A kind of drying method of American ginseng fibrous root

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of medicinal material processing technology, and in particular to a drying method for American ginseng fibrous roots. The drying method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: the harvested American ginseng is washed and the taproot is separated from the fibrous root; (2) soaking: the American ginseng fibrous root is placed in a soaking liquid and then washed with water; (3) drying in the shade: the soaked American ginseng fibrous root is placed in a 10-30°C ventilation and shade drying; (4) irradiation: the shade-dried American ginseng fibrous root is first irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp, then infrared radiation is used, and then irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp; (5) drying in the shade: the irradiated American ginseng fibrous root is dried to constant weight. The drying method of the present invention can effectively reduce the loss of ginsenosides and volatile oil content, better protect the active ingredients, maximize its nutritional value, and further improve product stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal material processing, and particularly relates to a method for drying American ginseng fibrous roots. Background Art

[0002] American ginseng is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. Its dried root is used as medicine. Its raw medicine is called American ginseng, ginseng or American ginseng. American ginseng contains ginsenosides, volatile oils, polysaccharides and other biologically active ingredients, which have the effects of nourishing the body, benefiting the lung yin, clearing away internal heat, nourishing blood and promoting body fluid, calming the mind and improving intelligence.

[0003] There are many ways to process American ginseng, but the processing parameters are not detailed, so there is no reference for reasonable processing. The most commonly used method is still the traditional processing method, which is to soak the selected clean American ginseng for a long time, soak until it softens, then cut into thin slices, and then dry and package. The traditional processing method is time-consuming and labor-intensive. If the soaking time is too long, it is easy to cause the loss of ginsenoside, the main component of American ginseng, and thus lose its pharmacological activity, making the quality of the medicinal material poor, and seriously damaging the color, taste and nutritional components of American ginseng.

[0004] Drying is a key step in the processing of Chinese medicinal materials at the origin. Only after drying can the medicinal materials be further processed and produced as Chinese medicinal pieces. The material basis of Chinese medicinal materials is complex. The efficacy of a medicinal material is often jointly exerted by multiple chemical components. Many chemical components are easily affected by processing conditions, such as temperature, humidity, light, etc., especially during the drying process, structural variation or decomposition is prone to occur, resulting in changes in the quality of the medicinal materials and reduced efficacy. The drying method is a key factor in the formation of the quality and quality attributes of medicinal materials. The special drying method has a vital impact on the quality and efficacy of medicinal materials. In my country's traditional drug use experience, many traditional processing and drying methods have been formed to facilitate the initial processing and efficacy guarantee of medicinal materials at the origin. Some traditional drying methods not only make it easy to dry medicinal materials, but also form authentic medicinal materials with excellent quality, such as the fumigation drying of Angelica sinensis and the sweat drying of Gentiana macrophylla. The dried medicinal materials not only require the properties and quality to comply with the provisions of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", but also be easy to store and transport.

[0005] Chinese invention patent application CN107233374A discloses a post-harvest drying method for American ginseng, which includes the following steps: pretreatment, grading, ultraviolet irradiation, airing, NO fumigation, and drying. The American ginseng processed by the inventive method improves product quality while drying, can greatly increase the content of effective ingredients in American ginseng, completely retains the color, taste and nutritional components of fresh American ginseng, has a uniform water extraction speed, a sufficient drying effect, avoids the loss of various effective ingredients caused by high-temperature heating, and significantly increases the content of effective ingredients in American ginseng after drying. The content of main ingredients such as ginsenosides is much higher than that of existing drying methods, but the method does not involve a simple drying method for American ginseng fibrous roots, and the drying time is relatively long.

[0006] Chinese invention patent application CN111166779A discloses a method for processing American ginseng, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) washing; (2) grading; (3) dehydration; (4) ultraviolet irradiation; (5) slicing; (6) drying; (7) freezing; (8) vacuum drying; and (9) sealing and vacuum packaging. The American ginseng processed by the above method improves the quality of the medicinal material while drying, can greatly increase the content of the effective ingredients in the American ginseng, and completely retains the color, taste and nutritional components of fresh American ginseng. However, the content of the effective ingredients in the fibrous roots in the invention is unclear, and the content of volatile oil is unclear.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a drying method for American ginseng fibrous roots to reduce the loss of components such as ginsenosides and volatile oils and retain the color, taste and nutritional components of fresh American ginseng. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for drying American ginseng fibrous roots. The fibrous roots obtained by the drying method of the present invention have a higher content of active ingredients and are more stable than those obtained by other methods.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] A method for drying American ginseng fibrous roots comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) Pretreatment: Wash the harvested American ginseng and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots;

[0012] (2) Soaking: Soak the American ginseng roots in a soaking solution and then wash them with water;

[0013] (3) Drying in the shade: Place the soaked American ginseng roots in a ventilated and shade-dried environment at 10-30°C;

[0014] (4) irradiation: the shade-dried American ginseng fibrous roots are first irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp, then with infrared radiation, and then with an ultraviolet lamp;

[0015] (5) Shade drying: Dry the irradiated American ginseng roots to a constant weight.

[0016] Preferably, the soaking solution in step (2) is prepared by mixing sodium chloride, citric acid, vitamin C and water.

[0017] Further preferably, the soaking solution in step (2) is prepared by mixing 5%-10% sodium chloride, 1%-2% citric acid, 1%-2% vitamin C and the remainder water, calculated by mass percentage.

[0018] Preferably, the soaking temperature in step (2) is 20-30° C., the soaking time is 2-3 hours, and the cleaning time is 10-15 minutes; the amount of the soaking liquid is 1.2-2 times the weight of the fibrous roots.

[0019] The American ginseng fibrous roots of the present invention are soaked before drying, which can not only remove impurities, but also further improve the stability of effective ingredients and prevent the loss of total saponin and volatile oil content in the subsequent drying process.

[0020] Preferably, the shade drying temperature in step (3) is 20-25° C., and the shade drying time is 1-2 days.

[0021] The shade drying method is a method of drying medicinal materials in a cool and ventilated place. The principle is to use the natural flow of air and wind to blow away free water, thereby achieving the purpose of drying. This drying method is often used for medicinal materials containing volatile oils and medicinal materials that are easy to lose oil or change color. The advantages of shade drying and sun drying are simple operation and low cost, but the drying time of shade drying is longer, and the Chinese medicinal materials will also be contaminated. Therefore, combining shade drying with other drying methods to dry the fibrous roots of American ginseng can not only reduce the loss of effective ingredients, but also shorten the drying time and reduce pollution.

[0022] Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet lamp in step (4) is 280-320 nm, and the wavelength of the infrared light is 20-40 μm.

[0023] Preferably, the light intensity of the ultraviolet lamp in step (4) is 4000-6000Lx, and the irradiation time of the ultraviolet lamp is 20-30min.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature of the infrared radiation in step (4) is 55-65°C, the radiation time is 1-2h, and the radiation power is 500-600W.

[0025] The present invention irradiates the fibrous roots of American ginseng by ultraviolet lamp and infrared radiation successively, so that the drying time can be accelerated, and the breeding, reproduction, mildew, insect breeding or deterioration of microorganisms in the drying process can be effectively prevented, and the accumulation of active substances can be increased, thereby improving the quality of the medicinal materials.

[0026] Preferably, the drying environment in step (5) is a dark and ventilated place, the drying temperature is 10-40° C., and the drying time is 1-3 days.

[0027] Further preferably, the drying temperature in step (5) is 20-30° C., and the drying time is 1-2 days.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The present invention can achieve the purpose of color protection, sterilization and removal of some impurities by immersing in a mixed solution of sodium chloride, citric acid, vitamin C and water in a specific ratio, and can prevent the evaporation of volatile oil in the subsequent drying process;

[0030] (2) The present invention uses ultraviolet light and infrared light for alternating irradiation, sets a specific irradiation intensity and irradiation time, can effectively kill bacteria, promote water volatilization, and further improve the stability of active substances;

[0031] (3) The present invention treats the American ginseng fibrous roots twice at low temperature and shade drying, which can effectively reduce the loss of ginsenosides and volatile oil content, better protect the active ingredients, maximize its nutritional value, and further improve product stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are further clearly described. The described embodiments are only a part of the present invention and are used to explain the present invention but not to limit the present invention. Therefore, other embodiments obtained by other technicians in the field without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] American ginseng comes from the same batch of American ginseng grown in Fushun, Jilin for 4 years.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for drying American ginseng roots, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) Pretreatment: Remove the soil from the harvested American ginseng, rinse it, and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots;

[0037] (2) Soaking: Soak the fibrous roots of American ginseng in 1.5 times the mass of soaking solution (mixed with 8% sodium chloride, 1% citric acid, 2% vitamin C and 89% water) at 25°C for 3 h, and then wash with running water for 15 min;

[0038] (3) Drying in the shade: Place the soaked American ginseng roots in a ventilated place at 25°C and dry in the shade for 1 day;

[0039] (4) Irradiation: The shade-dried American ginseng roots were first irradiated with a 300 nm, 5000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 20 min, then irradiated with a 30 μm, 600 W far-infrared lamp at 60°C for 1.5 h, and then irradiated with a 280 nm, 4000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 30 min;

[0040] (5) Drying in the shade: Dry the irradiated American ginseng roots in a well-ventilated place at 25°C for 2 days until the weight becomes constant.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for drying American ginseng roots, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) Pretreatment: Remove the soil from the harvested American ginseng, rinse it, and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots;

[0044] (2) Soaking: Soak the fibrous roots of American ginseng in a soaking solution (prepared by mixing 10% sodium chloride, 1.5% citric acid, 1.5% vitamin C and 87% water) at 20°C for 2 h, and then wash with running water for 15 min;

[0045] (3) Drying in the shade: Place the soaked American ginseng roots in a ventilated place at 20°C and dry in the shade for 2 days;

[0046] (4) Irradiation: The shade-dried American ginseng roots were first irradiated with a 280 nm, 6000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 30 min, then irradiated with a 20 μm, 600 W far-infrared lamp at 55 ° C for 2 h, and then irradiated with a 300 nm, 4000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 20 min;

[0047] (5) Drying in the shade: Dry the irradiated American ginseng roots in a ventilated place at 30°C for 1 day until constant weight is reached.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A method for drying American ginseng roots, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Pretreatment: Remove the soil from the harvested American ginseng, rinse it, and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots;

[0051] (2) Soaking: Soak the fibrous roots of American ginseng in 1.2 times the mass of soaking solution (mixed with 5% sodium chloride, 2% citric acid, 1% vitamin C and 92% water) at 25°C for 3 h, and then wash with running water for 10 min;

[0052] (3) Drying in the shade: Place the soaked American ginseng roots in a ventilated place at 25°C and dry in the shade for 1 day;

[0053] (4) Irradiation: The shade-dried American ginseng roots were first irradiated with a 320 nm, 4000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 30 min, then irradiated with a 40 μm, 600 W far-infrared lamp at 65 ° C for 1 h, and then irradiated with a 300 nm, 6000 Lx ultraviolet lamp for 30 min;

[0054] (5) Drying in the shade: Dry the irradiated American ginseng roots in a ventilated place at 20°C for 2 days until constant weight is achieved.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that the soaking solution in step (3) is prepared by mixing 8% sodium chloride, 3% citric acid and 89% water by mass percentage.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that the soaking solution in step (3) is prepared by mixing 8% sodium chloride, 5% citric acid, 5% vitamin C and 82% water, by mass percentage.

[0059] Comparative Example 3

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that step (3) is: placing the soaked American ginseng roots in an oven at 80° C. and drying for 10 hours.

[0061] Comparative Example 4

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (4): the low-temperature shade-dried American ginseng fibrous roots are first irradiated with infrared rays and then irradiated with ultraviolet light.

[0063] Comparative Example 5

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that step (4) is: the shade-dried American ginseng root is first irradiated with a 300nm, 7000Lx ultraviolet lamp for 10 minutes, then irradiated with a 30μm, 600W far-infrared lamp at 60°C for 1.5 hours, and then irradiated with a 280nm, 7000Lx ultraviolet lamp for 20 minutes.

[0065] Comparative Example 6

[0066] A method for drying American ginseng roots, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) Pretreatment: Remove the soil from the harvested American ginseng, rinse it, and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots;

[0068] (2) Soaking: Soak the American ginseng roots in a soaking solution (8% sodium chloride, 1% citric acid, 2% vitamin C and 89% water) at 20°C for 2 h, and then wash with running water for 15 min;

[0069] (3) Sun drying: Dry the fibrous roots directly in the sun until they reach constant weight.

[0070] Comparative Example 7

[0071] A method for drying American ginseng roots, which is different from that of Example 1 in that the roots are first dried in the shade (step (3)) and then soaked (step (2)).

[0072] Effect test

[0073] Test Example 1 Ginsenoside content test

[0074] The same batch of American ginseng roots with the same source after drying were used to determine the contents of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1 and total ginsenosides in American ginseng by HPLC with reference to the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part I. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Content of main active ingredients of ginsenosides and total ginsenosides (%)

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Test Example 2 Volatile Oil Content Test

[0079] The volatile oil content in American ginseng root was determined according to the volatile oil determination method in the appendix of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The formula for calculating the volatile oil content is as follows: volatile oil content (%) = (mass of volatile oil / total mass of ginseng root) × 100%. The test results of volatile oil content are shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 Volatile oil content test results

[0081] Group Volatile oil content / % Example 1 0.17 Example 2 0.17 Example 3 0.17 Comparative Example 1 0.10 Comparative Example 2 0.11 Comparative Example 3 0.09 Comparative Example 4 0.09 Comparative Example 5 0.10 Comparative Example 6 0.09 Comparative Example 7 0.15

[0082] Test Example 3 Quality Stability Test

[0083] The dried American ginseng roots were stored at 40°C and a relative humidity of about 75% for 6 months. The American ginseng roots were taken at 0, 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the content of total ginsenosides and volatile oils of ginseng were tested in accordance with the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0084] Table 3 Stability test results of ginseng total saponins and volatile oil content

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The above detailed description is a specific description of one feasible embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification that does not deviate from the present invention should be included in the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drying American ginseng fibrous roots, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Pretreatment: Wash the harvested American ginseng and separate the taproot from the fibrous roots; (2) Soaking: Soak the American ginseng roots in the soaking solution and then wash them with water; (3) Drying in the shade: Place the soaked American ginseng roots in a ventilated and shade-dried environment at 10-30°C; (4) Irradiation: The shade-dried American ginseng fibrous roots are first irradiated with ultraviolet light, then with infrared radiation, and then with ultraviolet light; (5) Drying in the shade: Dry the irradiated American ginseng roots to a constant weight; In step (2), the soaking solution is prepared by mixing 5%-10% sodium chloride, 0.5%-2% citric acid, 0.5%-2% vitamin C and the remainder water, by mass percentage; In step (4), the light intensity of the ultraviolet lamp is 4000-6000Lx, the ultraviolet lamp irradiation time is 20-30min, the temperature of the infrared radiation is 55-65°C, the irradiation time is 1-2h, and the radiation power is 500-600W; The wavelength of the ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet lamp in step (4) is 280-320 nm, and the wavelength of the infrared light is 20-40 μm.

2. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the soaking temperature is 20-30° C., the soaking time is 2-3 hours, the cleaning time is 10-15 minutes, and the amount of the soaking liquid is 1.2-2 times the weight of the fibrous roots.

3. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the shade drying in step (3) is 20-25° C., and the shade drying time is 1-2 days.

4. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that The drying environment in step (5) is a light-proof and ventilated place, the drying temperature is 10-40° C., and the drying time is 1-3 days.

5. The drying method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (5) is 20-30° C. and the drying time is 1-2 days.

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