502. The first sub-control module 501 can control the electrical input or output of at least one first battery cluster 20 connected to it, thereby achieving electrical control of at least one first battery cluster 20. Taking one first sub-control module 501 controlling one first battery cluster 20 as an example, the number of first battery clusters 20 is the same as the number of first sub-control modules 501. The first sub-control module 501 is a single-branch sub-control module. If one first sub-control module 501 controls two first battery clusters 20, then the first sub-control module 501 is a dual-branch sub-control module. The second sub-control module 502 can control the electrical input or output of at least one second battery cluster 40 connected to it, thereby achieving electrical control of at least one second battery cluster 40. Taking one second sub-control module 502 controlling one second battery cluster 40 as an example, the number of second battery clusters 40 is the same as the number of second sub-control modules 502. The second sub-control module 502 is a single-branch control module. If one second sub-control module 502 controls two second battery clusters 40, then the second sub-control module 502 is a dual-branch sub-control module. It should be noted that the electrical control here refers to low-voltage control and high-voltage control.

[0091] Understandably, the first sub-control module 501 is also used to forward first data of the first battery cluster 20, wherein the first data includes voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), etc. of the first battery cluster 20. The second sub-control module 502 is also used to forward second data of the second battery cluster 40, wherein the second data includes voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), etc. of the second battery cluster 40.

[0092] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 are modularly combined along the second direction, and the control module 50 integrates the first compartment 10, the second compartment 30, and their internal components into a complete energy storage system. During transportation, the first compartment 10 and its internal components, and the second compartment 30 and its internal components can be transported independently. After transportation, the two can form a high-energy energy storage system, thus balancing high energy density and ease of transportation. Because the control module 50 is located in the second sub-compartment, more space is provided for the areas in the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 that house the batteries. Therefore, while meeting transportation requirements, the dimensions of the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 can be maintained, allowing both the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 to carry more battery clusters, thereby increasing the energy density of both compartments.

[0093] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a first sub-control module provided in this application embodiment. It should be noted that the circuit diagram of the second sub-control module is the same as that in Figure 2, and will not be repeated here. The first sub-control module includes a first secondary controller (not shown in the figure), a first fusion switch 602, a first main negative contactor 603, a first current sensor 604, and a first fuse 605. The first secondary controller, the first fusion switch 602, the first main negative contactor 603, the first current sensor 604, and the first fuse 605 are disposed within a first housing 601; the first secondary controller is used to control the first battery cluster.

[0094] In some embodiments, the second sub-control module includes a second secondary controller, a second fusion switch, a second main negative contactor, a second current sensor, and a second fuse, wherein the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, the second current sensor, the second SBMU, and the second fuse are disposed within the second enclosure.

[0095] In the specific implementation process, the function of the first fusion switch 602 is to set a maintenance breakpoint and support the host computer to control the power supply of the first battery cluster 20. In this embodiment, the first fusion switch 602 replaces the three contactors and one disconnecting switch in the traditional first sub-control module, thereby reducing the number of electronic components contained in the first sub-control module and thus making it smaller in size. The function of the first main negative contactor 603 is redundancy protection; when the fusion switch fails, this first main negative contactor can be used to disconnect the high-voltage circuit. The first current sensor 604 is used to monitor the current in the circuit. The first fuse 605 is used for overload and short-circuit protection; that is, when the circuit is overloaded or short-circuited, the first fuse 605 opens, making the circuit in an open-circuit state and improving the safety of the circuit.

[0096] The function of the second fusion switch is to set a maintenance breakpoint and support the host computer to control the power supply and de-energization of the second battery cluster. In this embodiment, the second fusion switch replaces the three contactors and one disconnecting switch in the traditional second sub-control module, thereby reducing the number of electronic components in the second sub-control module and allowing for a smaller size. The function of the second main negative contactor is redundant protection; when the fusion switch fails, this second main negative contactor can be used to disconnect the high-voltage circuit. The second current sensor is used to monitor the current in the circuit. The second fuse is used for overload and short-circuit protection; that is, when the circuit is overloaded or short-circuited, the second fuse breaks, putting the circuit in an open-circuit state and improving circuit safety.

[0097] Based on the above embodiments, the first fuse 605 can be disposed outside the first housing 601, and the second fuse can also be disposed outside the second housing.

[0098] In practical implementation, since the first fuse 605 may generate a lot of heat during operation, placing it outside the enclosure can effectively reduce heat accumulation inside the first enclosure 601, thus reducing the risk of damage to the electrical components inside the first enclosure 601 due to high temperatures. Therefore, placing the first fuse 605 outside the first enclosure 601 facilitates heat dissipation and reduces the risk of damage to the electrical components inside the first enclosure 601. Furthermore, placing the first fuse 605 outside the first enclosure 601 saves space inside the first enclosure 601, allowing the first enclosure 601 to more compactly accommodate components such as the first fusion switch 602, the first main negative contactor 603, and the first current sensor 604, which helps improve the integration and space utilization of the entire control module.

[0099] Since the second fuse may generate a significant amount of heat during operation, placing it outside the enclosure effectively reduces heat accumulation inside the enclosure, lowering the risk of damage to electrical components due to high temperatures. Therefore, placing the second fuse outside the enclosure facilitates heat dissipation and reduces the risk of damage to internal electrical components. Furthermore, placing the second fuse outside the enclosure saves internal space, allowing for a more compact design to accommodate components such as the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, and the second current sensor, thus improving the overall integration and space utilization of the control module.

[0100] It should be noted that the connection method of the first fuse 605 located outside the first enclosure 601 is the same as the connection method of the fuse located inside the first enclosure 601; the connection method of the second fuse located outside the second enclosure is the same as the connection method of the fuse located inside the second enclosure.

[0101] Alternatively, the fuse can be installed on the top of the main control box. A metal housing with heat dissipation fins (size adapted to the fuse model) can be added to the top of the main control box and fixed to the main control box body with bolts. The electrical connection uses a direct copper busbar. To prevent accidental activation, it can be shielded with an insulating board, such as a transparent acrylic sheet. It can also be installed in a separate fuse compartment on the side of the main control box. A waterproof sheet metal box is mounted on the side of the main control box, with a pre-installed DIN rail inside, and the fuse is secured with clips.

[0102] In this embodiment, by placing the first fuse 605 outside the first enclosure 601, the first enclosure 601 can be made smaller. Furthermore, since the first fuse 605 generates heat during operation, placing it externally improves heat dissipation, extends its lifespan, facilitates fuse replacement, and lowers the temperature inside the first enclosure 601. Similarly, by placing the second fuse outside the second enclosure, the second enclosure can be made smaller. Again, since the second fuse generates heat during operation, external placement improves heat dissipation, extends its lifespan, facilitates fuse replacement, and lowers the temperature inside the second enclosure.

[0103] Based on the above embodiments, the first battery cluster is connected to the first energy storage converter via the first busbar;

[0104] And / or, the second battery cluster is connected to the second energy storage converter via the second busbar.

[0105] In the specific implementation process, the external first energy storage converter is connected to the first battery cluster via a busbar. The first energy storage converter is a device that connects external equipment and the first battery cluster. The external equipment can be the power grid, electrical equipment, etc. Taking a first battery cluster of 5 as an example, the busbar can reserve 6 sets of outgoing interfaces, allowing 1 to 6 lines to be connected from the battery container and connected in parallel to the first energy storage converter.

[0106] When the energy storage system is charging, the first energy storage converter acts as a rectifier, converting the AC power from the AC side to DC power and storing it in the first battery cluster. When the energy storage system is discharging, the first energy storage converter acts as an inverter, converting the DC power from the DC side to AC power and supplying it to external devices.

[0107] The first energy storage converter may include one or more first energy storage converters. When the first energy storage converter includes one first energy storage converter, that converter corresponds to all first battery clusters and is used to control the multiple first battery clusters to maintain synchronization during charging and discharging. When the first energy storage converter includes multiple first energy storage converters, for example, if the number of first energy storage converters is equal to the number of first battery clusters, then one first energy storage converter can control one first battery cluster. If the number of first energy storage converters is less than the number of first battery clusters, then multiple first battery clusters can be assigned to multiple first energy storage converters; that is, some first energy storage converters may correspond to one first battery cluster, and some may correspond to multiple first battery clusters.

[0108] An external second energy storage converter is connected to the second battery cluster via a busbar. The second energy storage converter is a device that connects external equipment to the second battery cluster. The external equipment can be the power grid, electrical appliances, etc. Taking a second battery cluster of 5 as an example, the busbar can reserve 6 sets of outgoing interfaces, allowing 1 to 6 lines to be connected from the battery container and connected in parallel to the second energy storage converter.

[0109] When the energy storage system is charging, the second energy storage converter acts as a rectifier, converting the AC power from the AC side to DC power and storing it in the second battery cluster. When the energy storage system is discharging, the second energy storage converter acts as an inverter, converting the DC power from the DC side to AC power and supplying it to external devices.

[0110] The second energy storage converter may include one or more second energy storage converters. When the second energy storage converter includes one second energy storage converter, that converter corresponds to all the second battery clusters and is used to control the second battery clusters to maintain synchronization during charging and discharging. When the second energy storage converter includes multiple second energy storage converters, for example, if the number of second energy storage converters is equal to the number of second battery clusters, then one second energy storage converter can control one second battery cluster. If the number of second energy storage converters is less than the number of second battery clusters, then multiple second battery clusters can be assigned to multiple second energy storage converters; that is, some second energy storage converters may correspond to one second battery cluster, and some second energy storage converters may correspond to multiple second battery clusters.

[0111] In this embodiment, a first energy storage converter is connected to a first battery cluster. The first energy storage converter can input or output electrical energy from the first battery cluster, allowing multiple first battery clusters to be connected to electrical equipment or the power grid, thereby improving the performance of the first storage unit. Similarly, a second energy storage converter is connected to a second battery cluster. The second energy storage converter can input or output electrical energy from the second battery cluster, allowing multiple second battery clusters to be connected to electrical equipment or the power grid, thereby improving the performance of the second storage unit.

[0112] In some embodiments, the maximum operating voltage of the first energy storage converter can be 1500V. In some embodiments, the maximum operating voltage of the second energy storage converter can be 1500V. It should be noted that the maximum operating voltage of the first energy storage converter on the DC side is determined based on the maximum voltage of the first battery cluster in the corresponding first compartment; the maximum operating voltage of the second energy storage converter on the DC side is determined based on the maximum voltage of the second battery cluster in the corresponding second compartment. The power of the first energy storage converter on the AC side is greater than the power of the first battery cluster; the power of the second energy storage converter on the AC side is greater than the power of the second battery cluster.

[0113] The following example applies to both the first and second compartments, using lithium iron phosphate battery cells as an example. The maximum operating voltage of each battery cell is 3.2V. Each high-voltage circuit contains one battery cluster, and each battery cluster contains four battery units. Each battery unit contains 104 battery cells, and these 104 battery cells are connected in series. Therefore, one battery cluster consists of 416 battery cells connected in series. Consequently, the maximum operating voltage of each battery cluster is 1331.2V.

[0114] Based on the above embodiments, the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are respectively connected to the third energy storage converter via the third bus.

[0115] In the specific implementation process, the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster can share a third energy storage converter, wherein the third energy storage converter can include a third energy storage converter, so that the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster can be charged or discharged synchronously.

[0116] When the energy storage system is charging, the third energy storage converter acts as a rectifier, converting AC power from the AC side to DC power and storing it in the first and second battery clusters. When the energy storage system is discharging, the third energy storage converter acts as an inverter, converting the DC power stored in the first and second battery clusters back to AC power and supplying it to external devices. At this time, the maximum operating voltage of the third energy storage converter is 1500V, and its power is greater than the sum of the power of the first and second battery clusters.

[0117] In this embodiment, a third energy storage converter is connected to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster respectively, so that the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster can be charged or discharged at the same time, and the use of electrical components (e.g., one less energy storage converter and insulation detection device IMM) is reduced, thus reducing hardware costs.

[0118] Based on the above embodiments, a first DC surge protector is provided on the first busbar; and / or, a second DC surge protector is provided on the second busbar.

[0119] In practice, battery clusters may be affected by DC surge voltages during charging and discharging. These surge voltages can originate from various factors, such as lightning strikes, grid fluctuations, and switching operations. Without protection, surge voltages may damage battery clusters, energy storage converters, and other related equipment, affecting the normal operation and lifespan of the energy storage system.

[0120] The first DC surge protector is mounted on the first busbar, which is the electrical connection component connecting the first battery cluster and the first energy storage converter. Installing the surge protector here effectively protects the circuit between the first battery cluster and the first energy storage converter, thus enabling timely response and protection of the entire circuit in the event of a surge voltage. It should be noted that the first battery cluster comprises multiple battery clusters, and these multiple battery clusters can be connected to one first busbar.

[0121] The second DC surge protector is located on the second busbar and is closely related to the connection circuit of the second battery cluster and the second energy storage converter. Similar to the first DC surge protector, its location allows it to effectively protect the circuit between the second battery cluster and the second energy storage converter from surge voltage. It should be noted that the second battery cluster comprises multiple battery clusters, and these multiple battery clusters can be connected to one second busbar.

[0122] This embodiment of the application reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters by installing a first DC surge protector on the first busbar, thereby reducing the damage to other equipment in the electrical circuit caused by surges. Similarly, installing a second DC surge protector on the second busbar reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters, further reducing the damage to other equipment in the electrical circuit caused by surges.

[0123] Based on the above embodiments, a third DC surge protector is provided on the third bus.

[0124] In practical implementation, when the first and second battery clusters share a third energy storage device, the third bus is the electrical connection component connecting the first and second battery clusters and the third energy storage converter. Therefore, installing a third DC surge protector on the third bus can effectively protect the circuit between the first and second battery clusters and the third energy storage converter, thus responding promptly and protecting the entire circuit when a surge voltage occurs.

[0125] This application embodiment reduces the risk of surge current or voltage spikes in the electrical circuit due to lightning strikes or interference from energy storage converters by installing a third DC surge protector on the third bus, thereby reducing the damage of surges to other equipment in the electrical circuit.

[0126] Based on the above embodiments, a first insulation detection device is provided on the first busbar; and / or, a second insulation detection device is provided on the second busbar.

[0127] In practical implementation, the insulation condition of the DC side is crucial for the safe operation of the system. Installing insulation detection equipment can monitor the insulation status between the busbar and ground in real time, promptly detect insulation faults, and prevent safety accidents such as leakage and short circuits caused by poor insulation, thus making the energy storage system, operators, and surrounding equipment safer.

[0128] The first insulation testing device is installed on the first busbar, adjacent to the connection area between the first energy storage converter and the first battery cluster, so as to effectively monitor the insulation of the entire DC circuit connected to the first busbar.

[0129] The insulation resistance between the first busbar and ground is continuously monitored by the first insulation detection device. When the insulation resistance is lower than the set safety threshold, the first insulation detection device issues an alarm signal, enabling maintenance personnel to repair the fault point in a timely manner.

[0130] The second insulation testing device is installed on the second busbar, adjacent to the connection area between the second energy storage converter and the second battery cluster, so as to effectively monitor the insulation of the entire DC circuit connected to the second busbar.

[0131] The second insulation detection device continuously monitors the insulation resistance between the second busbar and ground. When the insulation resistance is lower than the set safety threshold, the second insulation detection device issues an alarm signal, enabling maintenance personnel to repair the fault point in a timely manner.

[0132] This application embodiment uses a first insulation detection device installed on a first busbar to detect the insulation status of the first compartment, thereby improving the safety of the equipment inside the first compartment; and uses a second insulation detection device installed on a second busbar to detect the insulation status of the second compartment, thereby improving the safety of the equipment inside the second compartment.

[0133] Based on the above embodiments, a third insulation detection device is provided on the third bus.

[0134] In the specific implementation process, when the first and second battery clusters share a third energy storage converter, a third insulation detection device installed on the third busbar continuously monitors the insulation resistance between the third busbar and ground. When the insulation resistance falls below a set safety threshold, the third insulation detection device issues an alarm signal, enabling maintenance personnel to promptly repair the fault.

[0135] This application embodiment includes a third insulation detection device on the third busbar, which can detect the insulation status of the first and second compartments, thereby improving the safety of each device in the first and second compartments.

[0136] Based on the above embodiments, the energy storage system also includes a power distribution module, which is located in the second sub-compartment; the control module also includes a main control module, and the power distribution module is used to supply power to the main control module, the first sub-control module and the second sub-control module.

[0137] In the specific implementation process, the main control module is connected to both the first and second sub-control modules to receive data from the corresponding battery clusters collected by the first and second sub-control modules, and to analyze and process the data. The power distribution module supplies power to the main control module, the first sub-control module, and the second sub-control module. It should be noted that the power distribution module can also supply power to auxiliary modules, which may include, but are not limited to, fire control modules and thermal management modules.

[0138] This application places the power distribution module and the main control module in the second sub-compartment. Compared with the traditional method of having two modules in one compartment, this reduces the number of connectors between the two compartments and shortens the wiring harness length between electrical components.

[0139] In the above scheme, since the power distribution module requires frequent manual intervention or maintenance, accommodating the power distribution module in the second sub-compartment can significantly improve the convenience of installation and maintenance of the energy storage system.

[0140] Based on the above embodiments, at least one first battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module, and at least one second battery cluster is connected to the power distribution module.

[0141] In the specific implementation process, at least one first battery cluster in the first compartment is connected to the power distribution module, so that the first battery cluster connected to the power distribution module serves as a self-powered power source, also known as an uninterruptible power source. When the power grid and the energy storage system are disconnected, the first battery cluster can be used as a power source to supply power to other electrical components in the energy storage system.

[0142] At least one second battery cluster in the second compartment is connected to the power distribution module, so that the second battery cluster connected to the power distribution module can act as a self-powered power source, also known as an uninterruptible power source. When the power grid and the energy storage system are disconnected, the second battery cluster can be used as a power source to supply power to other electrical components in the energy storage system.

[0143] It should be noted that the first and second battery clusters, which are closest to the power distribution module, can be connected to the power distribution module to reduce the wiring distance.

[0144] Based on the above embodiments, the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction are both smaller than the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

[0145] The dimension of the first compartment along the second direction Z is smaller than that of a standard container along the second direction Z, and the dimension of the second compartment along the second direction Z is also smaller than that of a standard container along the second direction Z. Taking a 20-foot standard container as an example, the height of both the first and second compartments is less than 2896mm.

[0146] In the above scheme, the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction Z and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction Z are both smaller than the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction Z. Compared to a standard container, the first and second compartments can have smaller volumes for the same energy, thus enabling them to have a larger volumetric energy density after accommodating the battery device.

[0147] Based on the above embodiments, the first battery cluster includes a plurality of first battery devices, and each first battery device includes a plurality of first battery cells;

[0148] The second battery cluster includes multiple second battery devices, and each second battery device includes multiple second battery cells.

[0149] In the specific implementation process, each of the multiple first battery clusters set in the first compartment includes multiple first battery devices, which are connected in series. Each first battery device includes multiple first battery cells, which are also connected in series. The number of first battery cells in each of the multiple first battery devices is the same. For example, a first battery cluster includes 4 first battery devices, each first battery device includes 104 battery cells, and the 104 battery cells are connected in series. Therefore, a first battery cluster consists of 416 battery cells connected in series.

[0150] In the second compartment, multiple second battery clusters are arranged. Each second battery cluster includes multiple second battery devices connected in series. Each second battery device includes multiple second battery cells, which are also connected in series. The number of second battery cells in each of the multiple second battery devices is the same. For example, a second battery cluster includes four second battery devices, each second battery device includes 104 battery cells, and the 104 battery cells are connected in series. Therefore, a second battery cluster consists of 416 battery cells connected in series.

[0151] A battery cluster consisting of four battery units (including the first and second battery units) is connected in parallel to form a single circuit after passing through independent sub-control modules (including the first and second sub-control modules). The sub-control modules include battery management equipment, protection modules, main control and pre-charge circuits, sampling equipment, heat dissipation modules, self-powering modules, and indicator lights. The battery management system equipment is a secondary controller that collects voltage and temperature information from each battery box; current in the main control circuit; high voltage information for each cluster; status monitoring dry contact information for key components; and temperature information inside the main control box. The secondary controller can control contactor operation, heat dissipation modules, and indicator lights; simultaneously, it can transmit necessary information about each battery cluster to the main control module MBMU (also known as the primary controller).

[0152] The protection module includes a main control box fuse and a disconnecting switch (or a combined switch). The cabinet fuse actively melts to protect the high-voltage circuit devices when a short circuit or overload occurs in a single high-voltage circuit. After the disconnecting switch is opened, it establishes a reliable insulation gap, providing a clear disconnection point between the equipment under maintenance and the power supply to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel and equipment.

[0153] The main control and pre-charge circuit includes a fusion switch (or a disconnecting switch), a main negative contactor, and a pre-charge resistor, etc. The pre-charge circuit is used to reduce voltage jumps when starting a high-voltage system and can balance the voltage levels of multiple parallel clusters. The pre-charge circuit is located at the positive terminal of the high-voltage circuit.

[0154] The sampling equipment mainly includes a current sensor, which is used to collect the current in the high-voltage circuit and feed the signal back to the secondary controller.

[0155] The heat dissipation module mainly includes an axial fan, which dissipates heat by turbulent airflow. The axial fan is controlled by a secondary controller, and fault signals are fed back to the secondary controller. The common operating strategy is to activate the sub-control module when the temperature of the negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) reaches a preset activation temperature and deactivate it when the temperature falls below a preset deactivation temperature. In some embodiments, the fuse can be installed outside the sub-control module for better heat dissipation, extended fuse lifespan, and easier fuse replacement.

[0156] In this embodiment, the first and second battery clusters can have larger voltages, which is beneficial to improving the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0157] Based on the above embodiments, the first compartment can accommodate 5 first battery clusters, each first battery cluster including 4 first battery devices, and each first battery device including 104 first battery cells; the second compartment can accommodate 5 second battery clusters, each second battery cluster including 4 second battery devices, and each second battery device including 104 second battery cells.

[0158] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application. The first battery devices in the first compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; multiple first battery devices in each row are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment, and multiple first battery devices in each column are arranged along a second direction of the first compartment. The second battery devices in the second compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; multiple second battery devices in each row are arranged along a first direction of the second compartment, and multiple second battery devices in each column are arranged along a second direction of the second compartment. The difference between Figure 3 and Figure 4 is that the arrangement of the battery devices constituting the battery clusters is different; battery devices within the same dashed frame belong to the same battery cluster. The arrangement of the battery clusters in the first and second compartments can adopt either Figure 3 or Figure 4. Therefore, the arrangement of the first battery clusters in the first compartment can be the same as or different from the arrangement of the second battery clusters in the second compartment.

[0159] Regarding the layout shown in Figures 3 and 4, the battery cluster closest to the distribution box can be used as a self-supply power source and connected to the distribution box. It should be noted that the self-supply power source can also be reasonably selected based on actual needs; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this. The self-supply power source is used to power necessary equipment within the energy storage system, such as battery management devices, integrated switches, and displays. Power is supplied by the battery clusters and chopped into 24V DC by the power conversion module to power the aforementioned equipment.

[0160] In this embodiment, the first battery devices in the first compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, so that the dimension of the first compartment along the first direction is the same as the dimension of a standard container along the first direction. Furthermore, the original first sub-control module in the first compartment is moved to the second sub-compartment, thereby allowing the first compartment to accommodate one more battery cluster, thus increasing the energy density of the first compartment. Similarly, the second battery devices in the second compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, so that the dimension of the first compartment along the first direction is the same as the dimension of a standard container along the first direction. Furthermore, the original second sub-control module in the second compartment is moved to the second sub-compartment, thereby allowing the second compartment to accommodate one more battery cluster, thus increasing the energy density of the second compartment.

[0161] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another battery cluster arrangement provided in an embodiment of this application. The battery cluster arrangements in both the first and second compartments can be shown in Figure 5. The first compartment can accommodate 6 first battery clusters, and the second compartment can accommodate 6 second battery clusters. The first battery devices are arranged in 6 rows and 4 columns; multiple first battery devices in each row are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment, and multiple first battery devices in each column are arranged along a second direction of the first compartment. The first battery device includes 104 first battery cells. The second battery devices in the second compartment are arranged in 6 rows and 4 columns; multiple second battery devices in each row are arranged along a first direction of the second compartment, and multiple second battery devices in each column are arranged along a second direction of the second compartment. The second battery device includes 104 second battery cells. When 6 battery clusters are arranged in each compartment, the dimension of the compartment in the second direction can be 2050 mm or greater than 2050 mm.

[0162] Based on the above embodiments, the energy storage system further includes a thermal management module, which is used to perform thermal management on multiple battery devices in the first compartment and the second compartment; at least a portion of the thermal management module is housed in the first compartment.

[0163] In the above scheme, at least a portion of the thermal management module is housed within the first compartment, allowing at least a portion of the thermal management module to be transported synchronously with the first compartment. Furthermore, some pipelines can be connected in advance before transportation, improving the ease of installation of the energy storage system.

[0164] Based on the above embodiments, the first compartment includes a third sub-compartment and a fourth sub-compartment. The first compartment has a first isolation layer that separates the third sub-compartment and the fourth sub-compartment. The third sub-compartment is located above the fourth sub-compartment. The entire thermal management module is housed in the third sub-compartment, and the battery device located in the first compartment is housed in the fourth sub-compartment.

[0165] In the above scheme, the thermal management module and battery unit can be assembled using the first isolation layer as the assembly reference. The thermal management module is located above the battery unit, and it can shield the battery unit from sunlight, reducing sunlight exposure and improving the temperature uniformity of each battery unit.

[0166] Based on the above embodiments, the first compartment further includes a fifth sub-compartment. The first compartment has a second isolation layer that separates the third and fifth sub-compartments, as well as the fourth and fifth sub-compartments. The fifth and fourth sub-compartments are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment, and the fifth sub-compartment is used to accommodate the connecting harness between the first and second compartments.

[0167] Based on the above embodiments, the sum of the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction is greater than or equal to the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

[0168] In the specific implementation process, after stacking the first and second compartments, their total height can be equal to or greater than the height of a standard shipping container.

[0169] A standard container can refer to a container of standard dimensions used in transportation, such as 20 feet, 30 feet, 40 feet, or 45 feet. These dimensions conform to the corresponding standards, with specific length, width, and height measurements. Standard containers can be referenced in GB / T1413-2023 Series 1: Container Classification, Dimensions, and Rated Mass.

[0170] A 20-foot container can include: a dimension of 6058mm in the first direction (X), with a tolerance of 0mm-6mm; a dimension of 2438mm in the third direction (Y), with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm; and a dimension of 2896mm, 2591mm, or no greater than 2438mm in the second direction, with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm. The dimension smaller than that of a standard container in the second direction (Z) can be understood as being smaller than 2896mm.

[0171] A 30-foot container can include: a dimension of 9125mm in the first direction (X), with a tolerance of 0mm-10mm; a dimension of 2438mm in the second direction, with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm; and a dimension of 2896mm, 2591mm, or no greater than 2438mm in the second direction, with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm. Here, "smaller than the standard container's dimension in the second direction (Z)" can be understood as being smaller than 2896mm.

[0172] A 40-foot container can include: a dimension of 12192mm in the first direction (X), with a tolerance of 0mm-10mm; a dimension of 2438mm in the third direction (Y), with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm; and a dimension of 2896mm, 2591mm, or no greater than 2438mm in the second direction, with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm. The dimension smaller than that of a standard container in the second direction (Z) can be understood as being smaller than 2896mm.

[0173] A 45-foot container can include: a dimension of 13716mm in the first direction (X), with a tolerance of 0mm-10mm; a dimension of 2438mm in the third direction (Y), with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm; and a dimension of 2591mm or 2896mm in the second direction, with a tolerance of 0mm-5mm. The dimension smaller than that of a standard container in the second direction (Z) can be understood as being smaller than 2896mm.

[0174] Alternatively, for containers of various sizes, dimensions within ±5% of their dimensions can be considered as dimensions within tolerance.

[0175] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the application scenario of five battery clusters is set in both the first and second compartments, which is comparable to a standard 20-foot container. That is, the dimensions of the first and second compartments in the first direction X and the third direction Y are the same as those of the standard container in the first direction X and the third direction Y. After the first and second compartments are stacked, their dimensions in the second direction Z are equal to or greater than those of the standard container in the second direction Z, and the height difference is within a preset range.

[0176] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system structure provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the energy storage system includes a first compartment 10 and a second compartment 30. The first compartment 10 houses a first battery cluster 20, and the second compartment 30 includes a first sub-compartment 301 and a second sub-compartment 302. The first sub-compartment 301 houses a second battery cluster 40, and the second sub-compartment 302 houses a control module 50. The control module 50 includes at least one first sub-control module 501 and at least one second sub-control module 502. The first sub-control module 501 is used for electrical control of the first battery cluster 20 and can also be used to collect battery parameters of the first battery cluster 20, such as current, voltage, and temperature. The second sub-control module 502 is used for electrical control of the second battery cluster 40 and can also be used to collect battery parameters of the second battery cluster 40, such as current, voltage, and temperature. The control module also includes a main control module 503, which is connected to the first sub-control module 501 and the second sub-control module 502, and is used to receive data from the first sub-control module 501 and the second sub-control module 502, and to send control commands to the first sub-control module 501 and the second sub-control module 502.

[0177] Multiple first battery clusters 20 are connected to an external first energy storage converter via a busbar, and the other end of the first energy storage converter is connected to an external device. Multiple second battery clusters 40 are connected to an external second energy storage converter via a busbar, and the other end of the second energy storage converter is connected to an external device. It should be noted that the multiple first battery clusters 20 are connected to the external energy storage converter via a busbar.

[0178] The first compartment 10 may include five parallel first battery clusters 20, each first battery cluster 20 including four series-connected first battery devices 201, and each first battery device 201 including 104 series-connected battery cells (not shown in the figure). The first battery devices 201 are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, and the four first battery devices 201 within the dashed box constitute one first battery cluster 20. The second compartment 30 may also include five parallel second battery clusters 40, each second battery cluster 40 including four series-connected second battery devices 401, and each second battery device 401 including 104 series-connected battery cells (not shown in the figure). The second battery devices 401 are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns, and the four second battery devices 401 within the dashed box constitute one second battery cluster 40.

[0179] The first compartment 10 has a dimension of 6058mm in the first direction X, a dimension of 2438mm in the third direction Y, and a dimension of 1790mm in the second direction Z.

[0180] The second compartment 30 has a dimension of 6058mm in the first direction X, a dimension of 2438mm in the third direction Y, and a dimension of 1790mm in the second direction Z.

[0181] Among them, the dimensions within ±5% of the above dimensions can be regarded as the dimensions within the tolerance range.

[0182] The second sub-compartment 302 may also include a power distribution module 70, etc.

[0183] The first sub-control module 501 and the second sub-control module 502 in the second sub-compartment 302 mainly include a fusion switch, a contactor, a current sensor, and a fuse. The fusion switch, contactor, and current sensor are housed inside the casing, while the fuse is located outside the casing. This is because fuses generate a lot of heat during operation and are easily damaged. Placing the fuse outside the casing reduces the temperature rise inside the casings of both the first and second sub-control modules. Additionally, it facilitates fuse maintenance.

[0184] The first compartment 10 may include a third sub-compartment 101, a fourth sub-compartment 102 and a fifth sub-compartment 103, wherein the third sub-compartment 101 houses the thermal management module, the fourth sub-compartment 102 houses the first battery cluster 20 and the fifth sub-compartment 103 houses the connecting harness between the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30.

[0185] It should be noted that the division of the first battery cluster 20 in the first compartment 10 can also be such that each row is a first battery cluster 20; the division of the second battery cluster 40 in the second compartment 30 can also be such that each row is a second battery cluster 40.

[0186] In addition, the first battery cluster 20 and the second battery cluster 40 can share a third energy storage converter.

[0187] Therefore, by placing the first sub-control module 501 and the second sub-control module 502 in the second sub-compartment 302, the space utilization of the first sub-compartment 301 in the first compartment 10 and the second compartment 30 is reduced, thereby allowing the first compartment 10 and the first sub-compartment 301 to accommodate more battery clusters. Furthermore, by housing the power distribution module 70 and the main control module 503 in one compartment (i.e., the second sub-compartment), redundant devices are reduced, improving the space utilization of the second sub-compartment 302. Moreover, this application simplifies the electrical components within the power distribution module 70, reducing unnecessary miniature circuit breakers. By utilizing the built-in overload and undervoltage protection of the electrical components, redundant circuit breaker protection is eliminated. By utilizing the parallel connection of the electrical components, the front end of the parallel electrical components shares a single circuit breaker, eliminating redundant devices, thereby reducing the space occupied by the distribution box and further improving the space utilization of the second sub-compartment 302.

[0188] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0189] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0190] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0191] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0192] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: A first compartment, which contains a first battery cluster; The second compartment includes a first sub-compartment and a second sub-compartment. The first sub-compartment contains a second battery cluster, and the second sub-compartment contains a control module. The first and second sub-compartments are arranged along a first direction of the second compartment. The first and second compartments are stacked along a second direction. The first and second battery clusters are connected in parallel. The first and second directions are perpendicular to each other. The control module includes at least one first sub-control module and at least one second sub-control module; wherein, one first sub-control module is used to perform electrical control on at least one first battery cluster; and one second sub-control module is used to perform electrical control on at least one second battery cluster.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sub-control module includes a first secondary controller, a first fusion switch, a first main negative contactor, a first current sensor, and a first fuse. The first secondary controller, the first fusion switch, the first main negative contactor, the first current sensor, and the first fuse are disposed in the first enclosure. The first secondary controller is used to control the first battery cluster; the first fusion switch is used to control the connection and disconnection between the first battery cluster and the high-voltage circuit; And / or, the second sub-control module includes a second secondary controller, a second fusion switch, a second main negative contactor, a second current sensor, and a second fuse. The second secondary controller, the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, the second current sensor, and the second fuse are disposed in the second enclosure. The second secondary controller is used to control the second battery cluster. The second fusion switch is used to control the connection and disconnection between the second battery cluster and the high-voltage circuit.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sub-control module includes a first secondary controller, a first fusion switch, a first main negative contactor, a first current sensor, and a first fuse. The first secondary controller, the first fusion switch, the first main negative contactor, and the first current sensor are disposed inside the first housing. The first fuse is disposed outside the first housing, with one end of the first fuse connected to the first battery cluster and the other end connected to the main positive circuit of the first sub-control module. And / or, the second sub-control module includes a second secondary controller, a second fusion switch, a second main negative contactor, a second current sensor, and a second fuse. The second enclosure houses the second secondary controller, the second fusion switch, the second main negative contactor, and the second current sensor. The second fuse is located outside the second enclosure, with one end connected to the second battery cluster and the other end connected to the main positive circuit of the second sub-control module.

4. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first battery cluster is connected to the first energy storage converter via the first busbar; And / or, the second battery cluster is connected to the second energy storage converter via the second busbar.

5. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are respectively connected to the third energy storage converter via the third bus.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first DC surge protector is provided on the first busbar; and / or a second DC surge protector is provided on the second busbar.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third busbar is equipped with a third DC surge protector.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that, The first busbar is provided with a first insulation detection device; and / or the second busbar is provided with a second insulation detection device.

9. The energy storage system according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that, The third busbar is equipped with a third insulation testing device.

10. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a power distribution module, which is located in the second sub-compartment; the control module also includes a main control module, and the power distribution module is used to supply power to the main control module, the first sub-control module and the second sub-control module.

11. The energy storage system according to claim 10, characterized in that, At least one of the first battery clusters is connected to the power distribution module, and at least one of the second battery clusters is connected to the power distribution module.

12. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction are both smaller than the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

13. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The first battery cluster includes a plurality of first battery devices, and each first battery device includes a plurality of first battery cells; The second battery cluster includes a plurality of second battery devices, and each second battery device includes a plurality of second battery cells.

14. The energy storage system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first compartment contains five first battery clusters, each first battery cluster comprising four first battery units, and each first battery unit comprising 104 first battery cells. The second compartment houses five second battery clusters, each second battery cluster comprising four second battery units, and each second battery unit comprising 104 second battery cells, or... The first compartment contains 6 of the first battery clusters, each of which includes 4 first battery units, and each first battery unit includes 104 first battery cells. The second compartment contains six second battery clusters, each of which includes four second battery units, and each second battery unit includes 104 second battery cells.

15. The energy storage system according to claim 14, characterized in that, For the case where the first compartment contains 5 of the first battery clusters, the first battery devices inside the first compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; multiple first battery devices in each row are arranged along the first direction of the first compartment, and multiple first battery devices in each column are arranged along the second direction of the first compartment. For the case where the second compartment accommodates 5 second battery clusters, the second battery devices inside the second compartment are arranged in 5 rows and 4 columns; multiple second battery devices in each row are arranged along the first direction of the second compartment, and multiple second battery devices in each column are arranged along the second direction of the second compartment. For the case where the first compartment accommodates 6 of the first battery clusters, the first battery devices inside the first compartment are arranged in 6 rows and 4 columns; multiple first battery devices in each row are arranged along the first direction of the first compartment, and multiple first battery devices in each column are arranged along the second direction of the first compartment. For the case where the second compartment accommodates 6 second battery clusters, the second battery devices inside the second compartment are arranged in 6 rows and 4 columns; multiple second battery devices in each row are arranged along the first direction of the second compartment, and multiple second battery devices in each column are arranged along the second direction of the second compartment.

16. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a thermal management module, which is used to perform thermal management on the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster. The thermal management module is housed within the first compartment.

17. The energy storage system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first compartment includes a third sub-compartment and a fourth sub-compartment. The first compartment has a first isolation layer that separates the third sub-compartment and the fourth sub-compartment. The third sub-compartment is located above the fourth sub-compartment. The thermal management module is housed in the third sub-compartment, and the first battery cluster located in the first compartment is housed in the fourth sub-compartment.

18. The energy storage system according to claim 17, characterized in that, The first compartment further includes a fifth sub-compartment. The first compartment has a second isolation layer that separates the third sub-compartment and the fifth sub-compartment, as well as the fourth sub-compartment and the fifth sub-compartment. The fifth sub-compartment and the fourth sub-compartment are arranged along a first direction of the first compartment. The fifth sub-compartment is used to accommodate the connecting harness between the first compartment and the second compartment.

19. The energy storage system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The sum of the dimensions of the first compartment along the second direction and the dimensions of the second compartment along the second direction is greater than or equal to the dimensions of a standard container along the second direction.

20. The energy storage system according to claim 12 or 19, characterized in that, The standard container is a 20-foot standard container.

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