Two opposing diaphragms and a piezoelectric detector improve low-to-high vacuum measurement while reducing temperature and gas-species error.
A double-plasma cold cathode gauge measures residual vacuum near the substrate, improving leak detection and reducing gauge maintenance in thin-film lines.
A layered optical-electrical vacuum feedthrough enables compact, durable DBD plasma sensors with stable discharge measurement across wide pressure ranges.
Plasma current becomes ambiguous at higher vacuum pressures, so this case adds two emission-line intensity signals for wider, precise sensing.
A concave-convex through-hole structure in the gauge cartridge suppresses particle film buildup and maintains discharge inducing performance.
A replaceable cartridge and wave passage boost photoelectron emission and sustain ionization gauge discharge despite electrode deposition.