Low-power operation method and apparatus for reducing power consumption of next-generation energy-efficient mobile communication system by using artificial intelligence

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method and an apparatus can be provided, the method and the apparatus being for supporting, in a system using next-generation low-power radio (LR) that supports power-saving technology, when a transmission / reception end of a terminal, a base station or a cell enters a sleep mode, low-power wake-up signal (hereinafter, LP-WUS) and paging early indication (hereinafter, PEI) signal transmission / reception operations of the terminal and the base station using artificial intelligence in an environment in which the base station and the terminal can transmit a wake-up signal (hereinafter, WUS) to wake up the terminal or the cell.

Description

Low-power operation method and device utilizing artificial intelligence for reducing power consumption of next-generation energy-efficient mobile communication systems

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the operation of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for supporting the transmission and reception of a Low Power Wake Up Signal (LP-WUS) and a Paging Early Indication (PEI) signal by utilizing artificial intelligence in an environment where the base station and the terminal can transmit a Wake Up Signal (WUS) to wake up the terminal or cells when the transceiver of a terminal, base station, or cell enters sleep mode in a system using a next-generation low-power radio (Low power Radio, hereinafter LR) that supports power saving technology.

[0002] 5G mobile communication technology defines a wide frequency band to enable fast transmission speeds and new services, and can be implemented not only in frequency bands below 6 GHz ('Sub 6 GHz'), such as 3.5 gigahertz (3.5 GHz), but also in ultra-high frequency bands called millimeter waves (mmWave), such as 28 GHz and 39 GHz ('Above 6 GHz'). In addition, for 6G mobile communication technology, which is referred to as a system beyond 5G, implementation in the terahertz band (e.g., the 3 terahertz (3 THz) band at 95 GHz) is being considered to achieve transmission speeds 50 times faster and ultra-low latency reduced to one-tenth compared to 5G mobile communication technology.

[0003] In the early stages of 5G mobile communication technology, aiming to satisfy service support and performance requirements for enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), technologies included beamforming and Massive MIMO to mitigate path loss and increase transmission distance in ultra-high frequency bands; support for various numerologies (such as operating multiple subcarrier spacings) and dynamic operation of slot formats for the efficient utilization of ultra-high frequency resources; initial access technologies to support multi-beam transmission and broadband; definition and operation of Band-Width Parts (BWPs); Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for high-volume data transmission; new channel coding methods such as Polar Codes for the reliable transmission of control information; and Layer 2 pre-processing. Standardization has been carried out for network slicing, which provides a dedicated network specialized for specific services.

[0004] Currently, discussions are underway to improve and enhance the performance of the initial 5G mobile communication technology, taking into account the services that the 5G mobile communication technology was intended to support. Additionally, standardization of the physical layer is in progress for technologies such as V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), which helps autonomous vehicles make driving decisions and enhance user convenience based on their own location and status information transmitted by the vehicle; NR-U (New Radio Unlicensed), which aims for system operation in unlicensed bands to comply with various regulatory requirements; NR terminal low power consumption technology (UE Power Saving); Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), which is direct terminal-satellite communication for securing coverage in areas where communication with the terrestrial network is impossible; and positioning.

[0005] In addition, standardization is underway in the field of wireless interface architecture / protocols for technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for supporting new services through linkage and convergence with other industries, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) which provides nodes for expanding network service areas by integrating wireless backhaul links and access links, Mobility Enhancement including Conditional Handover and Dual Active Protocol Stack (DAPS) Handover, and 2-step Random Access (2-step RACH for NR) which simplifies random access procedures. Standardization is also underway in the field of system architecture / services for 5G baseline architectures (e.g., Service based Architecture, Service based Interface) for incorporating Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which provides services based on the location of the terminal.

[0006] When such 5G mobile communication systems are commercialized, connected devices, which are increasing explosively, will be connected to communication networks. Accordingly, it is expected that there will be a need to enhance the functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems and to integrate the operation of connected devices. To this end, new research is planned to be conducted on 5G performance improvement and complexity reduction, support for AI services, support for metaverse services, and drone communication using eXtended Reality (XR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to efficiently support Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR).

[0007] Furthermore, the advancement of these 5G mobile communication systems encompasses multi-antenna transmission technologies such as new waveforms to guarantee coverage in the terahertz band of 6G mobile communication technology, Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large-scale antennas; metamaterial-based lenses and antennas to improve terahertz band signal coverage; high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technology using OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum); and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology; as well as Full Duplex technology for enhancing frequency efficiency and system networks in 6G mobile communication technology; AI-based communication technologies that realize system optimization by utilizing satellites and AI from the design stage and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and the realization of services of complexity exceeding the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources. It could serve as a foundation for the development of next-generation distributed computing technologies.

[0008] Looking back at the evolution of wireless communication through successive generations, technologies have been developed primarily for human-oriented services, such as voice, multimedia, and data. Following the commercialization of 5G (5th-generation) communication systems, connected devices, which have been increasing explosively, are expected to be connected to communication networks. Examples of networked objects include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in various infrastructures, construction machinery, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve into various form factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and holographic devices. In the 6G (6th-generation) era, efforts are underway to develop improved 6G communication systems to connect hundreds of billions of devices and objects to provide diverse services. For this reason, 6G communication systems are being referred to as "beyond 5G" systems.

[0009] In the 6G communication system predicted to be realized around 2030, the maximum transmission speed is tera (i.e., 1,000 gigabit) bps, and the wireless latency is 100 microseconds (μsec). In other words, compared to the 5G communication system, the transmission speed in the 6G communication system is 50 times faster, and the wireless latency is reduced to one-tenth.

[0010] To achieve such high data transmission speeds and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems are being considered for implementation in the terahertz band (e.g., the 95 GHz to 3 terahertz (3 THz) band). In the terahertz band, due to more severe path loss and atmospheric absorption compared to the millimeter wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, the importance of technology capable of guaranteeing signal reach, or coverage, is expected to increase. As key technologies to ensure coverage, radio frequency (RF) devices, antennas, new waveforms that offer better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming, and multi-antenna transmission technologies such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large-scale antennas must be developed. In addition, new technologies such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technology using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are being discussed to improve coverage of terahertz band signals.

[0011] In addition, to improve frequency efficiency and system network, development is underway in 6G communication systems for full duplex technology, in which uplink and downlink simultaneously utilize the same frequency resources at the same time; network technology that integrates satellites and HAPS (high-altitude platform stations); network structure innovation technology that supports mobile base stations and enables network operation optimization and automation; dynamic spectrum sharing technology through collision avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction; AI-based communication technology that utilizes AI (artificial intelligence) from the design stage and internalizes end-to-end AI support functions to realize system optimization; and next-generation distributed computing technology that realizes services of complexity exceeding the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high performance communication and computing resources (mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, attempts are continuing to further strengthen connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote the softwareization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communication through the design of new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, the implementation of hardware-based security environments, the development of mechanisms for the safe utilization of data, and the development of technologies regarding privacy maintenance methods.

[0012] Due to the research and development of such 6G communication systems, it is expected that a new dimension of hyper-connected experience will become possible through the hyper-connectivity of 6G communication systems, which encompasses not only connections between objects but also connections between people and objects. Specifically, it is projected that 6G communication systems will enable the provision of services such as truly immersive extended reality (truly immersive XR), high-fidelity mobile holograms, and digital replicas. Furthermore, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response, which are provided through 6G communication systems with enhanced security and reliability, will be applied in various fields including industry, healthcare, automotive, and home appliances.

[0013] The present disclosure aims to provide a signal transmission method and apparatus that support idle and inactive mode operations of a terminal using a wake-up radio, wherein the terminal includes a wake-up radio capable of transmitting and receiving a low-power wake-up signal to support power saving mode operation of a network in a wireless communication system.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system may include: receiving first setting information related to power saving and second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a base station; identifying whether a condition for power saving is satisfied based on the first setting information and the second setting information, according to a result measured for a cell or beam and a result predicted based on an AI / ML model; and, if the initiation condition for the operation for power saving is satisfied, performing low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation.

[0015] Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system may include the steps of receiving first setting information related to power saving and second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a base station; determining whether to start or stop an operation for power saving based on the first setting information and the second setting information and based on an AI / ML model; and, if the operation for power saving is started based on the determination result, performing low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation.

[0016] Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, in a wireless communication system, a terminal receives first setting information related to power saving and second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a transceiver and a base station through the transceiver, and based on the first setting information and the second setting information, identifies whether the conditions for power saving are satisfied according to the results measured for a cell or beam and the results predicted based on an AI / ML model, and if the conditions for initiating the operation for power saving are satisfied, the terminal may include a control unit that controls the performance of low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation.

[0017] Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal in a wireless communication system receives a first setting information related to power saving and a second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a transceiver and a base station through the transceiver, and determines whether to start or stop an operation for power saving based on the first setting information and the second setting information based on an AI / ML model, and when the operation for power saving is started based on the result of the determination, the terminal may include a control unit that controls the performance of monitoring a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) as a low power operation.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when one or more radio access technologies (RATs) are used in a wireless communication system, power consumption of the terminal can be further reduced by operating one RAT in a low-power mode.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to support the operation of a network in a power saving mode in a wireless communication system, a terminal includes a wake-up radio capable of transmitting and receiving a low-power wake-up signal, and a signal transmission method and apparatus supporting idle and inactive mode operation of the terminal using the wake-up radio can be provided.

[0020] The effects obtainable from the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a next-generation mobile communication system that supports network energy saving according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 2 is a drawing for explaining the concept of a low-power radio (hereinafter LR) of a base station or cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink LP-WUS setting and monitoring procedure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a low-power operation execution procedure according to the conditions of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure for performing low-power operation according to conditions through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0027] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0028] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0029] FIG. 9 is a drawing illustrating the structure of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating the structure of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] The operating principles of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. In describing the present disclosure below, specific descriptions of related known functions or configurations will be omitted if it is determined that such detailed descriptions would unnecessarily obscure the essence of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terms described below are defined in consideration of their functions in the present disclosure, and these may vary depending on the intentions or practices of the user or operator. Therefore, their definitions should be based on the content throughout this specification.

[0032] Terms used in the following description to identify connection nodes, terms referring to network entities, terms referring to messages, terms referring to interfaces between network entities, terms referring to various identification information, etc., are examples provided for the convenience of explanation. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms referring to objects having equivalent technical meanings may be used.

[0033] Hereinafter, a base station is an entity that performs resource allocation for terminals and may be at least one of a gNode B, eNode B, Node B, BS (Base Station), wireless access unit, base station controller, or a node on a network. A terminal may include a UE (User Equipment), MS (Mobile Station), cellular phone, smartphone, computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing communication functions. In this disclosure, a downlink (DL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted by a base station to a terminal, and an uplink (UL) refers to a wireless transmission path of a signal transmitted by a terminal to a base station. Furthermore, while an LTE or LTE-A system may be described as an example below, the embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G, new radio, NR) developed after LTE-A may be included in a system to which the embodiments of this disclosure can be applied, and the 5G below may be a concept that includes existing LTE, LTE-A, and other similar services. Furthermore, the present disclosure may be applied to other communication systems with some modifications made at the discretion of a person with skilled technical knowledge, without departing significantly from the scope of the present disclosure. In this case, it will be understood that each block of the process flow diagrams and combinations of the flow diagrams may be executed by computer program instructions.

[0034] Since these computer program instructions can be loaded onto the processor of a general-purpose computer, a computer for special purposes, or other programmable data processing equipment, the instructions executed through the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment create means for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). Since these computer program instructions can also be stored in computer-available or computer-readable memory that can be directed toward the computer or other programmable data processing equipment to implement functions in a specific way, the instructions stored in computer-available or computer-readable memory can also produce a manufactured item containing means of instruction for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s). Since the computer program instructions can also be loaded onto the computer or other programmable data processing equipment, the instructions that perform a series of operation steps on the computer or other programmable data processing equipment to create a computer-executable process can also provide steps for performing the functions described in the flowchart block(s).

[0035] Additionally, each block may represent a module, segment, or part of code containing one or more executable instructions for executing a specific logical function(s). Also, it should be noted that in some alternative execution examples, the functions mentioned in the blocks may occur out of order. For example, two blocks described in succession may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the blocks may be executed in reverse order depending on the corresponding function. In this case, the term "part" as used in this embodiment refers to software or hardware components such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and the "part" may perform certain roles. However, the meaning of "part" is not limited to software or hardware. The "part" may be configured to reside in an addressable storage medium or configured to run one or more processors. Accordingly, as an example, 'part' includes components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, as well as processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functions provided within the components and 'parts' may be combined into a smaller number of components and 'parts' or further separated into additional components and 'parts'. Furthermore, the components and 'parts' may be implemented to utilize one or more CPUs within a device or secure multimedia card. Additionally, in an embodiment, 'part' may include one or more processors.

[0036] For convenience of explanation, the present disclosure uses terms and names defined in the 5GS and NR standards defined by the 3GPP (The 3rd Generation Partnership Project). However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above terms and names and may be applied equally to wireless communication networks conforming to other standards. For example, the present disclosure may be applied to 3GPP 5GS / NR (5th generation mobile communication standards).

[0037] Fifth-generation wireless communication systems operate in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, and terminals (UEs, user equipment) and base stations (gNBs, new radio node Bs, NR gNBs) communicate with each other using beamforming. Beamforming technology is used to mitigate propagation path loss and increase the propagation distance for communication in higher frequency bands. Beamforming improves transmission and reception performance by using high-gain antennas. Beamforming can be classified into transmission (TX) beamforming, performed at the transmitting end, and reception (RX) beamforming, performed at the receiving end. Generally, TX beamforming increases directivity by using multiple antennas to densely position the area where radio waves reach in a specific direction. In this context, a collection of multiple antennas can be referred to as an antenna array, and each antenna included in the array can be referred to as an array element. Antenna arrays can be configured in various forms, such as linear arrays or planar arrays. The use of TX beamforming results in increased signal directivity, thereby increasing the propagation distance. Furthermore, since the signal is rarely transmitted in directions other than the directional direction, signal interference acting on other receivers is significantly reduced. The receiver can perform beamforming on the RX signal using an RX antenna array. RX beamforming increases the strength of the RX signal transmitted in a specific direction by concentrating radio waves in that direction, and provides the effect of blocking interference signals by excluding signals transmitted in non-specific directions from the RX signal. Using beamforming technology, the transmitter can create multiple transmit beam patterns in different directions. Each of these transmit beam patterns can also be referred to as a transmit (TX) beam.Wireless communication systems operating at high frequencies transmit signals within a cell using multiple narrow TX beams, as each narrow TX beam provides coverage to a portion of the cell. The narrower the TX beam, the higher the antenna gain, and consequently, the propagation distance of the signal transmitted using beamforming increases. A receiver can also generate multiple receive (RX) beam patterns in different directions. Each of these receive patterns can also be referred to as a receive (RX) beam.

[0038] Fifth-generation wireless communication systems support not only standalone mode operation but also dural connectivity (DC). In DC, multiple Rx / Tx UEs can be configured to utilize resources provided by two different nodes (or NBs) connected via a non-ideal backhaul. One node acts as the master node (MN) and the other as the secondary node (SN). The MN and SN are connected via network interfaces, and at least the MN is connected to the core network. NR also supports Multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC) operation, where UEs in the RRC_CONNECTED state (radio resource control connected state) are configured to utilize radio resources provided by two distinct schedulers connected via a non-ideal backhaul, providing E-UTRA (i.e., when the node is an ng-eNB) or NR access (i.e., when the node is a gNB). In NR, a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state that is not configured with CA (carrier aggregation) / DC has only one serving cell consisting of primary cells. For a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state configured with CA / DC, the term 'serving cell' is used to denote a set of cells that includes special cells and all subcells. In NR, a master cell group (MCG) refers to a group of serving cells associated with a master node, which includes a P cell (primary cell) and optionally one or more S cell(s) (secondary cell(s)). In NR, a secondary cell group (SCG) refers to a group of serving cells associated with a secondary node, which includes a PS cell (primary secondary cell, primary SCG cell) and optionally one or more S cells.In NR, a P-cell (Primary Cell) refers to a serving cell within an MCG operating at the fundamental frequency where the UE performs the initial connection setup procedure or initiates the connection reset procedure. For a UE configured with CA, an S-cell in NR is a cell that provides additional radio resources on top of a special cell. A PS-cell (Primary SCG Cell) refers to a serving cell within an SCG where the UE performs random access when executing the Reconfiguration with Sync procedure. For dual connectivity operation, a Sp-cell (i.e., a special cell) refers to a P-cell in an MCG or a PS-cell in an SCG; otherwise, the term special cell refers to a P-cell.

[0039] Acquisition of System Information in 5th Generation Wireless Communication Systems: In 5th generation wireless communication systems, a Node B (gNB) or base station broadcasts a synchronization signal (SS) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block (SSB), which consists of primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS, SSS) and system information. System information contains common parameters required for communication within a cell. In 5th generation wireless communication systems (also known as next-generation radio or NR), system information (SI) is divided into a master information block (MIB) and multiple system information blocks (SIB), where:

[0040] - MIB is always transmitted on BCH at a cycle of 80 ms, repeated within 80 ms, and contains parameters necessary to obtain SIB1 from the cell.

[0041] - SIB1 is transmitted over the DL-SCH (downlink shared channel) at a period of 160ms, and the transmission repetition is variable. The default transmission repetition period of SIB1 is 20ms, but the actual transmission repetition period depends on the network implementation. The scheduling information of SIB1 includes the mapping between the SIB and SI messages, the periodicity of each SI message, and the SI window length. The scheduling information of SIB1 includes an indicator for each SI message, indicating whether the corresponding SI message is broadcast. If at least one SI message is not broadcast, SIB1 may include a random access resource (PRACH (physical random access channel) preamble(s) and PRACH resource(s)) that requests the gNB to broadcast one or more SI messages.

[0042] - SIBs other than SIB1 are carried in system information (SI) messages transmitted over the DL-SCH. Only SIBs with the same period can be mapped to the same SI message. Each SI message is transmitted within a periodically occurring time-domain window (referred to as an SI-window of equal length for all SI messages). Each SI message is associated with an SI-window, and SI-windows of different SI messages do not overlap. That is, only the corresponding SI message is transmitted within a single SI-window. Any SIB other than SIB1 can be configured as cell-specific or region-specific using the markings within SIB1. A cell-specific SIB is applicable only within the cell providing the SIB, while a region-specific SIB is applicable within a region called an SI area, which consists of one or more cells and is identified by the systemInformationAreaID.

[0043] - The UE acquires SIB1 from the camped cell or serving cell. The UE checks the BroadcastStatus bit in SIB1 for the SI message it needs to acquire. The gNB signals the SI request configuration for the SUL (supplementary uplink) using the IE (information element) si-RequestConfigSUL in SIB1. If the IE si-RequestConfigSUL does not exist in SIB1, the UE assumes that the SI request configuration for the SUL has not been signaled by the gNB. The gNB signals the SI request configuration for the NUL (normal uplink) using the IE si-RequestConfig in SIB1. If the IE si-RequestConfig does not exist in SIB1, the UE assumes that the SI request configuration for the NUL has not been signaled by the gNB. If the SI message it needs to acquire is not being broadcast (i.e., the BroadcastStatus bit is set to 0), the UE begins transmitting the SI request. The procedure for transmitting the SI request is as follows:

[0044] - The gNB signals the SI request configuration for the SUL, and if the SUL selection criteria are met (i.e., the reference signal received power (RSRP) derived from the SSB measurement of the camped cell or serving cell is less than rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL, where rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL is signaled by the gNB (e.g., in a broadcast signaling scheme such as SIB1)), the UE initiates the transmission of the SI request based on the SI request in Msg1 (message 1) on the SUL. In other words, the UE initiates a random access procedure using the PRACH preamble(s) and PRACH resource(s) within the SI request configuration of the SUL. The UE transmits Msg1 (i.e., the random access preamble) and waits for acknowledgment of the SI request. The random access resources (PRACH preamble(s) and PRACH time(s)) indicated in the SI request configuration of the SUL are used for Msg1. Msg1 is transmitted from the SUL. When an acknowledgment for an SI request is received, the UE monitors the SI window of the requested SI message during one or more SI period(s) of the corresponding SI message.

[0045] - Otherwise, the gNB signals the SI request configuration for the NUL, and if the NUL selection criteria are met (i.e., the SUL is supported in the camped cell or serving cell, and the RSRP derived from the SSB measurement of the camped cell or serving cell is greater than or equal to rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL; or the SUL is not supported in the serving cell), the UE initiates the transmission of the SI request based on the Msg1-based SI request on the NUL. In other words, the UE initiates a random access procedure using the PRACH preamble(s) and PRACH resource(s) within the NUL's SI request configuration. The UE transmits Msg1 (i.e., the random access preamble) and waits for acknowledgment of the SI request. The random access resources (PRACH preamble(s) and PRACH time(s)) indicated in the NUL's SI request configuration are used for Msg1. Msg1 is transmitted from the NUL. When an acknowledgment for an SI request is received, the UE monitors the SI window of the requested SI message during one or more SI period(s) of the corresponding SI message.

[0046] - Otherwise, the UE initiates the transmission of an SI request based on the Msg3 (message 3)-based SI request. In other words, the UE initiates the transmission of the RRCSystemInfoRequest message (345). The UE transmits Msg1 (i.e., the random access preamble) and waits for a random access response. Common random access resources (PRACH preamble(s) and PRACH time(s)) are used for Msg1. Upon receiving a UL acknowledgment in the random access response, the UE transmits the RRCSystemInfoRequest message and waits for an acknowledgment for the SI request (i.e., the RRCSystemInfoRequest message). When an acknowledgment for the SI request (i.e., the RRCSystemInfoRequest message) is received, the UE monitors the SI window of the requested SI message during one or more SI period(s) of the corresponding SI message. Note that if SUL is configured, the UL (uplink) carrier selection for the transmission of Msg1 will be selected by the UE in a manner similar to the way the UE selected for the Msg1-based SI request. SUL is a UL carrier selected when the RSRP derived from the SSB measurement of the camped cell or serving cell is less than rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL, where rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL is signaled by the gNB (e.g., in a broadcast signaling scheme such as SIB1). NUL is a UL carrier selected when the RSRP derived from the SSB measurement of the camped cell or serving cell is greater than or equal to rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL, where rsrp-ThresholdSSB-SUL is signaled by the gNB (e.g., in a broadcast signaling scheme such as SIB1).

[0047] Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a 5th generation wireless communication system: In a 5th generation wireless communication system, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is used to schedule DL (downlink) transmission on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and UL transmission on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein downlink control information (DCI) on the PDCCH includes at least modulation and coding formats, resource allocation, and downlink allocations including hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information related to the DL-SCH. In addition to scheduling, PDCCH may be used to enable and disable PUSCH transmissions configured with configured grants, enable and disable PDSCH semi-persistent transmissions, notify one or more UEs of slot formats, notify one or more UEs of PRB(s) (physical resource block(s)) and OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) symbol(s) so that the UEs can assume that a transmission is not intended, transmit TPC (transmit power control) commands for PUCCH and PUSCH, transmit one or more TPC commands for SRS (sounding reference signal) transmissions by one or more UEs, switch the active bandwidth of a UE, and initiate random access procedures. The UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for monitoring cases configured in a CORESET, which is one or more configured control resource sets according to the corresponding search space configuration. A CORESET consists of a set of PRBs having one to three OFDM symbol time durations.Resource units, namely resource element groups (REGs) and control channel elements (CCEs), are defined within a CORESET where each CCE constitutes a set of REGs. Control channels are formed by sets of CCEs, and different code rates for control channels are realized by assembling different numbers of CCEs. Interleaved CCE-to-REG mapping and non-interleaved CCE-to-REG mapping are supported in the CORESET. Polar coding is used for the PDCCH. Each resource element group carrying the PDCCH carries its own demodulation reference signal (DMRS). QPSK modulation is used for the PDCCH.

[0048] In 5th generation wireless communication systems, a list of search space configurations is signaled by the gNB for the configured bandwidth part (BWP), which is uniquely identified by an identifier for each search configuration. An identifier to identify the search space configuration to be used for specific purposes, such as paging reception, SI reception, and random access response reception, is explicitly signaled by the gNB. The NR search space configuration includes the parameters monitoring periodicity-PDCCH-slot, monitoring offset-PDCCH-slot, monitoring symbol-PDCCH-in-slot, and duration. The UE determines the PDCCH monitoring case within a slot using the parameters PDCCH monitoring periodicity (monitoring periodicity-PDCCH-slot), PDCCH monitoring offset (monitoring offset-PDCCH-slot), and PDCCH monitoring pattern (monitoring symbol-PDCCH-in-slot). The PDCCH monitoring case exists in slots from 'x' to x+duration, where the slot at number 'x' in the radio frame at number 'y' satisfies the following equation:

[0049] (y*(number of slots in radio frame) + x - monitoring offset-PDCCH-slot) mod (monitoring periodicity-PDCCH-slot) = 0;

[0050] The start symbol of the PDCCH monitoring case is given by the monitoring symbol-PDCCH-in-slot. The length (in symbols) of the PDCCH monitoring case is given by the core set associated with the search space. The search space configuration includes the identifier of the associated core set configuration. For each configured BWP, there is a list of core set configurations signaled by the gNB, where each core set configuration is uniquely identified by an identifier. Note that each radio frame has a duration of 10 ms. Radio frames are identified by a radio frame number or a system frame number. Each radio frame consists of multiple slots, and the number of slots within the radio frame and the duration of the slots depend on the subcarrier interval. The number of slots within the radio frame and the duration of the slots for each supported SCS are predefined in the NR. Each core set configuration is associated with a list of TCI (Transmission Configuration Indicator) states. A single DL RS ID (SSB or CSI RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal)) is configured per TCI state. A list of TCI states corresponding to the core set configuration is signaled by the gNB via the RRC signal. One of the TCI states in the list is activated and indicated to the UE by the gNB via the MAC (medium access control) CE (control element). The TCI state indicates the DL TX beam (the DL TX beam is QCLed with the SSB / CSI RS of the TCI state) used by the gNB for the transmission of the PDCCH in the search space PDCCH monitoring cases. For PDSCH, the TCI state of the scheduling PDCCH can be used for the scheduled PDSCH. Alternatively, the TCI state of the PDCCH for the lowest core set ID in the slot is used for the PDSCH. Alternatively, the RRC + MAC CE + DCI combination is used to indicate the TCI state for the PDSCH.RRC constitutes a list of TCI states, MAC CE represents a subset of these TCI states, and DCI represents a single TCI state from the list of TCI states indicated in MAC CE.

[0051] Bandwidth Adaptation (BA) in 5th Generation Wireless Communication Systems: Bandwidth adaptation (BA) is supported in 5th generation wireless communication systems. With BA, the transmit and receive bandwidth of a UE does not need to be as large as the cell's bandwidth and can be adjusted: the width can be commanded to change (e.g., to be reduced during periods of low activity to save power); the position can be shifted in the frequency domain (e.g., to increase scheduling flexibility); and the subcarrier spacing can be commanded to change (e.g., to allow for different services). A subset of the cell's total bandwidth is called a bandwidth part (BWP). BA is implemented by configuring RRC-connected UEs into BWP(s) and informing the UE which of the configured BWPs is currently active. Once BA is configured, the UE only needs to monitor the PDCCH from one active BWP. In other words, there is no need to monitor the PDCCH across the entire DL frequency of the serving cell. In the RRC connected state, the UE is configured with one or more DL and UL BWPs for each configured serving cell (i.e., P cell or S cell). For an active serving cell, there is always one active UL and DL BWP at any given time. BWP switching for a serving cell is used to enable inactive BWPs and simultaneously disable active BWPs. BWP switching is controlled by a PDCCH indicating a downlink allocation or uplink grant, and by a MAC entity at the start of a bwp-InactivityTimer, RRC signal, or random access procedure. When a Sp cell is added or an S cell is activated, the DL BWP and UL BWP indicated by firstActiveDownlinkBWP-Id and firstActiveUplinkBWP-Id, respectively, are activated without receiving a PDCCH indicating a downlink allocation or uplink grant.The active BWP for the serving cell is directed by either the RRC or the PDCCH. For unpaired spectrum, the DL BWP is paired with the UL BWP, and BWP switching is common for both UL and DL. When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE switches the active DL BWP to the default DL BWP or the initial DL BWP (if the default DL BWP is not configured).

[0052] Random Access in 5th Generation Wireless Communication Systems: Random Access (RA) is supported in 5G wireless communication systems. RA is used to achieve Uplink (UL) time synchronization. RA is used for UE Initial Access, Handover, Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Re-establishment procedures, Scheduling Request transmission, Secondary Cell Group (SCG) addition / modification, Beam Failure Recovery, and the transmission of data or control information from the UL by UEs that are connected to the RRC but are in an asynchronous state.

[0053] CBRA (Contention Based Random Access): This is also referred to as 4-Step CBRA or 4-Step Random Access. In this type of random access, the UE first transmits a Random Access Preamble (Msg1) and then waits for a RAR in the RAR (Random Access Response) window. The RAR is also referred to as Msg2 (Message 2). The next-generation node B (gNB) transmits the RAR on the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel). The PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH carrying the RAR is addressed by the RA-RNTI (RA-radio network temporary identifier). The RA-RNTI identifies the time-frequency resource (also referred to as the PRACH (Physical RA Channel) occasion, PRACH(TX) occasion, or RO) at which the RA preamble was detected by the gNB. RA-RNTI is calculated as RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14*t_id + 14*80*f_id + 14*80*8*ul_carrier_id, where s_id is the index of the first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of the PRACH occurrence where the UE transmitted Msg1, i.e., the RA preamble (0 ≤ s_id < 14). t_id is the index of the first slot of the PRACH occasion (0 ≤ t_id < 80), and f_id is the index of the PRACH Occasion in the frequency domain within the slot (0 ≤ f_id < 8). ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Msg1 transmission, having a value of 0 for a Normal UL carrier and 1 for a Supplementary UL (SUL) carrier.Multiple RARs for various random access preambles detected by the gNB may be multiplexed by the gNB in ​​the same RAR Media Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU). A RAR in the MAC PDU is considered to correspond to the terminal's RA preamble transmission if it contains the random access preamble identifier (RAPID) of the RA preamble transmitted by the terminal. If the UE does not receive a RAR corresponding to its RA preamble transmission within the RAR window and has not yet transmitted the RA preamble a set number of times (set by the gNB in ​​the RACH configuration), the UE returns to the first step, namely the step of selecting a Random Access Resource, selects a preamble / RACH occasion, and transmits the RA preamble. Backoff may be applied before returning to that first step.

[0054] When the terminal receives a RAR corresponding to its RA Preamble transmission, it transmits Message 3 (Msg3) from the UL grant received in the RAR. Msg3 includes messages such as an RRC connection request, an RRC connection re-establishment request, an RRC handover confirm, a scheduling request, and an SI request, and may include a UE identity (e.g., a Cell-radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), a System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (S-TMSI), or a random number). After transmitting Msg3, the UE starts a contention resolution timer. While the contention resolution timer is running, if the UE receives a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) directed to the C-RNTI included in Msg3, it is determined that contention resolution has been successful, the contention resolution timer is stopped, and the RA procedure is completed. When the contention resolution timer receives a CE (contention resolution MAC control element) containing the UE's contention resolution identity (the first X bit of the CCCH (common control channel) service data unit (SDU) transmitted in Msg3) while the contention resolution timer is running, the contention resolution is considered successful, the contention resolution timer is stopped, and the RA procedure is completed.If the contention resolution timer expires and the terminal fails to transmit the RA preamble a configurable number of times, the terminal may return to the first step, random access Rrsource(preamble / RACH occision), to transmit the RA preamble. Backoff may be applied before returning to the first step.

[0055] Contention-free random access (CFRA): This is also referred to as legacy CFRA or 4-step CFRA. The CFRA procedure is used in scenarios requiring low latency, such as handover, timing advance establishment for a secondary cell (S cell), and when a gNB (node ​​B) assigns a UE dedicated random access preamble. The UE transmits a Dedicated RA Preamble. The gNB transmits a RAR for the PDSCH addressed by RA-RNTI. The RAR carries the RA preamble identifier and timing alignment information. The RAR may also include UL grants. The RAR is transmitted within the RAR window, similar to the Contention-Based RA (CBRA) procedure. CFRA is considered successfully completed upon receiving a RAR containing the RA Preamble Identifier (RAPID) of the RA Preamble transmitted by the terminal. When RA is initiated for beam failure recovery, CFRA is considered to have successfully completed when it receives a PDCCH addressed to C-RNTI in the search space for beam failure recovery. If the UE does not receive a RAR by the time the RAR window expires, it considers the RA not to have completed successfully, and if it has not repeated the RA preamble a sufficient number of times (set as gNB in ​​the RACH configuration), it retransmits the RA preamble.

[0056] In the event of specific events such as handover and beam failure recovery, if dedicated preamble(s) are assigned to the UE, during the first phase of random access—that is, during the selection of random access resources for Msg1 transmission—the UE may decide whether to transmit the dedicated preamble or the non-dedicated preamble. Dedicated preambles are generally provided for a subset of SSBs / CSI RSs. If, among the SSBs / CSI RSs for which contention-free random access resources (i.e., dedicated preambles / ROs) are provided in the gNB, there are no SSBs / CSI RSs whose DL RSRP is above the threshold, the UE selects the non-dedicated preamble. Otherwise, the UE selects the dedicated preamble. Thus, during the RA procedure, one random access attempt may be a CFRA and another random access attempt may be a CBRA.

[0057] Two-Step Contention-Based Random Access (2-Step CBRA): In the first step, the UE transmits a random access preamble on PRACH and a payload (i.e., MAC PDU) on PUSCH. The transmission of the random access preamble and payload is also referred to as MsgA (message A). In the second step, after transmitting MsgA, the UE monitors for a response from the network (i.e., gNB) within the configured window. This response is also referred to as MsgB (message B). The next-generation node B (gNB) transmits MsgB on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH carrying MsgB is addressed by the MsgB-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (MSGB-RNTI). MSGB-RNTI identifies the time-frequency resource (also referred to as the physical RA channel (PRACH) time or the PRACH transmission (TX) time or the RA channel (RACH) time) at which the RA frame is detected by the gNB. MSGB-RNTI is calculated as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 * t_id + 14 * 80 * f_id + 14 * 80 * 8 * ul_carrier_id + 14 x 80 x 8 x 2, where s_id is the index of the first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol at the time of PRACH when the UE transmitted Msg1, i.e., the RA preamble (0 <= s_id < 14), t_id is the index of the first slot at the time of PRACH (0 <= t_id < 80), f_id is the index of the time of PRACH within the slot in the frequency domain (0 <= f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Msg1 transmission (0 for normal UL (NUL) carrier, 1 for supplementary UL (SUL) carrier).

[0058] If a CCCH SDU is transmitted as the MsgA payload, the UE performs contention resolution using the contention resolution information in MsgB. If the contention resolution ID received in MsgB matches the first 48 bits of the CCCH SDU transmitted in MsgA, contention resolution is successful. If a C-RNTI is transmitted as the MsgA payload, contention resolution is successful if the UE receives a PDCCH addressed to the C-RNTI. If contention resolution is successful, the random access procedure is considered to have been successfully completed. Instead of contention resolution information corresponding to the transmitted MsgA, MsgB may contain fallback information corresponding to the random access preamble transmitted in MsgA. If fallback information is received, the UE transmits Msg3 and performs contention resolution using Msg4 as in the CBRA procedure. If contention resolution following the fallback fails (i.e., by transmitting Msg3), the UE retransmits MsgA. If, after sending MsgA, the configuration window for the UE to monitor network responses expires and the UE does not receive MsgB containing contention resolution or fallback information as described above, the UE resends MsgA. If the random access procedure is not successfully completed even after sending the message a configurable number of times, the UE returns to the 4-Step RACH procedure. That is, the UE sends only the PRACH preamble.

[0059] The MsgA payload may include one or more of the Common Control Channel (CCCH) Service Data Unit (SDU), Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) SDU, Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) SDU, Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) MAC Control Element (CE), Power Headroom Reporting (PHR) MAC CE, SSB information, C-RNTI MAC CE, or padding. In the first stage, the MsgA may include a UE ID (e.g., Random ID, S-TMSI, C-RNTI, Resume ID, etc.) along with a preamble. The UE ID may be included within the MAC PDU of the MsgA. UE IDs such as C-RNTI may be carried in the MAC CE, and the MAC CE is included in the MAC PDU. Other UE IDs (Random ID, S-TMSI, C-RNTI, Resume ID, etc.) may be carried in the CCCH SDU. The UE ID may be a Random ID, S-TMSI, C-RNTI, Resume ID, IMSI, Idle Mode ID, Inactive Mode ID, etc. The UE ID may differ in different scenarios where the UE performs the RA procedure. When the UE performs the RA after powering on (before connecting to the network), the UE ID is a random ID. When the UE performs the RA while idle after connecting to the network, the UE ID is S-TMSI. If the UE has a C-RNTI assigned (e.g., connected state), the UE ID is C-RNTI. If the UE is in an inactive state, the UE ID is the resumption ID. In addition to the UE ID, some additional control information may be sent to the MsgA. This control information may be included in the MAC PDU of the MsgA. This control information may include connection request indications, connection resumption request indications, SI request indications, buffer status indications, beam information (such as one or more DL TX beam IDs or SSB IDs), beam failover indications / information, data indicators, cell / BS / TRP switching indications, connection re-establishment indications, reconfiguration complete or handover complete messages, etc.

[0060] 2-Step Contentless Random Access (2-Step CFRA): In this case, the gNB allocates dedicated random access preamble(s) and PUSCH resource(s) for MsgA transmission to the UE. RO(s) to be used for preamble transmission may also be specified. In the first step, the UE uses the contentless random access resources (i.e., dedicated preamble / PUSCH resource / RO) to transmit the random access preamble to PRACH and the payload to PUSCH. In the second step, after MsgA transmission, the UE monitors for a response from the network (i.e., gNB) within the configured window. This response is also referred to as MsgB.

[0061] The next-generation node B (gNB) transmits MsgB over the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH carrying MsgB is addressed by the MsgB-radio network temporal identifier (MSGB-RNTI). The MSGB-RNTI identifies the time-frequency resource at which the RA frame was detected by the gNB (also referred to as the physical RA channel (PRACH) time, or the PRACH transmission (TX) time, or the RA channel (RACH) time). MSGB-RNTI is calculated as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 * t_id + 14 * 80 * f_id + 14 * 80 * 8 * ul_carrier_id + 14 x 80 x 8 x 2, where s_id is the index of the first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol at the PRACH time when the UE transmitted Msg1, i.e., the RA preamble, and 0 <= s_id < 14; t_id is the index of the first slot at the PRACH time (0 <= t_id < 80), f_id is the index of the PRACH time within the slot in the frequency domain (0 <= f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for Msg1 transmission (0 for normal UL (NUL) carrier, 1 for supplementary UL (SUL) carrier).

[0062] If the UE receives a PDCCH addressed to C-RNTI, the random access procedure is considered to have been successfully completed. If the UE receives fallback information corresponding to the transmitted preamble, the random access procedure is considered to have been successfully completed.

[0063] In the case of specific events such as handover and beam failure recovery where dedicated preamble(s) and PUSCH resource(s) are assigned to the UE, the UE decides whether to transmit a dedicated preamble or a non-dedicated preamble during the first step of random access, namely, the selection of random access resources for MsgA transmission. Dedicated preambles are typically provided to a subset of SSBs / CSI RSs. If, among the SSBs / CSI RSs for which contention-free random access resources (i.e., dedicated preamble / ROs / PUSCH resources) are provided by the gNB, there are no SSBs / CSI RSs with a DL RSRP above a threshold, the UE selects a non-dedicated preamble. Otherwise, the UE selects a dedicated preamble. Thus, during the RA procedure, one random access attempt may be a 2-Step CFRA and another random access attempt may be a 2-Step CBRA.

[0064] When a random access procedure is initiated, the UE first selects a carrier (SUL or NUL). If the carrier to be used for the random access procedure is explicitly signaled by the gNB, the UE selects the signaled carrier to perform the random access procedure. If the carrier to be used for the random access procedure is not explicitly signaled by the gNB, and if the serving cell for the random access procedure is configured to have a supplementary uplink and the RSRP of the downlink path loss reference is less than rsrp - ThresholdSSB - SUL, the UE selects a SUL carrier to perform the random access procedure. Otherwise, the UE selects a NUL carrier to perform the random access procedure. After selecting the UL carrier, the UL and DL BWP for the random access procedure are determined as specified in Section 5.15 of TS 38.321. The UE then determines whether to perform a 2-Step or 4-Step RACH for this random access procedure.

[0065] - If this random access procedure is initiated by the PDCCH order and the ra-PreambleIndex explicitly provided by the PDCCH is not 0b000000, the UE selects 4Step RACH.

[0066] - Otherwise, if a 2-step contention-free random access resource for this random access procedure is signaled by gNB, the UE selects 2-step RACH.

[0067] - Otherwise, if a 4-step contention-free random access resource for this random access procedure is signaled by gNB, the UE selects 4-step RACH.

[0068] - Otherwise, if the UL BWP selected for this random access procedure consists only of 2-Step RACH resources, the UE selects 2-Step RACH.

[0069] - Otherwise, if the UL BWP selected for this random access procedure consists only of 4-Step RACH resources, the UE selects 4-Step RACH.

[0070] Otherwise, if the UL BWP selected for this random access procedure consists of both 2-Step and 4-Step RACH resources,

[0071] - If the RSRP of downlink path loss is below the configured threshold, the UE selects 4-Step RACH. Otherwise, the UE selects 2-Step RACH.

[0072] Paging in 5th Generation Wireless Communication Systems: In 5th generation (also known as NR or New Radio) wireless communication systems, a UE can be in one of the following RRC states: RRC IDLE, RRC INACTIVE, and RRC CONNECTED. RRC states can be further characterized as follows:

[0073] - In the RRC_IDLE state, a UE-specific DRX can be configured by the upper layer (i.e., NAS). The UE monitors short messages transmitted to the P-RNTI via the DCI; monitors the paging channel for CN paging using 5G-S-TMSI; performs neighbor cell measurement and cell (re)selection; and can acquire system information and send SI requests (if configured).

[0074] - In the RRC_INACTIVE state, a UE-specific DRX can be configured by the upper layer or the RRC layer. In this state, the UE stores the UE inactive AS context. The RAN-based alert region is configured by the RRC layer. The UE monitors short messages transmitted to P-RNTI via DCI; monitors paging channels for RAN paging using 5G-S-TMSI and fullI-RNTI; performs neighbor cell measurement and cell (re)selection; performs RAN-based alert region updates periodically and when moving out of the configured RAN-based alert region; can acquire system information and send SI requests (if configured).

[0075] - In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE stores the AS context. Unicast data is transmitted and received with the UE. At the lower layer, the UE can be configured with a UE-specific DRX. If configured, the UE monitors short messages transmitted to the P-RNTI via the DCI; monitors the control channel associated with the shared data channel to determine if data is scheduled for it; provides channel quality and feedback information; performs neighbor cell measurements and measurement reports; and acquires system information.

[0076] An NR-based 5G or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) consists of NG-RAN nodes, where the NG-RAN node acts as a gNB, providing NR user plane and control plane protocol endpoints to the UE. The gNB is also connected to the 5G core (5GC), more specifically the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), via the NG-C interface, and to the User Plane Function (UPF) via the NG-U interface. In 5th generation (also known as NR or New Radio) radio communication systems, the UE can use discontinuous reception (DRX) in the RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states to reduce power consumption. In the RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE state, the UE wakes up briefly at regular intervals (i.e., each DRX cycle) to receive paging, SI update notifications, and emergency notifications. Paging messages are transmitted using the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The Physical Downlink Common Control Channel (PDCCH) is addressed by the P-RNTI (paging RNTI) if there is a paging message on the PDSCH. The P-RNTI is common to all UEs. To indicate paging for a specific UE, the paging message includes the UE identity (i.e., S-TMSI for RRC_IDLE UEs or I-RNTI for RRC_INACTIVE UEs). A paging message can be paged to multiple UEs by including multiple UE identities. Paging messages are broadcast (i.e., the PDCCH is masked by the P-RNTI) and are transmitted over the data channel (i.e., the PDSCH). SI updates and emergency notifications are included in the DCI, and the PDCCH carrying this DCI is addressed by the P-RNTI.In RRC idle / inactive mode, the UE monitors one paging occasion (PO) per DRX cycle. In RRC idle / inactive mode, the UE monitors the PO in the initial DL BWP. In RRC connected state, the UE monitors one or more POs to receive SI update notifications and emergency notifications. In RRC connected state, the UE can monitor any PO of the paging DRX cycle and monitors at least one PO during the SI modification period. In RRC idle / inactive mode, the UE monitors the PO in the active DL BWP for each DRX cycle. A PO is a set of 'S' PDCCH monitoring occasions, which is the number of SSBs (Synchronization Signals and PBCH Blocks) transmitted from the cell. The UE first determines the paging frame (PF) and determines the PO for the determined PF. One PF is a radio frame (10ms).

[0077] - The PF for the UE is a radio frame with a system frame number 'SFN' satisfying the equation (SFN + PF_offset) mod T = (T div N) * (UE_ID mod N).

[0078] - The index (i_s) representing the index of the PO is determined by i_s = floor(UE_ID / N) mod Ns.

[0079] - T is the UE's DRX cycle.

[0080] - In the RRC_INACTIVE state, T is determined by the minimum of the UE-specific DRX value configured by RRC, the UE-specific DRX value configured by NAS (non-access stratum), and the default DRX value broadcast from system information.

[0081] - In the RRC_IDLE state, T is determined by the minimum of the UE-specific DRX value configured by the NAS and the default DRX value broadcast from the system information. If the UE-specific DRX is not configured by the upper layer (i.e., the NAS), the default value is applied.

[0082] - N: Total number of paging frames in T

[0083] - Ns: Number of paging opportunities for PF

[0084] - PF_offset: Offset used to determine PF

[0085] - UE_ID: 5G-S-TMSI mod 1024

[0086] - Ns, nAndPagingFrameOffset, and the default DRX cycle length are signaled in SIB1. The values ​​for N and PF_offset are derived from the nAndPagingFrameOffset parameter as defined in TS 38.331. If there is no 5G-S-TMSI, such as when the UE is not yet registered with the network, the default identity UE_ID = 0 must be used in the above PF and i_s formulas.

[0087] - The opportunity for PDCCH monitoring for paging is determined based on the paging-SearchSpace configuration signaled by the gNB.

[0088] - If SearchSpaceId = 0 is configured for pagingSearchSpace, the PDCCH monitoring opportunity for paging is for the RMSI, as defined in Clause 13 of TS 38.213. If SearchSpaceId = 0 is configured for pagingSearchSpace, Ns is 1 or 2. If Ns = 1, there is only one PO starting from the first PDCCH monitoring opportunity for paging in the PF. If Ns = 2, the PO is in the first frame (i_s = 0) or second frame (i_s = 1) of the PF.

[0089] - If a non-zero SearchSpaceId is configured for pagingSearchSpace, the UE monitors the (i_s + 1)th PO. The PDCCH monitoring opportunities for paging are determined based on the paging-SearchSpace configuration signaled by the gNB. The PDCCH monitoring opportunities do not overlap with the UL symbols determined by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, and they are numbered sequentially starting from the first PDCCH monitoring opportunity for paging in the PF. The gNB can signal the firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO parameter for each PO corresponding to each PF. If firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO is signaled, the (i_s + 1)th PO is a set of 'S' consecutive PDCCH monitoring opportunities for paging starting from the PDCCH monitoring opportunity number indicated by firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO (i.e., the (i_s + 1)th value of the firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO parameter). Otherwise, the (i_s + 1)th PO is a set of 'S' consecutive PDCCH monitoring opportunities starting from the (i_s * S)th PDCCH monitoring opportunity for paging. 'S' is the number of actual transmitted SSBs determined by the parameter ssb-PositionsInBurst signaled in SystemInformationBlock1 received from the gNB. The first-PDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO parameter is signaled in SIB1 for paging in the initial DL BWP. For paging in DL BWPs other than the initial DL BWP, the first-PDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO parameter is signaled in the corresponding BWP configuration.

[0090] In 5G NR, a paging enhancement feature was introduced, named Paging Early Indication (PEI) for UE power saving. Previously, in scenarios where only false paging or very infrequent paging existed, the UE could rapidly drain the battery by consuming high power while attempting to receive and monitor paging.

[0091] The concept of Early Paging Indication (PEI) is that if a UE provides advance notice of its Paging Opportunity (PO), it indicates whether the UE needs to monitor it. This allows the UE to skip time-frequency synchronization prior to the PO if monitoring is not required. PEI can be signaled via downlink control information messages or reference signals included in the physical downlink control channel.

[0092] Another important aspect related to PEI is the ability to provide subgrouping information that divides UEs sharing the same paging opportunity into subgroups. This lowers the group paging rate and reduces false paging alarms.

[0093] PEI can be signaled via DCI or reference signals. SIB 1 is used as the PEI configuration IE to inform the UE about the PEI configuration. DCI-based Early Paging Indication (PEI) is the preferred option because it can flexibly include subgroup indications and potentially contain short messages and other information. PEI refers to a limited-size DCI search space or sequence transmitted from the gNB prior to each paging opportunity. UEs in an idle / inactive state monitor the PEI search space; if an existing PEI indication is detected, they monitor the next PO. Otherwise, the UE enters a deep sleep and skips PO detection. The achievable power saving gains are attributed to the more limited PEI search space compared to the actual paging PDCCH. Therefore, PEI reduces unnecessary paging opportunity decoding for unpaged UEs, thereby reducing false paging alarms.

[0094] Additionally, PEI DCIs or sequences can be defined for UEs in an idle / inactive state within a specific group. Specifically, UEs in an idle / inactive state are subdivided into multiple paging groups, and PEI DCIs are scrambled in a group-specific manner. Therefore, if an idle / inactive UE decodes a PEI DCI using its own paging group scrambling code and calculates an invalid cyclic redundancy check, it assumes that the transmitted PEI is intended for one or more other paging groups and accordingly skips the PO, further reducing false paging alarms.

[0095] CN-Controlled Subgrouping: The AMF is responsible for assigning subgroup IDs to UEs. The total number of subgroups in CN-controlled subgrouping can be configured up to a maximum of eight, which is determined by the OAM. The AMF sends the subgroup ID to the UE via NAS signaling. The AMF informs the gNB of the assigned subgroup ID to page the UE in the RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE state. When a paging message for a UE is received from the CN to the gNB or generated by the gNB, the gNB determines the PEI opportunity associated with the PO for the UE. Before the UE is paged from the PO, the gNB transmits the associated PEI and, if supported by the UE(s), indicates the subgroup(s) of the UE(s) to be paged from the PEI. UE ID-Based Subgrouping: The gNB and the UE can determine the subgroup ID based on the UE ID and the total number of subgroups for UE ID-based subgrouping within the cell. The total number of subgroups for UE ID-based subgrouping is determined by the gNB for each cell and may differ across cells. The gNB broadcasts the total number of subgroups for UE ID-based subgrouping within the cell. When a paging message for a UE is received by the gNB from the CN or generated by the gNB, the gNB determines the PEI opportunity associated with the PO for the UE. Before the UE is paged from the PO, the gNB transmits the associated PEI and, if supported by the UE(s), indicates the subgroup(s) of the UE(s) to be paged from the PEI. In SIB1, information related to PEI configuration is transmitted. This includes information related to the PEI search space, DCI 2_7 information, SS indexing, UE-based subgrouping information, and other information related to configuring the PEI and subgrouping on the UE side and at the gNB sublayer.

[0096] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal may receive a reference signal from adjacent cells and base stations via Wake Up Radio (WUR) and New Radio (NR) according to certain conditions, receive a signal from a base station including a trigger condition that can utilize artificial intelligence, and the terminal may include an operation of predicting a measured value of the reference signal or determining whether the predicted value of the condition is matched by utilizing artificial intelligence, an operation of determining a trigger condition, and an operation of operating one RAT in a low-power mode.

[0097] The technical problems to be solved in the various embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0098] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a next-generation mobile communication system that supports network energy saving according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 1, a next-generation mobile communication system that supports network energy saving may be composed of a next-generation base station (1-01, g Node B, hereinafter gNB, Node B or base station), a cell (1-06, 1-07, 1-08), and a terminal (1-09, User Equipment (UE)). Here, the gNB may be composed of a CU (1-02, Central Unit) and one or more DUs (1-03, 1-04, Distributed Units).

[0100] One CU can support one or more DUs, and one DU (1-03, 1-04) can support one cell (1-06, 1-07, 1-08) or one or more cells (1-06, 1-07, 1-08).

[0101] UE (1-09) can access an external network through at least one cell via gNB.

[0102] FIG. 2 is a drawing for explaining the concept of a low-power radio (hereinafter LR) of a base station or cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 2, a base station supporting the Wake Up Radio (WUR) function is referred to as a WUR BS (2-1), and a terminal supporting the Wake Up Radio (WUR) function is referred to as a WUR UE (2-4). This WUR BS (2-1) may include a Main Radio (2-2, MR) for performing wireless communication with the WUR UE (2-4) and a WUR (2-3) for performing a Wake Up operation, and this WUR UE (2-4) may include a Main Radio (2-5, MR) for performing wireless communication with the WUR BS (2-1) and a WUR (2-6) for performing a Wake Up operation. At this time, the MR (2-2) of the WUR BS (2-1) may perform wireless communication with the MR (2-5) of the WUR UE (2-4) or other UEs. The WUR (2-3) of the WUR BS (2-1) can perform wireless communication with the WUR (2-6) of the WUR UE (2-4).

[0104] In one embodiment, the WUR (2-3, 2-6) may be a part of the MR (2-2, 2-5) and may not be two physically different modules, but rather one physically separate module that is logically distinct.

[0105] In one embodiment, the WUR (2-3, 2-6) may be part of the MR (2-2, 2-5) both physically and logically.

[0106] According to the embodiment, the WUR (2-3, 2-6) may be referred to as LP-WUR by adding Low Power, or may be referred to as Low Power Radio LR or LPR.

[0107] WUR BS (2-1) and WUR UE (2-4) may have the following operational configuration states.

[0108] 1. Full On state where both MR and WUR are turned on

[0109] 2. MR On state where only MR is turned on and WUR is off.

[0110] 3. Deep Sleep state where MR is (wholly or partially) off and only WUR is on.

[0111] 4. Full Off state where MR and WUR are both turned off (all or part of it).

[0112] 5. Light Sleep state, which saves power by not transmitting certain signals, such as broadcast signals like SSB and SIB, even though MR is turned on.

[0113] The Deep Sleep mode of the above terminal may be one of the following definitions.

[0114] - A mode in which the terminal disables all or part of the circuits and operations related to MR, thereby being unable to communicate wirelessly via MR and communicating cellular wirelessly via LP-WUR.

[0115] - A mode in which the terminal turns off all or part of the circuits and operations related to MR for most of the time, so that it does not communicate wirelessly via MR and can transmit and receive messages only via LP-WUR, but may briefly occur to perform reception via MR during any resource determined by the network, such as a periodic paging occasion for transmitting and receiving paging.

[0116] Meanwhile, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink LP-WUS setting and monitoring procedure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0117] According to FIG. 3, the terminal (3-1) and the serving cell base station (3-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (3-4, 3-6). The base station (3-2) may transmit a signal (3-7) containing LP-WUS configuration information and / or PEI configuration information for setting the signal to be received when the terminal (3-1) performs a power saving operation using LP-WUR. The signal may be included in a broadcast signal transmitted by the base station (3-2) to the terminal (3-1), for example, a master information block (MIB) included in an SSB, or in any system information block (SIB). Alternatively, it may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (3-2) to the terminal (3-1), for example, an RRC signal, a MAC signal, or a PHY signal.

[0118] The signal transmitted in steps 3-7 above may include all or part of the following downlink LP-WUS configuration information:

[0119] - Entry condition for the terminal (3-1) to start monitoring the LP-WUS using the LP-WUR:

[0120] ■ For example, when the serving (or camped) cell measurement value measured by the terminal (3-1) is greater than any threshold value included in the setting signal above

[0121] ■ For example, when the serving (or camped) cell measurement value measured by the terminal (3-1) through MR or LR or (MR and LR) is greater than any threshold value included in the setting signal

[0122] ■ For example, when the mobility of the terminal (3-1) inferred from serving (or camped) cell measurements taken at different times via MR or LR or (MR and LR) (the difference in measurements) is smaller than a certain threshold value

[0123] - An exit condition for stopping the monitoring of the LP-WUS corresponding to the entry condition for the terminal (3-1) to start monitoring the LP-WUS using the LP-WUR:

[0124] ■ For example, if the set entry conditions are not met

[0125] ■ For example, when setting a threshold value different from the entry condition for the exit condition

[0126] - Resource information for the terminal (3-1) to measure the downlink LP-WUS

[0127] ■ Frequency Information: Center frequency information, frequency ID information that identifies the center frequency

[0128] ■ Time Information: Period information, LP-WUS reception time duration information, time offset information

[0129] - The LP-WUS configuration information of the terminal (3-1) may include information such as a list of base stations to which the terminal can transmit the LP-WUS signal, for example, a list of base station IDs or a tracking area ID list.

[0130] - The above LP-WUS configuration information may include different values ​​for each base station (gNB) or each cell, and each LP-WUS configuration information corresponding to one or more base stations (or cells) may be included in the form of a list in a form matching the base station ID.

[0131] Terminals operating in Idle / Inactive mode receive a signal transmitted from any base station in step 3-7, such as a broadcast signal, e.g., a System Information Block (SIB), or a signal transmitted directly by the base station to the terminal, e.g., a type of RRC message, e.g., an RRC Reconfiguration signal, an RRC Release signal, etc., or a type of MAC message, e.g., MAC-CE, or a type of PHY message, e.g., a DCI signal, and if a specific condition is satisfied based on the LP-WUS settings within the signal, they may start LP-WUS monitoring (3-9) or operate the MR in any sleep mode (3-8). The operation in step 3-8 may be omitted depending on the terminal's MR state or decision.

[0132] In addition, terminals that support PEI among terminals operating in Idle / Inactive mode can receive PEI setting information included in the signal transmitted in step 3-7 from any base station, and monitor and receive PEI based on the PEI setting in the signal.

[0133] Terminals operating in Connected mode receive the signal transmitted from any base station in step 3-7 as a broadcast signal, e.g., System Information Block (SIB), or a signal transmitted directly by the base station to the terminal, e.g., a type of RRC message, e.g., RRC Reconfiguration signal, RRC Release signal, etc., or a type of MAC message, e.g., MAC-CE, or a type of PHY message, e.g., DCI signal, and if a specific condition is satisfied based on the LP-WUS settings within the signal, they may start LP-WUS monitoring (3-9) or operate the MR in any sleep mode (3-8). The operation in step 3-8 may be omitted depending on the terminal's MR state or decision.

[0134] In one embodiment, the terminal (3-1) that receives the LP-WUS setting and PEI setting simultaneously and supports PEI can receive the LP-WUS (3-10) when performing LP-WUS monitoring (3-9), and if the MR is operating in Sleep mode or is in a turned-off state, wake up the MR (3-11) to receive the PEI. The operation of step 3-11 may be omitted depending on the MR state of the terminal (3-1). At this time, if the subgroup of the terminal (3-1) is designated in the PEI, it may attempt to receive Paging occasions and receive the paging if the paging is transmitted from the base station (3-2) (3-12).

[0135] In one embodiment, when a terminal (3-1) that does not support PEI receives the LP-WUS setting and is performing LP-WUS monitoring (3-9), receives the LP-WUS (3-10), and can wake up the MR if the MR is operating in Sleep mode or is in a turned-off state (3-11). The operation of step 3-11 may be omitted depending on the MR state of the terminal (3-1). The terminal (3-1) may attempt to receive the set Paging occasions and may receive the paging if the paging is transmitted from the base station (3-2) (3-12).

[0136] According to one embodiment, the LP-WUS signal (step 3-10) can be used as a downlink signal that triggers the following operation.

[0137] 1. The downlink LP-WUS signal can be used as a signal to trigger the reception of network paging at subsequent paging occasions when received by an Idle / Inactive mode terminal.

[0138] - To this end, the base station may transmit LP-WUS configuration information, including an indicator that informs the terminal to perform the above operation when it receives LP-WUS, to the terminal in advance via MR or LP-WUR.

[0139] 2. When an Idle / Inactive mode terminal receives a downlink LP-WUS signal, it can be used as a signal to trigger the reception of a PEI signal indicating that there is paging in the network during the subsequent Paging early indication (PEI) signal reception period.

[0140] - To this end, the base station may transmit LP-WUS configuration information, including an indicator that informs the terminal to perform the above operation when it receives LP-WUS, to the terminal in advance via MR or LP-WUR.

[0141] In an embodiment such as that shown in FIG. 3, the terminal (3-1) may save power by keeping the LP-WUR (3-4) turned on, monitoring the LP-WUS through resources set by the base station (3-2), and operating the MR (3-3) in sleep mode. Alternatively, when the terminal (3-1) receives the LP-WUS to receive paging from the network, it may wake up the MR (3-3) and additionally monitor the PEI to obtain additional power saving benefits.

[0142] However, for a network that does not know whether a terminal operating in Idle / Inactive mode is currently running MR in sleep mode and monitoring only LP-WUS, or whether it has woken up MR because it does not meet the conditions, and which terminal supports PEI and intends to receive it, it may have the burden of always transmitting LP-WUS signals and PEI signals to page a specific terminal.

[0143] Furthermore, in the case of a terminal that simultaneously supports PEI, which also supports subgrouping, even though there is an LP-WUS that supports subgrouping, there may be an unreasonable situation where the Paging Occasion is unnecessarily selected and Paging reception attempts are made through two stages of subgrouping. Of course, if the subgroup size of the LP-WUS is sufficiently larger than the subgroup size of the PEI, utility may arise by ensuring that only a subset of terminals selected for PEI among those awakened by the LP-WUS monitor PO, thereby allowing fewer terminals to wake up and monitor PO through a two-stage selection process. However, since there may be terminals that do not monitor PEI, the base station cannot set the subgroup size of the LP-WUS to be infinitely large. Moreover, if the reception subgroup size of the LP-WUS is similar to or equal to the subgroup size of the PEI, such utility is further reduced. In such cases, power consumed by the terminal to wake up and receive PEI may be wasted, and the delay until PO monitoring is even increased.

[0144] In an embodiment similar to FIG. 3, the terminal (3-1) may receive an LP-WUS for a specific cell or a specific gNB from any gNB that performs a different role, such as an adjacent gNB or a gNB that manages connections, rather than a gNB (3-2) that transmits the LP-WUS (3-7), receive an LP-WUS from the cell and the gNB (3-10), and perform subsequent operations.

[0145] Meanwhile, FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a low-power operation execution procedure according to the conditions of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0146] According to FIG. 4, the terminal (4-1) and the serving cell base station (4-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (as described in 3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR, and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (as described in 3-4, 3-6). The base station (4-2) may transmit a signal (4-3) that includes setting information and parameters, such as threshold values, for setting the signal and operation resources, conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation, etc., for enabling the terminal (4-1) to perform a power saving operation using the LP-WUR. The signal may be included in a broadcast signal transmitted by the base station to the terminal, for example, a master information block (MIB) included in an SSB, or in any system information block (SIB). Alternatively, the above signal may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (4-2) to the terminal (4-1), for example, an RRC signal (RRC Reconfiguration, RRC Release), a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI).

[0147] The signal transmitted in step 4-3 above may include all or part of downlink LP-WUS configuration information, such as the signal of reference numeral 3-7 in the aforementioned FIG. 3.

[0148] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate the operation of starting to monitor the LP-WUS. In this case, the terminal (4-1) determines whether the conditions set by the base station (4-2) are satisfied (4-4), and if the entry condition is satisfied (4-5), the terminal (4-1) may start the corresponding LP-WUS monitoring operation (4-6). If an exit condition is set by the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether the exit condition is satisfied, and if satisfied, the terminal (4-1) may stop the LP-WUS monitoring operation.

[0149] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate the operation of offloading the serving cell measurement from MR to LR. In this case, the terminal (4-1) determines whether the conditions set by the base station (4-2) are satisfied (4-4), and if the entry condition is satisfied (4-5), the terminal (4-1) may start the operation of offloading the serving cell measurement from MR to LR (4-6). If the exit condition is set by the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether the exit condition is satisfied, and if it is satisfied, the terminal (4-1) may stop the operation of offloading the serving cell measurement from MR to LR (4-6).

[0150] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of the serving cell. In this case, in step 4-4, the terminal (4-1) may evaluate the conditions set by the base station (4-2). If the entry condition is satisfied as a result of the judgment in step 4-5, the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of the corresponding serving cell may be started in step 4-6. If an exit condition is set by the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether such exit condition is satisfied, and if satisfied, the terminal (4-1) may stop the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of the serving cell.

[0151] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of an adjacent cell (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation). In this case, in step 4-4, the terminal (4-1) may evaluate the conditions set by the base station (4-2). If the entry condition is satisfied as a result of the judgment in step 4-5, the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of the adjacent cell (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation) may be started in step 4-6. If an exit condition is set by the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether such exit condition is satisfied, and if satisfied, the terminal (4-1) may stop the operation of relaxing the RRM measurement of the adjacent cell (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation).

[0152] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate a power-saving operation by stopping some operations of the MR(NR), such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc. In this case, in step 4-4, the terminal (4-1) may evaluate the conditions set by the base station (4-2). If the entry condition is satisfied as a result of the judgment in step 4-5, the operation to save power by stopping some operations of the MR(NR), such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc., may be started in step 4-6. When an exit condition is set from the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether the exit condition is satisfied, and if satisfied, it can stop some operations of the MR(NR), such as RF transmission and reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc., to stop the power-saving operation.

[0153] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include entry / exit conditions for the terminal (4-1) to perform or terminate a power-saving operation by stopping some operations of the LR, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc. In this case, the terminal (4-1) may evaluate the conditions set by the base station (4-2). If the entry condition is satisfied as a result of the judgment in step 4-5, the terminal may start a power-saving operation by stopping some operations of the corresponding LR, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc., in step 4-6. When an exit condition is set from the base station (4-2), the terminal (4-1) determines whether the exit condition is satisfied, and if satisfied, it can stop some operations of the LR, such as RF transmission and reception, synchronization signal reception, Paging signal (or Paging Occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, Base band processing, etc., to stop the power-saving operation.

[0154] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include an indicator that indicates which low-power operation the terminal (4-1) will perform. The indicator may be included in a single information structure, such as the conditions and threshold values ​​required for the indicated low-power operation.

[0155] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 4-3 may include RRM measurement relaxation related settings of the serving cell and / or adjacent cell (e.g., relaxedMeasurement and / or SintraSearch and SnonintraSearch).

[0156] Meanwhile, FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure for performing low-power operation according to conditions through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0157] The present disclosure proposes a method for performing low-power operation of a terminal using prediction or inference utilizing AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning).

[0158] A terminal (5-1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use, as input to an AI / ML model, information on the measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the current serving cell and surrounding cell representative values, information on the measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the past serving cell and surrounding cell, information on the measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the current serving cell and surrounding cell, information on the measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the past serving cell and surrounding cell, location information of the terminal, speed information of the terminal, serving cell history information of the terminal, surrounding cell history information of the terminal, remaining power information of the terminal, history of setting information (e.g., RRC setting information), and capabilities of the terminal.

[0159] A terminal (5-1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use parameters for RRM relaxation conditions (e.g., parameters within SintraSearch and / or SnonintraSearch and / or relaxedMeasurement) as input to an AI / ML model.

[0160] A terminal (5-1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can obtain future cell representative values ​​or measurement value information of a beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) as the output of an AI / ML model.

[0161] In one embodiment, the terminal (5-1) can obtain parameters for RRM relaxation conditions (e.g., parameters within SintraSearch and / or SnonintraSearch and / or relaxedMeasurement) as output of an AI / ML model.

[0162] Through this, the terminal (5-1) can reduce energy consumption by preemptively performing a low-power operation, even if the current cell measurement value does not satisfy the conditions set by the network as described in step 4-3 of FIG. 4 for the terminal (5-1) to perform a specific low-power operation, by predicting through AI / ML that the conditions for performing the low-power operation will be satisfied for future cell or beam measurement values ​​(e.g., a situation where the terminal is moving to the center of a serving cell, or a situation where the terminal's mobility is decreasing).

[0163] Conversely, through this, the terminal (5-1) can reduce the delay in signal transmission and reception by enabling the terminal (5-1) to transmit and receive signals through the network and MR more quickly by preemptively stopping the low-power operation, even if the current cell measurement value does not satisfy the condition set by the network as described in step 4-3 of FIG. 4 for the terminal (5-1) to stop a specific low-power operation (e.g., a situation where the terminal is moving to the outskirts of a serving cell, or a situation where the terminal's mobility is increasing), by predicting through AI / ML that the condition for stopping the execution of the low-power operation will be satisfied for a future cell or beam measurement value (e.g., a situation where the terminal is moving to the outskirts of a serving cell, or a situation where the terminal's mobility is increasing).

[0164] As a general method for RRM relaxation, all terminals within a single serving cell receive common parameters related to common RRM relaxation conditions within system information (e.g., parameters within SintraSearch and / or SnonintraSearch and / or relaxedMeasurement) and determine the same RRM relaxation conditions accordingly. However, the actual state and circumstances of each terminal (such as the values ​​used as inputs for the aforementioned AI / ML model) may differ, and it may be necessary to set RRM relaxation conditions tailored to the specific situation of each terminal. For example, if many cells are located around a terminal, using a strict RRM relaxation condition—where the terminal searches for the best cell through sufficient RRM measurements—can help improve throughput when the terminal transitions to connected mode. Conversely, if there are no other cells besides the serving cell around the terminal, using a less strict RRM relaxation condition minimizes the terminal's RRM measurements, thereby encouraging the terminal to stay in the serving cell as long as possible and reducing energy consumption caused by unnecessary RRM measurements.

[0165] The RRM relaxation described according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may be a serving cell RRM relaxation for a serving cell, or a neighbor cell RRM relaxation for an adjacent cell.

[0166] The terminal (5-1) and the serving cell base station (5-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (as described in 3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR, and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (as described in 3-4, 3-6). The base station (5-2) may transmit a signal (5-3) containing setting information and parameters, such as threshold values, for setting the signal and operation resources, conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation, etc., for enabling the terminal (5-1) to perform a power saving operation using the LP-WUR. The signal may be a broadcast signal transmitted by the base station (5-2) to the terminal (5-1), such as a master information block (MIB) included in an SSB, or the signal may be included in any system information block (SIB). Alternatively, it may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (5-2) to a specific terminal (5-1), for example, an RRC signal (RRC Reconfiguration, RRC Release), a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI).

[0167] The signal transmitted in step 5-3 above may include all or part of the information and parameters that may be included in the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of FIG. 4.

[0168] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 5-3 may include an indicator that allows the terminal (5-1) to perform (or terminate) a conditional low-power operation using the prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0169] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 5-3 may include settings and parameters for the terminal (5-1) to derive a predicted measurement result of a cell or beam using AI / ML.

[0170] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 5-3 may include parameters and / or time values ​​to which conditions are applied in order for the terminal (5-1) to utilize the predicted measurement results of a cell or beam using AI / ML. For example, the formula for a weighted average used by the terminal (5-1) to obtain the measurement value of a cell or beam, for example, the formula for Layer 3 filtering, may be the same as the following Equation 1.

[0171]

[0172] In the above mathematical formula 1,

[0173] - = Used for measurement reporting and represents the updated filtered nth measurement result.

[0174] - = Represents the previously filtered measurement result.

[0175] - = Represents the most recently received measurement result at the physical layer.

[0176] - a = 1 / 2^(k / 4), where k is the filter coefficient for the corresponding measurement received by the quantityconfig parameter.

[0177] The signal transmitted in step 5-3 above can generate F_m, which is the measurement result of the measurement results sequentially predicted after the F_n value created from the measurement results up to that point, in order to utilize the predicted measurement result.

[0178] Here, the signal transmitted in step 5-3 above can set the maximum number of samples of the measurement value to be generated by m, or mn, or prediction.

[0179] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the base station (5-2) may use only the predicted value without using the existing actual measurement value F_n, and for this purpose, the signal transmitted in step 5-3 may include such an indicator.

[0180] In step 5-4, the terminal (5-1) can run an AI / ML model to output a predicted cell (or beam) measurement result (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR). Depending on the settings, the terminal (5-1) can output a cell (or beam) measurement result (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) for MR and / or LR.

[0181] Here, if the number of samples m or mn of any measurement value to be produced through the signal transmitted in step 5-3, or the maximum number of samples of the measurement value to be predicted and produced is set, the terminal (5-1) in step 5-4 can produce one or more predicted measurement results for this purpose.

[0182] The terminal (5-1) can run an AI / ML model to derive (output) relaxation condition parameters to be used for RRM relaxation of a serving cell or an adjacent cell. These may be parameters used for the relaxation conditions set by the base station (5-2). Alternatively, not only the relaxation condition parameters to be used as the output of the AI / ML but also the relaxation conditions to be used may be derived. In this case, if the base station (5-2) has not set the relaxation conditions, the terminal (5-1) may use the derived relaxation conditions, or if the base station (5-2) has set the relaxation conditions, the terminal (5-1) may use the derived relaxation conditions instead of the set relaxation conditions.

[0183] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal (5-1) may report the derived relaxation condition parameter (e.g., threshold) to the base station (5-2) when transitioning to a connection mode. For example, the terminal (5-1) may report the derived relaxation condition parameter (e.g., threshold) to the base station (5-2) when transitioning to a connection mode through a UEinformationResponse, MeasurementReport, or UEAssistanceInformation message. Through this, the base station (5-2) can obtain information about the RRM relaxation condition parameter used by the terminal (5-1) and utilize it for network configuration.

[0184] In step 5-5, the terminal (5-1) can determine whether any of the conditions for performing and stopping low-power operation set through the signal transmitted in step 5-3 are satisfied based on the actual cell (or beam) measurement result and / or the predicted cell (or beam) measurement result.

[0185] Here, if the number of samples m or mn of any measurement value to be generated through the signal transmitted in step 5-3, or the maximum number of samples of the measurement value to be generated by prediction is set, in step 5-5, the terminal (5-1) can determine whether the corresponding condition is satisfied for F_m using the predicted measurement values ​​generated in step 5-4.

[0186] Alternatively, the terminal (5-1) may determine whether the condition is satisfied even if, for any generated predicted measurement value, the number of samples of the measurement value has not reached m or mn or the maximum number of samples set by the network.

[0187] In one embodiment, if a terminal (5-1) satisfies a certain condition and it is set that the condition needs to be maintained for a specific time timer while in a state satisfying the condition, the time timer value for which the condition needs to be maintained may be set to a value different from the existing timer value when using a measurement value predicted by AI / ML through the signal transmitted in step 5-3. Additionally, if such a timer exists, the terminal (5-1) may determine that the condition is satisfied by checking that the condition is maintained through the measurement values ​​predicted by the network from the sample where the condition began to be satisfied, and through the measurement values ​​predicted during the set timer period.

[0188] In one embodiment, the terminal (5-1) may determine whether to perform RRM relaxation for a serving cell or an adjacent cell based on actual cell measurement results and / or predicted cell measurement results. For example, the terminal (5-1) may determine that the RRM relaxation condition is satisfied if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied.

[0189] - Condition 1. When the predicted cell measurement result satisfies the not-at-cell-edge condition. For example, when the predicted value is greater than the cell measurement threshold set by the base station.

[0190] - Condition 2. When the predicted cell measurement result satisfies the low mobility or stationary condition. For example, when the change in the predicted value is greater than the cell measurement threshold set by the base station (5-2) through the signal transmitted in step 5-3.

[0191] - Condition 3. When the actual cell measurement result satisfies the not-at-cell-edge condition. For example, when the actual measurement value is greater than the cell measurement threshold set by the base station via the signal transmitted in Step 5-3 above.

[0192] - Condition 4. When the actual cell measurement results satisfy the low mobility or stationary condition. For example, when the change in the actual measurement value is greater than the cell measurement threshold set by the base station via the signal transmitted in Step 5-3 above.

[0193] - Condition 5. If permission to perform RRM relaxation using predicted cell measurement results from the base station is granted or a relevant setting is received, for example, if permission is granted or a relevant setting is received via the signal transmitted in Step 5-3 above.

[0194] - Condition 6. If permission to perform RRM relaxation using actual cell measurement results is received from the base station or if a relevant setting is received, for example, if permission is received via the signal transmitted in Step 5-3 above or if a relevant setting is received

[0195] In step 5-6, if any one of the conditions set through the signal transmitted in step 5-3 is satisfied, the terminal (5-1) may proceed to step 5-7 to start or stop the low-power operation of the terminal referred to by the satisfied condition. Examples of the satisfaction of each condition and the corresponding low-power operation are described in FIG. 4 above and may be some or all of the following example operations.

[0196] - LP-WUS monitoring operation

[0197] - Perform the operation of offloading serving cell measurements from MR to LR (Serving cell measurement offloading).

[0198] - Perform the action to relax the RRM measurement of the serving cell.

[0199] - Perform the action of relaxing the RRM measurement of adjacent cells (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation)

[0200] - Stop certain MR(NR) operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0201] - Suspend some LR operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0202] Meanwhile, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0203] The present disclosure proposes a method for performing low-power operation of a terminal using prediction or inference utilizing AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning).

[0204] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use, as input to an AI / ML model, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the current serving cell and surrounding cell representative values, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the past serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the current serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the past serving cell and surrounding cell, location information of the terminal, speed information of the terminal, serving cell history information of the terminal, surrounding cell history information of the terminal, remaining power information of the terminal, history of configuration information (e.g., RRC configuration information), capabilities of the terminal, etc.

[0205] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use parameters for RRM relaxation conditions (e.g., parameters within SintraSearch and / or SnonintraSearch and / or relaxedMeasurement) as input to an AI / ML model.

[0206] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may obtain an indicator (or trigger) as an output of an AI / ML model that instructs the terminal to perform or stop any energy-saving operation. Examples of the low-power operation are described in FIG. 4 and may be some or all of the following example operations.

[0207] - LP-WUS monitoring operation

[0208] - Perform the operation of offloading serving cell measurements from MR to LR (Serving cell measurement offloading).

[0209] - Perform the action to relax the RRM measurement of the serving cell.

[0210] - Perform the action of relaxing the RRM measurement of adjacent cells (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation)

[0211] - Stop certain MR(NR) operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0212] - Suspend some LR operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0213] Through this, the terminal can reduce its energy consumption by preemptively performing a low-power operation, even if the current cell measurement value does not satisfy the conditions set by the network through the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of Fig. 4 for the terminal to perform a specific low-power operation (e.g., a situation where the terminal is moving to the center of a serving cell, or a situation where the terminal's mobility is decreasing), by predicting through AI / ML that the conditions for performing the low-power operation will be satisfied in the future.

[0214] Conversely, through this, the terminal can perform the same power saving operation based on the measurement. For example, even if the current cell measurement value does not satisfy the condition set by the network through the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of FIG. 4 for the terminal to stop a specific low-power operation, the terminal can reduce the delay in signal transmission and reception by preemptively stopping the low-power operation through AI / ML, by predicting that the condition for stopping the execution of the low-power operation will be satisfied in the future (e.g., when the terminal is moving to the outskirts of the serving cell, or when the terminal's mobility is increasing), thereby enabling the terminal to transmit and receive signals through the network and MR more quickly.

[0215] The terminal (6-1) and the serving cell base station (6-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (as described in 3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR, and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (as described in 3-4, 3-6). In step 6-3, the base station (6-2) may transmit a signal including setting information and parameters, such as threshold values, for setting the signal and operation resources, conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation, etc., to enable the terminal (6-1) to perform a power saving operation using the LP-WUR. The signal may be included in a broadcast signal transmitted by the base station (6-2) to the terminal (6-1), for example, a master information block (MIB) included in an SSB, or any system information block (SIB). Alternatively, the above-mentioned signal may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (6-2) to a specific terminal (6-1), for example, an RRC signal (RRC Reconfiguration, RRC Release), a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI).

[0216] The signal transmitted in step 6-3 above may include all or part of the information and parameters that may be included in the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of FIG. 4.

[0217] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 6-3 may include an indicator that allows the terminal (6-1) to perform (or terminate) a conditional low-power operation using a prediction result using AI / ML.

[0218] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 6-3 may include a setting and parameters for the terminal (6-1) to perform (or terminate) a low-power operation according to conditions using a prediction result using AI / ML.

[0219] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 6-3 may include an indicator that allows the terminal (6-1) to perform (or terminate) one or more low-power operations according to conditions using prediction results using AI / ML, or any list including IDs designating each low-power operation. Additionally, the signal may include a list of parameters for these low-power operations. In one embodiment, each low-power operation and parameter set may be linked to form an information structure, and a list of such information structures may be included in the signal transmitted in step 6-3.

[0220] In step 6-4, the terminal (6-1) can output a result of performing (or terminating) a low-power operation according to conditions using a prediction result using AI / ML. At this time, depending on the setting, the terminal (6-1) can output a result of performing (or terminating) one or more low-power operations for MR and / or LR.

[0221] In step 6-5, the terminal (6-1) can determine which of the conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation as directed according to the result of step 6-4 is satisfied.

[0222] In step 6-6, the terminal (6-1) may start or stop the low-power operation of the terminal (6-1) referred to by the satisfied condition determined in step 6-5. Examples of the satisfaction of each condition and the corresponding low-power operation may be the same as those described in FIG. 4 above.

[0223] Meanwhile, FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0224] The present disclosure proposes a method for performing low-power operation of a terminal using prediction or inference utilizing AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning), and feedback of AI / ML estimation / measurement values ​​resulting therefrom.

[0225] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use, as input to an AI / ML model, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the current serving cell and surrounding cell representative values, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the past serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the current serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the past serving cell and surrounding cell, location information of the terminal, speed information of the terminal, serving cell history information of the terminal, surrounding cell history information of the terminal, remaining power information of the terminal, history of configuration information (e.g., RRC configuration information), capabilities of the terminal, etc.

[0226] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can obtain future cell representative values ​​or measurement value information of a beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) as the output of an AI / ML model.

[0227] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may obtain an indicator (or trigger) as an output of an AI / ML model that instructs the terminal to perform or stop any energy-saving operation. Examples of the low-power operation are described in FIG. 4 and may be some or all of the following example operations.

[0228] - LP-WUS monitoring operation

[0229] - Perform the operation of offloading serving cell measurements from MR to LR (Serving cell measurement offloading).

[0230] - Perform the action to relax the RRM measurement of the serving cell.

[0231] - Perform the action of relaxing the RRM measurement of adjacent cells (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation)

[0232] - Stop certain MR(NR) operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0233] - Suspend some LR operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0234] - In one embodiment, the terminal may report the predicted cell measurement value to the base station when RRM relaxation is triggered by the predicted cell measurement result. For example, the terminal may report the predicted cell measurement value to the base station via a UEinformationResponse, MeasurementReport, or UEAssistanceInformation message. This may be useful information for the base station to set new RRM relaxation parameters for the terminal in the future.

[0235] The terminal (7-1) and the serving cell base station (7-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (as described in 3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR, and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (as described in 3-4, 3-6). In step 7-3, the base station (7-2) may transmit a signal including setting information and parameters, such as threshold values, for setting the signal and operation resources, conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation, etc., to enable the terminal (7-1) to perform a power saving operation using the LP-WUR. The signal may be included in a broadcast signal transmitted by the base station (7-2) to the terminal (7-1), for example, a master information block (MIB) included in an SSB, or any system information block (SIB). Alternatively, the above-mentioned signal may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (7-2) to a specific terminal (7-1), for example, an RRC signal (RRC Reconfiguration, RRC Release), a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI).

[0236] The signal transmitted in step 7-3 above may include all or part of the information and parameters that may be included in the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of FIG. 4 and / or step 5-3 of FIG. 5 and / or step 6-3 of FIG. 6.

[0237] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 7-3 may include settings and parameters for a feedback signal for the terminal (7-1) to report the results of performing AI / ML to the network. For example, the signal transmitted in step 7-3 may include any of the following conditions and parameters for the terminal (7-1) to transmit a feedback signal:

[0238] - When the output value estimated through AI / ML causes a change in the terminal's low-power operation (starting or stopping a specific operation), or instructs or triggers the occurrence of such a change

[0239] - When measurements for future cells or beams estimated via AI / ML satisfy certain conditions that cause a change in the terminal's low-power operation (starting or stopping a specific operation), or instruct or trigger such a change

[0240] - When the measurement value for a future cell or beam estimated through AI / ML differs from the actual measurement value actually measured by the terminal by more than a certain threshold value. In this case, the base station may provide the threshold value to the terminal through the signal transmitted in step 7-3.

[0241] In step 7-4, the terminal (7-1) can perform an AI / ML-based operation such as that shown in FIG. 5 and / or FIG. 6 according to the setting of the signal transmitted in step 7-3 and the AI / ML model and function that the terminal (7-1) can perform, and can decide to perform or stop a power saving operation as a result of such operation (7-5).

[0242] In step 7-5, the terminal (7-1) can determine whether any feedback signal transmission conditions set through the signal transmitted in step 7-3 are satisfied, such as when an AI / ML estimate value derived from the result of step 7-4 or a trigger instructing the execution / cessation of a low-power operation of any terminal occurs. In step 7-6, if the feedback signal transmission conditions are satisfied, the terminal (7-1) can transmit a feedback signal to the base station (7-2). The feedback signal may be transmitted by being included in the signal transmitted by the terminal (7-1) to the base station (7-2), for example, an RRC signal, a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (UCI).

[0243] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the terminal (7-1) may transmit the corresponding feedback signal to the base station (7-2) as a response signal to a request signal, such as an RRC signal, a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI), which the base station (7-2) transmits to the downlink.

[0244] In one embodiment, the terminal (7-1) may transmit all or part of the following information as an AI / ML feedback signal to the base station (7-2), and the indicators and reference times or sample counts required for this purpose may be included in the AI / ML setting signal transmitted in step 7-3:

[0245] - Future cell representative values ​​of MR(NR) estimated by AI / ML, or measurement information of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR)

[0246] - LR cell representative values ​​estimated by AI / ML, or measurement information of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR)

[0247] - Cell representative values ​​measured by MR, or measurement information of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR)

[0248] - Cell representative value measured by NR, or measurement information of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR)

[0249] - The difference between the future cell representative value of MR(NR) estimated by AI / ML, or the measured value of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR), and the cell representative value measured by MR, or the measured value of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell.

[0250] ■ Or the average value of the above differences over a certain period of time. (Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean)

[0251] ■ Or a record value in the form of a list that records the above difference over a certain period of time

[0252] - The difference between the future cell representative value of LR estimated by AI / ML, or the measured value of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR), and the cell representative value measured by LR, or the measured value of the beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell.

[0253] - The above measurements or estimates may be a single measurement / estimation, or multiple measurements / estimations corresponding to a set time or a set number of sampling cycles set by the network.

[0254] - An indicator (or trigger) that directs a terminal, determined by AI / ML, to perform or stop a certain energy-saving action

[0255] When the terminal (7-1) is in a connected mode, it can transmit the above feedback when the conditions set by the network are satisfied, and when it is in an idle mode (Idle / Inactive mode), it can transmit the above feedback through the following method.

[0256] - Perform a network connection and transmit after the connection.

[0257] - Save and transmit later when connected to the network

[0258] - If there is a method to transmit without establishing a network connection (e.g., short data transmission without connection setup), use this method to transmit.

[0259] - Transmit using other RATs (radio access technologies) such as LR

[0260] In step 7-7, the terminal (7-1) may start or stop a specific low-power operation of the terminal according to the satisfied condition determined in step 7-4. Examples of the satisfaction of each condition and the corresponding low-power operation may be the same as those described in FIG. 4 above.

[0261] Meanwhile, FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure in which a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure performs a low-power operation through a prediction measurement result using AI / ML.

[0262] The present disclosure proposes a method for performing low-power operation of a terminal using prediction or inference utilizing AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning), and feedback of AI / ML estimation / measurement values ​​resulting therefrom.

[0263] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may use, as input to an AI / ML model, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the current serving cell and surrounding cell representative values, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of the past serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the current serving cell and surrounding cell, information on measured values ​​(RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) of beams and reference signals (SSB, CSI-RS) transmitted by the past serving cell and surrounding cell, location information of the terminal, speed information of the terminal, serving cell history information of the terminal, surrounding cell history information of the terminal, remaining power information of the terminal, history of configuration information (e.g., RRC configuration information), capabilities of the terminal, etc.

[0264] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can obtain future cell representative values ​​or measurement value information of a beam or reference signal transmitted by a cell (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) as the output of an AI / ML model.

[0265] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may obtain an indicator (or trigger) as an output of an AI / ML model that instructs the terminal to perform or stop any energy-saving operation. Examples of the low-power operation are described in FIG. 4 and may be some or all of the following example operations.

[0266] - LP-WUS monitoring operation

[0267] - Perform the operation of offloading serving cell measurements from MR to LR (Serving cell measurement offloading).

[0268] - Perform the action to relax the RRM measurement of the serving cell.

[0269] - Perform the action of relaxing the RRM measurement of adjacent cells (Neighbor cell RRM measurement relaxation)

[0270] - Stop certain MR(NR) operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0271] - Suspend some LR operations, such as RF transmission / reception, synchronization signal reception, paging signal (or paging occasion) monitoring, PDCCH monitoring, and baseband processing.

[0272] The terminal (8-1) and the serving cell base station (8-2) may each include a Main Radio (MR) (as described in 3-3, 3-5) which can be represented by 5G NR, and a low-power radio, LP-WUR (as described in 3-4, 3-6). In step 8-3, the base station (8-2) may transmit a signal including setting information and parameters, such as threshold values, for setting the signal and operation resources, and conditions for performing and stopping the low-power operation, in order to enable the terminal (8-1) to perform a power saving operation using the LP-WUR. The signal may be included in a master information block (MIB) or any system information block (SIB) that is included in the broadcast signal transmitted by the base station (8-2) to the terminal (8-1), for example, within an SSB. Alternatively, it may be transmitted by being included in a Unicast signal transmitted by the base station (8-2) to the terminal (8-1), for example, an RRC signal (RRC Reconfiguration, RRC Release), a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (DCI).

[0273] The signal transmitted in step 8-3 above may include all or part of the information and parameters that may be included in the signal transmitted in step 4-3 of FIG. 4 and / or step 5-3 of FIG. 5 and / or step 6-3 of FIG. 6.

[0274] In one embodiment, the signal transmitted in step 8-3 may include settings and parameters for a feedback signal for the terminal (8-1) to report the results of performing AI / ML to the network. For example, the signal transmitted in step 8-3 may include any of the following conditions and parameters for the terminal (8-1) to transmit a feedback signal:

[0275] - When the output value estimated through AI / ML causes a change in the terminal's low-power operation (starting or stopping a specific operation), or instructs or triggers the occurrence of such a change

[0276] - When measurements for future cells or beams estimated via AI / ML satisfy certain conditions that cause a change in the terminal's low-power operation (starting or stopping a specific operation), or instruct or trigger such a change

[0277] - When the measurement value for a future cell or beam estimated through AI / ML differs from the actual measurement value actually measured by the terminal by more than a certain threshold value. In this case, the base station may provide the threshold value to the terminal through the signal transmitted in step 8-3.

[0278] In step 8-4, the terminal (8-1) may perform an AI / ML-based operation such as that shown in FIG. 5 and / or FIG. 6 according to the setting of the signal transmitted in step 8-3 and the AI / ML model and function that the terminal (8-1) can perform, and may decide to perform or stop a power saving operation as a result of such operation.

[0279] In step 8-5, the terminal (8-1) may start or stop a specific low-power operation of the terminal according to the satisfied condition determined in step 8-4. Examples of the satisfaction of each condition and the corresponding low-power operation are described in FIG. 4.

[0280] In step 8-6, the terminal (8-1) can determine whether any feedback signal transmission conditions set through the signal transmitted in step 8-3 are satisfied, such as when an AI / ML estimate value derived from the result of step 8-4 or a trigger instructing the execution / cessation of a low-power operation of any terminal occurs. In step 8-7, if the feedback signal transmission conditions are satisfied, the terminal (8-1) can transmit a feedback signal to the base station (8-2). The feedback signal may be transmitted by being included in the signal transmitted by the terminal (8-1) to the base station (8-2), for example, an RRC signal, a MAC signal (MAC-CE), or a PHY signal (UCI).

[0281] Alternatively, in one embodiment, the terminal (8-1) may transmit the corresponding feedback signal to the base station (8-2) as a response signal to the request signal, e.g., RRC signal, MAC signal (MAC-CE), or PHY signal (DCI), which the base station (8-2) transmits to the downlink.

[0282] In one embodiment, the terminal (8-1) may transmit an AI / ML feedback signal to the base station (8-2), and for this purpose, the necessary indicators, reference time, or number of samples may be included in the AI / ML setting signal transmitted in step 8-3, and may include all or part of various information as described in step 7-6 of FIG. 7.

[0283] In one embodiment, the terminal (8-1) may additionally include the following information in the Ai / ML feedback signal (8-7).

[0284] - Estimated power savings (or unspent losses) that could have been achieved by performing low-power operations (listed in Figure 4) early using AI / ML

[0285] - Estimated latency reduction (or estimated latency increase) that could be saved by terminating low-power operations (listed in Figure 4) early using AI / ML

[0286] - Performance and power loss caused by terminating low-power operations (listed in Figure 4) before achieving sufficient effect, despite performing them early using AI / ML (ping-pong effect).

[0287] ■ To this end, the network may include a reference time for determining the occurrence of a ping-pong phenomenon in the AI / ML setting signal and transmit it to the terminal.

[0288] Alternatively, the terminal can determine on its own that a transition time is sufficient for low-power operation to be effective, and accordingly observe whether ping-pong occurs within that time.

[0289] Alternatively, the terminal may include in the feedback information whether a ping-pong occurred, the time, and the number of occurrences observed according to the settings of the network or its own judgment.

[0290] Meanwhile, when the terminal (8-1) is in a connected mode, it can transmit the above feedback when the conditions set by the network are satisfied, and when it is in an idle mode (Idle / Inactive mode), it can transmit the above feedback through the following method.

[0291] - Perform a network connection and transmit after the connection.

[0292] - Save and transmit later when connected to the network

[0293] - If there is a method to transmit without establishing a network connection (e.g., short data transmission without connection setup), use this method to transmit.

[0294] - Transmit using other RATs (radio access technologies) such as LR

[0295] Meanwhile, FIG. 9 is a drawing illustrating the structure of a base station according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 9, the base station may include a transceiver (910), a control unit (920), and a storage unit (930). The transceiver (910), the control unit (920), and the storage unit (930) may operate according to the communication method of the base station described above. Additionally, a network device may also correspond to the structure of the base station. However, the components of the base station are not limited to the examples described above. For example, the base station may include more components or fewer components than the components described above. For example, the base station may include a transceiver (910) and a control unit (920). Furthermore, the transceiver (910), the control unit (920), and the storage unit (930) may be implemented in the form of a single chip.

[0297] The transceiver (910) is a collective term for the receiver and the transmitter of a base station and can transmit and receive signals with a terminal, another base station, or another network device. At this time, the signals transmitted and received may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver (910) can transmit system information to a terminal and can transmit a synchronization signal or a reference signal. To this end, the transceiver (910) may be composed of an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies a received signal and down-converts the frequency. However, this is merely one embodiment of the transceiver (910), and the components of the transceiver (910) are not limited to an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. The transceiver (910) may include a wired / wireless transceiver and may include various configurations for transmitting and receiving signals. Additionally, the transceiver (910) can receive a signal through a communication channel (e.g., a wireless channel) and output it to a control unit (920), and transmit the signal output from the control unit (920) through the communication channel. Additionally, the transceiver (910) can receive a communication signal and output it to a processor, and transmit the signal output from the processor to a terminal, another base station, or another entity through a wired or wireless network.

[0298] The storage unit (930) can store programs and data necessary for the operation of the base station. Additionally, the storage unit (930) can store control information or data included in signals obtained from the base station. The storage unit (930) may be composed of a storage medium or a combination of storage media such as ROM, RAM, hard disk, CD-ROM, and DVD. Additionally, the storage unit can store at least one of information transmitted and received through the transmission and reception unit and information generated through the control unit.

[0299] In the present disclosure, the control unit (920) may be defined as a circuit or an application-specific integrated circuit or at least one processor. The processor may include a communication processor (CP) that performs control for communication and an application processor (AP) that controls upper layers such as applications. The control unit (920) may control the overall operation of a base station according to an embodiment proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the control unit (920) may control the signal flow between each block to perform operations according to the flowchart described above.

[0300] FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating the structure of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0301] Referring to FIG. 10, the terminal may include a transceiver (1010), a control unit (1020), and a storage unit (1030). The transceiver (1010), the control unit (1020), and the storage unit (1030) may operate according to the communication method of the terminal described above. However, the components of the terminal are not limited to the examples described above. For example, the terminal may include more components or fewer components than the components described above. For example, the terminal may include a transceiver (1010) and a control unit (1020). In addition, the transceiver (1010), the control unit (1020), and the storage unit (1030) may be implemented in the form of a single chip.

[0302] The transceiver (1010) is a collective term for the receiving unit and the transmitting unit of a terminal, and can transmit and receive signals with a base station, another terminal, or a network entity. The signals transmitted and received with the base station may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver (1010) can receive system information from the base station and can receive a synchronization signal or a reference signal. To this end, the transceiver (1010) may be composed of an RF transmitter that up-converts and amplifies the frequency of a transmitted signal, and an RF receiver that low-noise amplifies a received signal and down-converts the frequency. However, this is merely one embodiment of the transceiver (1010), and the components of the transceiver (1010) are not limited to an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. Additionally, the transceiver (1010) may include a wired / wireless transceiver and may include various configurations for transmitting and receiving signals. Additionally, the transceiver (1010) can receive a signal through a wireless channel and output it to a control unit, and transmit the signal output from the control unit through a wireless channel. Additionally, the transceiver (1010) can receive a communication signal and output it to a processor, and transmit the signal output from the processor to a network entity through a wired or wireless network.

[0303] The storage unit (1030) can store programs and data necessary for the operation of the terminal. Additionally, the memory can store control information or data included in signals obtained from the terminal. The storage unit may be composed of a storage medium or a combination of storage media such as ROM, RAM, hard disk, CD-ROM, and DVD.

[0304] In the present disclosure, the control unit (1020) may be defined as a circuit or an application-specific integrated circuit or at least one processor. The processor may include a communication processor (CP) that performs control for communication and an application processor (AP) that controls upper layers such as applications. The control unit (1020) may control the overall operation of the terminal according to the embodiment proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the control unit (1020) may control the signal flow between each block to perform operations according to the flowchart described above.

[0305] Methods according to the embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0306] When implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium may be provided for storing one or more programs (software modules). One or more programs stored in the computer-readable storage medium are configured for execution by one or more processors within an electronic device. One or more programs include instructions that cause the electronic device to execute methods according to embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present invention.

[0307] Such programs (software modules, software) may be stored in random access memory, non-volatile memory including flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), magnetic disc storage devices, Compact Disc-ROM (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs), or other forms of optical storage devices, magnetic cassettes. Alternatively, they may be stored in memory composed of some or all of these. Additionally, each constituent memory may include multiple units.

[0308] In addition, the above program may be stored on an attachable storage device that can be accessed via a communication network such as the Internet, Intranet, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide LAN (WLAN), or Storage Area Network (SAN), or a combination thereof. Such a storage device may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present invention through an external port. Additionally, a separate storage device on a communication network may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present invention.

[0309] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, the components included in the invention are expressed in a singular or plural form according to the specific embodiments presented. However, the singular or plural expression is selected to suit the situation presented for convenience of explanation, and the present invention is not limited to singular or plural components; even if a component is expressed in the plural form, it may be composed of a singular form, or even if a component is expressed in the singular form, it may be composed of a plural form.

[0310] Meanwhile, although specific embodiments have been described in the detailed description of the present disclosure, it is understood that various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims set forth below as well as equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving first configuration information related to power saving and second configuration information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a base station; A step of identifying whether the conditions for power saving are satisfied based on the first setting information and the second setting information, and based on the results measured for the cell or beam and the results predicted based on an AI / ML model; and A method comprising the step of performing low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation when the initiation condition for the above power saving operation is satisfied.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method characterized by further including the step of stopping the LP-WUS monitoring operation when the condition for stopping the operation for power saving is satisfied.

3. In Paragraph 1, whether the above condition is satisfied is, As a result of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information above and the predicted value predicted based on the AI / ML model, As a result of comparing the change amount of the predicted value predicted based on the threshold value included in the first setting information above and the AI / ML model above, A result of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information above with the measured value for the cell or the beam, or A method characterized by being identified based on at least one of the results of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information and the amount of change of the measured value measured for the cell or the beam.

4. In Paragraph 1, A step of determining whether the feedback information transmission condition is satisfied based on the first setting information and the second setting information; The step of transmitting feedback information to the base station when the above feedback information transmission conditions are satisfied; further comprising The above feedback information is, A method characterized by including at least one of a predicted value based on the above AI / ML model, or a measured value for the cell or the beam.

5. A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving first configuration information related to power saving and second configuration information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a base station; A step of determining whether to start or stop the operation for power saving based on an AI / ML model, based on the first setting information and the second setting information; and A method comprising the step of performing low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation when the operation for power saving is initiated based on the above judgment result.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method characterized by further including the step of stopping the LP-WUS monitoring operation when the operation for power saving is stopped based on the above judgment result.

7. In Paragraph 5, A step of determining whether the feedback information transmission condition is satisfied based on the first setting information and the second setting information; The step of transmitting feedback information to the base station when the above feedback information transmission conditions are satisfied; further comprising The above feedback information is, A method characterized by including at least one of a predicted value predicted based on the AI / ML model, a measured value for the cell or the beam, or instruction information indicating the initiation or cessation of the operation for power saving determined based on the AI / ML model.

8. In a terminal of a wireless communication system, Transmitter / receiver; and Receives first setting information related to power saving and second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from a base station through the above transceiver, and Based on the first setting information and the second setting information, the satisfaction of the conditions for power reduction is identified according to the results measured for the cell or beam and the results predicted based on an AI / ML model. A terminal comprising: a control unit that controls the performance of low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation when the initiation condition for the above-mentioned power saving operation is satisfied.

9. In Paragraph 8, The above control unit is, A terminal characterized by controlling the LP-WUS monitoring operation to stop when the condition for stopping the operation for power saving is satisfied.

10. In Paragraph 8, whether the above conditions are satisfied is, As a result of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information above and the predicted value predicted based on the AI / ML model, As a result of comparing the change amount of the predicted value predicted based on the threshold value included in the first setting information above and the AI / ML model above, A result of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information above with the measured value for the cell or the beam, or A terminal characterized by being identified based on at least one of the results of comparing the threshold value included in the first setting information and the amount of change of the measured value measured for the cell or the beam.

11. In Paragraph 8, The above control unit is, Based on the first setting information and the second setting information, determine whether the feedback information transmission condition is satisfied, and When the above feedback information transmission conditions are satisfied, control is made to transmit the feedback information to the base station through the transceiver. The above feedback information is, A terminal characterized by including at least one of a predicted value based on the above AI / ML model, or a measured value measured for the cell or the beam.

12. In a terminal of a wireless communication system, Transmitter / receiver; and Receive first setting information related to power saving and second setting information related to artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) from the base station through the above transceiver, and Based on the first setting information and the second setting information, and based on an AI / ML model, it is determined whether to start or stop the operation for power saving, and A terminal comprising: a control unit that controls the performance of low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring as a low power operation when the operation for power saving is initiated based on the above judgment result.

13. In Paragraph 12, The above control unit is, A terminal characterized by controlling the LP-WUS monitoring operation to stop when the operation for power saving is stopped based on the above judgment result.

14. In Paragraph 12, The above control unit is, Based on the first setting information and the second setting information, determine whether the feedback information transmission condition is satisfied, and When the above feedback information transmission conditions are satisfied, the feedback information is transmitted to the base station through the transceiver, and The above feedback information is, A terminal characterized by including at least one of a predicted value predicted based on the AI / ML model, a measured value measured for the cell or the beam, or instruction information indicating the initiation or cessation of the operation for power saving determined based on the AI / ML model.

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