A thermal management test system for automotive hydrogen fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention discloses a thermal management test system for a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a host computer, a data acquisition system, a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell with an FCU controller, an electronic load system, a fuel supply system, an air supply system, and a cooling and heat dissipation system. The test system selects appropriate sensors to test physical quantities such as temperature, flow rate, and power of the fuel cell when it is working and monitors the main state parameters. The host computer automatically analyzes the thermal characteristics and energy of the fuel cell based on the measured data and stores the test data and analysis results, and outputs signals to control the main components of thermal management. The test system has good openness and easy scalability, and can provide test conditions for thermal management research such as efficient heat dissipation, waste heat utilization, and energy flow analysis of fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of testing of vehicle hydrogen fuel cell power systems, and in particular to a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management testing system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous liberation and development of productivity, society's demand for energy is growing, while the shortage of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly severe. The world is in the midst of a "clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient" energy transformation. The general trend of energy conservation and emission reduction has given rise to a sustainable hydrogen economy. Fuel cells are considered to be the most promising new energy power system. Their research and development technology is constantly being upgraded, becoming one of the competitive focuses of major automobile manufacturers in the world. As an efficient and clean electrochemical engine, hydrogen fuel cells can be widely used in transportation and distributed energy systems.

[0003] At present, some commercial vehicle models of fuel cells have achieved mass production in China and have entered the operation stage first, but the passenger car fuel cell technology represented by SAIC still has a certain gap with advanced technology in power density and durability. Fuel cells have a large heat load, a single heat dissipation path and a small temperature difference. If appropriate thermal management technology is not adopted, the performance of the stack will be reduced, the service life will be shortened, and even safety will be endangered. At the same time, about half of the energy of the fuel cell is dissipated in the form of heat when it is working. Testing the thermal performance of the fuel cell and developing appropriate waste heat utilization technology are of great significance for the efficient application of fuel cells. Thermal management is an important topic in the research of automotive fuel cell engines. The development of appropriate thermal management technology is of great significance to improving the performance of fuel cell engines. However, at present, there is a lack of basis and mature experimental testing methods in China when evaluating the thermal management control strategy and energy flow research of fuel cells.

[0004] At present, the research on fuel cell thermal management mainly includes numerical model simulation, temperature control strategy research, structural optimization design and test system development. Although most of the existing research is based on simulation models for thermal characteristics analysis and control strategy optimization, the relevant testing technology is an important means of model verification and the testing basis for thermal management research. The existing fuel cell test platform is mainly aimed at testing the power performance of fuel cells. Applying it to thermal management testing cannot meet the research needs of thermal management well. There are mainly the following shortcomings:

[0005] 1. The existing test platform only monitors the temperature values ​​of key parts of the fuel cell and cannot comprehensively measure the thermal performance of the fuel cell under various working conditions.

[0006] 2. The existing fuel cell thermal management test system can only test a limited amount of fuel cell stack power and is mostly only suitable for small fuel cell stacks. In addition, the existing thermal management test mostly uses simulators or hot water to simulate the thermal characteristics of fuel cells at work.

[0007] 3. The test system cannot automatically perform calculations and thermal characteristics analysis based on the measured data.

[0008] This invention is based on the background of the ascendant hydrogen fuel cells, and based on the existing research foundation and future research needs of thermal management of automotive fuel cell engines, to develop a thermal management test system for automotive fuel cells. The system can analyze the thermal characteristics of fuel cells and the heat generation and heat dissipation performance of various components in the power system, aiming to provide experimental conditions and testing basis for the research of advanced thermal management technologies such as efficient heat dissipation and waste heat utilization, which is of great significance for promoting the efficient application of fuel cells in passenger cars. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing fuel cell testing system is unable to comprehensively test and analyze the thermal characteristics of high-power hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles. Therefore, the present invention provides a vehicle hydrogen fuel thermal management testing system, which can monitor in real time the important parameters related to thermal management when the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell is working, control the key components of thermal management, and automatically perform corresponding calculation analysis and data storage on the energy flow of thermal characteristics of the fuel cell including heat generation and heat dissipation. It aims to provide experimental conditions and testing basis for the research of advanced thermal management technologies such as efficient heat dissipation and waste heat utilization, which is of great significance for promoting the efficient application of fuel cells in passenger cars.

[0010] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] The present invention discloses a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system, which includes a host computer, a data acquisition system, a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell with an FCU controller, an electronic load system, a fuel supply system, an air supply system, and a cooling and heat dissipation system;

[0012] The FCU controller is used to collect data from the body sensor in the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell to be tested, and the host computer communicates with the FCU controller through CAN to obtain data information on the working status of the fuel cell; the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell to be tested is provided with a drainage pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, a stack cooling water outlet, a stack cooling water inlet, a fuel inlet and an air inlet;

[0013] The electronic load system is connected to the output of the hydrogen fuel cell via a voltage and current sensor;

[0014] The fuel supply system includes a hydrogen supply pipeline, a hydrogen source, and a nitrogen source. The hydrogen source and the nitrogen source are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline. The hydrogen source supplies reaction fuel to the hydrogen fuel cell through the hydrogen supply pipeline. The nitrogen source is used for purging

[0015] The air supply system comprises an air supply pipeline and an air compressor arranged on the air supply pipeline, and the air supply system is used to provide clean air with a suitable pressure to the hydrogen fuel cell;

[0016] The cooling and heat dissipation system is used as a cooling and heat dissipation cycle of the hydrogen fuel cell to dissipate the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working, and strictly control the working temperature of the fuel cell between 65 and 80°C, including a cooling water tank, a circulating water pump, a radiator, a fan and a fan controller, wherein:

[0017] An outlet solenoid valve is provided at the cooling water outlet of the stack. The cooling water circulation pipeline after the outlet solenoid valve is divided into a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a heating circulation pipeline through a three-way valve. A radiator is provided in the heat dissipation circulation pipeline. A fan is used to apply air convection to the radiator. A PTC heater is provided in the heating circulation pipeline. The PCT heater is used to heat the stack to the working temperature during cold start. The cooling water tank is connected to the cooling and heat dissipation circulation through a pipeline to replenish cooling water.

[0018] The heat dissipation circulation pipeline and the heating circulation pipeline merge at the downstream, and an electronic water pump is provided on the merged pipeline to provide power for the circulation of cooling water; the cooling water is pumped out by the electronic water pump and connected to the stack cooling water inlet through the inlet solenoid valve;

[0019] The data acquisition system is used to acquire data from all sensors in the test system and perform analog-to-digital conversion;

[0020] The host computer is connected to the data acquisition system to record, store, display and analyze the received data and output control signals.

[0021] Preferably, the fan, PTC heater, electronic water pump and air compressor are powered by a test power supply, and the test power supply is connected to a power analyzer to test the power consumption of each electrical component.

[0022] Preferably, a Hall current sensor and a DC voltage sensor are installed between the hydrogen fuel cell output and the electronic load to test the output performance of the hydrogen fuel cell, i.e., the output voltage and current;

[0023] T-type thermocouples are installed at the cooling water inlet and outlet of the radiator and the cooling water inlet and outlet of the stack in the heat dissipation circulation pipeline to test the cooling water temperature in real time;

[0024] T-type thermocouple measuring points are set in the hydrogen supply pipeline, air supply pipeline, drainage pipeline, exhaust pipeline and test environment to monitor and record various temperatures;

[0025] Pressure sensors are provided at the outlets of the hydrogen source and the nitrogen source for purge and at the inlet of the hydrogen pipeline and the fuel cell stack of the air supply pipeline to detect the gas source pressure and the intake pressure;

[0026] A thermal mass flow meter is installed between the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve of the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen branch switch battery valve to test the hydrogen consumption when the fuel cell is working;

[0027] A turbine flowmeter is installed at the outlet of the electronic water pump to test the instantaneous flow of the circulating cooling water; a conductivity sensor is installed at the outlet of the electronic water pump to test the conductivity of the circulating cooling water;

[0028] Install a Hall speed sensor on the fan to test the speed of the cooling fan;

[0029] A Pitot tube anemometer is installed between the radiator flow channels to test the air flow velocity near the radiator.

[0030] Preferably, the data acquisition system uses a data acquisition system based on virtual instruments to collect various test signals, and the data acquisition system at least includes an NI-9853 input and output module, an NI-9214 thermocouple input module, an NI-9423 digital input module, an NI-9208 current input module, and an NI-9264 voltage output module;

[0031] The CAN communication function between the host computer and the FCU is realized by using the NI-9853 input and output module, and the data communication function with the power analyzer is realized by using the RS-232 serial communication interface standard;

[0032] The voltage signal output by the T-type thermocouple is collected by using the NI-9214 thermocouple input module and the analog-to-digital conversion is completed;

[0033] The signals output by the turbine flowmeter and the Hall speed sensor are pulse digital signals, which are collected and converted into analog-to-digital signals using the NI-9423 digital input module;

[0034] The signals output by the thermal gas mass flowmeter, DC voltage sensor, Hall current sensor and Pitot tube anemometer are 4-20mA analog signals, which are collected and converted into analog to digital signals using the NI-9208 current input module;

[0035] The host computer outputs voltage signals to the fan controller and the electronic water pump of the cooling system to realize the speed control of the cooling fan and the PWM control of the flow rate of the electronic water pump. The host computer adopts the NI-9264 voltage output module to realize the output function of the control signal.

[0036] Preferably, the host computer has an energy analysis module, which calculates the energy flow of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working based on the temperature, flow and power data measured every 5 seconds, and obtains the fuel input power, stack output power, heat dissipation power, radiator heat dissipation power, power consumption of each electrical component and energy conversion efficiency index.

[0037] The test system of the present invention is a multi-task information processing system integrating signal acquisition, state monitoring, energy analysis, and fault alarm. The host computer uses the LabVIEW development environment to develop various software function modules according to the basic design model, and reasonably divides the program according to the characteristics of the hardware level, realizing basic human-computer interaction functions such as data acquisition and monitoring display, calculation analysis and data storage, key component control signal output, RS-232 serial port and CAN bus communication, and user login and log recording; it has the characteristics of modularization and openness.

[0038] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0039] 1. According to the working characteristics of the fuel cell, the present invention selects temperature, flow, speed and power sensor products that are easy to install, have a range accuracy that meets the requirements and have good stability, and uses a data acquisition system based on virtual instruments to collect data information in real time and efficiently. It can measure the key thermophysical parameters of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell in real time and accurately, monitor the main working state parameters and display them intuitively to the test personnel with a graphical friendly interface, and has functions such as abnormal temperature alarm.

[0040] 2. The present invention can communicate with the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell FCU or external test equipment, supports multiple communication protocols, simplifies the overall hardware structure, and has good applicability and openness.

[0041] 3. The present invention can automatically perform energy calculation and analysis related to thermal management based on the measured data, thereby further comprehensively measuring the thermal characteristics of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell during operation.

[0042] 4. The present invention can control key thermal management components such as cooling fans and cooling water pumps according to test requirements during testing, and can meet the test requirements of advanced thermal management technology research such as efficient cooling system design and thermal management control strategy optimization.

[0043] 5. The present invention can perfectly meet the thermal management test requirements of fuel cells at a power level of 120kW. The designed test system has high power and can meet the thermal management test requirements of most automotive hydrogen fuel cells.

[0044] 6. The present invention can store the measured data and the corresponding calculation and analysis results in the form of an electronic spreadsheet as required, and the software program has a friendly human-computer interaction interface.

[0045] In summary, the present invention provides a technical solution for testing and analyzing the thermal characteristics and heat dissipation performance of high-power automotive hydrogen fuel cells, aiming to provide a testing basis for the research of advanced thermal management technologies such as efficient heat dissipation and waste heat utilization, which is of great significance for promoting the efficient application of fuel cells in passenger cars. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 Shown is a hardware architecture design diagram of an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 Shown is a software function design diagram of an embodiment;

[0049] Description of reference numerals:

[0050] Radiator cooling water outlet thermocouple, 2- radiator, 3 radiator cooling water inlet thermocouple,

[0051] 4- Cooling water tank level sensor, 5- Cooling water tank, 6- Pitot tube anemometer, 7- Cooling fan and its controller, 8- Hall speed sensor, 9- PTC heater, 10- Three-way valve, 11- Cooling water circulation electronic water pump, 12- Feedback type electronic load, 13- DC voltage sensor, 14- Hall current sensor, 15- Turbine flowmeter, 16- Conductivity sensor, 17- Stack cooling water inlet pressure sensor, 18- Stack cooling water inlet thermocouple, 19- Stack cooling water inlet solenoid valve, 20- Stack cooling water outlet solenoid valve, 21- Stack cooling water outlet thermocouple, 22- Stack cooling water outlet pressure sensor, 23- Air compressor Cooling water pump, 24-air compressor, 25-fuel cell stack air inlet thermocouple, 26-fuel cell stack air inlet pressure sensor, 27-vehicle hydrogen fuel cell body and FCU, 28-fuel cell stack hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, 29-fuel cell stack hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, 30-hydrogen inlet solenoid valve, 31-hydrogen thermal gas mass flow meter, 32-hydrogen branch switch solenoid valve, 33-hydrogen source pressure sensor, 34-nitrogen branch switch solenoid valve, 35-nitrogen source pressure sensor, 36-air compressor radiator, 37-air filter, 38-air supply solenoid valve, 39-fuel cell stack exhaust thermocouple, 40-fuel cell stack drainage thermocouple, 41-ambient temperature thermocouple. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In order to make the accompanying drawings more concise and intuitive, each figure only schematically shows the parts related to the present invention, omitting some system structures that are not very relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the complete structure of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the specific models of various sensors are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, without paying any creative work, they can choose other different types of sensors to test the corresponding parameters and obtain other implementation methods.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; it can be the internal connection of two elements; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In view of the shortcomings of existing fuel cell testing systems, such as only monitoring temperature but failing to comprehensively measure the thermal performance of the fuel cell under various operating conditions, limited test stack power, generally using simulated thermal characteristics to perform thermal management testing, and failing to automatically perform calculations and analysis based on measured data, the present invention provides a testing system dedicated to thermal management testing of automotive hydrogen fuel cells, aiming to provide a testing basis for the research of advanced thermal management technology and promote the efficient use of automotive hydrogen fuel cells in passenger cars.

[0056] A pipeline connection diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the hardware structure and the module design in the host computer are as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown.

[0057] The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system of the present invention includes a host computer and a data acquisition system, and also includes:

[0058] A vehicle hydrogen fuel cell body and its FCU control unit (27) that operate stably and safely under test conditions as required;

[0059] An electronic load system consisting of a feedback type electronic load (12) for providing a load under corresponding test conditions for a fuel cell, a DC voltage sensor (13) and a Hall current sensor (14);

[0060] A fuel supply system for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell and having a scavenging function, comprising a hydrogen source, a nitrogen source, a hydrogen source pressure sensor (33), a nitrogen source pressure sensor (35), a hydrogen branch switch solenoid valve (32), a nitrogen branch switch solenoid valve (34), a hydrogen thermal gas mass flow meter (31), a hydrogen inlet solenoid valve (30), a stack hydrogen inlet thermocouple (29), a stack hydrogen inlet pressure sensor (28), etc.;

[0061] An air supply system for providing clean air at an appropriate pressure to a fuel cell, comprising an air compressor (24), an air compressor radiator (36), an air compressor cooling water pump (23), an air filter (37), an air supply solenoid valve (38), a stack air inlet thermocouple (25), a stack air inlet pressure sensor (26), etc.;

[0062] A cooling and heat dissipation system for dissipating heat generated by the operation of a fuel cell and maintaining a stable operating temperature, comprising a radiator cooling water outlet thermocouple (1), a radiator (2), a radiator cooling water inlet thermocouple (3), a cooling water tank liquid level sensor (4), a cooling water tank (5), a Pitot tube anemometer (6), a cooling fan and its controller (7), a Hall speed sensor (8), a PTC heater (9), a three-way valve (10), a cooling water circulation electronic water pump (11), a turbine flow meter (15), a conductivity sensor (16), a stack cooling water inlet pressure sensor (17), a stack cooling water inlet thermocouple (18), a stack cooling water inlet solenoid valve (19), a stack cooling water outlet solenoid valve (20), a stack cooling water outlet thermocouple (21), a stack cooling water outlet pressure sensor (22), etc.;

[0063] and other sensors added according to test requirements, such as a stack exhaust thermocouple (39), a stack water discharge thermocouple (40), and an ambient temperature thermocouple (41).

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, thermocouple measuring points are set at the inlet and outlet of the radiator cooling water to test the cooling water temperature in and out of the radiator. Similarly, thermocouple measuring points are set at the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell cooling water to test the cooling water temperature in and out of the fuel cell. At the same time, a turbine flowmeter is set at the outlet of the cooling water pump to test the circulation flow of the cooling water, so that the heat generated by the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell during operation and the heat dissipated through the radiator can be further quantitatively calculated and analyzed. In addition, a pressure sensor and a conductivity sensor are set near the cooling water solenoid valve in the cooling water heat dissipation cycle to ensure that the pressure and conductivity of the deionized cooling water in the cooling pipeline meet the requirements.

[0065] In this preferred embodiment, Figure 1As shown, a DC voltage sensor and a Hall current sensor are set between the power output of the fuel cell and the electronic load to test the output performance of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell in real time. At the same time, a thermal gas mass flow meter is set upstream of the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve to test the hydrogen supply, that is, the fuel consumption, which is used to calculate the total chemical energy input into the system. In this way, the power conversion efficiency and heat generation efficiency of the tested vehicle hydrogen fuel cell can be further calculated, and the energy flow of the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell can be quantitatively analyzed.

[0066] In this preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, thermocouples are set at the drainage and exhaust outlets of the fuel cell to test and record the drainage and exhaust temperatures of the stack. Thermocouples are also set in the air supply branch and the hydrogen supply branch to test and record the temperature values ​​of air and hydrogen when they enter the stack.

[0067] In this preferred embodiment, sensors that are easy to install, high in precision and good in stability are selected according to the test function requirements, performance indicators and test environment. Among them, a low-cost and highly sensitive T-type thermocouple is used as the temperature sensor for each temperature measurement point, and its test accuracy can reach ±0.4%. It has the advantages of good linearity, good stability and uniformity, and is suitable for measuring lower temperatures; a turbine flowmeter with model LGWY-50 is used to test the flow value of circulating cooling water, which has a large range, high precision and is easy to install; a thermal gas mass flowmeter with model JY-DN-25 is used to test the hydrogen flow, which does not require temperature and pressure compensation, and is convenient and accurate to measure. The sensor has no moving parts and pressure sensing parts, has good shock resistance, and has the advantages of easy installation, small size, long life and digitization; a KJT-HJCS18TY Hall speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the cooling fan. The reliability is high and the output is stable, which is easy to achieve long-distance transmission; the output voltage of the fuel cell is measured by the Weibo Electronics WBV344M05 DC voltage sensor with triple isolation between input, output and power supply. It has the characteristics of low power consumption, low drift, wide temperature range, strong anti-interference ability, etc., and adopts a card-mounted structure, terminal wiring, and easy installation; the output current of the fuel cell is measured by a Hall current sensor with high accuracy, fast response speed, easy installation and isolation of the measuring circuit and the measured circuit. The specific model is the AHKC-EKBA open-type open-loop Hall current sensor produced by Ankerui; finally, the PA5000H power analyzer manufactured by Zhiyuan Electronics is used to measure the power output of the test power supply, that is, the power consumption of the auxiliary components when the fuel cell is working.

[0068] In addition, the electronic load in this preferred embodiment uses Watson's WOCEN-EVWR-150-800 regenerative DC electronic load, which can test the output power of 0-150kW in constant power mode, and integrate the electric energy output by the fuel cell into the power grid for utilization, thereby saving energy.

[0069] In this preferred embodiment, based on the sensor selection, the data acquisition device and other hardware devices based on the virtual instrument system are selected and designed according to the results of the sensor signal type analysis, and the overall architecture design of the complete test system is completed, such as Figure 2 As shown. Among them, since the test system involved in the present invention has the need to test relevant parameters and control water pumps and the like, as well as to expand subsequent functions, the preferred embodiment uses the cRIO-9038 integrated controller and chassis produced by NI with high reliability, fast processing speed and rich interfaces, and adopts the RS-232 serial communication interface standard to realize data communication between the test system and the power analyzer; adopts the NI-9853 input and output module to realize CAN communication with the FCU; adopts the NI-9214 thermocouple input module to collect T-type thermocouple signals and complete corresponding analog-to-digital conversion and other processing work; adopts the NI-9423 digital input module to collect digital signals output by sensors and complete corresponding analog-to-digital conversion and other processing work; adopts the NI-9208 current input module to collect analog signals output by sensors and complete corresponding analog-to-digital conversion and other processing work; adopts the NI-9264 voltage output module to output control voltage to realize the speed control of the cooling fan and the PWM control of the flow of the electronic water pump.

[0070] The following briefly describes the basic test process and main test functions of the automotive hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system:

[0071] First, operate the fuel cell safely in strict accordance with the fuel cell startup operation process and start the stack warm-up process. At the same time, double-click to start the test program of the host computer. After the account password is verified, the program automatically initializes, including the loading of services such as log recording and data communication, and the setting of test parameters, test names, personnel and other test information. After the warm-up process is completed, before the test begins, check whether the various parameter indicators displayed on the host computer display interface are at normal levels. If there are no abnormalities, the test can be started.

[0072] When the test starts, the host computer issues test instructions to each actuator (fan, PTC heater, electronic water pump, air compressor and other components), and sends control instructions to make the battery stack operate under the specified test conditions.

[0073] During the test, the host computer monitoring interface displays the measured sensor data in real time, allowing the test personnel to intuitively control the main parameters of the fuel cell thermal management, and it also has an alarm function for abnormal temperature; the data display interface displays the real-time sensor data and automatically generates a historical waveform chart of each test value changing over time, intuitively reflecting the changing trend of each test parameter; the energy analysis interface automatically performs energy flow calculation and analysis every 5 seconds based on the measured temperature, flow and power data to obtain relevant energy analysis indicators in the field of fuel cell thermal management, such as total fuel input energy, stack output power, radiator heat dissipation power and energy conversion efficiency.

[0074] After observing the changes in the test data, the test personnel can set the time for recording data according to actual requirements after judging that the test conditions have reached stability. After clicking Save Data, the system will automatically count down and store the sensor test data and calculation analysis results with time stamps in a spreadsheet file for subsequent viewing and further analysis. After the countdown ends and the data is stored, the above operation can be repeated to test the data of the next condition.

[0075] On the other hand, when conducting thermal management control strategy research or efficient heat dissipation performance research experiments, testers can easily turn on or off the control function of the test system. In control mode, testers input control values ​​to the host computer to directly control the speed of the cooling fan and the circulation flow of the cooling water.

[0076] After completing all test tasks, close the valves on the fuel cell components and pipelines according to the laboratory safety operation requirements, and purge the hydrogen supply pipeline with nitrogen.

[0077] In this preferred embodiment, when the test system is working, the thermocouple, flow sensor, speed sensor and power sensor collect the measured temperature, flow and other working characteristics in the thermal management test system in real time with high precision, and read the external data information through the CAN bus and RS-232 interface, which can quantitatively analyze the heat generation of the fuel cell stack and the heat dissipation of the radiator, and can also systematically evaluate the impact of the working performance of each thermal management component on the system performance. The software program is written by LabVIEW software, which has basic human-computer interaction functions such as data acquisition and display, calculation analysis and storage, control signal output, RS-232 serial port and CAN bus communication and log recording.

[0078] In summary, this preferred embodiment of the present invention can perform thermal management tests on hydrogen fuel cells with an output power of less than 120 kW. It has reliable functions, stable operation, and good configurability. It is an important tool for testing heat-related performance parameters of hydrogen fuel cells under different operating conditions. It provides reliable testing methods and means for the optimal design and verification of hydrogen fuel cell thermal management strategies and the development and research of heat utilization and advanced thermal management technologies for automotive hydrogen fuel cell engines. It has good application prospects in the development of fuel cell thermal management technology.

[0079] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management test system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: It includes host computer, data acquisition system, vehicle hydrogen fuel cell with FCU controller, electronic load system, fuel supply system, air supply system, cooling and heat dissipation system; The FCU controller is used to collect data from the body sensor in the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell to be tested, and the host computer communicates with the FCU controller through CAN to obtain data information on the working status of the fuel cell; the vehicle hydrogen fuel cell to be tested is provided with a drainage pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, a stack cooling water outlet, a stack cooling water inlet, a fuel inlet and an air inlet; The electronic load system is connected to the output of the hydrogen fuel cell via a voltage and current sensor; The fuel supply system includes a hydrogen supply pipeline, a hydrogen source, and a nitrogen source. The hydrogen source and the nitrogen source are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline. The hydrogen source supplies reaction fuel to the hydrogen fuel cell through the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the nitrogen source is used for purging. The air supply system comprises an air supply pipeline and an air compressor arranged on the air supply pipeline, and the air supply system is used to provide clean air with a suitable pressure to the hydrogen fuel cell; The cooling and heat dissipation system is used as a cooling and heat dissipation cycle of the hydrogen fuel cell to dissipate the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working, and strictly control the working temperature of the fuel cell between 65 and 80°C, including a cooling water tank, an electronic water pump, a radiator, a fan and a fan controller, wherein: An outlet solenoid valve is provided at the cooling water outlet of the stack. The cooling water circulation pipeline after the outlet solenoid valve is divided into a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a heating circulation pipeline through a three-way valve. A radiator is provided in the heat dissipation circulation pipeline. A fan is used to apply air convection to the radiator. A PTC heater is provided in the heating circulation pipeline. The PCT heater is used to heat the stack to the working temperature during cold start. The cooling water tank is connected to the cooling and heat dissipation circulation through a pipeline to replenish cooling water. The heat dissipation circulation pipeline and the heating circulation pipeline merge at the downstream, and an electronic water pump is provided on the merged pipeline to provide power for the circulation of cooling water; the cooling water is pumped out by the electronic water pump and connected to the stack cooling water inlet through the inlet solenoid valve; The data acquisition system is used to acquire data from sensors in the test system and perform analog-to-digital conversion; The host computer is connected to the data acquisition system to record, store, display and analyze the received data and output control signals; The fan, PTC heater, electronic water pump and air compressor are powered by a test power supply, which is connected to a power analyzer to test the power consumption of each electrical component; A Hall current sensor and a DC voltage sensor are installed between the hydrogen fuel cell output and the electronic load to test the output performance of the hydrogen fuel cell, i.e., the output voltage and current; T-type thermocouples are installed at the cooling water inlet and outlet of the radiator and the cooling water inlet and outlet of the stack in the heat dissipation circulation pipeline to test the cooling water temperature in real time; T-type thermocouple measuring points are set in the hydrogen supply pipeline, air supply pipeline, drainage pipeline, exhaust pipeline and test environment to monitor and record various temperatures; Pressure sensors are provided at the outlets of the hydrogen source and the nitrogen source for purge and at the inlet of the hydrogen pipeline and the fuel cell stack of the air supply pipeline to detect the gas source pressure and the intake pressure; A thermal mass flow meter is installed between the hydrogen inlet solenoid valve of the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen branch switch battery valve to test the hydrogen consumption when the fuel cell is working; A turbine flowmeter is installed at the outlet of the electronic water pump to test the instantaneous flow of the circulating cooling water; a conductivity sensor is installed at the outlet of the electronic water pump to test the conductivity of the circulating cooling water; Install a Hall speed sensor on the fan to test the speed of the cooling fan; A Pitot tube anemometer is installed between the radiator flow channels to test the air flow velocity near the radiator.

2. The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition system uses a data acquisition system based on virtual instruments to collect various test signals, and the data acquisition system at least includes an NI-9853 input and output module, an NI-9214 thermocouple input module, an NI-9423 digital input module, an NI-9208 current input module, and an NI-9264 voltage output module; The CAN communication function between the host computer and the FCU is realized by using the NI-9853 input and output module, and the data communication function with the power analyzer is realized by using the RS-232 serial communication interface standard; The voltage signal output by the T-type thermocouple is collected by using the NI-9214 thermocouple input module and the analog-to-digital conversion is completed; The signals output by the turbine flowmeter and the Hall speed sensor are pulse digital signals, which are collected and converted into analog-to-digital signals using the NI-9423 digital input module; The signals output by the thermal mass flowmeter, DC voltage sensor, Hall current sensor and Pitot tube anemometer are 4-20mA analog signals, which are collected and converted into analog-to-digital signals using the NI-9208 current input module; The host computer outputs voltage signals to the fan controller and the electronic water pump of the cooling system to realize the speed control of the cooling fan and the PWM control of the flow rate of the electronic water pump. The host computer adopts the NI-9264 voltage output module to realize the output function of the control signal.

3. The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer collects the signals of each sensor and restores them to actual physical values, and then displays them in real time and intuitively on the monitoring interface and data display interface of the test system.

4. The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer is provided with a temperature abnormality alarm module, which issues an alarm when a certain temperature signal detected exceeds its temperature threshold range.

5. The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer draws a historical curve of each test value changing with time based on the collected data, and stores the data measured within a set time for subsequent analysis.

6. The vehicle hydrogen fuel cell thermal management test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer has an energy analysis module, which calculates the energy flow of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is working based on the temperature, flow and power data measured every 5 seconds, and obtains the fuel input power, stack output power, heat dissipation power, radiator heat dissipation power, power consumption of each electrical component and energy conversion efficiency index.

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