Combustion chamber with complete combustion of coal

Abstract

The present combustion chamber with complete combustion of coal relates to the field of industrial and municipal heating. The chamber comprises an upper frame and a lower frame, which are welded from angle bars. Disposed above a firebox is a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, which is supported by an upper longitudinal tube arranged along the direction of flow of the combustion gases, said tube being attached to the upper frame and extending beyond the frame for connection to a heating system. On the front side, the metal pipe is fastened to the upper frame by a steel strip and comprises a longitudinal pipe extending beyond the frame for connection, via a vertical pipe, to a grate support pipe which is arranged along the lower frame, symmetrically about the centre, and is welded to the angle bars thereof, the grate support pipe extending beyond the frame on the rear side for connection to the heating system, and on the front side for connection to the vertical pipe. The technical result is the continuous circulation of liquid and the complete drainage of liquid from the framework of the combustion chamber.

Description

[0001] U

[0002] Firebox with complete combustion of coals

[0003] Technical Field: The invention relates to industrial and municipal heat power engineering, as well as to combustion chambers in which coal is burned.

[0004] Prior art. Combustion chambers / 1, 2, 3 / intended for heating buildings are known.

[0005] Of the known hot water boilers and combustion chambers, the closest in technical essence is the combustion chamber / 3 / .

[0006] The combustion chamber contains:

[0007] 1. Upper frame, lower frame and inner frame, welded from liquid-cooled pipes connected to the heating system.

[0008] 2. On the inner frame along the perimeter, at some distance from each other, cooling tubes are welded, supporting the brick chimney hanging over the grates.

[0009] 3. The inner frame is supported by tubes welded to the upper frame across the combustion chamber, i.e. the tubes are located across the flow of flue gases.

[0010] 4. To protect the brick chimney from collapse, the bricks of the brick chimney are supported by brick stops.

[0011] Reasons preventing the achievement of a technical result:

[0012] 1). Numerous joints between the inner frame and the cooling tubes, and between the upper and lower frame tubes, reduce reliability, complicate the design, increase labor intensity, and raise the cost of manufacturing the structure.

[0013] 2). The brick chimney is attached to cooling tubes welded to the internal frame. If the brick joints are poorly sealed or if the joint seals are damaged, the insulation between the flue gases inside the brick chimney and the flue gases outside the brick chimney is compromised. This causes flue gases to leak through the brick chimney and enter the firebox. Backdrafting can also occur in the flue pipes, causing flue gases to migrate back into the brick chimney and then through damaged insulation at the joints into the firebox.

[0014] 3). Fluid circulation in the cooling tubes supporting the brick chimney overhang occurs naturally (convectively), i.e., the fluid circulation system in the cooling tubes is not continuous (through), but dead-end, which has insufficient liquid cooling. 4). When draining fluid from the firebox frame, the fluid is not completely drained, i.e., fluid remains in the cooling tubes supporting the brick chimney overhang.

[0015] 5). The inner frame is connected to the upper frame by a tube positioned transverse to the flue gas flow. Insulating the tube from the flue gas with brickwork obstructs the passage of flue gases and reduces the cross-sectional height of the flue gas passage. Increasing the cross-sectional height will require increasing the height of the firebox.

[0016] 6). Unburned flue gases from the firebox exit into the exhaust pipe along with the flue gases.

[0017] The objective of the utility model is to create a reliable and efficient combustion chamber design that is easy to manufacture and has lower labor intensity and manufacturing cost, in which:

[0018] 1). Reliable insulation of flue gases inside the brick chimney from flue gases outside the brick chimney, without flue gas leakage through damaged insulation at the joints of the brick chimney, and also without back draft in the flue gas pipes, flue gases back into the brick chimney and further through damaged insulation at the joints of the brick chimney, into the firebox.

[0019] 2). There is a flowing circulation of liquid, from which the liquid can be drained.

[0020] 3). There is no cross pipe that impedes the flow of flue gases and does not reduce the height of the cross-section of the flue gas passage when it is lined.

[0021] 4). Unburned flue gases in the firebox are burned on their way from the firebox to the exhaust pipe.

[0022] A set of known signs:

[0023] 1). The lower frame, upper frame and inner frame are welded from liquid-cooled pipes connected to the heating system.

[0024] 2). Cooling tubes are welded to the inner frame around the perimeter, at some distance from each other, supporting the brick chimney hanging over the grate.

[0025] 3). The inner frame is supported by tubes welded to the upper frame across the combustion chamber, i.e. the tubes are located across the flow of flue gases.

[0026] 4). To protect the brick chimney from collapse, the bricks are supported by brick stops. A set of distinctive features. The proposed firebox differs from the existing one:

[0027] 1). The lower frame and upper frame are welded from corners.

[0028] 2). A pipe for supporting the grate bars is installed symmetrically in the center along the lower frame, welded to the corners of the lower frame, extending beyond the frame, on the back side for connection to the heating system, and on the front side for connection to the vertical pipe.

[0029] 3). The grates in the lower frame, with their inner sides, lie on the pipe for supporting the grates with liquid cooling, and with their outer sides, lie on the corners of the lower frame, which are located on the bricks of the brick wall.

[0030] 4). There is a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, which is attached to the upper frame, with an upper longitudinal pipe located along the flow of flue gases, and extends beyond the frame for connection to the heating system, and also has a lower longitudinal pipe on the front side, extending beyond the frame, for connection with the pipe for supporting the grates, through a vertical pipe.

[0031] 5). The bricks of the brick pipe are attached to the metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket so that the brick pipe is located lower than the metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket.

[0032] 6). Along the path of gases from the furnace to the exhaust pipe, rows of bricks installed edge-on at some distance from each other are used as catalysts, with the rows of bricks arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

[0033] The technical results obtained from using the utility model are that:

[0034] 1). Efficient combustion of flue gases occurs.

[0035] 2). The design becomes reliable during operation.

[0036] 3). Manufacturing is simplified, labor intensity and manufacturing costs are reduced, and material consumption and the cost of the structure are also reduced.

[0037] 4). Ensures flowing circulation of liquid and complete drainage of liquid from the combustion chamber frame.

[0038] 5). The flow of flue gases is not obstructed, and the height of the cross-section of the flue gases is not reduced, and there is no need to increase the height of the combustion chamber itself to increase the cross-section of the flue gases.

[0039] Distinctive features ensure a technical result due to the fact that:

[0040] 1). A metal chimney with a liquid-cooled jacket improves the combustion efficiency of flue gases and eliminates joint leaks. It prevents the brick chimney from collapsing because the metal chimney protects the brick chimney from mechanical impacts, reliably isolates the flue gases inside the brick chimney from the flue gases outside the brick chimney, and prevents flue gases from leaking into the firebox. Backdraft in the flue gas pipes and the entry of flue gases into the firebox are prevented. When loading coal, large coals do not impact the brick chimney.

[0041] 2). Bricks installed on edge, at some distance from each other in the space between the brick chimney and the brick wall, on the way from the firebox to the exhaust pipe, increase the efficiency of combustion of flue gases due to the fact that the flue gases burn from contact with the heated bricks installed on edge, or burn from mixing with the flue gases arising from the turbulent flow of the outgoing gases, when passing through rows of bricks installed in a checkerboard pattern.

[0042] 3). Frames made of metal angles and a pipe with liquid-cooled jackets increase operational reliability due to the fact that the design reduces the number of joints requiring sealed welding, i.e., the likelihood of leaks due to a loss of seal is reduced.

[0043] 4). Metal frames made of angle iron and a metal tube with a liquid-cooling jacket simplify the design, reduce labor intensity, and lower manufacturing costs. This is because angle irons are easier to weld than sealed joints between the upper and lower liquid-cooled tubes and the inner frame with cooling tubes. Furthermore, insulation of the upper and lower frame angle irons is not required.

[0044] 5). The pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, to which the brick pipe is attached, ensures the flow of liquid circulation and the complete drainage of liquid from the frame of the combustion chamber due to the fact that the pipe with a liquid cooling jacket has a lower longitudinal pipe, which is connected through a vertical pipe to the grate support in the lower frame.

[0045] 6). A metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, which is attached to the upper frame with an upper longitudinal pipe located along the flow of flue gases and extends beyond the frame for connection with the heating system, and also has a lower longitudinal pipe on the front side extending beyond the frame for connection with a pipe for supporting the grates, through a vertical pipe, and reduces the material consumption of the structure due to the fact that the upper and lower longitudinal pipes are located along the flow of flue gases and, when insulated from the flue gases, do not create an obstacle to the flow of flue gases, do not reduce the height of the cross-section of the passage of flue gases and there is no need to increase the height of the combustion chamber to increase the cross-section of the flue gases.

[0046] Brief description of the drawings. Fig. 1 shows the general external view of the firebox from the front, and Fig. 2 shows the general external view of the firebox from the side. In Fig.

[0047] 3 - shows a longitudinal section of the firebox along the section line A-A in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 - shows a cross-section of the firebox along the section line B-B in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 - shows a general external view of the firebox from above. Fig. 6 - shows the operation of the firebox, i.e. the processes occurring in the firebox.

[0048] The best embodiment of the utility model. (Fig. 1...6). The frame of the combustion chamber consists of a lower frame (1) and an upper frame (2), welded from angles.

[0049] Inside the combustion chamber, between the walls and above the grates, a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3) is installed, which is supported on the rear side by an upper longitudinal pipe (4), to which the corners of the upper frame (2) are welded, and extends beyond the frame for connection with the heating system, and on the front side is attached to the upper frame (2) using a steel strip (5), and also in the front lower side has a lower longitudinal pipe (6) extending beyond the frame, for connection with a pipe for supporting the grates (7), through a vertical pipe (8).

[0050] Also, along the lower frame (1), a pipe for supporting the grates (7) is installed symmetrically in the center, welded to the corners of the lower frame (1), extending beyond the frame, on the rear side for connection with the heating system, and on the front side for connection with the lower longitudinal pipe (6) through the vertical pipe (8)

[0051] In this way, a circuit for the combustion chamber cooling system is formed.

[0052] The casing (9) of the flue gas collection space (10) with a hatch (11) is welded to the upper frame (2). The rear side of the casing (9) of the flue gas collection space is welded to the rear side of the metal pipe by a liquid cooling jacket (3).

[0053] Rectangular boxes (12) open on the inside are welded to the lower frame (1) at the front. Rectangular boxes (12) on the lower frame (1) are connected via flue gas pipes (13) to the body (9) of the flue gas collection space (10) in the upper frame (2).

[0054] In this way, the frame of the firebox is created.

[0055] The firebox frame is mounted on an ash pan (14) consisting of brick ash pan walls (15) and an ash pan door (16). The firebox door (17) is installed flush with the rectangular frame (12). The grates (18) in the lower frame (1) rest with their inner edges on the grate support pipe (7), and with their outer edges rest on the corners of the lower frame (1), which are located on the bricks of the brick wall.

[0056] The metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3) is lined with bricks to form a brick pipe (19). The brick lining is designed in such a way that the brick pipe (19) is located below the metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3).

[0057] On the lower frame (1) along the perimeter up to the upper frame (2) the brick walls of the firebox (20) are laid, and the openings between the brick wall and the brick chimney in the upper frame (2) are closed with brick ceilings (21) and on the rear part of the upper frame (2) an opening (mouth) (22) is left.

[0058] Thus, a firebox (23) is formed inside the combustion chamber.

[0059] In the space between the brick chimney (19) and the brick wall (20), a row of bricks is installed edge-on at a distance from each other to allow the passage of flue gases. Subsequent rows of bricks are installed in a staggered pattern.

[0060] In this way, a catalyst (24) for the combustion chamber is created.

[0061] The brick walls, brick ceilings and brick lining are constructed in such a way that all liquid-cooled metal parts are insulated from the flue gases.

[0062] Industrial applicability. The firebox operates as follows. To light the firebox, small logs or other kindling are placed through the firebox door (17) onto the grates (18), coal (25) is loaded through the hatch (11) from above into the brick chimney (19) until the body (9) and flue gas collection space (10) are filled, and the firebox is lit.

[0063] At the initial time, the intensity of combustion of coals (25) in the firebox (23) is weak, and flue gases (26), together with flue gases (27), exit the firebox (23) through the opening (mouth) (22) into the exhaust pipe.

[0064] The burnt coals, turning into ash (28), fall through the grates (18) into the ash pit (14). And the coals (25) in the metal pipe with liquid cooling jackets (3) and in the brick pipe (19), from above under their own weight, as the coals (25) burn in the firebox (23) and turn into ash, continuously enter the firebox (23), forcing the ash through the grates (18) into the ash pit (14). The combustion of coal in the firebox occurs on the outside along the perimeter, under the brick pipe (19), and the central upper part of the coal (25) in the firebox (23) does not burn because it is closed by the brick pipe (19) filled with coal (25).

[0065] After some time, burning layers (29) of semi-coke and coke (smokeless fuel) are formed on the outside and the release of flue gases from the firebox (23) stops.

[0066] Inside the burning layers (27) thermal decomposition of coal (25) occurs, i.e. the release of flue gases (26) and the transformation of coal (25) into a viscous plastic mass (30).

[0067] Gradually, coal (25) in the furnace (23) turns into a viscous plastic mass (30), and the viscous plastic mass (30) turns into semi-coke and coke and then into ash.

[0068] The flue gases (26) are directed upward into the flue gas accumulation space body (10) or pass through the burning layers (29).

[0069] When flue gases (26) pass through burning layers (29), the flue gases burn, since the combustion temperature of semi-coke and coke is much higher than the combustion temperature of flue gases.

[0070] The vacuum in the furnace (23) draws flue gases (26) from the housing (9) of the flue gas accumulation space (10) through the flue gas pipes (13) into the furnace (23) and the flue gases (26), upon contact with the burning layers (29) of semi-coke and coke, burn.

[0071] Unburned flue gases (26) in the firebox (23), on their way from the firebox to the exhaust stack, i.e., when passing through the catalysts (24), are combusted by contact with heated bricks or by mixing flue gases (26) with furnace gases (27) due to turbulent gas flow. The exit of flue gases from the firebox ceases. Only flue gases (27), i.e., the product of complete coal combustion, exit the firebox.

[0072] In order to fill the firebox with coal, the ash pan door (16) is closed, to block the air supply (31) to the ash pan (14), the hatch (I) is opened and coal (25) is loaded.

[0073] When the hatch (11) is opened, with the ash pan door (16) closed, during coal loading (25), flue gases (26) do not enter the room, but on the contrary are drawn into the open hatch and through the flue gas pipes (13) into the firebox (23).

[0074] When the metal pipe with the liquid cooling jacket (3) is filled with coal (25), and the housing (9) of the flue gas accumulation space (10) is filled, close the hatch (11) and open the ash pan door (16).PCI7RU2025 / 000043

[0075] The burning layers (29) and the layers of viscous plastic mass (30) hold the coal in a vertical position, and the coal in the firebox (23) does not crumble.

[0076] Cooling of the pipes for supporting the grate bars (7) on the lower frame (1) and the metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3) is carried out by liquid (32) from the heating system.

[0077] Thus, when operating the combustion chamber:

[0078] 1). Flue gases inside the brick chimney are reliably isolated from flue gases outside the brick chimney, even if the insulation of the brick joints in the brick chimney is damaged:

[0079] 1.1). The leakage of flue gases through the brick chimney into the firebox, and the collapse of the brick chimney and the release of flue gases into the exhaust pipe are excluded.

[0080] 1.2) There is no back draft in the flue gas pipes, and the flue gases will not move back into the brick chimney and further into the firebox.

[0081] 2). Unburned flue gases in the firebox do not exit into the exhaust pipe along with the flue gases, but are burned in the catalyst, i.e. in rows of bricks installed edge-on at some distance from each other, arranged in a checkerboard pattern:

[0082] 2.1). From contact with heated bricks installed with their edges across the flow of flue gases.

[0083] 2.2). From the mixing of flue gases with the furnace gases during turbulent gas flow due to the staggered arrangement of the rows of catalyst bricks. 3). A flow-through circulation system in the pipe with a cooling jacket, supporting the brick pipe overhang, allows for efficient cooling and complete drainage of liquid from the combustion chamber.

[0084] 4). There are no obstructions to the flue gas flow, and the cross-sectional height of the flue gas passage is not reduced. There is no need to increase the height of the firebox to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the flue gases. Flue gases flow along the side walls of the brick chimney and are directed unimpeded upward into the exhaust stack.

[0085] 5). Complete combustion of coals in the firebox occurs, i.e. complete combustion of coals and flue gases in the firebox, without emissions of flue gases from the firebox, and the atmospheric air is not polluted with black smoke.PC17RU2025 / 000043

[0086] Source of information

[0087] A combustion chamber for burning coals that directs unburned gases along a separate path back to the furnace: Eurasian patent for invention: No. 034106 Int. Cl. F23B 80 / 02, F23B 50 / 02, F24B 5 / 04 Damdin Sergey Ivanovich (RU).

[0088] Combustion chamber for burning coals and smog: Eurasian patent for invention: No. 047102 Int. Cl. F23B 10 / 00, F23B 50 / 04, F23B 80 / 02 Damdin Sergey Ivanovich (RU). Combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals: International application PCT / RU2024 / 000115 Int. Cl. F23B 10 / 00, F23B 50 / 04, F23B 80 / 02 Damdin Sergey Ivanovich (RU).

Claims

Invention formula 1. A combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, including pipes, an upper frame, a lower frame, pipes of an inner frame with cooling pipes connected to the heating system, and pipes supporting the inner frame, located across the flow of flue gases, characterized in that the lower frame (1) and the upper frame (2) are welded from corners, above the firebox (23) there is a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3), which is supported by an upper longitudinal pipe (4), located along the flow of flue gases, which is attached to the upper frame (2) and extends beyond the frame for connection with the heating system, and from the front side is attached to the upper frame (2) with a strip of steel (5), and also from the front side has a lower longitudinal pipe (6) extending beyond the frame, for connection with a pipe for supporting the grates (7), through a vertical pipe (8), and also along the lower frame, symmetrically in the center, a pipe welded to the corners of the lower frame is installed for supporting the grate bars (7), extending beyond the frame,from the rear side for connection to the heating system, and from the front side for connection to the vertical pipe (8)., 2. A method for increasing operational reliability, simplifying the design, reducing the labor intensity of work and reducing the cost and material intensity of the design, in the firebox of a combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, containing pipes, an upper frame, a lower frame, pipes of an inner frame with cooling tubes connected to the heating system, and tubes supporting the inner frame located across the flow of flue gases and when they are isolated from the flue gases by a brick lining, the cross-section of the passage of smoke and flue gases is reduced and, moreover, the circulation of liquid in the cooling tubes has a non-flowing liquid cooling, and when draining liquid from the combustion chamber, liquid remains in the cooling tubes and also hermetically welded joints in the pipes, reduce reliability, complicate the design, increase the labor intensity of work and increase the cost of manufacture and increase the material intensity of the design, is characterized in that the lower frame (1) and the upper frame (2) are welded from corners,above the firebox there is a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket (3), which is attached to the upper frame (2) by an upper longitudinal pipe (4), located along the flow of flue gases, and also has a lower longitudinal pipe (6) on the front side, and provides flow-through cooling and complete drainage of liquid from the frame of the firebox and the frame, welded from angles, increases operational reliability, prevents the collapse of the brick pipe, simplifies the design, reduces the labor intensity of the work and reduces the cost and with longitudinal brick lining, io-located pipes do not reduce the passage for combustion and flue gases and reduce the material consumption of the structure.

3. A combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, including a brick chimney (17), suspended above the firebox (21) on the cooling tubes of the internal frame, which is supported by brick stops, is characterized in that the bricks of the brick chimney are attached to a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, and the brick chimney is located lower than the metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, and along the path of gases from the firebox to the exhaust pipe, in the space between the brick chimney and the wall of the combustion chamber, catalysts are installed, i.e. rows of bricks are installed edgewise, at some distance from each other, and the rows of bricks are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

4. A method for increasing the combustion efficiency in a furnace of a combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, comprising a brick chimney suspended above the furnace on cooling tubes, which are supported by brick stops and, in the event of poor sealing of the joints or a breach in the sealing of the joints of the brick chimney, the insulation of the flue gases inside the brick chimney from the flue gases outside the brick chimney is broken and flue gases leak into the furnace, and also a back draft occurs in the flue gas pipes, and the flue gases move back into the brick chimney and further into the furnace and unburned flue gases from the furnace exit into the exhaust pipe together with the flue gases, is distinguished in that the bricks of the brick chimney are attached to a metal pipe with a liquid cooling jacket, catalysts are installed along the path of the flue and flue gases, i.e.The rows of bricks installed edgewise and arranged in a checkerboard pattern prevent the joints from becoming unsealed and reliably isolate the flue gases from the combustion gases in the firebox, preventing the flue gases from leaking into the firebox and preventing back draft in the flue gas pipes from entering the firebox. The flue gases are also burned from contact with the heated bricks or from mixing with the combustion gases caused by the turbulent flow of the exhaust gases as they pass through the rows of bricks installed edgewise and arranged in a checkerboard pattern. li

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