Multi-mode switchable supercapacitor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-mode switchable supercapacitor, comprising: a high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor, the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor comprising a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a third electrode plate; and a high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor, the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor comprising the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate; the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor and the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor being switchable. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention integrates a high-power-density double-layer capacitor and a high-energy-density pseudocapacitor into one capacitor, and switches between a high-power-density double-layer capacitor mode and a high-energy-density pseudocapacitor mode by switching between a sandwich-structured supercapacitor and an interdigitated supercapacitor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of supercapacitors, and in particular relates to a multi-mode switchable supercapacitor. Background Art

[0002] A supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device that relies on the double-layer principle or redox reaction to store energy. Its performance is between that of traditional capacitors and batteries. Compared with traditional energy storage devices, supercapacitors have an energy density that is several orders of magnitude higher than that of physical capacitors, and a power density that is higher than that of batteries. In addition, supercapacitors have excellent robustness and can support high-power charging and discharging and large current input and output. In practical applications, supercapacitors also show extremely high environmental adaptability, can be used in a temperature range of -40°C to 70°C, and have a cycle life of tens of thousands of times. These excellent properties make supercapacitors one of the best candidates for the new generation of energy storage devices, and they are expected to be widely used in new energy vehicles, electronic information, wearable devices, artificial intelligence and other fields.

[0003] According to the energy density calculation formula of supercapacitor E=0.5CU 2 , the parameters that affect energy density are specific capacitance and operating voltage. The specific capacitance and operating voltage of supercapacitors are mainly affected by electrode materials and electrolytes respectively, so the main research direction of scientific researchers is currently focused on the development and preparation of high-performance electrode materials and electrolytes. However, so far, although scientific researchers have developed a variety of electrode materials and electrolytes for supercapacitors, they have not yet developed a supercapacitor that can be promoted and has both high power density and high energy density. In view of this, this patent takes a new approach. Starting from the perspective of supercapacitor structure design and combining it with actual application conditions, a multifunctional switchable supercapacitor structure is designed in a targeted manner, and a supercapacitor with both high power density and high energy density is successfully prepared. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a multi-mode switchable supercapacitor.

[0005] The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor, wherein the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a third electrode plate; a high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor, wherein the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor includes the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate; the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor and the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor can be switched.

[0006] The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the embodiment of the present invention integrates a double-layer capacitor with high power density and a pseudocapacitor with high energy density into one capacitor. By switching between a sandwich structure supercapacitor and an interdigitated supercapacitor, switching between a double-layer capacitor mode with high power density and a pseudocapacitor mode with high energy density is achieved.

[0007] Optionally, a first terminal is provided on the first electrode plate, a second terminal is provided on the second electrode plate, and a third terminal is provided on the third electrode plate.

[0008] Optionally, the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located in the same plane, are not in contact with each other and are arranged opposite to each other.

[0009] Optionally, an electrolyte is coated on the plane where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located.

[0010] Optionally, the plane where the first electrode plate is located is vertically parallel to and faces the planes where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located.

[0011] Optionally, an electrolyte is filled between the plane where the first electrode plate is located and the plane where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located.

[0012] Optionally, the electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte or an ionic electrolyte.

[0013] Optionally, the electrode materials of the first electrode plate, the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are one or a composite material of carbon material, graphene, metal or conductive polymer conductive material.

[0014] Optionally, the first electrode plate is modified and decorated with a substance capable of chemical reaction.

[0015] Optionally, the first electrode plate is an electrode plate composed of at least one polygonal electrode, and the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are both interdigital electrodes.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] 1. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention can be prepared by modifying the electrodes of the supercapacitor to have both high energy density and high power density, providing a new idea for the research and development of high-performance supercapacitors.

[0018] 2. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention can combine a sandwich structure supercapacitor and a planar supercapacitor, which can not only give play to the advantages of easy integration of the planar supercapacitor, but also give play to the advantages of higher energy density of the sandwich structure supercapacitor.

[0019] 3. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It can switch between a high energy density mode and a high power density mode according to actual application conditions. It has high practical application value and is very suitable for industrial promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-mode switchable supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a volt-ampere characteristic test curve of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a constant current charge and discharge test curve of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 1. First electrode plate, 2. Second electrode plate, 3. Third electrode plate, 4. Electrolyte, 5. First terminal, 6. Second terminal, 7. Third terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a high energy density pseudocapacitor and a high power density double-layer supercapacitor, the high energy density pseudocapacitor includes a first electrode plate 1, a second electrode plate 2 and a third electrode plate 3; the high power density double-layer supercapacitor includes a second electrode plate 2 and a third electrode plate 3; the high power density double-layer supercapacitor and the high energy density pseudocapacitor can be switched.

[0027] The high-energy-density pseudocapacitor and the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor share a common second electrode plate 2 and third electrode plate 3. In the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor, the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3 each serve as one electrode. In the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor, the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3 are combined into one electrode, with the first electrode plate 1 serving as the other electrode. By switching between the high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor and the high-energy-density pseudocapacitor, the switching is achieved through the different electrode transitions.

[0028] The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It can switch between a high energy density mode and a high power density mode according to actual application conditions. It has high practical application value and is very suitable for industrial promotion.

[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the first electrode plate 1 is provided with a first terminal 5, the second electrode plate 2 is provided with a second terminal 6, and the third electrode plate 3 is provided with a third terminal 7. That is, the first electrode plate 1 is connected to the first terminal 5, the second electrode plate 2 is connected to the second terminal 6, and the third electrode plate 3 is connected to the third terminal 7.

[0030] A high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor includes a second electrode plate 2 and a third electrode plate 3; the second electrode plate 2 is one electrode, and the third electrode plate 3 is the other electrode. The second and third electrode plates 2 and 3 are located on the same plane, do not touch each other, and are arranged opposite each other. An electrolyte 4 is coated on the plane where the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3 lie, i.e., there is an electrolyte 4 between the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3. Both the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3 are interdigitated electrodes. A high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor is an interdigitated supercapacitor.

[0031] The high energy density pseudocapacitive supercapacitor includes a first electrode plate 1, a second electrode plate 2 and a third electrode plate 3; the second electrode plate 2 and the third electrode plate 3 together constitute an electrode, and the first electrode plate 1 is another electrode. The second electrode plate 2 and the third electrode plate 3 are located in the same plane, and the two are not in contact and are arranged opposite to each other. The plane where the second electrode plate 2 and the third electrode plate 3 are located is coated with an electrolyte 4. The first electrode plate 1 is an electrode plate composed of at least one polygonal electrode, that is, the first electrode plate 1 can be an electrode plate composed of one polygonal electrode, or it can be an electrode plate composed of multiple polygonal electrodes. The first electrode plate 1 is modified and decorated with a substance that can undergo a chemical reaction.

[0032] The plane of the first electrode plate 1 is vertically parallel to and faces the planes of the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3. Electrolyte 4 is filled between the planes of the first electrode plate 1 and the planes of the second and third electrode plates 2 and 3. The high-energy-density pseudocapacitive supercapacitor is a sandwich-type supercapacitor.

[0033] The electrolyte 4 is an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, or an ionic electrolyte.

[0034] The electrode materials of the first electrode plate 1 , the second electrode plate 2 and the third electrode plate 3 are one or a composite material of carbon material, graphene, metal or conductive polymer conductive material.

[0035] The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor of the present invention switches between two modes by changing the wiring arrangement. When one end of the load is connected to the second terminal 6 and the other end to the third terminal 7, it becomes a high-power-density double-layer supercapacitor. When one end of the load is connected to the first terminal 5 and the other ends to the second terminal 6 and the third terminal 7, it becomes a high-energy-density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor.

[0036] Example

[0037] The first electrode plate 1 is a square electrode, and the second electrode plate 2 and the third electrode plate 3 are both interdigital electrodes.

[0038] This embodiment uses laser-induced graphene as the supercapacitor electrode and PVA / H3PO4 as the electrolyte. First, the designed electrode pattern is transferred to the laser engraving system, and the laser engraving system laser-induced PI film to form square and interdigitated graphene electrodes. Subsequently, the square electrode is immersed in a reaction solution composed of KMnO4 and methanol to deposit MnO2 nanoparticles, which are then taken out and dried. The PVA / H3PO4 electrolyte is then dropped onto the two prepared electrodes and dried in an oven at 35°C for 2 hours. After that, a small amount of electrolyte is applied to the square electrode, and the interdigitated electrode is pasted onto the square electrode and dried in an oven at 35°C for 2 hours to obtain a graphene multifunctional switchable supercapacitor.

[0039] The volt-ampere characteristic scanning speed of this embodiment is 100mV / s, and the results are as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is clear that compared to interdigitated supercapacitors (i.e., high-power-density double-layer supercapacitors), sandwich supercapacitors (i.e., high-energy-density pseudocapacitors) have a larger CV area. This is mainly due to the sandwich structure's larger electrode effective area and the modified square electrodes. The difference in the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the two supercapacitor structures demonstrates that the present invention has excellent practical switching conditions.

[0040] The constant current charge and discharge current density of this embodiment is 0.4 mA cm -2 , the results are as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the charge and discharge time of the sandwich-type supercapacitor is about 7 times longer than that of the interdigital supercapacitor. This is mainly because the square electrodes in this embodiment are modified, causing a redox reaction during the energy storage process. This results in a longer charge and discharge time than the interdigital supercapacitor, and thus a higher energy density.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0043] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0044] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode switchable supercapacitor, characterized in that: include: A high energy density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor, comprising a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a third electrode plate; A high power density double-layer supercapacitor, comprising the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate; The plane where the first electrode plate is located is parallel to and directly faces the planes where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located in the vertical direction; An electrolyte is filled between the plane where the first electrode plate is located and the plane where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located; The first electrode plate is modified and decorated with a substance capable of chemical reaction; The first electrode plate is an electrode plate composed of at least one polygonal electrode, and the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are both interdigital electrodes; The high power density double-layer supercapacitor and the high energy density pseudocapacitor supercapacitor can be switched.

2. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first terminal is provided on the first electrode plate, a second terminal is provided on the second electrode plate, and a third terminal is provided on the third electrode plate.

3. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located in the same plane, are not in contact with each other and are arranged opposite to each other.

4. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plane where the second electrode plate and the third electrode plate are located is coated with electrolyte.

5. The multi-mode switchable supercapacitor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte or an ionic electrolyte.

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