Radio frequency identification tag for tubular packaging

Abstract

A radio frequency identification tag for a tubular package, and in particular a chub package, is provided. The tag comprises a substrate having an aperture and an inlay zone. The tag is attached to the tubular package through the aperture to position the inlay zone for improved readability.

Description

AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION TAG FOR TUBULAR PACKAGINGPRIORITY CLAIM

[0001] The present application claims priority to US Provisional Application 63 / 762,352, filed on February 24, 2025, the entire disclosure and contents of which are incorporated by reference.FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, and more particularly to a radio frequency identification tag for tubular packages. In particular, the radio frequency identification tag provides improve readability when the tubular packages contain high-dielectric products.BACKGROUND

[0003] In recent years, the food industry has increasingly turned to advanced tracking and identification technologies to enhance supply chain management, inventory control, and food safety measures. Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) RFID technology has emerged as a promising solution due to its ability to wirelessly capture data without line-of-sight requirements. However, the application of UHF RFID tags to certain food packaging types, particularly chub packages, presents notable technical challenges.

[0004] Chub packages, commonly used for ground meats, sausages, and other processed foods, consist of flexible, tubular casings that are sealed at both ends. INChub package along with other types of tubular packaging may be used for products that typically have high moisture content and dielectric properties that can interfere with radio frequency signals. The proximity of the UHF RFID tag to high-dielectric content can cause antenna detuning, reducing the UHF RFID tag's resonant frequency and impacting its ability to efficiently harvest power from and respond to reader signals.

[0005] Additionally, the curved surface of chub packages can affect the UHF RFID tag's read range and performance. More specifically, when the UHF RFID tag is applied to a curved surface, the antenna may bend or stretch, which can alter the antenna's electrical characteristics. Further, the curvature may cause uneven current distribution along the antenna, affecting its resonant frequency and impedance matching with the RFID chip. The curvature may also alter the antenna's1LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076polarization characteristics, potentially affecting its ability to communicate with RFID readers in certain orientations. Further, different degrees of curvature at various points on the package may result in inconsistent performance across the tag's surface.

[0006] Furthermore, the variable orientation of chub packages during storage, transportation, and retail display compounds these challenges. RFID systems for chub packages need to maintain consistent read performance regardless of package orientation to ensure reliable data capture throughout the supply chain. This requirement adds another layer of complexity to tag design and placement considerations.

[0007] Existing approaches to address RFID performance challenges on complex surfaces like chub packages face significant technical hurdles. Specialized antenna designs aimed at mitigating detuning effects in high-dielectric environments often struggle with cross-product compatibility and size constraints. The implementation of novel substrate materials or protective layers to buffer the tag from package contents introduces complexities in material science and manufacturing processes. Attempts to modify attachment methods, such as incorporating spacers or standoffs, encounter difficulties in maintaining tag durability and integrating with established packaging systems.

[0008] The curved surface and variable orientation of chub packages create a complex electromagnetic environment that complicates antenna design and placement. The high moisture content and dielectric properties of the package contents further exacerbate issues of signal attenuation and detuning. The industry's need for cost-effective solutions presents another layer of technical complexity. Achieving consistent RFID performance across various product types, package sizes, and stacking configurations while maintaining a compact form factor remains a significant engineering challenge. The potential for inter-tag interference in densely packed storage, transportation, merchandising and / or retail scenarios further complicates the design requirements.

[0009] As the demand for efficient and accurate tracking solutions in the food industry continues to grow, there remains a clear need for reliable RFID solutions that can overcome the aforementioned challenges presented by tubular packaging such as chub packaging.2LEGALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076SUMMARY

[0010] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0011] Throughout the present subject matter, a radio frequency identification tag is described, and more particularly a UHF RFID tag for tagging tubular packages, including chub packages containing products with relatively high dielectric properties, such as meat. Radio frequency identification tag comprises an antenna and integrated circuit architecture specifically adapted to operate in close proximity to the packaged product and associated packaging materials without substantial degradation in read range or reliability. In some aspects, the radio frequency identification tag may be designed to maintain consistent electromagnetic performance when a plurality of similarly tagged chub packages are arranged in stacked, adjacent, or otherwise aggregated configurations, such as during storage, transportation, or retail display.

[0012] These various design considerations and features may be combined and configured in different ways to create radio frequency identification tags that offer robust performance when attached to tubular packages, even in challenging environments such as densely stacked configurations or in the presence of potentially interfering materials.

[0013] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be designed to maintain performance when stacked in a tag-on-tag configuration with other similar tagged chub packages.

[0014] In one aspect there is provided a radio frequency identification tag for a tubular package comprising a substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The substrate may comprise a fastening zone having an aperture that passes from the first surface to the second surface, and a band that surrounds the aperture, a neck zone adjacent to the fastening zone and connected to a portion of the band, wherein the neck zone is configured to bend when the a portion of the band and / or fastening aperture is attached to an end of the tubular package, an inlay zone separated from the fastening zone by the neck zone. In some embodiments, an antenna may be disposed within the inlay zone on the first surface of the substrate and an integrated circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna, wherein the second surface of the inlay zone maintains an3LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076air gap with the tubular package. Preferably, the air gap may have a minimum distance of at least 0.2 mm to allow the radio frequency identification tag to remain in free space and not in contact with the tubular package. In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be selected from an ultra-high frequency device (UHF), a near field communication device (NFC), a Bluetooth low energy device (BLE) a long-term evolution device (LTE) and an electronic article surveillance (EAS) device. In some embodiments, the antenna may include dipole antennas, T-match antennas, reversed T-match antennas, impedance-matching loop antennas, and / or slot antennas.

[0015] In another aspect there is provided a radio frequency identification tag for a tubular package comprising a substrate with a fastening aperture configured for attachment to a tubular package, and an inlay zone disposed on the substrate, the inlay zone including an antenna disposed on the substrate at a location substantially outside of the fastening aperture and within the diameter of the tubular package, and an integrated circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna. In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be selected from an ultra-high frequency device (UHF), a near field communication device (NFC), a Bluetooth low energy device (BLE) a long-term evolution device (LTE) and an electronic article surveillance (EAS) device. In some embodiments, the antenna may be dipole antennas, T-match antennas, reversed T-match antennas, impedance-matching loop antennas, and / or slot antennas.

[0016] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure and are not restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present subject matter, exemplary constructions of the subject matter are shown in the drawings. However, the present subject matter is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.4LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0018] Embodiments of the present subject matter will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:

[0019] FIG. 1A illustrates a side view of a tubular package with a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with an embodiment.

[0020] FIG. IB illustrates a perspective view of the tubular package with the radio frequency identification in accordance with an embodiment.

[0021] FIG. 2A illustrates a front view of a radio frequency identification tag positioned within the diameter of a tubular package in accordance with an embodiment.

[0022] FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-section view of a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with an embodiment.

[0023] FIGS. 2C and 2D illustrate a radio frequency identification tag having a clamping zone in accordance with an embodiment.

[0024] FIG. 2E illustrates a front view of a radio frequency identification tag having an inlay portion that extends across the diameter of a tubular package in accordance with an embodiment

[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a radio frequency identification tag having a rounded substrate and positioned within the diameter of a tubular package in accordance with an embodiment.

[0026] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a radio frequency identification tag with a rounded inlay zone in accordance with an embodiment.

[0027] FIG. 5 illustrates a radio frequency identification tag having an inlay zone with one portion within a diameter of a tubular package and another portion outside of the diameter in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for tagging a tubular package with a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the nonunderlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an5LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following detailed description illustrates various embodiments of the present subject matter and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present subject matter have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present subject matter are also possible.

[0031] Radio frequency identification technology has become increasingly important across a wide range of industries for tracking, identification, and inventory management of products throughout the supply chain. However, the performance of radio frequency identification systems may be significantly degraded in challenging operating environments that include lossy, high-dielectric materials, such as food products, liquids, and certain packaging materials. Such materials are frequently enclosed within tubular packages, including chub packages, for processing, transportation, and delivery to customers. Due to problems associated with reduced read range, detuning, or inconsistent performance, radio frequency identification tags have not been applied to or used in proximity to these tubular packages. The radio frequency identification tags disclosed herein are configured to overcome one or more of these limitations, thereby enabling reliable identification and improved inventory management of high-dielectric products packaged in tubular packages.

[0032] Some embodiments disclosed herein include a radio frequency identification tag and a method of tagging a tubular package with the radio frequency identification tag. Tagging tubular packages with the disclosed radio frequency identification tag may significantly improve inventory management by enabling automated identification, tracking, and data collection throughout manufacturing, storage, transportation, distribution and / or retail processes. In particular, placement of the radio frequency identification tag on or in association with a tubular package may increase the speed, accuracy, and reliability of inventory operations relative to manual or optical identification techniques, such as barcode scanning. The disclosed approach enables non-line-of-sight identification of individual tubular packages and further allows for simultaneous6LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076interrogation of multiple tagged packages. In addition, the present subject matter includes radio frequency identification tags and attachment configurations that are well suited for use with tubular packages in high-moisture, refrigerated, or cold-storage environments,.

[0033] Referring to FIGS. 1A and IB, there is shown a tubular package 100 having a radio frequency identification tag 102 attached to a first end 104. In some embodiments, the tubular package 100 may have a second end 106 that is opposed to the first end 104. In some embodiments, a radio frequency identification tag 102 may be attached to the second end 106 instead of the first end 104, or tags may be attached to both ends. The first end 104 and the second end 106 are typically configured to be opened during a filling operation to permit insertion of a product into the tubular package 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the product comprises ground meat, such as ground beef, and the tubular package 100 is commonly referred to as a chub package. While tubular packages 100 may include two opposing open ends prior to closure, in some embodiments the second end 106 may be sealed or otherwise closed, such that only the first end 104 is opened to receive the product. In certain implementations, a tubular package having a closed second end 106 may include a gusset or burst-protection feature. Each end of the tubular package 100 may be independently closed using a fastener 108, such as a clip or crimp. In one or more embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 is attached to, integrated with, or supported by the fastener 108.

[0034] Generally, the tubular package 100 has a substantially rounded or circular cross-section and includes one or more curved exterior surfaces extending along a longitudinal axis of the package. In addition, the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tubular package 100 may likewise define rounded or curved geometries when formed and closed. In one or more embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 is positioned such that it is not disposed directly against the curved exterior surfaces of the tubular package 100. Instead, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be located on, adjacent to, or supported by a substantially planar or stiffened region associated with an end closure or fastener, thereby reducing deformation of the radio frequency identification tag 102 and improving electromagnetic performance relative to placement on a curved surface.7LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0035] Placement of a radio frequency identification tag 102 directly against a curved exterior surface of a tubular package 100 containing a high-dielectric product may adversely affect tag performance. Curvature of the underlying tubular package 100 can introduce mechanical bending, compression, or torsion of the antenna, which may alter antenna geometry and impedance characteristics relative to a nominal design condition. In addition, close proximity between the radio frequency identification tag and the high-dielectric, lossy contents of the tubular package may increase electromagnetic coupling and energy absorption by the product, thereby reducing radiation efficiency and read range. These effects may be exacerbated when multiple tubular packages are positioned adjacent to one another, such as in stacked or bundled configurations. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, positioning the radio frequency identification tag away from curved package surfaces may result in more consistent and reliable performance.

[0036] The tubular package 100 may be made from a flexible or semi-rigid film material, such as a monolayer film or multi-ply laminate film structure. In preferred embodiments, the film material comprises food-grade materials suitable for direct contact with consumable products. Exemplary materials may include, without limitation, polyolefins (preferably polyethylene), polyvinyl chloride, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, or metal foil layers. In some embodiments, the film material comprises a heat-sealable laminate, such as a laminate including polyethylene and oriented nylon layers, polypropylene and oriented polyethylene layers, or similar constructions, optionally including a barrier layer formed from polyvinyl chloride or other oxygen- or moisture-barrier materials. The film material is preferably puncture-resistant and sufficiently durable to withstand manufacturing, filling, transportation, and handling operations. In certain embodiments, the film material includes a clear or transparent portion to permit visual inspection of the packaged product, such as to indicate freshness to a consumer.

[0037] The thickness of the flexible or semi-rigid film material may be selected to be suitable for filling and retaining the desired product and may generally range from 0.05 mm to 0.8 mm, for example from 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. In one embodiment, the tubular package 100 may be formed with overlapped longitudinal edges 110 that are lap-sealed to define the tubular structure, although other sealing or forming techniques may be employed. In some embodiments, the film material8LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076may provide a substantially gas-impermeable barrier configured to limit ingress of moisture, oxygen, or other environmental contaminants.

[0038] In some embodiments, the film material forming the tubular package 100 includes at least one printable region configured to receive and display product-related information or other visible indicia. The printable region may extend partially or substantially around a circumference of the tubular package 100, and in certain embodiments may extend continuously around the entire circumference. The displayed information may include human-readable indicia such as, for example, a product description, expiration or use-by date, lot or batch number, processing facility identifier, or a unique identifier associated with radio frequency identification data stored on a radio frequency identification tag coupled to the package. In addition, or alternatively, the visible indicia may include machine-readable indicia, including but not limited to one or more barcodes, two-dimensional codes, or quick-response codes, which may encode product identification information, tracking data, or information corresponding to the radio frequency identification tag to facilitate inventory management, traceability, authentication, or verification of the packaged product.

[0039] The tubular package 100 may be filled with a food product, including but not limited to meats, doughs, dairy products such as cheese, plant-based food products, or pet food. In some embodiments, the food product may comprise ground meat, pork, and / or poultry, which is particularly well suited for packaging in the tubular package 100. In some embodiments, the food product may constitute a high-dielectric material. Exemplary high-dielectric materials include protein-based products, such as meat, including but not limited to beef, chicken, sausage, cured meats, turkey, pork, seafood, and similar protein-containing food products. Such high-dielectric materials may generally exhibit a relative permittivity (er) of greater than or equal to 5, for example greater than or equal to 15, or more preferably greater than or equal to 20, and less than or equal to about 60, such as less than or equal to 55 or less than or equal to 50. The relative permittivity (sr) of the food product may vary based on factors including, but not limited to, temperature state (e g., frozen, partially frozen, or thawed), moisture content, fat content, and formulation of the protein. The presence of such high-dielectric materials within the tubular package 100 may significantly influence the electromagnetic environment of an associated RFID tag, including by9LEGALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076shifting the resonant frequency of the tag antenna and reducing radiation efficiency, thereby affecting read range and overall RFID system performance.

[0040] In some embodiments, the tubular package 100 may be referred to as a chub package, a cylinder casing, a sleeve package, or a form-and-fill package. Regardless of the type of tubular package 100, the tubular package 100 generally exhibits a compact, elongated geometry that is efficient for loading, handling, transportation, storage, and retail display. The tubular package 100 may have a tubular or cylinder shape where the length (1) is greater than diameter (d). For purposes of this disclosure, the diameter (d) may be taken as the maximum diameter of the tubular package 100 once filled with the product. A cross-section taken at the maximum diameter may be substantially circular or oval, although other rounded or irregular cross-sectional shapes may be used for certain implementations of the tubular package 100. Other irregular rounded shapes may be used for some types of tubular packages 100.

[0041] The size of the tubular package 100 may vary depending on the type of food product, fill weight, and desired unit of sale. In some embodiments, the diameter (d) may be greater than or equal to 10 mm, e.g., greater than or equal to 25 mm, greater than or equal to 30 mm, greater than or equal to 45 mm, greater than or equal to 50 mm, greater than or equal to 75 mm, or greater than or equal to 100 mm. In certain embodiments, the diameter (d) may fall within a range from about 10 mm to about 160 mm, for example from 10 mm to 140 mm, from 25 mm to 125 mm, from 30 mm to 115 mm, from 45 mm to 100 mm, or from 45 mm to 75 mm.

[0042] As discussed further herein, to improve the readability and operational reliability of an associated radio frequency identification tag, the tag may be positioned such that it does not extend radially beyond the maximum diameter (d) of the tubular package 100. In addition, maintaining the radio frequency identification tag within the dimensional envelope of the tubular package 100 may reduce mechanical deformation of the tag during handling, stacking, or transport, thereby mitigating detuning effects, physical damage, and interference that could otherwise degrade radio frequency identification performance.

[0043] The tubular package 100 may have a length (1) that is greater than the diameter (d) so as to accommodate and retain the food product contained therein while maintaining a generally elongated form factor. In some embodiments, the length (1) of the tubular package 100 may range10LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076from 50 mm to 650 mm, e.g., from 100 mm to 450 mm or from 100 mm to 300 mm. The length (1) of the tubular package 100 may be selected based on factors including, but not limited to, product type, fill weight, packaging equipment constraints, and desired handling or display characteristics. The tubular package 100 may have lengths greater than those expressly listed herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0044] Fasteners 108 may be used to independently seal the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tubular package 100. The fastener 108 may function by gathering, constricting, compressing, or otherwise securing the film material of the tubular package 100 to close the corresponding end. In some embodiments, the close end may be sealed by the fastener 108. The fastener 108 may be selected from a group including metal fasteners, plastic fasteners, fiber fasteners, or composite fasteners formed from a combination of metal and plastic materials. In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may be formed from a metal strip cut from a coil or reel during packaging operations.

[0045] Exemplary fasteners 108 include, but are not limited to, clips, crimps, clamps, sealing nuts, locking mechanisms, tapes, strings, ropes, twist ties, zip ties, hog rings, staples, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may comprise a metal clip having a polymer or plastic coating to reduce corrosion, improve handling safety, or enhance compatibility with the package film. When sealed using the fastener 108, the tubular package 100 may provide effective barrier protection, leak resistance, and extended product shelflife.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may alternatively comprise a seal formed using the film material of the tubular package 100 to close the first end 104 and / or the second end 106. The seal may be formed by a thermal process or an ultrasonic welding process. Depending on the product and packaging process, the fastener 108 may be configured to maintain a vacuum or reduced-oxygen environment within the tubular package 100, thereby limiting oxygen ingress to extend shelf life by reducing oxidation of meat products, inhibiting the growth of aerobic microorganisms, maintaining color stability, and preserving flavor compounds. In certain embodiments, the location and configuration of the fastener 108 may also be selected to avoid interference with a radio frequency identification tag coupled to the tubular package 100, thereby11LEG ALU 133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076reducing electromagnetic detuning or mechanical deformation of the radio frequency identification tag during sealing, handling, or transport.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the fastener 108 is preferably a metal clip. Accordingly, the metal clip comprises a U-shaped structure configured to crimp over the end of the tubular packaging 100 while securing the radio frequency identification tag 102. The U-shaped configuration allows the metal clip to wrap around and compress the gathered film material at the first end 104 or the second end 106 of the tubular package 100, thereby forming a secure mechanical seal. In some embodiments, the metal clip may incorporate a crimping mechanism which, when actuated, causes opposing arms of the U-shaped structure to deform inwardly and tighten around a predetermined portion of the tubular package 100, such as the first end 104 or second end 106. The radio frequency identification tag 102 may be retained within, adjacent to, or integrated with the metal clip such that the tag is mechanically stabilized during sealing, handling, and transport, while maintaining a consistent spatial relationship with the tubular package 100 to support reliable performance.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may be configured with one or more structural features, or material properties that cause the fastener 108, such as a metal clip, to deform in a predetermined and identifiable manner when subjected to tampering, unauthorized opening, or excessive force. Such deformation may include irreversible bending, fracture at intentionally weakened or scored regions, separation at breakaway portions, or discernible changes in surface texture, shape, or visual appearance. In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may incorporate stress-sensitive regions that permanently deform when loads exceeding a predefined threshold are applied, or deformation patterns that are difficult to reverse or replicate without specialized tooling. The resulting deformation may provide readily observable visual evidence of tampering, thereby enhancing the security, traceability, and integrity of the tubular package 100 throughout processing, distribution, and retail handling. In certain embodiments, tamper-induced deformation of the fastener 108 may also alter a spatial relationship between the fastener 108 and an associated radio frequency identification tag 102, providing a secondary indication of tampering through changes in readability or performance.12LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0049] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be attached to at least one fastener 108 positioned at the first end 104 and / or the second end 106 of the tubular package 100. The radio frequency identification tag 102 may be attached to the fastener 108 prior to insertion of the product into the tubular package 100, thereby allowing the radio frequency identification tag 102 to be applied before or during package formation. In other embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be attached to the fastener 108 after the product has been inserted into the tubular package 100 and the corresponding end has been sealed. In still further embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be formed integrally with the fastener 108 as a single, unitary structure, such that application of the fastener 108 simultaneously secures the radio frequency identification tag 102 to the tubular package 100. Such configurations may enable consistent and repeatable placement of the radio frequency identification tag 102, support automated packaging operations, and improve mechanical stability and performance during handling, transport, and storage.

[0050] As illustrated in FIGS. 1A and IB, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be positioned relative to the fastener 108 in free space that does not contact the surface of the tubular package 100. By maintaining the radio frequency identification tag 102 in free space may function to improve the readability and operational performance of the radio frequency identification tag 102 by reducing electromagnetic coupling between the radio frequency identification tag 102 and the high-dielectric material contained within the tubular package 100. In one embodiment, the fastener may be maintained in the free space such that an air gap 112 exists between the radio frequency identification tag 102 and the tubular package 100. The air gap 112 may be established by positioning the radio frequency identification tag 102 so as not to be in direct contact with the film or the product contained therein. Increasing the air gap 112 may reduce dielectric loading of the radio frequency identification antenna, thereby mitigating detuning effects and improving radiation efficiency and read range. In some embodiments, a minimum air gap 112 may be at least 0.2 mm or more, e.g., at least 0.3 mm or more or at least 0.5 mm or more. In terms of ranges, the minimum air gap may be from 0.2 mm to 20 mm, e.g., from 0.25 to 15 mm, from 0.3 mm to 10 mm or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The air gap 112 may be maintained by the geometry, thickness, or configuration of the fastener 108, or by structural features of the radio frequency identification tag13LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076102, without increasing the overall maximum diameter of the tubular package 100. The air gap 112 may be measured from the farthest end of the inlay zone or antenna from the fastening aperture to the surface of the tubular package.

[0051] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may be positioned so as to extend outwardly from a side of the fastener 108 that is opposite the tubular package 100. Such positioning may spatially separate the radio frequency identification tag 102 in free space from the tubular package 100 and the product contained therein, thereby establishing the air gap described herein. By extending away from the tubular package 100, the radio frequency identification tag 102 may experience reduced dielectric loading from the high-dielectric material of the packaged product, which can improve antenna tuning, radiation efficiency, and overall readability. In some embodiments, the fastener 108 may function as a structural support that maintains the radio frequency identification tag 102 in this spaced relationship during sealing, handling, transport, storage, and / or retail.

[0052] Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, a radio frequency identification tag 202 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment is illustrated. Radio frequency identification tag 202 comprises a substrate 220 having a first surface 222 and second surface 224. The substrate 220 may comprise any suitable material configured to provide mechanical support, dimensional stability, and / or electrical insulation for one or more conductive features of an antenna (e.g., a radiating element, trace, or pattern) disposed on or carried by the substrate 220. In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may further serve as a carrier for an RFID inlay that includes an integrated circuit and an antenna structure.

[0053] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may include one or more functional regions, such as at least one fastening zone 226, at least one neck zone 228, and at least one inlay zone 230. The fastening zone 226 may be configured to interface with a fastener (e.g., a clip or clamp) for attachment to a tubular package (e.g., a chub package), while the inlay zone 230 may be configured to receive, support, or define the location of the inlay and associated antenna structure. The neck zone 228 may be disposed between, and may mechanically couple, the fastening zone 226 and the inlay zone 230, and may be configured to provide controlled flexibility, spacing, and / or strain relief between the attachment region and the inlay region. In some embodiments, the substrate 22014LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076may include multiple fastening zones 226, multiple neck zones 228, and / or multiple inlay zones 230, for example to enable alternative attachment orientations, redundant mounting features, or different antenna / inlay layouts.

[0054] The substrate 220 may preferably be formed from a flexible or semi-rigid material to accommodate deformation during attachment, handling, and use. In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may comprise a monolayer or multilayer construction formed from plastic, paper, polymer films, fibrous materials, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the substrate may be constructed of polyolefins, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, paper or metal foil layers. In some embodiments, the polyolefins may comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, copolymers thereof, mixtures thereof or blends thereof. In some embodiments, the paper may be coated paper, thermal paper, high performance paper, and / or engineered paper. The substrate 220 may be made from a similar material as the film material of the tubular package or may be made from a different material. In certain embodiments, the substrate 220 may be fabricated from a low-loss dielectric material having a dielectric constant selected to enable operation in close proximity to high-dielectric materials, such as meat or other protein-based food products, while maintaining acceptable antenna efficiency and tuning stability. The substrate material may be selected to provide mechanical durability, dimensional stability, and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, temperature variation, and mechanical stress. In addition, the substrate material and any conductive antenna patterns formed thereon may be selected or engineered to withstand localized stress concentrations, including those occurring near fastening apertures, clips, or crimp regions, such that the radio frequency identification tag remains functional and readable throughout processing, packaging, shipping, storage, and handling across the entire value chain.

[0055] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may be constructed from materials including, but not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyester, polyamide, cotton-polyester blends, extrusion-coated paper, impregnated paper, or thermal label stock. Such materials may be selected to provide a combination of flexibility, mechanical strength, environmental resistance, and electrical characteristics suitable for radio frequency identification (RFID) operation in proximity to high-dielectric food products. In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may have a15LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 3 mm, e g., from 0.3 mm to 2.5 mm or from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The selected thickness may balance mechanical robustness with flexibility and electromagnetic performance, including maintaining antenna spacing and minimizing dielectric losses. In certain embodiments, the substrate 220 may be configured for repurposing or reuse across multiple tagging operations, for example by withstanding repeated attachment and removal from fasteners while maintaining structural integrity and functionality.

[0056] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may incorporate a textured surface pattern on the second surface 224 that maintains a minimum air gap between the substrate 220 and the tubular package, in particular the curved surfaces of the tubular package. The textured surface pattern allows the radio frequency identification tag 202 to be positioned in free space without being in contact with the tubular package.

[0057] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 202 may further comprise a protective layer disposed over at least a portion of the substrate 220. The protective layer may be laminated to the substrate 220 or adhered to the substrate 220. In some embodiments, the protective layer may be electrically non-conductive. The protective layer may be configured to provide mechanical protection, environmental resistance, or electrical insulation for the substrate 220 and any antenna or inlay components supported thereon. The protective layer may also enhance the security of the radio frequency identification tag 202 and provides a substantially tamper-proof layering. Multiple protective layers may be provided on each of the surfaces 222, 224 of the substrate to form a sandwich structure. In some embodiments, an aperture may be formed in the radio frequency identification tag 202 for receiving a fastener may extend through both the substrate 220 and the protective layer, thereby allowing the radio frequency identification tag 202 to be secured to a fastener without delamination or misalignment of the layers. The protective layer may be formed from a polymeric film, coating, laminate, or other suitable material and may be continuous or discontinuous across the substrate 220. The inclusion of the protective layer may improve durability of the radio frequency identification tag 202 during crimping, sealing, handling, and transport, while maintaining consistent performance when attached to a tubular package containing high-dielectric food products.16LEGALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0058] In some embodiments, the fastening zone 226 may comprise at least one aperture 232 that passed from the first surface 222 to the second surface 224. In some embodiments, there may be provided a band 234 that surrounds at least a portion of the fastening aperture 232. The band 234 may define at least a portion of the fastening aperture 232. The aperture 232 may be configured to accommodate a fastener, such as metal clip or similar closure device, for attaching the radio frequency identification tag to the tubular package. A fastener from the tubular package may pass through the fastening aperture 232 and is secured thereto by the band 234. Accordingly, the band 234 may distribute stresses and / or resist tearing, delamination, or deformation of the substrate 220 at or near the fastening aperture 232 during crimping, handling, transport, or storage.

[0059] The fastening aperture 232 may be a ringed opening in the shape of a circle, oval or ellipse. Other irregular shapes may be used for the fastening aperture 232 provided there is at least one curve. The band 234 may be a corresponding shape as the aperture 232. In addition, the fastening aperture 232 may be a closed ring as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. In other embodiments the fastening aperture 232 may comprise a ringed opening that includes a gap (e.g., a split ring) to facilitate installation, alignment, or mechanical compliance with the fastener.

[0060] The fastening aperture 232 may have a size defined by a minimum effective diameter sufficient to receive a fastener while maintaining structural integrity of the fastening zone 226. In some embodiments, the minimum diameter of the fastening aperture 232 may be at least 1 mm or more, e.g., 2 mm or more, 5 mm or more, or 10 mm or more. In terms of ranges, the minimal diameter of the fastening aperture 232 may be from 1 mm to 100 mm, e.g., 1 mm to 50 mm, from 1 mm to 25 mm, from 1 mm to 10 mm or from 1 mm to 5 mm. The size of the fastening aperture 232 may be selected to permit a limited degree of relative movement between the radio frequency identification tag 202 and the fastener, which may reduce mechanical stress concentrations and improve orientation insensitivity of the radio frequency identification tag 202 during interrogation by accommodating variations in tag alignment, package orientation, and handling conditions.

[0061] To provide a sufficient amount of material for the attaching the radio frequency identification tag 202 to the tubular package the band 234 may have a minimum width of at least 0.1 mm or more, e.g., at least 0.2 mm or more, at least 0.25 mm or more, or at least 0.4 mm or more. The minimum width of the band 234 may be selected to resist tearing, deformation, or17LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076delamination during attachment and handling. A band width below the stated minimums may increase the risk of tearing or failure of the radio frequency identification tag 202 during crimping or handling, while an excessively large band width may interfere with proper operation of the fastener, potentially impeding sealing performance and leading to leakage or oxygen ingress into the tubular package. Accordingly, the width of the band 234 may be selected to balance mechanical durability of the radio frequency identification tag 202 with sealing effectiveness of the fastener.

[0062] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may include a deformable member around the fastening aperture 232 to conform to the shape of the fastener, such as a metal clip, upon attachment. The deformable member may be made of metal, plastic or combination thereof, The deformable member may extend completely around the fastening aperture 232 or may extend around a portion of the fastening aperture 232. The band 234 that surrounds the fastening aperture 232 may contain the deformable member. In one embodiment, the deformable member may be attached to either surface of the substrate 220 or may be embedded within the substrate 220.

[0063] In addition to the high-dielectric material contained within the tubular package 200, a fastener used to close the first end and / or second end of the tubular package 200 may also adversely affect performance of the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag 202, particularly when the fastener includes conductive materials such as metal. To reduce electromagnetic interference and mechanical stress associated with the fastener, the RFID tag 202 may incorporate a non-conductive or electrically inactive region that separates the fastening zone 226 from the inlay zone 230, such as by use of the neck zone 228. The neck zone 228 may provide physical spacing between the fastener and the RFID inlay to mitigate detuning or signal attenuation caused by proximity to the fastener. In addition, the neck zone 228 may function as a strain-relief region that distributes mechanical forces generated during fastening, sealing, handling, or transport, thereby reducing stress transmission to the inlay zone 230 and helping maintain structural integrity and consistent RFID readability.

[0064] In one embodiment, the neck zone 228 may be configured to flex or bend when the fastening aperture 232 is attached to an end of the tubular package. The neck zone 228 may be wider than the fastening aperture 232. In some embodiments, the neck zone 228 may have a width that is greater than or equal to the maximum width of the band 234 that surrounds the aperture 232.18LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076Such dimensional relationships may provide sufficient material to distribute mechanical loads while maintaining flexibility. In some embodiments, the neck zone 228 does not have any apertures and is not connected to the fastener or end of the tubular package. Although reinforcement members or stiffening features may be included in certain embodiments, it may be preferable for the neck zone 228 to remain substantially unreinforced and flexible so as to accommodate bending, absorb stresses induced during fastening and handling, and reduce stress transfer to the inlay zone 230, thereby helping to preserve mechanical integrity and consistent radio frequency identification performance.

[0065] In some embodiments, the neck zone 228 may be configured to bend or deflect in a manner that increases an air gap between the radio frequency identification tag 202, particularly the inlay zone 230, and the tubular package. The neck zone 228 or a portion of the neck zone 228 may be in contact with the surface of the tubular package, provided that the neck zone 228 functions to maintain the inlay portion 230 in free space. The neck zone 228 may be positioned adjacent to the fastening zone 226, and in some embodiments may be connected to an end or edge of the band 234 surrounding the fastening aperture 232. As the band 234 is engaged by a fastener and subjected to compressive forces or increased tension during sealing, the neck zone 228 may absorb and redistribute such forces by flexing, thereby reducing stress transfer to the inlay zone 230. This bending action may further serve to spatially separate the inlay zone 230 from the high-dielectric contents of the tubular package, enhancing antenna tuning, radiation efficiency, and overall readability of the radio frequency identification tag 202 during interrogation.

[0066] Although a neck zone 228 may be advantageous for maintaining an air gap, in some embodiments, the neck zone may be relatively small, shortened, or omitted, such that the inlay zone 230 is directly connected to or closely adjacent to the fastening zone 226. The size and composition of this neck zone 228 may be adjusted based on the specific characteristics of the fastener and the desired read performance. In some embodiments, the size, geometry, and material composition of the neck zone 228 may be selected or adjusted based on characteristics of the fastener, such as material, stiffness, or crimping force, as well as desired mechanical durability.

[0067] In one embodiment, the substrate 220 may comprise an inlay zone 230. To allow for the antenna to function in close proximity to the high dielectric material, it is preferred that the inlay19LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076zone 230 be maintained in free space and not in contact with the film of the tubular package. As the inlay zone is positioned closer to the fastening zone 226, it is preferred to increase the air gap. The inlay zone 230 may comprise an antenna 236. The inlay zone 230 may have a variety of shapes to accommodate the antenna 236 including circular or oval shapes, rectangular or square shapes, or any other similar type shape. In some embodiments, the antenna 236 of the radio frequency identification tag 202 may be positioned between the fastening aperture 232 and an outer edge of the substrate 220. This configuration may increase the available space on the substrate 220 for the antenna while minimizing potential interference from the fastener. In some embodiments, the inlay zone 230 may be configured to remain substantially undeformed when the radio frequency identification tag 202 is attached to the tubular package, such that the inlay zone 230 does not significantly bend, stretch, or crimp during fastening. Preferably, the inlay zone 230 remains relatively flat and is not forced to conform to the curvature of the tubular package, thereby helping to preserve antenna geometry, impedance matching, and consistent RFID readability.

[0068] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 202 is configured and structured to provide a sufficient area of the inlay zone 230 for the antenna 236. Preferably, the area of the inlay zone may be greater than or equal to 10 mm2, e.g., greater than or equal to 20 mm2. The area of the inlay zone may vary depending on the size of the tubular package and substrate. Although the antenna 236 may not fully occupy the entire inlay zone, having an increased area for the inlay zone provides advantages to improve the readability of the radio frequency identification tag 202 by using different types of antenna configurations. In some embodiments, the inlay zone 230 has an area that is greater than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the tubular package 200, e.g. greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 50% or greater than 75%. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the entire portion of the inlay zone 230 is within the diameter of the tubular package 200.

[0069] The distance between the fastening zone 226 and the inlay zone 230 on the substrate 220 may be selected to achieve both mechanical stability and improved readability. This distance may be adjusted based on considerations including, but not limited to, the size, shape, and material of the fastener, the distribution of mechanical stresses imparted to the radio frequency identification tag 202 during attachment and subsequent handling, and the effect of fastener proximity on the20LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076antenna’s radiation pattern and impedance characteristics. By appropriately spacing the inlay zone 230 from the fastening zone 226, stress transmission to the antenna and associated circuitry may be reduced, and electromagnetic interference or detuning effects associated with the fastener may be mitigated.

[0070] Preferably, the antenna 236 may be disposed within the inlay zone 230 on the first surface 222 of the substrate 220. The radio frequency identification tag 202 may comprise an antenna 236 and integrated circuit chip 238 and as described further herein. In general, an antenna 236 may include devices that are used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals in an RFID system. In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag 202 may incorporate antenna designs that are configured for efficient operation across a range of dielectric conditions. Suitable antenna configurations may include, but are not limited to, dipole antennas, T-match antennas, reversed T-match antennas, impedance-matching loop antennas, slot antennas, or combinations thereof. Such antenna designs may further incorporate features such as non-meandering or selectively meandering antenna paths, impedance-matching structures, tailored antenna geometries, radiation-pattern shaping, or combinations of these techniques. In operation, the antenna 236 may be configured such that the radio frequency identification tag 202 exhibits adaptable or robust readability characteristics — including sensitivity, backscatter efficiency, and radiation pattern stability — when exposed to complex dielectric loading from the packaged product and conductive influences from nearby fasteners.

[0071] In some embodiments, the materials used for the antenna 236 may provide the structural support for the inlay zone 230.

[0072] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may comprise a loop or ring shape (not shown in the figures) outside the fastening aperture 232 and extending toward one edge of the substrate. This design may help maximize the antenna's effective area within the dimension constraints.

[0073] In some embodiments, a geometry of the antenna 236 may be configured such that the antenna 236 is disposed substantially within the diameter of the tubular package 200, thereby enabling substantially consistent read performance across multiple orientations of the tubular package 200. Constraining the antenna 236 within the diameter of the tubular package 200 may increase the likelihood that the antenna maintains its intended physical geometry and21LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076electromagnetic characteristics, even if peripheral portions of the substrate or radio frequency identification tag extend beyond the package diameter. By maintaining the radiating elements within a defined and controlled spatial envelope, variability in antenna performance caused by bending, deformation, or proximity to surrounding objects may be reduced.

[0074] In some embodiments, positioning the antenna 236 at an end of the tubular package 200 and within the diameter of the tubular package 200 may further minimize mechanical strain or distortion of the antenna structure that could otherwise result from conforming to the curved outer surface of the tubular package 200. This configuration may help preserve antenna resonant frequency, impedance matching, and radiation pattern characteristics, thereby contributing to more consistent read rates and improved system reliability across different package orientations, handling conditions, and stacked configurations. This configuration may also help preserve the antenna’ s performance when the retail environment includes a metal shelving or casing. In certain embodiments, the antenna geometry may be configured to produce a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern, further enhancing read performance regardless of the orientation of the tubular package 200 relative to a reader device.

[0075] In some implementations, the antenna geometry may be asymmetric, with a larger portion of the antenna positioned on the side opposite the fastener. This asymmetric design may help compensate for any potential interference or detuning effects caused by the proximity of the metal clip, potentially improving overall read performance.

[0076] In some aspects, the radio frequency identification tag 202 may incorporate an impedancematching network positioned between the antenna and another edge of the substrate. This matching network may be designed to compensate for the proximity of the fastener, helping to maintain optimal impedance matching between the antenna and the RFID chip even in the presence of a fastener such as a metal clip.

[0077] For example, the antenna design may include a high-impedance section adjacent to one edge of the substrate to reduce coupling with the fastener, and in particular a metal clip. This high-impedance section may act as a choke, limiting the flow of induced currents from the metal clip into the antenna structure and thereby minimizing its impact on the performance of the radio frequency identification tag 202.22LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0078] In some implementations, the antenna 236 may have a geometry that includes a null point aligned with the expected position of the fastener to minimize interference. This null point may be created through careful design of the antenna's current distribution, effectively reducing the antenna's sensitivity in the area most likely to be affected by the metal clip.

[0079] The radio frequency identification tag 202 may incorporate a series of small, nonconnected conductive elements between the antenna and another edge of the substrate. These elements may be configured to create a band-gap structure to isolate the antenna from the metal clip. This band-gap structure may effectively filter out unwanted electromagnetic coupling between the clip and the antenna, potentially improving the tag's read performance.

[0080] In some aspects, the substrate 220 may include a thickened or reinforced section between the antenna 236 and the one edge to maintain a minimum separation distance from the fastener, in particular a metal clip. This thickened section may be part of the neck zone 228. A thickened section may provide mechanical support while also serving to distance the antenna from the potentially interfering metal clip, potentially improving both the durability and performance of the radio frequency identification tag 202.

[0081] In some embodiments, the fastening aperture of the radio frequency identification tag 202 may be shaped to mate with a corresponding protrusion on the fastener, in particular a metal clip. This complementary shaping may ensure a specific alignment between the radio frequency identification tag 202 and the metal clip during attachment. In some embodiments, the fastening aperture may include one or more notches, indentations, or asymmetric features that correspond to matching protrusions or shapes on the metal clip. This mating configuration may help guide the proper positioning of the radio frequency identification tag 202 relative to the metal clip and the chub package end, potentially improving the consistency and reliability of the attachment process.

[0082] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may be tuned to compensate for detuning effects caused by the fastening aperture and proximity to the contents of the tubular package 200.

[0083] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may have a geometry that includes meandering lines to maximize the electrical length within the confined space, contributing to a read rate suitable for commercial use, such as up to 80% or above, and more preferably up to 95% or above. The23LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076reader may be a mobile reader, such as a hand-held reader, point of sale reader, such as a checkout scanner, or may be a fixed location reader, such as the ceiling or doorway.

[0084] In some embodiments, the antenna design may incorporate environmental compensation features that maintain performance across a range of temperatures typically encountered in meat processing and storage.

[0085] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may have a geometry that utilizes fractal patterns to maximize the effective electrical length within the confined circular shape of the tubular package 200.

[0086] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may be designed to produce a toroidal radiation pattern, which may improve read performance regardless of the orientation of the tubular package 200.

[0087] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may incorporate broadband design techniques to maintain high read rates across the entire UHF RFID frequency band.

[0088] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may incorporate a dual-resonance structure to broaden the frequency response and improve read rates in variable environments.

[0089] In some embodiments, the antenna 236 may have a shielding layer or spacer layer to further enhance the readability when near a high dielectric material contained within the tubular package.

[0090] In some embodiments, an integrated circuit chip 238 may be electrically connected to the antenna 236. The integrated circuit chip 238 may be attached directly to conductive antenna terminals, to a strap, or via other known interconnection structures. Although not shown, the inlay zone 230 may comprise one or more straps, interposers, or coupling structures for connecting a portion of the antenna 236 to the integrated circuit chip 238. It will be appreciated that a variety of strap configurations are available for coupling the integrated circuit chip 238 to the antenna 236. Examples include a strap available from Alien Technologies, and the strap marketed under the name I-CONNECT, available from Philips Electronics. The strap may be formed from a flexible carrier material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, polyolefins, polycarbonate, polysulfone, or other electrically insulating materials suitable for supporting conductive leads and maintaining reliable electrical connections under mechanical stress, moisture24LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076exposure, and temperature variations encountered in meat-processing and distribution environments.

[0091] Integrated circuits or chips can form, for example, a sensor or a transmission-reception device, have a data or memory processing capacity and other functions. Integrated circuits or chips typically have a planar structure (whose overall shape is usually that of a small plate), include one or more semiconductor materials (as well as other materials, in particular, metallic materials and / or electrically insulating oxides). Such integrated circuit chips may integrate a variety of active and passive components, including, for example, transistors, diodes, resistors, and conductive or radiating structures. In some embodiments, information stored in the integrated circuit chip may include item identification data, item tracking or locating data, authentication information, or other item-related indicia, thereby enabling functions such as product identification, inventory management, traceability, or status indication throughout processing, distribution, and retail handling of the tubular package.

[0092] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag 202 may comprise or be selected from an ultra-high frequency (UHF) device, a near field communication (NFC) device, a Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) device, a long-term evolution (LTE) device, or an electronic article surveillance (EAS) device. In certain embodiments, the wireless identification device may be a UHF RFID device, including passive UHF RFID devices operable over a frequency range of approximately 860 MHz to 960 MHz or more preferably approximately 865 MHz to 928 MHz, which may provide relatively long read distances suitable for supply-chain and inventory applications. In other embodiments, the wireless identification device may comprise an NFC device, which may be a passive device configured for short-range communication, for example using an NFC-enabled smartphone or tablet, and may have a read range typically on the order of a few centimeters. In still other embodiments, the wireless identification device may comprise a BLE device operable within Bluetooth® frequency bands of approximately 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz, which may provide extended communication ranges, such as on the order of tens of meters or more, depending on configuration. In further embodiments, the wireless identification device may comprise an LTE-based device configured for communication over cellular networks using frequencies ranging from approximately 450 MHz to 3.8 GHz. Selection of a particular wireless25LEG ALU 133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076identification technology may be based on factors including desired read range, power requirements, data capacity, infrastructure compatibility, and suitability for use with tubular packages containing high-dielectric food products.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 2A, a geometry of the inlay zone 230 may be structured to position the antenna 236 within the diameter of the tubular package 200. By placing the antenna within the diameter, this may enable substantially consistent read performance during the handling of the tubular package. Constraining the antenna 236 within the diameter of the tubular package 200 may increase the probability that the antenna maintains its intended physical geometry and electromagnetic characteristics, even when peripheral portions of the substrate or RFID tag extend beyond the package diameter. This arrangement may ensure that the primary radiating elements remain within a defined and controlled spatial envelope, thereby reducing variability in antenna performance caused by deformation, proximity effects, or external interference.

[0094] In some embodiments, attachment of the antenna 236 to an end of the tubular package 200 while remaining within the package diameter may further minimize mechanical strain or distortion of the antenna 236 or the inlay zone 230 that could otherwise result from conforming to the curved outer surface of the tubular package 200. By preserving antenna resonant frequency, impedance matching, and radiation-pattern characteristics within design parameters, this configuration may contribute to more consistent read rates and improved system reliability across a range of package orientations and stacked configurations. In certain embodiments, the antenna geometry may be configured to produce a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern, thereby supporting reliable RFID interrogation regardless of the orientation of the tubular package 200.

[0095] In one exemplary embodiment, the substrate 220 with the fastening zone 226 is configured for attachment to the end of the tubular package 200. The radio frequency identification tag 202 includes an inlay zone 230 disposed on the substrate 220. The inlay zone 230 includes an antenna 236 disposed on the substrate 220 at a location substantially outside of the fastening zone 226 and within the diameter of the tubular package 200.

[0096] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may comprise tapered ends (not shown) to facilitate insertion into the metal clips during the attachment process.26LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0097] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may further include a clamp zone 240, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. The clamp zone 240 may comprise a peripheral region of the substrate 220 that does not include any portion of the antenna 236 or the integrated circuit chip 238. Generally, the clamp zone 240 may be formed as an extension of the substrate 220 and may be configured to be removable after the attachment process is completed. In some embodiments, a perforated edge 242 or other weakened separation feature may be provided to facilitate removal of the clamp zone 240 following attachment of the radio frequency identification tag 202 to the tubular package 200.

[0098] The clamp zone 240 may serve as a temporary handling or holding region that enables precise positioning, gripping, and control of the radio frequency identification tag 202 during automated or manual attachment to the tubular package 200. In some embodiments, the clamp zone 240 may be configured with dimensions, shapes, or features adapted to interface with gripping, clamping, or registration mechanisms of tagging equipment, thereby promoting accurate, repeatable placement of the RFID tag 202. Because the clamp zone 240 does not include antenna or chip components, attachment forces may be applied without risk of damaging the antenna 236 or integrated circuit chip 238. The clamp zone 240 is optional and may be positioned adjacent to the inlay zone 230. In addition, the clamp zone 240 may extend beyond the diameter or outer profile of the tubular package 200 and, accordingly, is not constrained by the dimensional limits of the tubular package once removed after attachment.

[0099] In some embodiments, the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag 202 may incorporate a clamp zone 240 positioned adjacent to the fastening zone 226, as illustrated in FIG. 2D. When located adjacent to the fastening zone 226, the clamp zone 240 may provide improved control for positioning, aligning, and handling the RFID tag 202 during attachment to the tubular package 200. Once the RFID tag 202 has been properly positioned and secured to the tubular package 200, the clamp zone 240 may be removed and discarded. In such embodiments, the neck zone 228 and the inlay zone 230 may be disposed on an opposite side of the fastening zone 226 relative to the clamp zone 240, thereby allowing attachment forces to be applied through the clamp zone 240 without transmitting stress to the antenna 236 or the integrated circuit chip 238. This configuration may facilitate accurate placement while preserving the mechanical integrity and radio-frequency performance of the RFID tag 202.27LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0100] In some embodiments, one or both ends of the substrate 220 may be configured with reinforced areas designed to interface with fasteners. The reinforced areas at both ends of the substrate 220 may include pre-formed indentations shaped to receive and align with the fasteners.

[0101] FIG. 2E illustrates an embodiment in which the inlay zone 230 may extend along the diameter of the tubular package 200. By providing an enlarged inlay zone 230 the antenna 236 that may be used may also be larger. The fastening zone 226 may be near the midsection of the inlay zone 230. As shown in FIG. 2E, the aperture 232 may be a semi-circular that is enclosed by band 234. The neck zone 228 may be positioned between the fastening zone 226 and inlay zone 230.

[0102] In some embodiments, the substrate 220 may include a printable area, where productspecific information or visible indicia can be displayed. In one embodiment, the printable area may be on the second surface 224 of the substrate 220. Additionally, printable area may be placed on the first surface 220 and may be placed outside of the inlay zone 230. This information may include human-readable data such as product name, expiration date, lot number, or a unique identifier corresponding to the RFID data. The visible indicia may also include, but not limited to, a barcode or QR code of product identification.

[0103] Radio frequency identification tags may be implemented in a variety of designs and configurations to achieve improved readability and mechanical robustness when attached to tubular packages. Although a generally straight, flag-type configuration is illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2D, other configurations and form factors may be used in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein. The illustrated configurations are intended to be exemplary only and not limiting, and additional radio frequency identification tag geometries, attachment arrangements, and structural variations are contemplated within the scope of the present disclosure. For purposes of clarity and convenience, certain details of the radio frequency identification tag — such as specific antenna geometries and integrated circuit chip layouts — are not shown. It should be understood that the inlay zone may incorporate any of a number of suitable antenna designs and layouts capable of providing the functional advantages described herein, including improved read performance, durability, and tolerance to high-dielectric and mechanically demanding environments.28LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0104] FIG. 3 provides radio frequency identification tag 302 with a substrate 320 having a curved edge 350 in the shape of a semi-circle and two opposing edges 352 and 354. The edges of the substrate 320 may be within the diameter of the tubular package 300. The substrate 320 geometry shown in FIG. 3 provides a large area for the inlay zone 330. In some embodiments, the inlay zone 330 may surround the aperture 332 on opposing sides. To increase the area for the inlay zone 330, the neck zone 328 may be reduced. A clamp zone 340 may be provided along one side of the substrate 320. The clamp zone 340 may be removed once the radio frequency identification tag 302 is attached to the tubular package. In some embodiments, a portion of the clamp zone 340 may be removed near the aperture 332 for attaching the radio frequency identification tag 302 to the end or fastener of the tubular package 300.

[0105] Another example of an inlay zone 430 having an enlarged area is shown in FIGS. 4A-4C. Referring to FIG. 4A, a radio frequency identification tag 402 comprises a substrate 420 with a fastening aperture 432 configured for attachment to an end of a tubular package. As described herein a fastener may be used to secure the radio frequency identification tag 402 to the end of the tubular package through the fastening aperture 432. A band 434 surrounds the fastening aperture 432. For purposes of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4A-4C the inlay zone 430 may be adjacent to the fastening zone 426 without an intervening neck zone. Further, the inlay zone 430 for the antenna may be disposed on the substrate 420 in a location that is substantially outside the fastening aperture 432 and within the diameter of the tubular package.

[0106] In some embodiments, a shape of the inlay zone 430, as illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4C, may be rounded, such as having a generally circular or oval geometry. An enlarged or rounded inlay zone 430 may permit incorporation of a longer or more electrically efficient antenna geometry within the radio frequency identification ) tag 402, which may increase read range, sensitivity, or robustness while remaining within the diameter constraints of the tubular package. In certain embodiments, an oval shape of the inlay zone 430 may facilitate antenna configurations that provide improved polarization diversity, thereby enhancing read reliability across a range of tag orientations. In addition, rounded or oval antenna geometries may reduce or redistribute radiation nulls, contributing to a more uniform radiation pattern and more consistent read performance during handling, transport, and stacked storage of the tubular packages.29LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076

[0107] FIG. 4B provides an illustration of a radio frequency identification tag 402 having a clamping zone 440 adjacent to the inlay zone 430 and opposite to the fastening zone 426. The clamping zone 440 may facilitate the attachment process with tagging equipment. In some embodiments, the clamping zone 440 may be removed once the radio frequency identification tag 402 is attached to the tubular package. The clamping zone 440 may have a different shape from the substrate 420 and / or the inlay zone 430.

[0108] FIG. 4C provides an illustration of a radio frequency identification tag 402 having an inlay zone 430 that surrounds the fastening zone. Accordingly the aperture 432 may be placed within the antenna that is positioned within the inlay zone 430. To attach the band 434 to the fastener to seal the tubular package, there may be provided a secondary aperture 444. In some embodiments, the fastener may puncture through the fastening zone to grab sufficient material of the substrate 420 for holding the radio frequency identification tag 402 with the tubular package.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 5, there is provided an inlay zone 530 that is enlarged by removing the neck zone. The distance between the inlay zone and aperture 532 is less than the width of the band 534. This position maintains the inlay zone 530, and in particular the antenna, in a location that is substantially outside the fastening zone 526. In one embodiment, a first portion 560 of the inlay zone 530 may be disposed on the substrate 520 and within the diameter of the tubular package, even if a second portion 562 of the inlay zone 530 the substrate 520 extends beyond the diameter of the tubular package. In this embodiment, both portions of the inlay zone 530 form a rectangular shape, which may allow different antenna designs to fit within the inlay area 530.

[0110] In some embodiments, a method is provided for tagging a tubular package with a radio frequency identification tag. The method may include attaching the radio frequency identification tag to an end portion of an unfilled tubular package or a fastener configured to seal the end of the tubular package. In other embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be attached to the tubular package after the package has been partially or fully filled with a product and prior to final sealing. In still further embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be attached to the tubular package after the tubular package has been filled and sealed. The radio frequency identification tag may be affixed directly or indirectly to the tubular package, including by attachment to a fastener or an intermediate component coupled thereto. In each of these30LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag is positioned and attached at a stage of the packaging process that avoids interference with product filling, sealing operations, or package integrity, while enabling reliable identification, tracking, and / or authentication of the tubular package throughout manufacture, distribution, and use.

[0111] Preferably, the method of tagging the tubular package is performed without subjecting the radio frequency identification tag to processes that could damage the antenna or integrated circuit chip. In some embodiments, potential damage to the radio frequency identification tag may be avoided by using a clamp zone to temporarily hold, position, and manipulate the radio frequency identification tag during the attachment process. The clamp zone may be configured to receive gripping or clamping forces from tagging equipment, thereby isolating the antenna and integrated circuit chip from mechanical stress during fastening. Once the radio frequency identification tag has been securely attached to the tubular package or associated fastener, the clamp zone may be removed and discarded, leaving the functional portions of the radio frequency identification tag intact and operable.

[0112] In some embodiments, the tagging methods may comprise several steps that enable efficient and reliable tagging of tubular packages with the radio frequency identification tag. The process may be operated continuously at high volumes to load perishable products into the tubular package. The method may use a machine that is automatically controlled and monitored so as to minimize manual setting or adjustment of the various operating components either on start-up of a run, during the course of a run, or on change-over for packaging a different product.

[0113] One exemplary method 600 is illustrated in FIG. 6, and it should be understood that additional, fewer, or alternative steps may be included depending on the type of tubular package, fastener, or configuration of the radio frequency identification tag. In some embodiments, the tubular package may be formed from a flexible web that is folded and sealed to define a tubular shape. In step 602, an open fastener may be positioned within or through a fastening aperture of a substrate of the radio frequency identification tag. In step 604, the combination of the open fastener and the radio frequency identification tag may be positioned at a first end of an unfilled tubular package. In certain embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may include a clamp zone31LEGAL\1133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076that facilitates accurate positioning, handling, and retention of the radio frequency identification tag during steps 602 and 604.

[0114] To secure the radio frequency identification tag and fastener to the tubular package, the fastener may be closed in step 606 at the first end of the tubular package. The manner in which the fastener is closed may depend on the fastener type; for example, when the fastener comprises a metal clip, a crimping mechanism may be used to deform and close the clip to form a sealed end. In some embodiments, closure of the fastener in step 606 results in a substantially sealed termination of the tubular package. Following attachment of the radio frequency identification tag, the tubular package may be filled with a product in step 608, for example by vertically dispensing the product using a hopper or horizontal pumping. In some embodiments, an oxygen-deficient atmosphere or inert gas may be introduced into the tubular package prior to or during filling, which may be particularly advantageous for ground meat products to reduce oxygen exposure and extend shelf life. After filling, an opposing end of the tubular package may be sealed to complete formation of the packaged product in step 610.

[0115] It should be understood that in some embodiments the method may be reversed and the product and one end may be sealed in step 610, then filled in step 608 prior to attaching the radio frequency identification tag in steps 602, 604, and 606.

[0116] The method 600 may further include a step of removing the clamp zone in step 612. In some embodiments, removal of the clamp zone may be performed after both ends of the tubular package have been sealed, thereby allowing the clamp zone to remain available for repositioning, alignment adjustment, or handling of the radio frequency identification tag during intermediate stages of the packaging process. In other embodiments, the clamp zone may be removed immediately after the radio frequency identification tag has been secured to the tubular package or associated fastener. In still further embodiments, the radio frequency identification tag may be formed without a clamp zone, in which case step 612 may be omitted entirely. These variations allow the tagging method to be adapted to different packaging equipment, process sequences, and handling requirements without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0117] In one embodiment, the method may comprise a step for placing a radio frequency identification tag proximate to an end of the tubular package. The radio frequency identification32LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076tag may include the substrate with the fastening aperture configured for attachment to the end of the tubular package. When attached, the antenna may be disposed on the substrate in a location that is substantially outside the fastening aperture and within the diameter of the tubular package. The radio frequency identification tag may also include a radio frequency identification integrated circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna. The method may further comprise a step for attaching the fastening aperture of the radio frequency identification tag to the end of the tubular package using the fastener. This attachment step may secure the radio frequency identification tag in place, allowing for reliable tracking and identification of the tubular package. In some embodiments, the attachment step for the radio frequency identification tag to the tubular package may utilize a crimping mechanism.

[0118] The placement of the antenna on the substrate, substantially outside the fastening aperture and within the diameter of the tubular package, may allow for improved RFID performance and in particular readability. This configuration may help to minimize interference from the fastener or the contents of the tubular package, contributing to improved read reliability and range.

[0119] In some implementations, the method may include additional steps to ensure proper alignment and orientation of the radio frequency identification tag on the tubular package. These steps may involve aligning specific features of the radio frequency identification tag with corresponding features on the package end, or using visual guides to ensure consistent placement across multiple packages.

[0120] The method may also incorporate steps to verify the functionality of the radio frequency identification tag after attachment. This may include performing a read test to ensure that the tag is responding correctly and that its performance has not been compromised by the attachment process or the proximity to the package contents.

[0121] In some implementations, the method may be adapted for automated or semi-automated application, potentially increasing efficiency in high-volume packaging operations. This may involve the use of specialized equipment designed to precisely place and secure the radio frequency identification tags to the tubular packages in a consistent manner.

[0122] In some implementations, the method may include designing the radio frequency identification tag to maintain performance when stacked in various configurations with other33LEG ALU 1335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076similarly tagged tubular packages. This may involve improving the antenna geometry to produce a radiation pattern that enables consistent read performance across multiple orientations of the tubular package.

[0123] In some implementations, the method may comprise a step for configuring the metal clip to maintain a predetermined distance between the antenna and the contents of the tubular package to reduce RF interference. In particular, the metal clip may be configured to maintain the antenna or inlay zone in free space that is not in contact with the surface of the tubular package.Examples

[0124] The following examples are provided solely to illustrate the present disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, described herein.

[0125] Several radio frequency identification tags were constructed using a polypropylene substrate and commercially available antennas, each available from Avery Dennison. Antenna Al is commercially available as Burst M830. Antenna A2 is commercially available as Dynamo U9. Antenna A3 is commercially available as Accessory M730. Antenna A4 is commercially available as Bling M730. The radio frequency identification tags were attached to a 450 gram tubular package containing a mixture of pork and chicken containing 4% fat. The tubular package had a diameter of about 57 to 60 mm. Table 1 reports the sensitivity (dBm) and read range (m) using the protocols of ISO 18000.C6. The tubular package was placed in a Voyantic chamber having a top and side read antennas. The read range was reported for the side antenna. Two different frequencies were text: 866 MHz (ETSI) and 915 MHz (FCC). For the inventive examples 1-4, the radio frequency identification tag was placed adjacent the metal clip fastener on the side opposite the tubular package. For the comparative examples A-D, the radio frequency identification tags were placed directly against the curved surface of the tubular package.Table 1866 MHz 915 MHz Sensitivity SensitivityExample Antenna (dBm) Read Range (m) (dBm) Read Range (m) 1 Al -19 14.2 -18.5 12.5 2 A2 -3 2.15 -11.5 5.55 3 A3 -9 4.45 -11 5.25 4 A4 1.5 1.3 6.25 3.0534LEGAL\113359495\1AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076A AlB A2 9.3 0.55 7.5 0.63 C A3D A4 -- -- -- --

[0126] Inventive examples 1-4 demonstrate that antennas that function poorly when placed adjacent to the tubular package as shown in Comparative Examples A-D can be improved by placing the radio frequency identification tags in free space. Note that results for Comparative Examples A, C, and D could not be measured due to poor performance. Inventive examples 1-4 show good read range that is effective for operating in commercial retail settings.

[0127] These and other features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the present subject matter will be better understood with reference to the below stated description and appended claims. These definitions are provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. These definitions are not intended to identify key features or essential features or keywords of the claimed or disclosed subject matter, nor are they intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0128] Modifications to embodiments of the present subject matter described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present subject matter as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, “is” used to describe and claim the present subject matter are intended to be construed in a nonexclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural.35LEG ALU 1335949511

Claims

AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 28076CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A radio frequency identification tag for a tubular package comprising:a substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the substrate comprising:a fastening zone having an aperture that passes from the first surface to the second surface, and a band that surrounds the aperture;a neck zone adjacent to the fastening zone and connected to the band, wherein the neck zone is configured to bend when the band and / or fastening aperture is attached to an end of the tubular package;an inlay zone separated from the fastening zone by the neck zone; and an antenna disposed within the inlay zone on the first surface of the substrate and an integrated circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna, wherein the second surface of the inlay zone maintains an air gap with the tubular package.

2. The radio frequency identification tag of claim 1, wherein the aperture is configured to accommodate a fastener for attaching the radio frequency identification tag to the tubular package.

3. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the substrate comprises polyolefins, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, paper or metal foil layers.

4. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the antenna maintains a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.

5. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the inlay zone has a substantially circular or oval shape.36LEG ALM 133594954AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 280766. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1 -5, wherein the inlay zone has an area that is greater than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the tubular package.

7. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the inlay zone positions the antenna at a location substantially within the diameter of the tubular package.

8. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a protective layer over the substrate, with the aperture extending through both the substrate and the protective layer.

9. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the neck zone is flexible.

10. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the neck zone has a width that is greater than or equal to the maximum width of the band.

11. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the substrate comprises at least one clamping zone.

12. The radio frequency identification tag any one of claims 1-11, wherein the air gap has a minimum distance of at least 0.2 mm.

13. A radio frequency identification tag for a tubular package comprising:a substrate with a fastening aperture configured for attachment to a tubular package; and an inlay zone disposed on the substrate, the inlay zone including:an antenna disposed on the substrate at a location substantially outside of the fastening aperture and within the diameter of the tubular package; andan integrated circuit chip electrically connected to the antenna.37LEG AL\11335949511AD Ref: 7787-WO; BF REF 2807614. The radio frequency identification tag of claim 13, wherein the diameter of the tubular package is from 10 mm to about 160 mm.

15. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the aperture is configured to accommodate a fastener for attaching the radio frequency identification tag to the tubular package.

16. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the substrate has tapered ends to facilitate insertion into the fastener during the attachment process.

17. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the substrate comprises polyolefins, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, paper or metal foil layers.

18. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the antenna maintains a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern.

19. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the inlay zone has a substantially circular shape.

20. The radio frequency identification tag of any one of claims 13-19, wherein the inlay zone has an area that is greater than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the tubular package.38LEG ALU 1335949511

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