Communication method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of communications, and specifically to a communication method and a communication apparatus. Multi-user multiplexing can increase system capacity, and in some cases, different error-resilient scrambling sequences corresponding to a plurality of OCC scrambled signals used in multi-user multiplexing will cause phase discontinuity of the plurality of OCC scrambled signals. In the application, (I) [equation 1] third time units are located at adjacent time domain positions to ensure that the plurality of OCC scrambled signals are mapped to adjacent time domain positions, such that the plurality of OCC scrambled signals will be scrambled by the same error-resilient scrambling value, thereby keeping phase continuity; and (II) [equation 1] is greater than or equal to the length of an OCC scrambling sequence, thereby ensuring that the number of the plurality of OCC scrambled signals is greater than or equal to the number of users in a multi-user multiplexing scenario. Therefore, the present application can improve signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

Description

Communication methods and communication devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on January 7, 2025, with application number 202510039300.9 and entitled "Communication Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, specifically to a communication method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0003] Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) refer to networks that communicate using aerial equipment such as satellites, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), or high-altitude platform stations (HAPS). NTNs are characterized by wide coverage, low latency, broadband speeds, and low cost. As a supplement and extension to terrestrial networks, NTNs can achieve wide-area seamless coverage that wired telephone networks and terrestrial mobile communication networks cannot, effectively solving the problem of internet access in areas with insufficient communication infrastructure.

[0004] NTN communication is characterized by significant path loss and limited transmit power, resulting in a poor link budget at the transmitting end. To ensure correct data demodulation, terminals often need to perform numerous retransmissions. However, increased retransmissions lead to decreased spectral efficiency, which in turn reduces system capacity. Generally, NTN cells are large, and the number of terminals within a cell is also large. If a large number of retransmission schemes are used, only a small number of terminals within a cell can access the network.

[0005] One method to improve system capacity is multi-user multiplexing, where multiple users transmit their data on the same resources. Each user's data is scrambled with a specific quadrature scrambling sequence to allow the receiver to distinguish between different users' data. Furthermore, to combat transmission errors, each user's quadrature scrambling signal is also scrambled with an error-resistant scrambling sequence. The error-resistant scrambling sequence used for the quadrature scrambling signal is related to the resource location mapped to the quadrature scrambling signal. In some cases, multiple quadrature scrambling signals corresponding to a single data point may use different error-resistant scrambling sequences. This can cause the phases of these multiple quadrature scrambling signals to become discontinuous, degrading their decoding performance. Improving signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios is a current problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, communication device, communication system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product that can improve signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method. The execution subject of this method is a transmitting end, which may be a terminal or a chip applied to a terminal, or the transmitting end may be a base station or a chip applied to a base station. The method includes: determining a first codeword; determining based on the first codeword... A set of first-time units A set of first time units is used to map the first codeword. A scrambling signal sequence, Each scrambled signal sequence carries a first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, and each of the K second time unit sets includes... A third time unit set, The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same. The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the orthogonal cover code (OCC). greater than or equal to K is a positive integer.

[0008] Multi-user multiplexing requires multiple OCC scrambling signals (i.e., multiple complex symbols carrying the same data scrambled by an OCC scrambling sequence) to be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value (i.e., a value in the error-resistant scrambling sequence) to avoid compromising the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals. The error-resistant scrambling value is time-domain dependent and will be determined in the first codeword. After initialization following the time-domain mapping, if multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to non-adjacent time-domain locations, these OCC scrambling signals will be scrambled with different error-resistant scrambling values, resulting in phase discontinuities in the error-resistant scrambling signals and disrupting the orthogonality of these OCC scrambling signals. In this embodiment, The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position, which ensures that multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to adjacent time domain positions. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals will use the same error-resistant scrambling value for scrambling, so that the phase of the signal after error-resistant scrambling is continuous. If the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence, it ensures that the number of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is greater than or equal to the number of users in a multi-user multiplexing scenario. Therefore, this embodiment can maintain the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals and improve the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0009] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, Satisfy the following formula: Wherein, OCC length represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence.

[0010] In this embodiment, regardless of the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword, and regardless of... and What is the value of in all scenarios? All are equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. This ensures that the error-resistant scrambling values ​​used for multiple OCC scrambling signals remain unchanged, while also reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing. Furthermore, compared to... By using a scheme with a length greater than that of the OCC scrambling sequence, this embodiment avoids using the same error-resistant scrambling value for too much data, thereby improving the error-resistant performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0011] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when one or more of the following conditions are met,

[0012] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1;

[0013] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, The value is less than the OCC length, where, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation;

[0014] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 2;

[0015] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 4, and the OCC length is greater than 2;

[0016] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It is greater than 4, and the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0017] When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1, according to the existing... The formula obtained The value is 1. The value is less than the OCC length (at least equal to 2), which does not meet the requirements for multi-user multiplexing. When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, if... The value is less than the OCC length, or, Equal to 2, or, It equals 4 and the OCC length is greater than 2, or, If the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is greater than 4, then based on Calculated The values ​​do not meet the requirements for multi-user reuse. In these cases, based on calculate Enabling It is equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence used in the first codeword, thus satisfying the requirements of multi-user multiplexing.

[0018] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation, * indicates multiplication, and OCC length indicates the length of the OCC scrambling sequence.

[0019] When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, a unified approach can be used. calculate This allows for improved signal decoding performance while reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing.

[0020] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, one or more of the following conditions are met:

[0021] The value is less than the OCC length;

[0022] It equals 2;

[0023] It equals 4, and the OCC length is greater than 2;

[0024] It is greater than 4, and the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0025] when When it equals 2, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result equals 1. Thus, the error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after one mapping of multiple OCC scrambling signals. Regardless of how the mapping method of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is adjusted, the error-resistant scrambling value used by the multiple OCC scrambling signals cannot remain unchanged. When When the value is less than the OCC length, or when When equal to 4 and OCC length is greater than 2, or, when When the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is greater than 4, based on Received Even with a length less than the OCC length, it's still impossible to maintain the same error-resistant scrambling value for multiple OCC scrambling signals. This embodiment addresses these issues by using... calculate It can ensure that the error-resistant scrambling value used for multiple OCC scrambling signals remains unchanged, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0026] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, and when the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 2, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation.

[0027] when When it equals 4, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 2, so when the OCC length is equal to 2, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of two users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the length is 4 and the OCC length is 2 still uses calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0028] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length is greater than 4, and when the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation.

[0029] when When it is greater than 4, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 4, so when the OCC length is equal to 4, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of four users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is equal to 4 is still used. calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0030] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the number of users who reuse the time-frequency resources mapped by the first codeword.

[0031] The length of the scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the number of users reusing the same time-frequency resource, which enables the receiver to distinguish the signals of different users.

[0032] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, In any set of third time units, there are N time slots or N time domain symbols, where N is a positive integer.

[0033] In this embodiment, the transmitting end can use different time-domain multiplexing types, thereby flexibly adapting to different scenarios.

[0034] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, wherein the executing entity of the method is a receiving end, which may be a terminal or a chip applied to a terminal, or the receiving end may be a base station or a chip applied to a base station. The method includes: in The first codeword is received within the first time unit set. A scrambling signal sequence, Each scrambled signal sequence carries a first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, and each of the K second time unit sets includes... A third time unit set, The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same. The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the OCC scrambling sequence. greater than or equal to A positive integer, K is a positive integer; according to the OCC scrambling sequence and The first codeword is determined by a scrambling signal sequence.

[0035] Multi-user multiplexing requires multiple OCC scrambling signals (i.e., multiple complex symbols carrying the same data scrambled by an OCC scrambling sequence) to be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value (i.e., a value in the error-resistant scrambling sequence) to avoid compromising the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals. The error-resistant scrambling value is time-domain dependent and will be determined in the first codeword. After initialization following the time-domain mapping, if multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to non-adjacent time-domain locations, these OCC scrambling signals will be scrambled with different error-resistant scrambling values, resulting in phase discontinuities in the error-resistant scrambling signals and disrupting the orthogonality of these OCC scrambling signals. In this embodiment, The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position, which ensures that multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to adjacent time domain positions. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals will use the same error-resistant scrambling value for scrambling, so that the phase of the signal after error-resistant scrambling is continuous. If the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence, it ensures that the number of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is greater than or equal to the number of users in a multi-user multiplexing scenario. Therefore, this embodiment can maintain the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals and improve the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0036] In an alternative implementation of the second aspect, Satisfy the following formula: Wherein, OCC length represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence.

[0037] In this embodiment, regardless of the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword, and regardless of... and What is the value of in all scenarios? All are equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. This ensures that the error-resistant scrambling values ​​used for multiple OCC scrambling signals remain unchanged, while also reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing. Furthermore, compared to... By using a scheme with a length greater than that of the OCC scrambling sequence, this embodiment avoids using the same error-resistant scrambling value for too much data, thereby improving the error-resistant performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0038] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when one or more of the following conditions are met,

[0039] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1;

[0040] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, The value is less than the OCC length, where, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation;

[0041] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 2;

[0042] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 4, and the OCC length is greater than 2;

[0043] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It is greater than 4, and the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0044] When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1, according to the existing... The formula obtained The value is 1. The value is less than the OCC length (at least equal to 2), which does not meet the requirements for multi-user multiplexing. When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, if... The value is less than the OCC length, or, Equal to 2, or, It equals 4 and the OCC length is greater than 2, or, If the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is greater than 4, then based on Calculated The values ​​do not meet the requirements for multi-user reuse. In these cases, based on calculate Enabling It is equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence used in the first codeword, thus satisfying the requirements of multi-user multiplexing.

[0045] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation, * indicates multiplication, and OCC length indicates the length of the OCC scrambling sequence.

[0046] When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, a unified approach can be used. calculate This allows for improved signal decoding performance while reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing.

[0047] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, one or more of the following conditions are met:

[0048] The value is less than the OCC length;

[0049] It equals 2;

[0050] It equals 4, and the OCC length is greater than 2;

[0051] It is greater than 4, and the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0052] when When it equals 2, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result equals 1. Thus, the error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after one mapping of multiple OCC scrambling signals. Regardless of how the mapping method of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is adjusted, the error-resistant scrambling value used by the multiple OCC scrambling signals cannot remain unchanged. When When the value is less than the OCC length, or when When equal to 4 and OCC length is greater than 2, or, when When the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is greater than 4, based on Received Even with a length less than the OCC length, it's still impossible to maintain the same error-resistant scrambling value for multiple OCC scrambling signals. This embodiment addresses these issues by using... calculate It can ensure that the error-resistant scrambling value used for multiple OCC scrambling signals remains unchanged, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0053] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, and when the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 2, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation.

[0054] when When it equals 4, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 2, so when the OCC length is equal to 2, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of two users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the length is 4 and the OCC length is 2 still uses calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0055] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length is greater than 4, and when the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation.

[0056] when When it is greater than 4, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 4, so when the OCC length is equal to 4, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of four users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is equal to 4 is still used. calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0057] In an alternative implementation of the second aspect, the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the number of users who reuse the time-frequency resources mapped by the first codeword.

[0058] The length of the scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the number of users reusing the same time-frequency resource, which enables the receiver to distinguish the signals of different users.

[0059] In an alternative implementation of the second aspect, In any set of third time units, there are N time slots or N time domain symbols, where N is a positive integer.

[0060] In this embodiment, the transmitting end can use different time-domain multiplexing types, thereby flexibly adapting to different scenarios.

[0061] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device. The communication device may include a processing unit and a transceiver unit, configured to perform: any method of the first aspect and its optional embodiments, or any method of the second aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0062] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, which may be a terminal or a base station, or a chip applied to a terminal or base station. The communication device may include a processor for executing: any method of the first aspect and its optional embodiments, or any method of the second aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0063] Optionally, when the communication device is a terminal or base station, the processor is, for example, a central processor unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA); when the communication device is a chip, the processor is, for example, a core, which may include at least one execution unit, such as an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU).

[0064] Optionally, the communication device may also include a transceiver. When the communication device is a terminal or a base station, the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an antenna, etc.; when the communication device is a chip, the transceiver may be an input / output interface, pins, or circuits, etc.

[0065] Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory for storing computer programs or instructions, which the processor executes to cause the communication device to perform any of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments. When the communication device is a terminal or base station, the memory may be a read-only memory or a random access memory, etc.; when the communication device is a chip, the memory may be a register or a cache, etc.

[0066] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system comprising: a communication device for performing any one of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments, and a communication device for performing any one of the methods in the second aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0067] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed on a communication device, causes the communication device to perform: any of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments, or any of the methods in the second aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0068] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product comprising: computer program code or computer program instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform: any one of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments, or any one of the methods in the second aspect and its optional embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system used in the embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless access network node provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an NTN link provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an OCC scrambling method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for OCC scrambling using a Walsh sequence provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an OCC descrambling method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an error scrambling method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of symbol-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another symbol-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another time slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another time slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0085] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 1000 used in the embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100, wherein the RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a-110e in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110), and may also include at least one terminal (120a-120d in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). The RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1). The terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to the RAN node 110. Terminals and RAN nodes can be interconnected via wired or wireless means. The communication system 1000 may also include a core network 200. The RAN node 110 is connected to the core network 200 via wireless or wired means. The core network equipment in the core network 200 and the RAN node 110 in the RAN 100 may be independent and different physical devices, or they may be the same physical device that integrates the logical functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the RAN node. The communication system 1000 may also include the Internet 300.

[0086] RAN100 can be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) system, a new radio (NR) system, or a future radio access system as defined in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). RAN100 can also include two or more of the above-mentioned different radio access systems. RAN100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN).

[0087] RAN nodes, also known as network devices, wireless access network devices, RAN entities, or access nodes, are used to help terminals access communication systems wirelessly.

[0088] In one application scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a base station in a future communication network, an access point (AP) in a Wi-Fi system, an AP in a long-range radio (LoRa) system, or an AP in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. A RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or an indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110e), or a relay node (as shown in Figure 1, 110b and 110c).

[0089] In another application scenario, multiple RAN nodes can collaborate to help terminals achieve wireless access, with different RAN nodes implementing different functions of the base station. For example, a RAN node can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). The CU performs the functions of the base station's radio resource control (RRC) protocol and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and can also perform the functions of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). The DU performs the functions of the base station's radio link control (RLC) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer, and can also perform some or all of the physical (PHY) layer functions. For specific descriptions of these protocol layers, refer to the relevant 3GPP technical specifications. The RU can be used to implement radio frequency signal transmission and reception. The CU and DU can be two independent RAN nodes, or they can be integrated into the same RAN node, such as within a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment, such as in a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0090] In different systems, RAN nodes may have different names. For example, in an O-RAN system, a CU can be called an open CU (O-CU), a DU can be called an open DU (O-DU), and a RU can be called an open RU (O-RU).

[0091] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an O-RAN architecture provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0092] As shown in Figure 2, the O-RAN includes O-CU, O-DU, and O-RU. Optionally, the O-CU and O-DU can be integrated into the BBU. The BBU and O-RU can be co-located or non-co-located. The O-CU can communicate with the core network via a backhaul link, the O-CU and O-DU can communicate via a midhaul link, the O-DU and O-RU can communicate via a fronthaul link, and the O-RU can communicate with the user equipment (UE) via an air interface.

[0093] The RAN node in the embodiments of this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. For example, the RAN node can be a server loaded with the corresponding software module. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the RAN node. For ease of description, a base station is used as an example of a RAN node in the following description.

[0094] A terminal is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, capable of sending signals to or receiving signals from a base station. Terminals can also be called terminal devices, user interfaces (UEs), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, and smart cities. Terminals can be mobile phones (as shown in Figure 1, 120a and 120b), tablet computers (as shown in Figure 1, 120c), printers with wireless transceiver capabilities (as shown in Figure 1, 120d), wearable devices, vehicles, charging piles, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the terminals.

[0095] By way of example and not limitation, in the embodiments of this application, wearable devices may also be referred to as wearable smart devices. This is a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. In a broad sense, wearable smart devices include fully functional, large-sized electronic devices that can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses; or electronic devices that focus on a specific type of application function and require cooperation with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for measuring vital signs.

[0096] All the terminals described above, if located in a vehicle (e.g., placed inside or installed inside a vehicle), can be considered vehicle-mounted terminals. Vehicle-mounted terminals can also be called vehicle-mounted modules, vehicle-mounted chips, or on-board units (OBU).

[0097] Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the base stations and terminals.

[0098] The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative. For example, 110d in Figure 1 (which could be a helicopter or a drone) can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals accessing the wireless access network 100 via 110d, 110d is a base station; however, for 110a, 110d is a terminal. That is, 110a and 110d communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 110d can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, relative to 110a, 110d is also a base station. Therefore, both base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a-110e in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with base station functions, and 120a-120d in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

[0099] Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0100] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the base station can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the base station, or by a control subsystem that includes base station functions. This control subsystem, including base station functions, can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

[0101] In the embodiments of this application, the base station sends downlink information to the terminal, which is carried on the downlink channel and can also be called a downlink signal; the terminal sends uplink information to the base station, which is carried on the uplink channel and can also be called an uplink signal.

[0102] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the technologies involved in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0103] 1. NTN.

[0104] A network that uses non-terrestrial network equipment for communication can be called an NTN. NTN can include over-the-air network equipment such as satellites, HAPS, or UAS, and has advantages such as wide coverage, long communication distance, high reliability, high flexibility, and high throughput. It is also unaffected by geographical environment, climate conditions, and natural disasters, and has been widely used in various fields. For example, NTN can provide communication services to areas that are difficult for terrestrial networks to cover (such as oceans, forests, deserts, or remote areas); on the other hand, NTN can enhance the reliability of mobile communications, such as providing more stable communication services for users in high-speed moving scenarios like trains and airplanes; in addition, NTN can provide more data transmission resources and support the connection of a larger number of terminal devices. The following explanation uses an NTN that includes satellites as an example.

[0105] Generally speaking, the higher a satellite's orbit, the larger its coverage area, but the longer the communication latency. Based on orbital altitude, satellites can be divided into geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites.

[0106] GEO satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately 35,000 km. GEO satellites are relatively stationary relative to the ground and can provide a large coverage area. However, the excessive distance between GEO satellites and the ground necessitates large-diameter antennas for communication. This large distance also results in significant transmission delays, making it impossible to meet the demands of real-time services. Furthermore, the scarcity of geostationary orbit resources, high launch costs, and the inability to cover the polar regions are all factors that constrain the development of GEO satellites.

[0107] MEO satellites orbit at altitudes ranging from approximately 2,000 km to 35,000 km. Their orbital altitude is lower than that of GEO satellites but higher than that of LEO satellites, allowing for global coverage with a relatively small number of MEO satellites. Currently, MEO satellites are primarily used for positioning and navigation.

[0108] LEO satellites orbit at altitudes ranging from approximately 300 km to 2000 km. Their relatively low orbital altitude results in lower transmission latency and launch costs compared to GEO and MEO satellites. Consequently, communication systems based on LEO satellites have experienced significant development in recent years.

[0109] Based on their operating modes, satellites can generally be divided into two main categories: transparent mode and regenerative mode.

[0110] The main difference between pass-through mode and regenerative mode lies in the signal processing method. Satellites operating in pass-through mode perform radio frequency (RF) processing on the uplink signal before downlink transmission, but do not perform baseband demodulation or decoding. For example, a satellite operating in pass-through mode can change the carrier frequency of the uplink signal and perform filtering and amplification. For satellites operating in regenerative mode, in addition to RF processing, they can also perform demodulation, decoding, re-encoding, and remodulation on the uplink signal before downlink transmission, essentially integrating some or all of the base station's functions onto the satellite. Furthermore, satellites operating in regenerative mode typically have an inter-satellite link (ISL), which can operate in the radio frequency (RF) band or the optical band, while satellites operating in pass-through mode do not need an ISL.

[0111] 2. NTN transmission link.

[0112] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an NTN transmission link provided by an embodiment of this application. In NTN, based on the communication object, the link between the terminal and the satellite can be called a service link, and the link between the satellite and the gateway can be called a feeder link. Furthermore, based on the data flow direction, the link from gateway to satellite to terminal can be called a forward link (i.e., downlink), and the link from terminal to satellite to gateway can be called a reverse link (i.e., uplink). Therefore, the transmission delay of NTN includes the transmission delay on the service link and the transmission delay on the feeder link.

[0113] As shown in Figure 3, in NTN, the distance between the terminal and the satellite is relatively large, resulting in significant path loss in the service link. To ensure correct data demodulation, the terminal often needs to perform numerous retransmissions. However, the increased number of retransmissions leads to reduced spectral efficiency, which in turn reduces system capacity. Generally, NTN cells have a large area and a large number of terminals within them. If a large number of retransmissions are used, only a small number of terminals within a cell can access the network.

[0114] 3. Scrambling and descrambling.

[0115] One method to improve system capacity is multi-user multiplexing, where multiple users transmit their data on the same time-frequency resources. Each user's signal is scrambled with a specific scrambling sequence to allow the receiver to distinguish between different users' signals. Optionally, the modulation symbols can be OCC scrambled to differentiate between different users.

[0116] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for OCC scrambling of a modulation symbol sequence provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0117] As shown in Figure 4, the transmitting end performs a scrambling operation on the modulation symbol sequence and the OCC scrambling sequence to obtain a first scrambling signal sequence. The first scrambling signal sequence includes one or more complex symbols that have undergone OCC scrambling. The scrambling operation in Figure 4 can be an addition operation, a multiplication operation, or other operations. The specific method of the scrambling operation is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0118] Compared to the modulation symbol sequence, the time and / or frequency characteristics of the signal are altered by the first scrambling signal sequence. When different transmitters use different OCC scrambling sequences, the receiver can more easily distinguish signals from different transmitters.

[0119] Optionally, the sender may use any of the scrambling sequences in Tables 1 to 3.

[0120] Table 1

[0121] Table 2

[0122] Table 3

[0123] In Tables 1 to 3, n represents the identifier of the OCC scrambling sequence, and w n The OCC scrambling sequence is represented by , and j in Table 3 represents the imaginary unit. The OCC sequences in Table 1 can be called Walsh sequences, while the OCC sequences in Tables 2 and 3 can be called Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequences.

[0124] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for OCC scrambling using Walsh sequences provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0125] For example, terminal 1 scrambles modulation symbol x1 using the scrambling sequence [+1,+1,+1,+1] to generate a first scrambled signal sequence [x1,x1,x1,x1]; terminal 2 scrambles modulation symbol x2 using the scrambling sequence [+1,-1,+1,-1] to generate a first scrambled signal sequence [x2,-x2,x2,-x2]; terminal 3 scrambles modulation symbol x3 using the scrambling sequence [+1,+1,-1,-1] to generate a first scrambled signal sequence [x3,x3,-x3,-x3]; and terminal 4 scrambles modulation symbol x4 using the scrambling sequence [+1,-1,-1,+1] to generate a first scrambled signal sequence [x4,-x4,-x4,x4]. These four first scrambled signal sequences reuse the same time-frequency resources; therefore, the signal sequence received by the base station is the superposition of the first scrambled signal sequences from the four terminals.

[0126] The base station can use the scrambling sequence corresponding to each terminal for descrambling. The following explanation uses the base station acquiring the signal from terminal 2 as an example.

[0127] Alternatively, the base station can perform OCC descrambling as shown in Figure 6.

[0128] If the base station determines that the scrambling sequence used by terminal 2 is [+1,-1,+1,-1], then the following descrambling process can be performed:

[0129] Dividing [x1+x2+x3+x4] by +1 yields the modulation symbol sequence [x1+x2+x3+x4]; dividing [x1-x2+x3-x4] by -1 yields the modulation symbol sequence [-x1+x2-x3+x4]; dividing [x1+x2-x3-x4] by +1 yields the modulation symbol sequence [x1+x2-x3-x4]; dividing [x1-x2-x3+x4] by -1 yields the modulation symbol sequence [-x1+x2+x3-x4]. Then, adding these four modulation symbol sequences together yields 4x2, which is four modulation symbols x2, thus obtaining the signal for terminal 2.

[0130] The main purpose of OCC scrambling is to distinguish signals from different users. To combat errors that may occur during signal transmission, the terminal can also scramble the first scrambled signal sequence again.

[0131] As shown in Figure 7, the transmitting end can perform scrambling operations on the first scrambling signal sequence and the error-resistant scrambling sequence to obtain a second scrambling signal sequence. The second scrambling signal sequence includes one or more complex symbols that have undergone error-resistant scrambling. The scrambling operation in Figure 7 can be a multiplication operation or other operations. The specific method of the scrambling operation is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0132] Similar to OCC descrambling, the receiver can perform error-resistant descrambling on the received signal based on the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by the transmitter. For example, when the scrambling operation in Figure 7 is a multiplication operation, the receiver divides the received signal by the error-resistant scrambling sequence to recover the second scrambling signal sequence.

[0133] As shown above, based on OCC scrambling and descrambling, the receiving end (e.g., the base station) can distinguish signals from different transmitting ends (e.g., the terminal). This allows multiple transmitting ends to transmit on the same time-frequency resources, thus achieving multi-user multiplexing. Based on error-resistant scrambling and error-resistant descrambling, the reliability of the transmitting end's (e.g., the terminal's) signal is improved.

[0134] 4. Multi-user reuse in IoT.

[0135] In IoT uplink transmission, codewords transmitted via the narrowband physical uplink shared channel (NPUSCH) are called NPUSCH codewords. Each NPUSCH codeword can be mapped to one or more resource units. For specific mapping methods, refer to clause 16.5.1.2 of 3GPP technical specification document TS 36.213. Each NPUSCH codeword needs to be transmitted... Second-rate, It is a positive integer.

[0136] In the above In this transmission, the terminal maps at least one complex symbol of the NPUSCH codeword (i.e., the modulation symbol scrambled by OCC) to N. slots After one time slot, the N slots Each time slot should be repeated. Then the terminal continues mapping the remaining complex symbols of the NPUSCH codeword. The terminal needs to... (The sentence is incomplete and requires more context to translate accurately.) After the mapping, an error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized. Optionally, the specific content of the error-resistant scrambling sequence can be found in clause 5.3.1 of the 3GPP technical specification document TS 36.211.

[0137] Below are some examples of resource mapping for IoT.

[0138] Example 1, N slots =2.

[0139] This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword repeats 4 times. This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword corresponding to the initialization of the error-resistant scrambling sequence is repeated 2 times, N. slots =2 indicates that the time-domain repetition unit of the complex symbols in the NPUSCH codeword is 2 time slots.

[0140] Taking an NPUSCH codeword that requires mapping 8 time slots as an example, according to the above parameters, the time-domain mapping result of this NPUSCH codeword is as follows:

[0141] 12123434565678781212343456567878;

[0142] Each number represents one or more complex symbols mapped onto each time slot, and bolded numbers correspond to different error-resistant scrambling sequences compared to unbolded numbers.

[0143] In Example 1, because The complex symbols 1 and 2 of the NPUSCH codeword are mapped to two time slots after the symbol repetition mapping begins, and these two time slots are repeated 1 (i.e., After mapping the complex symbols 3 and 4 of the NPUSCH codeword to two time slots, these two time slots are repeated once to obtain the sequence 3434; and so on, until the complex symbols 7 and 8 of the NPUSCH codeword are mapped, the NPUSCH codeword completes two mappings, resulting in the sequence 1212343456567878. The NPUSCH codeword needs to be mapped twice more to obtain the sequence 1212343456567878.

[0144] The communication protocol specifies that in the NPUSCH codeword After the first transmission, the error-resistant scrambling sequence needs to be initialized. After mapping the NPUSCH codewords to obtain the sequence 1212343456567878, it will be transmitted twice. Therefore, the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by sequence 1212343456567878 needs to be initialized. The error-resistant scrambling sequence is related to the time-domain position of the complex symbol mapping; initialization ensures that the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by sequence 1212343456567878 is different from that used by sequence 1212343456567878.

[0145] Example 2, N slots =1.

[0146] This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword repeats 4 times. This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword corresponding to the initialization of the error-resistant scrambling sequence is repeated 2 times, N. slots =1 indicates that the time-domain repetition unit of the complex symbols in the NPUSCH codeword is 1 time slot.

[0147] Taking an NPUSCH codeword that requires mapping 8 time slots as an example, according to the above parameters, the time-domain mapping result of this NPUSCH codeword is as follows:

[0148] 11223344556677881122334455667788;

[0149] Each number represents one or more complex symbols mapped onto each time slot, and bolded numbers correspond to different error-resistant scrambling sequences compared to unbolded numbers.

[0150] In Example 2, due to N slots =1, After the complex symbol 1 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped to a time slot, that time slot is repeated 1 (i.e., This process is repeated 11 times to obtain sequence 11; similarly, after the complex symbol 2 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped to a time slot, that time slot is repeated once to obtain sequence 22; and so on, until the complex symbol 8 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped, then the NPUSCH codeword completes one mapping, resulting in sequence 1122334455667788. The NPUSCH codeword needs to be mapped twice more to obtain the sequence 1122334455667788.

[0151] The communication protocol specifies that in the NPUSCH codeword After the first transmission, the error-resistant scrambling sequence needs to be initialized. After mapping the NPUSCH codewords to obtain the sequence 1122334455667788, it will be transmitted twice. Therefore, the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by sequence 1122334455667788 needs to be initialized. The error-resistant scrambling sequence is related to the time-domain position of the complex symbol mapping; initialization ensures that the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by sequence 1122334455667788 is different from that used by sequence 1122334455667788.

[0152] Example 3, N slots =1.

[0153] This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword is transmitted twice. This indicates that the NPUSCH codeword corresponding to the error-resistant scrambling sequence initialization is repeated 1 time, N. slots =1 indicates that the time-domain repetition unit of the complex symbols in the NPUSCH codeword is 1 time slot.

[0154] Taking an NPUSCH codeword that requires mapping 8 time slots as an example, according to the above parameters, the time-domain mapping result of this NPUSCH codeword is as follows:

[0155] 1234567812345678;

[0156] Each number represents one or more complex symbols mapped onto each time slot, and bolded numbers correspond to different error-resistant scrambling sequences compared to unbolded numbers.

[0157] In Example 3, due to N slots =1, After the complex symbol 1 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped to a time slot, that time slot is repeated 0 (i.e., The sequence is repeated 0 times to obtain sequence 1; similarly, after the complex symbol 2 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped to a time slot, the time slot is repeated 0 times to obtain sequence 2; and so on, until the complex symbol 8 of the NPUSCH codeword is mapped, then the NPUSCH codeword completes one mapping, resulting in sequence 12345678. The NPUSCH codeword needs to be mapped again to obtain the second symbol sequence 12345678.

[0158] The communication protocol specifies that in the NPUSCH codeword After the first transmission, the error-resistant scrambling sequence needs to be initialized. After mapping the NPUSCH codewords to obtain sequence 12345678, it will be transmitted once. Therefore, the error-resistant scrambling sequence used by sequence 12345678 needs to be initialized. The error-resistant scrambling sequence is related to the time-domain position of the complex symbol mapping; initialization ensures that sequence 12345678 uses a different error-resistant scrambling sequence than the sequence used by sequence 12345678.

[0159] In IoT, terminals can use single-carrier or multi-carrier to send NPUSCH codewords. That is, the terminal can schedule one or more carriers each time it sends an NPUSCH codeword.

[0160] For a carrier with a subcarrier spacing of 3.75 kHz, the terminal can only perform single-carrier scheduling. In this case, symbol-level multi-user multiplexing can be used, that is, different terminals can transmit their respective NPUSCH codewords on one or more of the same orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0161] For a carrier with a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, the terminal can perform single-carrier scheduling or multi-carrier scheduling. In this case, slot-level multi-user multiplexing can be used, that is, different terminals can transmit their respective NPUSCH codewords on one or more of the same slots.

[0162] Multi-user multiplexing requires that the signals from multiple terminals sharing the same time-frequency resource must possess orthogonality. Multiple OCC-scrambled signals obtained by scrambling one modulation symbol of an NPUSCH codeword through OCC scrambling can satisfy the orthogonality requirement. Then, based on... and N slots The mapping requirement necessitates mapping multiple OCC scrambling signals to different time-domain locations and performing scrambling operations with error-resistant scrambling values ​​to enhance the error robustness of the OCC scrambling signals. Since the error-resistant scrambling value is related to the time-domain location of the mapped OCC scrambling signal and is applied in the first codeword... After initialization following the time-domain mapping, if multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to non-adjacent time-domain locations, these OCC scrambling signals will be scrambled with different error-resistant scrambling values, resulting in phase discontinuities in the error-resistant scrambling signals and disrupting the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals.

[0163] The following sections explain the multi-user reuse scenario of the resource mapping examples above.

[0164] For Example 1, the error-resistant scrambling sequence used for sequence 1212343456567878 can be abcd, where each complex symbol in subsequence 1212 is scrambled with 'a', each complex symbol in subsequence 3434 is scrambled with 'b', each complex symbol in subsequence 5656 is scrambled with 'c', and each complex symbol in subsequence 7878 is scrambled with 'd'. The error-resistant scrambling sequence used for sequence 1212343456567878 can also be abcd, where abcd and abcd are two different error-resistant scrambling sequences, where each complex symbol in subsequence 1212 is scrambled with 'a', each complex symbol in subsequence 3434 is scrambled with 'b', each complex symbol in subsequence 5656 is scrambled with 'c', and each complex symbol in subsequence 7878 is scrambled with 'd'.

[0165] In Example 1, the length of the OCC scrambling sequence used for sequences 1212343456567878 and 1212343456567878 can be 2 or 4.

[0166] If two terminals are performing time-slot level multi-user multiplexing, the OCC scrambling sequence length can be equal to 2. Subsequence 1212 corresponds to one OCC scrambling sequence, and subsequence 1212 corresponds to another OCC scrambling sequence. Taking subsequence 1212 as an example, this subsequence is the result of scrambling modulation symbols 1 and 2 with an OCC scrambling sequence of length 2 respectively. Therefore, subsequence 1212 is orthogonal. Each complex symbol in subsequence 1212 is scrambled with the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, subsequence 1212 after error-resistant scrambling still has orthogonality. Similarly, other subsequences (e.g., 3434, 5656, 7878, 1212, 3434, 5656, 7878) also have orthogonality. Therefore, Example 1 satisfies the requirement for two terminals to perform time-slot level multi-user multiplexing.

[0167] If four terminals perform time-slot level multi-user multiplexing, the OCC scrambling sequence length can be equal to 4. Subsequence 1212 corresponds to the same OCC scrambling sequence; that is, subsequence 1212 and subsequence 1212 are the results obtained by scrambling modulation symbols 1 and 2 with an OCC scrambling sequence of length 4, respectively. Therefore, the combined sequence 12121212 of subsequence 1212 is orthogonal. Each complex symbol in subsequence 1212 is scrambled with the error-resistant scrambling value a. Since the error-resistant scrambling values ​​corresponding to these two subsequences are different, the phase continuity of the combined sequence 12121212 is disrupted after error-resistant scrambling, causing the combined sequence to no longer possess orthogonality. Similarly, other combined sequences (e.g., 34343434, 56565656, 78787878) are not orthogonal. Therefore, Example 1 does not meet the requirement of slot-level multi-user multiplexing for four terminals.

[0168] Example 2 is similar to Example 1, satisfying the requirement for two terminals to perform time slot-level multi-user multiplexing, but not the requirement for four terminals to perform time slot-level multi-user multiplexing.

[0169] For Example 3, the error-resistant scrambling sequence used for sequence 12345678 can be ab, where each complex symbol in subsequence 1234 is scrambled with a, and each complex symbol in subsequence 5678 is scrambled with b; the error-resistant scrambling sequence used for sequence 12345678 can be ab, where ab and ab are two different error-resistant scrambling sequences, where each complex symbol in subsequence 1234 is scrambled with a, and each complex symbol in subsequence 5678 is scrambled with b.

[0170] In Example 3, the OCC scrambling sequence used for sequences 12345678 and 12345678 has a length of 2.

[0171] If two terminals perform time-slot level multi-user multiplexing, subsequence 1 and subsequence 2 correspond to the same OCC scrambling sequence. That is, subsequence 1 and subsequence 2 are the results of scrambling modulation symbol 1 with an OCC scrambling sequence of length 2. Therefore, the combined sequence 11 of subsequence 1 and subsequence 2 is orthogonal. Each complex symbol in subsequence 1 is scrambled with an error-resistant scrambling value a. Since the error-resistant scrambling values ​​corresponding to these two subsequences are different, the phase continuity of the combined sequence 11 is destroyed after error-resistant scrambling, causing the combined sequence to no longer possess orthogonality. Similarly, other combined sequences (e.g., 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88) also lack orthogonality. Therefore, Example 3 does not meet the requirements for time-slot level multi-user multiplexing between two terminals.

[0172] If two terminals perform symbol-level multi-user multiplexing, then subsequence 1 can be represented as 1(0)1(1)1(2)1(3)1(4)1(5)1(6), and subsequence 1 can be represented as 1(0)1(1)1(2)1(3)1(4)1(5)1(6), where the numbers in parentheses represent the indices of OFDM symbols, such as 1(0) representing one or more complex symbols mapped on OFDM symbol 0, and 1(0) representing one or more complex symbols mapped on OFDM symbol 0. Subsequence 1(0) and subsequence 1(0) correspond to the same OCC scrambling sequence, that is, subsequence 1(0) and subsequence 1(0) are the results obtained after scrambling modulation symbol 1(0) with an OCC scrambling sequence of length 2. Therefore, the combined sequence 1(0)1(0) of subsequence 1(0) is orthogonal. Each complex symbol in subsequence 1(0) is scrambled with the error-resistant scrambling value a. Since the error-resistant scrambling values ​​corresponding to these two subsequences are different, the phase continuity of the combined sequence 1(0)1(0) is destroyed after error-resistant scrambling, resulting in the combined sequence no longer possessing orthogonality. Similarly, other combined sequences (such as 1(1)1(1), 1(2)1(2), 1(3)1(3), 1(4)1(4), 1(5)1(5), 1(6)1(6, and the subsequences mapped on the remaining symbols) also lack orthogonality. Therefore, Example 3 does not meet the requirement of symbol-level multi-user multiplexing between two terminals.

[0173] The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below.

[0174] As shown in Figure 8, method 800 is executed by a sending end and a receiving end. The sending end can be a terminal or a base station, and the receiving end can also be a terminal or a base station. The terminal can be an IoT terminal (e.g., a tag) or a non-AIoT terminal (e.g., a mobile phone). The base station can be an NTN base station (e.g., a satellite) or a base station in a terrestrial network. This application embodiment does not limit the specific types of the sending end and the receiving end. The following description uses a terminal as the sending end and a base station as the receiving end as an example to illustrate method 800.

[0175] S810, the terminal determines the first codeword.

[0176] For example, the first codeword is the NPUSCH codeword mentioned above, or it can be a codeword from other communication systems. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific content of the first codeword or the specific method of determining the first codeword.

[0177] To improve transmission reliability, the first codeword, after undergoing OCC scrambling and error-resistant scrambling, needs to be transmitted. Multiple-user multiplexing requires multiple OCC scrambling signals (i.e., multiple complex symbols carrying the same data scrambled by an OCC scrambling sequence) to be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value (i.e., a value in the error-resistant scrambling sequence) to avoid destroying the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals. The error-resistant scrambling value is time-domain dependent and will be determined in the first codeword. Initialization occurs after the time-domain mapping. Therefore, if multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to non-adjacent time-domain positions, these OCC scrambling signals will be scrambled with different error-resistant scrambling values, resulting in phase discontinuities in the error-resistant scrambling signals and disrupting the orthogonality of these OCC scrambling signals. Therefore, the terminal needs to determine a suitable time-domain mapping method for the first codeword to avoid disrupting the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals.

[0178] S820, the terminal determines based on the first codeword A set of first-time units A set of first time units is used to map the first codeword. A scrambling signal sequence, Each scrambled signal sequence carries a first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, and each of the K second time unit sets includes... A third time unit set, The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same. The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the OCC scrambling sequence. greater than or equal to K is a positive integer.

[0179] In the first time unit set, each time unit can be a time slot or a time period of other lengths. Taking the example that a scrambling signal sequence of the first codeword needs to be mapped to 8 time slots, each first time unit set is a time slot set consisting of 8 time slots. When When the value equals 2, the first time unit set consists of 16 time slots, meaning 16 time slots are needed to map the two scrambling signal sequences of the first codeword. When the value is 4, the first time unit set consists of 32 time slots, meaning that 32 time slots are needed to map the 4 scrambling signal sequences of the first codeword.

[0180] For M r N e P p USCH The mapping method of each scrambled signal sequence can be further specified to determine K second time unit sets are included in a first time unit set, wherein each second time unit set includes A set of three adjacent third time units, A set of adjacent third time units is used to map multiple identical scrambling signals.

[0181] In the various embodiments of this application, the same scrambling signal refers to multiple complex symbols that have been scrambled using an OCC scrambling sequence, scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value, and carrying the same data. That is, Each scrambled signal sequence is a complex symbol sequence that has undergone OCC scrambling and error-resistant scrambling.

[0182] Optionally, the same scrambling signal can be mapped in units of N time slots or N OFDM symbols. That is, a third time unit can include N time slots or N OFDM symbols, where N is a positive integer. The mapping method of scrambling signals will be described in detail below.

[0183] The length of the OCC scrambling sequence must be greater than or equal to ensure that multiple OCC scrambling signals will be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value.

[0184] For example, when two terminals reuse the same time-frequency resources, the length of the OCC scrambling sequence can be equal to 2. It needs to be greater than or equal to 2, that is, at least two sets of third time units are used to map multiple OCC scrambling signals, while the error-resistant scrambling sequence is in the second order of the OCC scrambling signal (i.e., The mapping is not initialized within the first (second) time unit. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals mapped on at least two third time unit sets will be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value, thus maintaining the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals.

[0185] For example, when four terminals reuse the same time-frequency resources, the length of the OCC scrambling sequence can be equal to 4. It needs to be greater than or equal to 4, that is, there must be at least 4 sets of third time units used to map multiple OCC scrambling signals, and the error-resistant scrambling sequence is in the 4th order of the OCC scrambling signal (i.e., The mapping is not initialized within the first (second) time unit. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals mapped on at least four third time unit sets will be scrambled using the same error-resistant scrambling value, thus maintaining the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals.

[0186] In various embodiments of this application, an OCC scrambling signal refers to multiple complex symbols that have been scrambled by an OCC scrambling sequence and carry the same data.

[0187] Therefore, The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position, which ensures that multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to adjacent time domain positions. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals will use the same error-resistant scrambling value for scrambling, so that the phase of the signal after error-resistant scrambling is continuous. If the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence, it ensures that the number of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is greater than or equal to the number of users in a multi-user multiplexing scenario. Therefore, this embodiment can maintain the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals and improve the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0188] Alternatively, it can be determined based on the OCC length. It can also be determined based on the number of subcarriers. It can also be based on Sure These situations will be described in detail below.

[0189] Case 1, determined based on OCC length

[0190] Case 1-1:

[0191] In case 1-1, regardless of the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword, and regardless of... and What is the value of in all scenarios? All are equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. This ensures that the error-resistant scrambling values ​​used for multiple OCC scrambling signals remain unchanged, while also reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing. Furthermore, compared to... By using a scheme with a length greater than that of the OCC scrambling sequence, this embodiment avoids using the same error-resistant scrambling value for too much data, thereby improving the error-resistant performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0192] Case 1-2: When one or more of the following conditions are met,

[0193] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1;

[0194] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, The value is less than the OCC length, where, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation;

[0195] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 2;

[0196] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 4, and the OCC length is greater than 2;

[0197] The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It is greater than 4, and the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0198] In cases 1-2, according to calculate First, determine if one or more of the above conditions are met. If the above conditions are not met, it indicates that based on the existing... The calculation formula is determined To meet the requirements of multi-user reuse, it can be based on existing... Calculation formula determined If the above conditions are met, it indicates that based on the existing... The formula obtained If the value is less than the OCC length, it needs to be determined according to... Sure Among them, the existing The calculation formula is:

[0199] In cases 1-2, when the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1, based on the existing... The formula obtained The value is 1. The value is less than the OCC length (at least equal to 2), which does not meet the requirements for multi-user multiplexing. When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, if... The value is less than the OCC length, or, Equal to 2, or, Greater than 2 and OCC length greater than 2, or, If the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is greater than 4, then based on Calculated The values ​​do not meet the requirements for multi-user multiplexing. Cases 1-2 improve upon these cases that do not meet the requirements for multi-user multiplexing, based on... calculate Enabling It is equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence used in the first codeword, thus satisfying the requirements of multi-user multiplexing.

[0200] Case 2, determined based on the number of subcarriers The value of .

[0201] In formula (1), Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform floor operations, * indicates multiplication, and OCC length indicates the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. This represents the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword, where, Indicates multi-carrier scheduling, This indicates single-carrier scheduling.

[0202] In scenario 2, for different carrier scheduling situations, under the existing... Multiplying each formula by the OCC length ensures that the result calculated based on formula (1) is accurate. The length is greater than or equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence, thus satisfying the requirements for multi-user multiplexing. Furthermore, Case 2 allows for unified use of multi-carrier scheduling. calculate It can improve signal decoding performance while reducing the complexity of multi-user multiplexing.

[0203] Optionally, for multi-carrier scheduling, it can also be based on Determine different Calculation method.

[0204] Scenario 3, based on Sure The value of .

[0205] In formula (2), Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform floor operations, * indicates multiplication, and OCC length indicates the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. This represents the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword, where, Indicates multi-carrier scheduling, Indicates single-carrier scheduling. Indicates the number of times the first character is repeated.

[0206] when In this case, situation 3 is the same as situation 2, and will not be repeated.

[0207] when At that time, based on the existing The calculation formula is determined The error-resistant scrambling sequence is equal to 1. Therefore, it is initialized after one mapping of multiple OCC scrambling signals. Regardless of how the mapping method of multiple OCC scrambling signals is adjusted, the error-resistant scrambling value used by the multiple OCC scrambling signals cannot remain unchanged, thus failing to meet the requirements of multi-user multiplexing. This is achieved through formula (2). Definite Equal to the OCC length, it enables the error-resistant scrambling sequence to be initialized after multiple mappings of multiple OCC scrambling signals, satisfying the requirements of multi-user multiplexing.

[0208] when At that time, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 2, so when the OCC length is equal to 2, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of two users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the length is 4 and the OCC length is 2 still uses calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0209] when At that time, according to the existing The calculation method will yield... The result is equal to 4, so when the OCC length is equal to 4, Equal to the OCC length, it can meet the needs of four users multiplexing the same time-frequency resources. Therefore, this embodiment is aimed at... The case where the value is greater than 4 and the OCC length is equal to 4 is still used. calculate It can improve the forward compatibility of communication methods.

[0210] when When OCC length > 2, based on the existing The calculation formula is determined The value equals 2. Therefore, the error-resistant scrambling sequence will be initialized after two mappings of multiple OCC scrambling signals, which does not meet the requirement of multi-user multiplexing when OCC length > 2. This is achieved through formula (2). Definite It is greater than the OCC length, satisfying the requirement of multi-user multiplexing when the OCC length is greater than 2.

[0211] when When OCC length > 4, based on the existing The calculation formula is determined The value equals 4. Therefore, the error-resistant scrambling sequence will be initialized after four mappings of multiple OCC scrambling signals, which does not meet the requirement of multi-user multiplexing when OCC length > 4. This is achieved through formula (2). Definite It is greater than the OCC length, satisfying the requirement of multi-user multiplexing when the OCC length is greater than 4.

[0212] The following describes several examples of multi-user multiplexing provided in the embodiments of this application, with reference to Figures 9 to 13.

[0213] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of symbol-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application. In the example shown in Figure 9, the OCC length = 2, and the terminal uses the OCC scrambling sequence [+1, -1] to scramble the modulation symbols using OCC. In Figure 9, unfilled squares represent signals scrambled with +1 (i.e., complex symbols), and filled squares represent signals scrambled with -1. Furthermore, each time slot includes 7 OFDM symbols, represented by the numbers 0123456. N slots =1.

[0214] If the mapping of the first codeword requires 16 time slots, then each set of first time units includes 16 time slots. The first time unit set includes 32 time slots, namely time slot 0 to time slot 31. If according to... calculate The error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after the first codeword is transmitted twice (or mapped). Therefore, these 32 time slots correspond to the same error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as ab, where time slots 0-15 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value a, and time slots 16-31 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value b. Since The first codeword has been repeated twice after being mapped to these 32 time slots, and will not be repeated further.

[0215] Due to N slots =1, the data of the first codeword is repeated in units of one OFDM symbol. Therefore, the signals mapped on two adjacent OFDM symbols carry the same data. Taking the signals mapped on OFDM symbols 1 and 2 in time slot 1 as an example, the signals mapped on these two OFDM symbols carry the same data, use the same OCC scrambling sequence ([+1,-1]), and use the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, the signals mapped on these two OFDM symbols are two identical scrambling signals. OFDM symbols 1 and 2 are two sets of third time units, and these two sets of third time units form a set of second time units.

[0216] For the sake of brevity, the above example still uses N. slots N is used to describe the time unit for data repetition, but in symbolic multi-user multiplexing scenarios, N... slots This should be understood as the number of OFDM symbols.

[0217] As shown in Figure 9, the number of identical scrambled signals mapped on each second time unit set is equal to the OCC length, which satisfies the requirements of multi-user multiplexing and maintains the orthogonality of the OCC scrambled signals, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0218] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another symbol-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application. In the example shown in Figure 10, the OCC length = 2, and the terminal uses the OCC scrambling sequence [+1, -1] to scramble the modulation symbols using OCC. In Figure 10, unfilled squares represent signals scrambled with +1 (i.e., complex symbols), and filled squares represent signals scrambled with -1. Furthermore, each time slot includes 7 OFDM symbols, represented by the numbers 0123456. N slots =2.

[0219] If the mapping of the first codeword requires 16 time slots, then each set of first time units includes 16 time slots. The first time unit set includes 32 time slots, namely time slot 0 to time slot 31. If according to... calculate The error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after the first codeword is transmitted twice (or mapped). Therefore, these 32 time slots correspond to the same error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as ab, where time slots 0-15 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value a, and time slots 16-31 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value b. Since The first codeword has been repeated twice after being mapped to these 32 time slots, and will not be repeated further.

[0220] Due to N slots =2, the data of the first codeword is repeated in units of 2 OFDM symbols. Therefore, the signals mapped on four adjacent OFDM symbols carry the same data. Taking the signals mapped by OFDM symbols 1, 2, 3 and 4 in time slot 1 as an example, the data carried by the signals mapped by OFDM symbols 1 and 2 is the same as the data carried by the signals mapped by OFDM symbols 3 and 4. In addition, these four OFDM symbols use the same OCC scrambling sequence ([+1,-1]) and the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, the signals mapped by these four OFDM symbols are two identical scrambling signals. OFDM symbols 1 and 2 form one third time unit set, and OFDM symbols 3 and 4 form another third time unit set. These two third time unit sets form a second time unit set.

[0221] As shown in Figure 10, the number of identical scrambled signals mapped on each second time unit set is equal to the OCC length, which satisfies the requirements of multi-user multiplexing and maintains the orthogonality of the OCC scrambled signals, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0222] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application. In the example shown in Figure 11, the OCC length = 2, and the terminal uses the OCC scrambling sequence [+1, -1] to scramble the modulation symbols. In Figure 11, unfilled squares represent the signal scrambled with +1 (i.e., complex symbols), and filled squares represent the signal scrambled with -1. Furthermore, N slots =1.

[0223] If the mapping of the first codeword requires 8 time slots, then each set of first time units includes 8 time slots. The first time unit set includes 16 time slots, namely time slot 0 to time slot 15. If according to... calculate The error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after the first codeword is transmitted twice (or mapped). Therefore, these 16 time slots correspond to the same error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as ab, where time slots 0-7 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value a, and time slots 8-15 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value b. Since The first codeword has been repeated twice after being mapped to these 16 time slots, and will not be repeated further.

[0224] Due to N slots =1, the data of the first codeword is repeated in units of 1 time slot. Therefore, the signals mapped on two adjacent time slots carry the same data. Taking the signals mapped on time slots 4 and 5 as an example, the signals mapped on these two time slots carry the same data, use the same OCC scrambling sequence ([+1,-1]), and use the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, the signals mapped on these two time slots are two identical scrambling signals. Time slots 4 and 5 are two sets of third time units, and these two sets of third time units form a set of second time units.

[0225] As shown in Figure 11, the number of identical scrambled signals mapped on each second time unit set is equal to the OCC length, which satisfies the requirements of multi-user multiplexing and maintains the orthogonality of the OCC scrambled signals, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0226] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another time-slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application. In the example shown in Figure 12, the OCC length = 2, and the terminal uses the OCC scrambling sequence [+1, -1] to scramble the modulation symbols using OCC. In Figure 12, unfilled squares represent the signal scrambled with +1 (i.e., complex symbols), and filled squares represent the signal scrambled with -1. Furthermore, N slots =2.

[0227] If the mapping of the first codeword requires 8 time slots, then each set of first time units includes 8 time slots. The first time unit set includes 32 time slots, namely time slot 0 to time slot 31. If according to... calculate The error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after the first codeword's two transmissions (or mappings). Therefore, time slots 0 to 15 correspond to one error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as ab, where time slots 0 to 7 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value a, and time slots 8 to 15 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value b; time slots 16 to 31 correspond to another error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as cd, where time slots 16 to 23 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value c, and time slots 24 to 31 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value d. Since The first codeword has been repeated four times after being mapped through these 32 time slots, and will not be repeated further.

[0228] Due to N slots =2, the data of the first codeword is repeated in units of 2 time slots. Therefore, the data carried by the signals mapped on two adjacent time slots is the same. Taking the signals mapped on time slots 4, 5, 6 and 7 as an example, the data mapped on the signals mapped on time slots 4 and 5 is the same as the data mapped on the signals mapped on time slots 6 and 7. In addition, these four time slots use the same OCC scrambling sequence ([+1,-1]) and the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, the signals mapped on these four time slots are two identical scrambling signals. Time slots 4 and 5 form one third time unit set, and time slots 6 and 7 form another third time unit set. These two third time unit sets form a second time unit set.

[0229] As shown in Figure 12, the number of identical scrambled signals mapped on each second time unit set is equal to the OCC length, which satisfies the requirements of multi-user multiplexing and maintains the orthogonality of the OCC scrambled signals, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0230] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another time-slot-level multi-user multiplexing provided in an embodiment of this application. In the example shown in Figure 13, the OCC length = 4, and the terminal uses the OCC scrambling sequence [+1, -1, +1, -1] to scramble the modulation symbols. In Figure 13, unfilled squares represent the signal scrambled with +1 (i.e., complex symbols), and filled squares represent the signal scrambled with -1. Furthermore, N slots =1.

[0231] If the mapping of the first codeword requires 8 time slots, then each set of first time units includes 8 time slots. The first time unit set includes 32 time slots, namely time slot 0 to time slot 31. If according to... calculate The error-resistant scrambling sequence is initialized after the first codeword has been transmitted (or mapped) four times. Therefore, time slots 0 to 31 correspond to one error-resistant scrambling sequence, such as abcd, where time slots 0 to 7 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value a, time slots 8 to 15 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value b, time slots 16 to 23 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value c, and time slots 24 to 31 correspond to error-resistant scrambling value d. Since The first codeword has been repeated four times after being mapped through these 32 time slots, and will not be repeated further.

[0232] Due to Nslots =1, the data of the first codeword is repeated in units of one time slot. Therefore, the signals mapped on four adjacent time slots carry the same data. Taking the signals mapped on time slots 4, 5, 6 and 7 as an example, the signals mapped on these four time slots carry the same data, use the same OCC scrambling sequence ([+1,-1,+1,-1]), and use the same error-resistant scrambling value (a). Therefore, the signals mapped on these four time slots are four identical scrambling signals. Time slots 4, 5, 6 and 7 are four sets of third time units. These four sets of third time units form a set of second time units.

[0233] As shown in Figure 13, the number of identical scrambled signals mapped on each second time unit set is equal to the OCC length, which satisfies the requirements of multi-user multiplexing and maintains the orthogonality of the OCC scrambled signals, thereby improving the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0234] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the examples in Figures 9 to 13 use... Calculate as an example Alternatively, calculation can also be performed based on formula (1) or formula (2) described above. Furthermore, the signals mapped on each time slot or OFDM symbol can be single-carrier signals (corresponding to...). In the case of a multi-carrier signal, it can also be a multi-carrier signal (corresponding to...). (The situation).

[0235] Sure After the first time unit set is completed, the terminal can process the first codeword. Resource mapping is performed using a scrambled signal sequence. Optionally, before resource mapping, The scrambled signal sequence may also undergo other processing such as layer mapping and precoding. This application embodiment does not limit the other processing performed on the scrambled signal. Subsequently, the terminal can perform the following steps.

[0236] S830, the terminal sends to the base station A scrambled signal sequence.

[0237] After the scrambled signal sequence completes resource mapping, it is transmitted to the base station by the antenna. The base station can perform the following steps.

[0238] S840, in The first codeword is received within the first time unit set. A scrambled signal sequence.

[0239] S850, based on the OCC scrambling sequence and The first codeword is determined by a scrambling signal sequence.

[0240] The scrambling signal sequence is a signal sequence that has undergone error-resistant scrambling and OCC scrambling. The base station can determine the corresponding descrambling operation based on the scrambling operation used by the terminal. For example, when the error-resistant scrambling operation is a multiplication operation, the base station can... The OCC scrambling signal is obtained by dividing the scrambling signal sequence and the error-resistant scrambling sequence. If the OCC scrambling sequence used by the terminal is [+1,-1,+1,-1], the base station can perform descrambling operation on the OCC scrambling signal according to the method shown in Figure 6, thereby determining the first codeword.

[0241] In summary, among method 800, The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position, which ensures that multiple OCC scrambling signals are mapped to adjacent time domain positions. In this way, multiple OCC scrambling signals will use the same error-resistant scrambling value for scrambling, so that the phase of the signal after error-resistant scrambling is continuous. If the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to the length of the OCC scrambling sequence, it ensures that the number of the multiple OCC scrambling signals is greater than or equal to the number of users in a multi-user multiplexing scenario. Therefore, this embodiment can maintain the orthogonality of the OCC scrambling signals and improve the signal decoding performance in multi-user multiplexing scenarios.

[0242] The foregoing has detailed the method examples provided by the embodiments of this application. It is understood that the corresponding apparatus, in order to achieve the above functions, includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0243] Figures 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of two communication devices provided in the embodiments of this application. These devices can be used to implement the functions of the terminal or base station in the above method embodiments, and therefore also possess the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, these devices can be the terminal shown in Figure 1, the base station described in Figure 1, or modules (e.g., chips) applied to the terminal or base station.

[0244] As shown in Figure 14, the device 1400 includes a processing unit 1410 and a transceiver unit 1420. Under the control of the processing unit 1410, the transceiver unit 1420 performs receiving and / or sending steps. When performing the sending step, the transceiver unit 1420 acts as a sending unit, and when performing the receiving step, it acts as a receiving unit. The device 1400 is used to implement the functions of a terminal or base station in the method embodiment described in Figure 7 above.

[0245] When device 1400 is used to implement the functions of the terminal in the embodiment of the method described in FIG8, processing unit 1410 is used to: determine a first codeword; determine based on the first codeword. A set of first-time units A set of first time units is used to map the first codeword. A scrambling signal sequence, Each scrambled signal sequence carries a first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, and each of the K second time unit sets includes... A third time unit set, The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same. The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the OCC scrambling sequence. greater than or equal to K is a positive integer.

[0246] When the device 1400 is used to implement the function of the base station in the embodiment of the method described in FIG8, the processing unit 1410 is used to execute via the transceiver unit 1420: The first codeword is received within the first time unit set. A scrambling signal sequence, Each scrambled signal sequence carries a first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, and each of the K second time unit sets includes... A third time unit set, The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same. The third time unit is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the OCC scrambling sequence. greater than or equal to The processing unit 1410 is also used to determine the positive integer K based on the OCC scrambling sequence and The first codeword is determined by a scrambling signal sequence.

[0247] Device 1400 can be a terminal or a base station. Processing unit 1410 can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, processing unit 1410 can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented in software, processing unit 1410 can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in a storage unit. This storage unit can be integrated into processing unit 1410 or located outside of processing unit 1410 and exist independently.

[0248] As shown in Figure 15, device 1500 includes a processor 1510 and an interface circuit 1520. The processor 1510 and the interface circuit 1520 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 1520 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, device 1500 may further include a memory 1530 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1510, or storing input data required by the processor 1510 to execute instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 1510 executes instructions.

[0249] When the device 1500 is used to implement the method shown in FIG7, the processor 1510 is used to implement the function of the processing unit 1410, and the interface circuit 1520 is used to implement the function of the transceiver unit 1420.

[0250] When device 1500 is a terminal chip (i.e., a chip applied to a terminal), the terminal chip implements the functions of the terminal in the above method embodiments. The terminal chip receives information from the base station, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules in the terminal (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the terminal chip by these modules. The terminal chip sends information to the base station, which can be understood as the information being first sent to other modules in the terminal (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the base station by these modules.

[0251] When device 1500 is a base station chip (i.e., a chip applied to a base station), the base station chip implements the functions of a base station in the above method embodiments. The base station chip receives information from the terminal, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules in the base station (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the base station chip by these modules. The base station chip sends information to the terminal, which can be understood as the information being sent down to other modules in the base station (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the terminal by these modules.

[0252] In this application, entity A sends information to entity B, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Similarly, entity B receives information from entity A, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Entities A and B can be RAN nodes or modules within a RAN node. Information transmission and reception can be between RAN nodes, such as between a base station and a terminal; it can also be between different modules within a device, such as between a terminal chip and other modules of the terminal, or between a base station chip and other modules of the base station.

[0253] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a CPU, or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0254] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or in software instructions executable by a processor. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. The storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Alternatively, the ASIC can reside in a base station or terminal. The processor and storage medium can also exist as discrete components in the base station or terminal.

[0255] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program or instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center integrating one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video optical disc; or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive. The computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or non-volatile storage medium, or may include both types of storage media.

[0256] Finally, the following points should be noted regarding the embodiments of this application:

[0257] First, in the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, "first information" and "second information" represent two pieces of information, which may be two different pieces of information or the same piece of information.

[0258] Second, in the embodiments of this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, as well as explicit and implicit instructions. The information indicated by a certain piece of information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to instruct the information to be instructed. For example, the information to be instructed can be directly instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. The information to be instructed can also be indirectly indicated by instructing other information, where there is a correlation between the other information and the information to be instructed. Alternatively, only a part of the information to be instructed can be indicated, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the indication of the information to be instructed can be achieved by pre-agreed upon (e.g., by a protocol specifying the existence of a certain information element), thereby reducing the instruction overhead to some extent.

[0259] Third, the “protocol” involved in the embodiments of this application may refer to standard protocols in the field of communication, such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols in future communication systems. This application does not limit this.

[0260] Fourth, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other information-indicating mechanisms in the device (e.g., a terminal or base station). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. "Storing" can refer to storing in one or more memories, which can be separate installations or integrated into the processor or communication device; alternatively, some memories can be separate installations, while others are integrated into the processor or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this application does not limit this.

[0261] Fifth, "at least one" means one or more, while "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, or A and B exist simultaneously. Here, A and B can be a single object or multiple objects. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a, b, and c. Here, a, b, and c can each be a single object or multiple objects.

[0262] Sixth, in the embodiments of this application, descriptions such as "when," "in the case of," "if," and "if" all refer to the fact that the device (e.g., a terminal or a base station) will make corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances. They are not time limits, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0263] Seventh, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

Claims

A communication method, characterized in that, include: Identify the first character; Based on the first codeword, determine A set of first-time units, the A set of first time units is used to map the first codeword. A scrambling signal sequence, the Each of the scrambling signal sequences carries the first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, each of the K second time unit sets including A third time unit set, the The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same, the The third time unit set is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the orthogonal covering code (OCC). greater than or equal to K is a positive integer. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Satisfy the following formula: Wherein, OCClength represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, The value is less than OCClength, where, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform a rounding operation; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 2; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 4, and OCClength is greater than 2; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It is greater than 4, and OCClength is greater than 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform an integer operation, * indicates a multiplication operation, and OCClength represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The value is less than OCClength; or, It equals 2; or, It equals 4, and OCClength is greater than 2; or, It is greater than 4, and OCClength is greater than 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4 and equal to 2, or when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than 4 and the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The In any set of third time units, the third time unit set includes: N time slots or N time domain symbols, where N is a positive integer. A communication method, characterized in that, include: exist The first codeword is received within the first time unit set. A scrambling signal sequence, the Each of the scrambling signal sequences carries the first codeword. The first time unit set includes K second time unit sets, each of the K second time unit sets including A third time unit set, the The scrambling signals mapped by the third time unit set are the same, the The third time unit set is located in an adjacent time domain position. It is a positive integer greater than 1, and, The length of the scrambling sequence is greater than or equal to that of the orthogonal covering code (OCC). greater than or equal to A positive integer, K is a positive integer; According to the OCC scrambling sequence and the The first codeword is determined by a scrambling signal sequence. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Satisfy the following formula: Wherein, OCClength represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is equal to 1; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, The value is less than OCClength, where, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform a rounding operation; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 2; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It equals 4, and OCClength is greater than 2; or, The number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and, It is greater than 4, and OCClength is greater than 4. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform an integer operation, * indicates a multiplication operation, and OCClength represents the length of the OCC scrambling sequence. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The value is less than OCClength; or, It equals 2; or, It equals 4, and OCClength is greater than 2; or, It is greater than 4, and OCClength is greater than 4. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the number of subcarriers mapped by the first codeword is greater than 1, and when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4 and equal to 2, or when When the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is greater than 4 and the length of the OCC scrambling sequence is equal to 4, Satisfy the following formula: in, Indicates taking The minimum value among 4, Indicates to Perform the floor operation. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that, The In any set of third time units, the third time unit set includes: N time slots or N time domain symbols, where N is a positive integer. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor for implementing, via logic circuitry or by executing code instructions, the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, or the method of any one of claims 8 to 14; An interface circuit is used to receive signals from other devices and transmit them to the processor, or to send signals from the processor to other devices. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or implement the method as described in any one of claims 8 to 14. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or implement the method as described in any one of claims 8 to 14.

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