Use of waste as industrial and medical materials

Abstract

The present invention pertains to biodegradable materials and their applications in the medical and industrial sectors, particularly for disposable devices made from bioplastics. These devices are designed for use in medical diagnostics, surgical procedures such as Post-operative catheters, drains, catheters, disposable gloves, caps, overshoes, surgical table covers, disposable pipette tips, injection materials, and industrial operations such as condoms, vaginal speculums, specimen containers, measuring cups, urinals, and medical bands and as industrial purpose with garbage bags, disposable straws, refrigerator bags, stretch film, food preservation bags, clothing bags, shopping bags, hamburger sandwich bags, vegetable preservative bags, providing a biodegradable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based plastics. Furthermore, the invention offers methods for the environmentally responsible disposal of these devices via sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. These bioplastics are formulated with plasticizers and additives to improve mechanical strength, flexibility, and thermal stability. The invention addresses both the production of high-performance bioplastic devices, such as syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and packaging materials, and methods for environmentally responsible disposal through sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. The bioplastics used in this invention degrade within 12 months under composting conditions.

Description

[0001] USE OF WASTE AS INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL MATERIALS

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of environmentally sustainable materials, specifically biologically-based plastics (bioplastics). This present invention also involves a novel method of producing bioplastics from biomatter by combining it with plasticizers and polymers, followed by a thermoforming process such as hot-pressing or injection molding. The biomatter composition can include at least one of Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi (sugar kelp), sweat, or powdered wood from Douglas fir, in varying amounts from 50% to 99.99%. The bioplastics exhibit excellent tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, and biodegradability, with enhanced material properties achieved by carefully controlling the process parameters of temperature, time, and applied force during the thermoforming process. The invention provides a method for producing high-performance biodegradable devices made from bioplastics. The devices produced, such as syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and packaging materials, stretch, stretch packaging, bag, overshoe, catheter, catheter, bag, exhibit superior mechanical properties and are suitable for various medical, industrial, and consumer applications. The bioplastics biodegrade completely within 12 months under composting conditions. The invention encompasses both devices and disposal methods designed to reduce environmental impact. These bioplastics are designed to offer enhanced mechanical properties, cost-effective production processes, and a reduced environmental footprint, making them suitable for various industrial and consumer applications. The present invention relates to disposable devices for industrial, medical and healthcare applications. Specifically, it addresses devices fabricated from biodegradable and compostable bioplastic resins, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional materials such as plastic and glass. The present invention pertains to biodegradable materials and their applications in the medical and industrial sectors, particularly for disposable devices made from bioplastics. These devices are designed for use in medical diagnostics, surgical procedures such as Postoperative catheters, drains, catheters, disposable gloves, caps, overshoes, surgical table covers, disposable pipette tips, injection materials, and industrial operations such as condoms, vaginal speculums, specimen containers, measuring cups, urinals, and medical bands and as industrial purpose with garbage bags, disposable straws, refrigerator bags,stretch film, food preservation bags, clothing bags, shopping bags, hamburger sandwich bags, vegetable preservative bags, providing a biodegradable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based plastics. Furthermore, the invention offers methods for the environmentally responsible disposal of these devices via sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting.

[0004] Prior Art

[0005] The global production of plastics has surpassed 8.3 billion tons since the 1950s, with approximately 5 billion tons accumulating as waste in natural environments, leading to significant environmental pollution. While traditional plastics made from petrochemical sources have desirable chemical stability and durability, they suffer from slow degradation, which contributes to microplastic pollution in ecosystems. As a result, the demand for biobased alternatives to petroleum-derived plastics has surged. Conventional materials like plastics and glass contribute significantly to carbon footprints and environmental pollution. Bioplastic resins derived from renewable sources provide an eco-friendly alternative with advantages such as biodegradability, composability, and reduced reliance on petroleumbased plastics. The detrimental environmental impact of conventional petroleum-based plastics necessitates the development of sustainable alternatives. While bioplastics such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus, present promising solutions, their scalability and mechanical properties often fall short. Challenges such as brittleness, thermal instability, and high production costs limit their adoption in broader applications. Common bioplastic resins include polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). These resins have been successfully used in creating biodegradable devices for applications ranging from medical diagnostics to patient care, offer promising ecological advantages due to their biodegradability and renewability. However, their limited mechanical properties, such as low tensile strength and stiffness, as well as challenges related to cost and scalability, hinder their widespread adoption. To address this issue, bioplasticsmade from renewable resources like plant-based materials and algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, other microalgae humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus, algae, such as spirulina and have gained interest. However, previous bioplastics faced challenges with scalability, mechanical strength, and limited applications due to insufficient bonding and material degradation. The present invention leverages self-bonding properties of biomatter, such as algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, other microalgae humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus, algae, such as spirulina and other plant-based biomasses, enhancing their mechanical properties and biodegradability. The key innovation of the invention lies in the optimization of the pressing conditions — temperature, time, and force — during the thermoforming process, which significantly enhances the bonding between the biomatter particles, resulting in bioplastics with superior strength, flexibility, and biodegradability

[0006] Seaweed extract, cactus, Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales, alg, especially Microalgae, particularly Spirulina sp., are emerging as viable candidates for bioplastic production. Spirulina is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, making it an ideal feedstock for bioplastic materials. Despite its environmental advantages, Spirulina-\ s, bioplastics face challenges with mechanical strength and processing efficiency. In particular, the weak bonding between Spirulina particles and traditional plastic matrices results in poor performance and degradation of material properties.

[0007] This invention addresses these limitations by introducing a self-bonding process for Spirulina and other biomasses, enhancing their strength, elasticity, and biodegradability. By optimizing thermoforming conditions — specifically, temperature, pressing force, and processing time — the method results in bioplastics with robust physical properties that can rival conventional plastics.

[0008] Despite their advantages, bioplastics face challenges, such as achieving material homogeneity and maintaining mechanical integrity under stress.

[0009] Objectives of the InventionThis invention aims to address these challenges by introducing a homogenous bioplastic material composition enhanced with plasticizers and optimizing device designs for various healthcare applications. The invention addresses the environmental impact of disposable medical devices by offering alternatives made from bioplastics. Traditional plastic and glass medical devices contribute significantly to carbon emissions and waste, requiring energy-intensive manufacturing processes and producing non-biodegradable waste. By contrast, bioplastic resins such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, leonardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus, and others listed in the claims are derived from renewable plant sources and degrade in industrial composting conditions. This innovation is particularly suited for applications requiring disposable devices in the medical sector. Bioplastic materials possess characteristics comparable to conventional plastics, including sufficient durability and flexibility for single-use medical and industrial devices. Additionally, their biodegradability reduces their environmental footprint, providing upstream benefits (e.g., carbon sequestration during plant growth) and downstream benefits (e.g., reduced landfill impact). This invention aims to address these challenges by providing a series of medical devices made from biodegradable bioplastic resins. The materials used are derived from renewable sources like corn, sugarcane, and cellulose. These bioplastics have a lower carbon footprint, are compostable, and maintain the durability required for industrial and medical applications.

[0010] The device’s design ensures functionality and durability while maintaining biodegradability. For example, the device is suitable for anesthesia, respiratory therapy, and sleep apnea treatment, replacing traditional face masks with an eco-friendly alternative. The invention also addresses the need for better ergonomics and patient comfort through the inclusion of an inflatable cushion.

[0011] Innovations in blending these bioplastics with other bio-based polymers and fillers have shown promise. However, achieving a balance between mechanical performance, biodegradability, and cost efficiency remains elusive. This invention addresses these issues by introducing novel compositions and processing techniques. Although bioplastics likepolylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, leonardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus., and others offer a promising solution, they often lack the necessary mechanical strength, flexibility, and thermal stability for high-performance applications. Additionally, the cost of production and scalability remain key hurdles. This invention addresses these challenges by introducing bioplastic compositions with improved properties and a streamlined, energy -efficient manufacturing process. The devices made from these bioplastics are biodegradable and compostable, reducing their environmental footprint.

[0012] Brief Description of the Invention

[0013] This invention provides disposable devices formed from biodegradable and compostable bioplastic resins. The composition includes:

[0014] 1. A biodegradable resin selected from polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus.

[0015] 2. A plasticizer intermixed with the resin to achieve material homogeneity and enhance physical properties.

[0016] 3. Devices fabricated from the bioplastic material include post-operative catheters, drains, catheters, disposable gloves, caps, overshoes, surgical table covers, disposable pipette tips, injection materials, and industrial operations such as condoms, vaginal speculums, specimen containers, measuring cups, urinals, and medical bands.

[0017] 4. Industrial purpose with garbage bags, disposable straws, refrigerator bags, stretch film, food preservation bags, clothing bags, shopping bags, hamburger sandwichbags, vegetable preservative bags, providing a biodegradable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based plastics.

[0018] These products are designed to biodegrade efficiently under composting conditions, minimizing environmental impact. The invention further includes a visual indicator on each device to signify its composability, enhancing user awareness. This invention discloses biologically-based plastic compositions comprising polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, leonardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus., either individually or in combinations, along with specific additives, fillers, and reinforcements. The invention also provides manufacturing processes optimized to enhance the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the bioplastics while ensuring biodegradability and cost efficiency.

[0019] Key innovations include:

[0020] • Advanced Compositions: Inclusion of natural fibers, bio-based plasticizers, and nanofillers to improve tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability.

[0021] • Eco-Friendly Manufacturing: A single-step extrusion process minimizing energy consumption and waste.

[0022] • Industrial Applications: Products designed for packaging, automotive components, consumer goods, and medical applications.

[0023] Devices include syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and ink / toner cartridges.

[0024] In another aspect, the invention includes a method for disposing of these devices through sterilization, shredding, and composting, ensuring minimal environmental impact.

[0025] Key features of the invention include:1. Material Composition: Biodegradable resins mixed with plasticizers for durability, flexibility, and thermal resistance.

[0026] 2. Device Categories: Medical devices (e.g., syringes, lancets, sharps containers), industrial devices (e.g., suction canisters), and printing devices (e.g., ink and toner cartridges).

[0027] 3. Environmental Sustainability: Devices are marked with green indicators for easy identification and disposal. Methods include industrial composting and resin recycling.

[0028] 4. Applications: Devices are suitable for medical, industrial, and printing a These bioplastics are formulated from PLA, PHA, PCL, PBT, GPE, and GPET, with the addition of plasticizers such as glycerol or sorbitol to improve flexibility, homogeneity, and processing performance. Fillers such as natural fibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and agricultural byproducts like rice husks and sugarcane bagasse are incorporated to reduce material costs and enhance sustainability.

[0029] The invention further provides a method for disposing of these devices, ensuring they are safely sterilized, shredded, and composted. The biodegradable devices meet industrial composting standards and fully degrade within 12 months.

[0030] • Material Composition: PLA (40-60%), PHA (20-40%), PBS (10-20%) with natural plasticizers (5-10%) and nanofillers (2-5%).

[0031] • Device Applications: Single-use medical devices such as syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and industrial devices like ink and toner cartridges.

[0032] • Disposal Methods: Environmentally responsible sterilization, shredding, and composting. Applications where disposability and environmental safety are essential.

[0033] The invention relates to the development of self-bonding bioplastics made from biomatter such as Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, and other plant-based biomasses. The process involves mixing the biomatter with optional additives like plasticizers and biodegradable polymers, followed by a thermoforming process such as compression molding, extrusion, or injection molding. During this process, heat and pressure are applied to the mixed composition, which causes the biomatter particles to bond together without the need for additional chemical agents, resulting in a self-bonding bioplastic.By varying temperature, pressure, and processing time, the biomechanical properties (e g., tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and toughness) of the bioplastics can be tailored. The bioplastics produced have a wide range of applications, including packaging, medical devices, agricultural materials, and consumer goods.

[0034] • Increased mechanical properties such as tensile strength (15-30 MPa), flexural strength (5-30 MPa), and modulus of elasticity (1-3.5 GPa).

[0035] • Customizable biodegradability with the bioplastic degrading at rates comparable to organic materials, with up to 60% mass loss in 6 weeks in composting environments.

[0036] Environmentally friendly production with a lower carbon footprint due to the use of algae, which captures CO2 during growth.

[0037] The invention involves a novel method of producing bioplastics from biomatter by combining it with plasticizers and polymers, followed by a thermoforming process such as hot-pressing or injection molding. The biomatter composition can include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus. The bioplastics exhibit excellent tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, and biodegradability, with enhanced material properties achieved by carefully controlling the process parameters of temperature, time, and applied force during the thermoforming process.

[0038] • Improved mechanical properties: Tensile strength ranging from 15 to 30 MPa, flexural strength between 5 to 30 MPa, and modulus of elasticity between 1 to 3.5 GPa.

[0039] • Enhanced biodegradability: At least 60% mass loss within 6 weeks when composted in industrial composting conditions.

[0040] • Customizable material properties: By adjusting temperature (ranging from 60°C to 160°C), pressing force (between 7 kN and 35 kN), and time (5 to 30 minutes), thebioplastics exhibit tailored characteristics, suitable for various applications in packaging, medical devices, and consumer products.

[0041] • Sustainability: The biomatter composition captures significant amounts of CO2 during cultivation, offering a carbon-negative production process.

[0042] • Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Tensile strength ranging from 15 to 50 MPa, flexural strength from 5 to 30 MPa, and modulus of elasticity from 1 to 3.5 GPa. • Customizable Biodegradability: Devices degrade at rates of up to 60% mass loss in 6 weeks under composting conditions.

[0043] • Environmentally Friendly Disposal: Devices are sterilizable and can be shredded and composted into nutrient-rich humus within months.

[0044] • Sustainability: The biomatter composition offers a carbon -negative production process by capturing CO2 during cultivation

[0045] The present invention relates to biodegradable materials and their applications in the medical and industrial sectors, specifically disposable devices made from bioplastics. These devices are designed for use in medical diagnostics; surgical procedures such as post-operative catheters, drains, catheters, disposable gloves, caps, shoe covers (overshoes), surgical drapes, disposable pipette tips, injection materials; and industrial processes such as condoms, vaginal speculums, specimen containers, measuring cups, urinals, and medical tapes. For industrial purposes, it provides a biodegradable alternative to traditional petrochemical -based plastics for items such as trash bags, disposable straws, refrigerator bags, stretch film, food preservation bags, garment bags, shopping bags, hamburger sandwich bags, and vegetable protection bags.

[0046] Furthermore, the invention offers methods for the environmentally sensitive disposal of these devices through sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. These bioplastics are formulated with plasticizers and additives to increase mechanical strength, flexibility, and thermal stability. The invention addresses both the production of high-performance bioplastic devices such as syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and packaging materials, and the environmentally sensitive disposal methods via sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. The bioplastics used in this invention degrade within 12 months under composting conditions, providing a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.The present invention relates to a method for the self-binding of biomatter to create high-performance bioplastics with superior physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. This method involves mixing a composition containing biomatter (e.g., Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina lalissima, and other plant-based biomass) and subjecting the mixture to a thermoforming process involving heat, pressure, and time. The resulting bioplastics exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, and toughness, in addition to high biodegradability. By optimizing processing parameters (temperature, pressure, and time), the bioplastics can be tailored for specific applications ranging from packaging materials and medical devices to consumer goods and construction materials. The invention also enables the large-scale production of sustainable bioplastics capable of replacing traditional petroleum-based plastics, thereby offering a cleaner, biodegradable alternative.

[0047] The present invention relates to a method for the self-binding of biomatter to create bioplastics with superior physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The method involves mixing a biomatter composition, which may include Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, and other biomass sources, and subjecting the mixture to thermoforming processes such as hot pressing, extrusion, or injection molding. The resulting bioplastic constitutes an ideal alternative to traditional plastics by exhibiting enhanced mechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, flexural strength, and biodegradability. The invention also addresses the optimization of these properties through controlled thermal and mechanical processing parameters. The bioplastic is biodegradable with at least 60% mass loss within 6 weeks under composting conditions and can be used for a range of applications including medical devices, packaging materials, and consumer goods.

[0048] This invention relates to disposable medical and industrial devices made from biodegradable bioplastics including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT / PBAT), cellulose-based polymers (PH), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). The devices are designed for single-use applications, particularly in the healthcare, medical diagnostics, and industrial sectors. The bioplastics are formulated with special plasticizers and additives to improve their mechanical strength, flexibility, and thermal properties, ensuring their suitability for high-performance applications.The invention further outlines a method for the environmentally safe disposal of these devices through sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. The biodegradable bioplastics possess superior biodegradability that meets industrial composting standards and significantly reduces environmental impact. The devices include industrial components such as syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, medical tapes, and ink cartridges designed with eco-friendly features for responsible waste management.

[0049] A disposable medical device comprising biodegradable resins including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). The device comprises a plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic, which is then used to form devices such as multi-dose syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and related components. The invention includes a method for the safe disposal of the devices through sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. This patent addresses environmental sustainability in medical waste management by providing compostable and renewable alternatives to traditional medical devices.

[0050] This invention discloses bio-based plastic compositions using PLA, PHA, and PBS, enhanced with natural additives and fillers. The compositions exhibit superior mechanical and thermal properties, complete biodegradability, and cost-effective production processes. Applications include packaging, automotive components, and medical devices.

[0051] The invention relates to disposable devices composed of biodegradable resins designed for medical and industrial applications. These devices include, but are not limited to, syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and ink or toner cartridges. The biodegradable resin is mixed with a plasticizer to form a homogeneous bioplastic, ensuring optimum functionality, mechanical properties, and environmental sustainability. The invention also discloses environmentally safe disposal methods via sterilization, shredding, and industrial composting. The biodegradable resin compositions and related devices are optimized in terms of performance and environmental impact.

[0052] Examples and Applications

[0053] Example 1 : PLA-PHA Blend for PackagingComposition:

[0054] o 50% PLA, 30% PHA, 15% PBS, 5% Sorbitol.

[0055] Process:

[0056] o Melt blending at 150°C followed by thermoforming. Results:

[0057] o Tensile Strength: 40 MPa.

[0058] o Elongation at Break: 30%.

[0059] o Biodegradation: 90% mass loss in 180 days.

[0060]

[0061] 2: PHA-PBS for Automotive Parts

[0062] Composition:

[0063] o 40% PHA, 40% PBS, 15% Cellulose Nanocrystals, 5% Glycerol.

[0064] Process:

[0065] o Twin-screw extrusion at 160°C followed by injection molding.

[0066] Results:

[0067] o Tensile Strength: 35 MPa.

[0068] o Thermal Stability: 175°C.

[0069] 3: PLA-PHA-PBS Blend for Medical Devices

[0070] Composition:

[0071] o 45% PLA, 35% PHA, 15% PBS, 5% Nanoclay.

[0072] Process:

[0073] o Single-screw extrusion followed by sterilization.

[0074] Results:

[0075] o Biocompatibility: ISO 10993-5 compliant.

[0076] o Biodegradation: Complete within 12 months.

[0077]

[0078] Industrial1. Composition

[0079] The compositions are scalable for industrial production using existing polymer processing equipment, minimizing the need for new infrastructure.

[0080] 2. Process

[0081] Single-step production methods reduce energy consumption and streamline manufacturing, increasing economic viability.

[0082] 3. Properties

[0083] The superior mechanical and thermal properties of the bioplastics make them competitive with traditional plastics in various applications.

[0084] 4. Applications

[0085] Broad applicability across sectors ensures high market potential and aligns with global sustainability goals.

[0086] The invention offers a comprehensive solution for manufacturing and disposing of disposable devices in a manner that minimizes environmental impact while maintaining functionality and usability, and also provides a comprehensive solution to the environmental challenges posed by medical waste. By using bioplastics, the invention offers a viable alternative to traditional plastic devices, reducing carbon footprints and promoting responsible waste management. Offering bioplastic-based devices and an eco-friendly disposal method, this patent aligns with global sustainability goals and meets the growing demand for environmentally sensitive healthcare solutions. These innovations are designed to align with global sustainability goals and reduce biomedical and industrial waste. The most significant aspect of this invention is the valorization of waste as well as the presence of processes that circulate in nature and help return it to nature. It includes a chain of processes serving to regenerate algae, moss, rocks, and materials that have been idle for many years and return them to nature.

[0087] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0088] 1. CompositionThe disclosed bioplastic compositions include:

[0089] • Base Polymers: PLA, PHA, and PBS, each contributing unique properties:

[0090] o PLA: High tensile strength, low thermal stability.

[0091] o PHA: Excellent biodegradability, flexibility.

[0092] o PBS: Superior thermal stability and durability.

[0093] • Additives:

[0094] o Natural plasticizers such as glycerol and sorbitol to enhance flexibility. o Nanoclay and cellulose nanocrystals for improved mechanical strength and barrier properties.

[0095] • Fillers: Agricultural byproducts like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and lignin to reduce cost and improve sustainability.

[0096] • Blends: PLA-PHA, PLA-PBS, and PHA-PBS blends with varying ratios to optimize performance for specific applications.

[0097] 2. Process

[0098] The manufacturing process involves:

[0099] • Raw Material Preparation: Drying and milling of polymers and fillers to ensure uniform blending.

[0100] • Extrusion: Single or twin-screw extrusion at controlled temperatures (130-180°C) and pressures, enabling optimal dispersion of additives and fillers.

[0101] • Molding: Thermoforming, injection molding, or blow molding to fabricate end -use products.

[0102] 3. Properties

[0103] The resulting bioplastics exhibit:

[0104] • Physical Properties:

[0105] o Density: 0.9- 1.2 g / cm3.

[0106] o Tensile Strength: 20-50 MPa.

[0107] o Elongation at Break: 10-50%.

[0108] • Thermal Properties:

[0109] o Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): 55-60°C.o Melting Temperature (Tm): 160-175°C.

[0110] • Environmental Performance:

[0111] o Complete biodegradation within 12 months under composting conditions.

[0112] 4. Applications

[0113] The bioplastics are suitable for:

[0114] • Packaging: Compostable food containers, films, and wraps.

[0115] • Automotive: Interior panels, trims, and lightweight components.

[0116] • Consumer Goods: Biodegradable utensils, toys, and furniture.

[0117] • Medical Applications: Biocompatible devices and packaging for sterile equipment.

[0118] Composition

[0119] The bioplastic composition includes:

[0120] • Biodegradable Resin: Selected from polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET). polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlor ella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus

[0121] • Plasticizer: Enhances flexibility and material homogeneity, providing improved mechanical properties suitable for medical devices.

[0122] • Additives (Optional): Colorants and stabilizers compliant with environmental and healthcare regulations.

[0123] 2. Process

[0124] The fabrication process involves:

[0125] 1. Material Preparation: Blending bioplastic resin with a plasticizer in precise ratios to ensure homogeneity.2. Forming Techniques: Devices are produced using injection molding, blow molding, or extrusion, depending on the product type.

[0126] 3. Surface Treatment: Optional addition of compostability indicators or sterility markings.

[0127] 3. Properties

[0128] The resulting bioplastics exhibit:

[0129] • Mechanical Strength: Comparable to traditional plastics.

[0130] • Thermal Stability: Suitable for sterilization processes.

[0131] • Biodegradability: Verified through industrial composting standards.

[0132] 4. Applications

[0133] Medical Devices:

[0134] 1. Vaginal Speculum:

[0135] o Bivalve design with integrated illumination.

[0136] o Adjustable aperture with a locking mechanism.

[0137] o Sizes: Small, Medium, Large.

[0138] 2. Specimen Containers:

[0139] o Graduated markings for volume measurement.

[0140] o Optional sterile packaging.

[0141] 3. Measuring Cups:

[0142] o Volume gradations in both metric and imperial units.

[0143] o Suitable for liquid and solid medications.

[0144] 4. Urinals:

[0145] o Ergonomic design with a snap-fit cap and handle.

[0146] o Volume markings for measurement.

[0147] 5. Medical Bands:

[0148] Adjustable, disposable identification bands with patient information fields.

[0149] Disposable devices are fabricated from bioplastics that are renewable and compostable. These include:• Polylactic acid (PLA): A biopolymer derived from corn or sugarcane, offering transparency and rigidity.

[0150] • Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A bacterially fermented polyester known for its flexibility and biodegradability.

[0151] • Cellulose-based polymers (PH): Derived from plant cellulose, providing additional material options.

[0152] • Polycaprolactone (PCL): A biodegradable polyester with excellent thermal properties.

[0153] • Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT): A compostable polymer offering durability.

[0154] • Green polyethylene (GPE) and GPET: Derived from sugarcane, these materials combine sustainability with industrial performance.

[0155] 2. Applications and Features

[0156] A. Medical Devices:

[0157] 1. Multidose Syringes:

[0158] o Composed of bioplastics and equipped with calibrated dosing mechanisms. o Green-colored indicators for compostable components (e.g., syringe barrels, caps, and plungers).

[0159] 2. Sharps Containers:

[0160] o Designed to safely store used needles and blades.

[0161] o Made entirely from bioplastics, ensuring safe disposal via composting. 3. Suction Canisters:

[0162] o Offered in broad-neck and narrow-neck configurations.

[0163] o Fabricated using bioplastics to enable safe handling and environmentally responsible disposal.

[0164] 4. Surgical Tools:

[0165] o Scalpel handles and safety shields made from PLA or PHA.

[0166] o Fully biodegradable and safe for single use.

[0167] B. Industrial Devices:

[0168] 1. Ink and Toner Cartridges:

[0169] o Bioplastic reservoirs integrated with electronic components for office use.o Eco-friendly alternatives to traditional plastic cartridges.

[0170] C. Optional Indicators:

[0171] • Compostable devices include green text or markings to indicate their environmental compatibility.

[0172] 3. Method of Disposal

[0173] A. Sterilization:

[0174] 1. Steam sterilization.

[0175] 2. Radiation sterilization (UV or gamma rays).

[0176] 3. Ethylene oxide gas sterilization.

[0177] B. Shredding:

[0178] • Sterilized devices are shredded to enhance composting efficiency.

[0179] C. Composting:

[0180] Shredded material is composted in industrial facilities, transforming it into nutrient - rich humus.

[0181] Biodegradable Resin Composition

[0182] The devices are manufactured from biodegradable resins selected from the group consisting of:

[0183] • Polylactic Acid (PLA): Derived from corn, beet, or cane sugar, PLA is transparent, compostable, and widely used in medical applications.

[0184] • Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A polyester produced by bacterial fermentation, known for its biodegradability and mechanical strength.

[0185] • Cellulose-Based PH: A renewable resource providing flexibility and strength.

[0186] • Polycaprolactone (PCL): Offers improved flexibility and thermal stability.

[0187] • Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBT): Provides durability and heat resistance.• Green Polyethylene (GPE) and GPET: Derived from sugarcane, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional polyethylene and PET.

[0188] The resins are combined with plasticizers to enhance flexibility, permeability, and mechanical strength, enabling the production of functional disposable devices.

[0189] Device Categories and Features

[0190] 1. Syringes:

[0191] o Single-use and multidose options.

[0192] o Compostable components, including barrels, plungers, and caps. o Green indicators printed on the syringes for easy identification.

[0193] 2. Sharps Containers:

[0194] o Durable bioplastic construction.

[0195] o Single-use and reusable designs for safe disposal of medical sharps.

[0196] 3. Suction Canisters:

[0197] o Available in narrow and broad-neck configurations.

[0198] o Made from bioplastic, designed for medical and surgical use.

[0199] 4. Ink and Toner Cartridges:

[0200] o Bioplastic reservoirs for printers and copiers.

[0201] o Single and multi-reservoir designs.

[0202] Disposal Methods

[0203] 1. Sterilization:

[0204] o Methods include steam, radiation (UV or gamma), and ethylene oxide gas. o Ensures devices are pathogen-free before disposal.

[0205] 2. Shredding:

[0206] o Shredded devices are processed into smaller particles for composting.

[0207] 3. Composting:

[0208] o Industrial composting facilities convert shredded material into compost or humus.

[0209] o Reduces landfill use and carbon emissions.

[0210] Advantages of the Invention• Environmental Impact:

[0211] o Reduces reliance on petroleum-based plastics.

[0212] o Minimizes waste and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0213] • Performance:

[0214] o Bioplastics offer comparable performance to conventional plastics. o Improved thermal and mechanical properties.

[0215] • Sustainability:

[0216] Devices are derived from renewable resources and are fully compostable

[0217] Materials:

[0218] Biodegradable resins used in this invention include:

[0219] • PLA (Polylactic Acid): Derived from corn or sugarcane, known for its compostability and clarity.

[0220] • PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoate): A biopolymer produced via bacterial fermentation.

[0221] • Cellulose-based PH: Derived from plant cellulose, offering enhanced strength and biodegradability.

[0222] • PCL (Polycaprolate): Known for its flexibility and low melting point.

[0223] • PBT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate): Offers excellent durability while being compostable.

[0224] • GPE and GPET: Derived from sugarcane, providing partial biodegradability and enhanced strength.

[0225] . LIVING ORGANISMS AND PLANT WASTES; algae, such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissimi, humic substance, lenardit, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beet, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seed, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus.

[0226] Products: Post-operative catheters, drains, catheters, disposable gloves, caps, overshoes, surgical table covers, disposable pipette tips, injection materials, , and industrial operations such as condoms, vaginal speculums, specimen containers, measuring cups, urinals, and medical bands and as industrial purpose with garbage bags, disposable straws, refrigerator bags, stretch film, food preservation bags, clothing bags, shopping bags, hamburger sandwich bags, vegetable preservative bags, providing a biodegradable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based plastics.1. Multidose Syringe:

[0227] Constructed from PLA with a green-marked dosage indicator.

[0228] Includes a needle cap and safety shield made from the same bioplastic resin.

[0229] Designed for patients requiring multiple doses of medication.

[0230] 2. Sharps Container:

[0231] • Composed of durable bioplastic to safely contain used medical sharps.

[0232] • Marked with a compostable indicator for easy identification in disposal systems.

[0233] 3. Suction Canister:

[0234] • Broad- and narrow-neck variants available.

[0235] • Transparent body for visibility during use, made from PHA or GPET.

[0236] Disposal Method:

[0237] 1. Sterilization: The device is sterilized to eliminate biological hazards using steam, ethylene oxide gas, or radiation.

[0238] 2. Shredding: The sterilized device is mechanically shredded into smaller pieces to facilitate composting.

[0239] 3. Industrial Composting: The shredded material is placed in a controlled composting environment, breaking down into nutrient-rich compost within weeks.

[0240] Biodegradable Resin Composition:

[0241] The bioplastic compositions in this invention are designed to offer enhanced mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties. The compositions include:

[0242] • Base Polymers:

[0243] o PLA (40-60% by weight): Provides high tensile strength but low thermal stability. Ideal for applications requiring rigidity, such as syringes and containers.

[0244] o PHA (20-40% by weight): Known for excellent biodegradability and flexibility, ideal for flexible medical devices.o PBS (10-20% by weight): Offers superior thermal stability and durability, making it suitable for more demanding industrial applications.

[0245] • Additives:

[0246] o Natural Plasticizers (5-10% by weight): Glycerol or sorbitol enhance flexibility and homogeneity in the bioplastic.

[0247] o Nanofillers (2-5% by weight): Cellulose nanocrystals or nanoclay for improving mechanical strength and barrier properties.

[0248] • Fillers:

[0249] o Agricultural Byproducts: Rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and lignin can be included to reduce material costs while improving sustainability.

[0250] 2. Device Categories and Applications:

[0251] The bioplastic compositions are suitable for a range of medical and industrial devices. Example devices include:

[0252] • Medical Devices:

[0253] o Multidose Syringes: Composed of 50% PLA, 30% PHA, and 15% PBS, with 5% sorbitol. The syringes achieve tensile strength of 40 MPa and elongation at break of 30%. They degrade within 180 days under composting conditions. o Sharps Containers: Made from PLA or PHA with 5% plasticizer, designed for safe disposal of medical sharps. The containers are fully biodegradable and compostable.

[0254] o Suction Canisters: Composed of PHA and PBS, these canisters are used in medical procedures for fluid collection, offering durability and biodegradability.

[0255] o Medical Bands: Biodegradable identification bands for medical use.

[0256] • Industrial Devices:

[0257] o Ink and Toner Cartridges: Bioplastic reservoirs for printers, designed for eco-friendly disposal after use.

[0258] 3. Disposal Method:

[0259] The disposal method ensures that the bioplastics degrade efficiently in industrial composting conditions. The process includes:• Sterilization: Devices are sterilized using steam, ethylene oxide gas, or radiation (UV or gamma) to eliminate pathogens before disposal.

[0260] • Shredding: After sterilization, devices are shredded into smaller pieces to increase the surface area and accelerate biodegradation.

[0261] Composting: The shredded material is placed in an industrial composting facility, where it degrades into nutrient-rich humus in less than 12 months

[0262] Biomatter Composition:

[0263] The bioplastics produced by the method described here primarily comprise biomatter, which constitutes at least 50% by weight of the composition. This biomatter can include:

[0264] • Spirulina sp. (with protein content ranging from 54.2-63.1%),

[0265] • Chlorella vulgaris,

[0266] • Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp),

[0267] • Powdered wood from Douglas fir, coffee beans, dragon fruit, matcha powder, and alpha cellulose.

[0268] The biomatter content of the bioplastics can range from 50% to 99.99% by weight, depending on the desired characteristics of the final product.

[0269] Additional additives can be incorporated into the composition to enhance certain properties, such as flexibility, processability, and strength. These include:

[0270] • Plasticizers (0-30 wt %)

[0271] o Sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, and other polyols are commonly used to enhance flexibility and reduce brittleness in bioplastics.

[0272] • Polymers (0-30 wt %)

[0273] o PLA (poly(lactic acid)), PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), PCL (poly caprolactone), and PHBV (poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3 -hydroxy valerate)) are biodegradable polymers that can improve strength, thermal stability, and processability.

[0274] The composition may also contain small amounts of cellulose, lignin, nanocellulose, or nanoclay to increase strength and provide reinforcement in the final product.2. Thermoforming Process:

[0275] Once the biomatter is mixed with optional additives, the mixture undergoes a thermoforming process, where heat and pressure are applied to transform the composition into bioplastics. The optimal process conditions are as follows:

[0276] • Temperature: Ranges from 60°C to 160°C. The preferred temperature for maximum strength is 140°C.

[0277] • Pressing Force: Ranges from 2 kN to 35 kN, with 7 kN being the optimal force for achieving maximum tensile and flexural strength.

[0278] • Processing Time: Varies between 5 to 30 minutes, with 5 minutes yielding optimal mechanical properties for most formulations.

[0279] Methods of thermoforming include:

[0280] • Compression Molding

[0281] • Extrusion

[0282] • Injection Molding

[0283] The temperature and pressing force cause the biomatter to self-bond into a uniform matrix, enhancing the mechanical properties of the resulting bioplastics. High-pressure conditions result in bioplastics with higher strength and density, while lower temperatures help retain flexibility and make the material more malleable.

[0284] 3. Physical and Mechanical Properties:

[0285] The bioplastics produced by the present invention exhibit a range of physical and mechanical properties:

[0286] • Density: Typically between 0.8 and 1.5 g / cm3, depending on the composition and processing conditions.

[0287] • Tensile Strength: From 15 to 30 MPa. This is comparable to many traditional plastics like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS).

[0288] • Flexural Strength: From 5 to 30 MPa, with the highest strengths achieved at 140°C and 7 kN pressure.

[0289] • Modulus of Elasticity: Between 1 and 3.5 GPa, allowing for various applications in both flexible and rigid products.• Toughness: Can range from 0.01 MJ / m3to 0.14 MJ / m3, with tougher materials being ideal for applications requiring impact resistance.

[0290] • Biodegradability: The bioplastics can lose up to 60% of their mass in 6 weeks under composting conditions. They are considered biodegradable and backyard- compostable, with rates similar to fruit and vegetable waste.

[0291] 4. Applications:

[0292] The bioplastics produced by this invention can be used in a wide range of applications, including:

[0293] • Packaging Materials: Biodegradable packaging for food and consumer goods.

[0294] • Medical Devices: Disposable medical devices such as syringes, catheters, and wound dressings.

[0295] • Agricultural Films: Biodegradable mulching films for sustainable farming.

[0296] • Consumer Goods: Furniture, toys, and household items.

[0297] Construction Materials: Reinforced biocomposites for use in eco-friendly building materials

[0298] Bioplastics Composition:

[0299] The bioplastics produced by the method of the invention contain a high percentage of biomatter, with at least 50 wt % of the composition derived from Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, or other plant-based biomasses. These biomasses, known for their high protein and carbohydrate content, provide structural integrity to the resulting bioplastic material. The following components may be included in the composition:

[0300] • Biomatter (50-99.99 wt %):

[0301] o Spirulina sp. (protein content: 54.2-63.1 wt %),

[0302] o Chlorella vulgaris,

[0303] o Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp),

[0304] o Powdered wood from Douglas fir,

[0305] o Other plant-derived materials such as matcha powder, coffee beans, dragon fruit, and alpha cellulose.

[0306] • Plasticizer (0-30 wt %):o Sorbitol, glycerol, and mannitol are examples of plasticizers used to enhance the flexibility of the bioplastics.

[0307] • Polymers (0-30 wt %):

[0308] o Biodegradable polymers such as PLA (poly(lactic acid)), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), PCL (polycaprolactone), PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate), and PHBV (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyval erate)) are used to improve the bioplastic’s strength, thermal stability, and processability.

[0309] 2. Thermoforming Process:

[0310] The biomatter is mixed with plasticizers and optionally polymers to form a homogeneous composition. The mixed composition is then subjected to a thermoforming process, which involves the application of heat and pressure to form a bioplastic. The preferred process parameters are:

[0311] • Temperature: About 140°C,

[0312] • Time: About 5 minutes,

[0313] • Force: About 7 kN,

[0314] • Methods: Compression molding, heat extrusion, and injection molding.

[0315] During the thermoforming process, the temperature and applied pressure cause the biomatter to undergo a transition from a loosely packed structure to a compact, uniform matrix. This transformation significantly enhances the strength and flexibility of the resulting bioplastic, compared to the starting composition.

[0316] 3. Bioplastic Properties:

[0317] The resulting bioplastics exhibit a range of desirable properties:

[0318] • Density: 0.8 to 1.5 g / cm3,

[0319] • Tensile Strength: 15-30 MPa,

[0320] • Flexural Strength: 5-30 MPa,

[0321] • Modulus of Elasticity: 1-3.5 GPa,

[0322] • Biodegradability: At least 60% mass loss within 6 weeks in industrial composting conditions.In particular, the bioplastics exhibit higher mechanical properties compared to prior .s / w7 / / / / / < -based bioplastics, with tensile strengths reaching up to 25 MPa and flexural strengths of up to 28 MPa. The addition of plasticizers such as sorbitol and glycerol further enhances the mechanical performance by reducing brittleness and increasing toughness.

[0323] 4. Applications:

[0324] The bioplastics produced by the present method are versatile and can be used in a variety of applications, including:

[0325] • Medical devices: Syringes, sharps containers, and wound dressings,

[0326] • Packaging materials: Food packaging, biodegradable bags,

[0327] Consumer products: Furniture, toys, and household goods.,

[0328] Bioplastic Composition

[0329] The bioplastics in this invention comprise the following components:

[0330] • Base Polymers:

[0331] o PLA (40-60% by weight): Provides high tensile strength but lower thermal stability. Ideal for rigid applications such as syringes and containers.

[0332] o PHA (20-40% by weight): Known for excellent biodegradability and flexibility, making it suitable for flexible medical devices.

[0333] o PBS (10-20% by weight): Provides superior thermal stability and durability, suitable for demanding industrial applications.

[0334] o PCL (Optional, 0-30% by weight): Known for its flexibility and low melting point, useful in devices requiring impact resistance.

[0335] • Plasticizers (0-30% by weight): Glycerol, sorbitol, or mannitol are used to enhance flexibility, reduce brittleness, and improve processability.

[0336] • Additives (0-30% by weight):

[0337] o Natural fibers such as rice husks or sugarcane bagasse to reduce cost and improve sustainability.

[0338] o Nanofillers such as cellulose nanocrystals or nanoclay to improve mechanical strength and barrier properties.

[0339] 2. Thermoforming ProcessOnce the bioplastic composition is prepared, it undergoes thermoforming through methods such as compression molding, extrusion, or injection molding. The preferred process parameters are:

[0340] • Temperature: Between 60°C and 160°C, with the optimal range at 140°C for maximum tensile strength.

[0341] • Pressing Force: Between 2 kN and 35 kN, with 7 kN being optimal for achieving maximum tensile and flexural strength.

[0342] • Time: Varies between 5 to 30 minutes, with 5 minutes yielding optimal mechanical properties for most formulations.

[0343] During this process, heat and pressure are applied, which causes the biomatter to bond together, creating a uniform bioplastic matrix.

[0344] 3. Physical and Mechanical Properties

[0345] The resulting bioplastics exhibit the following properties:

[0346] • Density: 0.8- 1.5 g / cm3

[0347] • Tensile Strength: 15-50 MPa

[0348] • Flexural Strength: 5-30 MPa

[0349] • Modulus of Elasticity: 1—3.5 GPa

[0350] • Toughness: Ranges from 0.01 MJ / m3to 0.14 MJ / m3depending on composition.

[0351] 4. Biodegradability

[0352] The bioplastics are biodegradable, with up to 60% mass loss within 6 weeks under industrial composting conditions. These materials fully degrade within 12 months.

[0353] 5. Applications

[0354] The bioplastics are suitable for a wide range of applications:

[0355] • Medical Devices:

[0356] o Syringes: Composed of 50% PLA, 30% PHA, and 15% PBS, achieving tensile strength of 40 MPa and elongation at break of 30%.o Sharps Containers: Fully biodegradable, made from PLA or PHA with 5% plasticizer.

[0357] o Suction Canisters: Composed of PHA and PBS, used for fluid collection in medical procedures.

[0358] o Medical Bands: Biodegradable identification bands.

[0359] • Industrial Devices:

[0360] o Ink and Toner Cartridges: Bioplastic reservoirs for printers.

[0361] o Packaging Materials: Biodegradable packaging for food and consumer goods.

[0362] • Consumer Goods:

[0363] o Toys, Furniture, Household Items: Made from bioplastics, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional plastic products.

[0364] 6. Disposal Methods

[0365] The invention includes methods for environmentally responsible disposal of bioplastic devices:

[0366] • Sterilization: Devices can be sterilized using steam, radiation (UV or gamma), or ethylene oxide gas.

[0367] • Shredding: After sterilization, devices are shredded into smaller pieces to facilitate composting.

[0368] Composting: The shredded bioplastic is placed in an industrial composting facility, where it breaks down into nutrient-rich humus within 6 to 12 months.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A bioplastic composition comprising polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT / PBAT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET); algae including spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina lalissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable waste, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus, and combinations thereof.

2. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, comprising:• 40-60% by weight PLA,• 20-40% by weight PHA,• 10-20% by weight PBS,• 5-10% natural plasticizers,• 2-5% nanoclay.

3. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, comprising lignin as a filler to increase UV resistance.

4. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the biomaterial comprises at least one of Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, or pulverized wood from Douglas fir.

5. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, comprising a plasticizer and / or a biodegradable polymer.

6. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer constitutes approximately 0% to approximately 30% by weight of the composition.

7. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises at least one of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly caprolactone (PCL), or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3 -hydroxy valerate) (PHBV).

8. A bioplastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the biomatter constitutes approximately 0.01% to 99.99% by weight of the biocomposite, and the polymer constitutes approximately 0.01% to 99.99% by weight of the biocomposite.

9. A bioplastic production method for the production of a bioplastic, comprising the process steps of:Preparing a mixture of PL A, PHA, and PBS;Adding natural plasticizers and fillers;Extruding the mixture at 140-160°C.

10. A method according to Claim 9, wherein the extrusion process ensures homogenous distribution of nanoclay and cellulose nanocrystals.

11. A method according to claim 9, comprising the process steps of enabling the self- binding of the biomatter by:• mixing a composition comprising biomatter to form a mixed composition; and • thermoforming the mixed composition into a bioplastic by applying a pressing force and heat to the mixed composition for a period of time, wherein one or more physical properties of the bioplastic differ from one or more physical properties of the mixed composition.

12. A method according to claim 9, wherein the biomaterial comprises at least one of Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina lalissima, or pulverized wood from Douglas fir.

13. A method according to claim 9, wherein the plasticizer constitutes 0% to 30% by weight of the composition.

14. A method according to claim 9, wherein the biodegradable polymer comprises at least one of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly caprolactone (PCL), or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3 -hydroxy valerate) (PHBV).

15. A method according to claim 9, wherein the temperature is approximately 140°C, the application time is approximately five minutes, and the force is approximately 7 kN.

16. A method according to claim 9, wherein the thermoforming comprises heat extrusion, hot pressing, or injection molding.

17. A method according to claim 9, wherein the biomatter constitutes approximately 0.01% to 99.99% by weight of the biocomposite, and the polymer constitutes approximately 0.01% to 99.99% by weight of the biocomposite.

18. A method according to claim 9, comprising the process steps for self-binding the biomatter:Mixing a composition comprising biomatter to form a mixed composition; and• Converting the mixed composition into a bioplastic by applying a pressing force and heat to the mixed composition for a period of time, wherein one or more physical properties of the bioplastic differ from one or more physical properties of the mixed composition.

19. A device for biodegradable industrial or consumer applications having a composition according to claim 1.

20. A disposable medical or industrial device according to Claim 5, wherein the extrusion process is integrated with injection molding to produce finished products in a single step, selected from the group consisting of syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and packaging materials, comprising:• A base structure of biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHA, PBS, PCL, GPE, and GPET, and additive material;• Algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable waste, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus;• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic.

21. A device according to Claim 5, wherein the biodegradable resin is PLA and is present in an amount of 40-60% by weight.

22. A device according to Claim 5, wherein the biodegradable resin is PHA and is present in an amount of 20-40% by weight.

23. A device according to Claim 5, comprising a green indicator mark indicating that it is compostable.

24. A disposable device according to claim 19 made of bioplastic, comprising a biodegradable resin selected from polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET); comprising algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus; [and] comprising a plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic.

25. A device according to claim 19, wherein the biodegradable resin is PLA.

26. A device according to claim 19, wherein the biodegradable resin is PHA.

27. A device according to claim 19, which is a vaginal speculum.

28. A device according to claim 19, which is a measuring cup.

29. A device according to claim 19, which is a urinal (duck).

30. A device according to claim 19, which is a medical tape.

31. A disposable medical device according to claim 19, comprising:• A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), cellulose-based PH, green polyethylene (GPE), green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), poly-D-lactide (PDLA), and poly-L-lactide (PLLA);• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic;• A shell consisting substantially of bioplastic;• A biodegradable cushion attached to an edge of the shell.

32. A device according to claim 31, wherein the shell comprises:• A cup-like structure having a peripheral flange;• An internal cavity designed to receive the user's face.

33. A device according to claim 31, wherein the cushion:• Is donut-shaped;• Is made of an inflatable material; and• Provides a pneumatic seal.

34. A device according to claim 31, comprising a gas inlet port integrated into the shell for ventilation or anesthesia; and a gas outlet port adapted for carbon dioxide monitoring.

35. A device according to claim 31, comprising lateral protrusions and a biodegradable strap for securely placing on the user's face.

36. A device according to claim 31, comprising a compostability indicator on the shell and the cushion.

37. A disposable device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, wherein the device is at least one of a multi-dose syringe, a sharps container, or a suction canister, comprising: a biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHA, cellulose-based PH, PCL, PBT, GPE, GPET, algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus; [and] a plasticizer mixed with the resin to provide a generally homogeneous bioplastic.

38. A device according to claim 19, which is a sterilizable and compostable sharps container formed from bioplastic resin, further comprising a locking mechanism to safely secure medical waste.

39. A device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, selected from the group consisting of syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and ink or toner cartridges, comprising:• A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHA, cellulose- based PH, PCL, PBT, GPE and GPET, algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus;• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to provide a homogeneous bioplastic.

40. A medical device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, being at least one of a multi-dose syringe, a sharps container, or a suction canister, comprising:• A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET); algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp, Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina latissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus;• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to provide a generally homogeneous bioplastic.

41. A device according to claim 40, being a multi -dose syringe, comprising:A body made substantially of PLA;A green dosage label for compostability indication;A biodegradable needle cap formed from the same resin material.

42. A medical device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, being at least one of a multi-dose syringe, a sharps container, or a suction canister, comprising:• A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose-based PH, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBT), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), green polyethylene (GPE), and green polyethylene terephthalate (GPET);• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to provide a generally homogeneous bioplastic.

43. A device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, selected from the group consisting of syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and ink or toner cartridges, comprising:• A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHA, PCL, PBT, GPE and GPET, algae such as spirulina and other microalgae, Spirulina sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Saccharina lalissima, humic substance, leonardite, fruit and vegetable, plant waste, potatoes, sugar beets, rice waste, straw plant material, plant seeds, seed waste, plant leaves, cactus;• A plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic.

44. A device according to claim 43, wherein the biodegradable resin is PLA present in an amount of 40-60% by weight.

45. A device according to claim 43, wherein the biodegradable resin is PHA present in an amount of 20-40% by weight.

46. A disposable medical or industrial device formed from bioplastic according to claim 19, selected from the group consisting of syringes, sharps containers, suction canisters, and packaging materials, comprising:A biodegradable resin selected from the group consisting of PLA, PHA, PBS, PCL, GPE, and GPET;A plasticizer mixed with the resin to form a homogeneous bioplastic.

47. A method for the disposal of a device made of biodegradable resin, comprising the process steps of:• Sterilizing the device;• Grinding the device;• Composting the shredded material into an environmentally friendly compost product.

48. A method according to claim 47, wherein the sterilization is performed using steam, ethylene oxide gas, or radiation.

49. A method according to claim 47, wherein the biodegradation rate is accelerated under industrial composting conditions.

50. A method according to claim 49, wherein the industrial composting conditions are applied in an industrial composting unit.

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