Oil dispersion formulations
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078852
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
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Figure PCTCN2025078852-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025078852-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025078852-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
OIL DISPERSION FORMULATIONSTechnical Field
[0001] The disclosure relates to generally to dispersion formulations and in particular to oil dispersion formulations.Background
[0002] Oil dispersion (OD) formulations are liquid agricultural formulations that suspend solid active ingredients in water-immiscible fluids. These formulations offer advantages such as improved efficacy, spreadability, and durability due to their high oil content and better affinity with plant leaves. They are especially beneficial for water-sensitive active ingredients. However, OD formulations face stability challenges, primarily sedimentation and phase separation. The density difference between the oil phase and solid particles, governed by Stokes' Law, contributes to sedimentation. Additionally, increasing viscosity to prevent sedimentation can lead to poor processibility, caking and oil syneresis. To address these issues, specially designed dispersants and emulsifiers are needed in the art. Specifically, what is needed are effective dispersant packages that can help create uniform dispersions with smaller particle sizes, narrow particle size distributions, and improved storage and emulsion stability.Summary
[0003] The present disclosure provides for an oil dispersion (OD) formulation that addresses the above identified issues of stability challenges, primarily sedimentation and phase separation. Specifically, the present disclosure provides for specially designed dispersants that help address the instability challenges in the OD formulation, along with helping to produce uniform dispersions with small particle sizes, narrower particle size distributions and better storage and emulsion stability.
[0004] For the various embodiments, the present disclosure provides for an OD formulation that comprises a composition that includes (a) 10 to 90 weight percent (wt. %) of a plant oil or its derivatives; (b) 5 to 25 wt. %of an PO-EO non-ionic surfactant; (c) 1 to 20 wt. %of an EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant; (d) 1 to 20 wt. %of an anionic surfactant; (e) 1 to 30 wt. %of a PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant having a weight average molecular weight of at least 5000 g / mol; and (f) and 1 to 40 wt. %of a non-oil soluble active ingredient; where the wt. %are based on the total weight of the oil dispersion formulation and where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0005] For the various embodiments, the PO-EO non-ionic surfactant is Formula I:
[0006] where R1 is a linear or branch C4 to C20 alkyl; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 50 and z is an integer of 0 to 30. Preferably, for Formula I, R1 is a linear or branch C4 to C14 alkyl; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 20.
[0007] For the various embodiments, the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant is Formula II:
[0008] where R is hydrogen or a linear or branch C4 to C14 alkyl; a is an integer of 1 to 60, b is an integer of 1 to 60 and c is an integer of 1 to 60. Preferably, for Formula II a is an integer of 1 to 20, b is an integer of 20 to 60 and c is an integer of 20 to 60.
[0009] For the various embodiments, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is Formula III:
[0010] where R is a C3 to C6 alkyl; p is an integer of 3 to 6 and each of m, n, and k is independently an integer where m is 0 to 80; n is 1 to 50, and k is 1 to 80. Preferably, for Formula III R is a C6 alkyl and p is 6. For the various embodiments, Formula III can also have the structure of Formula IV:
[0011] where each m is, independently, 0 to 80; each n is, independently, 1 to 50, and each k is, independently, 1 to 80. For the various embodiments, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant of Formula III can have a weight average molecular weight of greater than 6000 g / mol. Preferably, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant of Formula III can have a weight average molecular weight of greater than 8000 g / mol.
[0012] For the various embodiments, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is dispersible in an oil phase of the oil dispersion formulation. For the various embodiments, the oil is methyl oleate. For the various embodiments, the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be selected from the group consisting of a herbicide, a pesticide, a fungicide and a combination thereof. For the various embodiments, the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sulfosuccinate and combinations thereof.Detailed Description
[0013] The present disclosure provides for an oil dispersion (OD) formulation that addresses the above identified issues of stability challenges, primarily sedimentation and phase separation. Specifically, the present disclosure provides for specially designed dispersants that help address the instability challenges in the OD formulation, along with helping to produce uniform dispersions with small particle sizes, narrower particle size distributions and better storage and emulsion stability.
[0014] For the various embodiments, the present disclosure provides for an oil dispersion (OD) formulation that comprises a composition that includes (a) 10 to 90 weight percent (wt. %) of a plant oil or its derivatives; (b) 5 to 25 wt. %of an PO-EO non-ionic surfactant; (c) 1 to 20 wt. %of an EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant; (d) 1 to 20 wt. %of an anionic surfactant; (e) 1 to 30 wt. %of a PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant having a weight average molecular weight of at least 5000 g / mol; and (f) and 1 to 40 wt. %of a non-oil soluble active ingredient; where the wt. %are based on the total weight of the oil dispersion formulation and where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %. Each of (a) through (f) are discussed more fully herein.
[0015] As used herein, “PO” as used in (b) , (c) and (e) represents the moiety formed from propylene oxide.
[0016] As used herein, “EO” as used in (b) , (c) and (e) represents the moiety formed from ethylene oxide.
[0017] For the present disclosure, the following provides differentiating aspects of a surfactant and a dispersant as used herein. Dispersants have a higher molecular weight as compared to the surfactants of the present disclosure. Dispersants also preferably include multiple functional groups, and so have multiple functionality. The dispersants work to stabilize particles in the oil phase, where the density difference between the particle and the oil phase is larger than between the particle and the water in the dispersion. The dispersant with its higher molecular weight, relative to the surfactant, helps to stabilize the particle in the oil phase. In contrast, the surfactant acts as an emulsifier when diluting the formulation into water. As a result, the dispersant and the surfactant as used in the present disclosure perform different tasks, where the dispersant stabilizes particle in the oil phase and the surfactant emulsifies the total formulation into the oil phase once the formulation is applied to the plant surface.
[0018] As used herein, the terms “a, ” “an, ” “the, ” “at least one, ” and “one or more” are used interchangeably. The terms “comprises” and “includes” and variations thereof do not have a limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and claims. Thus, for example, “a” material can be interpreted to mean “one or more” materials, and a composition that “includes” or “comprises” a material can be interpreted to mean that the composition includes things in addition to the material.
[0019] The recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints include all numbers subsumed within that range, e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc.
[0020] The term “about” as used herein means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. When the term “about” is used in describing a value or an end-point of a range, the disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or end-point referred to. Whether or not a numerical value or end-point of a range in the specification recites “about, ” the numerical value or end-point of a range is intended to include two embodiments: one modified by “about, ” and one not modified by “about. ” It will be further understood that the end-points of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other end-point, and independently of the other end-point.
[0021] Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight.
[0022] (a) Plant Oil or its Derivatives
[0023] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes (a) 10 to 90 wt. %of a plant oil or its derivatives. All individual values and subranges from 10 to 90 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of the plant oil or its derivatives can be from a lower limit of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 wt. %to an upper limit of 70, 80 or 90 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of the plant oil or its derivatives can be from 30 to 90 wt. %; from 40 to 90 wt. %; 50 to 90 wt. %; or 60 to 90 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (a) the plant oil or its derivatives in the composition can be from 20 to 90 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0024] For the various embodiments, the plant oil or its derivatives can be, by way of example, corn, sunflower, peanut, olive, grape seed, tung, turnip, soybean, cottonseed, walnut, palm, castor, earth almond, hazelnut, avocado, sesame, croton tiglium, cacao, linseed, rapeseed, and canola oils and their transesterified derivatives. For the various embodiments, the transesterified derivatives can be derived from known processes in which the glycerol of the triglyceride from the plant oil is replaced with a different alcohol, preferably, a lower mono-alkanol, namely, a C1 to C12 mono-alkanol. Process conditions and catalysts for the transesterification of oils are well known in the art. More preferably, the fatty acid ester is derived from a C8 to C25 unsaturated fatty acid and a C1 to C8 mono-alcohol. Even more preferably, the fatty acid ester is a C8 to C25 unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester. Preferably, the plant oil of the present disclosure is methyl oleate.
[0025] (b) PO-EO Non-Ionic Surfactant
[0026] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes (b) 5 to 25 wt. %of an PO-EO non-ionic surfactant. All individual values and subranges from 5 to 25 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of the plant oil or its derivatives can be from a lower limit of 5, 6, 7 or 8 wt. %to an upper limit of 10, 15, 20 or 25 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of (b) the PO-EO non-ionic surfactant can be from 5 to 20 wt. %; from 5 to 15 wt. %; 5 to 10 wt. %; or 7 to 10 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (b) the PO-EO non-ionic surfactant in the composition can be from 5 to 15 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0027] For the various embodiments, the PO-EO non-ionic surfactant is Formula I:
[0028] where R1 is a linear or branch C4 to C20 alkyl; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 50 and z is an integer of 0 to 30. For the various embodiments, the values of x, y and / or z can be varied as detailed herein. For instance, in some embodiments x is an integer from 1 to 10. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 10 are included; for example, x can be from a lower limit of about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 to an upper limit of about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, or 5. For instance, in some embodiments x can be an integer from 1 to 10, an integer from 3 to 7, an integer from 3 to 6, or an integer from 3 to 5. In some embodiments x can be equal to about 5.
[0029] In some embodiments, y is an integer from 1 to 50. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 50 are included; for example, y can be from a lower limit of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 or 10, or 11 to an upper limit of about 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 or 50. For instance, in some embodiments y can be an integer from 1 to 40, from 1 to 30, from 1 to 20, or an integer from 1 to 15. In some embodiments y can be equal to 6 or 9 or equal to 14.
[0030] In some embodiments z is an integer from 0 to 30. All individual values and subranges from 0 to 30 are included; for example, z can be from a lower limit of 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 to an upper limit of 30, 25, 20, 15, 14, or 10. For instance, in some embodiments z is an integer from 0 to 20, an integer from 5 to 30, an integer from 1 to 25, an integer from 5 to 25, an integer from 10 to 25, or an integer from 15 to 25. In some embodiments z can be equal to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25.
[0031] In various embodiments R1 is a linear C4 to C20 alkyl chain or a branched C4 to C20 alkyl chain. That is, in some embodiments R1 is a branched C4-C18 alkyl chain. However, in some embodiments R1 can be a linear C4-C18 alkyl chain. In some embodiments R1 can be formed of a branched alkyl with each branch having a length of two carbons or more.
[0032] Preferably, for Formula I, R1 is a linear C4 to C14 alkyl chain or a branch C4 to C14 alkyl chain; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 20 and z is 0.
[0033] Example of commercially available PO-EO non-ionic surfactants include ECOSURFTM EH-9 or ECOSURFTM EH-14, secondary alcohol ethoxylates, both available from the Dow Chemical Company.
[0034] (c) EO-PO-EO Copolymer Non-Ionic Dispersant
[0035] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes (c) 1 to 20 wt. %of an EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 20 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant can be from a lower limit of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt. %to an upper limit of 10, 15 or 20 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant can be from 1 to 15 wt. %; from 1 to 10 wt. %; 5 to 20 wt. %; or 5 to 15 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant in the composition can be from 1 to 10 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0036] For the various embodiments, (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant is Formula II:
[0037] where R is hydrogen or a linear or branch C4 to C14 alkyl; a is an integer of 1 to 60, b is an integer of 1 to 60 and c is an integer of 1 to 60. For the various embodiments, the values of a, b and / or c can be varied as detailed herein. For instance, in some embodiments a is an integer from 1 to 60. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 60 are included; for example, a can be from a lower limit of about 1, 2, 5 or 10 to an upper limit of about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60. For instance, in some embodiments a can be an integer from 1 to 50, an integer from 1 to 40, an integer from 1 to 30, or an integer from 1 to 20.
[0038] In some embodiments, b is an integer from 1 to 60. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 60 are included; for example, b can be from a lower limit of about 1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 to an upper limit of about 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60. For instance, in some embodiments b can be an integer from 5 to 60, an integer from 10 to 60, or an integer from 20 to 60.
[0039] In some embodiments, c is an integer from 1 to 60. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 60 are included; for example, c can be from a lower limit of about 1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 to an upper limit of about 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60. For instance, in some embodiments c can be an integer from 5 to 60, an integer from 10 to 60, or an integer from 20 to 60.
[0040] In various embodiments R is hydrogen or a linear C4 to C14 alkyl chain or a branch C4 to C14 alkyl chain. That is, in some embodiments R is a branched C4 to C14 alkyl chain. However, in some embodiments R can be a linear C4 to C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments R can be formed of a branched alkyl with each branch having a length of two carbons or more.
[0041] Preferably, for Formula II a is an integer of 1 to 20, b is an integer of 20 to 60 and c is an integer of 20 to 60.
[0042] The EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant, as provided herein, is a water-soluble dispersing agent that can effectively disperse the active ingredient particles in water and prevent inter-particle aggregation and sedimentation, to stabilize the emulsion after dilution in water. For the various embodiments, the (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant can selected from commercially available products under the trade name TERGITOLTM XD, DowfaxTM D-800, DowfaxTM D-850 and combinations thereof.
[0043] (d) Anionic Surfactant
[0044] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes (d) 1 to 20 wt. %of an anionic surfactant. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 10 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of (d) the anionic surfactant can be from a lower limit of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wt. %to an upper limit of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of (d) the anionic surfactant can be from 2 to 10 wt. %; from 3 to 20 wt. %; 4 to 20 wt. %; or 2 to 8 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (d) the anionic surfactant in the composition can be from 4 to 10 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0045] For the various embodiments, suitable anionic surfactants can include alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl-and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates. Preferred anionic surfactants are sulfates and sulfonates. In some embodiments the anionic surfactant for use in the composition of the OD formulation described herein may include an alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salt of an alkylarylsulfonic acid such as sulfonate salts of dodecyl-and / or tridecylbenzenes, sulfonate salts of naphthalenes and / or alkylnaphthalenes, and salts of sulfosuccinates and / or sulfosuccinamates. In some embodiments the anionic surfactant is an alkaline earth salt of an alkylaryl sulfonate. In some embodiments the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sulfosuccinate and combinations thereof.
[0046] (e) PO Capped PO-EO Block Copolymer Dispersant
[0047] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes 1 to 30 wt. %of (e) a PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant having a weight average molecular weight of at least 5000 g / mol. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 30 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant can be from a lower limit of 1, 2, 3, 5 or 10 wt. %to an upper limit of 10, 15, 20 or 30 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant can be from 1 to 20 wt. %; from 1 to 15 wt. %; 5 to 20 wt. %; or 5 to 15 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant in the composition can be from 1 to 15 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0048] The PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant has a weight average molecular weight of at least 5000 g / mol. Preferably, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant has a weight average molecular weight of at least 6000 g / mol. More preferably, the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant of Formula III can have a weight average molecular weight of greater than 8000 g / mol. The upper bound of the weight average molecular weight of (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is a function of the values of m, n and / or k as provided herein. For the various embodiments, (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is highly compatible with the plant oil or its derivatives (e.g., the oil phase) of the OD formulation of the present disclosure.
[0049] As used herein, being “propylene oxide (PO) -capped” refers to the presence of a propylene oxide constituent at the terminal block of a R-PO-EO-PO triblock copolymer dispersant, in contrast to other surfactants lacking a PO constituent or other approaches without PO at terminal block of a block copolymer such as in a R-PO-EO di-block copolymers having EO at the terminal block.
[0050] For the various embodiments, (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is Formula III:
[0051] where R is a C3 to C6 alkyl; p is an integer of 3 to 6 and each of m, n, and k is independently an integer where m is 0 to 80; n is 1 to 50, and k is 1 to 80. The values of m, n, and / or k can be varied as detailed herein. For instance, in some embodiments m is an integer from 0 to 80. All individual values and subranges from 0 to 80 are included; for example, m can be from a lower limit of about 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 to an upper limit of about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80. For instance, in some embodiments m can be an integer from 0 to 80, an integer from 0 to 40, or an integer from 0 to 20. In some embodiments m can be equal to about 20.
[0052] In some embodiments, n is an integer from 1 to 50. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 50 are included; for example, n can be from a lower limit of 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 to an upper limit of 20, 30, 40, or 50. For instance, in some embodiments n can be an integer from 1 to 50, from 20 to 50, from 30 to 50, or an integer from 40 to 50. In some embodiments n can be equal to 30 or 40 or equal to 50.
[0053] In some embodiments k is an integer from 1 to 80. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 80 are included; for example, k can be from a lower limit of 1, 5, 10 or 15 to an upper limit of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80. For instance, in some embodiments k is an integer from 1 to 80, an integer from 20 to 80, an integer from 30 to 80, an integer from 40 to 80, or an integer from 50 to 80. In some embodiments k can be equal to about 40 , about 50 , about 60, about 70, or about 80.
[0054] In various embodiments R can be a C3 to C6 alkyl chain. For example, in various embodiments R can be a linear C3 to C6 alkyl chain. Alternatively, in various embodiments R can be a branched C4 to C6 alkyl chain. Preferably, for Formula III R is a C6 alkyl and p is 6.
[0055] For the various embodiments, Formula III can also have the structure of Formula IV:
[0056] where each m is, independently, 0 to 80; each n is, independently, 1 to 50, and each k is, independently, 1 to 80. The dispersants have the general structure shown in structure 1, the R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 is (EO) x (PO) y (EO) z, x ranges from 1 to 20, y ranges from 1 to 50, z ranges from 0 to 30.
[0057] The PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant, as provided herein, is an oil-soluble dispersing agent that can effectively disperse the active ingredient particles in oil and prevent inter-particle aggregation and sedimentation. For the various embodiments, the (e) the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant can selected from commercially available products under the trade name DOWFAXTM DF, such as DOWFAXTM DF 161, DOWFAXTM DF 162, and / or DOWFAXTM DF 163, among others.
[0058] (f) Non-Oil Soluble Active Ingredient
[0059] For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation includes (f) 1 to 40 wt. %of a non-oil soluble active ingredient. All individual values and subranges from 1 to 40 wt. %are included; for example, the amount of (f) the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be from a lower limit of 1, 5, 10 or 15 wt. %to an upper limit of 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 wt. %. For instance, in some embodiments the amount of (f) the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be from 1 to 20 wt. %; from 1 to 15 wt. %; 5 to 20 wt. %; or 5 to 15 wt. %. Preferably, the amount of (f) the non-oil soluble active ingredient in the composition can be from 1 to 30 wt. %. The wt. %are based on the total weight of the composition of OD formulation, where the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.
[0060] For the various embodiments, (f) the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be selected from the group consisting of a herbicide, a pesticide, a fungicide and a combination thereof. Examples of non-oil soluble herbicides can include, but are not limited to, nicosulfuron, mesotrione, pyroxsulam, glyphosate, 2, 4-D, atrazine, paraquat, glufosinate, imazapic, dicamba, 2, 4-DB, trifluralin, metribuzin, simazine, oxyfluorfen, fluroxypyr, picloram, clopyralid, metsulfuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, clethodim and sethoxydim. Examples of non-oil soluble pesticides can include, but are not limited to, malathion, carbaryl, pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) , neonicotinoids (e.g., imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid) , chlorpyrifos, diazinon, acephate, abamectin, spinosad, fipronil, chlorfenapyr and avermectin. Examples of non-oil soluble fungicides can include, but are not limited to, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, propiconazole, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, captan, fluconazole, iprodione, prochloraz, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and boscalid.
[0061] For the various embodiments, (f) the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be a liquid or a particulate, among other forms. For instance, the non-oil soluble active ingredient can be technical grade particulate ( “technicals” ) or formulated particulate compositions such as, for example, wettable powders and dispersible granules. The technical grade particulate range in active ingredient content from 80 to 98 percent by weight and can be solid at room temperature. The wettable powders and dispersible granules range in active ingredient content from 45 percent by weight to 75 percent by weight and have typical compositions as follows: 45 to 75 percent by weight; 20 to 50 percent by weight carrier; 2 to 10 percent by weight dispersant; and from 2 to 10 percent by weight surfactant. The wettable powders and dispersible granules typically have been milled to an average particle size in the range of 2 to 10 microns.
[0062] The oil dispersion formulation of the present disclosure may contain other formulated agronomic additives such as, for example, an antifoaming agent, a stabilizer, a fragrant, a sequestering agent, a neutralizing agent, a buffer, a corrosion inhibitor, a dye, a softener, an odorant, a thickener and an additional surfactant and / or surfactant adjuvant. For the various embodiments, the composition of the OD formulation can include 1 to 10 wt. %of such additives. By way of example, thickeners, as provided herein, are compatible with the oil phase (e.g., methyl oleate) and can include SEP copolymers, alkyl chain ethylene / octane copolymers, hydrophobic modified fumed silica and organic bentonite. Commercial examples of suitable thickeners include SEP Copolymers sold under the trade designator Kraton G1702 SEP, and C14~22 Alkane (and) Ethylene / Octene Copolymer sold under the trade designator EcoSmoothTM Delight. Commercial examples of suitable thickeners include hydrophobic fumed silica sold under the trade designator AEROSIL, such as AEROSIL R709; AEROSIL R805; AEROSIL R812; AEROSIL R812S; AEROSIL R816; AEROSIL R974; and AEROSIL R380. Additional commercial examples of suitable thickeners include organic bentonite sold under the trade designator FengHong BS-1C and HuaTe BP-100B.
[0063] The OD formulations of this disclosure are typically applied to plants in the field as dilutions into water or oil / water / surfactant carriers. That is, in some embodiment the OD formulations of the present disclosure can include water. Notably, the OD formulations of including non-oil soluble active ingredient (e.g., pesticide) of the present disclosure, in addition to be liquid and oil soluble, also exhibit improved emulsion stability, especially at high temperature, as compared to agricultural compositions without the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant, as detailed below in the Examples. In addition, (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant combining with (d) the anionic surfactant as provided herein, like, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (CaDBS) , helps to contribute to emulsification performance when the OD formulation is diluted into water, usually at 100 times or 200 times dilution, where it helps to ensure the emulsion stability. Moreover, the OD formulation of the present disclosure can be diluted into water, where the dosage of (c) the EO-PO-EO copolymer can be from 1 wt. %to 10wt. %, CaDBS 5 wt. %to 20 wt. %, the other nonionic surfactant, e.g., EH-9, 1wt. %to 20 wt. %, the total dosage of these three emulsifiers is no more than 30wt%.
[0064] The OD formulations of the present disclosure may be diluted from 1 to 2000-fold at point of use depending on the intended agricultural application. The effective amount of the OD formulations of the present invention to be employed in a typical agricultural application often depends upon for example, the type of plants, the stage of growth of the plant, severity of environmental conditions, the weeds, insects or fungal pathogens to be controlled and application conditions. Typically, a plant in need of protection from weeds or insects, or disease pathogen control or elimination, is contacted with an amount of the OD formulations diluted in a carrier such as water that will provide an amount of the non-oil soluble active ingredient from about 1 to about 40,000 ppm, preferably from about 10 to about 20,000 ppm of the active ingredient.
[0065] Examples
[0066] The following Examples (EX) and Comparative Examples (CE) are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the scope thereof. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. All materials were purchased from commercial vendors and used as received unless otherwise noted. As used herein, the terms emulsifier and surfactant can be used interchangeably.
[0067] Table 1. Components used in EX and CE
[0068] Tests
[0069] Emulsification Performance Evaluation
[0070] The emulsification performance was evaluated by dispersing 0.1 grams (g) of the oil dispersion (OD) formulation into 19.9 g deionized water (DI) water dropwise to form a mixture. The spontaneous emulsification of the mixture was visually evaluated before agitation. Each sample then underwent 20 cycles of gentle upside-down agitation. The emulsion stability was evaluated after 2 hours and after 12 hours. The OD formulations sample received a good rating if there is no creaming or deposition in the emulsion.
[0071] Stability Evaluation of OD Formulations at Various Temperatures
[0072] EX and CE OD formulations were incubated at 0 ℃, 23 ℃ (room temperature) and 54 ℃ for a set period of time after which they were visibly inspected for phase separation, which included caking at bottom and / or oil separation on the top. If there is no observed caking at bottom and no phase separation at the top, the OD formulation was stable, otherwise it was unstable.
[0073] Quantitative Emulsification Performance Evaluation
[0074] 6 wt. %emulsifier or emulsifier blend was added into the oil phase, the mixture was fully mixed with an IKA KS501 digital shaker at 200 rpm for 1 hour. After mixing, 10 times dilution of the emulsifier-oil mixture above in DI water was conducted to form an oil in water emulsion, this emulsion sample was agitated with a spin mixer for 30 seconds and then followed with an imaging procedure to evaluate the emulsion stability. Images were taken every two minutes for an hour to monitor the emulsion stability of each sample.
[0075] Oil Dispersion Formulation Preparation
[0076] Base Formulation
[0077] Base Formulations (Table 3) were formed using a sand milling process, in which emulsifiers, dispersants and oil phase were first blended into one homogeneous mixture, then mixed with the active ingredient particle, thickeners and optional stabilizer. The mixture was homogenized and then sand-milled at 2000 rpm for 2.5 hours with the sample to zirconium bead ratio = 1: 1.5 to form the Base Formulation.
[0078] Oil Dispersion Formulation
[0079] The other emulsifiers, dispersants and thickeners were added into the Base Formulation at given dosage to provide the OD formulation, which was mixed using FlackTek speed mixer at 2000 rpm for 2 mins before performance evaluation.
[0080] Compatibility with oil phase
[0081] Referring to Table 2, the data indicates that the addition of a PO capped block copolymer can improve the compatibility between the PO-EO copolymer with a high HLB emulsifier (DOWFAXTM D-800) and the oil phase.
[0082] Table 2. Compatibility Between Surfactant / Block Copolymer Blend with Oil Phase *-wt. %based on the total weight of the methyl oleate and EH-9.
[0083] Suspension stability
[0084] Base Formulation:
[0085] The following base formulations were used for preparing the EX and CE OD formulations.
[0086] Table 3. Base Formulations
[0087] Table 4. EX and CE OD Formulations
[0088] CE D is FENCER 120SC
[0089] Table 5. PO capped PO-EO block copolymer candidates for penoxsulam oil dispersion (2.5 wt. %penoxsulam, PO-EO-PO copolymer dosage is 4%in each EX and CE od formulation)
[0090] As seen in Table 4, the combination of EO-PO-EO and PO capped block copolymer (IE 3-6) in the OD formulation containing EO-PO and anionic surfactant provide better emulsification performance than the CE for both active ingredient (nicosulfuron and penoxsulam) .
[0091] From the results in Table 4, it can also be seen that the OD formulations that includes EO-PO-EO, PO capped copolymer, EO-PO nonionic surfactant and anionic surfactant can pass emulsification and emulsion stability evaluation.
[0092] In order to further verify the effect of PO capped block copolymer on the OD formulation stability, a series of OD formulation samples (Table shown in Table 6) with different PO capped copolymer were evaluated for heat storage stability.
[0093] From the results in Table 6, a series of PO capped copolymer (EX 17 and 18) can provide stabilization effect for oil dispersion formulations and pass 2-week heat storage at 54 ℃ without caking at bottom and without oil phase separation on the top. From the results seen in Table 6, it can also be seen all the PO capped block copolymer candidates with molecular weight of at least 6000 g / mol pass the 2 weeks heat storage at 54 ℃ without oil syneresis on the top and without caking at the bottom, as comparison, the CE I-V, there is caking on the bottom for they have lower molecular weight or less functionalities.
[0094] From the results above, it can be seen that the formulation compositions of EO-PO containing surfactant combined with EO-PO-EO and PO capped block copolymers with anionic surfactants (e.g., CaDBS) can provide good stability at high temperature (54 ℃) and good emulsification performance when being diluted into water, these formulation compositions is universal for different active ingredients, like penoxsulam, nicosulfuron etc.
[0095] Table 6 -Stability Performance for EX and CE. Each EX and CE included 3.22 wt. %of the Dispersant listed in Table along with 5.64 wt. %of EH-9; 2.5 wt. %penoxulam; 1.61 wt. %D-800; 3.36 wt. %BP-100B; 8.86 wt. %CaDBS; and enough methyl oleate to make 100 wt. %. Stability performance of innovative examples and comparative examples
[0096] Table 7, emulsification performance of innovative examples
[0097] Table 8, structure related parameters of Dowfax DF series dispersants
[0098] From the results in Tables 6-7, it can be seen the dispersant with multiple functionalities (sorbitol initiated, functionalities = 6) and higher molecular weight (molecular weight higher than 6000) give better stability performance than the counterparts dispersants which have lower molecular weight or lower functionalities.
[0099] Examples for demonstrating the effect of emulsifiers
[0100] Surfactant binary mixtures with Low and High HLB surfactant at varied ratio from 9: 1, 8: 2, …, to 1: 9 were added into oil phase (methyl oleate) with dosage of 6%wt, and the emulsion stability was evaluated using the procedure in section B “Quantitative emulsification performance evaluation. ”
[0101] Furthermore, the Ecosurf EH series surfactant which are EO-PO based surfactants are of better emulsion stability than the 15-Sseries which are pure EO based surfactants, this results indicate that PO containing surfactants, have better performance in terms of emulsion formation and emulsion stability.
[0102] From the results above, EO / PO containing nonionic emulsifiers and oil soluble anionic surfactants are required to achieve good emulsification performance upon dilution when the OD formulations being applied, furthermore, EO / PO copolymers are also required to further improve the emulsion stability upon dilution.
[0103] From the results above, the multiple anchor group dispersant can provide superior dispersing stabilization performance for oil dispersion formulation. The oil dispersion formulations containing such dispersant can provide better stabilization performance than other EO-PO containing counterparts.
Claims
1.An oil dispersion formulation, comprising:a composition that includes:(a) 10 to 90 wt. %of a plant oil or its derivatives;(b) 5 to 25 wt. %of an PO-EO non-ionic surfactant;(c) 1 to 20 wt. %of an EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant;(d) 1 to 20 wt. %of an anionic surfactant;(e) 1 to 30 wt. %of a PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant having a weight average molecular weight of at least 5000 g / mol; and(f) and 1 to 40 wt. %of a non-oil soluble active ingredient;where the wt. %are based on the total weight of the oil dispersion formulation and wherein the wt. %of the composition totals 100 wt. %.2.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 1, wherein the PO-EO non-ionic surfactant is Formula I: wherein R1 is a linear or branch C4 to C20 alkyl; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 50 and z is an integer of 0 to 30.3.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 2, wherein for Formula I, R1 is a linear or branch C4 to C14 alkyl; x is an integer of 1 to 10, y is an integer of 1 to 20.4.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 1, wherein the EO-PO-EO copolymer non-ionic dispersant is Formula II: wherein R is hydrogen or a linear or branch C4 to C14 alkyl; a is an integer of 1 to 60, b is an integer of 1 to 60 and c is an integer of 1 to 60.5.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 4, wherein for Formula II a is an integer of 1 to 20, b is an integer of 20 to 60 and c is an integer of 20 to 60.6.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 1, wherein the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is an oil-soluble dispersant of Formula III: wherein R is a C3 to C6 alkyl; p is an integer of 3 to 6 and each of m, n, and k is independently an integer wherein m is 0 to 80; n is 1 to 50, and k is 1 to 80.7.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 6, wherein for Formula III R is a C6 alkyl and p is 6.8.The oil dispersion formulation of claim 7, wherein the oil-soluble dispersant of Formula III has the structure of Formula IV: wherein each m is, independently, 0 to 80; each n is, independently, 1 to 50, and each k is, independently, 1 to 80.9.The oil dispersion formulation of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant of Formula III has a weight average molecular weight of greater than 6000 g / mol.10.The oil dispersion formulation of any one of claims 6-9, wherein the PO capped PO-EO block copolymer dispersant is dispersible in an oil phase of the oil dispersion formulation.11.The oil dispersion formulation of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the plant oil is methyl oleate.12.The oil dispersion formulation of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the non-oil soluble active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a herbicide, a pesticide, a fungicide and a combination thereof.13.The oil dispersion formulation of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sulfosuccinate and combinations thereof.