Data center cooling distribution unit systems and methods of use thereof

Abstract

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for cooling data centers using water. The systems can include cooling distribution units made up of piping, pressure regulating devices, water circulation devices, heat exchangers, and air buffer chambers. The methods can include circulating cold water into piping along the data centers to cool the data centers and then circulating the heated water back to the cooling distribution units.

Description

Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601DATA CENTER COOLING DISTRIBUTION UNIT SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF CROSS-REFERENCE

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 760,009, filed February 18, 2025, which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] The industrialization of the construction of facilities such as data centers has enabled the industry to reduce build times and costs. However, data centers can be prone to overheating due to the compact electrical equipment inside of them.SUMMARY

[0003] Provided herein is a cooling system for cooling a data center. The cooling system can comprise a first pressure device configured to generate a positive pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center. The cooling system can comprise a second pressure device configured to generate a variable pressure on the fluid. The cooling system can comprise a third pressure device configured to generate a negative pressure on the fluid. In some cases, a net negative pressure or net positive pressure on the fluid in the cooling system and data center is determined at least partially by an interaction between the first pressure device, the second pressure device, and the third pressure device.

[0004] In some cases, the cooling system is a dual-mode negative and positive pressure cooling system. In some cases, the first and second pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center from the cooling system. In some cases, the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid.

[0005] The cooling system can further comprise a heat exchange unit. In some cases, the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system. In some cases, cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0006] The cooling system can further comprise rounded piping for circulating the fluid. In some cases, the third pressure device comprises a Venturi tube. In some cases, the third pressure device is configured to generate a preset negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the fluid exiting the data center andAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601returning to the cooling system comprises a hot fluid. In some cases, the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the first and second pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

[0007] The cooling system can further comprise a computer processor configured to provide instructions to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the first or second pressure devices. In some cases, the instructions comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both.

[0008] In some cases, the net pressure on the fluid is negative when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a larger absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined. In some cases, the net pressure on the fluid is positive when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a smaller absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined. The cooling system can further comprise one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

[0009] In some cases, the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising negative and positive pressure.

[0010] In some cases, during net negative pressure: (a) the first pressure device is on low or moderate speed sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; (b) the second pressure device is off or on low speed; (c) the third pressure device is configured to circulate the fluid via suction; or (d) any combination thereof. In some cases, during net positive pressure: (a) the first pressure device is on moderate speed; (b) the second pressure device is on high speed to generate a positive pressure; or (c) both. In some cases, during hybrid mode: (a) the first pressure device is on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure; (b) the second pressure device is on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; (c) the third pressure device is configured to apply suction to the fluid return; or (d) any combination thereof.

[0011] Disclosed herein is a cooling system for cooling a data center. The cooling system can comprise one or more pressure devices configured to generate a pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center. The cooling system can comprise a computer processor configured to provide instructions to the one or more pressure devices for increasing orAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601decreasing a net generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices. In some cases, wherein decreasing the net generated pressure creates a net negative pressure on the fluid and increasing the net generated pressure creates a net positive pressure on the fluid.

[0012] In some cases, the cooling system is a dual-mode negative and positive pressure cooling system. In some cases, the one or more pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid and the fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system is hot fluid.

[0013] The cooling system can further comprise a heat exchange unit. In some cases, the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system. In some cases, cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0014] The cooling system can further comprise rounded piping for circulating the fluid. In some cases, the one or more pressure devices comprise a Venturi tube configured to create a preset negative pressure in the cooling system. In some cases, the Venturi tube is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

[0015] In some cases, the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the one or more pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure. In some cases, the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices. The cooling system can further comprise one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

[0016] In some cases, the fluid in the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in the cooling system. In some cases, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and (b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction. In some cases,Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure. In some cases, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure; (b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or (c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

[0017] Provided herein is a cooling system for cooling a data center. The cooling system can comprise one or more pressure devices configured to generate a pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center, wherein the one or more pressure devices enable a user to select from flowing the fluid via (i) net negative pressure, (ii) net positive pressure, or (iii) a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in different parts of the cooling system.

[0018] In some cases, the one or more pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid and the fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system is hot fluid.

[0019] The cooling system can further comprise a heat exchange unit. In some cases, the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system. In some cases, cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0020] The cooling system can further comprise rounded piping for circulating the fluid. In some cases, the one or more pressure devices comprise at least one negative pressure device and at least one positive pressure device. In some cases, the at least one negative pressure device comprises a Venturi tube configured to create a preset negative pressure in the cooling system. In some cases, the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the at least one positive pressure device is greater than the preset negative pressure. In some cases, wherein the at least one negative pressure device is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601

[0021] The cooling system can further comprise a computer processor configured to provide instructions to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices. In some cases, the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

[0022] The cooling system can further comprise one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank. In some cases, the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

[0023] In some cases, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and (b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction. In some cases, during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure. In some cases, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure; (b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or (c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

[0024] Disclosed herein is a cooled data center system. The system can comprise one or more data centers. The system can comprise one or more cooling systems coupled to each of the one or more data centers. In some cases, each of the one or more cooling systems comprise any of the above cooling systems. The system can comprise a primary pipe fluidically coupling each of the one or more cooling systems to at least another one of the each of the one or more cooling systems.

[0025] Provided herein is a method for cooling a data center. The method can comprise circulating a fluid between the data center and a cooling system coupled to the data center. The method can comprise generating a positive pressure on the fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center via a first pressure device. The method can comprise generating a variable pressure on the fluid via a second pressure device. The method can comprise generating a negative pressure on the fluid via a third pressure device. In some cases, a net negative pressure or net positive pressure on the fluid in the cooling system andAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601data center is determined at least partially by an interaction between the first pressure device, the second pressure device, and the third pressure device.

[0026] The method can further comprise circulating the fluid from the cooling system to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center. The method can further comprise circulating the heated fluid to a heat exchange device and cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device. The method can further comprise circulating the fluid and cooling the heated fluid via piping. In some cases, cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0027] The method can further comprise exerting a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center from the cooling system via the first and second pressure devices. In some cases, generating a negative pressure comprises generating a preset negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the first and second pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

[0028] The method can further comprise providing instructions, via a computer processor, to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices. In some cases, the instructions comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both.

[0029] In some cases, the net pressure on the fluid is negative when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a larger absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined. In some cases, the net pressure on the fluid is positive when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a smaller absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined. The method can further comprise removing air from the cooling system via one or more of a buffer tank or an air release station.

[0030] In some cases, the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising negative and positive pressure.

[0031] In some cases, during net negative pressure: (a) the first pressure device is on low or moderate speed sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; (b) the second pressure device is off or on low speed; (c) the third pressure device is configured to circulate the fluid via suction; or (d) any combination thereof. In some cases, during net positive pressure: (a) theAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601first pressure device is on moderate speed; (b) the second pressure device is on high speed to generate a positive pressure; or (c) both. In some cases, during hybrid mode: (a) the first pressure device is on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) the second pressure device is on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; (c) the third pressure device is configured to apply suction to the fluid return; or (d) any combination thereof.

[0032] Provided herein is a method for cooling a data center. The method can comprise injecting fluid into a cooling distribution unit comprising a heat exchange device, a computer processor, and one or more pressure devices. The method can comprise controlling the one or more pressure devices via the computer processor. In some cases, controlling the one or more pressure devices comprises providing instructions to the one or more pressure device to decrease or increase a generated pressure. In some cases, decreasing the net generated pressure creates a net negative pressure on the fluid and increasing the net generated pressure creates a net positive pressure on the fluid. The method can comprise circulating the fluid to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center. The method can comprise circulating the heated fluid to the heat exchange device. The method can comprise cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device.

[0033] In some cases, the cooling distribution unit is a dual-mode cooling distribution unit that is capable of creating net positive pressure, net negative pressure, or functioning in a hybrid mode. The method can further comprise circulating the fluid and the heated fluid via piping. In some cases, cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to additional injected cold fluid.

[0034] The method can further comprise exerting, via the one or more pressure devices, a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to a cooling system. In some cases, cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and a cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0035] The method can further comprise creating a preset negative pressure via the one or more pressure devices, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise a Venturi tube. In some cases, the Venturi tube is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the net positive pressure onAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the one or more pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

[0036] In some cases, the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

[0037] In some cases, circulating the fluid comprises circulating the fluid via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures. In some cases, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and (b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction. In some cases, during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure. In some cases, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of: (a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure; (b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or (c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

[0038] Disclosed herein is a method for cooling a data center. The method can comprise circulating a fluid between the data center and a cooling system coupled to the data center via one or more pressure devices. The method can comprise enabling a user, via the one or more pressure devices, to select from circulating the fluid via (i) net negative pressure, (ii) net positive pressure, or (iii) a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in different parts of the cooling system.

[0039] The method can further comprise circulating the fluid from the cooling system to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center. The method can further comprise circulating the heated fluid to a heat exchange device and cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device. The method can further comprise circulating the fluid and cooling the heated fluid via piping. In some cases, cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source. In some cases, the heat exchange device comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

[0040] The method can further comprise exerting, via the one or more pressure devices, a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system. In some cases, the one or more pressureAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601devices comprise at least one negative pressure device and at least one positive pressure device. The method can further comprise creating a preset negative pressure in the cooling system via the at least one negative pressure device, wherein the at least one negative pressure device comprises a Venturi tube. In some cases, the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the at least one positive pressure device is greater than the preset negative pressure. In some cases, the at least one negative pressure device is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

[0041] The method can further comprise providing instructions, via a computer processor, to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices. In some cases, the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices. The method can further comprise removing air from the cooling system via one or more of a buffer tank or an air release station.

[0042] The method can further comprise, during net negative pressure: (a) generating a low or moderate positive pressure, via a positive pressure device, sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and (b) circulating the fluid by suction via a negative pressure device. The method can further comprise, during net positive pressure, generating a moderate or high positive pressure via the one or more pressure devices. In some cases, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices. The method can further comprise, during hybrid mode: (a) running a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure; (b) running a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; and (c) applying suction to the fluid return via a negative pressure device.

[0043] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a system comprising one or more computer processors and computer memory coupled thereto. The computer memory comprises machine executable code that, upon execution by the one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods above or elsewhere herein.

[0044] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its severalAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0045] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The novel features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the present disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings (also “Figure” and “FIG.” herein), of which:

[0047] FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate front (FIG. 1A) and back (FIG. IB) views of an example data centering cooling system in accordance with example embodiments described herein.

[0048] FIGS.2A-2B show examples of data center setups which can use the example cooling systems in accordance with example embodiments described herein.

[0049] FIG.3 shows an example flow chart of a cooling system in accordance with example embodiments described herein.

[0050] FIG. 4 shows an example flow chart of a similar cooling system in accordance with example embodiments described herein.

[0051] FIG. 5 shows an example flow chart of an alternate cooling system in accordance with example embodiments described herein.

[0052] FIG. 6 shows a computer system that is programmed or otherwise configured to implement methods provided herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Provided herein are cooling systems and methods for data centers. The cooling systems can be controlled by computer programs to execute changes in the cooling system. In some cases, the cooling systems can be hybrid systems that can use negative pressure, positive pressure, or both to move cooling agents.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601

[0054] Disclosed herein are cooling systems for data centers. The systems can comprise buffer tanks for separating out excess air from circulating fluid. The system can comprise one or more pumps to move fluid throughout the system. The system can comprise valves and noreturn valves. The system can comprise eductors, such as Venturi devices. The system can comprise a heat exchanger. The system can comprise a closed loop. In some cases, the system can comprise an air release station. The system can comprise an open loop. The system can comprise a combination of a closed loop and an open loop.

[0055] Provided herein are methods for cooling data centers. The methods can comprise providing a cooling distribution unit (CDU). The methods can comprise using dual-mode or hybrid CDUs. The two modes can comprise positive pressure and / or negative pressure to circulate water through the CDUs and the data center to which they are fluidically coupled. The CDU can comprise a pressure-determining device (e.g., a pump) which can determine whether the CDU uses positive or negative pressure. The methods can comprise providing instructions from a computing system to instruct the pressure-determining device to create a negative or positive pressure for circulating water.

[0056] The methods can comprise using the cooling systems described herein. In some cases, the cooling systems can comprise fluid, air, and / or water-based cooling systems. The cooling systems can collect cold water from natural water sources (e.g., rivers, sea, ocean, etc.) or human-made water sources. The cooling systems can comprise a collection of pipe or tube systems. The cooling systems can comprise devices for moving water around and / or through the cooling systems. In some cases, water can be moved around the cooling systems via one or more of gravity, siphons, air pressure systems, capillary action, pumps, or any combination thereof.

[0057] The methods can comprise exchanging heated water that returns from the data center to the CDU for cold water in a heat exchange unit. The heat exchange unit can cool the water with fresh water from a water source (e.g., a river, sea, ocean, lake, etc.). The methods can comprise sending the exchanged, newly heated water out to a primary pipe which can collect heated water from multiple CDUs and carry it back to the water source.

[0058] In some cases, the methods disclosed herein can comprise injecting water or another fluid into a cooling distribution unit comprising a heat exchange device, a computer processor, and one or more pressure devices. The methods can comprise controlling the one or more pressure devices via the computer processor. In some cases, controlling the one or more pressure devices comprises providing instructions to the one or more pressure device to decrease or increase a generated pressure. The methods can comprise circulating the water orAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601fluid to the data center, thereby heating the water and cooling the data center. The methods can comprise circulating the heated water to the heat exchange device. The methods can comprise cooling the heated water in the heat exchange device. Cooling the heated water can comprise running the heated water parallel to additional injected cold water.Data Centers

[0059] A data center can be a facility designed to house, maintain, and power a plurality of computer systems. The computer systems within the data center can be rackmounted within a support frame referred to as a rack. The data center can be defined to maintain interior ambient conditions suitable for proper operation of the computer systems therein.

[0060] A constraint of the data center can be cooling capacity. Each watt consumed by the computer systems is a watt of waste heat that can be removed to maintain suitable operating temperature. Data centers can employ air conditioning units to maintain suitable operating temperatures. The air conditioning units can be inefficient and account for more than half of the total power consumed in the data center.

[0061] Data centers may struggle with cooling. As data center density continues to increase, there may be a growing demand for more energy efficient and cost-effective data centers and cooling solutions. A data center can be designed to maintain interior ambient conditions suitable for proper operation of the computer systems therein. Data centers may consume more than twice the power used to support the plurality of computer systems housed therein. This can be a result of the inefficient air conditioning units that may account for half of the total power consumed in the data center to cool the plurality of computer systems therein. This inefficiency may prohibit support of high-density computing systems in data centers.

[0062] Disclosed herein are energy efficient, cost effective, thermal management system that leverages natural surrounding resources, namely water, to control thermal conditions and reduce the overall requirement for cooling power in water borne data centers.

[0063] The terms “facility,” “building,” and “structure” may be used interchangeably herein.

[0064] The term “component” may be referred to interchangeably as a “system” or “subsystem.” In some instances, a component may be a system or a subsystem. In other cases, a component may be part of a system or a subsystem.

[0065] The term “one or more ISMs” may refer to one ISM, multiple ISMs, a sub-assembly of ISMs, or an assembly of ISMs.

[0066] The term modular assembly kit and kit may be referred to interchangeably herein.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601

[0067] Disclosed herein are modular Integrated System Modules (ISMs) for use in a variety of application environments. The dimensions, weight, and inclusion of different functional components of the ISMs may be configured in such a way that the ISMs can be modularly applied to one or more application environments. The dimensions, weight, and inclusion of different functional components of the ISMs may be configured in such a way that the ISMs can be shipped using a variety of shipping methods. The dimensions, weight, and inclusion of different functional components of the ISMs may be configured in such a way that different functional components can be removed or added to an assembly or subassembly of ISMs as to upgrade and / or adapt the ISM(s) to different application environments. The ISMs may be configured to be shipped and assembled on-site to construct an operational infrastructure for the one or more application environments. In some embodiments, the one or more integrated system module (ISMs) that are configured to be shipped and assembled to construct an operational infrastructure for one or more application environments, wherein each of the ISMs comprises two or more different functional components that are integrated onto and / or supported by a common structural floor. In some embodiments, the ISMs may be configured in such a way as to physically define an application environment (e.g., create a housing for the application environment). In some embodiments, the ISMs may be integrated within an application environment itself (e.g., the ISMs may be integrated within a data center). In some instances, some of the ISMs can be assembled off-site to construct a sub-assembly of ISMs, that are shipped and later integrated on-site with the existing ISMs that are already in the application environment. In some instances, a single / individual ISM can be shipped and installed in one or more application environments. In some instances, one or more individual ISMs are shipped and installed in one or more application environments. In some instances, a group or collection of ISMs (e.g., that are yet to be assembled) are shipped and installed in one or more application environments.

[0068] In some embodiments, a modular design and build architecture may comprise one or more ISMs that are configured to be shipped and assembled on-site to construct an operational infrastructure for one or more application environments, wherein each of the ISMs may comprise two or more different functional components that are integrated onto and / or supported by a common structural floor.

[0069] In some embodiments, the one or more application environments may comprise a data center. In some embodiments, the data center may comprise a land-based data center or a water-based data center. In some embodiments, the one or more application environments may comprise a manufacturing facility, a laboratory, or a medical facility, or the like. In someAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601embodiments, the one or more application environments comprise a data center, a location with information storage, processing or communication capabilities or functionalities, or a facility requiring one or more operational infrastructural elements.Cooling Systems

[0070] Provided herein are cooling systems for cooling data centers. In some cases, the cooling systems can comprise cooling distribution units. The cooling systems can comprise water-based cooling systems. The cooling systems can collect cold water from natural water sources (e.g., rivers, sea, ocean, etc.) or human-made water sources. The cooling systems can comprise a collection of pipe or tube systems. The cooling systems can comprise devices for moving water around and / or through the cooling systems. In some cases, water can be moved around the cooling systems via negative or positive pressure. In some cases, a single system may be capable of negative or positive pressure. In this way, the cooling systems may be hybrid or dual-mode cooling systems.

[0071] In some cases, water can be moved around the cooling systems via one or more of gravity, siphons, air pressure systems, capillary action, pumps, or any combination thereof. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and hydrodynamic modeling can validate the performance of the Venturi tube and cooling system.

[0072] In some cases, one cooling system can be used to cool a single modular unit of the data center (e.g., ISM). In some cases, one cooling system can be used to cool multiple units of the data center.

[0073] In some cases, a hybrid cooling distribution unit (CDU) can move water around the cooling system via negative pressure, positive pressure, or both in different areas of the system. The Hybrid CDU can solve the problem of maintaining efficient and leak-proof liquid cooling in high-density computing environments while maintaining compliance with ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) standards for both closed and open loop systems. Results can include the integration of a sub-atmospheric system to atmospheric pressure in the supply loop and sub-atmospheric pressure in the return loop, which can enhance system integrity and efficiency. By maintaining a negative pressure in the return loop, the system can retain an ability to purge entrapped air even under positive pressure conditions (e.g., in the supply loop).

[0074] In some cases, the atmospheric supply loop can be used for consistent coolant delivery to the data center. In some cases, the sub-atmospheric return loop can be used to create a leak-proof or substantially leak-proof operation. Rather than leaking water collectedAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601in the tubes and piping, the sub-atmospheric return loop may draw air in during non-normal operations. In some cases, the hydronics system can balance hydrodynamic pressure between loops for stable operation. In some cases, the cooling systems described herein can have dual compatibility and operate in ASHRAE Facilities Water Systems (FWS) and Cooling Water Systems (CWS). The cooling systems can be used for high-reliability cooling in data centers, HPC, and edge applications.

[0075] FIG. 1A shows cooling distribution unit (CDU) 100 comprising a water movement device 102, a pressure-determining device 104, heat exchange unit 106, and computing system 108. FIG. IB shows CDU 100 comprising heat exchange unit 106, data center connector 110, vacuum chamber 112, Venturi tube 114, primary pipe connection 116 to water movement device 102, and buffer tank 118. The CDU can comprise a cooling system.

[0076] In some cases, the water movement device 102 can use one or more of gravity, siphons, air pressure systems, capillary action, pumps, or any combination thereof. In some cases, water movement device 102 can comprise a pump. The pump can comprise a constant pressure pump. The water movement device 102 can maintain a similar or same intensity and RPM (rotations per minute). The water movement device 102 can maintain the movement and flow of the water in the CDU. The pipes from the water movement device 102 can eventually lead to the primary pipe at 116, which can be connected to multiple CDUs such that it can collect water and release it (e.g., release it back into the ocean). The primary pipe can comprise a wider pipe than the other pieces of piping of the CDU. The primary pipe can be connected (e.g., welded or otherwise coupled) to other primary pipe sections from other CDUs to create a prolonged primary pipe. In some cases, there may be 1, 2, 3, or more pumps in each CDU.

[0077] In some cases, the pressure-determining device 104 can comprise one or more of gravity, siphons, air pressure systems, capillary action, pumps, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the pressure-determining device 104 can comprise an active pump. In some cases, this pump can vary the intensity and / or RPM. In some cases, the pump can have a low RPM, such that the overall pressure is negative pressure (e.g., sub-atmospheric). This can pull water through the CDU. In some cases, this pump can increase its RPM to overcome the vacuum in the vacuum chamber 112 and Venturi tube 114. This way, the net effect can result in a positive pressure (e.g., greater than 0 atmospheric). This can forcefully push water through the CDU. The change from negative to positive or positive to negative pressure can be driven by computing system 108. Computing system 108 can comprise software instructions for changing the RPM of pump 104, thereby changing the pressure in the CDU.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601This can be done by changing the speed of a motor in the pump 104. This pump 104 can be connected to the vacuum chamber 112 via piping.

[0078] The speed of the motor may be varied on the order of from about 5 times to about 200 times. The speed of the motor may be varied on the order of from about 5 times to about 10 times, about 5 times to about 25 times, about 5 times to about 50 times, about 5 times to about 75 times, about 5 times to about 100 times, about 5 times to about 150 times, about 5 times to about 200 times, about 10 times to about 25 times, about 10 times to about 50 times, about 10 times to about 75 times, about 10 times to about 100 times, about 10 times to about 150 times, about 10 times to about 200 times, about 25 times to about 50 times, about 25 times to about 75 times, about 25 times to about 100 times, about 25 times to about 150 times, about 25 times to about 200 times, about 50 times to about 75 times, about 50 times to about 100 times, about 50 times to about 150 times, about 50 times to about 200 times, about 75 times to about 100 times, about 75 times to about 150 times, about 75 times to about 200 times, about 100 times to about 150 times, about 100 times to about 200 times, or about 150 times to about 200 times. The speed of the motor may be varied on the order of about 5 times, about 10 times, about 25 times, about 50 times, about 75 times, about 100 times, about 150 times, or about 200 times. The speed of the motor may be varied on the order of at least about 5 times, about 10 times, about 25 times, about 50 times, about 75 times, about 100 times, or about 150 times. The speed of the motor may be varied on the order of at most about 10 times, about 25 times, about 50 times, about 75 times, about 100 times, about 150 times, or about 200 times.

[0079] The speed of the motor may be varied during operation of the CDU. The speed of the motor may be varied when setting up the CDU. Input / code for controlling the speed may be provided manually automatically calculated based on the use case. Input to control the speed of the motor may be entered remotely or at the site of the CDU.

[0080] Heat exchange unit 106 can be used to cool down overheated water and send out cooled water to data centers. Water (e.g., sea water, ocean water, etc.) can enter into the heat exchange unit 106 and hot water from the data center can run parallel to the cold water, thereby cooling the hot water.

[0081] In addition to controlling pump 104, computing system 108 can also control water movement device 102 to maintain flow of water. In some cases, pump 104 may be sufficient to regulate the movement of water throughout the system and the water movement device 102 may thus be minimally used or unused.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601

[0082] Data center connector 110 can comprise an opening for a pipe or tube carrying heated water from a data center to the CDU. Specifically, data center connector 110 can feed the heated water into the vacuum chamber 112.

[0083] Vacuum chamber 112 can comprise a nozzle that can control a stream of water (e.g., release the water as mist, a small / thin stream, etc.). The chamber 112 can generate negative pressure to create a vacuum. This can be done by restricting the flow of water via the Venturi tube 114 proceeding out of the vacuum chamber. As the water is forced through the thinner section of the pipe quickly, it can create a vacuum effect. In some cases, this physics effect can be negated by pressure-determining device 104 by overcoming the negative vacuum pressure with a positive pressure by device 104. In some cases, a Venturi tube 114 can be optional. Other configurations that can aid in creating a negative pressure or reduced pressure in the vacuum chamber can also be used. Any description herein of Venturi tube can apply to any structure or apparatus that may passively or actively create a negative or reduced pressure. Passively may include based on geometry, such that it may not require additional input or energy.

[0084] Unlike the Venturi tube 114, the remainder of the piping through the CDU can be smooth and rounded for maximum efficiency, as smooth turns can minimize the restriction of water flow.

[0085] Buffer tank 118 can be used to filter out air collected in the CDU. For example, when water enters the CDU from the data center, there may be a small amount of air that enters alongside it. When the piping carries the water and air to the buffer tank 118, the air rises (as it is lighter than water) to the top of the buffer tank, thereby separating the water and air and making it easier to remove the air (e.g., via suction).

[0086] Additionally, when using negative pressure systems to circulate water, the negative pressure can minimize or prevent water leaks when there are holes in the piping. Instead, the piping may suck in air. The buffer tank 118 can be used to minimize or prevent that gathered air from recirculating into the CDU and data center.

[0087] CDU 100 can have a capacity of from about 500 kiloWatts (kW) to about 4,000 kW.CDU 100 can have a capacity of from about 500 kW to about 1,000 kW, about 500 kW to about 1,500 kW, about 500 kW to about 2,000 kW, about 500 kW to about 2,500 kW, about 500 kW to about 3,000 kW, about 500 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 500 kW to about 4,000 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 1,500 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 2,000 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 2,500 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 3,000 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 1,000 kW to about 4,000 kW, about 1,500 kW to about 2,000 kW, about 1,500 kW toAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601about 2,500 kW, about 1,500 kW to about 3,000 kW, about 1,500 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 1,500 kW to about 4,000 kW, about 2,000 kW to about 2,500 kW, about 2,000 kW to about 3,000 kW, about 2,000 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 2,000 kW to about 4,000 kW, about 2,500 kW to about 3,000 kW, about 2,500 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 2,500 kW to about 4,000 kW, about 3,000 kW to about 3,500 kW, about 3,000 kW to about 4,000 kW, or about 3,500 kW to about 4,000 kW. CDU 100 can have a capacity of about 500 kW, about 1,000 kW, about 1,500 kW, about 2,000 kW, about 2,500 kW, about 3,000 kW, about 3,500 kW, or about 4,000 kW. CDU 100 can have a capacity of at least about 500 kW, about 1,000 kW, about 1,500 kW, about 2,000 kW, about 2,500 kW, about 3,000 kW, or about 3,500 kW. CDU 100 can have a capacity of at most about 1,000 kW, about 1,500 kW, about 2,000 kW, about 2,500 kW, about 3,000 kW, about 3,500 kW, or about 4,000 kW. The capacity can depend at least partly on the pressure of the water circulated throughout the CDU.

[0088] FIGS. 2A-2B shows multiple data center applications 200 of the cooling system 100, including immersion, direct-to-chip, rear door heat exchanger, and traditional hot aisle data centers. Although any of the data centers can function with positive or negative pressure water movement by the connected CDUs, there may be benefits to using one or the other in various sections of piping. For example, rear door heat exchangers can prefer negative pressure water systems, and direct-to-chip can prefer positive pressure water systems.Immersion and traditional can use either.

[0089] There may be a variety of use cases for each multiple data center application 200. For example, a data center primarily using negative pressure water movement may use negative pressure throughout the system. In some cases, a data center primarily using negative pressure water movement may use positive pressure in the water line cooling the data center (e.g., the incoming line). For example, this may be used with the rear door heat exchanger data center. In some cases, a data center primarily using positive pressure water movement may use positive pressure throughout the system. In some cases, a data center primarily using positive pressure water movement may use negative pressure in the hot water line exiting the data center (e.g., this may be used with the direct-to-chip data center).

[0090] In some cases, there may be difficulties with using only positive pressure water cycling. For example, if there is a puncture or hole in the tubing, water under positive pressure can exit the piping. If this occurs inside the data center, the equipment in the data center gets wet and can be destroyed. In contrast, as discussed above, water under negative pressure may avoid leaking and can avoid or minimize destruction of the data center equipment. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to use negative pressure where possible. AsAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601such, immersion, traditional, and rear door heat exchangers can use negative pressures. For direct-to-chip, which prefers positive pressure water systems, the concern of leaking can be reduced by 50% by having one fluid line (e.g., the incoming, cold fluid line) be positive pressure and the other fluid line (e.g., the outgoing, heated fluid line) be negative pressure. This hybrid or dual mode availability of the CDUs described herein can comprise a unique way to decrease risks while still maximizing efficiency of data center cooling.

[0091] In some cases, data cooling can be executed by providing positive pressure in the system. In some cases, data cooling systems can cause circulation by creating vacuum. Due to high pressure demands, and at the same time targeting minimum leak and safety environment, the disclosure described herein comprises systems and methods with positive pressure on the cooling fluid supply and negative pressure at fluid return. As return pressure is negative, the pressure can also help trapped air to easier escape from the fluid. This type of hybrid system can be driven by a hybrid CDU as described above.

[0092] FIG. 3 shows data hall cooling system 300 comprising pumps 302 and 306, pressure transmitters 308 and 318, valves 304 and 314, eductor 312 (e.g., Venturi pump), heat exchanger 316, and buffer tank 310. Supply to the data hall can be performed by the pump 302 via heat exchanger 316. Supply pressure can be monitored by pressure transmitter 318 and controlled by pump 302. Pressure can be set to negative or positive value. For higher demanding applications, pressure can be set to desired positive value. At the same time, the Venturi 312 can be used to create a vacuum and to regulate return pressure. Return pressure can be controlled by pressure transmitter 308 and adjusted by pump 306. Using return pressure below atmospheric pressure, or negative pressure, can allow for leak free return and at the same time can decrease the entire pressure in the system. In some cases, rather than an eductor, any other type of pump (e.g., piston pump, diaphragm pump, etc.) and other methods of moving liquids (e.g., capillary action, siphons, etc.) can be used.

[0093] FIG. 4 shows a similar data hall cooling system 400. FIG. 4 shows valves 402, 428, 406, 414, 416, 422, and 426, non-return valves 432, 434, and 430, eductor 418 (e.g., Venturi pump), heat exchanger 404, pumps 408 and 410, buffer tank 420, negative pressure line 424, and positive pressure line 412. The arrows show connections outside the drawn parts of the system. Negative pressure line 424 can include the line from the hot return from the data hall until the eductor 418. The positive pressure line 412 can include the lines from the pumps 408 and 410 and from the eductor 418 through the heat exchanger 404 and to the cold supply to data hall exit. The cold supply to data hall and hot return from data hall can form a closed loop. The heat exchanger 404 can have two lines passing through it: the positive pressure lineAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601412 of the closed loop (e.g., the technology cooling system (TCS) / data hall side) and the open loop of the fluid header (e.g., the facility side open loop and facility water path across the heat exchanger).

[0094] The data hall closed loop can comprise the heat exchanger 404, which can act as a thermal circuit breaker between the open loop and the TCS. The data hall closed loop can comprise the eductor 418, which can comprise a negative pressure generator. In some cases, rather than an eductor, any other type of pump (e.g., piston pump, diaphragm pump, etc.) and other methods of moving liquids (e.g., capillary action, siphons, etc.) can be used. The data hall closed loop can comprise the buffer tank, which can act as an air separation mechanism (e.g., separate the air from the fluid by letting the air rise to the top in the tank) that helps to stabilize the volume in the system.

[0095] The data hall closed loop can comprise two parallel pumps 408 and 410. In some cases, the pumps can be in series. The pumps can be negative or positive pressure pumps. In some cases, pump 408 can comprise a motive pump (e.g., the primary pressure-determining device). Pump 408 can act as the primary actuator to raise the net pressure on the TCS side and / or across the heat exchanger to the supply to data hall line. When commanded higher, pump 408 can overcome the eductor’s suction (e.g., negative pressure) and shift the system toward net positive pressure operation. Pump 410 can comprise a lift pump, which can be involving in circulation, priming the fluid line, and return transport support. Pump 410 can provide stable circulation and “lift” from the buffer tank and / or return hydraulics so the negative pressure return path remains functional and does not stall, gas-bind, or lose prime. In hybrid modes, pump 410 can be the stabilizer that helps keep the return side behaving as intended while pump 408 can be used to set the supply-side pressure.Operating Modes

[0096] The system 400 can have up to three operating modes: a net negative pressure mode, a net positive pressure mode, and a hybrid mode. In some cases, system 300 above and system 500 below can have similar modes.

[0097] The net negative pressure mode can comprise return-dominant suction. The purpose of this mode can be to maximize leak-mitigation behavior, as measured by an ingress of air versus coolant egress, while maintaining flow. In this mode, motive pump 408 can be off or on minimum speed, whereas the lift pump 410 can be “on” on a low-moderate setting sufficient to maintain circulation and prime. Meanwhile, eductor 418 can pull the hot fluid return from the data hall via sub-atmospheric pressure into the buffer tank 420 and eductor itself. The buffer tank 420 can separate entrained air and stabilize pressure on theAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601suction / return side. Supply through heat exchanger 404 can remain functional, but the system may “default” to the negative-pressure regime because pump 408 may not be overpowering the suction source (e.g., the eductor).

[0098] The net positive pressure mode can comprise forced flow and a high-pressure operation. The purpose of this mode can be to deliver higher differential pressure to support high restriction loads or higher setpoint pressures. In this mode, motive pump 408 can be on at high speed, and can comprise the dominant pump. Lift pump 410 can be on moderate strength to allow for stable inlet / return conditions and prevent system starvation. Pump 408’ s added pressure can drive the TCS side so that net pressure becomes positive across the TCS circuit, including supply to the data hall. The eductor may still be present as a suction element, but it may become secondary because pump 408 overcomes the preset suction condition.

[0099] The hybrid split-pressure mode can comprise a positive supply and negative return and is shown in FIG. 4. The purpose of this mode can be the “hybrid zoning” intent — keeping positive pressure where needed (e.g., cold supply into the data hall), while keeping the return under negative pressure for leak mitigation. In this mode, motive pump 408 can be on at a controlled / intermediate speed and can be set to maintain positive pressure on the supply portion of the system (positive pressure line 412 described above). Lift pump 410 can be on and tuned, such that it can be set to sustain a return transport without “flooding” the return into a positive regime; it can support flow into and through the buffer tank 420 and across the eductor 418 so the return remains sub-atmospheric due to the eductor’s suction. The heat exchanger 404 can continue acting as the thermal barrier between facility water and TCS, while the two pumps allow the TCS side to maintain split pressure behavior. The buffer tank can further provide separation and damping so the negative return remains stable during transients and air ingestion events.

[0100] FIG. 5 shows data hall cooling system 500 comprising pumps 502 and 506, pressure transmitters 508 and 518, valves 504, 520, and 514, eductor 512 (e.g., Venturi pump), heat exchanger 516, buffer tank 510, and air release station 522. The elements of FIG. 5 can be similar to FIGS. 3-4 but include additional elements. In some cases, FIG. 5 can comprise one or more Air Release Stations. These stations can be set on the highest point in the system, or arranged in some reasoned order, to help remove air from the system. Air can enter the system through cracks in piping or elsewhere in the system and can interfere with fluid motion through the system. As air is lighter than fluid, it rises to the top and can naturally escape at the highest point of the Air Release Stations. In some cases, FIG. 5 can compriseAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601one or more bypass valves, such as valve 520, that can be opened in the case pump 502 fails, or for some other reason.

[0101] During normal operation, supply pressure and return pressure can be controlled by the two or more pumps. Controlling the supply and return pressures can be used to achieve a desired flow. In some cases, there can be a parallel mode. In parallel mode, it may be possible to split those roles between different CDUs, e.g., CDU1 can be more in control of the return pressure, while CDU2 may be more in control of the supply pressure. In the case of a pump failure, a second pump can be diverted to serve the supply line by adjusting the valve and / or non-retum valves. In some cases, the second pump 502 can be diverted to serve the supply line by closing valves 504 and 514 and opening valve 520. That can provide additional redundancy without downgrading performance.Computer Systems

[0102] The present disclosure provides computer systems that are programmed to implement methods of the disclosure. FIG. 6 shows a computer system 601 that is programmed or otherwise configured to control the movement and pressure of water in the CDUs and data centers. The computer system 601 can be an electronic device of a user or a computer system that is remotely located with respect to the electronic device. The electronic device can be a mobile electronic device.

[0103] The computer system 601 includes a central processing unit (CPU, also “processor” and “computer processor” herein) 605, which can be a single core or multi core processor, or a plurality of processors for parallel processing. The computer system 601 also includes memory or memory location 610 (e.g., random-access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage unit 615 (e.g., hard disk), communication interface 620 (e.g., network adapter) for communicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices 625, such as cache, other memory, data storage and / or electronic display adapters. The memory 610, storage unit 615, interface 620 and peripheral devices 625 are in communication with the CPU 605 through a communication bus (solid lines), such as a motherboard. The storage unit 615 can be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system 601 can be operatively coupled to a computer network (“network”) 630 with the aid of the communication interface 620. The network 630 can be the Internet, an internet and / or extranet, or an intranet and / or extranet that is in communication with the Internet. The network 630 in some cases is a telecommunication and / or data network. The network 630 can include one or more computer servers, which canAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. The network 630, in some cases with the aid of the computer system 601, can implement a peer-to-peer network, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system 601 to behave as a client or a server.

[0104] The CPU 605 can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions, which can be embodied in a program or software. The instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as the memory 610. The instructions can be directed to the CPU 605, which can subsequently program or otherwise configure the CPU 605 to implement methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 605 can include fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.

[0105] The CPU 605 can be part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of the system 601 can be included in the circuit. In some cases, the circuit is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0106] The storage unit 615 can store files, such as drivers, libraries and saved programs. The storage unit 615 can store user data, e.g., user preferences and user programs. The computer system 601 in some cases can include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system 601, such as located on a remote server that is in communication with the computer system 601 through an intranet or the Internet.

[0107] The computer system 601 can communicate with one or more remote computer systems through the network 630. For instance, the computer system 601 can communicate with a remote computer system of a user. Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PC), slate or tablet PC’s (e.g., Apple® iPad, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), telephones, Smart phones (e.g., Apple® iPhone, Android-enabled device, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants. The user can access the computer system 601 via the network 630.

[0108] Methods as described herein can be implemented by way of machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storage location of the computer system 601, such as, for example, on the memory 610 or electronic storage unit 615. The machine executable or machine-readable code can be provided in the form of software. During use, the code can be executed by the processor 605. In some cases, the code can be retrieved from the storage unit 615 and stored on the memory 610 for ready access by the processor 605. In some situations, the electronic storage unit 615 can be precluded, and machine-executable instructions are stored on memory 610.

[0109] The code can be pre-compiled and configured for use with a machine having a processer adapted to execute the code or can be compiled during runtime. The code can beAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601supplied in a programming language that can be selected to enable the code to execute in a pre-compiled or as-compiled fashion.

[0110] Aspects of the systems and methods provided herein, such as the computer system 601, can be embodied in programming. Various aspects of the technology may be thought of as “products” or “articles of manufacture” typically in the form of machine (or processor) executable code and / or associated data that is carried on or embodied in a type of machine-readable medium. Machine-executable code can be stored on an electronic storage unit, such as memory (e.g., read-only memory, random-access memory, flash memory) or a hard disk. “Storage” type media can include any or all of the tangible memory of the computers, processors or the like, or associated modules thereof, such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives and the like, which may provide non-transitory storage at any time for the software programming. All or portions of the software may at times be communicated through the Internet or various other telecommunication networks. Such communications, for example, may enable loading of the software from one computer or processor into another, for example, from a management server or host computer into the computer platform of an application server. Thus, another type of media that may bear the software elements includes optical, electrical and electromagnetic waves, such as used across physical interfaces between local devices, through wired and optical landline networks and over various air-links. The physical elements that carry such waves, such as wired or wireless links, optical links or the like, also may be considered as media bearing the software. As used herein, unless restricted to non-transitory, tangible “storage” media, terms such as computer or machine “readable medium” refer to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution.[oni] Hence, a machine-readable medium, such as computer-executable code, may take many forms, including but not limited to, a tangible storage medium, a carrier wave medium or physical transmission medium. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as any of the storage devices in any computer(s) or the like, such as may be used to implement the databases, etc. shown in the drawings. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as main memory of such a computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables; copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a bus within a computer system. Carrier-wave transmission media may take the form of electric or electromagnetic signals, or acoustic or light waves such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Common forms of computer-readable media therefore include for example: a floppy disk, a flexibleAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD or DVD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards paper tape, any other physical storage medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a ROM, a PROM and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave transporting data or instructions, cables or links transporting such a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer may read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to a processor for execution.

[0112] The computer system 601 can include or be in communication with an electronic display 635 that comprises a user interface (UI) 640 for providing, for example, a computer display in a monitoring room for monitoring the data center and CDUs. Examples of UI’s include, without limitation, a graphical user interface (GUI) and web-based user interface.

[0113] Methods and systems of the present disclosure can be implemented by way of one or more algorithms. An algorithm can be implemented by way of software upon execution by the central processing unit 605. The algorithm can, for example, control whether the pressure-determining device 104 exerts sufficient positive pressure to overcome the natural negative pressure of the Venturi tube, thereby controlling whether the overall pressure is positive or negative.Definitions

[0114] Unless defined otherwise, all terms of art, notations and other technical and scientific terms or terminology used herein are intended to have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed subject matter pertains. In some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for clarity and / or for ready reference, and the inclusion of such definitions herein should not necessarily be construed to represent a substantial difference over what is generally understood in the art.

[0115] Although water is used as the exemplary fluid mentioned throughout the application, other fluids of varying viscosities can be used with the systems and methods described herein.

[0116] Throughout this application, various embodiments may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0117] The ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof. Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded by a term such as “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” as used herein include the recited numbers, and also represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. The term “about” or “approximately” may mean within an acceptable error range for the particular value, which will depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, e.g., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount. For example, “about” may mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviation, per the practice in the art. Alternatively, “about” may mean a range of up to 20%, up to 10%, up to 5%, or up to 1% of a given value. As used herein, the term “about” a number refers to that number plus or minus 10% of that number. The term “about” a range refers to that range minus 10% of its lowest value and plus 10% of its greatest value. Where particular values are described in the application and claims, unless otherwise stated the term “about” meaning within an acceptable error range for the particular value may be assumed.

[0118] As used in the specification and claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a sample” includes a plurality of samples, including mixtures thereof.

[0119] Whenever the term “at least,” “greater than,” or “greater than or equal to” precedes the first numerical value in a series of two or more numerical values, the term “at least,” “greater than” or “greater than or equal to” applies to each of the numerical values in that series of numerical values. For example, greater than or equal to 1, 2, or 3 is equivalent to greater than or equal to 1, greater than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 3.

[0120] Whenever the term “no more than,” “less than,” or “less than or equal to” precedes the first numerical value in a series of two or more numerical values, the term “no more than,” “less than,” or “less than or equal to” applies to each of the numerical values in thatAttorney Docket No. 54846-725601series of numerical values. For example, less than or equal to 3, 2, or 1 is equivalent to less than or equal to 3, less than or equal to 2, or less than or equal to 1.

[0121] As used herein, the term "substantially" in reference to a given parameter, property, or condition means and includes to a degree that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the given parameter, property, or condition is met with a degree of variance, such as within acceptable manufacturing tolerances. By way of example, depending on the particular parameter, property, or condition that is substantially met, the parameter, property, or condition may be at least 90.0% met, at least 95.0% met, at least 99.0% met, or even at least 99.9% met.

[0122] The terms “determining,” “measuring,” “evaluating,” “assessing,” “assaying,” and “analyzing” are often used interchangeably herein to refer to forms of measurement. The terms include determining if an element is present or not (for example, detection). These terms can include quantitative, qualitative or quantitative and qualitative determinations. Assessing can be relative or absolute. “Detecting the presence of’ can include determining the amount of something present in addition to determining whether it is present or absent depending on the context.

[0123] The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.

[0124] While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the disclosure be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the disclosure has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the disclosure are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the disclosure described herein may be employed in practicing the disclosure. It is therefore contemplated that the disclosure shall also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations, or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the disclosure and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A cooling system for cooling a data center, wherein the cooling system comprises:a first pressure device configured to generate a positive pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center; anda second pressure device configured to generate a variable pressure on the fluid;a third pressure device configured to generate a negative pressure on the fluid; wherein a net negative pressure or net positive pressure on the fluid in the cooling system and data center is determined at least partially by an interaction between the first pressure device, the second pressure device, and the third pressure device.

2. The cooling system of claim 1, wherein the cooling system is a dual -mode negative and positive pressure cooling system.

3. The cooling system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center from the cooling system.

4. The cooling system of claim 3, wherein the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid.

5. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a heat exchange unit.

6. The cooling system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system.

7. The cooling system of claim 6, wherein cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.

8. The cooling system of claim 7, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

9. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising rounded piping for circulating the fluid.

10. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the third pressure device comprises a Venturi tube.

11. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the third pressure device is configured to generate a preset negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.Attomey Docket No. 54846-72560112. The cooling system of claim 11, wherein the fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system comprises a hot fluid.

13. The cooling system of claim 11 or 12, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the first and second pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

14. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a computer processor configured to provide instructions to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the first or second pressure devices.

15. The cooling system of claim 14, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both.

16. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the net pressure on the fluid is negative when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a larger absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined.

17. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the net pressure on the fluid is positive when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a smaller absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined.

18. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system.

19. The cooling system of claim 18, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank.

20. The cooling system of claim 18, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

21. The cooling system of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising negative and positive pressure.

22. The cooling system of claim 21, wherein, during net negative pressure:(a) the first pressure device is on low or moderate speed sufficient to maintain circulation and prime;(b) the second pressure device is off or on low speed;(c) the third pressure device is configured to circulate the fluid via suction; or (d) any combination thereof.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560123. The cooling system of claim 21 or 22, wherein, during net positive pressure:(a) the first pressure device is on moderate speed;(b) the second pressure device is on high speed to generate a positive pressure; or(c) both.

24. The cooling system of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein, during hybrid mode:(a) the first pressure device is on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) the second pressure device is on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center;(c) the third pressure device is configured to apply suction to the fluid return; or(d) any combination thereof.

25. A cooling system for cooling a data center, wherein the cooling system comprises:one or more pressure devices configured to generate a pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center; anda computer processor configured to provide instructions to the one or more pressure devices for increasing or decreasing a net generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices,wherein decreasing the net generated pressure creates a net negative pressure on the fluid and increasing the net generated pressure creates a net positive pressure on the fluid.

26. The cooling system of claim 25, wherein the cooling system is a dual-mode negative and positive pressure cooling system.

27. The cooling system of claim 25 or 26, wherein the one or more pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

28. The cooling system of claim 27, wherein the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid and the fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system is hot fluid.

29. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 28, further comprising a heat exchange unit.

30. The cooling system of claim 29, wherein the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560131. The cooling system of claim 30, wherein cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.

32. The cooling system of claim 31, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

33. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 32, further comprising rounded piping for circulating the fluid.

34. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 33, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise a Venturi tube configured to create a preset negative pressure in the cooling system.

35. The cooling system of claim 34, wherein the Venturi tube is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

36. The cooling system of claim 34 or 35, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the one or more pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

37. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 36, wherein the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

38. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 37, further comprising one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system.

39. The cooling system of claim 38, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank.

40. The cooling system of claim 38, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

41. The cooling system of any one of claims 25 to 40, wherein the fluid in the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in the cooling system.

42. The cooling system of claim 41, wherein, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and(b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560143. The cooling system of claim 41 or 42, wherein, during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure.

44. The cooling system of any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or(c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

45. A cooling system for cooling a data center, wherein the cooling system comprises:one or more pressure devices configured to generate a pressure on fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center,wherein the one or more pressure devices enable a user to select from flowing the fluid via (i) net negative pressure, (ii) net positive pressure, or (iii) a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in different parts of the cooling system.

46. The cooling system of claim 45, wherein the one or more pressure devices are configured to exert a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

47. The cooling system of claim 46, wherein the fluid entering the data center from the cooling system is cold fluid and the fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system is hot fluid.

48. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 47, further comprising a heat exchange unit.

49. The cooling system of claim 48, wherein the heat exchange unit is configured to cool hot fluid circulating from the data center to the cooling system.

50. The cooling system of claim 49, wherein cooling the hot fluid comprises running the hot fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.

51. The cooling system of claim 50, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

52. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 51, further comprising rounded piping for circulating the fluid.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560153. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise at least one negative pressure device and at least one positive pressure device.

54. The cooling system of claim 53, wherein the at least one negative pressure device comprises a Venturi tube configured to create a preset negative pressure in the cooling system.

55. The cooling system of claim 54, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the at least one positive pressure device is greater than the preset negative pressure.

56. The cooling system of any one of claims 53 to 55, wherein the at least one negative pressure device is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

57. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 56, further comprising a computer processor configured to provide instructions to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices.

58. The cooling system of claim 57, wherein the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

59. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 58, further comprising one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system.

60. The cooling system of claim 59, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise a buffer tank.

61. The cooling system of claim 59, wherein the one or more devices for removing air from the cooling system comprise an air release station.

62. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 61, wherein, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and(b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction.

63. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 62, wherein, during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560164. The cooling system of any one of claims 45 to 63, wherein, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or(c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

65. A cooled data center system, the system comprising:one or more data centers;one or more cooling systems coupled to each of the one or more data centers, wherein each of the one or more cooling systems comprise the cooling system of any one of the preceding claims; anda primary pipe fluidically coupling each of the one or more cooling systems to at least another one of the each of the one or more cooling systems.

66. A method for cooling a data center, comprising:circulating a fluid between the data center and a cooling system coupled to the data center;generating a positive pressure on the fluid circulating in the cooling system and data center via a first pressure device;generating a variable pressure on the fluid via a second pressure device; and generating a negative pressure on the fluid via a third pressure device, wherein a net negative pressure or net positive pressure on the fluid in the cooling system and data center is determined at least partially by an interaction between the first pressure device, the second pressure device, and the third pressure device.

67. The method of claim 66, further comprising circulating the fluid from the cooling system to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center.

68. The method of claim 66 or 67, further comprising circulating the heated fluid to a heat exchange device and cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device.

69. The method of claim 68, further comprising circulating the fluid and cooling the heated fluid via piping.

70. The method of any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560171. The method of claim 70, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

72. The method of any one of claims 66 to 71, further comprising exerting a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center from the cooling system via the first and second pressure devices.

73. The method of any one of claims 66 to 72, wherein generating a negative pressure comprises generating a preset negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the first and second pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

75. The method of any one of claims 66 to 74, further comprising providing instructions, via a computer processor, to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both.

77. The method of any one of claims 66 to 76, wherein the net pressure on the fluid is negative when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a larger absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined.

78. The method of any one of claims 66 to 77, wherein the net pressure on the fluid is positive when the third pressure device generates a sub-atmospheric pressure with a smaller absolute value than the first pressure device and the second pressure device combined.

79. The method of any one of claims 66 to 78, further comprising removing air from the cooling system via one or more of a buffer tank or an air release station.

80. The method of any one of claims 66 to 79, wherein the cooling system is configured to flow via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising negative and positive pressure.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein, during net negative pressure:(a) the first pressure device is on low or moderate speed sufficient to maintain circulation and prime;(b) the second pressure device is off or on low speed;Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601(c) the third pressure device is configured to circulate the fluid via suction; or (d) any combination thereof.

82. The method of claim 80 or 81, wherein, during net positive pressure:(a) the first pressure device is on moderate speed;(b) the second pressure device is on high speed to generate a positive pressure; or(c) both.

83. The method of any one of claims 80 to 82, wherein, during hybrid mode:(a) the first pressure device is on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) the second pressure device is on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center;(c) the third pressure device is configured to apply suction to the fluid return; or(d) any combination thereof.

84. A method for cooling a data center, comprising:(a) injecting fluid into a cooling distribution unit comprising a heat exchange device, a computer processor, and one or more pressure devices;(b) controlling the one or more pressure devices via the computer processor, wherein controlling the one or more pressure devices comprises providing instructions to the one or more pressure device to decrease or increase a generated pressure, wherein decreasing the net generated pressure creates a net negative pressure on the fluid and increasing the net generated pressure creates a net positive pressure on the fluid;(c) circulating the fluid to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center;(d) circulating the heated fluid to the heat exchange device; and (e) cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device.

85. The method of claim 84, wherein the cooling distribution unit is a dual -mode cooling distribution unit that is capable of creating net positive pressure, net negative pressure, or functioning in a hybrid mode.

86. The method of claim 84 or 85, further comprising circulating the fluid and the heated fluid via piping.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to additional injected cold fluid.Attorney Docket No. 54846-72560188. The method of any one of claims 84 to 87, further comprising exerting, via the one or more pressure devices, a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to a cooling system.

89. The method of any one of claims 84 to 88, wherein cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.

90. The method of claim 89, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and a cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

91. The method of any one of claims 84 to 90, further comprising creating a preset negative pressure via the one or more pressure devices, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise a Venturi tube.

92. The method of claim 91, wherein the Venturi tube is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

93. The method of claim 92, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the one or more pressure devices is greater than the preset negative pressure.

94. The method of any one of claims 84 to 93, wherein the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

95. The method of any one of claims 84 to 94, wherein circulating the fluid comprises circulating the fluid via net negative pressure, net positive pressure, or in a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures.

96. The method of claim 95, wherein, during net negative pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a positive pressure device configured to generate a low or moderate positive pressure sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and(b) a negative pressure device configured to circulate the fluid via suction.

97. The method of claim 95 or 96, wherein, during net positive pressure, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices configured to generate a moderate or high positive pressure.

98. The method of any one of claims 95 to 97, wherein, during hybrid mode, the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more of:(a) a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601(b) a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; or(c) a negative pressure device configured to apply suction to the fluid return.

99. A method for cooling a data center, comprising:circulating a fluid between the data center and a cooling system coupled to the data center via one or more pressure devices; andenabling a user, via the one or more pressure devices, to select from circulating the fluid via (i) net negative pressure, (ii) net positive pressure, or (iii) a hybrid mode comprising simultaneous negative and positive pressures in different parts of the cooling system.

100. The method of claim 99, further comprising circulating the fluid from the cooling system to the data center, thereby heating the fluid and cooling the data center.

101. The method of claim 100, further comprising circulating the heated fluid to a heat exchange device and cooling the heated fluid in the heat exchange device.

102. The method of claim 100 or 101, further comprising circulating the fluid and cooling the heated fluid via piping.

103. The method of claim 102, wherein cooling the heated fluid comprises running the heated fluid parallel to incoming cold fluid from a fluid source.

104. The method of claim 103, wherein the heat exchange device comprises an interface between (i) a closed loop of the data center and cooling system and (ii) an open loop of the fluid source.

105. The method of any one of claims 99 to 104, further comprising exerting, via the one or more pressure devices, a positive pressure on fluid entering the data center and negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

106. The method of any one of claims 99 to 105, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise at least one negative pressure device and at least one positive pressure device.

107. The method of claim 106, further comprising creating a preset negative pressure in the cooling system via the at least one negative pressure device, wherein the at least one negative pressure device comprises a Venturi tube.

108. The method of claim 107, wherein the net positive pressure on the fluid is generated when the positive pressure generated by the at least one positive pressure device is greater than the preset negative pressure.Attorney Docket No. 54846-725601109. The method of any one of claims 106 to 108, wherein the at least one negative pressure device is configured to generate a negative pressure on fluid exiting the data center and returning to the cooling system.

110. The method of any one of claims 99 to 109, further comprising providing instructions, via a computer processor, to (i) the first pressure device, (ii) the second pressure device, or (iii) both for increasing or decreasing the generated pressure of the one or more pressure devices.

111. The method of claim 110, wherein the instructions from the computer processor comprise instructions to adjust the rotations per minute (RPM) of the one or more pressure devices.

112. The method of any one of claims 99 to 111, further comprising removing air from the cooling system via one or more of a buffer tank or an air release station.

113. The method of any one of claims 99 to 112, further comprising, during net negative pressure:(a) generating a low or moderate positive pressure, via a positive pressure device, sufficient to maintain circulation and prime; and(b) circulating the fluid by suction via a negative pressure device.

114. The method of any one of claims 99 to 113, further comprising, during net positive pressure, generating a moderate or high positive pressure via the one or more pressure devices, wherein the one or more pressure devices comprise one or more positive pressure devices.

115. The method of any one of claims 99 to 114, further comprising, during hybrid mode:(a) running a first pressure device on a speed sufficient to sustain fluid return from the data center without flooding the fluid return into positive pressure;(b) running a second pressure device on moderate speed to maintain positive pressure on the fluid supply line to the data center; and(c) applying suction to the fluid return via a negative pressure device.

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