A method for cultivating young branches through grafting and seedling cultivation

Abstract

A sapling grafting seedling cultivation method belongs to the field of grafting technology, and comprises the following steps: S1, selecting branches from a new variety of saplings as scion branches; S2, cutting the scion branches and the new variety of saplings; S3, placing the scion branches in a culture solution for rooting; S4, trimming the broken ends of the scion branches after rooting to form T-shaped grafts for standby use; S5, vertically cutting the grafted end on the rootstock to form a T-shaped port; S6, inserting the T-shaped graft of the scion branch into the T-shaped port of the grafted end on the rootstock, and injecting a culture medium into the gap; S7, wrapping the wounds of the scion branch and the rootstock with a winding plastic film; S8, regularly injecting nutrient solution into the culture medium covering the grafted end to complete maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and in particular relates to a sapling grafting seedling cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] After the cultivation of new varieties is completed, economic benefits can be generated by promoting their planting. However, young trees need to be planted and maintained for many years before they can enter the peak fruit-bearing period, which requires a large time investment. Therefore, grafting can be used for planting and management. Branch grafting is to use the branches of young trees of the new variety as scion materials to graft onto the rootstock. The actual operation process is usually to take the young branches and cut the lower end into an inclined surface. The rootstock is cut vertically in the middle to form a gap, and then the young branches are inserted into the gap of the rootstock. The rootstock is then tied tightly with film strips to make the rootstock and the young branches fit tightly.

[0003] However, in the actual application process of grafting, the success rate of grafting is affected by many factors such as the grafting technique of the staff, the pest and disease situation, temperature and humidity, etc. Therefore, the success rate of grafting is not high. In addition, it takes a certain amount of time for callus tissue to form between the rootstock and the scion and for it to grow again, which delays the fruiting period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a young tree grafting seedling cultivation method. By grafting the rooted scion branch with the rootstock, the growth of the scion branch and the combination with the rootstock can be carried out simultaneously, avoiding the problem of delayed fruiting period, and at the same time can accelerate the generation of callus tissue, thereby improving the success rate of grafting.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0006] A sapling grafting and seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select branches from young trees of the new variety as scion branches, leaving at least one new bud on the scion branches;

[0008] S2. Cut off the scion branch from the young tree of the new variety and trim the broken end of the scion branch into a wedge shape;

[0009] S3, placing the scion branches into culture solution to promote rooting;

[0010] S4, performing secondary trimming on the broken ends of the grafted branches after rooting, trimming the broken ends into T-shaped stubbles for standby use;

[0011] S5, cutting the branch to be grafted on the rootstock to form a grafting end, and vertically cutting the grafting end in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a T-shaped end;

[0012] S6. Insert the T-shaped graft of the scion branch into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the stock, plug the root system on the scion branch into the gap of the T-shaped port, and inject the culture medium into the gap;

[0013] S7, wrapping the wounds of the scion branch and the stock with a plastic wrap, filling the gap at the grafted end of the stock with a culture medium and covering the grafted end, and then wrapping the plastic wrap to fix;

[0014] S8. Regularly inject nutrient solution into the culture medium covering the grafted end to complete maintenance.

[0015] Furthermore, the bark cross section of the scion branch in step S2 is neat and free of burrs.

[0016] Furthermore, the secondary trimming in step S4 is to cut on both sides of the wedge surface of the scion branch to remove the roots at the edge of the bark, forming a bilaterally symmetrical "7"-shaped incision and exposing the end face of the fresh bark to form a T-shaped joint.

[0017] Furthermore, the T-shaped port in step S5 includes a transverse incision and a longitudinal incision that together form a T-shape, the depth of the transverse incision and the longitudinal incision are both 2-3 cm, and the incision direction of the transverse incision and the longitudinal incision is parallel to the direction of the grafted branch.

[0018] Furthermore, when the T-shaped graft of the scion branch is inserted into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the rootstock in step S6, the rootstock bark and the newly exposed fresh bark end of the T-shaped graft of the scion branch are aligned and kept in contact with each other by wrapping the plastic film.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S7, the culture medium and the grafting end of the rootstock together seal and wrap the broken end of the scion branch.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention is different from the traditional grafting method in which the trimmed scion branch is directly grafted onto the stock. The present invention cultivates and promotes the roots of the scion branch in advance, and grafts the scion branch with the new root system onto the stock, so that during the process of generating callus tissue and combining with the stock, the scion branch can still absorb nutrients from the culture medium with the help of the new root system and continue to grow. The grafting method of the present invention can make the growth of the scion branch and the combination with the stock proceed simultaneously, avoiding the problem of delayed fruiting period. At the same time, since the scion branch continuously extracts nutrients from the culture medium with the help of the new root system during the process of combining with the stock, it can not only accelerate the generation of callus tissue, but also ensure that the scion branch has sufficient nutrients for its survival before combining with the stock, thereby improving the success rate of grafting.

[0022] 2. In the traditional grafting process, the incision at the grafting end of the rootstock only contains a transverse incision, resulting in one side of the scion branch being in contact with the wood of the rootstock. In the present invention, a T-shaped incision is formed by the transverse incision and the longitudinal incision, so that the scion branch is inserted into the longitudinal incision. The longitudinal incision cuts the bark from the middle, which can expose the fresh bark inside, thereby differentiating more callus tissue to improve the success rate of grafting.

[0023] 3. On the one hand, the culture matrix in the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients for the scion branches to ensure that the scion branches grow normally by absorbing nutrients in the culture matrix with the help of the root system before being combined with the rootstock, and ensure that the scion branches can enter the fruiting period as scheduled. On the other hand, the culture matrix can seal the incision on the end face of the rootstock to prevent foreign matter or pests from entering the rootstock or scion branch along the incision and causing damage, thereby improving the success rate of grafting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a side view of the broken end of the scion branch;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front end of the scion branch;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the grafted end of the rootstock;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of grafting the scion branch to the rootstock;

[0028] In the attached figure, 1. scion branch, 2. rootstock, 3. root system, 4. "7"-shaped incision, 5. horizontal incision, 6. vertical incision. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Specific embodiments, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a sapling grafting seedling cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Select a branch from a young tree of a new variety as a scion branch 1, leaving at least one new bud on the scion branch 1;

[0032] S2, cutting off the scion branch 1 from the young tree of the new variety, and trimming the broken end of the scion branch 1 into a wedge shape;

[0033] S3, placing the scion branch 1 into the culture solution to promote rooting;

[0034] S4, performing secondary trimming of the broken end of the scion branch 1 after the rooting is completed, and trimming the broken end into a T-shaped stubble for standby use;

[0035] S5, cutting off the branch to be grafted on the rootstock 2 to form a grafting end, and vertically cutting the grafting end in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a T-shaped port;

[0036] S6, inserting the T-shaped graft of the scion branch 1 into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the rootstock 2, plugging the root system 3 on the scion branch 1 into the gap of the T-shaped port, and injecting the culture medium into the gap;

[0037] S7, wrap the wound of scion branch 1 and stock 2 with a winding plastic film, fill the port gap of the grafted end of stock 2 with culture medium and cover the grafted end, and then wrap the plastic film to fix;

[0038] S8. Regularly inject nutrient solution into the culture medium covering the grafted end to complete maintenance.

[0039] In order to make the new varieties enter the peak fruit-bearing period quickly after cultivation, the branches of the new variety saplings are usually grafted onto mature rootstocks 2 by the grafting method. Since the current grafting success rate is affected by many factors such as the grafting techniques of the staff, pest and disease conditions, temperature and humidity, etc. in actual application, the grafting success rate is not high. In addition, it takes a certain amount of time for callus tissue to form between the rootstock 2 and the scion and for it to grow again, which delays the fruit-bearing period. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings by grafting. Different from the traditional grafting method in which the trimmed scion branch 1 is directly grafted onto the rootstock 2, the present invention cultivates and promotes the roots of the scion branch 1 of the new variety of sapling before inserting the scion branch 1 into the grafting end of the rootstock 2, and grafts the scion branch 1 with the new root system 3 onto the rootstock 2, so that the scion branch 1 can still absorb nutrients from the culture medium and continue to grow with the help of the new root system 3 during the process of generating callus tissue and combining with the rootstock 2. In addition, the scion branch 1 is also in the new root system. Secondary pruning is performed at 3 locations to ensure that the scion branch 1 exposes the fresh bark end surface. As the callus tissue of the scion branch 1 and the rootstock 2 redifferentiates, the scion branch 1 is combined with the rootstock 2. Through the grafting method of the present invention, the growth of the scion branch 1 and the combination with the rootstock 2 can be carried out simultaneously, avoiding the problem of delayed fruiting period. At the same time, since the scion branch 1 continuously extracts nutrients from the culture medium with the help of the new root system 3 during the process of combining with the rootstock 2, it can not only accelerate the generation of callus tissue, but also ensure that the scion branch 1 has sufficient nutrients for its survival before combining with the rootstock 2, thereby improving the success rate of grafting.

[0040] Furthermore, the bark cross section of the scion branch 1 described in step S2 is neat and has no burrs. The burrs on the bark cross section may create an obstruction between the scion branch 1 and the rootstock 2, affecting the bonding between the scion branch 1 and the rootstock 2. Therefore, in order to ensure that the bark of the scion branch 1 and the bark of the grafting end of the rootstock 2 fit more closely, the bark cross section of the scion branch 1 is neatened.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the secondary trimming in step S4 is to cut on both sides of the wedge surface of the scion branch 1, remove the roots 3 on the edge of the bark, form a left-right symmetrical "7"-shaped incision 4, and expose the end face of the fresh bark to form a T-shaped joint. Compared with the traditional wedge-shaped joint of the scion branch 1, when the T-shaped joint is spliced ​​with the rootstock 2, the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure can be placed on the end face of the grafted end of the rootstock 2 to play a fixing role, thereby preventing the scion branch 1 from sliding down along the gap of the rootstock 2.

[0042] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the T-shaped port includes a transverse incision 5 and a longitudinal incision 6 that together form a T-shape. The depths of the transverse incision 5 and the longitudinal incision 6 are both 2-3 cm. The incision directions of the transverse incision 5 and the longitudinal incision 6 are parallel to the direction of the branch at the grafting end. The position of the transverse incision 5 at the grafting end of the rootstock 2 is offset from the center of the grafting end of the rootstock 2, and the transverse incision is made near the connection between the bark and the xylem. In the traditional grafting process, the incision at the grafting end of the rootstock 2 only contains the transverse incision 5, resulting in one side of the scion branch 1 being in contact with the xylem of the rootstock 2. In the present invention, a T-shaped incision is formed by the transverse incision 5 and the longitudinal incision 6, so that the scion branch 1 is inserted into the longitudinal incision 6. The longitudinal incision 6 cuts the bark from the middle, which can expose the fresh bark inside, thereby differentiating more callus tissue to improve the success rate of grafting.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, when the T-shaped graft of the scion branch 1 is inserted into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the rootstock 2 in step S6, the bark of the rootstock 2 is aligned with the newly exposed fresh bark end of the T-shaped graft of the scion branch 1 and the two are kept in contact with each other by wrapping the plastic film. Since the callus tissue is mainly differentiated by the newly exposed bark, the newly exposed fresh bark end of the scion branch 1 is aligned with the bark of the rootstock 2, so that the two can jointly differentiate the callus tissue to promote grafting, thereby improving the success rate of grafting.

[0044] Furthermore, the culture matrix described in step S7 and the grafting end of the stock 2 jointly seal and wrap the broken end of the scion branch 1. The culture matrix is ​​a gel material that can absorb the culture solution and be fixed to the end face of the stock 2. As the culture matrix decreases, the root system 3 gradually withers, and finally the scion branch 1 and the stock 2 are integrated. On the one hand, the culture matrix can provide sufficient nutrients for the scion branch 1 to ensure that the scion branch 1 grows normally with the help of the root system 3 to absorb nutrients in the culture matrix before combining with the stock 2, and ensure that the scion branch 1 can enter the fruit-bearing period as scheduled. On the other hand, the culture matrix can seal the incision on the end face of the stock 2 to prevent foreign matter or pests from entering the stock 2 or the scion branch 1 along the incision and causing damage, thereby improving the success rate of grafting.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating saplings by grafting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select branches from young trees of the new variety as scion branches, leaving at least one new bud on the scion branches; S2. Cut off the scion branch from the young tree of the new variety and trim the broken end of the scion branch into a wedge shape; S3, placing the scion branches into culture solution to promote rooting; S4, performing secondary trimming on the broken ends of the grafted branches after rooting, trimming the broken ends into T-shaped stubbles for standby use; S5, cutting the branch to be grafted on the rootstock to form a grafting end, and vertically cutting the grafting end in the horizontal and vertical directions to form a T-shaped end; The T-shaped port includes a transverse incision and a longitudinal incision that together form a T shape, the depth of the transverse incision and the longitudinal incision are both 2-3 cm, and the incision direction of the transverse incision and the longitudinal incision is parallel to the direction of the grafted branch; S6. Insert the T-shaped graft of the scion branch into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the stock, plug the root system on the scion branch into the gap of the T-shaped port, and inject the culture medium into the gap; The T-shaped stubble of the scion branch is inserted into the longitudinal incision of the rootstock, and the root system of the scion branch is inserted into the transverse incision of the rootstock; S7, wrapping the wounds of the scion branch and the stock with a plastic wrap, filling the gap at the grafted end of the stock with a culture medium and covering the grafted end, and then wrapping the plastic wrap to fix; S8. Regularly inject nutrient solution into the culture medium covering the grafted end to complete maintenance.

2. A sapling grafting and seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bark cross section of the scion branch in step S2 is neat and free of burrs.

3. A sapling grafting and seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary trimming in step S4 is to cut on both sides of the wedge surface of the scion branch, remove the roots on the edge of the bark, form a bilaterally symmetrical "7" shaped incision, and expose the fresh bark end surface to form a T-shaped joint.

4. A sapling grafting and seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the T-shaped graft of the scion branch is inserted into the T-shaped port of the grafting end on the rootstock in step S6, the rootstock bark and the newly exposed fresh bark end of the T-shaped graft of the scion branch are aligned and kept in contact with each other by wrapping the plastic film.

5. The method for cultivating saplings by grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the culture medium and the grafting end of the rootstock together seal and wrap the broken end of the scion branch.

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