Dynamic submarine cable, monitoring system and monitoring method therefor

Abstract

A dynamic submarine cable, a monitoring system, and a monitoring method therefor, relating to the technical field of submarine cables. The dynamic submarine cable comprises: at least two cable sections; at least one factory joint, wherein two adjacent cable sections are connected by means of the factory joint; and a plurality of detection members, wherein the detection members are arranged on at least one of the factory joint and the cable sections, and the detection members are used for detecting at least one of stress and vibration experienced by the cable sections. By using the detection members to detect at least one of stress and vibration experienced by the cable sections, the state of the submarine cable can be detected uniformly and comprehensively, thereby improving the detection accuracy. The detection members can detect the working load and dynamic change of the cable sections in marine environments, so that the working state of the submarine cable can be monitored in real time, thereby facilitating prolonging the service life of the submarine cable.

Description

A dynamic submarine cable, monitoring system and monitoring method Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of submarine cable technology, and in particular to a dynamic submarine cable, a monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Submarine cables play a vital role in modern communication and power transmission, especially in cross-sea communication and power transmission in offshore wind farms. Operating in complex marine environments, submarine cables often face various challenges, such as ocean currents, tides, seabed topography changes, and ship anchoring. These factors can cause mechanical stress and vibration on the cables, adversely affecting their structural integrity and functional reliability, and in severe cases, even leading to cable failure.

[0003] In related technologies, stress monitoring equipment is usually installed on submarine cables to detect them. However, due to the relatively large span and long extension of submarine cables, stress monitoring equipment is difficult to monitor the stress and vibration of the submarine cables as a whole, resulting in poor detection accuracy and unsatisfactory actual monitoring effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a dynamic submarine cable, a monitoring system, and a monitoring method thereof to solve the technical problem that stress monitoring equipment in related technologies is unable to comprehensively monitor the stress and vibration of submarine cables.

[0005] On the one hand, this application provides a dynamic submarine cable, comprising:

[0006] At least two cable segments;

[0007] At least one factory connector is provided, through which two adjacent cable segments are connected;

[0008] Multiple detection elements are disposed on at least one of the cable segment and the factory connector, and the detection elements are used to detect at least one of stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the factory connector includes:

[0010] The connecting conductor is wrapped with a first conductor shielding layer on the outside;

[0011] A first insulating layer covers the first conductor shielding layer, and the first insulating layer extends outward along the axial direction of the connecting conductor to form a gradually expanding guide interface, the guide interface being configured to engage with the cable segment.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the connecting conductor includes a center conductor and a plurality of stranded conductors twisted together with the center conductor. The reserved lengths of the stranded conductors gradually decrease and the radii of the stranded conductors gradually increase as they extend outward along the radial direction of the center conductor.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the outer diameters of two adjacent cable segments are different, and the opposite ends of the two adjacent cable segments are respectively connected to the connecting conductor through the guide interface.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the cable segment includes at least one optical fiber unit and three cable cores, the optical fiber unit being located between two adjacent cable cores, the optical fiber unit forming the detection element.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the at least two cable segments include a land segment and a submarine segment, and the factory connector connecting the land segment and the submarine segment is a flexible connector;

[0016] The end of the factory connector is provided with a flexible sheath layer, which is configured to wrap the joint portion of the optical fiber unit and the factory connector.

[0017] In some possible implementations, multiple detection elements are provided within the same cable segment, each detection element being used to connect to an external detection terminal, and the multiple detection elements include stress monitoring elements and vibration detection elements.

[0018] On the other hand, embodiments of this application provide a monitoring system for a dynamic submarine cable, including: a dynamic submarine cable as described in any of the preceding claims, and a monitoring device; wherein the monitoring device is disposed at both ends of the dynamic submarine cable, and the monitoring device is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of each detection component in real time, and to compare the real-time monitoring data with the set reference data to monitor the dynamic submarine cable.

[0019] Furthermore, embodiments of this application provide a method for monitoring dynamic submarine cables, employing the dynamic submarine cable monitoring system described above. The method includes:

[0020] For each test piece, the stress value of the corresponding cable segment is obtained once at a preset time interval;

[0021] For each test piece, the acquired stress value is transmitted to the monitoring device;

[0022] The monitoring device compares the stress value with the reference stress value to determine the stress state of each cable segment.

[0023] The monitoring equipment displays the stress status of each cable segment on a large screen for maintenance personnel to monitor.

[0024] In some possible implementations, comparing the stress value with a reference stress value to determine the stress state of each cable segment includes:

[0025] The monitoring device calculates the stress difference based on the stress value and the reference stress value.

[0026] When the monitoring device detects that the stress difference is less than or equal to the first preset limit, it determines that the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is normal.

[0027] When the detected stress difference is greater than the first preset limit and less than the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be torsion.

[0028] When the stress difference is detected to be greater than or equal to the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be rupture.

[0029] In some possible implementations, for a target cable segment where the stress state of the cable segment is torsional, the method further includes:

[0030] The monitoring equipment controls the detection device of the target cable segment to acquire a vibration value every preset time interval;

[0031] The detection device of the target cable segment will send the acquired vibration value to the monitoring equipment;

[0032] The monitoring equipment determines the vibration state of the target cable segment based on the vibration value.

[0033] The monitoring device determines whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within a preset vibration threshold.

[0034] If the monitoring device detects that the vibration state of the target cable segment exceeds a preset vibration threshold, it will simultaneously send stress alarm and vibration alarm to the maintenance personnel's terminal for the target cable segment.

[0035] In some possible implementations, determining whether the vibration state of the target cable segment falls within a preset vibration threshold includes:

[0036] Obtain the accumulated vibration values ​​of the target cable segment within the current preset time period, and generate the first vibration value curve of the target cable segment based on each vibration value;

[0037] The vibration values ​​accumulated by the target cable segment within the previous preset time period are obtained, and a second vibration curve of the target cable segment is generated based on the vibration values.

[0038] By comparing the trend differences between the first vibration curve and the second vibration curve, it can be determined whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within a preset vibration threshold.

[0039] The dynamic submarine cable, monitoring system, and monitoring method provided in this application embodiment are described in which two adjacent cable segments are connected by a factory connector. Since the detection element is set on at least one of the cable segment and the factory connector, the detection element is used to detect at least one of the stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment. Thus, the detection element can detect the working load and dynamic changes of the cable segment in the marine environment, thereby monitoring the working status of the submarine cable in real time, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the submarine cable. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0041] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cable segment in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the factory connector in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connecting conductor structure of the factory connector in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring system for dynamic submarine cables provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating the monitoring method for dynamic submarine cables provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 100, cable segment; 110, cable core; 111, cable conductor; 112, second conductor shielding layer; 113, second insulation layer; 114, insulation shield; 115, first semiconducting resistive water tape; 116, metallic shielding layer; 117, second semiconducting resistive water tape; 118, phase separation sheath; 119, irregular filling bracket; 120, cabling wrapping tape; 121, inner sheath; 122, armor layer; 123, armor padding layer; 124, outer wrapping tape; 125, outer sheath; 130, testing component; 200, factory connector; 210, connecting conductor; 220, first conductor shielding layer; 230, first insulation layer; 231, guiding interface; 240, flexible sheath layer; 211, center conductor; 212, stranded conductor; 213, welded segment; 300, monitoring equipment.

[0047] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0051] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0053] Submarine cables play a vital role in modern communication and power transmission, especially in cross-sea communication and power transmission in offshore wind farms. Operating in complex marine environments, submarine cables often face various challenges, such as ocean currents, tides, seabed topography changes, and ship anchoring. These factors can cause mechanical stress and vibration on the cables, adversely affecting their structural integrity and functional reliability, and in severe cases, even leading to cable failure.

[0054] In related technologies, stress monitoring equipment is usually installed on submarine cables to detect them. However, due to the relatively large span and long extension of submarine cables, stress monitoring equipment is difficult to monitor the stress and vibration of the submarine cables as a whole, resulting in poor detection accuracy and unsatisfactory actual monitoring effect.

[0055] Based on the above description, one or more embodiments of this application provide a dynamic submarine cable, a monitoring system, and a monitoring method thereof. In the dynamic submarine cable, two adjacent cable segments are connected by a factory connector. Since a detection element is set on at least one of the cable segment and the factory connector, the detection element is used to detect at least one of the stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment. Thus, the detection element can detect the working load and dynamic changes of the cable segment in the marine environment, thereby monitoring the working status of the submarine cable in real time, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the submarine cable.

[0056] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this application embodiment provides a dynamic submarine cable, which includes at least two cable segments 100, at least one factory connector 200, and multiple detection elements 130. Two adjacent cable segments 100 are connected via the factory connector 200. The multiple detection elements 130 are disposed on at least one of the cable segments 100 and the factory connector 200, and are used to detect at least one of the stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment 100.

[0058] It is important to note that dynamic submarine cables are submarine cable systems designed for use in marine environments, particularly in the deep sea or areas of active marine activity, where they need to adapt to dynamic movements caused by factors such as currents, waves, and temperature variations. Unlike traditional static submarine cables, dynamic submarine cables are designed to account for the constantly changing dynamic forces in the marine environment, such as tension, bending, vibration, and stress variations. Therefore, they typically require greater flexibility, durability, and the ability to adapt to these environmental changes.

[0059] The dynamic submarine cable of this application embodiment uses multiple detection elements 130 to detect at least one of the stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment 100. This enables real-time monitoring of the submarine cable's operation. When the submarine cable is subjected to overload or abnormal vibration, the detection elements 130 can provide early warnings to detect problems in a timely manner and avoid potential failures. In addition, submarine cables experience different environmental changes such as tides, currents, and waves underwater. By setting detection elements 130 in at least one of the cable segment 100 and the factory joint 200, multiple detection elements 130 can perform more comprehensive and accurate detection on long submarine cables, further avoiding information loss or misjudgment due to the existence of detection blind spots.

[0060] As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the cable segment 100 includes at least one optical fiber unit and three cable cores 110, the optical fiber unit being located between two adjacent cable cores 110, and the optical fiber unit forming the detection element 130.

[0061] For example, cable segment 100 is a three-core AC fiber optic composite cable, which includes three cable cores 110 and one fiber optic unit. Cable core 110 includes a cable conductor 111, a second conductor shielding layer 112, a second insulation layer 113, an insulation shield 114, a first semiconducting resistive water tape 115, a metallic shielding layer 116, a second semiconducting resistive water tape 117, and a phase-separating sheath 118.

[0062] The cable conductor 111 is the main conductive element used to transmit current. The cable conductor 111 is made of copper or aluminum, which have high conductivity and good processing performance. It is generally a round single-wire stranded conductor 212. Water-blocking material is filled between each layer of stranded single wires or in the stranding gaps to provide longitudinal water blocking. In some embodiments, the cable core 110 with a large cross-section, such as a cable core 110 with a cross-sectional size exceeding 1800 mm², may use a linear conductor. This is not an absolute limitation in the embodiments of this application.

[0063] For example, the second insulation layer 113 is used to isolate the high-voltage electrode from the ground electrode. The second insulation layer 113 needs to have excellent electrical properties, heat resistance and anti-aging properties, which directly determines whether the quality and electrical properties of the submarine cable can meet the long-term operational reliability of the power transmission system of the corresponding voltage level. Here, medium and low voltage dynamic submarine cables of 66kV and below generally use cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation material with anti-water tree function to meet the long-term underwater operation performance requirements of wet structure submarine cables.

[0064] Furthermore, for medium- and high-voltage dynamic cables above 66kV, the surfaces of the cable conductor 111 and the second insulation layer 113 need to be extruded with semi-conductive shielding material to make the dielectric interface facing the second insulation layer 113 as smooth as possible. This ensures that stable and smooth dielectric surfaces are formed between the second insulation layer 113 and the cable conductor 111, and between the second insulation layer 113 and the metal shielding layer 116. The three-layer protective structure of "second conductor shielding layer 112 - second insulation layer 113 - insulation shielding layer 114" constitutes the insulation system of the submarine cable, ensuring that the second insulation layer 113 is protected from the influence of internal and external structures, which is beneficial to improving the electric field distribution on the surface of the metal electrode and increasing the dielectric strength of the insulation surface.

[0065] The first semiconducting resistive water tape 115 and the second semiconducting resistive water tape 117 mentioned above use wrapped semiconducting water-absorbing and expanding tape for longitudinal water blocking. The inside of the cable conductor 111 and the outside of the insulation shield 114 layer are filled with semiconducting resistive water points. The semiconducting resistive water tape plays a role in longitudinal water blocking, preventing water from penetrating longitudinally and ensuring the product performance of the submarine cable during operation. In addition, the first semiconducting resistive water tape 115 and the second semiconducting resistive water tape 117 also play a role in protecting the insulated core and ensuring the electrical connection between the metal shield layer 116 and the insulated core.

[0066] For medium- and low-voltage dynamic submarine cables of 66kV and below, the metallic shielding layer 116 is generally made of copper wire or copper strip. For high-voltage dynamic submarine cables above 66kV, the metallic shielding layer 116 is generally a corrugated copper sheath structure. The corrugated copper sheath structure is wrapped or longitudinally welded to the outside of the insulating shielding core 114, serving functions such as short-circuit current discharge, mechanical protection, and electric field shielding. It acts as a low-voltage electrode of the working electric field, providing a path for capacitive current and fault current. The corrugated copper sheath structure also provides good radial water-blocking sealing.

[0067] In some embodiments, a shaped filler bracket 119 is also provided inside the cable segment 100. The shaped filler bracket 119 is used to compress the optical fiber unit and the cable core 110, so that they are firmly fixed in the cable segment 100. In addition, the cable segment 100 also includes a cabling wrapping tape 120, an inner sheath 121, an armor layer 122, and an outer sheath 125 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. When connecting the factory connector 200 to the cable segment 100, it is necessary to first peel off the above-mentioned structures to expose the cable conductor 111 so that the cable conductor 111 can be connected to the connecting conductor 210 of the factory connector 200.

[0068] Furthermore, the aforementioned armor layer 122 has two layers, separated by an armor pad 123, and wrapped and separated between the armor layer 122 and the outer sheath 125 by an outer wrapping tape 124. Here, the armor layer 122 can be made of stranded steel wire armor, or formed by stranding high-performance synthetic fiber materials. The wrapping tape can be made of polyester tape, aluminum foil tape, carbon fiber tape, or glass fiber tape, etc. By setting two armor layers 122, the resistance to mechanical impact, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the cable segment 100 can be further improved, as well as the cable's protection effects in terms of puncture resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, and high temperature resistance.

[0069] The three cable cores 110 and the optical fiber unit are assembled together using a planetary mechanical assembly. The optical fiber unit is inserted between two power cable cores 110 to protect the optical cable from compression and deformation. The gaps are filled with a non-hygroscopic soft material, and the filling should be tight to ensure a circular appearance.

[0070] In the above embodiments, the optical fiber unit is used as a detection element 130. Multiple detection elements 130 are provided in the same cable segment 100. Each detection element 130 is used to connect to an external detection terminal. Among the multiple detection elements 130, there are stress monitoring elements and vibration detection elements 130.

[0071] Correspondingly, there are multiple fiber optic units, located between two adjacent cable cores 110 and fixed by compression from the cable cores 110. The multiple fiber optic units correspond to different detection functions. For example, one fiber optic unit uses a fiber Bragg grating sensor, utilizing a small section of the fiber core that reflects light signals of a specific wavelength. When the fiber is subjected to stress or deformation, the reflected wavelength in this section changes. The received wavelength change signal is used to measure the strain and stress of the dynamic submarine cable.

[0072] For example, the dynamic submarine cable is provided with two optical fiber units: one optical fiber unit is used as a stress detection element 130, and the other optical fiber unit is used as a vibration monitoring element. Of course, other types of detection optical fibers can be used for the optical fiber units, and this embodiment of the application does not impose an absolute limitation on this.

[0073] As shown in Figure 2, in some embodiments, the factory connector 200 includes a connecting conductor 210 and a first insulating layer 230. The connecting conductor 210 is wrapped with a first conductor shielding layer 220; the first insulating layer 230 covers the first conductor shielding layer 220, and the first insulating layer 230 extends outward along the axial direction of the connecting conductor 210 to form a gradually expanding guide interface 231, the guide interface 231 being configured to engage with the cable segment 100.

[0074] In the above embodiment, the guide interfaces 231 at both ends of the factory connector 200 are approximately cone-shaped with their tips facing each other. The docking ends of the cable segments 100 can smoothly transition into the factory connector 200 through the guidance of the guide interfaces 231. Since the outer diameters of two adjacent cable segments 100 are different, the outwardly expanding guide interfaces 231 enable the factory connector 200 to effectively adapt to cable segments 100 with different outer diameters, thereby avoiding the problem of docking difficulties caused by outer diameter deviation.

[0075] Furthermore, the outer diameters of two adjacent cable segments 100 are different, and the opposite ends of two adjacent cable segments 100 are respectively connected to the connecting conductor 210 through the guide interface 231. The at least two cable segments 100 include a land segment and a submarine segment, and the factory connector 200 connecting the land segment and the submarine segment is a flexible connector.

[0076] In related technologies, non-uniform cross-section cable cores are generally connected using field-applied hard connectors. Hard connectors are not only expensive, but also have poor product reliability and long manufacturing cycles. In this embodiment, by using soft connectors to connect non-uniform cross-section cables, the compatibility of the factory connector 200 can be improved, and the reliability of non-uniform cross-section cable connectors can be effectively improved.

[0077] As shown in Figure 3, the connecting conductor 210 of the factory connector 200 includes a center conductor 211 and a plurality of stranded conductors 212 twisted with the center conductor 211. Along the radial direction of the center conductor 211 outward, the reserved length of the stranded conductors 212 gradually decreases, and the radius of the stranded conductors 212 gradually increases.

[0078] Furthermore, the aforementioned connecting conductor 210 includes two center conductors 211, each with a stranded conductor 212 twisted onto it. The two center conductors 211 are arranged opposite each other and welded together. Since the reserved lengths of the stranded conductors 212 gradually decrease, the connected center conductors 211 have a certain amount of redundant movement space in the middle region, giving the factory joint 200 a certain degree of deformation and bending performance, thus achieving the function of a flexible joint. Moreover, because the radius of the stranded conductors 212 increases radially outwards, the structure of the stranded conductors 212 ensures the overall connection strength of the factory joint 200, guaranteeing its connection reliability.

[0079] The aforementioned connecting conductor 210 is used to form an electrical connection with the cable segment 100. For optical fiber units, two adjacent optical fiber units are connected by optical fiber fusion splicing. As can be seen from Figure 2, the welding segment 213 located in the central region is the connection and mating of two connecting conductors 210.

[0080] In some embodiments, the end of the factory connector 200 is provided with a flexible sheath layer 240, which is configured to enclose the joint portion of the optical fiber unit and the factory connector 200.

[0081] The flexible sheath layer 240 can be made of polyethylene or silicone rubber. Generally, the flexible sheath layer 240 is made of heat-shrinkable material. After the factory connector 200 is connected to the cable segment 100, heating is used to make the flexible sheath layer 240 tightly wrap the joint part of the connector, forming a strong seal protection. At the same time, since the sheath layer is flexible, the flexible sheath layer 240 can effectively alleviate the stress concentration problem caused by external environmental factors such as tension, bending or vibration in the joint area.

[0082] Generally, since cable segment 100 includes three cable cores 110, the factory connector 200 should also have three connecting conductors 210, which are connected one-to-one with the cable cores 110. Preferably, the connection positions of the three connecting conductors 210 and the three cable cores 110 are staggered to avoid the connection points of the cable cores 110 all being located in the same position, resulting in an excessively large diameter at the cable connection. Furthermore, the connection point is usually a weak point in the submarine cable, and it is more prone to overheating when current flows through it. Staggering the connection points elongates the connection point of the three-core cable, preventing severe overheating at the same location and improving the cable's load-bearing capacity.

[0083] In the actual operation, firstly, the cable core 110 of the stripped end of cable segment 100 is cut into a pencil-tip-shaped cone. The cable conductor 111 in the middle of the cable core 110 is exposed. The guide interface 231 is fitted onto the cable core 110, and the cable conductor 111 is layered, welded, and polished to correspond to the center conductor 211 and stranded conductor 212 of the factory connector 200. The second insulation layer 113 of the cable core 110 is scraped to form a gradually concave cone shape, forming a smooth end face with the insulation shield 114 layer. It is then heated and cooled to obtain a cone shape that matches the guide interface 231. Semiconductor resistance water tape is wrapped around the polished conductor surface, heated, cooled, and then polished before injection molding. The flexible sheath layer 240 is heated on the factory connector 200 to completely wrap the joint between the factory connector 200 and the cable segment 100, thus connecting the two cable segments 100.

[0084] Referring to Figure 4, this application embodiment also provides a monitoring system for a dynamic submarine cable, including: the dynamic submarine cable of the above embodiments, and a monitoring device 300. The monitoring device 300 is disposed at both ends of the dynamic submarine cable, and is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of each detection component, and compare the real-time monitoring data with set reference data to monitor the dynamic submarine cable.

[0085] Specifically, the stress and vibration of cable segment 100 of the dynamic submarine cable are detected through fiber optic units to obtain the stress and vibration values ​​of the cable segment. The fiber optic units of each cable segment transmit the stress and vibration values ​​to any monitoring device 300 through the fiber optic units of multiple intermediate cable segments. The monitoring device 300 monitors the stress and vibration of the dynamic submarine cable based on the temperature value.

[0086] In summary, by establishing a communication connection with the dynamic submarine cable through monitoring equipment, it is possible to monitor the stress and vibration of each cable segment and the entire cable.

[0087] Referring to Figure 5, this application embodiment also provides a method for monitoring dynamic submarine cables, employing the dynamic submarine cable monitoring system shown in Figure 4. The method includes:

[0088] S51: For each test piece, the stress value of the corresponding cable segment is obtained once at a preset time interval.

[0089] In this embodiment, the detection element (fiber optic unit) corresponding to each cable segment acquires the stress value of the corresponding cable segment once every preset time interval.

[0090] The fiber optic unit can be equipped with a stress sensor.

[0091] It should be noted that the preset time interval can be 30 seconds or 60 seconds.

[0092] S52: For each test piece, the acquired stress value is transmitted to the monitoring equipment.

[0093] In this embodiment, the detection element (fiber optic unit) corresponding to each cable segment transmits the acquired stress value to the monitoring device.

[0094] It should be noted that the detection component (fiber optic unit) can transmit the acquired stress value to the monitoring equipment every 30 or 60 seconds.

[0095] S53: Monitoring equipment that compares stress values ​​with reference stress values ​​to determine the stress state of each cable segment.

[0096] In one embodiment of this application, step S53 specifically includes S531-S534:

[0097] S531: Monitoring equipment calculates the stress difference based on the stress value and the reference stress value.

[0098] The reference stress value can be set according to the manufacturing standards of the dynamic submarine cable. The absolute value of the difference between the stress value and the reference stress value is defined as the stress difference value.

[0099] S532: When the monitoring equipment detects that the stress difference is less than or equal to the first preset limit, it determines that the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is normal.

[0100] S533: When the stress difference is detected to be greater than the first preset limit and less than the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be torsion.

[0101] S534: When the stress difference is detected to be greater than or equal to the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be rupture.

[0102] In this embodiment, the first preset limit is less than the second preset limit.

[0103] Among them, the stress state is torsion, which refers to the torsion phenomenon that occurs when a dynamic submarine cable is subjected to external factors. Torsion may cause structural damage, performance degradation or even failure of the dynamic submarine cable.

[0104] Among them, the stress state of rupture can be a fracture phenomenon caused by the aggravation of dynamic submarine cable torsion or other external forces.

[0105] S54: Monitoring equipment that displays the stress status of each cable segment on a large screen for maintenance personnel to monitor.

[0106] In this embodiment, the stress state of the cable segments of the virtual dynamic submarine cable model is displayed on the large screen of the monitoring equipment. By observing the stress state of each cable segment on the large screen, the operation and maintenance personnel can monitor the stress of the AC submarine cable.

[0107] In summary, monitoring the stress state of cable segments using testing components and monitoring equipment can help maintenance personnel monitor the stress state of dynamic submarine cables.

[0108] In one embodiment of this application, the monitoring method for the above-described dynamic submarine cable, for a target cable segment whose stress state is torsion, further includes the following steps:

[0109] S61: Monitoring equipment, a detection component for controlling the target cable segment, which acquires vibration values ​​at preset time intervals.

[0110] In this embodiment, the detection device (fiber optic unit) corresponding to the target cable segment acquires the vibration value of the corresponding cable segment once every preset time interval.

[0111] Vibration sensors can be configured in the fiber optic unit.

[0112] It should be noted that the time interval can be 30 seconds or 60 seconds.

[0113] The vibration value can be the vibration amplitude and / or vibration frequency.

[0114] S62: The detection device for the target cable segment sends the acquired vibration values ​​to the monitoring equipment.

[0115] In this embodiment, the detection element (fiber optic unit) corresponding to the target cable segment transmits the acquired vibration value to the monitoring device.

[0116] S63: Monitoring equipment determines the vibration status of the target cable segment based on the vibration value.

[0117] In this embodiment, based on the vibration values ​​of each cable segment, the corresponding vibration values ​​are marked at the positions of the cable segments in the virtual dynamic submarine cable model to obtain the vibration state of each cable segment.

[0118] The vibration value corresponding to the vibration status of each cable segment can be updated every 30 seconds or 60 seconds.

[0119] S64: Monitoring equipment determines whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within a preset vibration threshold.

[0120] In one embodiment of this application, step S64 specifically includes:

[0121] S641: Obtain the accumulated vibration values ​​of the target cable segment within the current preset time period, and generate the first vibration value curve of the target cable segment based on each vibration value.

[0122] S642: Obtain the accumulated vibration values ​​of the target cable segment within the previous preset time period, and generate the second vibration curve of the target cable segment based on the vibration values.

[0123] S643: Compare the trend differences between the first vibration curve and the second vibration curve to determine whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within the preset vibration threshold.

[0124] In this embodiment, the current preset duration can be the most recent day or the cumulative duration of the most recent week.

[0125] In the first vibration curve, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the vibration value.

[0126] In this embodiment, if the current preset duration is the nearest day, then the previous preset duration can be the previous day. If the current preset duration is the nearest week, then the previous preset duration can be the previous week.

[0127] It should be noted that, consistent with the first vibration curve, the horizontal axis of the second vibration curve is the time axis, and the vertical axis is the vibration value.

[0128] Specifically, the first and second vibration curves are transformed into the same coordinate system, and their initial coordinate starting points are aligned. Then, the degree of overlap between the first and second vibration curves is calculated. The degree of overlap can be calculated using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method.

[0129] Specifically, if the overlap between the first vibration curve and the second vibration curve is less than the overlap threshold, then the trend difference is determined to exceed the preset vibration threshold, that is, the cable segment is determined to have experienced abnormal vibration.

[0130] The overlap threshold can be 80% or 90%.

[0131] S65: If the monitoring equipment detects that the vibration state of the target cable segment exceeds the preset vibration threshold, it will simultaneously send stress alarm and vibration alarm to the maintenance personnel's terminal for the target cable segment.

[0132] In summary, for cable segments that have already twisted, further vibration analysis can determine whether the vibration of the twisted cable segment is abnormal. Because abnormal vibration poses a risk of further breakage of the twisted cable segment, stress alarms and vibration alarms should be used to alert maintenance personnel and prevent cable breakage.

[0133] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0134] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic submarine cable, characterized in that, include: At least two cable segments; At least one factory connector is provided, through which two adjacent cable segments are connected; Multiple detection elements are disposed on at least one of the cable segment and the factory connector, and the detection elements are used to detect at least one of stress and vibration experienced by the cable segment.

2. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 1, characterised in that, The factory connector includes: The connecting conductor is wrapped with a first conductor shielding layer on the outside; A first insulating layer covers the first conductor shielding layer, and the first insulating layer extends outward along the axial direction of the connecting conductor to form a gradually expanding guide interface, the guide interface being configured to engage with the cable segment.

3. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 2, characterised in that, The connecting conductor includes a central conductor and a plurality of stranded conductors twisted together with the central conductor. Along the radial direction of the central conductor, the reserved length of the stranded conductors gradually decreases, and the radius of the stranded conductors gradually increases.

4. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 2, characterised in that, The outer diameters of two adjacent cable segments are different, and the opposite ends of the two adjacent cable segments are respectively connected to the connecting conductor through the guide interface.

5. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable segment includes at least one optical fiber unit and three cable cores, with the optical fiber unit located between two adjacent cable cores, and the optical fiber unit forming the detection element.

6. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 5, characterised in that, The at least two cable segments include a land segment and a submarine segment, and the factory connector connecting the land segment and the submarine segment is a flexible connector. The end of the factory connector is provided with a flexible sheath layer, which is configured to wrap the joint portion of the optical fiber unit and the factory connector.

7. A dynamic submarine cable according to claim 5, characterised in that, Multiple detection elements are provided within the same cable segment, and each detection element is used to connect to an external detection terminal. The multiple detection elements include stress monitoring elements and vibration detection elements.

8. A monitoring system of a dynamic submarine cable, characterized in that, include: The dynamic submarine cable as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the monitoring equipment; The monitoring equipment is installed at both ends of the dynamic submarine cable. The monitoring equipment is used to acquire real-time monitoring data of each detection component and compare the real-time monitoring data with the set reference data to monitor the dynamic submarine cable.

9. A method of monitoring a dynamic submarine cable, employing a monitoring system of a dynamic submarine cable as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The method includes: For each test piece, the stress value of the corresponding cable segment is obtained once at a preset time interval; For each test piece, the acquired stress value is transmitted to the monitoring device; The monitoring device compares the stress value with the reference stress value to determine the stress state of each cable segment. The monitoring equipment displays the stress status of each cable segment on a large screen for maintenance personnel to monitor.

10. A method of monitoring a dynamic submarine cable according to claim 9, characterised in that, The step of comparing the stress value with the reference stress value to determine the stress state of each cable segment includes: The monitoring device calculates the stress difference based on the stress value and the reference stress value. When the monitoring device detects that the stress difference is less than or equal to the first preset limit, it determines that the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is normal. When the detected stress difference is greater than the first preset limit and less than the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be torsion. When the stress difference is detected to be greater than or equal to the second preset limit, the stress state of the corresponding cable segment is determined to be rupture.

11. A method of monitoring a dynamic submarine cable according to claim 10, characterised in that, For a target cable segment where the stress state is torsional, the method further includes: The monitoring equipment controls the detection device of the target cable segment to acquire a vibration value every preset time interval; The detection device of the target cable segment will send the acquired vibration value to the monitoring equipment; The monitoring equipment determines the vibration state of the target cable segment based on the vibration value. The monitoring device determines whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within a preset vibration threshold. If the monitoring device detects that the vibration state of the target cable segment exceeds a preset vibration threshold, it will simultaneously send stress alarm and vibration alarm to the maintenance personnel's terminal for the target cable segment.

12. A method of monitoring a dynamic submarine cable according to claim 11, characterised in that, The step of determining whether the vibration state of the target cable segment falls within a preset vibration threshold includes: Obtain the accumulated vibration values ​​of the target cable segment within the current preset time period, and generate the first vibration value curve of the target cable segment based on each vibration value; The vibration values ​​accumulated by the target cable segment within the previous preset time period are obtained, and a second vibration curve of the target cable segment is generated based on the vibration values. By comparing the trend differences between the first vibration curve and the second vibration curve, it can be determined whether the vibration state of the target cable segment is within a preset vibration threshold.

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