Multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument, including a base, an electronic scale bracket fixedly arranged at the left end of the upper end surface of the base, an electronic scale fixedly arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale bracket, a square wire frame arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale pan, a square wire frame bracket arranged in the middle of the square wire frame, a square wire frame plane nail fixedly arranged at the left end of the square wire frame, a current-carrying circular coil, a Hall sensor and a Hall sensor lead connector fixedly arranged at the left and right ends of the square wire frame, a radial slide arranged at the lower end of the Hall sensor lead connector, a radial rotating drum wheel and a radial guide rail arranged at the lower end of the radial slide, and a transverse slide arranged at the lower end of the radial guide rail. The above technical scheme combines the measurement experiments of constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field, reflects the difference between constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field in electromagnetic effect, helps students recognize and understand the magnetic field distribution of current-carrying circular coil and Helmholtz coil, has reasonable structural design, is easy to use, and has good inventiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of experimental equipment, and in particular to a multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument. Background Art

[0002] In magnetic research, magnetic induction intensity and magnetic force are two important measured quantities. The magnetic field includes constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field. At the same time, magnetic field measurement is the starting point for Ampere force research. Obviously, the measurements of these two physical quantities are closely related.

[0003] The main experiments on magnetic field measurement include the Hall effect to measure the magnetic field of the solenoid and the electromagnetic induction method to measure the alternating magnetic field. The essence of these experiments is to measure the magnetic induction intensity. However, the existing experimental equipment is two completely separate sets of equipment, which adds unnecessary burden to the experimental space layout and experimental funds. On the other hand, the measurement and research experiments of Ampere force based on magnetic field are generally missing. Obviously, Ampere force is an important carrier of magnetic field application, and the lack of relevant experimental content is very regrettable for electromagnetic research.

[0004] The reason is that under the general Ampere force measurement method, it is impossible to accurately explore all the factors related to the Ampere force, and it is even more impossible to derive the calculation formula for the size of the Ampere force from the experiment. As a result, students can only roughly perceive the factors related to the Ampere force, but cannot achieve real exploration through experiments. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument with reasonable structural design and easy use, which combines the measurement experiments of constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field, reflects the difference between constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field in electromagnetic effects, and helps students recognize and understand the magnetic field distribution of current-carrying circular coils and Helmholtz coils.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: a multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument, comprising a base, an electronic scale bracket is fixedly arranged at the left end of the upper end surface of the base, an electronic scale is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale bracket, an electronic scale is arranged on the electronic scale with an electronic scale pan, an electronic scale display screen frame, an electronic scale display screen and electronic scale function buttons, a square wire frame is arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale pan, a square wire frame bracket is arranged in the middle of the square wire frame, a square wire frame plane nail is fixedly arranged at the left end of the square wire frame, a first current-carrying circular coil, a second current-carrying circular coil, a Hall sensor and a Hall sensor lead connector are fixedly arranged at the right end of the square wire frame, and the A radial slide and a radial scale are arranged at the lower end of the Hall sensor lead connector, a radial rotating drum and a radial guide are arranged at the lower end of the radial slide, a transverse slide is arranged at the lower end of the radial guide, a transverse guide is arranged at the lower end of the transverse slide, a transverse lead screw is arranged at the lower end of the transverse guide, a transverse rotating drum is arranged at the right end of the transverse lead screw, a transverse guide base is arranged at the lower end of the transverse lead screw, and a transverse scale is arranged on the front end surface of the transverse lead screw; a magnetic field resolution adjustment knob, a magnetic field reset button, a current and voltage display screen terminal, a current and voltage size display screen, a magnetic field size display screen, a magnetic field display screen terminal and a single-pole double-throw switch are arranged at the right end of the second current-carrying circular coil.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the second current-carrying circular coil is located at the right end of the first current-carrying circular coil, a first semicircular bracket is fixedly provided at the lower end of the first current-carrying circular coil, and a second semicircular bracket is fixedly provided at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil; the first current-carrying circular coil is fixed to the base through the first semicircular bracket, and the second current-carrying circular coil is fixed to the base through the second semicircular bracket.

[0008] The present invention is further configured to: drive the lateral sliding vane to move horizontally left and right by rotating the lateral rotating drum; and drive the radial sliding vane to move radially forward and backward by rotating the radial rotating drum.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that: the Hall sensor is fixed on the radial sliding vane via a latch.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: a current-carrying circular coil base is arranged at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil bracket, an Arduino mainboard is arranged in the current-carrying circular coil base, and a Hall sensor signal line is arranged between the Arduino mainboard and the Hall sensor.

[0011] The present invention is further configured to include a first DC regulated power supply and a second DC regulated power supply, the square wire frame is connected to the first DC regulated power supply, and the first current-carrying circular coil and the second current-carrying circular coil are connected to the second DC regulated power supply.

[0012] The advantages of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the structure of the present invention is more reasonable, based on the understanding of different magnetic field measurement methods and the integration of relevant experimental equipment, the measurement experiments of the constant magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field are combined, the difference between the constant magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field in the electromagnetic effect is reflected, and the distribution of the magnetic field of the current-carrying circular coil and the Helmholtz coil is helped to be recognized and understood. At the same time, on this basis, the Arduino motherboard and the Hall sensor are used to measure the size and direction of the magnetic field, and the lever principle, the relationship between the action force and the reaction force, and the electronic scale and other equipment are combined to realize the in-depth and detailed quantitative research of the various factors of the Ampere force, the structural design is reasonable, the use is convenient, and the invention is good.

[0013] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a stereogram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, if the terms "first", "second", and "third" appear, they are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The present invention discloses a multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument, comprising a base 30, an electronic scale bracket 1 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the upper end surface of the base 30, an electronic scale 2 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale bracket 1, an electronic scale pan 29, an electronic scale display screen outer frame 28, an electronic scale display screen 27 and an electronic scale function button 26 are arranged on the electronic scale 2, a square wire frame 4 is arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale pan 29, a square wire frame bracket 5 is arranged in the middle of the square wire frame 4, a square wire frame plane nail 3 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the square wire frame 4, a first current-carrying circular coil 6, a second current-carrying circular coil 19, a Hall sensor 7 and a Hall sensor lead connector 8 are fixedly arranged at the right end of the square wire frame 4, and a radial wire frame is arranged at the lower end of the Hall sensor lead connector 8. A slide 10 and a radial scale 32, wherein the lower end of the radial slide 10 is provided with a radial rotating drum 9 and a radial guide rail 11, the lower end of the radial guide rail 11 is provided with a transverse slide 12, the lower end of the transverse slide 12 is provided with a transverse guide rail 13, the lower end of the transverse guide rail 13 is provided with a transverse lead screw 16, the right end of the transverse lead screw 16 is provided with a transverse rotating drum 14, the lower end of the transverse lead screw 16 is provided with a transverse guide rail base 15, and the front end surface of the transverse lead screw 16 is provided with a transverse scale 17; the right end of the second current-carrying circular coil 19 is provided with a magnetic field resolution adjustment knob 33, a magnetic field reset button 34, a current and voltage display screen terminal 35, a current and voltage size display screen 36, a magnetic field size display screen 37, a magnetic field display screen terminal 38 and a single-pole double-throw switch 39.

[0020] Preferably, the second current-carrying circular coil 19 is located at the right end of the first current-carrying circular coil 6, a first semicircular bracket 21 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the first current-carrying circular coil 6, and a second semicircular bracket 22 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil 19; the first current-carrying circular coil 6 is fixed to the base 30 through the first semicircular bracket 21, and the second current-carrying circular coil 19 is fixed to the base 30 through the second semicircular bracket 22.

[0021] Preferably, the lateral sliding vane 12 is driven to move horizontally left and right by rotating the lateral rotating drum 14; and the radial sliding vane 10 is driven to move radially forward and backward by rotating the radial rotating drum 9.

[0022] Preferably, the Hall sensor 7 is fixed on the radial slide vane 10 via a latch.

[0023] Preferably, a current-carrying circular coil base 41 is provided at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil support 19 , an Arduino mainboard is provided in the current-carrying circular coil base 41 , and a Hall sensor signal line 24 is provided between the Arduino mainboard and the Hall sensor 7 .

[0024] Preferably, it also includes a first DC regulated power supply 25 and a second DC regulated power supply 40, the square wire frame 4 is connected to the first DC regulated power supply 25, and the first current-carrying circular coil 6 and the second current-carrying circular coil 19 are connected to the second DC regulated power supply 40.

[0025] The present invention enables students to intuitively see the magnitude of the forces on current-carrying conductors of different lengths in different magnetic fields and currents, so as to better learn and understand the physical nature of physical phenomena and related applications. The present invention is further described in detail below:

[0026] 1. Working principle of Hall sensor

[0027] The Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor made based on the Hall effect. When the current passes through the conductor perpendicular to the external magnetic field, the carriers are deflected, and an additional electric field is generated perpendicular to the direction of the current and the magnetic field, thereby generating a potential difference at both ends of the conductor. This phenomenon is the Hall effect. Using the Hall sensor and the Arduino motherboard to make a Tesla meter can instantly obtain the size of the magnetic field.

[0028] 2. Leverage Principle

[0029] A rigid rod that rotates around a fixed point under the action of a force is called a lever.

[0030] The lever principle is: power × power arm = resistance × resistance arm, power is the applied force, power arm is the distance from the force application point to the fulcrum; resistance is the received force, resistance arm is the distance from the force application point to the fulcrum. When the power arm is equal to the resistance arm, the applied power and the received resistance are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

[0031] Use the central axis of the wireframe as the fulcrum and try to make the distances from the edges at both ends of the wireframe to the fulcrum equal. The wireframe is balanced on the fulcrum, and the force exerted on the wireframe in the magnetic field is equal in magnitude to the force exerted on the other end of the wireframe, but in the opposite direction.

[0032] 3. Electronic scales and interaction forces

[0033] Electronic scales are instruments for measuring mass, so they cannot directly measure the Ampere force. However, the Ampere force on the wire can be converted into the elastic force on the electronic scale, so that the measurement of the Ampere force can be converted into the change in the mass value of the electronic scale. That is, the change in elastic force displayed by the electronic scale can be used to display the Ampere force. Since the value displayed on the electronic scale is in grams, you must first multiply it by 10. -3 , convert the unit into kilograms, and then multiply it by the acceleration of gravity to get the change in elastic force displayed on the electronic scale, that is, the magnitude of the Ampere force.

[0034] 4. Making of square wireframe and lever

[0035] Since there is a reverse non-uniform magnetic field above the Helmholtz coil, and the magnetic field strength is about one tenth of the magnetic field inside the Helmholtz coil, if you want to make the energized coil outside the coil not be affected by the Ampere force or reduce the error of this part of the Ampere force, you need to increase the length of the wire frame by at least twice. However, increasing the length of the wire frame will also bring new errors to the experiment.

[0036] Increase the length of the wire frame and change the position of the wire frame from a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field to a plane horizontal to the magnetic flux lines.

[0037] One side is in a uniform magnetic field, the direction of the current is perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines and is subject to the Ampere force. The two adjacent sides are parallel to the magnetic field and are not subject to force. The opposite sides pass through the Helmholtz coil and are located at a position with a smaller magnetic induction intensity, reducing errors.

[0038] This makes the Ampere force on the other sides of the wire frame much smaller than that on the sides of the perpendicular magnetic flux lines in the uniform magnetic field, which reduces the error without causing other large errors.

[0039] In order to make the length L of the wire frame subjected to the Ampere force in the magnetic field variable, three wire frames were made, with the same length of 360mm and widths of 80mm, 100mm, and 120mm respectively. In order to make the wire frame more solid, the inside of the wire frame was divided into long acrylic plates for reinforcement. After debugging, it was determined that the specification of the enameled wire used in the wire frame was 0.40mm bare diameter and 50 turns.

[0040] In order to measure the force on the wire frame in a uniform magnetic field, the wire frame is used as a lever. Two cross screws are fixed at the two ends of the carbon rod relative to each other at the center of the wire frame. Two trapezoidal brackets are made of acrylic plates. A thumbtack is passed through the same position, and the tip of the thumbtack is pressed against the nut of the screw of the wire frame. The thumbtacks on the two brackets are relatively on the same axis, pressed against the concave part of the nut, and used as a fulcrum. The wire frame rotates around this axis, which effectively reduces the friction when the wire frame rotates.

[0041] In addition, in order to make the force application point of the wire frame on the electronic scale at the midpoint of the side of the wire frame, a weight with a mass of about 50g is fixed at the center of one side of the wire frame.

[0042] 5. Working Principle

[0043] (1) Measuring the transverse magnetic field on the axis of a constant current-carrying circular coil

[0044] Turn the single-pole double-throw switch to single, connect the current-carrying circular coil with the second DC regulated power supply, place the Hall sensor on the axis of the current-carrying circular coil, and place it at the 0 cm scale position on the horizontal scale. Rotate the horizontal rotary drum to move the horizontal slide, and record the data on the magnetic field size display screen at a certain interval on the horizontal scale until the horizontal slide points to the 10 cm scale position on the right side of the horizontal scale.

[0045] (2) Measuring the transverse magnetic field on the axis of the Helmholtz coil

[0046] The physical definition of a Helmholtz coil is that when two identical circular coils are connected end to end and the distance between the two is equal to the radius of the coil, such a combination is called a Helmholtz coil. In this embodiment, the first current-carrying circular coil and the second current-carrying circular coil are connected in series to form a Helmholtz coil.

[0047] Turn the single-pole double-throw switch to double, connect the Helmholtz coil to the second DC regulated power supply, place the Hall sensor on the axis of the Helmholtz coil, start from the 12 cm scale position on the left side of the horizontal scale, at this time the radial slide is at the midpoint of the radial scale, rotate the horizontal rotary drum to move the horizontal slide, and record the data on the magnetic field size display screen at a certain interval on the horizontal scale until the horizontal slide points to the 12 cm scale position on the right.

[0048] (3) Quantitative study of the relationship between Ampere force and current

[0049] Turn the single-pole double-throw switch to double, connect the Helmholtz coil to the second DC regulated power supply, and keep the width L and number of turns N of the square wire frame unchanged. Connect the square wire frame to the first DC regulated power supply. Keep the voltage of the second DC regulated power supply unchanged so that the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil remains constant. Change the output voltage of the first DC regulated power supply, and the voltage and current display screen will display the current through the energized square wire frame. After the current of the square wire frame displayed on the voltage and current display screen stabilizes, record the current passing through, and after the current stabilizes, record the reading on the electronic scale display screen.

[0050] (4) Quantitatively explore the relationship between Ampere force and wire length

[0051] Before the experiment, peel the electronic scale display and record the initial value of the electronic scale. Turn the single-pole double-throw switch to double, connect the Helmholtz coil and the second DC regulated power supply, keep the output current and voltage of the second DC regulated power supply unchanged, and keep the uniform magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil unchanged. The length of the square wire frame is the same but the effective length width in the magnetic field is different. Select a square wire frame of one size, fix it with a square wire frame bracket with two screws with nuts on both sides, and clamp it at the tips of the two thumbtacks at the center axis of the square wire frame to form a lever with less friction. Adjust the output voltage of the first DC regulated power supply so that the current through the square wire frame displayed on the voltage and current display remains unchanged. After the current stabilizes, record the reading on the electronic scale display.

[0052] Experiment by changing wireframes of different specifications.

[0053] (5) Quantitative study of the relationship between Ampere force and magnetic induction intensity

[0054] Keep the effective length L of the square wire frame and the number of coil turns N unchanged. Connect the square wire frame to the first DC regulated power supply. Keep the output voltage and current of the first DC regulated power supply unchanged so that the current passing through the square wire frame remains unchanged. Turn the single-pole double-throw switch to double, connect the Helmholtz coil to the second DC regulated power supply, and the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coil changes with the current provided by the second DC regulated power supply. By adjusting the voltage of the second DC regulated power supply to change the output current, the magnetic induction intensity of the uniform magnetic field generated in the Helmholtz coil changes accordingly. Use a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field size. After the magnetic field displayed on the magnetic field size display screen and the square wire frame current displayed on the voltage and current size display screen are stable, record the reading on the electronic scale display screen.

[0055] The present invention is based on the understanding of different magnetic field measurement methods and the integration of related experimental equipment, combines the measurement experiments of constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field, reflects the difference between constant magnetic field and alternating magnetic field in electromagnetic effect, and helps students recognize and understand the distribution of magnetic field of current-carrying circular coil and Helmholtz coil. At the same time, on this basis, Arduino motherboard and Hall sensor are used to measure the size and direction of magnetic field, and combined with the principle of lever, the relationship between action force and reaction force and electronic scale and other equipment, in-depth and detailed quantitative research on various factors of Ampere force is realized, the structure design is reasonable, easy to use and inventive.

[0056] The specific description of the present invention in the above embodiments is only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Technical engineers in this field may make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the contents of the above invention, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument, comprising a base (30), characterized in that: An electronic scale bracket (1) is fixedly arranged at the left end of the upper end surface of the base (30); an electronic scale (2) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale bracket (1); an electronic scale pan (29), an electronic scale display screen outer frame (28), an electronic scale display screen (27) and an electronic scale function button (26) are arranged on the electronic scale (2); a square wire frame (4) is arranged at the upper end of the electronic scale pan (29); a square wire frame bracket (5) is arranged in the middle of the square wire frame (4); a square wire frame plane nail (3) is fixedly arranged at the left end of the square wire frame (4); a first current-carrying circular coil (6), a second current-carrying circular coil (19), a Hall sensor (7) and a Hall sensor lead connector (8) are fixedly arranged at the right end of the square wire frame (4); a radial slide (10) and a radial scale (32) are arranged at the lower end of the Hall sensor lead connector (8); The lower end of the sheet (10) is provided with a radial rotating drum wheel (9) and a radial guide rail (11), the lower end of the radial guide rail (11) is provided with a transverse sliding plate (12), the lower end of the transverse sliding plate (12) is provided with a transverse guide rail (13), the lower end of the transverse guide rail (13) is provided with a transverse lead screw (16), the right end of the transverse lead screw (16) is provided with a transverse rotating drum wheel (14), the lower end of the transverse lead screw (16) is provided with a transverse guide rail base (15), and the front end surface of the transverse lead screw (16) is provided with a transverse scale (17); the right end of the second current-carrying circular coil (19) is provided with a magnetic field resolution adjustment knob (33), a magnetic field reset button (34), a current and voltage display screen terminal (35), a current and voltage magnitude display screen (36), a magnetic field magnitude display screen (37), a magnetic field display screen terminal (38) and a single-pole double-throw switch (39); The second current-carrying circular coil (19) is located at the right end of the first current-carrying circular coil (6); a first semicircular bracket (21) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the first current-carrying circular coil (6), and a second semicircular bracket (22) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil (19); the first current-carrying circular coil (6) is fixed to the base (30) via the first semicircular bracket (21), and the second current-carrying circular coil (19) is fixed to the base (30) via the second semicircular bracket (22); The lateral sliding plate (12) is driven to move horizontally by rotating the lateral rotating drum (14); and the radial sliding plate (10) is driven to move radially forward and backward by rotating the radial rotating drum (9); A current-carrying circular coil base (41) is provided at the lower end of the second current-carrying circular coil support (19), an Arduino mainboard is provided in the current-carrying circular coil base (41), and a Hall sensor signal line (24) is provided between the Arduino mainboard and the Hall sensor (7).

2. A multifunctional magnetic field and Ampere force measurement comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first DC regulated power supply (25) and a second DC regulated power supply (40), the square wire frame (4) is connected to the first DC regulated power supply (25), and the first current-carrying circular coil (6) and the second current-carrying circular coil (19) are connected to the second DC regulated power supply (40).

Images