A flea and rodent killer and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a flea and rodenticide and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of pesticides. A flea and rodenticide of the present invention is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: active ingredient A 0.002 - 0.01%, active ingredient B 0.0002 - 0.01%, additive 1 - 60%, cereal 0 - 80%, auxiliary material 0.5 - 60%; the active ingredient A is flocoumafen; the active ingredient B is dinotefuran, clothianidin or chlorantraniliprole; the weight ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B is 1:5 - 50:1. The present invention makes the palatability of the bait excellent through compounding and synergism, and its daily average consumption is increased by 1.5 - 2 times, greatly increasing the utilization rate of rodenticide and saving manpower and material resources; in addition, the rodenticide can also kill the fleas parasitic on the rats while killing the rats, thereby reducing the spread of diseases and filling the market gap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a flea and mouse killer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of pesticides. Background Art

[0002] Mice are small in size, have a miscellaneous diet, can adapt to various harsh environmental conditions, and have a very strong reproductive ability, becoming the largest group among mammals and being distributed all over the world. At present, mouse infestations have caused huge negative impacts on human production and life. They not only reduce agricultural yields, consume a large amount of agricultural and sideline products, damage and consume industrial and water conservancy facilities, but also pose a serious threat to ecological systems such as forests and grasslands. Mice can spread diseases, pollute the environment, and threaten human health and life safety. Mice can transmit more than 30 diseases to humans, including highly harmful diseases such as the plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and leptospirosis. At the same time, mice are the original hosts of fleas. These fleas parasitize in the fur of mice and live by sucking blood. If a cat or dog catches a mouse with fleas, it will also be infected and become a new host of the fleas. Fleas are the origin of the generation and spread of various diseases and can spread dangerous diseases such as louse-borne typhus, the plague, and relapsing fever. It carries more than 40 pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, poliomyelitis virus, and Aspergillus flavus, and its secretions and feces also contain various carcinogens, seriously threatening human health. Currently, the existing rodenticides have a single function, and the bait blocks are still not delicious enough for rodents, unable to ensure their lasting interest in the bait, and must be fed in large quantities, with a low utilization rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an environmentally friendly and efficient agent that has no resistance to mice and can kill fleas, and is economical and convenient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects of the existing rodenticides with a single function and poor effects, and to propose a flea and mouse killer and a preparation method thereof, so as to kill fleas while killing mice and fill the market gap.

[0004] The present invention first provides a mouse and flea killer, and specifically solves the technical problems through the following technical solutions: A flea and mouse killer is composed of the following components in weight percentages:

[0005] Active ingredient A 0.002 - 0.01%,

[0006] Active ingredient B 0.0002 - 0.01%,

[0007] Additive 1 - 60%,

[0008] Grain 0 - 80%

[0009] Auxiliary material 0.5 - 60%

[0010] The active ingredient A is flocoumafen;

[0011] The active ingredient B is dinotefuran, clothianidin or chlorantraniliprole;

[0012] The weight ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B is 1:5 - 50:1.

[0013] The dosage of the active ingredient A is 0.003 - 0.008%, and the preferred dosage is 0.005%.

[0014] The weight ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B is 5:2, and the more preferred ratio is 2:1.

[0015] The additives are sweeteners, excipients, preservatives, antioxidants, bittering agents, animal and plant fats / oils, and warning pigments.

[0016] The sweetener is at least one of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch sugar, lactose, stevioside, licorice, disodium glycyrrhizinate, xylose, and sodium saccharin.

[0017] The excipient is at least one of starch, polyether, gum arabic, polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, maltodextrin, trehalose, petrolatum, glycerin, and industrial paraffin.

[0018] The preservative is at least one of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt, and parabens;

[0019] The antioxidant is at least one of vitamin E, lutein, lutein, and β - carotene;

[0020] The bittering agent is a chemical preparation added to the product to make its taste or smell bitter. It is an aversive agent widely used to prevent people from inhaling or ingesting toxic and harmful substances and is a very effective deterrent for children and animals. Usually, the use concentration of bitrex is extremely low (0.0001 - 0.002%), which does not increase the product cost but can endow the product with safety and functionality at the same time.

[0021] The animal and plant fats / oils are at least one of lard, fish oil, butter, beef tallow, soybean fat, peanut butter, cocoa butter, corn oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil, palm oil, etc.;

[0022] The warning pigment is one of monascus red, sorghum red, carmine, tartrazine, sunset yellow, indigo or brilliant blue. The purpose of adding the warning pigment is to significantly mark the bait to avoid being accidentally eaten by humans or non - target animals, and the warning pigment can also be used to detect the ingestion of the bait in the feces or vomit of rodent pests.

[0023] The sweetener is a composite sugar of glucose and fructose with a weight ratio of 2:1; the preservative is potassium sorbate, dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt or β-carotene with a weight percentage of 0.2 - 5%; the animal and vegetable fat / oil is fish oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil or palm oil; the warning pigment is indigo or brilliant blue, as blue is particularly suitable for deterring birds.

[0024] The cereal is at least one of paddy rice, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, oats, buckwheat, beans; the cereal is processed into crushed grains, coarse flour or flour.

[0025] By adding appropriate additives and the compound synergistic effect of rodenticides and insecticides, the present invention well increases the palatability of the bait, improves the rodenticidal effect of the bait, and at the same time can kill the fleas carried on the rats.

[0026] The present invention further provides a preparation method of the flea and rodent killer, comprising the following steps:

[0027] The first step: dissolve the active ingredient A in ethanol, then add talcum powder mixed with brilliant blue pigment, stir evenly and dry to obtain the mother powder of the active ingredient A for standby;

[0028] The second step: evenly stir the mother powder of the active ingredient A, the active ingredient B, the cereal, and the additive, then add auxiliary materials and mix evenly, and obtain the product by casting, extrusion or granulation.

[0029] In the first step of the above method, 0.5 g of flocoumafen is dissolved in 10 - 30% ethanol, and then added in batches to 99.5 g of talcum powder mixed with 0.1 - 1% brilliant blue, stirred evenly, and dried to obtain 0.5% mother powder for standby; in the second step, 0.5% flocoumafen mother powder, the active ingredient B, the cereal, the additive and the auxiliary materials are fully mixed and stirred evenly, and the final preparation product is made by casting, extrusion or granulation. The dosage forms of the flea and rodent killer include wax blocks, powders, granules, ointments; preferably wax blocks.

[0030] The present invention provides a composite preparation with both rodenticidal and flea-killing functions, which is composed of the effective rodenticidal ingredient flocoumafen and systemic and stomach poison insecticides. Through compound synergistic effect, the palatability of the poisoned bait is good, and its daily average consumption is increased by 1.5 - 2 times, greatly increasing the utilization rate of rodenticides and saving manpower and material resources; in addition, this rodenticide can also kill the fleas parasitic on the rats while killing the rats, thus reducing the spread of diseases and filling the market gap. Specific embodiments

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should recognize that the present invention covers all alternative solutions, improvement solutions, and equivalent solutions that may be included within the scope of the claims.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified in the following embodiments, the “%” involved is “weight percentage”. Embodiment

[0033] Preparation Example 1

[0034] Preparation of flocoumafen mother powder:

[0035] Add 0.5 g of bright blue pigment to 99 g of talcum powder and stir evenly. Then add 10 g of ethanol solution containing 0.5 g of flocoumafen and stir well. Dry to obtain a blue powder with a flocoumafen content of 0.5%, that is, flocoumafen mother powder, and reserve it for use as the flocoumafen mother powder in the following preparation examples, which will not be repeated in the following examples.

[0036] Preparation Example 2

[0037] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method, the raw materials of which are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1.0% of flocoumafen mother powder, 26.0% of corn grits, 6.0% of corn flour, 22.0% of flour, 8.0% of glutinous rice flour, 4.0% of glucose, 2.0% of fructose, 1.0% of potassium sorbate, 1.0% of vitamin E, 0.5% of indigo, 10 ppm of benzalkonium sodium, and paraffin is made up to 100%. Heat the paraffin to make a wax liquid, and then fully mix and stir the wax liquid and other components according to the above formula ratio, and then load them into a molding device to press and obtain the finished flocoumafen wax block.

[0038] Preparation Example 3 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the flocoumafen mother powder is 0.4%.

[0039] Preparation Example 4 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the flocoumafen mother powder is 0.2%.

[0040] Preparation Example 5 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the flocoumafen mother powder is 2.0%.

[0041] Preparation Example 6 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the flocoumafen mother powder is 3.0%.

[0042] Preparation Example 7 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the sweetener is 6.0% of glucose.

[0043] Preparation Example 8 is the same as Preparation Example 2 except that the sweetener is 6.0% of fructose.

[0044] Preparation Example 9 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient dinotefuran (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:2), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2.

[0045] Preparation Example 10 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient dinotefuran (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:5), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0046] Preparation Example 11 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient dinotefuran (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:10), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0047] Preparation Example 12 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient dinotefuran (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:1), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0048] Preparation Example 13 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient dinotefuran (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 2:1), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0049] Preparation Example 14 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient clothianidin (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:2), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0050] Preparation Example 15 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient clothianidin (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:5), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0051] Preparation Example 16 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient clothianidin (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:10), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0052] Preparation Example 17 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient clothianidin (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:1), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0053] Preparation Example 18 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient clothianidin (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 2:1), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0054] Preparation Example 19 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient chlorantraniliprole (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:2), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0055] Preparation Example 20 Except for adding the insecticidal active ingredient chlorantraniliprole (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the warfarin technical is 1:5), the rest is the same as Preparation Example 2

[0056] Preparation Example 21: The same as Preparation Example 2, except that the insecticidal active ingredient chlorantraniliprole is added (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the difenacoum technical is 1:10).

[0057] Preparation Example 22: The same as Preparation Example 2, except that the insecticidal active ingredient chlorantraniliprole is added (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the difenacoum technical is 1:1).

[0058] Preparation Example 23: The same as Preparation Example 2, except that the insecticidal active ingredient chlorantraniliprole is added (where the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to the difenacoum technical is 2:1).

[0059] Preparation Example 24

[0060] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method, the raw materials of which are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1.0% of difenacoum mother powder, dinotefuran (weight ratio to difenacoum technical is 1:2), 35% of vaseline, 8% of glycerol, 2% of gelatin, 3% of vegetable oil, 6.0% of glucose, 3.0% of fructose, 1.5% of potassium sorbate, 1.2% of vitamin E, 0.8% of indigo, 2% of sorbitol, 5 ppm of benzethonium chloride, and water is added to make up to 100%. The above components are fully mixed evenly, sterilized at high temperature, and cooled and molded to obtain the finished difenacoum paste.

[0061] Preparation Example 25: The same as Preparation Example 24, except that the insecticidal active ingredient is clothianidin.

[0062] Preparation Example 26: The same as Preparation Example 24, except that the insecticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole.

[0063] Preparation Example 27

[0064] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method, the raw materials of which are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1.0% of difenacoum mother powder, dinotefuran (weight ratio to difenacoum technical is 1:2), 30.0% of corn grits, 17.8% of corn flour, 18.0% of flour, 12.0% of glutinous rice flour, 6.0% of glucose, 3.0% of fructose, 1.0% of potassium sorbate, 0.8% of vitamin E, 0.2% of indigo, 5 ppm of benzethonium chloride, and 0.2% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The above components are fully mixed evenly, water is added to make up to 100%, stirred, extruded and shaped, and dried to obtain the finished difenacoum granule.

[0065] Preparation Example 28: The same as Preparation Example 27, except that the insecticidal active ingredient is clothianidin.

[0066] Preparation Example 29: The same as Preparation Example 27, except that the insecticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole.

[0067] Preparation Example 30

[0068] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method. The raw materials consist of the following components in parts by weight: 1.0% of flocoumafen mother powder, dinotefuran (weight ratio to flocoumafen technical is 1:2), 15% of corn flour, 10% of wheat flour, 5% of glutinous rice flour, 5% of glucose, 1.0% of potassium sorbate, 0.5% of vitamin E, 0.2% of indigo carmine, 6 ppm of benzyldimethylammonium chloride, and diatomaceous earth to make up 100%. Mix and grind the above components to obtain the finished flocoumafen powder product.

[0069] Preparation Example 31: Except that the insecticidal active ingredient is clothianidin, the rest is the same as Preparation Example 26.

[0070] Preparation Example 32: Except that the insecticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole, the rest is the same as Preparation Example 26.

[0071] Preparation Example 33

[0072] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method. The raw materials consist of the following components in parts by weight: 0.0025% of dinotefuran, 26.0% of corn residue, 6.0% of corn flour, 22.0% of wheat flour, 8.0% of glutinous rice flour, 4.0% of glucose, 2.0% of fructose, 0.4% of potassium sorbate, 1.0% of vitamin E, 0.5% of indigo carmine, 10 ppm of benzyldimethylammonium chloride, and paraffin to make up 100%. Heat the paraffin to make a wax liquid, then mix and stir the wax liquid and other components evenly according to the above formula ratio, and load them into a molding device to press to obtain the finished flocoumafen wax block.

[0073] Preparation Example 34: Except that the insecticidal active ingredient is clothianidin, the rest is the same as Preparation Example 33.

[0074] Preparation Example 35: Except that the insecticidal active ingredient is chlorantraniliprole, the rest is the same as Preparation Example 33.

[0075] Blank Example

[0076] A flea and rodenticide and its preparation method. The raw materials consist of the following components in parts by weight: 26.0% of corn residue, 6.0% of corn flour, 22.0% of wheat flour, 8.0% of glutinous rice flour, 6.0% of glucose, 3.0% of fructose, 1.0% of potassium sorbate, 1.0% of vitamin E, 0.5% of indigo carmine, 10 ppm of benzyldimethylammonium chloride, and paraffin to make up 100%. Heat the paraffin to make a wax liquid, then mix and stir the wax liquid and other components evenly according to the above formula ratio, and load them into a molding device to press to obtain the finished wax block.

[0077] Application Example 1: Palatability and control effect test of different concentrations of flocoumafen baits on rats

[0078] Test method:

[0079] Detection environmental conditions: Temperature: 20 ± 2 °C, relative humidity 50% ± 4%; Mouse cage model: 0.5 m × 0.4 m × 0.3 m;

[0080] Test insects: SD rats, 200 g ± 20 g; For each bait test, there are 10 target rats, with 5 males and 5 females.

[0081] Test method:

[0082] Provide experimental bait using a food box. Place paper under the cage. When checking consumption, collect the bait that has leaked onto the paper and weigh it together with the remaining bait in the food box. The bait box and the control box are placed symmetrically in the cage with a certain distance so that the leaked bait does not get mixed. Weigh before the test, identify male and female, and number the mouse cages. First, feed the test rats with the control bait until all rats have eaten. Randomly group the test rats by body weight (separating males and females) and conduct a 7-day feeding test. Weigh the consumed bait amount every day and replace with new bait, and at the same time, swap the positions of the food boxes. After 7 days, transfer the surviving rats to a clean mouse cage for normal feeding and observation for 14 days, and record the death dates.

[0083] Evaluate the influence of different concentrations of flocoumafen on the palatability of the bait and the effect through the feeding coefficient and the death ratio of the test rats.

[0084] Test 1: Put the wax blocks obtained from Preparation Examples 2 - 8 (active ingredient: flocoumafen) and the wax block of the blank example into the mouse cage at the same time for a selective feeding test to measure the palatability and killing effect. The results are as follows:

[0085] Table 1 Palatability and control effect test of different concentrations of flocoumafen bait:

[0086]

[0087] Note: * g / rat / day

[0088] From the data in the above table (Preparation Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), it can be seen that as the content of flocoumafen increases, its palatability becomes worse. When the content of flocoumafen is 0.002 - 0.01%, the mortality rate of the test rats reaches 80% and above; among them, when the content of flocoumafen is 0.005%, it is the best.

[0089] From the data in the above table (Preparation Examples 2, 7, 8), it can be seen that when the sweetener is a composite sugar composed of glucose and fructose in a ratio of 2:1, the effect is the best.

[0090] Test 2: Put the wax blocks obtained from the preparation examples (active ingredients: flocoumafen and insecticide) and the wax block of the blank example into the mouse cage at the same time for a selective feeding test to measure the palatability and killing effect. The test results are shown in Tables 2 - 4 below.

[0091] The synergistic effect after adding the insecticidal active ingredient is mainly evaluated by the synergistic multiple of the death ratio of the test mice and the feeding coefficient.

[0092] Synergistic multiple = Feeding coefficient of the bait containing the insecticidal ingredient / Feeding coefficient of the bait without the insecticidal ingredient

[0093] Table 2 Comparative test on palatability and control effect of flocoumafen / dinotefuran flea and rodent control bait:

[0094]

[0095] Table 3 Comparative test on palatability and control effect of flocoumafen / clothianidin flea and rodent control bait:

[0096]

[0097] Table 4 Comparative test on palatability and control effect of flocoumafen / chlorantraniliprole flea and rodent control bait:

[0098]

[0099] Note: * g / rat / day

[0100] The test results show that: adding the insecticidal active ingredient to the blank wax block makes the palatability worse and the wax block has no rodent control effect; adding the insecticidal active ingredient to the flocoumafen wax block, when the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to flocoumafen is lower than 1:5, the synergistic effect is not obvious; when the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to flocoumafen is greater than or equal to 1:1, the palatability is poor, it is easy to be refused to eat, and the rodent control effect is less than 80%; when the weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient to flocoumafen is 1:2, the synergistic effect on palatability is obvious, which can reach more than 1.8 times, and the effect is the best.

[0101] Application Example 2: Indoor efficacy test for controlling fleas

[0102] Test method:

[0103] Detection environmental conditions: Temperature: 20 ± 2°C, relative humidity 50% ± 4%; Square box model: 0.3m × 0.3m × 0.3m;

[0104] Test insects: SD rats, 200g ± 20g; for each bait test, 6 target rats, 3 males and 3 females; 50 unfed adult fleas.

[0105] Test method:

[0106] First, feed the test mice with mouse feed for two days. Weigh the consumption amount every day and replace the feed with new ones. On the second day, those mice that eat too little feed (less than 1 / 5 of the average bait intake of all test mice) will be eliminated. Randomly group and number the test mice according to their body weights (separate males and females), and put them into a glass square box containing 50 fleas. Start providing poisoned bait in a food box and replace the bait with new ones every day. After the rats die, check the number of dead fleas. Repeat the experiment 6 times and set a blank control.

[0107] Table 6 Results of the test on killing fleas with the flea and mouse killing wax block (mortality rate %):

[0108]

[0109] The test results show that the single-dose flocoumafen without insecticidal components (Preparation Example 2) does not have the effect of killing fleas; when the addition amount of the insecticidal active component is 1:5 - 1:1 of the flocoumafen content, the rats die 4 - 6 days after eating the poisoned bait, and at this time, the flea mortality rate reaches more than 85%.

[0110] In summary, adding insecticidal active components dinotefuran, clothianidin or chlorantraniliprole to the rodenticide flocoumafen has a significant synergistic effect on the palatability of the rodenticide. Preferably, when the flocoumafen content is 0.005% and the content of the insecticidal active component is 1:2 of the flocoumafen content, the synergistic multiple can reach 1.8. Preferably, the sweetener of this composition is a composite sugar of glucose and fructose with a ratio of 2:1. At the same time, the composition of the present invention also has the effect of killing fleas. While killing rats, it can also kill the fleas parasitizing on them, greatly reducing the diseases transmitted by fleas and ensuring the safety of human life and property.

[0111] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A flea and rodenticide is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 1.0% of flocoumafen mother powder, chlorantraniliprole, 26.0% of corn grits, 6.0% of corn flour, 22.0% of flour, 8.0% of glutinous rice flour, 4.0% of glucose, 2.0% of fructose, 1.0% of potassium sorbate, 1.0% of vitamin E, 0.5% of indigo, 10 ppm of denatonium benzoate, and paraffin is added to make up to 100%. The flocoumafen mother powder is prepared by adding 0.5 g of bright blue pigment to 99 g of talc powder, stirring evenly, then adding 10 g of ethanol solution containing 0.5 g of flocoumafen, stirring well, and drying to obtain a blue powder with a flocoumafen content of 0.5%. The weight ratio of the insecticidal active ingredient of chlorantraniliprole to the original drug of flocoumafen is 1:

2.

2. The preparation method of the flea and rodenticide according to claim 1 includes the following steps: Step 1: Dissolve the flocoumafen in ethanol, then add talcum powder mixed with brilliant blue pigment, stir evenly and dry to obtain the flocoumafen mother powder for standby. Step 2: Stir the flocoumafen mother powder, active ingredient B, grains, and additives evenly, then add excipients and mix well, and obtain the product by casting, extrusion or granulation.

3. The preparation method of the flea and rodenticide according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the first step, dissolve 0.5 g of flocoumafen in 10 - 30% ethanol, then add 99.5 g of talcum powder mixed with 0.1 - 1% brilliant blue in batches, stir evenly, and dry to obtain 0.5% mother powder for standby; in the second step, mix 0.5% flocoumafen mother powder, chlorantraniliprole, grains, additives and excipients in proportion and stir evenly, and make the final preparation product by casting, extrusion or granulation.

4. The preparation method of the flea and rodenticide according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The dosage form of the product is wax block, powder, granule or paste.

Images