A feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, as well as its preparation method and application. The present invention comprises the following components: 29.5-30.5% bait powder, 24.5-25.5% methyl farnesate, 9.5-10.5% schizochytrium powder, 9.5-10.5% Porphyridium powder, 7-8% 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, 9.5-10.5% linseed oil, and 7-8% alanine hydroxamic acid; the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5. The present invention also provides a preparation method for the above-mentioned feed additive. The feed additive of the present invention is added to conventional shrimp feed to prepare a compound shrimp feed for feeding the first batch of spawning shrimp of red claw crayfish. The present invention can significantly promote the gonadal development of spawning shrimp of red claw crayfish, rapidly mature their ovaries in a short period of time, improve the spawning rate of spawning shrimp obtained therefrom, and thereby increase the supply of shrimp fry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular relates to a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The breeding and rearing process for red claw crayfish is as follows: In October each year, broodstock are brought into a greenhouse for overwintering until the following year. Mating typically begins in February, and the first batch of broodstock are harvested a month later. After 15-40 days, these broodstock become the first broodstock, producing the first batch of fry. This first batch of fry has a wide time span and large size variations, requiring cultivation in greenhouses due to the lower water temperature in the outdoor ponds. The first broodstock continue to be reared and mate a second time. A month later, the second batch of broodstock are harvested. After 20-30 days, these broodstock become the first broodstock, producing the second batch of fry. This second batch of fry is more uniform in size and can be directly released into outdoor ponds. A single female can mate and spawn three or more times during the breeding and rearing cycle. However, the third and fourth batches of broodstock produce smaller fry due to their late emergence, resulting in lower fry quality. Therefore, the success or failure of red claw crayfish breeding and seed raising mainly depends on the egg-carrying and reproduction of the first two batches of egg-carrying shrimp. The first batch of egg-carrying shrimp are the result of mating after a long wintering of parent shrimp. There are many influencing factors, and the effect of rapid ovarian maturation through nutritional supplementation is uneven; the second batch of egg-carrying shrimp are the result of re-mating of empty shrimp. Feeding appropriate feed during this relatively shorter period of time can promote the rapid maturation of the red claw crayfish's ovaries, thereby increasing the egg-carrying rate of egg-carrying shrimp.

[0003] Existing feeds for red claw crayfish are primarily designed to provide nutrients to promote their rapid growth. For example, Chinese patent CN101011110A discloses a red claw crayfish feed comprising 8-12% imported fish meal, 42-52% soybean meal, 2-4% cuttlefish meal, 2-4% rapeseed meal, 2-4% cottonseed meal, 18-24% No. 4 flour, 2-3% fish oil, 2-3% soybean oil, 1-2% soybean phosphorus, 3-4% A-starch, 2-3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25-0.75% cholesterol, 0.5-1.5% choline chloride, and the remainder of additives including multivitamins, multiminerals, and beneficial micro-preparations. This red claw crayfish feed has high nutritional value, a low feed conversion factor, and is safe and reliable to use. Red claw crayfish fed with this feed grow quickly, have a high survival rate, a high yield, and grow in large sizes. Furthermore, it offers low production costs and is easily marketable. However, this red claw crayfish feed has poor targeting and fails to promote ovarian maturation in red claw crayfish. It is unable to rapidly mature the ovaries of the first batch of spawning crayfish within a short period of time, resulting in a low egg-holding rate and insufficient shrimp seed supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, a preparation method and an application thereof, aiming to solve the problem that the red claw crayfish feed in the prior art has poor pertinence and cannot enable the ovaries of the first batch of empty shrimps of the red claw crayfish to mature quickly in a short period of time, thereby resulting in a low spawning rate and insufficient supply of shrimp fry.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 29.5-30.5% bait powder, 24.5-25.5% methyl farnesate, 9.5-10.5% schizochytrium powder, 9.5-10.5% Porphyridium powder, 7-8% 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, 9.5-10.5% linseed oil, and 7-8% alanine hydroxamic acid; the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5.

[0007] The feed additive of the present invention uses bait powder composed of nereid powder and squid viscera powder and methyl farnesate as main ingredients. Nereid powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Methyl farnesate is a sesquiterpene hormone. 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in multiple physiological processes of crustaceans. Nereid powder, methyl farnesate and 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate are organically compounded and synergistically act to quickly improve the gonad development of empty shrimps. Some sex hormones or sterols contained in the squid viscera powder, and taurine in the squid viscera powder are organically matched with alanine hydroxamic acid, schizochytrium powder and Porphyridium powder, which can effectively induce the production of yolk substances. The invention discloses a novel feed additive which can promote the production and accumulation of nutrients, enhance the nutrient penetration in cells, improve the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promote nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, it enriches the nutritional structure of feed additives, promotes the interaction between the various components, and improves the stability of feed additives; this feed additive can also promote the feeding and bait-taking behavior of red claw crayfish to a great extent, improve the palatability and utilization rate of compound shrimp feed, significantly promote the gonad development of red claw crayfish, accelerate the maturation of gonads, make the ovaries of red claw crayfish mature quickly in a short time, improve the egg-carrying rate of the resulting egg-carrying shrimp, and thus increase the supply of shrimp fry.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: taking alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water at 0-5°C, mixing the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and adding them to the deionized water, wherein the amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride used is 50% of the weight of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the amount of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride used is 30% of the weight of the deionized water, and stirring to mix evenly; adding sodium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, and reacting at 20-40°C for 3-12 hours; cooling to 0-5°C, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38%, wherein the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid added is 80% of the mass of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, acidifying for 30-60 minutes, precipitating, filtering, and drying at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid. In the present invention, alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride are directly purchased, and alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride are reacted to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid; alanine hydroxamic acid is a derivative of carboxylic acid, and contains both a carbonyl group and an oxime group; the oxime group has oxygen and nitrogen atoms positioned close to each other, and these two atoms have lone pairs of electrons, which endow the hydroxamic acid polymer with strong chelating ability; therefore, alanine hydroxamic acid has the effects of enhancing immunity, promoting animal growth, relieving stress, preventing diseases, and maintaining intestinal nutritional physiology.

[0009] In the present invention, sandworm powder, squid viscera powder, methyl farnesate, schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium crusgalli powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid cooperate with each other. Schizochytrium crusgalli powder can synthesize docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is considered to be a microorganism with great potential for industrial production of docosahexaenoic acid, and can provide shrimp with DHA required for gonadal development, thereby accelerating the gonadal development of shrimp; Porphyridium crusgalli powder is rich in arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). ARA, as a precursor of prostaglandins, can stimulate the production of endogenous testosterone and indirectly promote the gonadal development of crustaceans; 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate is involved in multiple physiological processes such as crustacean pigment migration, reproductive activity, molting activity, skeletal muscle contraction, blood sugar concentration, etc., and its application in shrimp can increase the gonad index and egg cell diameter, etc., and promote the release of gonadotropin.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the bait powder is a mixture of nereid powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. In the present invention, nereid powder and squid viscera powder are used as bait powder. Nereid powder is obtained by sterilizing, drying and crushing nereids, and squid viscera powder is obtained by sterilizing, drying and crushing squid viscera. At the same time, nereid powder contains nutrients such as amino acids and trace elements, and squid viscera powder contains nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron and phosphorus. This feed additive also increases the content of protein, amino acids and trace elements in compound shrimp feed.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, comprising the following steps: 1) taking bait powder, methyl farnesate, schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium cruentum powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and alanine hydroxamic acid, mixing and stirring to obtain a primary mixture; 2) taking linseed oil, adding it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stirring and mixing until uniform, to obtain a mixture; 3) adding deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2), wherein the amount of deionized water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stirring to obtain a primary mixture; 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender, stirring at a stirring speed of 100-200 r / min for 2-4 minutes, to obtain a mixture; and 5) placing the mixture obtained in step 4) in a grinder, extruding, drying, and crushing to obtain a feed additive.

[0012] The present invention discloses a method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish. The method comprises first mixing bait powder, methyl farnesate, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and alanine hydroxamic acid, then adding linseed oil. The mixture is extruded into small particles under the action of deionized water, and then dried and pulverized to obtain a feed additive powder. Linseed oil has a combined crude protein, fat, and total sugar content of up to 84.07%, and contains a full range of amino acids, including 5.16% essential amino acids, making it a plant protein with high nutritional value. Furthermore, the addition of linseed oil to the additive improves its stability and prevents oxidative degradation. During the stirring, extrusion, and drying processes of the primary mixture, the components fully interact with each other, enhancing the interaction between the components and achieving a synergistic effect, thereby improving the overall performance of the feed additive. This preparation method is simple, easy to operate, requires mild conditions, requires no special equipment, and is easily industrialized.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, in step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60 rpm and the stirring time is 5-10 minutes. During the preparation of the mixture, stirring is generally performed in one direction, for example, clockwise, to fully disperse the linseed oil in the primary mixture and achieve uniform mixing, thereby facilitating the full effect of the linseed oil.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, in step 5), the drying is carried out at room temperature for 10-20 hours. The drying process of the present invention is usually air drying, which has low energy consumption, does not affect the internal components of the feed additive, and is easy to operate.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, in step 5), the moisture content of the feed additive is 6-8%. The feed additive of the present invention is a powder. After drying, the feed additive has a low moisture content, is convenient for storage, and is easy to use. The drying process is controlled by the moisture content of the feed additive, which is accurate and easy to implement.

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention provides a use of a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, wherein the feed additive is added to shrimp feed, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the shrimp feed is 20-40% to obtain a compound shrimp feed, and the compound shrimp feed is used to feed the first batch of spawning shrimp of red claw crayfish.

[0017] The feed additive obtained by the present invention can quickly improve the gonad development of the empty-laying shrimps of the red claw crayfish, effectively induce the production and accumulation of yolk substances, make the ovaries of the empty-laying shrimps of the red claw crayfish mature quickly in a short period of time, improve the fertilization rate of the brooding shrimps obtained therefrom, and thus increase the supply of shrimp fry. The feed additive is particularly suitable for empty-laying shrimps of the red claw crayfish that have laid eggs once, also known as the second fertilization process of the red claw crayfish.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the compound shrimp feed is fed twice daily, with a daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish. The feed additive of the present invention is used in combination with conventional shrimp feed, which is convenient to feed, uses a small amount of feed additive, and has a significant effect. This conventional shrimp feed is an existing shrimp feed, for example: Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed, which includes fish meal, soybean meal, yeast powder, vitamins and minerals, wherein the crude protein content is ≥40%, the crude fiber content is ≤5%, the crude ash content is ≤18%, the crude fat content is ≥3%, the total phosphorus content is ≥1%, the lysine content is ≥2%, and the moisture content is ≤12%.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the feed additive of the present invention uses bait powder composed of nereid powder and squid viscera powder and methyl farnesate as main ingredients, nereid powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, methyl farnesate is a sesquiterpene hormone, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate participates in multiple physiological processes of crustaceans, nereid powder is organically compounded with methyl farnesate and 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and the synergistic effect can quickly improve the gonadal development of empty shrimp; some sex hormones or sterols contained in the squid viscera powder, and the taurine in the squid viscera powder is organically matched with alanine hydroxamic acid, schizochytrium powder and Porphyridium powder, which can have It effectively induces the production and accumulation of yolk substances, enhances nutrient penetration in cells, improves the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promotes nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, it enriches the nutritional structure of the feed additive, promotes the interaction between the various components, and improves the stability of the feed additive; this feed additive can also promote the foraging and feeding behavior of red claw crayfish to a large extent, improve the palatability and utilization rate of compound shrimp feed, significantly promote the gonad development of red claw crayfish, accelerate gonad maturation, make the ovaries of red claw crayfish mature quickly in a short period of time, improve the egg-carrying rate of the resulting egg-carrying shrimp, and thus increase the supply of shrimp fry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The invention discloses a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 29.5-30.5% of bait powder, 24.5-25.5% of methyl farnesate, 9.5-10.5% of schizochytrium powder, 9.5-10.5% of Porphyridium powder, 7-8% of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, 9.5-10.5% of linseed oil, and 7-8% of alanine hydroxamic acid; the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5.

[0022] Preferably, the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: taking alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water at 0-5°C, mixing the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and adding them to the deionized water, wherein the amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride used is 50% of the weight of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the amount of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride used is 30% of the weight of the deionized water, stirring and mixing uniformly; adding sodium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, reacting at 20-40°C for 3-12h; cooling to 0-5°C, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38%, wherein the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid added is 80% of the mass of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, acidifying for 30-60min, precipitating, filtering, and drying at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid.

[0023] Preferably, the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0024] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0025] 1) taking bait powder, methyl farnesate, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid, mixing and stirring to obtain a primary mixture;

[0026] 2) adding linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring and mixing until uniform, to obtain a mixture;

[0027] 3) adding deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) in an amount of 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stirring to obtain a primary mixture;

[0028] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 100-200 r / min for 2-4 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0029] 5) placing the mixture obtained in step 4) in a grinder, extruding, drying, and crushing to obtain a feed additive.

[0030] Preferably, in step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60 r / min and the stirring time is 5-10 min.

[0031] Preferably, in step 5), the drying is carried out at room temperature for 10-20 hours.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 5), the moisture content of the feed additive is 6-8%.

[0033] The invention discloses an application of a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish. The feed additive is added to shrimp feed, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the shrimp feed is 20-40% to obtain a compound shrimp feed. The compound shrimp feed is used for feeding the first batch of spawning shrimps of red claw crayfish.

[0034] Preferably, the compound shrimp feed is fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) 295 g of bait powder, 245 g of methyl farnesate, 95 g of Schizochytrium powder, 105 g of Porphyridium cruentum powder, 80 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and 80 g of alanine hydroxamic acid were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture;

[0038] The bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1, and alanine hydroxamic acid is prepared from alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under the action of alkali and acid;

[0039] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring and mixing until uniform, to obtain a mixture;

[0040] 3) Adding 100 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stirring to obtain a primary mixture;

[0041] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 100 r / min for 4 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0042] 5) placing the mixture obtained in step 4) in a grinder, extruding, drying, and crushing to obtain a feed additive.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0045] 1) 305 g of bait powder, 255 g of methyl farnesate, 105 g of Schizochytrium powder, 95 g of Porphyridium cruentum powder, 70 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and 75 g of alanine hydroxamic acid were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture;

[0046] Among them, the bait powder is a mixture of sandworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4:5, and the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: at 0°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1000g of deionized water, mix the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and add them to the deionized water, stir and mix evenly; add 300g of sodium hydroxide, react at 20°C for 12h; cool to 5°C, add 240g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36%, acidify for 60min, precipitate, filter, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

[0047] 2) Add 95 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), and stir at 30 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixture.

[0048] 3) Add 150 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0049] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 200 r / min for 2 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0050] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) is placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 10 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0053] 1) 300 g of bait powder, 250 g of methyl farnesate, 100 g of Schizochytrium powder, 100 g of Porphyridium powder, 75 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and 70 g of alanine hydroxamic acid were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture;

[0054] Among them, the bait powder is a mixture of sandworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 6:5, and the preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: at 5°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1000g of deionized water, mix the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and add them to the deionized water, stir and mix evenly; add 300g of sodium hydroxide, react at 40°C for 3h; cool to 0°C, add 240g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 38%, acidify for 30min, precipitate, filter, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

[0055] 2) Add 105 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), and stir clockwise at 60 rpm for 5 min to obtain a mixture.

[0056] 3) Add 120 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0057] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0058] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) is placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 20 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0061] 1) 300 g of bait powder, 250 g of methyl farnesate, 100 g of Schizochytrium powder, 100 g of Porphyridium powder, 75 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and 75 g of alanine hydroxamic acid were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture;

[0062] The bait powder is a mixture of sandworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. The preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: at 3°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1000g of deionized water, mix the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add them to the deionized water, stir and mix evenly; add 300g of sodium hydroxide, react at 30°C for 8h; cool to 3°C, add 240g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 37%, acidify for 50min, precipitate, filter, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

[0063] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0064] 3) Add 120 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0065] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0066] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) is placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] The method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0069] 1) 296 g of bait powder, 253 g of methyl farnesate, 102 g of Schizochytrium powder, 98 g of Porphyridium cruentum powder, 77 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and 78 g of alanine hydroxamic acid were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture;

[0070] The bait powder is a mixture of sandworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. The preparation method of alanine hydroxamic acid is as follows: at 3°C, take 300g of alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, 150g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1000g of deionized water, mix the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, add them to the deionized water, stir and mix evenly; add 300g of sodium hydroxide, react at 30°C for 8h; cool to 3°C, add 240g of concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 37%, acidify for 50min, precipitate, filter, and dry at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid;

[0071] 2) Add 96 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), and stir clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min to obtain a mixture.

[0072] 3) Add 130 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0073] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0074] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) is placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] A method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish comprises the following steps:

[0077] 1) Take 300g of bait powder and 100g of linseed oil, where the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1, add it to the primary mixture obtained in step 1), stir clockwise at a speed of 50r / min for 7min, mix well, and obtain a mixture;

[0078] 3) Add 48 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0079] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0080] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) was placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive, i.e., control sample 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] A method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish comprises the following steps:

[0083] 1) Take 300 g of bait powder and 250 g of methyl farnesate, mix and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0084] The bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1;

[0085] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0086] 3) Add 78 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0087] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0088] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) was placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive, i.e., control sample 2.

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] A method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish comprises the following steps:

[0091] 1) 300 g of bait powder, 250 g of methyl farnesate, and 100 g of Schizochytrium powder were mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture. The bait powder was a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0092] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0093] 3) Add 90 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0094] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0095] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) was placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive, i.e., control sample 3.

[0096] Comparative Example 4

[0097] A method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish comprises the following steps:

[0098] 1) 300 g of bait powder, 250 g of methyl farnesate, 100 g of Schizochytrium powder, and 100 g of Porphyridium powder were taken. The bait powder was a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1. The mixture was mixed and stirred to obtain a primary mixture.

[0099] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0100] 3) Add 102 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0101] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0102] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) was placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 h, and crushed to obtain a feed additive, i.e., control sample 4.

[0103] Comparative Example 5

[0104] A method for preparing a feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish comprises the following steps:

[0105] 1) taking 300 g of bait powder, 250 g of methyl farnesate, 100 g of Schizochytrium powder, 100 g of Porphyridium cruentum powder, and 75 g of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, wherein the bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:1, mixing and stirring to obtain a primary mixture;

[0106] 2) adding 100 g of linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring clockwise at 50 rpm for 7 min until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0107] 3) Add 111 g of deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) and stir to obtain a primary mixture;

[0108] 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 150 r / min for 3 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0109] 5) The mixture obtained in step 4) was placed in a grinder, extruded, dried at room temperature for 15 hours, and crushed to obtain a feed additive, i.e., control sample 5.

[0110] Experiment 1

[0111] Take 1 kg each of the five feed additives obtained in Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and the control samples 1 to 5 obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and add them to 4 kg of Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed of Huzhou Jinsheng Feed Co., Ltd., respectively. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed is a granular feed using No. 2 feed, and 500 g of deionized water is added to each, mixed thoroughly, and air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 5% to obtain a composite shrimp feed, which is used to feed the first batch of empty shrimp of the red claw crayfish, fed twice a day, and a daily feeding amount of 4% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish.

[0112] Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed includes fish meal, soybean meal, yeast powder, vitamins and minerals, among which the crude protein content is ≥40%, crude fiber content is ≤5%, crude ash content is ≤18%, crude fat content is ≥3%, total phosphorus content is ≥1%, lysine content is ≥2%, and moisture content is ≤12%.

[0113] The first batch of brooded crayfish, which had just spawned, and healthy male shrimp were placed in a tank with circulating water. Each tank contained 20 of the first batch of brooded crayfish and 6 male shrimp. The weight, health status, and nutritional status of the male shrimp were basically the same. The initial weight of the first batch of brooded crayfish was recorded. The above-mentioned compound shrimp feed was fed once in the morning and evening every day. The feeding amount was 1% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish in the morning and 3% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish in the evening. During this period, the same shelter (9 plastic tubes / tank) was used to ensure that the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and water quality conditions in the culture environment were good and consistent. Sewage was suctioned daily. After 30 days of culture, the female shrimp in each group were tested and sampled. The final weight of the female shrimp, i.e., the final weight of the shrimp, and the number of brooded shrimp were recorded. Then, all female shrimp were dissected, the hepatopancreas and ovaries were separated, and the weight of the hepatopancreas and ovaries was recorded. The weight growth rate, liver-to-body ratio, ovarian maturity coefficient, and brooding rate of the female shrimp were calculated. The experimental results are listed in Table 1.

[0114] Among them, the calculation formula for weight growth rate is (final weight of shrimp - initial weight) / initial weight × 100%, the calculation formula for liver-to-body ratio is (hepatopancreas weight of shrimp / final weight of shrimp) × 100%, the calculation formula for ovarian maturity coefficient is (ovary weight of shrimp / final weight of shrimp) × 100%, and the calculation formula for egg-carrying rate is the number of egg-carrying shrimp / total number of female shrimp × 100%.

[0115] Table 1 Effects of different compound shrimp feeds on the breeding of the first batch of empty shrimp

[0116] Compound shrimp feed Weight gain rate (%) Liver to body ratio (%) Ovarian maturity coefficient (%) Egg holding rate (%) Example 1 <![CDATA[10.40±7.07 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.04±0.98 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.02±0.61 a ]]> <![CDATA[53.33±5.77 b ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[11.50±3.90 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.14±0.56 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.07±0.52 a ]]> <![CDATA[56.67±10.41 b ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[10.75±4.46 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.22±0.65 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.11±0.46 a ]]> <![CDATA[55.00±5.00 b ]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[11.07±7.90 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.26±0.66 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.38±0.69 a ]]> <![CDATA[58.33±12.58 ab ]]> Example 5 <![CDATA[10.48±3.87 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.25±0.54 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.43±0.59 a ]]> <![CDATA[66.67±2.89 a <!-- 8 -->]]> Control sample 1 <![CDATA[9.14±3.90 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.35±0.27 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.24±0.61 b ]]> <![CDATA[38.33±2.89 c ]]> Control sample 2 <![CDATA[9.60±2.53 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.23±0.76 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.44±0.34 b ]]> <![CDATA[39.01±7.64 c ]]> Control sample 3 <![CDATA[10.28±5.20 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.04±0.23 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.43±0.30 b ]]> <![CDATA[42.67±7.64 c ]]> Control sample 4 <![CDATA[10.65±7.95 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.28±0.62 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.53±0.33 b ]]> <![CDATA[41.45±2.89 c ]]> Control sample 5 <![CDATA[10.29±7.47 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.29±0.55 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.55±0.49 b ]]> <![CDATA[43.33±2.89 c ]]>

[0117] Note: The same superscript letters in the same column indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), and different superscript letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

[0118] As can be seen from Table 1, when the compound shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary brooding of red claw crayfish of the present invention is fed to the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish, the weight growth rate of the second batch of brooding shrimps obtained from the compound shrimp feed obtained from Control Samples 1 to 5 is about 10%, and there is no significant difference between the two. In addition, when the compound shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary brooding of red claw crayfish of the present invention is fed to the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish, the liver-to-body ratio of the second batch of brooding shrimps obtained from the compound shrimp feed obtained from Control Samples 1 to 5 is about 5.2%, and the liver-to-body ratio of the second batch of brooding shrimps obtained from the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish fed to the compound shrimp feed obtained from Control Samples 1 to 5 is also about 5.2%, and there is no significant difference between the two. However, when the compound shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention was fed to the first batch of red claw crayfish that produced empty eggs, the ovarian maturity coefficients of the second batch of red claw crayfish that produced empty eggs were all between 2.02-2.43%. The ovarian maturity coefficients of the second batch of red claw crayfish that produced empty eggs that were fed with the compound shrimp feed obtained from control samples 1 to 5 did not exceed 1.55%, and there was a significant difference between the two. This shows that feeding the compound shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention can promote the rapid maturation of the ovaries of the first batch of red claw crayfish that produced empty eggs. At the same time, when the composite shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention is fed to the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish, the spawning rate of the second batch of spawning shrimps of the obtained red claw crayfish is between 53.33% and 66.67%. The spawning rate of the second batch of spawning shrimps obtained from the composite shrimp feed obtained from control samples 1 to 5, which is fed to the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish, is less than 45%, and there is a significant difference between the two. This shows that feeding the composite shrimp feed obtained from the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish of the present invention helps the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish to spawn again.

[0119] Therefore, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the feed additive of the present invention is based on bait powder composed of nereid powder and squid viscera powder and methyl farnesate as main ingredients, nereid powder contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, methyl farnesate is a sesquiterpene hormone, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate is involved in many physiological processes of crustaceans, nereid powder is organically compounded with methyl farnesate and 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, and the synergistic effect can quickly improve the gonadal development of empty shrimp; some sex hormones or sterols contained in squid viscera powder, taurine in squid viscera powder is organically matched with alanine hydroxamic acid, schizochytrium powder and Porphyridium powder, which can It effectively induces the production and accumulation of yolk substances, enhances nutrient penetration in cells, improves the metabolism of lipids and phospholipids, and promotes nutrient absorption; under the action of linseed oil, it enriches the nutritional structure of the feed additive, promotes the interaction between the various components, and improves the stability of the feed additive; this feed additive can also promote the foraging and bait-taking behavior of red claw crayfish to a large extent, improve the palatability and utilization rate of compound shrimp feed, significantly promote the gonad development of red claw crayfish, accelerate gonad maturation, make the ovaries of red claw crayfish mature quickly in a short period of time, improve the egg-carrying rate of the resulting egg-carrying shrimp, and thus increase the supply of shrimp fry.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: Bait powder 29.5-30.5%, methyl farnesate 24.5-25.5%, Schizochytrium powder 9.5-10.5%, Porphyridium powder 9.5-10.5%, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate 7-8%, linseed oil 9.5-10.5%, alanine hydroxamic acid 7-8%; The bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 4-6:5; The preparation method of the alanine hydroxamic acid is: At 0-5°C, alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and deionized water are taken, the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride are mixed, and added to the deionized water, wherein the amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride used is 50% of the weight of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride and the amount of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride used is 30% of the weight of the deionized water, and the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly; sodium hydroxide is added, and the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to alanine methyl ester hydrochloride is 1:1, and the mixture is reacted at 20-40°C for 3-12 hours; the mixture is cooled to 0-5°C, concentrated hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 36-38% is added, and the amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid added is 80% of the mass of the alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the mixture is acidified for 30-60 minutes, a precipitate is precipitated, filtered, and dried at room temperature to obtain alanine hydroxamic acid.

2. The feed additive for secondary incubation of red claw crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bait powder is a mixture of lugworm powder and squid viscera powder in a weight ratio of 1:

1.

3. A method for preparing the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) taking bait powder, methyl farnesate, Schizochytrium powder, Porphyridium powder, 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate and alanine hydroxamic acid, mixing and stirring to obtain a primary mixture; 2) adding linseed oil to the initial mixture obtained in step 1), stirring and mixing until uniform, to obtain a mixture; 3) adding deionized water to the mixture obtained in step 2) in an amount of 10-15% of the total mass of the mixture, and stirring to obtain a primary mixture; 4) placing the primary mixture obtained in step 3) in a blender and stirring at a stirring speed of 100-200 r / min for 2-4 minutes to obtain a mixture; 5) placing the mixture obtained in step 4) in a grinder, extruding, drying, and crushing to obtain a feed additive.

4. The method for preparing the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to claim 3, wherein: In the step 2), the stirring speed is 30-60 r / min and the stirring time is 5-10 min.

5. The method for preparing the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 5), drying is performed at room temperature for 10-20 hours.

6. The method for preparing the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 5), the moisture content of the feed additive is 6-8%.

7. The method for preparing the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step 5), the particle size of the feed additive is 0.1-0.2 mm.

8. A use of the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The feed additive is added to shrimp feed, and the addition amount of the feed additive in the shrimp feed is 20-40% to obtain compound shrimp feed. The compound shrimp feed is used for feeding the first batch of empty shrimps of red claw crayfish.

9. The use of the feed additive for secondary spawning of red claw crayfish according to claim 8, characterized in that: The compound shrimp feed is fed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the red claw crayfish.