COMPOSIÇÃO PARA SAÚDE VISUAL COMPREENDENDO AREDS E COMPLEXO DE VITAMINA B, E USOS DA MESMA

Description

1 / 66 Composition for visual health comprising AREDS and Vitamin B complex, and uses thereof. Separated from BR112022018113-2, filed on March 10, 2021.

[0001] Compositions and methods are disclosed in this document for treating and / or preventing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity, including, for example, age-related macular degeneration. In some embodiments, compositions comprising vitamin C, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing are disclosed in this document; vitamin E, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; zinc, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; copper, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above;Vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; Vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; Vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; Vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; Vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above; Vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above. In some embodiments, the composition additionally comprises lutein, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 8 / 210 2 / 66 acceptable form of any of the above; and / or zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the above.

[0002] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 350 mg to 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; 50 mg to 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; 20 mg to 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug; 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug;1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; 1 mg to 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 9 / 210 3 / 66 of a vitamin B3 prodrug; 1 mg to 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; 25 mg to 200 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; 1 mg to 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug;and 0.25 mg to 3.0 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

[0003] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein; 2.0 mg of zeaxanthin; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0004] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 10 / 210 4 / 66 zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein R'R; 2.0 mg of R'R' zeaxanthin; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0005] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein R'R; 2.0 mg of R'R' zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0006] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein R'R; 2.0 mg of R'R' zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0007] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 11 / 210 5 / 66 of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein R'R; 2.0 mg of R'R' zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0008] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of lutein R'R; 2.0 mg of R'R' zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0009] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising about 350 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; about 200 mg to about 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; about 20 mg to about 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug; about 5 mg to about 50 mg Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 12 / 210 6 / 66 of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; about 1 mg to about 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug;approximately 1.0 mg to approximately 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; approximately 1.0 mg to approximately 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; approximately 25 mg to approximately 200 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; approximately 0.01 mg to approximately 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug;approximately 1 mg to approximately 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and approximately 0.25 mg to approximately 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a salt; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 13 / 210 7 / 66 pharmaceutically acceptable, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

[0010] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 1.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0011] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 1.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0012] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 14 / 210 8 / 66 of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0013] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0014] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 15 / 210 9 / 66

[0015] Also disclosed in this document are compositions comprising approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of lutein; approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0016] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual acuity loss in the United States and Western Europe in people aged 55 and older. An estimated 1.75 million individuals in the United States have advanced AMD, which accounts for the majority of cases of severe vision loss. An additional 7.3 million people have early-onset AMD, which is usually associated with little or no vision loss but increases the risk of developing AMD. It is associated with a collection of clinically recognizable ocular findings that can lead to blindness. These findings include drusen, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) disorder, including clumping and / or dropping of pigment, RPE detachment, geographic atrophy, subretinal neovascularization, and disciform scarring. Not all of these manifestations are necessary for AMD to be considered present.

[0017] Compositions for eye health are disclosed in this document, for example, to prevent or treat macular degeneration. In some forms, the compositions disclosed in this document Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 16 / 210 10 / 66 are nutritional or dietary supplement compositions. In some embodiments, the compositions are pharmaceutical compositions. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed in this document may strengthen and / or promote retinal health, for example, by stabilizing and / or treating visual acuity loss in people with specific eye diseases, disorders, and / or conditions. In some embodiments, the disclosure refers to antioxidant nutritional supplements comprising a potent vitamin B complex. In some embodiments, administration of the compositions may decrease visual acuity loss, for example, by reducing the risk of developing advanced or advanced age-related macular degeneration in patients.

[0018] Methods for the treatment and / or prevention of at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with loss of visual acuity are also disclosed in this document, the method comprising administering to an individual in need of a composition as disclosed in this document. In some embodiments, at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity is chosen from among macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal pigment epithelium atrophy (RPE), atrophy of at least one photoreceptor, drusen, drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPE), diabetic retinopathy, cataract, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, choroidal neovascularization, retinal degeneration and oxygen-induced retinopathy.

[0019] This document also discloses methods for regression of drusen and / or epithelial drusenoid pigment detachment (EDD), methods for treating and / or preventing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy and / or at least one photoreceptor, and methods for treating and / or preventing vision loss and / or improving Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 17 / 210 11 / 66 accuracy. The methods involve administering a composition to an individual in need, as disclosed in this document.

[0020] The vitamin B complex is a group of B vitamin substances that are essential for the functioning of certain enzymes in the body and, although not chemically related, they are generally found together in the same foods. Mechanistically, various types of vitamin B have been characterized as compounds that facilitate cellular metabolism or important chemical pathways to ensure cellular health. Many of these mechanisms are related to intertwined biological pathways. Vitamin B levels may also be related to overall neural / brain health, as many of them are involved in neural transmitter networks and cellular protection.

[0021] All of these compounds are classified as vitamins because they are nutrients that the body does not manufacture on its own, but are necessary for healthy function and need to be consumed in food or supplemented. For the most part, a diet containing vegetables, meat, and grains generally provides sufficient amounts to avoid a deficiency. Some have postulated that low systemic levels of vitamin B could lead to an unfavorable metabolic environment, for example, higher levels of homocysteine ​​(a marker of inflammation), which may lead to an increased risk of disease, such as cardiovascular disease.

[0022] The literature suggests that vitamin B supplementation may help alleviate poor cellular metabolism that leads to disease states / deficiencies. However, it is difficult to obtain long-term clinical evidence to support what levels of vitamin B need to be supplemented.

[0023] The National Eye Institute (NEI) funded a study for Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 18 / 210 12 / 66 to evaluate the effect of potent doses of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl at 50 mg / day), vitamin B9 (folic acid at 2.5 mg / day), and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin at 1 mg / day) on the progression of macular degeneration in women with cardiovascular disease. The results of this study suggest that these vitamins may help alleviate or slow the progression of macular degeneration in this patient population, but further study is needed to confirm this. Further clinical evaluation is also needed to assess the effect of vitamin B supplementation in a larger population, i.e., men and women with AMD without cardiovascular problems, and the effect of other B vitamins.

[0024] Compositions and methods are provided for improving eye health and / or delaying the progression of macular degeneration, comprising potent vitamin B complexes, including vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing;and vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items.

[0025] Vitamin B1 is critical in cellular energy metabolic pathways, for example, in the neural metabolism of amino acids and Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 19 / 210 13 / 66 carbohydrates. Vitamin B2 works with other B vitamins to promote cell growth, produce red blood cells, and obtain energy from proteins. It is involved in mitochondrial energy production, is a precursor to flavoproteins (such as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) in energy transport. FAD is needed to convert retinol to retinoic acid and is required in fatty acid oxidation. Vitamin B2 is also vital in the production of red blood cells and exhibits antioxidant activity in reducing GSSG (oxidized glutathione) to GSH (reduced glutathione), which plays a role in reducing inflammation. Vitamin B3 has been shown to affect cardiovascular health, such as lowering cholesterol and improving blood flow.It is a precursor to NAD and NADH, increases nitric oxide production, helps maintain a healthier lipid profile with lower triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and is an immune system booster. Vitamin B5 plays a critical role in the production of Coenzyme A, a cofactor in key metabolic reactions that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids for energy. While generally ubiquitous and rarely deficient, it is important to ensure the molecule is present. Vitamin B6 is necessary for the manufacture of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Vitamin B7 is a cofactor in the production of critical enzymes used in metabolism, for example, in the metabolism of carboxylase enzymes. A vitamin B7 deficiency leads to conditions that increase the risk of inflammation, such as skin rash and acidosis. Vitamin B9 is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine ​​to methionine, DNA methylation, and carbon metabolism.It is also involved in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of stroke, based on meta-analyses. A folate deficiency inhibits cell division by limiting... Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 20 / 210 14 / 66 red blood cell production. It is also believed to have an effect on the adaptive immune response. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine ​​to methionine and is essential for the synthesis of red blood cells. Therefore, it is suggested that the combination of B vitamins promotes better eye health and reduces the progression of AMD.

[0026] In addition, combining the vitamin complex of this disclosure with other ingredients, such as AREDS ingredients like zinc, copper, lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, may also offer protection against macular degeneration. These ingredients are potent antioxidants that help protect cells, specifically retinal pigment endothelial (RPE) cells that make up the retina and are responsible for visual function. Thus, the vitamin B complex described in this disclosure in conjunction with AREDS vitamins will help ensure that RPE cells are not further damaged, or less stressed, when participants receive supplements containing the combination. This combination of B vitamins and AREDS nutrients should promote improved eye health and slower AMD progression.

[0027] Definitions of certain terms used in this application are provided below. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this document have the normal and common meaning that would be commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0028] As used in this document, a, an and the refer to one or more (that is, at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.

[0029] As used in this document, the administration of a daily quantity of a cited element or composition refers to the total quantity administered in a day, but is not limited to Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 21 / 210 15 / 66 Frequency of administration per day. The daily amount administered to a patient may be administered once or several times a day, such as twice a day or three times a day (wherein each of the multiple administrations comprises administering some amount of a cited element or composition that is less than the daily amount, given that the daily amount refers to the total amount administered in a day). Each administration of a cited element or composition may consist of administering the cited element or composition in the form of a single dose (e.g., such as a single tablet or a single capsule) or in the form of multiple doses (e.g., such as multiple (i.e., two or more) tablets and / or capsules).

[0030] As used in this document, the terms treat and treatment include the medical control of an individual's disease, disorder, and / or condition as would be understood by one skilled in the art (see, for example, Stedman's Medical Dictionary). In general, an appropriate dose and treatment regimen provide at least one of the compositions of this disclosure sufficient to provide therapeutic and / or prophylactic benefit. For therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventive measures, therapeutic and / or prophylactic benefit includes, for example, an improved clinical outcome, where the object is to prevent or delay or diminish an undesirable physiological change or disorder, or to prevent or delay or diminish the expansion or severity of such a disorder.As discussed in this document, beneficial or desired clinical outcomes of an individual's treatment include, but are not limited to, reduction, diminution, or relief of symptoms that result from or are associated with the disease, condition, and / or disorder being treated; decreased occurrence of symptoms; improved quality of life; longer symptom-free state (i.e., decreasing the likelihood or propensity of an individual to experience symptoms). Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 22 / 210 16 / 66 will present symptoms based on which a diagnosis of a disease is made); decrease in the extent of the disease, disorder, and / or condition; stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of the disease, disorder, and / or condition; delay or slowing of the progression of a disease, disorder, and / or condition; improvement or palliation of the state of a disease, disorder, and / or condition; and remission (partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable; and / or overall survival.

[0031] As used in this document, prevention of or preventing a disorder or condition refers to reducing or decreasing the occurrence of the disorder or condition in a treated sample relative to an untreated control sample and includes delaying the onset, progression, or reduction in the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder or condition relative to the untreated control sample.

[0032] As used in this document, the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt form of a compound wherein the salt is non-toxic and includes such salts derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, SM Berge, et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19. Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include chlorides, bromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfonates, methane sulfonates, formates, tartrates, maleates, succinates, malonates, citrates, benzoates, salicylates, and ascorbates. Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium (substituted and unsubstituted), calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts.Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from appropriate bases and include alkali metal salts. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 23 / 210 17 / 66 earthy, ammonium and N+(C1-4alkyl)4. This disclosure also provides for the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may, for example, be obtained using standard procedures well known in the field of pharmaceuticals. One skilled in the art will recognize that the stability and other properties of different pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the components mentioned herein may differ and will consider these differences when selecting suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

[0033] The terms patient, individual, person and the like, as used in this document, are interchangeable and refer to any animal, which may be a human or non-human animal.

[0034] As used in this document, age-related macular degeneration or AMD includes all forms of macular degeneration, including wet (exudative) and dry (atrophic) forms.

[0035] The term prodrug includes compounds that can be converted (e.g., under physiological conditions or by solvolysis) into a biologically active compound. Thus, the term prodrug includes metabolic precursors of compounds that are pharmaceutically acceptable. A discussion of prodrugs can be found, for example, in Higuchi, T., et al., Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987. The term prodrug also includes covalently linked carriers that release the active compounds, as described in this document, in vivo when such a prodrug is administered to an individual. Non-limiting examples of prodrugs include ester and amide derivatives of hydroxy, carboxy, mercapto, and amino functional groups in compounds Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 24 / 210 18 / 66 described in this document.

[0036] The term nutritional composition, as used in this document, includes a food product intended for human consumption.

[0037] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, when disclosed in this document, each range includes all possible subranges as well as individual numerical values ​​within that range. For example, a range of 1.0 to 5.0 includes and would be understood as specifically disclosing subranges such as 1.0 to 3.0, 1.5 to 3.7, 2.1 to 4.3, etc., as well as all individual numbers within the disclosed range, for example, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.

[0038] Compositions comprising a vitamin complex comprising are disclosed in this document: vitamin C, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin E, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; zinc, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; copper, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 25 / 210 19 / 66 vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; and optionally further comprising lutein, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; and / or zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above.

[0039] In some embodiments, vitamin C, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid. In some embodiments, vitamin E, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate and / or alpha-tocopherol. In some embodiments, zinc, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises zinc oxide and / or zinc gluconate. In some embodiments, copper, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises copper oxide and / or copper gluconate. In some embodiments, vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises thiamine.In some embodiments, vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises riboflavin. In some embodiments, vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 26 / 210 20 / 66 comprises nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises pyridoxine. In some embodiments, lutein, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises lutein (R'R'). In some embodiments, zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises zeaxanthin (R'R'). In some embodiments, vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises biotin.In some embodiments, vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate. In some embodiments, vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items comprises cyanocobalamin.

[0040] In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide, thiamine, copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate and cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition also comprises lutein and zeaxanthin.

[0041] In some embodiments, vitamin C, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises ascorbic acid. In some embodiments, the Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 27 / 210 21 / 66 vitamin C, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing is ascorbic acid. The US recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C in the form of ascorbic acid is 60 mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 60 mg to 850 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 100.0 mg to 800.0 mg, such as 150.0 mg to 800.0 mg, 250.0 mg to 800.0 mg, 250.0 mg to 750.0 mg, 500.0 mg to 775.0 mg, 600.0 mg to 750.0 mg, 500.0 mg or 750.0 mg, of ascorbic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid.In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 60 mg to about 850 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 100 mg to about 800 mg, such as about 150 mg to about 800 mg, about 250 mg to about 800 mg, about 250 mg to about 750 mg, about 500 mg to about 775 mg, about 600 mg to about 750 mg, about 500 mg, or about 750 mg of ascorbic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 500 mg of vitamin C. C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid.

[0042] In some forms, vitamin E, a prodrug of Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 28 / 21022 / 66 itself, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises alpha-tocopherol. In some embodiments, vitamin E, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing is dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate. The RDA for vitamin E is 15.0 mg. No adverse effects of vitamin E have been observed at levels as high as 800.0 mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 15.0 mg to 800 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 15.0 mg to 800.0 mg of vitamin E, such as 50.0 mg to 750.0 mg, 90.0 mg to 600.0 mg, 180.0 mg to 500.0 mg, 250.0 mg to 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg to 350.0 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 180 mg of vitamin E. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 15 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 15 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin E, such as about 50 mg to about 750 mg, about 90 mg to about 600 mg, about 180 mg to about 500 mg, about 250 mg to about 400 mg, about 300 mg to about 350 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 29 / 210 23 / 66

[0043] In some embodiments, zinc, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing comprises zinc oxide. In some embodiments, zinc, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing is zinc oxide. The RDA for zinc is approximately 15 mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 15 mg to 100 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of a zinc prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 15.0 mg to 100.0 mg, such as 40.0 mg to 95.0 mg, 50.0 mg to 90.0 mg, 60.0 mg to 85.0 mg, 70.0 mg to 80.0 mg, or 80.0 mg, zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 15 mg to about 100 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of a zinc prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 15 mg to about 100 mg, such as about 40 mg to about 95 mg, about 50 mg to about 90 mg, about 60 mg to about 85.0 mg, about 70 mg to about 80 mg, or about 80 mg, zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide.In some sports, the composition. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 30 / 210 24 / 66 contains approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide.

[0044] In some embodiments, copper, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing comprises copper oxide. In some embodiments, copper, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing is copper oxide. The RDA for copper is 2.0 mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.5 mg to 2.0 mg, such as 2.0 mg, of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide.In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.5 mg to about 2.0 mg, such as about 2.0 mg, of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide.

[0045] In some embodiments, vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises thiamine. In some embodiments, vitamin Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 31 / 210 25 / 66 Vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing is thiamine. Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin. The US Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B1 taken orally is 1.2 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women over 18 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 25 mg of vitamin B1 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug.In some formulations, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg, such as 0.5 mg to 20.0 mg, 1.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 1.5 mg to 10.0 mg, 1.1 mg to 4.5 mg, 1.2 mg to 3.5 mg, 1.2 mg to 2.5 mg, 1.2 mg to 1.8 mg, 1.5 mg, 2.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 2.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 2.5 mg to 10.0 mg, 2.5 mg to 3.5 mg, 2.6 mg to 3.4 mg, 2.8 mg to 3.2 mg, 3 mg, 3.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 10.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 5.0 mg, 3.2 mg to 4.8 mg, 3.4 mg to 4.6 mg or 4.5 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.5 mg of thiamine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 3.0 mg of thiamine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 4.5 mg of thiamine.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of vitamin B1 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 32 / 210 26 / 66 equivalent of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg, such as from about 0.5 mg to about 20 mg, from about 1 mg to about 15 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about 10 mg, from about 1.1 mg to about 4.5 mg, from about 1.2 mg to about 3.5 mg, from about 1.2 mg to about 2.5 mg, from about 1.2 mg to about 1.8 mg, from about 1.5 mg, from about 2 mg to about 20 mg, from about 2 mg to about 15 mg, from about 2.5 mg to about 10 mg, from about 2.5 mg to about 3.5 mg, from about 2.6 mg to about 3.4 mg, from about 2.8 mg to about 3.2 mg, from about 3 mg, from about 3 mg to about 20 mg. about 3 mg to about 15 mg, about 3 mg to about 10 mg, about 3 mg to about 5 mg, about 3.2 mg to about 4.8 mg, about 3.4 mg to about 4.6 mg or about 4.5 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug.In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 1.5 mg of thiamine. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 3 mg of thiamine. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine.

[0046] In some embodiments, vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises riboflavin. In some embodiments, vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above is riboflavin. Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin. The US Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B2 taken orally is 1.1 mg for men and 1.3 mg for women over 18 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a salt Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 33 / 210 27 / 66 pharmaceutically acceptable and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug. In some formulations, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg, such as 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 1.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 1.0 mg to 10.0 mg, 1.1 mg to 4.5 mg, 1.2 mg to 3.5 mg, 1.2 mg to 2.5 mg, 1.3 mg to 1.8 mg, 1.7 mg, 2.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 2.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 2.0 mg to 10.0 mg, 2.0 mg to 4.0 mg, 2.2 mg to 3.8 mg, 2.6 mg to 3.4 mg, 3.4 mg, 3.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 10.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 6.0 mg. mg, 3.2 mg to 5.8 mg, 3.4 mg to 5.6 mg or 5.1 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.7 mg of riboflavin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 3.4 mg of riboflavin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 5.1 mg of riboflavin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 0.1 mg to approximately 25 mg, such as approximately 1.0 mg to approximately 20 mg, approximately 1 mg to approximately 15 mg, approximately 1 mg to approximately 10 mg, approximately 1.1 mg to approximately 4.5 mg, approximately 1.2 mg to approximately 3.5 mg, approximately 1.2 mg to approximately 2.5 mg, approximately 1.3 mg to approximately 1.8 mg, approximately 1.7 mg, approximately 2 mg to approximately 20 mg, approximately 2 mg to approximately 15 mg, approximately 2 mg to approximately 10 mg, approximately 2 mg to approximately 4 mg, approximately 2.2 mg to approximately 3.8 mg, approximately 2.6 mg to approximately 3.4 mg, approximately 3.4 mg, approximately 3 mg to approximately 20 mg, approximately 3 mg approximately 15 mg, approximately 3 mg to approximately 10 mg, approximately 3 mg to approximately 6 mg, approximately 3.2 mg to approximately 5.8 mg, approximately 3.4 mg to approximately 5.6 mg, or approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin, or an equivalent amount of one. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 34 / 210 28 / 66 prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1.7 mg of riboflavin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 3.4 mg of riboflavin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 5.1 mg of riboflavin.

[0047] In some embodiments, vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above is nicotinic acid. Vitamin B3 is a water-soluble vitamin of which there are three chemical forms: nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and niacinamide. The US Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B3 taken orally is 16 mg for men and 14 mg for women over 14 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.0 mg to 300.0 mg, such as 5.0 mg to 150.0 mg, 10.0 mg to 100.0 mg, 20.0 mg to 60.0 mg, of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 18.0 mg to 25.0 mg, such as 18.5 mg to 24.5 mg, 17.0 mg to 24.0 mg, 16.5 mg to 23.5 mg, 16.0 mg to 23.0 mg, or 16.0 mg to 22.0 mg, of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, the composition... Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 35 / 210 29 / 66 comprises 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.0 mg to about 300.0 mg, such as from about 5.0 mg to about 150.0 mg, from about 10.0 mg to about 100.0 mg, from about 20.0 mg to about 60.0 mg, of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 18 mg to about 25 mg, such as about 18.5 mg to about 24.5 mg, about 17 mg to about 24 mg, about 16.5 mg to about 23.5 mg, about 16 mg to about 23 mg, or about 16 mg to about 22 mg, of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide.

[0048] In some embodiments, vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above is pantothenic acid. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin B5 is 5 mg for people over 14 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.0 mg to 250.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug. In some embodiments, the Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 36 / 210 30 / 66 composition comprises 1.0 mg to 250.0 mg, such as 2.0 mg to 200.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 150.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 100.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 30.0 mg, 4.5 mg to 13.5 mg, 5.0 mg to 12.5 mg, 5.5 mg to 12.0 mg, 6.0 mg to 12.5 mg, 6.5 mg to 12.0 mg, 8.5 mg to 11.0 mg, 9.0 to 10.5 mg, or 10.0 mg, 10.0 mg to 25.0 mg, 10.5 mg to 24.5 mg, 12.0 mg to 22.0 mg, 20.0 mg, 20.0 mg a 45.0 mg, 25.0 mg to 35.0 mg, 28.0 mg to 32.0 mg, or 30.0 mg of vitamin B5 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 mg to about 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 mg to about 250 mg, such as about 2 mg to about 200 mg, about 5 mg to about 150 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 5 mg to about 50 mg, about 5 mg to about 30 mg, about 4.5 mg to about 13.5 mg, about 5.0 mg to about 12.5 mg, about 5.5 mg to about 12 mg, about 6 mg to about 12.5 mg, about 6.5 mg to about 12 mg, about 8.5 mg to about 11.0 mg, about 9.0 to about 10.5 mg, or about 10 mg, about 10 mg to about 25 mg, about 10.5 mg to about 24.5 mg, about 12 mg to about 22 mg, about 20 mg, about 20 mg to about 45 mg, about 25 mg to about 35 mg, about 28 mg to about 32 mg or about 30 mg of vitamin B5 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 37 / 210 31 / 66 In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid.

[0049] In some embodiments, vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above comprises pyridoxine. In some embodiments, vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above is pyridoxine. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B6 is 1.3 mg for people aged 14 to 50 years. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 25.0 mg to 100.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 25.0 mg to 200.0 mg of vitamin B6, such as 25.0 mg to 100.0 mg, 30.0 mg to 90.0 mg, 40.0 mg to 80.0 mg, 45.0 mg to 70.0 mg, 45.0 mg to 60.0 mg, 55.0 mg, or 50.0 mg of vitamin B6 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 50.0 mg of pyridoxine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 25 mg to about 100 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 25 mg to approximately 200 mg of vitamin B6, such as approximately 25 mg to approximately 100 mg, approximately 30 mg to approximately 90 mg, approximately 40 mg to approximately 80 mg, approximately 45 mg to approximately 70 mg, approximately 45 mg to approximately 70 mg, and approximately 45 mg to approximately 70 mg. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 38 / 210 32 / 66 mg to approximately 60 mg, approximately 55 mg, or approximately 50 mg of vitamin B6 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of vitamin B6. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine.

[0050] In some embodiments, vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises biotin. In some embodiments, vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing is biotin. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B7 is 0.03 mg for persons over 18 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg, such as 0.01 mg to 0.75 mg, 0.02 mg to 0.75 mg, 0.02 mg to 0.05 mg, 0.02 mg to 0.04 mg, or 0.03 mg, of vitamin B7 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.03 mg of biotin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.06 mg of biotin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.09 mg of biotin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg, such as about 0.01 mg to about 0.75 mg, about 0.02 mg to about 0.75 mg. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 39 / 210 33 / 66 mg, approximately 0.02 mg to approximately 0.05 mg, approximately 0.02 mg to approximately 0.04 mg, or approximately 0.03 mg, of vitamin B7 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 0.03 mg of biotin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 0.06 mg of biotin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 0.09 mg of biotin.

[0051] In some embodiments, vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any vitamin B9 comprises folic acid. In some embodiments, vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any vitamin B9 comprises folate. In some embodiments, vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any vitamin B9 comprises methyl tetrahydrofolate. In some embodiments, vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any vitamin B9 comprises folate, folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin B9 is 0.4 mg for people over 19 years of age.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.1 mg to 50.0 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.0 mg to 3.0 mg of folate and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1.0 mg to 3.0 mg, such as 1.1 mg to 2.9 mg, 1.2 mg to 2.8 mg, 1.3 mg to 2.7 mg, 1.4 mg to 2.6 mg. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 40 / 210 34 / 66 mg, 1.5 mg to 2.6 mg, 1.6 mg to 2.6 mg, 1.7 mg to 2.6 mg, 1.8 mg to 2.6 mg, 1.9 mg to 2.6 mg, 2.0 mg to 2.6 mg, 2.1 mg to 2.6 mg, or 2.5 mg of vitamin B9 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 mg to about 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 mg to about 3 mg of folate and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 mg to about 3 mg, such as from about 1.1 mg to about 2.9 mg, from about 1.2 mg to about 2.8 mg, from about 1.3 mg to about 2.7 mg, from about 1.4 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 1.6 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 1.7 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 1.8 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 1.9 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 2 mg to about 2.6 mg, from about 2.1 mg to about 2.6 mg, or about 2.5 mg of vitamin B9 or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. In some formulations, the composition includes approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate.

[0052] The compositions comprise vitamin B12. In some embodiments, vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any vitamin B12 comprises Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 41 / 210 35 / 66 cyanocobalamin. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin B12 is 2.4 micrograms (0.0024 mg) for people over 14 years of age. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.25 mg to 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.5 mg to 1.5 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.25 mg to about 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.5 mg to about 1.5 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0053] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises lutein, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of lutein. In some embodiments, lutein, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of lutein is R',R'-lutein. Lutein is a carotenoid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg, such as 5.0 mg to 15.0 mg, of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 42 / 210 36 / 66 acceptable for a lutein prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg, such as 6.0 mg to 40.0 mg, 7.0 mg to 30.0 mg, 8.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 9.0 mg to 11.0 mg, 20.0 mg to 30.0 mg, 30.0 mg to 40.0 mg, 40.0 mg to 50.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 6.0 mg to 14.0 mg, 7.0 mg to 13.0 mg, 8.0 mg to 12.0 mg, 9.0 mg to 11.0 mg, 10.0 mg, 20.0 mg, 30.0 mg, 40.0 mg, or 50.0 mg, of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a salt. A pharmaceutically acceptable amount of a lutein prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of lutein. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 5 mg to about 50 mg, such as about 5 mg to about 15 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 5 mg to about 50 mg, such as about 5 mg to about 15 mg, about 6 mg to about 40 mg, about 6 mg to about 14 mg, about 7 mg to about 30 mg, about 7 mg to about 13 mg, about 8 mg to about 20 mg, about 8 mg to about 12 mg, about 9 mg to about 11 mg, about 20 mg to about 30 mg, about 30 mg to about 40 mg, about 40 mg to about 50 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, or about 50 mg, of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a prodrug of Lutein. In some forms, the composition includes approximately 10 mg of lutein.

[0054] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of zeaxanthin. In some embodiments, zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 43 / 210 37 / 66 zeaxanthin is R',R'-zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 40.0 mg, such as 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.04 mg to 40.0 mg, such as 1.0 mg to 30.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 25.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 10.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 1.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 3.0 mg to 12.0 mg, 5.0 mg to 20.0 mg, 7.0 mg to 19.0 mg, 8.0 mg to 15.0 mg, 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg, 1.5 mg to 2.0 mg, 2.0 mg to 2.5 mg, or 2.0 mg, of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug. In some formulations, the composition includes 2.0 mg of zeaxanthin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 mg to about 20 mg, such as from about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 mg to about 20 mg, such as from about 1 mg to about 3 mg, from about 3 mg to about 5 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg, such as from about 1.5 mg to about 2 mg, from about 2 mg to about 2.5 mg, approximately 5 mg to approximately 7 mg, approximately 7 mg to approximately 9 mg, approximately 9 mg to approximately 11 mg, approximately 11 mg to approximately 13 mg, approximately 13 mg to approximately 15 mg, approximately 15 mg to approximately 17 mg, approximately 17 mg to approximately 19 mg, approximately 2 mg, approximately 3 mg, approximately 4 mg, approximately 5 mg, approximately 10 mg, or approximately 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises... Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 44 / 210 38 / 66 approximately 2 mg of zeaxanthin.

[0055] In some modalities, the composition includes: 350.0 mg to 800.0 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; 50.0 mg to 550.0 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; 20.0 mg to 90.0 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 300.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 250.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a prodrug of Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 45 / 210 39 / 66 vitamin B5; 25.0 mg to 200.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; 0.1 mg to 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and 0.25 mg to 3.0 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

[0056] In some embodiments, the compositions further comprise 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; and / or 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug.

[0057] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 46 / 210 40 / 66 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0058] In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0059] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0061] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0062] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 47 / 210 41 / 66 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0064] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0065] In some modalities, the composition includes: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 400.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of acetate. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 48 / 210 42 / 66 dl-alpha tocopheryl; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 10.0 mg of R',R' lutein and / or 2.0 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0066] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 350 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; approximately 200 mg to approximately 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; approximately 20 mg to approximately 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; approximately 1.5 mg to approximately 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug; approximately 0.1 mg to approximately 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; approximately 0.1 mg to approximately 25 mg of riboflavin or a Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 49 / 210 43 / 66 equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; approximately 1 mg to approximately 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; approximately 1 mg to approximately 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; approximately 25 mg to approximately 200 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; approximately 0.01 mg to approximately 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; approximately 0.1 mg to approximately 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and approximately 0.25 mg to approximately 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

[0067] In some embodiments, the compositions still comprise about 5 mg to about 50 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 50 / 210 44 / 66 and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; and / or about 1 mg to about 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug.

[0068] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 1.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0069] In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0070] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0071] In some modalities, the composition comprises: approximately Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 51 / 210 45 / 66 of 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0072] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 1.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0073] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 52 / 210 46 / 66 of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0074] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of sl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 10 mg of R',R' lutein and / or approximately 2 mg of R',R' zeaxanthin.

[0075] In some embodiments, at least one vitamin is from a natural source of said vitamin. In some embodiments, at least one vitamin is from a synthetic source of said vitamin.

[0076] In some embodiments, the compositions described in this document may be a dietary or nutritional supplement or a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the compositions may be in the form of a food product, a component of a food product. The compositions of this disclosure may be used to advantage in methods to promote the health of an individual.

[0077] In some embodiments, the composition is formulated in a form suitable for oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, sublingual, transcutaneous and / or intramuscular administration. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 53 / 210 47 / 66 In some embodiments, the composition is formulated in a form suitable for oral administration. Suitable non-limiting solid oral formulations include tablets, capsules, lozenges, powders, pills, granules, and pellets. Suitable non-limiting liquid oral formulations include solutions, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, and oils. In some embodiments, the composition is in liquid, semi-solid, or solid form. For example, compositions may be administered as tablets, gel packs, capsules, gelatin capsules, flavored drinks, or as a powder that can be reconstituted. In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a tablet, capsule, soft gel, liquid, or powder. In some embodiments, the composition is a soft gelatin capsule and a hard gelatin capsule. In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a chewable oral formulation, such as a chewable tablet.

[0078] In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of an immediate-release formulation or a modified-release formulation, such as a delayed-release and / or a prolonged-release formulation.

[0079] In some embodiments, the compositions may further comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Non-limiting examples of suitable excipients include surfactants, humectants, plasticizers, binders, crystallization inhibitors, wetting agents, fillers, solubilizers, bioavailability enhancers, pH adjusters, and flavorings. At least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, as used in this document, also includes any and all solvents, diluents, other liquid vehicles, dispersing aids, suspending aids, surfactants, isotonic agents, thickening agents, agents Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 54 / 210 48 / 66 emulsifiers, preservatives, solid binders and lubricants, as appropriate for the specific dosage form desired. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st edition, 2005, ed. DB Troy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds. J. Swarbrick and J.C. Boylan, 1988-1999, Marcel Dekker, New York discloses various excipients used in the formulation of oral compositions and known techniques for their preparation. Except to the extent that any conventional carrier is incompatible with the vitamins of this disclosure, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting deleteriously with any other components of the composition, its use is contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure. Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, without limitation, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin,Serum proteins (such as human serum albumin), buffering substances (such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate), partial mixtures of glycerides of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts and electrolytes (such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and zinc salts), colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers, wool fat, sugars (such as lactose, glucose, and sucrose), starches (such as corn starch and potato starch), cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate), tragacanth powder, malt, gelatin, talc, excipients (such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes), oils (such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, etc.). safflower, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil), glycols (such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol),esters (such as oleate of, Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 55 / 210 49 / 66 ethyl and ethyl laurate), agar, buffering agents (such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide), alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline solution, Ringer's solution, ethyl alcohol, phosphate buffer solutions, compatible non-toxic lubricants (such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate), coloring agents, release agents, coating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, fragrance agents, preservatives and antioxidants.

[0080] In some forms, the composition also includes cellulose, gelatin, magnesium stearate, water, vegetable oil, glycerin, beeswax and / or silica.

[0081] In some embodiments, the compositions further comprise or are co-administered with at least one additional active ingredient. In some embodiments, at least one additional therapeutic agent is chosen from among anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., anti-IL-6 agents, anti-IL-8 agents, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), anti-angiogenic agents (e.g., anti-VEGF agents, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, acadesine, and AMPK activators), antioxidant agents (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, glutathione, catalase, etc.), omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), and vitamins and minerals (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, and copper). In some forms, the composition also includes lutein and zeaxanthin.

[0082] The combination of the disclosed compositions and at least one additional active ingredient may advantageously produce one or more of the following effects: (1) additive and / or synergistic benefits; (2) reduction of side effects and / or adverse effects associated with the use of the prescribed medication in the absence of the disclosed compositions. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 56 / 210 50 / 66 in this document; and / or (3) the ability to reduce the dosage of the prescribed medication compared to the amount of prescribed medication needed in the absence of the compositions disclosed in this document.

[0083] The compositions disclosed in this document may be prepared according to any known method for the manufacture of dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, several methods are known. For information on materials, equipment, and processes for preparing formulations and dosage forms, see Pharmaceutical dosage form tablets, eds. Liberman et al. (New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1989), Remington—The science and practice of pharmacy, 20th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2000, and Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems, 6th Edition, Ansel et al., (Media, Pa.: Williams and Wilkins, 1995), which provide information on carriers, materials, equipment, and the process of preparing formulations.

[0084] A method of manufacturing the compositions disclosed in this document may comprise combining the aforementioned vitamins, as well as any desired excipients, and mechanical mixing, such as, for example, using a mixer to form a mixture. If necessary, the mixture may then be stirred until uniform. The mixture may then be compressed using a tablet press to form tablets. Optionally, a coating may be sprayed onto the tablets and the tablets stirred until dry. Alternatively, the mixture may be placed in medium-chain triglycerides to form a fluid paste for containment in a soft gel capsule, the mixture may be placed in a gelatin capsule, or the mixture may be placed in other dosage forms known to those skilled in the art. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 57 / 210 51 / 66

[0085] Methods for treating and / or preventing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity, including, for example, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are disclosed in this document, the methods comprising administering to an individual a composition disclosed in this document. In some embodiments, the composition disclosed in this document is chosen from compositions comprising vitamin C, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin E, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; zinc, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing; copper, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable form of any of the foregoing; vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing;vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items, and optionally further comprising lutein, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items; and / or zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof, and / or a salt; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 58 / 210 52 / 66 pharmaceutically acceptable of any of the above. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 350 mg to 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; 50 mg to 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; 20 mg to 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 300.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug;1.0 mg to 250.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically available salt; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 59 / 210 53 / 66 acceptable, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; 25.0 mg to 200.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and 0.25 mg to 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 60 / 210 54 / 66 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some formulations, the composition comprises 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of an acid. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 61 / 210 55 / 66 ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg R',R'-lutein; 2.0 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0086] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 350 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; about 200 mg to about 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; about 20 mg to about 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;approximately 5 mg to approximately 50 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; approximately 1 mg to approximately 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; approximately 0.1 mg to approximately 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 62 / 210 56 / 66 of a vitamin B1 prodrug; about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; about 1 mg to about 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; about 1 mg to about 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; approximately 25 mg to approximately 200 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug;approximately 0.01 mg to approximately 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; approximately 1 mg to approximately 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and approximately 0.25 mg to approximately 3 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug. In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; about 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide;approximately 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 63 / 210 57 / 66 1.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some formulations, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; and approximately 2 mg of copper. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 64 / 210 58 / 66 optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately 1.5 mg thiamine; approximately 1.7 mg riboflavin; approximately 20 mg nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10.0 mg pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg biotin; approximately 2.5 mg folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately 3.0 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.In some embodiments, the composition comprises approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'-lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'-zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

[0087] At least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity includes macular degeneration-related Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 65 / 210 Age 59 / 66 (AMD). In some modalities, the method disclosed in this document is effective in preventing, mitigating, or inhibiting the progression of AMD. In some modalities, AMD is either wet AMD or dry AMD.

[0088] In some modalities, at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity is chosen from among macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal pigment epithelium atrophy (RPE), atrophy of at least one photoreceptor, drusen, drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPE), diabetic retinopathy, cataract, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, choroidal neovascularization, retinal degeneration, Stargardts disease, and oxygen-induced retinopathy.

[0089] In some embodiments of the methods disclosed in this document, the compositions disclosed in this document are administered to an individual in one, two, three, or four doses per day. In some embodiments, the compositions are administered, each in the form of one, two, three, or four dosage units, one, two, three, or four times a day, such as in the form of two tablets taken twice a day or in the form of one tablet taken twice a day.

[0090] Methods for regression of drusen and / or detachment of the drusenoid pigment epithelium (DPE) are also disclosed in this document, comprising administering to an individual a composition disclosed in this document. Methods for treating and / or preventing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy and / or at least one photoreceptor atrophy are disclosed in this document, wherein the methods comprise administering to an individual a composition disclosed in this document. Methods for treating and / or preventing vision loss and / or improving visual acuity are also disclosed in this document. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 66 / 210 60 / 66

[0091] In some embodiments, administration of a composition as described in this document causes a complete disappearance (i.e., 100% regression) of drusen. In some embodiments, administration of a composition as described in this document prevents atrophy of the RPE and / or photoreceptors in a patient (i.e., geographic atrophy).

[0092] In some embodiments of the disclosed methods, the individuals to whom the compositions are administered are chosen from among individuals suspected of having at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity, individuals known to have at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity, and individuals at risk of developing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity.

[0093] In some modalities, the disclosed methods also include identifying an individual as being at risk of developing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity. In some modalities, the disclosed methods also include identifying an individual as being at risk of developing AMD. In some modalities, the disclosed methods also include identifying an individual as having AMD. In some modalities, the disclosed methods also include identifying an individual as being at risk of AMD progression.

[0094] In some embodiments of the methods described in this document, the subject is a human. In some embodiments of the methods described in this document, the subject is a non-human animal. Non-human animals include mammals, for example, non-human primates, swine, equines, canines, felines, bovines, Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 67 / 210 61 / 66 rodents and other domestic, farm and zoo animals.

[0095] An individual at risk of developing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity may be identified by one or more diagnostic or prognostic assays described in this document and / or known to those skilled in the art.

[0096] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed in this document treat and / or prevent at least one disease, disorder, and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity, as evidenced by an improvement in visual acuity. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed in this document further comprise monitoring the individual for the effectiveness of administering to the individual a composition as disclosed in this document. For example, in some embodiments, the methods disclosed in this document further comprise monitoring an individual for improvement in visual acuity, which includes measuring an indicative parameter of visual acuity in the individual at a first time point before administration of the composition disclosed in this document, measuring the same parameter in the individual at a second time point after administration of the composition disclosed in this document, and comparing the two measurements to assess the improvement.

[0097] The methods disclosed in this document comprise the administration of a daily dose of a composition disclosed in this document. The determination and adjustment of an appropriate dosage regimen (e.g., adjustment of the number of doses and frequency of dosing) per day may be performed by one skilled in the relevant art and will depend on various factors, such as the nature and progression of at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity and the health and / or age of the individual. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 68 / 210 62 / 66

[0098] In some embodiments, the composition disclosed in this document is formulated in the form of one tablet, two tablets, three tablets, four tablets, etc., and is administered to an individual in a single dose per day, in two doses per day, in three doses per day, in four doses per day, etc., or up to, for example, ten doses per day. In some embodiments, the composition disclosed in this document is formulated in the form of four tablets that are administered to an individual in two doses of two tablets per day. In some embodiments, the composition disclosed in this document is administered to an individual for at least one week, at least two weeks, at least three weeks, at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, at least four months, at least five months, at least six months, at least twelve months, at least one year, or for more than one year.

[0099] This document also discloses methods for preventing, stabilizing, reversing, and / or treating macular degeneration or visual acuity loss by reducing the risk of developing late-stage or advanced age-related macular degeneration in individuals with early-stage age-related macular degeneration, comprising providing an individual with a daily dosage of not less than about 1.5 mg of thiamine, about 1.7 mg of riboflavin, about 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide, about 10 mg of pantothenic acid, about 50 mg of pyridoxine, about 0.03 mg of biotin; about 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate, and about 1 mg of cyanocobalamin. In some embodiments, the daily dosage is provided in the form of two tablets taken twice daily or in the form of one tablet taken twice daily.

[00100] The effectiveness of the compositions and methods of this disclosure, for example, in the treatment and / or prevention of at least Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 69 / 210 63 / 66 A disease, disorder, and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity may be determined by a person skilled in the relevant technique. One or any combination of diagnostic methods, including physical examination, symptom assessment and monitoring, and performance of analytical tests and methods described in this document, may be used to monitor at least one disease, disorder, and / or condition. For example, eye examinations such as biomicroscopy, tonometry, stereoscopic fundus examination (e.g., color fundus photography), macular function assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, and / or angiography (e.g., fluorescein angiography and OCT-based angiography (OCTA)) may be used.

[00101] For example, visual acuity can be assessed in any suitable manner known to one skilled in the art. In some modalities, visual acuity is assessed by determining the smallest letters the patient can read on a standard eye examination chart at a defined distance. Furthermore, for example, AMD progression can be assessed by measuring a parameter, such as neovascularization. Maintenance or a reduction of the measured parameter from the first time point to the second time point indicates prevention of AMD progression.In some modalities, the progression of AMD and / or drusen regression is assessed by determining a specific drusen parameter in a patient at a first time point (e.g., before administration of a high dose of statin), determining the same parameter in the same patient at a second time point (e.g., after administration of a high dose of statin), and comparing the parameter measured at the first time point and the second time point. The drusen parameter may be, for example, volume, height, diameter, and / or number. For example, a. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 70 / 210 64 / 66 druse regression can be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99%. In some modalities, druse is reduced from 5% to at least 40%, as well as 90%. Furthermore, atrophy can be assessed, for example, by measuring a parameter such as autofluorescence or retinal thickness, and PED can be assessed for flattening, for example, by measuring a parameter such as volume, height and / or diameter, and can be assessed for new fixation to Bruch's membrane by measuring, for example, a parameter such as separation distance. Predictive Examples

[00102] The following compositions may be prepared. The quantities in each composition are established based on daily dosage. Each composition may be formulated in two or more dosage units, wherein the dosage units may be administered to an individual daily. Active Ingredient Quantity (mg) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid or equivalent) 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 Vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol or equivalent) 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 400.0 Zinc (Zinc oxide or equivalent) 80.0 25.0 80.0 25.0 80.0 25.0 80.0 Copper (Copper oxide or equivalent) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Lutein (R'R') 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 71 / 210 65 / 66 Zeaxanthin (R'R') 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 1.7 1.7 3.4 3.4 5.1 5.1 3.4 Vitamin B3 (Nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide) 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 Vitamin B7 (Biotin) 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 Vitamin B9 (Folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Active Ingredient Quantity (mg) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid or equivalent) 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 Vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol or equivalent) 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 400.0 Zinc (Zinc oxide or equivalent) 80.0 25.0 80.0 25.0 80.0 25.0 80.0 Copper (Copper oxide or equivalent) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Lutein (R'R') 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Zeaxanthin (R'R') 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 72 / 210 66 / 66 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 1.7 1.7 3.4 3.4 5.1 5.1 3.4 Vitamin B3 (Nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide) 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 Vitamin B7 (Biotin) 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.06 Vitamin B9 (Methyl tetrahydrofolate) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

[00103] Compositions combining the nutritional food ingredients listed above are prepared by mixing the aforementioned ingredients. The compositions can be stable for at least two years at room temperature. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 73 / 210

Claims

1 / 21 CLAIMS 1. Composition for visual health, characterized in that it comprises: vitamin C, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; vitamin E, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; zinc, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; copper, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing; vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing;vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, and optionally further comprising lutein, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; and / or zeaxanthin, a prodrug of the same and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above items.

2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that vitamin C, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises ascorbic acid.

3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that vitamin E, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either of the foregoing comprises alpha-tocopherol.

4. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that zinc, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises zinc oxide.

5. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that copper, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises copper oxide.

6. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that lutein, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises lutein (R',R').

7. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that zeaxanthin, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises zeaxanthin (R',R').

8. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that vitamin B1, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the foregoing comprises thiamine. Petition 870260052083, dated 29 / 05 / 2026, p. 75 / 210 3 / 21 9. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that vitamin B2, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises riboflavin.

10. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that vitamin B3, a prodrug thereof and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises nicotinic acid, niacinamide, or a combination of any of the foregoing.

11. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that vitamin B5, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises pantothenic acid.

12. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that vitamin B6, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises pyridoxine.

13. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that vitamin B7, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises biotin.

14. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that vitamin B9, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate.

15. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that vitamin B12, a prodrug thereof, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing comprises cyanocobalamin. Petition 870260052083, dated 29 / 05 / 2026, p. 76 / 210 4 / 21 16. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises from 350.0 mg to 800.0 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug.

17. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises from 50.0 mg to 550.0 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug.

18. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises from 20.0 mg to 90.0 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug.

19. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug.

20. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the composition comprises from 5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug.

21. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it comprises from 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 77 / 210 5 / 21 22. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it comprises from 0.1 mg to 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug.

23. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it comprises 0.1 mg to 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug.

24. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it comprises from 1.0 mg to 300.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug.

25. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it comprises from 1.0 mg to 250.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug.

26. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that it comprises from 25.0 mg to 200.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug.

27. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that it comprises from 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug.

28. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that it comprises from 1.0 mg to 50.0 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug.

29. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that it comprises from 0.25 mg to 3.0 mg of cyanocobalamin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

30. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and 17 to 29, characterized in that it comprises about 350 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug.

31. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 16 and 18 to 30, characterized in that it comprises from about 200 mg to about 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug.

32. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 17 and 19 to 31, characterized in that it comprises from about 20 mg to about 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 79 / 210 7 / 21 33. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and 20 to 32, characterized in that it comprises from about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug.

34. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 19 and 21 to 33, characterized in that it comprises from about 5 mg to about 50 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug.

35. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 20 and 22 to 34, characterized in that it comprises from about 1.0 mg to about 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug.

36. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 21 and 23 to 35, characterized in that it comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug.

37. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 22 and 24 to 36, characterized in that it comprises from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug. Petition 870260052083, dated 29 / 05 / 2026, p. 80 / 210 8 / 21 38. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 23 and 25 to 37, characterized in that it comprises from about 1 mg to about 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug.

39. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 24 and 26 to 38, characterized in that it comprises from about 1 mg to about 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug.

40. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 25 and 27 to 29, characterized in that it comprises from about 25 mg to about 200 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug.

41. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 26 and 28 to 40, characterized in that it comprises from about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug.

42. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 27 and 29 to 41, characterized in that it comprises from about 1 mg to about 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 81 / 210 9 / 21 43. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 28 and 30 to 42, characterized in that it comprises from about 0.25 mg to about 3 mg of cyanocobalamin, an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

44. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

45. Composition according to claim 44, characterized in that it further comprises 10.0 mg of lutein and 2.0 mg of zeaxanthin.

46. ​​Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of R',R'lutein; 2.0 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; 1.5 mg of thiamine; 1.7 mg of riboflavin; 20.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 10.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.03 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 82 / 210 10 / 21 47. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of R',R'lutein; 2.0 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

48. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of R',R'lutein; 2.0 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; 3.0 mg of thiamine; 3.4 mg of riboflavin; 40.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 20.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.06 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

49. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; 80.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of R',R'lutein; 2.0 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

50. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: 500.0 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; 180.0 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; 25.0 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; 2.0 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; 10.0 mg of R',R'lutein; 2.0 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; 4.5 mg of thiamine; 5.1 mg of riboflavin; 60.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; 30.0 mg of pantothenic acid; 50.0 mg of pyridoxine; 0.09 mg of biotin; 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin.

51. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: about 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; about 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; about 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; about 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; about 1.5 mg of thiamine; about 1.7 mg of riboflavin; about 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; about 10 mg of pantothenic acid; about 50 mg of pyridoxine; about 0.03 mg of biotin; about 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and about 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

52. Composition according to claim 51, characterized in that it further comprises about 10 mg of lutein and about 2 mg of zeaxanthin.

53. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 1 mg of thiamine; approximately 1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 20 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 10 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.03 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

54. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

55. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 85 / 210 13 / 21 approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 3 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

56. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

57. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 180 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 25 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 4.5 mg of thiamine; approximately 5.1 mg of riboflavin; approximately 60 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 30 mg Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, p. 86 / 210 14 / 21 of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.09 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

58. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises: approximately 500 mg of vitamin C, optionally in the form of ascorbic acid; approximately 400 mg of vitamin E, optionally in the form of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate; approximately 80 mg of zinc, optionally in the form of zinc oxide; approximately 2 mg of copper, optionally in the form of copper oxide; approximately 10 mg of R',R'lutein; approximately 2 mg of R',R'zeaxanthin; approximately 3.0 mg of thiamine; approximately 3.4 mg of riboflavin; approximately 40 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide; approximately 20 mg of pantothenic acid; approximately 50 mg of pyridoxine; approximately 0.06 mg of biotin; approximately 2.5 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate; and approximately 1 mg of cyanocobalamin.

59. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 58, characterized in that it is in the form of one or more tablets, capsules, soft gels, liquid or powder.

60. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 59, characterized in that it is in the form of an immediate-release formulation or a modified-release formulation.

61. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 60, characterized in that it is formulated in one, two, three or four dosage units for daily administration.

62. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 60, characterized in that it is formulated in one, two, three or four tablets for daily administration.

63. Composition, according to any of the claims 1 to 62, as per Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pages 87 / 210 15 / 21, characterized in that at least one vitamin is from a natural source of said vitamin.

64. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 62, characterized in that at least one vitamin is from a synthetic source of said vitamin.

65. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises from 60.0 mg to 850.0 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; from 15.0 mg to 800.0 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; from 15.0 mg to 100.0 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; from 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; 0.1 mg to 25.0 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Petition 870260052083, dated 29 / 05 / 2026, p. 88 / 210 16 / 21 of a vitamin B2 prodrug;1.0 mg to 300.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 250.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; 25.0 mg to 100.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug;from 0.1 mg to 50.0 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and from 0.25 mg to 3.0 mg of cyanocobalamin in an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

66. Composition, according to claim 65, characterized in that it comprises 350 mg to 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; 50 mg to 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; 20 mg to 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; 1.5 mg to 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;5.0 mg to 50.0 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; 1.0 mg to 20.0 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug; 15.0 mg to 35.0 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug;3.0 mg to 15.0 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; 25.0 mg to 100.0 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; 0.01 mg to 1.0 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; 1.0 mg to 3.0 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 90 / 210 18 / 21and 0.5 mg to 1.5 mg of cyanocobalamin in an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

67. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises from about 60 mg to about 850 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; from about 15 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; from about 15 mg to about 100 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; from about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;from about 5 mg to about 50 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; from about 1 mg to about 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; from about 0.1 mg to about 25 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Petition 870260052083, dated 29 / 05 / 2026, page. 91 / 210 19 / 21 acceptable of a vitamin B2 prodrug;from about 1 mg to about 300 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; from about 1 mg to about 250 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; from about 25 mg to about 100 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; from about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug;from about 0.1 mg to about 50 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and from about 0.25 mg to about 3 mg of cyanocobalamin in an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

68. Composition, according to claim 67, characterized in that it comprises from about 350 mg to about 800 mg of vitamin C or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin C prodrug; from about 200 mg to about 550 mg of vitamin E or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin E prodrug; from about 20 mg to about 90 mg of zinc or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zinc prodrug; from about 1.5 mg to about 2.5 mg of copper or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable form and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a copper prodrug;from about 5 mg to about 50 mg of lutein or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a lutein prodrug; from about 1 mg to about 20 mg of zeaxanthin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a zeaxanthin prodrug; from about 1 mg to about 5 mg of thiamine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B1 prodrug; from about 1 mg to about 5 mg of riboflavin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B2 prodrug;from about 15 mg to about 35 mg of nicotinic acid and / or niacinamide or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B3 prodrug; from about 3 mg to about 15 mg of pantothenic acid or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B5 prodrug; from about 25 mg to about 100 mg of pyridoxine or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B6 prodrug; from about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of biotin or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B7 prodrug; Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, page 93 / 210 21 / 21from about 1 mg to about 3 mg of folic acid and / or methyl tetrahydrofolate or an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B9 prodrug; and from about 0.5 mg to about 1.5 mg of cyanocobalamin in an equivalent amount of a prodrug, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a vitamin B12 prodrug.

69. Composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 68, characterized in that it is based on a daily dosage.

70. Use of a composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, characterized in that it is for the manufacture of a dietary or nutritional supplement, pharmaceutical preparation and / or product for delaying the progression and / or onset of macular degeneration in a person in need thereof.

71. Use of a composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 68, characterized in that it is for the manufacture of a dietary or nutritional supplement, pharmaceutical preparation and / or product for treating and / or preventing at least one disease, disorder and / or condition associated with a loss of visual acuity in an individual.

72. Use, according to claim 70 or 71, characterized in that the dietary or nutritional supplement, pharmaceutical preparation and / or product contains instructions for daily use in one, two, three or four daily doses. Petition 870260052083, dated 05 / 29 / 2026, pp. 94 / 210