Laser-formed TGVs plus resin sealing and etching flatten and protect glass core surfaces to improve strength and reliability.
Thicker plated connection portions and thinner overlapping circuit areas keep conductor layers separated to reduce short-circuit risk.
Pre-anneal laser drilling and organic-member arraying improve ceramic substrate throughput by cutting time and blade wear.
CO2 laser drilling plus chemical desmear forms PCB vias from both sides, avoiding warping, fracture, residue buildup, and copper foil damage.