Tool microstructure machining device and method using valve port fluid cavitation erosion

Abstract

The application discloses a cutter microstructure processing device and method using valve port fluid cavitation erosion effect. The device comprises a valve body module, a temperature control module, a micro-particle adding assembly and a cutter clamping assembly. The valve body module comprises a valve sleeve and a valve core. The valve core is installed in the inner cavity of the valve sleeve. The inner side wall of the valve sleeve and the outer side surface of the valve core form a cavitation processing flow channel with annular longitudinal section. The cavitation processing flow channel comprises an input flow channel, a throttle port and an output flow channel connected in sequence along the liquid medium flow direction. The temperature control module comprises a temperature sensor and a nested liquid cooling assembly, and the nested liquid cooling assembly comprises a liquid cooling cover sleeved outside the valve body module. The inner side surface of the liquid cooling cover and the outer side surface of the valve sleeve form a heat exchange flow channel. The application utilizes the cavitation effect formed after the fluid medium mixed with micro-particles passes through the throttle port to erode the rake face of the processed cutter, so that the microstructure capable of improving the cutting performance of the processed cutter is rapidly processed on the rake face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of performance optimization of high-hardness metal surfaces, and in particular to a tool microstructure processing device and method utilizing the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, microstructured tools have been increasingly used in mechanical processing. During the process of metal processing by tools, the microstructure on the tool surface can reduce friction and resistance, improve the wear resistance of the tool; it can store lubricating fluid, thereby increasing lubrication and reducing friction; it can also increase heat dissipation.

[0003] Currently, commonly used methods for tool microstructuring include ultrasonic vibration machining, laser machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and focused ion beam machining (FIB). Laser machining equipment is relatively expensive and can easily result in a large amount of melt forming around the microgrooves. FIB machining is slow, limiting this technology to small-scale textures and requiring vacuum processing. Furthermore, EDM suffers from the drawback of severe surface ablation.

[0004] For many years, cavitation has been considered a harmful phenomenon, and cavitation erosion has caused huge economic losses. However, in recent years, researchers at home and abroad have begun to explore ways to use the cavitation effect to benefit mankind, such as in cleaning, crushing, drilling, and water treatment. However, related research in the field of tool microstructure processing is still relatively rare. For the valve port, when the liquid flows through the valve port, the speed increases sharply. At this time, the dynamic pressure increases and the static pressure decreases. When a certain speed is reached, the pressure at the valve port drops below the vapor pressure and cavitation occurs. The pressure in the output flow channel area is generally greater than the vapor pressure, so the cavitation collapses in the output flow channel. When the cavitation collapses, the energy is concentrated in a very small area, resulting in a large local pressure and a huge shock wave, causing cavitation damage to the valve port. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the current problem that it is difficult to machine a large number of irregularly arranged and size-controlled microstructures on the surface of a tool, and to provide a tool microstructure machining device and method using the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid.

[0006] A tool microstructure processing device utilizing the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid comprises a valve body module, a temperature control module, a microparticle addition assembly, and a tool clamping assembly. The valve body module comprises a valve sleeve and a valve core. The valve core is mounted within the inner cavity of the valve sleeve; a cavitation processing channel having a ring-shaped longitudinal cross-section is formed between the inner sidewall of the valve sleeve and the outer side surface of the valve core. The cavitation processing channel comprises an input channel, a throttle port, and an output channel, which are connected in sequence along the flow direction of the liquid medium. The cross-sectional areas of the input channel and the output channel are both larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle port. Several tool clamping assemblies are mounted at the junction of the output channel and the throttle port. The tool clamping assembly is used to clamp the tool being processed. When the tool being processed is clamped in the tool clamping assembly, the front cutting face of the tool being processed is exposed to the cavitation processing channel, and the cutting edge is obscured. The input channel of the cavitation processing channel is connected to both a liquid source containing the liquid medium and the microparticle addition assembly.

[0007] The temperature control module includes a temperature sensor and a nested liquid cooling assembly. The nested liquid cooling assembly includes a liquid cooling cover positioned outside the valve body module. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the output flow channel. A heat exchange channel is formed between the inner surface of the liquid cooling cover and the outer surface of the valve cover.

[0008] During operation, the liquid medium mixed with microparticles enters the input flow channel of the cavitation processing flow channel. The pressure of the liquid medium mixed with microparticles decreases during the process of entering the output flow channel from the throttle port, forming a cavitation effect and forming a microstructure on the front cutting edge of the tool being processed installed in the tool clamping assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the valve core is divided into a sequentially connected input section, a throttling section, and an output section along its axis. The input section, throttling section, and output section of the valve core correspond to the input flow channel, throttling port, and output flow channel of the cavitation processing flow channel, respectively. The output section of the valve core, near the throttling port, serves as the tool mounting area. The tool clamping assembly is mounted on the tool mounting area.

[0010] Preferably, the tool installation area of ​​the valve core has a rectangular longitudinal section; and a plurality of tool clamping assemblies are connected to the four side surfaces of the tool installation area by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the output flow channel is 1.5 to 2 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle port (13).

[0012] Preferably, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the valve sleeve, wherein the liquid inlet is directly connected to the input flow channel, and the liquid outlet is directly connected to the output flow channel.

[0013] Preferably, the micro-particle adding assembly comprises a stop valve, an outlet pipeline and a micro-particle containing box; the inlet of the valve sleeve is connected to the outlet of the micro-particle containing box through the outlet pipeline and to a liquid source for outputting liquid medium. The outlet pipeline is provided with a stop valve.

[0014] Preferably, the valve sleeve is provided with a first through hole. The first through hole is in communication with the output flow channel. The liquid cooling cover is provided with a second through hole. The second through hole is aligned with the first through hole. The temperature sensor passes through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the detection part is located in the output flow channel. The connection parts of the temperature sensor and the first through hole and the second through hole are provided with sealing structures.

[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the micro-particles in the input cavitation processing flow channel is 1 micrometer.

[0016] Preferably, the nested liquid cooling assembly is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet in communication with the heat exchange flow channel. The heat exchange medium inlet is arranged at the bottom of the nested liquid cooling assembly, and the heat exchange medium outlet is arranged at the top of the nested liquid cooling assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the tool clamping assembly comprises a clamping seat and a plurality of installation slots arranged on the clamping seat. The clamping seat is detachably connected at the connection between the output flow channel and the throttle port. The installation slot is a stepped slot comprising an installation slot segment and a limiting slot segment. The cross-sectional shape of the installation slot segment corresponds to the shape of the machined tool, so that the machined tool can be inserted into the installation slot. In the state that the machined tool is installed in the installation slot, the stepped surface between the installation slot segment and the limiting slot segment provides limiting for the machined tool. The rake face of the machined tool is exposed in the cavitation processing flow channel through the limiting slot segment.

[0018] The tool micro-structure processing device has the following steps in the processing method:

[0019] Step one, install the machined tool on the tool clamping assembly; install the tool clamping assembly at the connection between the output flow channel and the throttle port.

[0020] Step two, continuously input the liquid medium mixed with micro-particles into the cavitation processing flow channel. When the liquid medium enters the output flow channel from the throttle port, the internal pressure of the liquid medium decreases due to the sudden increase of the flow channel cross-sectional area, and cavitation effect is generated near the rake face of the machined tool, forming a micro-structure on the rake face of the machined tool. The inlet pressure P of the liquid medium is adjusted according to the size of the micro-structure to be processed; the larger the micro-structure size, the higher the inlet pressure P.

[0021] During the process of introducing liquid medium into the cavitation processing channel, heat exchange medium is continuously introduced into the heat exchange channel; the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat exchange medium is adjusted according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor so that the average temperature of the output channel is maintained at 47°C to 53°C.

[0022] Step 3: After the preset time, the tool to be processed is removed and the microstructure processing is completed.

[0023] Preferably, the tool being processed is ultrasonically cleaned and then cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and dried before and after the microstructure processing.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] 1. The present invention utilizes the cavitation effect formed by a liquid medium mixed with microparticles after passing through a throttle port to erode the rake face of the tool being processed, thereby rapidly processing a microstructure on the rake face that can improve the cutting performance of the tool being processed.

[0026] 2. The present invention sets the longitudinal section of the cavitation processing flow channel to be annular, which can surround the installation of multiple tool clamping assemblies, thereby realizing simultaneous processing of multiple tools and improving the processing efficiency of the tool microstructure.

[0027] 3. The present invention can adjust the working conditions of microstructure processing by adjusting the pressure of the liquid medium input into the cavitation processing channel, thereby preparing microstructures of desired scales according to different requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2a Schematic diagram of the valve body module in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2b Schematic cross-sectional view of the input flow channel in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2c It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the throttle port in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2d It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the output flow channel in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the tool clamping assembly in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of adding components to microparticles in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the temperature control module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following is an explanation and description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation manner, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 、 2a As shown in Figures 2b, 2c and 2d, a tool microstructure processing device that utilizes the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid includes a valve body module 1, a temperature control module 2, a microparticle addition component 3 and a tool clamping component 4. The valve body module 1 includes a valve sleeve 11 and a valve core 12. The valve core 12 is installed in the inner cavity of the valve sleeve 11; a cavitation processing flow channel with a longitudinal cross-section (i.e., a cross-section perpendicular to the flow direction of the liquid medium) is formed between the inner side wall of the valve sleeve 11 and the outer side surface of the valve core 12. The cavitation processing flow channel includes an input flow channel 14, a throttle port 13 and an output flow channel 15 connected in sequence. A liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the valve sleeve 11. The liquid inlet is directly connected to the input flow channel 14. The liquid outlet is directly connected to the output flow channel 15. The cross-sectional areas of the input flow channel 14 and the output flow channel 15 are both larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle port 13. The depth of the throttle opening 13 is half the depth of the input channel 14, and one-third the depth of the output channel 15. The valve core 12 is divided along its axis into a sequentially connected input section, throttle section, and output section. The input, throttle, and output sections of the valve core 12 correspond to the input channel 14, throttle opening 13, and output channel 15 of the cavitation process flow channel, respectively. The ends of the valve core 12 are sealed and fixed to cover plates fixed to the ends of the valve sleeve 11 (not shown).

[0038] The output section of the valve core 12, near the throttle port 13, serves as the tool mounting area. The tool clamping assembly 4 is mounted in this area. To facilitate bolt installation, the tool mounting area of ​​the valve core 12 has a rectangular longitudinal cross-section. Four bolt holes 121 are arranged in a rectangular pattern on each of the four sides of the tool mounting area. The four tool clamping assemblies 4 are secured to the four tool mounting areas using bolts and holes 121. The flat surface on the valve core 12 for mounting the tool clamping assembly 4 improves tool clamping stability.

[0039] During operation, the flow direction of the liquid medium in the valve body module is "input flow channel 14 → throttle port 13 → output flow channel 15", which is consistent with the Figure 1 The arrows in the middle point to the same direction. When the liquid medium flows from the throttle port 13 to the output flow channel 15, it passes through the cavitation generation zone, the development zone and the collapse zone in sequence.

[0040] like Figure 3As shown, the tool clamping assembly 4 includes a clamping seat 42, four bolts 423, and a plurality of mounting slots 421 and four through holes 422 formed on the clamping seat 42. The four corners of the clamping seat 42 are fixed together with the tool mounting area of the spool 12 through the through holes 422, bolt holes 121 and bolts 423.

[0041] The mounting slots 421 are stepped slots, including a mounting slot segment close to the spool 12 and a limiting slot segment away from the spool 12. The width of the limiting slot segment is smaller than that of the mounting slot segment. The cross-sectional shape of the mounting slot segment corresponds to the shape of the machined tool 41, so that the machined tool 41 can be inserted into the mounting slot 421 and kept stable in position. The stepped surface between the mounting slot segment and the limiting slot segment provides a limit for the machined tool 41, so that the machined tool 41 cannot be separated from the tool clamping assembly 4 through the limiting slot segment. The limiting slot segment allows the rake face of the machined tool 41 to directly contact the liquid medium in the output flow passage 15.

[0042] The protruding part of the limiting slot segment relative to the mounting slot segment is a cladding structure 4211; the inner side surface of the cladding structure 4211 is the stepped surface between the mounting slot segment and the limiting slot segment. During installation, the cutting edge of the machined tool 41 closely contacts the cladding structure 4211, so that the cutting edge is covered by the cladding structure 4211, ensuring that the cutting edge will not be damaged by cavitation erosion of the liquid medium during machining of the surface microstructure of the tool. Since the four tool clamping assemblies 4 are completely identical in structure, only two of them are shown in the figure.

[0043] In this embodiment, the machined tool 41 is a rectangular sheet-shaped tool tooth used for broaching operation by being bolted to a broach handle. The cross section of the mounting slot 421 is rectangular. The length of each side of the mounting slot 421 corresponds to and is equal to the length of each side of the machined tool 41, so that the machined tool 41 can be placed into the mounting slot 421.

[0044] The number of mounting slots 421 is not limited. In this embodiment, in order to improve the machining efficiency and considering the size limitation of the clamping seat 42, the number is six. Each machined tool 41 is installed in one mounting slot 421.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 4, the machined tool 41 is a rectangular sheet-shaped tool tooth used for broaching operation by being bolted to a broach handle. The cross section of the mounting slot 421 is rectangular. The length of each side of the mounting slot 421 corresponds to and is equal to the length of each side of the machined tool 41, so that the machined tool 41 can be placed into the mounting slot 421. Figure 4As shown, the micro-particle adding assembly 3 includes a stop valve 31, an outlet pipeline 32 and a micro-particle storage box 33 for storing micro-particles; the micro-particle adding assembly 3 is arranged at the liquid inlet of the valve sleeve 11. The liquid inlet of the valve sleeve 11 is connected to the output port of the micro-particle storage box 33 through the outlet pipeline 32, and is connected to a liquid tank for outputting liquid medium through a hose. The outlet pipeline 32 is provided with a stop valve 31. The micro-particle storage box 33 stores micro-particles with a particle size of 1 micron; the stop valve 31 is used to control whether the micro-particles are output, and a stop valve commonly used in the technical field is adopted, which will not be described herein. After the stop valve 31 is opened, the liquid output by the liquid tank is mixed with the micro-particles output by the micro-particle storage box 33, and then flows into the cavitation processing flow channel.

[0046] As shown in Figure 1 and 5 , the temperature control module 2 includes a temperature sensor 21 and a nested liquid cooling assembly 22, and the nested liquid cooling assembly 22 includes a liquid cooling cover arranged outside the valve body module 1. The inner side of the liquid cooling cover and the outer side of the valve sleeve 11 form a hollow heat exchange flow channel 113. The valve sleeve 11 is provided with a first through hole 111 for installing the temperature sensor 21 in the temperature control module 2. The first through hole 111 is in communication with the output flow channel 15. The liquid cooling cover is provided with a second through hole 211 for the temperature sensor 21 to pass through. The second through hole 211 is aligned with the first through hole 111. The temperature sensor 21 passes through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the detection part is located in the output flow channel 15.

[0047] The nested liquid cooling assembly 22 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 221 and a heat exchange medium outlet 222 in communication with the heat exchange flow channel 113. Since the density of hot water is less than that of cold water, the heat exchange medium inlet 221 is arranged at the bottom of the tool microstructure processing device, and the heat exchange medium outlet 222 is arranged at the top of the tool microstructure processing device, so that the cooling effect is better.

[0048] The processing method of the tool microstructure processing device includes the following steps:

[0049] Step one, use the ultrasonic vibration device to clean the processed tool 41, and the cleaning time is greater than or equal to three minutes. After ultrasonic cleaning, use anhydrous ethanol to clean the processed tool 41; after anhydrous ethanol cleaning, dry the processed tool 41.

[0050] Step two, place the cleaned processed tool 41 into the installation slot 421 of the tool clamping assembly 4, and make the rake face of the processed tool 41 face outward, i.e. away from the spool 12. Then, fix the clamping seat 42 together with the processed tool 41 on the output section of the spool 12 by bolts.

[0051] Step three, start the temperature control module 2, so that the low-temperature heat transfer medium flows into the heat transfer medium inlet 221 of the nested liquid cooling assembly 22, and flows out of the heat transfer medium outlet 222. The temperature sensor 21 detects the temperature of the output flow channel 15 in real time, and transmits the measured temperature signal to the external controller, and controls the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat transfer medium according to the temperature requirement. By changing the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat transfer medium, the temperature of the liquid medium in the valve body module is prevented from being too high or too low. Specifically, when the temperature sensor 21 monitors that the temperature of the liquid medium is less than 47℃, the flow rate of the heat transfer medium is reduced and / or the input temperature of the heat transfer medium is increased; when the temperature sensor 21 monitors that the temperature of the liquid medium is greater than 53℃, the flow rate of the heat transfer medium is increased and / or the input temperature of the heat transfer medium is reduced.

[0052] Step four, the liquid tank inputs liquid medium to the liquid inlet of the valve sleeve, opens the stop valve 31, and makes the micro-particles in the micro-particle containing box 33 enter the cavitation processing flow channel in the valve body module 1 through the outlet pipeline 32 together with the liquid medium. When the liquid medium mixed with micro-particles enters the input flow channel 14 from the throttle 13, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is reduced, causing the pressure and flow rate of the liquid medium to increase; when the liquid medium enters the output flow channel 15 from the throttle 13, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel is suddenly increased, and the internal pressure of the liquid medium is instantaneously reduced to negative pressure; under the action of negative pressure, the liquid medium mixed with micro-particles generates cavitation effect near the rake face of the processed cutting tool 41, forms micro-bubbles and bursts, so that the micro-particles impact the rake face of the processed cutting tool 41, forming a microstructure that improves the cutting performance of the processed cutting tool 41.

[0053] The pressure P of the liquid medium entering the input flow channel 14 will affect the strength of the cavitation collapse. In order to effectively produce cavitation erosion, the pressure P is controlled at 7MPa-14MPa. If the required microstructure size of the surface of the processed cutting tool 41 is 5μm, 10μm and 15μm, respectively, the preferred pressure is 8MPa, 10MPa and 12MPa, respectively.

[0054] Step five, after processing (the processing time lasts for 1-2 hours), the stop valve 31 connected to the micro-particle containing box 33 is closed, and the input of liquid medium into the valve body module 1 is stopped.

[0055] Step six, the valve core is removed from the valve sleeve, the clamping seat 42 is removed from the valve sleeve, and the processed cutting tool 41 is taken out. The processed cutting tool 41 is placed into the ultrasonic vibration device again for cleaning, and the cleaning time is more than three minutes. After ultrasonic cleaning, the processed cutting tool 41 is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, and after anhydrous ethanol cleaning, drying treatment is performed.

[0056] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention includes but is not limited to the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Any modifications that do not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tool microstructure processing device utilizing the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid, comprising a tool clamping assembly (4) characterized in that: It also includes a valve body module (1), a temperature control module (2) and a microparticle addition component (3); the valve body module (1) includes a valve sleeve (11) and a valve core (12); the valve core (12) is installed in the inner cavity of the valve sleeve (11); a cavitation processing flow channel with a longitudinal section in the shape of a ring is formed between the inner side wall of the valve sleeve (11) and the outer side surface of the valve core (12); the cavitation processing flow channel includes an input flow channel, a throttle port (13) and an output flow channel connected in sequence along the flow direction of the liquid medium; the cross-sectional area of ​​the output flow channel is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle port (13); a plurality of tool clamping components (4) are installed at the connection between the output flow channel and the throttle port; the tool clamping component (4) is used to clamp the tool to be processed; when the tool to be processed is clamped on the tool clamping component (4), the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed is exposed in the cavitation processing flow channel, and the cutting edge is blocked; the input flow channel of the cavitation processing flow channel is connected to a liquid source containing the liquid medium and the microparticle addition component (3) at the same time; The temperature control module (2) includes a temperature sensor (21) and a nested liquid cooling assembly (22), wherein the nested liquid cooling assembly (22) includes a liquid cooling cover sleeved on the outside of the valve body module (1); the temperature sensor (21) detects the temperature of the output flow channel; a heat exchange flow channel (113) is formed between the inner side surface of the liquid cooling cover and the outer side surface of the valve sleeve (11); During operation, a liquid medium mixed with microparticles enters the input flow channel of the cavitation processing flow channel, and the pressure of the liquid medium mixed with microparticles decreases during the process of entering the output flow channel from the throttle port (13), thereby forming a cavitation effect and forming a microstructure on the front cutting edge of the tool being processed installed on the tool clamping assembly (4).

2. The tool microstructure processing device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve core (12) is divided into an input section, a throttling section and an output section connected in sequence along its own axial direction; the input section, throttling section and output section of the valve core (12) correspond to the input flow channel, throttling port (13) and output flow channel of the cavitation processing flow channel respectively; the position of the output section of the valve core (12) near the throttling port (13) is a tool installation area; the tool clamping assembly (4) is installed on the tool installation area; the longitudinal section of the tool installation area of ​​the valve core (12) is rectangular; and a plurality of tool clamping assemblies (4) are connected to the four side surfaces of the tool installation area by bolts.

3. The tool microstructure processing device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the output flow channel is 1.5 to 2 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the throttle port (13).

4. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microparticle addition component (3) comprises a stop valve (31), an outlet pipe (32) and a microparticle holding box (33) for holding microparticles; the liquid inlet of the valve sleeve (11) is connected to the output port of the microparticle holding box (33) through the outlet pipe (32), and is connected to a liquid source for outputting the liquid medium; a stop valve (31) is provided on the outlet pipe (32).

5. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The valve sleeve (11) is provided with a first through hole (111); the first through hole (111) is communicated with the output flow channel; the liquid cooling cover is provided with a second through hole (211); the second through hole (211) is aligned with the first through hole (111); the temperature sensor (21) passes through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the detection part is located in the output flow channel; and a sealing structure is provided at the connection between the temperature sensor (21) and the first through hole and the second through hole.

6. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the microparticles input into the cavitation processing flow channel is 1 micron.

7. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nested liquid cooling assembly (22) is provided with a heat exchange medium water inlet (221) and a heat exchange medium water outlet (222) which are in communication with the heat exchange flow channel (113); the heat exchange medium water inlet (221) is provided at the bottom of the nested liquid cooling assembly (22), and the heat exchange medium water outlet (222) is provided at the top of the nested liquid cooling assembly (22).

8. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve sleeve (11) is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet at both ends, respectively; the liquid inlet is directly connected to the input flow channel; and the liquid outlet is directly connected to the output flow channel.

9. The tool microstructure machining device utilizing valve port fluid cavitation erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool clamping assembly (4) includes a clamping seat (42) and a plurality of mounting slots (421) provided on the clamping seat (42); the clamping seat (42) is detachably connected to the connection between the output flow channel and the throttle port; the mounting slot (421) is a stepped through slot, including a mounting slot section and a limiting slot section; the cross-sectional shape of the mounting slot section corresponds to the shape of the tool to be processed (41), so that the tool to be processed (41) can be inserted into the mounting slot (421); when the tool to be processed (41) is installed in the mounting slot (421), the stepped surface between the mounting slot section and the limiting slot section provides a limit for the tool to be processed (41); the front cutting edge of the tool to be processed (41) is exposed in the cavitation processing flow channel through the limiting slot section.

10. A tool microstructure machining method based on the cavitation erosion effect of valve port fluid, characterized by: The tool microstructure processing device according to claim 1 or 2 is used; the processing method of the tool microstructure processing device comprises the following steps: Step 1: Mount the tool (41) to be processed onto the tool clamping assembly (4); install the tool clamping assembly (4) at the connection between the output flow channel and the throttle port (13); Step 2: continuously introduce a liquid medium mixed with microparticles into the cavitation processing flow channel; when the liquid medium enters the output flow channel from the throttle port (13), the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel suddenly increases, and the internal pressure of the liquid medium decreases, thereby generating a cavitation effect near the front cutting edge of the tool (41) being processed, and forming a microstructure on the front cutting edge of the tool (41) being processed; the inlet pressure P of the liquid medium is adjusted according to the size of the microstructure to be processed; the larger the size of the microstructure, the higher the inlet pressure P; During the process of introducing the liquid medium into the cavitation processing flow channel, the heat exchange medium is continuously introduced into the heat exchange flow channel (113); the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat exchange medium is adjusted according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (21), so that the average temperature of the output flow channel is maintained at 47°C to 53°C; Step 3: After the preset time, the tool (41) to be processed is removed and the microstructure processing is completed.

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